crude oil

en-noun

crude oil (usually uncountable, plural crude oils)

Further west, in Pembrokeshire, the Esso Petroleum Co. refinery at Milford Haven, opened last November, is designed to berth the world's largest tankers and to process, initially, 4,500,000 tons of crude oil a year.

1961 August, “New traffic flows in South Wales”, in Trains Illustrated, page 494:

Unrefined oil; as it is found underground, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons.


cut

cut (countable and uncountable, plural cuts)

From Middle English cutten, kitten, kytten, ketten (“to cut”) (compare Scots kut, kit (“to cut”)), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse *kytja, *kutta, from Proto-Germanic *kutjaną, *kuttaną (“to cut”), of uncertain origin, perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *kwetwą (“meat, flesh”) (compare Old Norse kvett (“meat”)). Akin to Middle Swedish kotta (“to cut or carve with a knife”) (compare dialectal Swedish kåta, kuta (“to cut or chip with a knife”), Swedish kuta, kytti (“a knife”)), Norwegian Bokmål kutte (“to cut”), Norwegian Nynorsk kutte (“to cut”), Icelandic kuta (“to cut with a knife”), Old Norse kuti (“small knife”), Norwegian kyttel, kytel, kjutul (“pointed slip of wood used to strip bark”). Displaced native Middle English snithen (from Old English snīþan; compare German schneiden), which still survives in some dialects as snithe or snead. See snide. Adjective sense of "drunk" (now rare and now usually used in the originally jocular derivative form of half-cut) dates from the 17th century, from cut in the leg, to have cut your leg, euphemism for being very drunk.

leikkaus

notch, passage, or channel made by cutting or digging

(petrochemistry) The range of temperatures used to distill a particular mixture of hydrocarbons from crude oil.


dry

en-adj

dry (comparative drier or dryer, superlative driest or dryest)

drier (comparative)
dryer (comparative)
driest (superlative)
dryest (superlative)

wet

antonym(s) of “abstinent from or banning alcohol”

wet

antonym(s) of “not using afterburners or water injection”

wet

of a scientist or lab: doing computation

Sranan Tongo: drei

[d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷaɪ̯]

Adjective and noun from Middle English drye, dryge, drüȝe, from Old English drȳġe (“dry; parched, withered”), from Proto-West Germanic *drūgī, *draugī, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz, *draugiz (“dry, hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“to strengthen; become hard”), from *dʰer- (“to hold, support”). The verb derives from Middle English drien, from Old English drȳġan (“to dry”), from Proto-West Germanic *drūgijan, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz (“hard, desiccated, dry”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“strong, hard, solid”).
cognates and related terms
 Cognate with Scots dry, drey (“dry”), North Frisian drüg, driig, Saterland Frisian druuch (“dry”), West Frisian droech (“dry”), Dutch droog (“dry”), Low German dröög (“dry”), German dröge (“dull”), Icelandic draugur (“a dry log”). Related also to German trocken (“dry”), West Frisian drege (“long-lasting”), Danish drøj (“tough”), Swedish dryg (“lasting, hard”), Icelandic drjúgur (“ample, long”), Latin firmus (“strong, firm, stable, durable”). See also drought, drain, dree.

cog

you don't miss the water till the well runs dry

you never miss the water till the well runs dry

you never miss the water until the well runs dry

This well is as dry as that cow.

en:unable to produce a liquid, e.g., water, oil, milk

Unable to produce a liquid, as water, (petrochemistry) oil, or (agriculture) milk.


petroleum

en-noun

petroleum (countable and uncountable, plural petroleums or petrolea)

From Medieval Latin petroleum, from petra (“rock”) + oleum (“oil”).

petroleum-based products

Coal and petroleum do not occur hap-hazard in nature, but the aggregate occurrence of each product in any region forms a definite, limited horizon, which, in its continuance, is independent of the bedding plane.

1940, William Plotts, Isogeotherm, Or Monist Theory of Stratified Mineral Occurrence and Origin, page 7:

A flammable liquid ranging in color from clear to very dark brown and black, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons, occurring naturally in deposits under the Earth's surface.


distillation

distillation (countable and uncountable, plural distillations)

/dɪstɪˈlæɪʃən/

From Middle English distillacioun, from Anglo-Norman distillacioun, from Latin distīllātiōnem, accusative of distīllātiō.

chemical engineering
chemical engineering

(chemistry, chemical engineering) The separation of more volatile parts of a substance from less volatile ones by evaporation and condensation.

(petrochemistry) Separation of petroleum into specific hydrocarbon groups; fractionation.


carbon black

(petrochemistry) A fine black powder of amorphous carbon manufactured by the incomplete combustion of natural gas or oil, and used as a pigment in the manufacture of ink and paint. Used as a filler in rubber and rubber-like polymers, it helps prevent deterioration by ultraviolet rays.


soot

soot (usually uncountable, plural soots)

From Middle English soot, soote, sote, sot, from Old English sōt, from Proto-Germanic *sōtą (“soot”), from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). Cognate with dated Dutch zoet (“soot”), German Low German Soot (“soot”), Danish sod (“soot”), Swedish sot (“soot”), Icelandic sót (“soot”). Compare similar ō-grade formation the same Proto-Indo-European root in Old Irish suide (“soot”) and Balto-Slavic: Lithuanian súodžiai (“soot”), and Proto-Slavic *saďa (“soot”) (Russian са́жа (sáža), Polish and Slovak sadza, Bulgarian са́жда (sážda)).

Fine black or dull brown particles of amorphous carbon and tar, produced by the incomplete combustion of coal, oil etc.


polyethylene

polyethylene (countable and uncountable, plural polyethylenes)

The most abundant chemical in the plastics is polyethylene, which is used for single-use packaging, plastic bags and containers such as bottles.

2023 June 5, Yvonne Gordon, “Microplastics found in every sample of water taken during Ocean Race”, in The Guardian:

(organic chemistry) A polymer consisting of many ethylene monomers bonded together; used for kitchenware, containers etc.


paraffin

paraffin (countable and uncountable, plural paraffins)

From Latin paraffinum, from parum (too little) + affinis (related, affinity). Therefore low affinity or being chemically neutral.

(petrochemistry, organic chemistry) Any member of the alkane hydrocarbons.


coal tar

coal tar (countable and uncountable, plural coal tars)

Coordinate term: coal oil

Phenol can be obtained from coal tars by two methods : (a) Directly by separation of the product contained in this type of feedstock, at the rate of 0.5 to 1.5 per cent weight.

1989, Alain Chauvel, Gilles Lefebvre, Petrochemical Processes: Major Oxygenated, Chlorinated And Nitrated Derivatives, page 123:

A black, viscous tar made by the destructive distillation of coal (to make coke and town gas); it contains a great number of compounds including hydrocarbons and phenols; used in the preparation of medicinal soap and shampoo, and industrially for the manufacture of many products.


LNG

liquefied natural gas
liquefied natural gas#English

(petrochemistry) Initialism of liquefied natural gas.


CDU

(petrochemistry) Initialism of crude distillation unit.


petrochemistry

(petrochemistry) The branch of chemistry that deals with petroleum, natural gas and their derivatives.

нефтохимия

the branch of chemistry that deals with petroleum


petrochemical

Another is a Bloomberg project we're participating in that looks beyond petrochemicals.

2023 September 19, Yessenia Funes, “The Father of Environmental Justice Exposes the Geography of Inequity”, in Scientific American:

(petrochemistry) Any compound derived from petroleum or natural gas.

peitriceimiceán

any compound derived from petroleum or natural gas


cracking

(organic chemistry, petrochemistry) The thermal decomposition of a substance, especially that of crude petroleum in order to produce petrol / gasoline.


naphtha

naphtha (countable and uncountable, plural naphthas)

→ Japanese: ナフサ (nafusa)

→ Korean: 나프타 (napeuta)

From Latin naphtha, from Ancient Greek νάφθα (náphtha, “naphtha”), from Old Persian *naftah, probably borrowed or assimilated from Akkadian 𒉌𒆳𒊏 (/napṭu/, “petroleum”) , from the verb 𒈾𒁀𒂅 (na-ba-ṭu /napâṭu, nabâṭu/, “to be(come) bright, to shine; to flare up, to blaze”). The Greek mediation is reflected in the spelling – ‘ph’ and ‘th’ (from ‘φ’ and ‘θ’).

der

The turmoil went on—no rest, no peace. […] It was nearly eleven o'clock now, and he strolled out again. In the little fair created by the costers' barrows the evening only seemed beginning; and the naphtha flares made one's eyes ache, the men's voices grated harshly, and the girls' faces saddened one.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

No, this is not a disentanglement from, but a progressive knotting into — they go in under archways, secret entrances of rotted concrete that only looked like loops of an underpass... certain trestles of blackened wood have moved slowly by overhead, and the smells begun of coal from days far to the past, smells of naphtha winters, of Sundays when no traffic came through...

1973, Thomas Pynchon, Gravity's Rainbow:

The Common Room and the Library were lit by anbaric light, but the Scholars preferred the older, softer naphtha lamps in the Retiring Room.

(petrochemistry) Any of a wide variety of aliphatic or aromatic liquid hydrocarbon mixtures distilled from petroleum or coal tar, especially as used in solvents or petrol.


reformer

Deisohexanizer bottoms are routed to the continuous reformer, where the octane of the stream is upgraded chiefly by conversion of naphthenes and paraffins to high octane aromatic compounds.

1979 December 7, Alaska Petrochemical Company, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Draft[:] Environmental Impact Statement, page 29:

(petrochemistry) A device used to convert petroleum refinery naphthas, typically having low octane ratings, into high-octane liquid products called reformates.


syngas

en-noun

syngas (countable and uncountable, plural syngases)

(petrochemistry) Synthesis gas or coal gas.


synthesis gas

synthesis gas (countable and uncountable, plural synthesis gases)

(petrochemistry) The gas obtained by heating coal and steam; coal gas.


coal gas

(petrochemistry) The poisonous gas, used domestically for cooking etc and formerly for lighting, prepared by heating coal with steam (gasification); it is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide; sometimes synonymous with synthesis gas or town gas.


APG

(petrochemistry) Abbreviation of Associated Petroleum Gas.


aromatization

aromatization (countable and uncountable, plural aromatizations)

(petrochemistry) The conversion of aliphatic components of petroleum into aromatic compounds as part of the refining process.


NG

NG (countable and uncountable, plural NGs)

no good: attested in The Comprehensive Standard Dictionary of the English Language (1909) and in Students’ Edition of a Standard Dictionary of the English Language (1915).

(petrochemistry) Initialism of natural gas.


reformate

From reform + -ate (noun-forming suffix).

(petrochemistry) The product of a hydrocarbon reforming process; an intermediate in the production of fuels such as gasoline.


indane

indane (countable and uncountable, plural indanes)

(organic chemistry, petrochemistry) A bicyclic hydrocarbon consisting of a benzene ring fused to that of cyclopentane; it, and its derivatives, are found in petroleum


CNG

(petrochemistry) Initialism of compressed natural gas.

КПГ

комприми́рованный приро́дный газ

СПГ

сжа́тый приро́дный газ, can also mean LNG - сжи́женный приро́дный газ


Brown HT

(organic chemistry) A brown synthetic coal tar diazo dye.


DAO

DAO (countable and uncountable, plural DAOs)

(petrochemistry) Initialism of de-asphalted oil, a crude oil refinery process stream.


LPG

LPG (countable and uncountable, plural LPGs)

liquefied petroleum gas
liquefied petroleum gas#English

autogas

European & Commonwealth sense; not in Canada


liquefied petroleum gas

liquefied petroleum gas (countable and uncountable, plural liquefied petroleum gases)

(petrochemistry) A mixture of propane and butane with traces of some other gases, which is kept in a liquid state at high pressure in metal bottles, and used as a source of gas for cooking, heating and as a fuel in internal combustion engines in vehicles.


mazut

mazut (usually uncountable, plural mazuts)

(petrochemistry) A heavy, low-quality fuel oil, used in generating plants and similar applications, or broken down to produce diesel.


liquefied natural gas

(petrochemistry) Natural gas that has been cooled and compressed to liquid form for transport and storage.


dyneme

dyneme (countable and uncountable, plural dynemes)

Polyethylene with a very high molecular weight.


cymogene

cymogene (usually uncountable, plural cymogenes)

(organic chemistry, petrochemistry) A highly volatile liquid, condensed by cold and pressure from the first products of the distillation of petroleum; used for producing low temperatures.


cosmoline

Probably from cosmetic + Latin oleum (“oil”).

(organic chemistry, petrochemistry) A substance obtained from the residues of the distillation of petroleum, essentially the same as vaseline, but of somewhat stiffer consistency, and consisting of a mixture of the higher paraffins.


PRMS

Rosneft said its hydrocarbon reserve life was 26 years, 23 years for oil and 66 years for gas, under the PRMS rules.

2010, “Rosneft retained world's biggest reserves in 2009”, in Reuters:

(petrochemistry) Initialism of Petroleum Resources Management System.


light oil

(petrochemistry) The oily product, lighter than water, forming the chief part of the first distillate of coal tar, and consisting largely of benzene and toluene.


BTX

(petrochemistry) Initialism of (mixture of) benzene, toluene, and xylenes.


bituminosulfonate

ammonium bituminosulfonate
ammonium bituminosulfonate

(organic chemistry, petrochemistry) An anion found in ammonium bituminosulfonate (ichthammol), obtained by dry distillation of oil shale and subsequent sulfonation.


oil company

After the war, the invaluable experience gained with mass production of the TP engines saw Davey Paxman in a favourable position to supply such units almost "off the shelf", a facility found to be of great value by oil companies engaged in well-drilling; [...].

1964 May, R. K. Evans, “The Ventura—Paxman's high-speed engine”, in Modern Railways, page 328:

A company that is dedicated to trade or exploitation of petroleum/oil. (This entry is a translation hub.)

石油公司

a company which trades, extracts or processes petroleum or oil


narrow-cut

(aviation, petrochemistry, of jet fuel) Composed of moderately-heavy hydrocarbons with boiling points in the kerosene range, without a significant proportion of lighter, gasoline-type hydrocarbons; Jet A is an example of a fuel of this type.


wide-cut

(aviation, petrochemistry, of jet fuel) Composed of a mixture of hydrocarbons with a wide range of boiling points, including both moderately-heavy, higher-boiling kerosene-type molecules and lighter, lower-boiling, more-volatile gasoline-type molecules; Jet B or JP-4 is a fuel of this type.


wax point

(petrochemistry) The temperature below which a hydrocarbon fuel such as kerosene ceases to flow freely due to components of the fuel freezing into solid waxes.


bunker oil

bunker oil (usually uncountable, plural bunker oils)

mechanical engineering
mechanical engineering

(mechanical engineering, petrochemistry, maritime) Synonym of bunker fuel.


bunker fuel

bunker fuel (usually uncountable, plural bunker fuels)

(mechanical engineering, petrochemistry, maritime) A type of extremely viscous, heavy fuel oil primarily used by large oceangoing ships.


asphaltane

(petrochemistry) polyaromatic compounds left from distillation of crude oil that are insoluble in pentane.