zealous

en-adj

zealous (comparative more zealous, superlative most zealous)

more zealous (comparative)
most zealous (superlative)

From Middle English zelose, from Latin zēlōsus, from zēlus + -ōsus, from Ancient Greek ζῆλος (zêlos, “zeal, jealousy”), from ζηλόω (zēlóō, “to emulate, to be jealous”). By surface analysis, zeal + -ous. Doublet of jealous.

der

I had almoſt forgotten to acquaint your honor, that one major Alford (who was in mr. Love's conſpiracy) was of the graund inqueſt at Saliſbury, and was very zealous in his highneſſe ſervice here, and his good affection and wiſe carriage here, did much advantage the buſſineſe.

1655 April 21, “Mr. Ja. Nutley to ſecreary Thurloe.”, in A Collection of the State Papers of John Thurloe, Eſq; […], volume III, London: […] the Executor of the late Mr. Fletcher Gyles; Thomas Woodward, […] Charles Davis, […], published 1742, page 399:

Johnson was truly zealous for the success of "The Adventurer;" and very soon after his engaging in it, he wrote the following letter:

1791, James Boswell, “(please specify the year)”, in The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. […], London: […] Henry Baldwin, for Charles Dilly, […], →OCLC:

Doubtless many will exclaim against the Roman Catholic Church for this; but the simple truth is that Protestantism was no less zealous against the new scientific doctrine.

1896, Andrew Dickson White, A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom, published 2004, page 122:

[…]and there were few more zealous dancers at the fashionable balls in the Raleigh Tavern at Williamsburg.

1940, Foster Rhea Dulles, America Learns to Play: A history of popular recreation, 1607-1940, page 61:

Newt Gingrich […]left Congress in 1998, following GOP midterm-election losses that many blamed on his zealous pursuit of Bill Clinton's impeachment.

2011 April 4, “Newt Gingrich”, in Time, retrieved 2013-09-09:

Full of zeal; ardent, fervent; exhibiting enthusiasm or strong passion.


wish

From Middle English wisshen, wischen, wüschen, from Old English wȳsċan (“to wish”), from Proto-West Germanic *wunskijan, from Proto-Germanic *wunskijaną (“to wish”), from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to wish, love”).
Cognate with Scots wis (“to wish”), Saterland Frisian wonskje (“to wish”), West Frisian winskje (“to wish”), Dutch wensen (“to wish”), German wünschen (“to wish”), Danish ønske (“to wish”), Icelandic æskja, óska (“to wish”), Latin Venus, veneror (“venerate, honour, love”).

if wishes were horses, beggars would ride

have a wish

make someone's wish come true

Send this message to six beings of your acquaintance, and your greatest wish shall come true!

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: IT COULD HAPPEN TO YOU!:

A desire, hope, or longing for something or for something to happen.

make a wish

LESTER: You believe in wishes? I mean, you believe they come true?
CHESTER: Nah. I believe in wishes, but I don't believe they come true. Not unless it's a real easy wish, like "I wish I was at a birthday party." But you gotta blow out all the candles, or else the wish don't come true. If one candle stays lit, you don't get your wish.

2004, George Carlin, When Will Jesus Bring the Pork Chops?, New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 237:

An expression of such a desire, often connected with ideas of magic and supernatural power.

My dearest wish is to see them happily married.

You have my best wishes.

"I suppose all old soldiers are the same," said Mrs White. "The idea of our listening to such nonsense! How could wishes be granted in these days? And if they could, how could two hundred pounds hurt you, father?" / "Might drop on his head from the sky," said the frivolous Herbert.


wish

en-verb

wish (third-person singular simple present wishes, present participle wishing, simple past and past participle wished)

wishes (present singular third-person)
wishing (participle present)
wished (participle past)
wished (past)

I'll come tomorrow, if you wish it.

Showing the population what we wish them to be is the best way for them to change.

2018 May 13, Justin King, “How to Fix the Storylines of Film and Television”, in Return of Kings:

I would not wish / Any companion in the world but you.

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

Now John the butler must be sent
To learn the road that Phyllis went:
The groom was wished to saddle Crop;
For John must neither light nor stop,
But find her, wheresoe'er she fled,
And bring her back alive or dead.

1716, Jonathan Swift, Phyllis, or the Progress of Love:

Yesterday, upon the stair / I met a man who wasn’t there / He wasn’t there again today / I wish, I wish he’d go away …

I wish he mean me well, that he takes so much pains!

1748, [Samuel Richardson], “Letter LXXXIV”, in Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to VII), London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC:

She hears that Miss Bigg is to be married in a fortnight. I wish it may be so.

(transitive, now rare) To hope (+ object clause with may or in present subjunctive).


cagey

en-adj

cagey (comparative cagier, superlative cagiest)

cagier (comparative)
cagiest (superlative)

Initially US colloquial, of unknown origin. A connection with the behavior of caged prisoners (wary and closed-lipped) and caged animals (wary) has been speculated. If correct, then equivalent to cage + -y.

John F Kennedy’s secret talks with Soviet intelligence, surreptitious tape recordings and “girlfriend system” create a new portrait of a cunning and cagey JFK, according to a historian who has researched a treasure trove of recently released recordings and papers of the late president.

2015 October 7, Alan Yuhas, “JFK: declassified documents reveal a cunning and cagey president”, in The Guardian:

Uncommunicative; unwilling or hesitant to give information.


zealot

Initially only found as Middle English zelote, an epithet of Simon the Zealot, acquiring its current senses in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Middle English derives from Latin zēlōtēs, from Ancient Greek ζηλωτής (zēlōtḗs, “emulator, zealous admirer, follower”), from ζῆλος (zêlos, “zeal, jealousy”), from ζηλόω (zēlóō, “to emulate, to be jealous”).

der

For Modes of Faith let graceleſs zealots fight; / His can't be wrong whoſe life is in the right:

1733, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Man. […], epistle III, London: Printed for J[ohn] Wilford, […], →OCLC, page 55, lines 305–306:

One who is zealous, one who is full of zeal for their own specific beliefs or objectives, usually in the negative sense of being too passionate; a fanatic.


peevish

en-adj

peevish (comparative more peevish, superlative most peevish)

more peevish (comparative)
most peevish (superlative)

From Middle English pevische, pevisse, pevysse, peivesshe, also peyuesshe, peeuish, of obscure origin. Perhaps from Middle English pew, pue (“a plaintive cry, the cry of a bird”), equivalent to pue + -ish. Cognate with Scots pevis, pevess, pevych, pevach (“peevish”), Scots pew, peu (“to cry in a plaintive manner”). See pue.
An alternative etymology derives Middle English peyvesshe (“capricious, silly”), as a possible corruption of Latin perversus (“perverted”). The meaning “fretful” develops in the 16th century.
A third suggestion links the word to classical Latin expavidus (“startled, shy”) (< ex- + pavidus) via an unrecorded variant with -ai- of Middle French espave (“stray [of animals]; foreign [of persons]; lost property, flotsam”) (first attested 1283 in Old French; Modern French épave). The semantic connection is thought to be the behaviour of stray animals. Compare -ish suffix.

der

stray 􂀿of animals􂁀; foreign 􂀿of persons􂁀; lost property, flotsam

The follest slouen ondyr heuen, / Prowde, peuiche, lyddyr, and lewde, / Malapert, medyllar, nothyng well thewde, […]

a. 1530 (date written), John Skelton, “Poems against Garnesche. Skelton Laureate Defendar ageinst Lusty Garnyshe Well Beseen Crystofer Chalangar, et cetera.”, in Alexander Dyce, editor, The Poetical Works of John Skelton: […], volume I, London: Thomas Rodd, […], published 1843, →OCLC, page 130, lines 145–147:

The foullest sloven under heaven, / Proud, peevish, lither, and lewd, / Malapert, meddler, nothing well thewed, […]

What a wretched and peevish fellow is this king of England, to mope with his fat-brained followers so far out of his knowledge!

1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vii]:

Why should a man whose blood is warme within, / Sit like his grandsire, cut in Alabaster? / […] And creep into the Iaundies / By beeing peeuish?

c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

I would rather figure things out on my own than ask that peevish librarian for help.

Bad-tempered, moody, cross, petulant, pettish

The word peevish among the vulgar of Scotland is used for niggardly, covetous; in the North of England, for witty, subtile.

1710, Thomas Ruddiman in Gawin Douglas, Virgil's Æneis, translated into Scottish verse (new edition), gloss (at cited word)

(obsolete, Northern England) Clever, expert.

[…] the ridge […] / […] defends you from the blust'ring north, / And bleak affliction of the peevish east.

1744, John Armstrong, The art of preserving health: A poem, book I, v. 285 ff:

Something has happened to sour February's temper. Such a peevish month.

1927, Lucy Maud Montgomery, Emily's Quest, page 174:

(obsolete, Canada, Northern England) Sharp, piercing, bitter (of the wind); windy, blustery (of the weather).

The Lords Supper and your peevish, popish private masse doe agree together..as the common proverbe is, like harpe and harrow, or like the hare and the hound.

1563, Thomas Becon, The displaying of the Popish masse (new edition, 1637), p. 299

(obsolete) Hateful, distasteful, horrid.


peevish

Be not peeuish fond in great designes. [1597 ‘pieuish, fond’; 1598 ‘peeuish, fond’; Malone conjectured ‘peevish-fond’, the reading adopted in many modern editions; the Arden edition prefers ‘peevish found’.].

c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv]:


ardent

en-adj

ardent (comparative more ardent, superlative most ardent)

more ardent (comparative)
most ardent (superlative)

First attested circa 14th century as Middle English ardaunt, borrowed from Anglo-Norman ardent and Old French ardant, from Latin ardentem, accusative of ardēns, present participle of ardeō (“I burn”).

This ardent exploration, absorbing all his energy and interest, made him forget for the moment the mystery of his heritage and the anomaly that cut him off from all his fellows.

1956, Arthur C. Clarke, The City and the Stars, page 43:

I see by your eagerness and the wonder and hope which your eyes express, my friend, that you expect to be informed of the secret with which I am acquainted; that cannot be; listen patiently until the end of my story, and you will easily perceive why I am reserved upon that subject. I will not lead you on, unguarded and ardent as I then was, to your destruction and infallible misery.

1818, Mary Shelley, chapter 4, in Frankenstein, archived from the original on 2011-10-30:

Nor gushing tears, nor ardent prayers, shall shake our firm decree.

1750, “Theodora”, Thomas Morell (lyrics), George Frideric Handel (music):

Full of ardor; expressing passion, spirit, or enthusiasm.


angst

Borrowed from German Angst or Danish angst; attested since the 19th century in English translations of the works of Søren Kierkegaard. Initially capitalized (as in German and contemporaneous Danish), the term first began to be written with a lowercase "a" around 1940–44. The German and Danish terms both derive from Middle High German angest, from Old High German angust, from Proto-Germanic *angustiz; Dutch angst is cognate. Compare Swedish ångest.

I've begun to regret that we'd ever met / Between the dimensions. / It gets such a strain to pretend that the change / Is anything but cheap. / With your infant pique and your angst pretensions / Sometimes you act like such a creep.

Harry's adolescence is theatrical and gaudy, and many of its key scenes have a lurid and camp quality that is appropriate to the exaggerated mood-shifting and self-dramatizing of teen angst.

2007, Martyn Bone, Perspectives on Barry Hannah, page 3:


haw

From Middle English ha (interjection). Compare Old Norse há (interjection), Middle Low German ha, hā (interjection), Old High German aha, hei (interjection).

You think that song was good? Haw!

The bitter laugh laughs at that which is not good, it is the ethical laugh. The hollow laugh laughs at that which is not true, it is the intellectual laugh. Not good! Not true! Well well. But the mirthless laugh is the dianoetic laugh, down the snout — Haw! — so.

1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Grove Press, published 1959, →OCLC:

An imitation of laughter, often used to express scorn or disbelief. Often doubled or tripled (haw haw or haw haw haw).


emo

en-noun

emo (countable and uncountable, plural emos)

(uncountable, music) A particular style of hardcore punk rock

(uncountable, music) Any form of guitar-driven alternative rock that is particularly or notably emotional


emo

en-adj

emo (comparative more emo, superlative most emo)

more emo (comparative)
most emo (superlative)

(often derogatory) Emotional; sensitive.

Criticism drapes a black velvet cape across the puddle that interrupts the path to change, to be emo about it.


fanatic

fanatic (comparative more fanatic, superlative most fanatic)

more fanatic (comparative)
most fanatic (superlative)

First attested in 1525. From Latin fānāticus (“of a temple, divinely inspired, frenzied”), from fānum (“temple”). Influenced by French fanatique.

uder

But Faith, fanatic Faith, once wedded fast / To some dear falsehood, hugs it to the last.


delight

en-noun

delight (countable and uncountable, plural delights)

Attested from the 13th century, from Middle English delite, from Old French deleiter, deliter, from Latin dēlectāre (“to delight, please”), frequentative of dēlicere (“to allure, entice”), from dē- (“away”) + laciō (“I lure, I deceive”), from Proto-Italic *lakjō (“to draw, pull”), of unknown ultimate origin. Doublet of delect. Related with delectation, delicate, delicious and dilettante. The modern unetymological spelling (instead of expected delite) is influenced by light and other words ending in -ight, such as might, bright, etc. The -gh- may also be an attempt to represent the Latin -c-; compare obsolete indight for indict.

A fool hath no delight in understanding.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 18:2:

[…] the isle is full of noises,
Sounds and sweet airs, that give delight and hurt not.

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

At any other time Jessamy would have laughed at the expressions that chased each other over his freckled face: crossness left over from his struggle with the baby; incredulity; distress; and finally delight.

1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published 1993, →ISBN, page 122:

From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts. For mariners leaving the port after lonely nights on the high seas, the delights of the B52 Night Club and Stallion Pub lie a stumble away.

2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:


passionate

en-adj

passionate (comparative more passionate, superlative most passionate)

more passionate (comparative)
most passionate (superlative)

From Middle English passionat, from Medieval Latin passionatus, past participle of passionare (“to be affected with passion”); see passion.

Mandy is a passionate lover.

Given to strong feeling, sometimes romantic, sexual, or both.


eros

en-noun

eros (usually uncountable, plural erotes)

From Ancient Greek ἔρως (érōs, “love, desire”).

derived

He would introduce her to the wonders of eros; she would bloom under his expert tutelage.

2008, Preeta Samarasan, Evening is the Whole Day, Fourth Estate, page 54:


friendship

en-noun

friendship (countable and uncountable, plural friendships)

From Middle English frendshipe, from Old English frēondsċiepe, from Proto-West Germanic *friundskapi. Equivalent to friend + -ship.


beloved

en-adj

beloved (comparative more beloved, superlative most beloved)

more beloved (comparative)
most beloved (superlative)

From Middle English beloved, biloved, equivalent to belove + -ed.

But I found at laſt, by hearing and conſidering of things that are Divine, which indeed I heard of you, as alſo of beloved Faithful, that was put to death for his Faith and good-living in Vanity-fair, That the end of these things is death. [Rom[ans] 6. 21, 22, 23.] And that for theſe things ſake, the wrath of God cometh upon the children of diſobedience. [Eph[esians] 5. 6.]

1678, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress from This World, to That which is to Come: […], London: […] Nath[aniel] Ponder […], →OCLC, pages 187–188:

When the Toy had once taken Jupiter in the Head to Enter into a State of Matrimony, he Reſolv'd for the Honour of his Celeſtial Lady, that the whole World ſhould keep a Feſtiual upon the Day of his Marriage, and ſo Invited all Living Creatures, Tag-Rag and Bob-Tail, to the Solemnity to his Wedding. They all came in very Good Time, ſaving the Tortoiſe. Jupiter […] Ask'd him, Why ſo Late? Why truly ſays the Tortoiſe, I was at Home, at my Own Houſe, my Dearly Beloved Houſe, and [Home is Home, let it be never ſo Homely.]

1692, Roger L’Estrange, “[The Fables of Æsop, &c.] Fab[le] CLXXXV. Jupiters Wedding.”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC, page 155:

It is ſcarce poſſible to imagine the Conſternation I was now in, being driven from my beloved Iſland (for ſo it appeared to me now to be) into the wide Ocean, almoſt two Leagues, and in the utmoſt Deſpair of ever recovering it again.

1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC, pages 164–165:

There was a youthe, and a well-beloved youthe, / And he was a ſquires ſon: / He loved the bayliffes daughter deare, / That lived in Iſlington.

1765, Thomas Percy, compiler, “The Bailiff’s Daughter of Islington”, in Reliques of Ancient English Poetry: […], volume III, London: […] J[ames] Dodsley […], →OCLC, book II, page 133, lines 1–4:

The vacuum brake, much beloved by English- (though not Scottish-) built or inspired railways, but little favoured elsewhere.

1964 March, “Train braking - the next steps”, in Modern Railways, page 186:

In yonder corner your little chair, / where you often sat at my knee, / singing your sweet murmuring hymns, / my belovèd child!

2014, Niall MacLeòid, “The Death of the Widow's Child”, in Meg Bateman, Anne Loughran, editors, Bàird Ghleann Dail = The Glendale Bards: A Selection of Songs and Poems by Niall MacLeòid (1843–1913), ‘The Bard of Skye’, His Brother Ian Dubh (1847–1901) and Their Father Dòmhnall nan Òran (c. 1787–1873), Edinburgh: John Donald, →ISBN, verse 4:


ornery

ornery (comparative ornerier, superlative orneriest)

ornerier (comparative)
orneriest (superlative)

A contracted or dialectal pronunciation of ordinary. Sense 3 (“ordinary, commonplace”) was the earliest sense; the meaning of the word then shifted to “inferior, plain-looking, unpleasant”—presumably due to ordinariness—and finally to sense 1 (“disagreeable, stubborn, and troublesome to deal with”).

Seemingly here was an intruder who was violating custom. Moreover, the partners had come to look upon this exceedingly rich district as their exclusive property. And so their indignation was extreme. "The low-down, ornery cuss!" said Dobbs. "The nerve of him, crowdin' in on us, just as if there wasn't lots of other places for him to go!"

1922 November 25, A[rthur] M[urray] Chisholm, “A Thousand a Plate. Chapter II.”, in Western Story Magazine, volume XXX, number 4, New York, N.Y.: Street & Smith, →OCLC, page 90, column 2:

Through Michael sped the thought: 'Could I make her jealous?' And he was shocked at it. A low-down thought—mean and ornery!

1924 October, John Galsworthy, “Sleuth”, in The White Monkey, London: William Heinemann, published November 1924, →OCLC, part II, page 196:

I ain't sayin' I don't share your sentiments, Buck, but you're a born fool. First place Luke would kill the Kid in a gun-fight. Second place if Luke did get shot he's got two brothers just as ornery as he is, and if Ike Plummer didn't kill the Kid then Hank Plummer would.

1939 February 2, Dudley Nichols, Stagecoach (motion picture), spoken by Marshal Curley Wilcox (George Bancroft), Hollywood, Los Angeles, Calif.: United Artists, →OCLC:

[“S]he was a girl and girls are less ornery than boys. Though I guess Mim was ornery in her way. Once she got to be sixteen, she put my parents through hell.” / “Grandpa, what’s ‘ornery’?” / “Oh, you know. Mean. Contrary. Rebellious.” / “Like Daddy?” / “I don’t think of your daddy as ornery, just, what‘s the word?—very uptight about things. People get to him more than they do to most people.”

1990, John Updike, “FL”, in Rabbit at Rest (A Borzoi Book), New York, N.Y.: Alfred A[braham] Knopf, →ISBN, page 77:

After a lifetime of being sweet as pie, once Grandpa died, she got kinda ornery.

2013 January 20, Richard Linklater, Julie Delpy, Ethan Hawke, Before Midnight (motion picture), spoken by Jesse (Ethan Hawke), New York, N.Y.: Sony Pictures Classics, →OCLC:

But in many instances, the complainers are not just being ornery [about noisy eating]; they could have a condition called misophonia, in which one experiences strong negative feelings to specific sounds—like the proverbial nails on a chalkboard.

2020 May 25, Abby Ellin, “Couples who eat together may not stay together”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-05-17:

(originally and chiefly US, especially Appalachia, informal) Disagreeable, stubborn, and troublesome to deal with; cantankerous.

مُشَاكِس

disagreeable, stubborn, and troublesome to deal with — see also cantankerous


coward

From Middle English coward, from Old French coart, cuard ( > French couard), from coue (“tail”), coe + -ard (pejorative agent noun suffix); coue, coe is in turn from Latin cauda. The reference seems to be to an animal "turning tail", or having its tail between its legs, especially a dog. Compare the expression tail between one's legs. Unrelated to English cower. Displaced native Old English earg (surviving in northern dialect English argh).

Cowards dye many times before their deaths, / The valiant neuer taſte of death but once: […]

c. 1599, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Ivlivs Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies, London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, act II, scene ii, page 117, column 1:

1856: Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, Part II Chapter IV, translated by Eleanor Marx-Aveling
He tortured himself to find out how he could make his declaration to her, and always halting between the fear of displeasing her and the shame of being such a coward, he wept with discouragement and desire. Then he took energetic resolutions, wrote letters that he tore up, put it off to times that he again deferred.

gyáva (alak)

it is an adjective so it rarely stands alone in the sense of a noun


servility

en-noun

servility (countable and uncountable, plural servilities)

Yossarian went along in Milo Minderbinder's speeding M & M staff car to police headquarters to meet a swarthy, untidy police commissioner with a narrow black mustache and unbuttoned tunic who was fiddling with a stout woman with warts and two chins when they entered his office and who greeted Milo with warm surprise and bowed and scraped in obscene servility as though Milo were some elegant marquis.

1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “The Eternal City”, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 425:


yond

From Middle English onde (“malice, ill-will”), from Old English onda, anda (“envy, jealousy; hatred, anger”).

der

Emongst the shepheard swaynes, then wexeth wood & yond

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 40:


fray

en-verb

fray (third-person singular simple present frays, present participle fraying, simple past and past participle frayed)

frays (present singular third-person)
fraying (participle present)
frayed (participle past)
frayed (past)
fray (infinitive)

From Late Middle English fraien (“to attack, invade; to make an attack; to brawl, fight; to make a loud noise (?); to frighten, terrify; to be frightened of (something), fear”), an aphetic variant of affraien (“to attack, invade; to harass; to brawl, fight; to riot; to reproach; to frighten, terrify; to be frightened of (something), fear; to alarm, disturb; to arouse, awaken, excite”) (whence affray), from Anglo-Norman affraier, afrayer (“to frighten, terrify; to disquiet; to disturb”) [and other forms], a variant of effreier, esfreier [and other forms], and Old French effreer, esfreer (“to frighten, scare; to be afraid”) [and other forms] (modern French effrayer), from Vulgar Latin *exfridāre, from Latin ex- (prefix indicating privation) + Frankish *friþu (“peace”) (from Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace, tranquility; refuge, sanctuary”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *preyH- (“to love; to please”)).

nb...

afraer, afraier, afreier, affraer, affreer

der

VVhat, are the turtles fraid out of their neaſts?

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act V, scene ii:

And the carkeiſes of this people ſhall be meate for the fowles of the heauen, and for the beaſts of the earth, and none ſhall fray them away.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 7:33, column 1:

It [the basilisk] frayeth avvay other Serpents vvith the hiſſing.

1626, [Samuel] Purchas, “Relations of the Regions and Religions in Africa. […]”, in Purchas His Pilgrimes. […], 5th part, London: […] William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, […], →OCLC, 6th book, § III (Of Crocodiles, Serpents, and Other Strange Creatures), page 624:

Beſides, all the vvit and Philoſophy in the vvorld can never demonſtrate, that the killing and ſlaughtering of a Beaſt is any more then the ſtriking of a Buſh vvhere a birds Neſt is, vvhere you fray avvay the Bird, and then ſeize upon the empty Neſt.

1653, Henry More, “The Usefullnesse of Animalls an Argument of Divine Providence”, in An Antidote against Atheisme, or An Appeal to the Natural Faculties of the Minde of Man, whether There Be Not a God, London: […] Roger Daniel, […], →OCLC, book I, page 77:

Whoso casteth a stone at the birds frayeth them away; and he that upbraideth his friend, breaketh friendship.

1711 May 29 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison; Richard Steele et al.], “FRIDAY, May 18, 1711”, in The Spectator, number 68; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume I, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 415:

Hovv fares it vvith him in the court of conſcience? […] Can he fray off the vultur from his breaſt, that night and day is gnavving his heart, and vvounding it vvith ghaſtly and amazing reflexions?

a. 1717 (date written), Robert South, “Sermon VII. Romans xii. 18.”, in Five Additional Volumes of Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions. […], volume X, London: […] Charles Bathurst, […], published 1744, →OCLC, page 232:

A murrain on thy voice! it is enough to fray every hawk from the perch.

1825 June 22, [Walter Scott], chapter VII, in Tales of the Crusaders. […], volume II (The Betrothed), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co., →OCLC, page 187:

[T]he many checks and reverses which belong to the common course of human life fray it away from present scenes, and either send it back in pensive recollections of past pleasures, or forwards in anticipation of a bright futurity.

1829, [Isaac Taylor], “Section I. Enthusiasm, Secular and Religious.”, in Natural History of Enthusiasm, London: Holdsworth and Ball, →OCLC, page 4:

Often followed by away, off, or out: to frighten or scare (someone or something) away.

(intransitive)
To be afraid or frightened; to fear.


fray

en-noun

fray (countable and uncountable, plural frays)

From Late Middle English frai (“an assault, attack; a brawl, fight; disturbance, uproar; fine for assault or breach of the peace”), an aphetic variant of affrai, effrai (“an assault, attack; a brawl, fight; disturbance, uproar; public disturbance, riot; dismay; fear; something frightening”), then:
* from affraien (verb); and
* from Anglo-Norman affrai, affrei [and other forms], a variant of effray, effrei, esfrei, esfroi, Middle French effray, esfroi, and Old French effrei, esfrei, esfroi (“breach of the peace, disturbance; noise; dread, terror”) (modern French effroi (“(literary) dread, terror”)), from Old French effreer, esfreer (verb).
See further at etymology 2.

cog

Thus that fray vvas over, and vve came aſhore again: recovered of the fright vve had been in.

1699, William Dampier, Voyages and Descriptions. Vol. II. […], London: […] James Knapton, […], →OCLC, part I (His Voyage from Achin in Sumatra, to Tonquin, […]), page 148:

(except Scotland, uncountable) Fright, terror; (countable) an instance of this.


arrogance

en-noun

arrogance (usually uncountable, plural arrogances)

/ˈæɹ.ə.ɡəns/

From Middle English arrogaunce, from Middle French arrogance, from Latin arrogantia.

The state of being arrogant; a type of extreme or foolish pride in which someone feels much superior to another.

arrogancë

act or habit of arrogating, or making undue claims in an overbearing manner

arogancija, išdidumas, pasipūtimas, akiplėšiškumas


consternation

consternation (countable and uncountable, plural consternations)

From French consternation, from Latin consternātiō.

"Out!" exclaimed her husband, with something like genuine consternation in his voice.

Their audience had been listening in increasing consternation.

2003, Terrance Dicks, Barry Letts, chapter 17, in Deadly Reunion:

It was probably worth four millennia of consternation and regret.

February 27, 2006, Chuck Klosterman, “Invention's New Mother”, in Esquire:

Amazement or horror that confounds the faculties, and incapacitates for reflection; terror, combined with amazement; dismay.

սարսափ

amazement or horror; terror, combined with amazement; dismay


crabby

en-adj

crabby (comparative crabbier, superlative crabbiest)

crabbier (comparative)
crabbiest (superlative)

"You're not crabby, are you?" "No, no, not at all. I think I'll go."

1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

Visibly irritated or annoyed; grouchy, irritable, in a foul mood; given to complaining or finding fault in an annoyed way.


cranky

cranky (comparative crankier, superlative crankiest)

crankier (comparative)
crankiest (superlative)

From crank + -y. Compare Middle Low German krankich (“sickly, unwell”).

cog

We had seven canoes, all of them dugouts. One was small, one was cranky, and two were old, waterlogged, and leaky. The other three were good.

1914, Theodore Roosevelt, Through the Brazilian Wilderness: The River of Doubt:

Margaret Cerullo gave a rousing speech, despite the pesky interruptions of a cranky sound system.

1987 December 6, Kris Kleindienst, “Sex On The Table”, in Gay Community News, volume 15, number 21, page 6:

(of a machine, etc.) Not in good working condition.


blithe

en-adj

blithe (comparative blither, superlative blithest)

blither (comparative)
blithest (superlative)

From Middle English blithe (“glad, happy, joyful; causing joy, joyous; gentle, mild; gracious, merciful; bright, shining; beautiful, fair”) [and other forms], from Old English blīþe (“happy, gentle”), from Proto-West Germanic *blīþī, from Proto-Germanic *blīþiz (“friendly; gentle, mild; pleasing”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlī- (“fine; light; pleasant”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“shiny; white”).

nb...

blide, bligh, bliht, blith, bliðe, bliþ, bliþe, bliȝe, blyde, blyth, blythe, blyþe

der

And now ſweet Emperour be blithe againe,
And bury all thy feare in my deuiſes.

c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv], page 47, column 2:

There on Beds of Violets blew,
And freſh-blown Roſes waſht in dew,
Fill'd her with thee a daughter fair,
So buckſom, blith, and debonair.

a. 1645, John Milton, “L’Allegro”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], published 1646, →OCLC, page 31:

For that fair femal Troop thou ſawſt, that ſeemd
Of Goddeſſes, ſo blithe, ſo ſmooth, ſo gay,
Yet empty of good wherein conſiſts,
Womans domeſtic honour and chief praiſe; […]

1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 610–613:

Shou'd he return, that troop ſo blithe and bold,
With purple robes inwrought, and ſtiff with gold,
Precipitant in fear, wou'd wing their flight,
And curſe their cumbrous pride's unwieldy weight.

1725, Homer, “Book I”, in [Elijah Fenton], transl., The Odyssey of Homer. […], volume I, London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC, page 26, lines 211–214:

But not more blythe than sylvan court,
Than we have been at humbler sport;
Though small our pomp, and mean our game,
Our mirth, dear Marriot, was the same.

1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “Introduction to Canto Second: To the Rev. John Marriot, M.A.”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC, page 63:

Tarry, tarry, ye wha were aye sae blythe to be at the meetings of the saints, and wad ride every muir in Scotland to find a conventicle.

1816, Jedadiah Cleishbotham [pseudonym; Walter Scott], chapter IV, in Tales of My Landlord, […], volume III (Old Mortality), Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for William Blackwood, […]; London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, pages 85–86:

Hail to thee, blithe spirit!
Bird thou never wert,
That from heaven, or near it,
Pourest thy full heart
In profuse strains of unpremeditated art.

1820 June (date written), Percy Bysshe Shelley, “To a Skylark”, in Prometheus Unbound […], London: C[harles] and J[ames] Ollier […], published 1820, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 201:

He looked so irresistibly pleasant, in a word, that three or four good-humoured fellows said, "Good morning, sir! A merry Christmas to you!" And Scrooge said often afterwards, that of all the blithe sounds he had ever heard, those were the blithest in his ears.

1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “Stave Five. The End of It.”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 158:

I was feeling blithe, almost jocund.

1876 June, Mark Twain, “The Facts Concerning the Recent Carnival of Crime in Connecticut”, in The Atlantic:

To-night, however, she was even in a blither mood than usual. There was a dreaminess, a preoccupation, an exaltation, in the maternal look which the girl could not understand.

1891, Thomas Hardy, chapter III, in Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented […], volume I, London: James R[ipley] Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., […], →OCLC, phase the first (The Maiden), page 31:

(chiefly Scotland, elsewhere dated or literary) Cheerful, happy.

无所谓

cheerful, happy — see also cheerful, happy


elation

en-noun

elation (countable and uncountable, plural elations)

From Middle English elacioun, from Old French elacion, from Latin ēlātiōnem, accusative singular of ēlātiō (“exaltation, elevation; pride, elation”), from ēlātus, perfect passive participle of efferō (“bring forth or out; raise; exalt”), from ē (“out of”), short form of ex, + ferō (“carry, bear”).

She [Chloe Kelly] waited for confirmation of the goal before taking off her shirt and waving it around her head, while being lifted by her team-mates in a moment of pure elation.

2022 July 31, Emma Sanders, “England 2-1 Germany”, in BBC Sport:


exultation

exultation (countable and uncountable, plural exultations)

/ˌɛɡzʌlˈteɪʃən/

From Middle English exultacion, from Old French exultacion, from Latin exsultātiō, exsultātiōnem.

Strange that this idea carried with it something of exultation! so much does the pride of man rejoice in aught that marks him from his fellows, and little does it seem to matter whether that mark be for good or for evil.

1832, Letitia Elizabeth Landon, Heath's Book of Beauty, 1833, The Talisman, pages 65–66:

The act of exulting; great joy at success or victory, or at any advantage gained; rapturous delight


fearless

en-adj

fearless (comparative more fearless, superlative most fearless)

more fearless (comparative)
most fearless (superlative)

"Our fearless reporter"... I'm not fearless, John. I don't like this.

1990, House of Cards, season 1, episode 3:


enrage

en-verb

enrage (third-person singular simple present enrages, present participle enraging, simple past and past participle enraged)

enrages (present singular third-person)
enraging (participle present)
enraged (participle past)
enraged (past)

From Old French enrager, enragier, from rage. Equivalent to en- + rage.

(transitive) To fill with rage; to outrage; to provoke to frenzy; to make furious.


enthusiastic

en-adj

enthusiastic (comparative more enthusiastic, superlative most enthusiastic)

more enthusiastic (comparative)
most enthusiastic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek ἐνθουσιαστικός (enthousiastikós), from either ἐνθουσιασμός (enthousiasmós) or ἐνθουσιάζω (enthousiázō) + -τικός (-tikós).

der

ἐνθουσιαστικός

an enthusiastic lover of art

a young man […] of a visionary and enthusiastic character

1824, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], Tales of a Traveller, (please specify |part=1 to 4), Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea, […], →OCLC:

With zealous fervor; excited, motivated.

Relating to enthusiasm, or divine possession.


disquiet

en-noun

disquiet (countable and uncountable, plural disquiets)

My journey had been my own suggestion, and Elizabeth therefore acquiesced, but she was filled with disquiet at the idea of my suffering, away from her, the inroads of misery and grief.

1818, anonymous [Mary Shelley], Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, London: Printed for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, →OCLC:

Every house has its skeleton in it somewhere, and it may be a comfort to some unhappy folks to think that the luckier and most wealthy of their neighbours have their miseries and causes of disquiet.

1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 24, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:

I wish to say in regard to the alleged matter of disquiet in this Church, that when I received the postal card that was sent, I suppose, to all the clergy of the Church, I could not but feel in my heart that the three distinguished gentlemen who signed that postal card, or whose names were attached to it, and put it forth, were disquieting the Church much more than the Prayer-Book.

1874, Debates of the House of Deputies in the General Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America, Held in New York City, October, A.D. 1874, as Reported for “The Churchman,” by D. F. Murphy & Co., Hartford, Conn.: M. H. Mallory and Company, Printers, →OCLC, page 290:

Lack of quiet; absence of tranquility in body or mind


despicable

en-adj

despicable (comparative more despicable, superlative most despicable)

more despicable (comparative)
most despicable (superlative)

From Late Latin dēspicābilis, from Latin dēspicor, a variant of dēspiciō (“I despise”), from de (“down”) + speciō (“I look at, behold”). First attested in the 1550s. Equivalent to despise + -able.

The physical penis is consumed by despicable fish, animals of the turgid depths, but the higher phallus, the image of resurrection through the goddess, is fashioned as a sacred icon.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 234:

Fit or deserving to be despised; contemptible; mean.


woe

woe (comparative more woe, superlative most woe)

more woe (comparative)
most woe (superlative)

From Middle English wo, wei, wa, from Old English wā, wǣ, from Proto-West Germanic *wai, from Proto-Germanic *wai (interjection), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wáy (interjection).
See also Dutch wee, German Weh, weh, Danish ve, Yiddish וויי (vey); also Latin vae, Albanian vaj, French ouais, Ancient Greek οὐαί (ouaí), Persian وای (vây) (Turkish vay, a Persian borrowing), Proto-Slavic *uvy (whence Russian увы́ (uvý)), and Armenian վայ (vay).

hys clerk was wo to do þat dede

And looking vp, when as his shield he lakt, / And sword saw not, he wexed wondrous woe

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 53:

Prospero: I am woe for't, Sir.

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i], page 17:


dismay

en-verb

dismay (third-person singular simple present dismays, present participle dismaying, simple past and past participle dismayed)

dismays (present singular third-person)
dismaying (participle present)
dismayed (participle past)
dismayed (past)

From Middle English dismayen, from Anglo-Norman *desmaiier, alteration of Old French esmaier (“to frighten”), probably from Vulgar Latin *exmagare (“to deprive (someone) of strength, to disable”), from ex- + *magare (“to enable, empower”), from Proto-Germanic *maginą, *maganą (“might, power”), from Proto-Indo-European *megʰ- (“to be able”).
Akin to Old High German magan, megin (“power, might, main”), Old English mæġen (“might, main”), Old High German magan, mugan (“to be powerful, able”), Old English magan (“to be able”). Cognate with Portuguese desmaiar (“to faint”) and Spanish esmayar. See also Portuguese esmagar, Spanish amagar. More at main, may.

cog

Be not afraid, neither be thou dismayed.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Josh i:9:

What words be these? What fears do you dismay?

1600, [Torquato Tasso], “(please specify |book=1 to 20)”, in Edward Fairefax [i.e., Edward Fairfax], transl., Godfrey of Bulloigne, or The Recouerie of Ierusalem. […], London: […] Ar[nold] Hatfield, for I[saac] Iaggard and M[atthew] Lownes, →OCLC:

To cause to feel apprehension; great sadness, or fear; to deprive of energy


eager

en-adj

eager (comparative more eager, superlative most eager)

more eager (comparative)
most eager (superlative)

From Middle English egre, eger, from Old French egre (French aigre), from Latin acer (“sharp, keen”); see acid, acerb, etc. Compare vinegar, alegar.

gold itself will be sometimes so eager, (as artists call it), that it will as little endure the hammer as glass itself

1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], chapter 2, in An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC:

(dated) Brittle; inflexible; not ductile.


frustration

en-noun

frustration (countable and uncountable, plural frustrations)

From Latin frūstrātiō (“disappointment”), related to frūstrā (“in vain”). By surface analysis, frustrate + -ion.

The act of frustrating, or the state, or an instance of being frustrated.

(law) The state of contract that allows a party to back away from its contractual obligations due to (unforeseen) radical changes to the nature of the thing a party has been obligated to.

Frustration

exact concept may not exist in German law


glee

glee (countable and uncountable, plural glees)

From Middle English gle, from Old English glēo, glīġ, glēow, glīw (“glee, pleasure, mirth, play, sport; music; mockery”), from Proto-West Germanic *glīw, from Proto-Germanic *glīwą (“joy, mirth”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰlew- (“to joke, make fun, enjoy”).
Cognate with Scots gle, glie, glew (“game, play, sport, mirth, joy, rejoicing, entertainment, melody, music”), Icelandic glý (“joy, glee, gladness”), Ancient Greek χλεύη (khleúē, “joke, jest, scorn”). A poetic word in Middle English, the word was obsolete by 1500, but revived late 18c.

cog

I watched with glee while your kings and queens fought for ten decades for the gods they made.

1968, “Sympathy for the Devil”, in The Rolling Stones (music), Beggars Banquet:

Even without hovering drones, a lurking assassin, a thumping score and a denouement, the real-life story of Edward Snowden, a rogue spy on the run, could be straight out of the cinema. But, as with Hollywood, the subplots and exotic locations may distract from the real message: America’s discomfort and its foes’ glee.

2013 June 29, “Travels and travails”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 55:

(uncountable) Joy; happiness; great delight, especially from one's own good fortune or from another's misfortune.

بَهْجَة

Joy; merriment; mirth; gayety; particularly, the mirth enjoyed at a feast


furious

en-adj

furious (comparative more furious, superlative most furious)

more furious (comparative)
most furious (superlative)

/ˈfjʊə.ɹɪəs/

From Middle English furious, from Old French furieus, from Latin furiōsus. Displaced native Old English hātheort (literally “hot-hearted”).

ncog

a furious stream; a furious wind or storm

Rushing with impetuosity; moving with violence.


anthophobia

He must be gaga to have forgotten what she said the last time about her strange anthophobia (somehow stemming from that debauche à trois thirty years ago). Roses she never liked anyway.

1969, Vladimir Nabokov, Ada or Ardor, Penguin, published 2011, page 435:


fright

en-adj

fright (comparative more fright, superlative most fright)

more fright (comparative)
most fright (superlative)

Probably short for affright, from Middle English afright, from Old English āfyrht, past participle of āfyrhtan (“to make afraid; terrify”).

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-fright.wav

Don't be fright, it is not so impossible as it seems.

1946, Sydney Sïrdani, Don't be Fright: Radio Magic, page 10:

Don't be fright, I'm not going to hurt you.

He had a great heavy jaw and shoulders like an ox and bore no resemblance to Maurice Leonard. 'Come along, lad,' the sergeant said. 'Come along. Don't be fright. It's what you're here for now, ain't it?'


frighten

en-verb

frighten (third-person singular simple present frightens, present participle frightening, simple past and past participle frightened)

frightens (present singular third-person)
frightening (participle present)
frightened (participle past)
frightened (past)

From Middle English fryghten, equivalent to fright + -en.

Avery puts a sheet over her head, pretending to be a ghost to frighten Emily.

His Deſign was only to frighten France, and get more Money.

1746, Isaac Kimber, “Henry VII”, in The History of England, from the Earliest Accounts to the Accession of His Present Majesty King George II. […] , page 217:

You may frighten a pig, a goose, a frog, and even a fly, but you cannot frighten or surprise a sloth.

1883, Felix Leopold Oswald, “A Step-child of Nature”, in Zoological Sketches[:] A Contribution to the Out-door Study of Natural History, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., page 90:

And he commanded his soldiers […] to frighten them with fierce swords, but the hearts of the holy men did not quail, and they were unable to alter their words.

1928, E. A. Wallis Budge, transl., The Book of the Saints of the Ethiopian Church[:] A translation of the Ethiopic Synaxarium […] , volume 1, London: Cambridge University Press, page 220:

(transitive) To cause to feel fear; to scare; to cause to feel alarm or fright.


jubilation

en-noun

jubilation (countable and uncountable, plural jubilations)

From Old French jubilacion, from Latin iūbilātiō (“a shouting for joy”). Cognate with Spanish jubilación (“retirement”).

The final whistle triggered scenes of wild jubilation at Eden Park as a nation celebrated a repeat of the outcome from the very first World Cup final in 1987.

2011 October 23, Tom Fordyce, “2011 Rugby World Cup final: New Zealand 8-7 France”, in BBC Sport:

A triumphant shouting; rejoicing; exultation.


intimidate

en-verb

intimidate (third-person singular simple present intimidates, present participle intimidating, simple past and past participle intimidated)

intimidates (present singular third-person)
intimidating (participle present)
intimidated (participle past)
intimidated (past)

From Medieval Latin intimidatus, past participle of intimidō (“to make afraid”), from Latin in- (“in”) + timidus (“afraid, timid”); see timid.

He's trying to intimidate you. If you ignore him, hopefully he'll stop.

His father tried to intimidate his son into staying, threatening him with banishment and a possible beating.

2018, Nnedi Okorafor, Who Fears Death, HarperVoyager, page 168:

(transitive) To make timid or afraid; to cause to feel fear or nervousness; to deter, especially by threats of violence.


acrophobia

en-noun

acrophobia (countable and uncountable, plural acrophobias)

You know, being elevated to the position of Chairman has given me rather a bad attack of acrophobia.

1888, Association of American Railroads Accounting Division, Association of American Railroads, Accounting Division, Report of the Railway Accounting Officers:

But it's no place for anyone with acrophobia, what with its myriad drop-offs and switchbacks.

1956, Information Access Company, ProQuest Direct, Road and Track:

You know, acrophobia? I get nervous just standing this close to the edge.

Acrophobia describes an intense fear of heights that can cause significant anxiety and panic.

2019 March 27, Understanding Acrophobia, or Fear of Heights:

The definition of acrophobia is, simply put, a phobia of heights.

2019 September 12, Rosemary Black, Acrophobia (The Fear of Heights): Are You Acrophobic?:

Acrophobia is a persistent and intense fear of heights. People with acrophobia will experience panic and sudden anxiety in a variety of situations involving heights.

2021 March 3, Sarah Bence, Steven Gans, MD (medical reviewer), What Is Acrophobia?:

Acrophobia is an intense fear of heights. If a person has acrophobia, being high up or thinking about heights may cause them to have a panic attack.

2020 July 27, What to know about acrophobia:

phobia or strong fear of being high above ground level

höjdskräck

possibly less severe/pathological, like "fear of heights"


claustrophobia

claustrophobia (usually uncountable, plural claustrophobias)

From Latin claustrum (“a shut-in place”), from claudō (“I shut, close; I imprison, confine”) + -phobia. First attested in the British Medical Journal.


hater

→ Russian: хейтер (xejter)

From Middle English hatere, equivalent to hate + -er. Compare Old English hetend, hettend (“enemy”, literally “hater”). Cognate with Dutch hater (“hater”), German Hasser, Hässer (“hater”), Danish hader (“hater”), Swedish hatare (“hater”), Icelandic hatari (“hater”).

(slang, derogatory) One who expresses unfounded or inappropriate hatred or dislike, particularly if motivated by envy.


humiliation

humiliation (countable and uncountable, plural humiliations)

From Middle French humiliation, from Late Latin humiliatio, from humiliare (“to humiliate”); see humiliate.

Loving and beloved by him, how different would her destiny have been! An utter sense of desolation came over her; a terror of the future, an overwhelming agony in the present. That he, of all others, should be the one to witness her humiliation!

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Season”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 2:

One morning Mr. and Mrs. Lincoln were having breakfast when Lincoln did something that aroused the fiery temper of his wife. What, no one remembers now. But Mrs. Lincoln, in a rage, dashed a cup of hot coffee into her husband's face. And she did it in front of the other boarders.
 Saying nothing, Lincoln sat there in humiliation and silence while Mrs. Early came with a wet towel and wiped off his face and clothes.

1936, Dale Carnegie, “Part 6, Chapter 1. HOW TO DIG YOUR MARITAL GRAVE IN THE QUICKEST POSSIBLE WAY.”, in How to Win Friends and Influence People, page 264:

They listened to the sound of Fanny’s retreating footsteps. ‘Well, well!’ said Marcus. ‘Oh, take no notice Jess. You know what our Frances Maud is like! It’s nothing to cry about!’ To her humiliation Jessamy found there were tears trickling down her cheeks.

1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published 1993, →ISBN, page 48:

The state of being humiliated, humbled or reduced to lowliness or submission.

прыніжэ́нне

the state of being humiliated, humbled or reduced to lowliness or submission


mirth

mirth (usually uncountable, plural mirths)

From Middle English merth, myrthe, murhthe, from Old English mergþ, mirgþ, myrgþ (“mirth, joy”), from Proto-West Germanic *murgiþu (“briefness, brevity”); equivalent to merry + -th. Cognate with Middle Dutch merchte (“pleasure, joy, delight”).

cog

But sorrow that is couch'd in seeming gladness
Is like that mirth fate turns to sudden sadness.

c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

And he began to laugh again, and that so heartily, that, though I did not see the joke as he did, I was again obliged to join him in his mirth.

1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:

She was a fat, round little woman, richly apparelled in velvet and lace, […]; and the way she laughed, cackling like a hen, the way she talked to the waiters and the maid,[…]—all these unexpected phenomena impelled one to hysterical mirth, and made one class her with such immortally ludicrous types as Ally Sloper, the Widow Twankey, or Miss Moucher.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter II, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

Their eyes met and they began to laugh. They laughed as children do when they cannot contain themselves, and can not explain the cause of their mirth to grown people, but share it perfectly together.

The emotion usually following humor and accompanied by laughter.


gloomy

en-adj

gloomy (comparative gloomier, superlative gloomiest)

gloomier (comparative)
gloomiest (superlative)

From gloom + -y. Cognate with Saterland Frisian glumig (“dark, gloomy”).

cog

a gloomy temper or countenance

Suffering from gloom; melancholy; dejected.

كَئِيب

affected with, or expressing, gloom; melancholy


misery

en-noun

misery (countable and uncountable, plural miseries)

From Middle English miserie, from Old French miserie (modern: misère), from Latin miseria, from miser, equivalent to miser + -y. Doublet of misère.

Ever since his wife left him you can see the misery on his face.

For miſerie doth braueſt mindes abate, / And make them ſeeke for that they wont to ſcorne, / Of fortune and of hope at once forlorne.

1578–1579, Edmund Spenser, “Prosopopoia. Or Mother Hubberds Tale. [...] Dedicated to the Right Honorable the Ladie Compton and Mountegle”, in Complaints. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie. Whereof the Next Page Maketh Mention, London: Imprinted for VVilliam Ponsonbie, dwelling in Paules Churchyard at the signe of the Bishops head, published 1591, →OCLC:

It was not just the confusion that unhappiness brings, it was not just the loneliness, it was the despair that accompanies all those emotions that turns unhappiness into utter misery.

2008, Charlotte Bingham, The Land of Summer:

Then, in January, a creeping tsunami of train cancellations, triggered by major staff absences as a result of the aggressive transmissibility of Omicron, heaped further misery on rail users.

2022 January 12, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, in RAIL, number 948, page 3:

Great unhappiness; extreme pain of body or mind; wretchedness; distress; woe.

The Widdow that hath but a pan of braſſe, […]
Muſt pay her Landlord many a groat,
Or twil be puld out of her throat: […]
The rich haue all, the poore liue in miſerie: […]

1593, anonymous author, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act I:


greed

greed (countable and uncountable, plural greeds)

His greed was his undoing.

[…]But when I had bestridden the plank, quoth I to myself, "Thou deserveth all that betideth thee. All this is decreed to me of Allah (whose name be exalted!), to turn me from my greed of gain, whence ariseth all that I endure, for I have wealth galore."

1885, Richard F. Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night, Night 564:

Your market gardener is not a well-breeched man, dependant as he is on the imponderables of glut, the inequities of distribution, and the greeds of wholesaler and retailer.

1954, Thomas Firbank, Log Hut, page 194:

She does not display voracities and greeds like a number of patients […] nor has she shown any significant tendency to possessiveness, grievance, paranoia, or mania.

The point is, ladies and gentleman, that greed, for lack of a better word, is good. Greed is right, greed works. Greed clarifies, cuts through, and captures the essence of the evolutionary spirit. Greed, in all of its forms; greed for life, for money, for love, knowledge has marked the upward surge of mankind.

1987, Stanley Weiser, Oliver Stone, Wall Street (motion picture), spoken by Gordon Gekko (Michael Douglas):

A selfish or excessive desire for more than is needed or deserved, especially of money, wealth, food, or other possessions.


offend

en-verb

offend (third-person singular simple present offends, present participle offending, simple past and past participle offended)

offends (present singular third-person)
offending (participle present)
offended (participle past)
offended (past)

From Middle French offendre, from Latin offendō (“strike, blunder, commit an offense”), from ob- (“against”) + *fendō (“strike”).

uder

I dailie and hourelie offend in thought, word, and deed, in a relapſe by mine owne weakneſſe and wilfulneſſe, my bonus Genius, my good protecting angel is gone, I am falne from that I was, or would bee, worſe and worſe, […]

1638, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Cure of Deſpaire by Phyſick, good counſell, comforts, &c.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy. […], 5th edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [Robert Young, Miles Flesher, and Leonard Lichfield and William Turner] for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 3, section 4, member 3, subsection 6, page 707:

(intransitive) To sin, transgress divine law or moral rules.


shaky

en-adj

shaky (comparative shakier, superlative shakiest)

shakier (comparative)
shakiest (superlative)

He’s a nice guy but when he talks to me, he acts shaky.

For the college clinician, restless nights after letting a shaky student walk out of the office are an occupational hazard. Are the student's safety assurances credible? Will he or she make it safely through the weekend?

2006, Paul A. Grayson, Philip W. Meilman, College Mental Health Practice, page 11:

Villa had plenty of opportunities to make the game safe after a shaky start and despite not reaching any great heights, they were resolute enough to take control of the game in the second half.

2011 April 10, Alistair Magowan, “Aston Villa 1 - 0 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport:

shaky timber

For quotations using this term, see Citations:shaky.

(of wood) Full of shakes or cracks; cracked.

precarious

not held or fixed securely and likely to fall over


immodest

immodest (comparative more immodest, superlative most immodest)

more immodest (comparative)
most immodest (superlative)

Without customary restraint or modesty of expression; shameless.


grief

en-noun

grief (countable and uncountable, plural griefs or grieves)

From Middle English greef, gref, from Old French grief (“grave, heavy, grievous, sad”), from Latin gravis (“heavy, grievous, sad”). Doublet of grave.

der

The neighbour's teenage give me grief every time they see me.

She was worn out from so much grief.

The betrayal caused Jeff grief.

And ſure, although it was invented to eaſe his mynde of griefe, there be a number of caveats therein to forewarne other young gentlemen to foreſtand with good government their folowing yl fortunes; […]

1576, George Whetstone, “The Ortchard of Repentance: […]”, in The Rocke of Regard, […], London: […] [H. Middleton] for Robert Waley, →OCLC; republished in J[ohn] P[ayne] Collier, editor, The Rocke of Regard, […] (Illustrations of Early English Poetry; vol. 2, no. 2), London: Privately printed, [1867?], →OCLC, page 291:

Emotional pain, generally arising from misfortune, significant personal loss, bereavement, misconduct of oneself or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness.


proud

en-adj

proud (comparative prouder or more proud, superlative proudest or most proud)

prouder (comparative)
more proud (comparative)
proudest (superlative)
most proud (superlative)

From Middle English proud, prout, prut, from Old English prūd, prūt (“proud, arrogant, haughty”) (compare Old English prȳtung (“pride”); prȳde, prȳte (“pride”)), probably from Old French prod, prud (“brave, gallant”) (modern French preux), from Late Latin prōde (“useful”), derived from Latin prōdesse (“to be of value”); however, the Old English umlaut derivatives prȳte, prȳtian, etc. suggest the word may be older and possibly native. Compare Old Norse prýði (“ornament; gallantry, bravery”). See also pride.
Cognate with German Low German praud, Old Norse prúðr (“gallant, brave, magnificent, stately, handsome, fine”) (Icelandic prúður, Middle Swedish prudh, Danish prud).

فَخُور

gratified, feeling honoured, feeling satisfied

嬉しい

happy, usually used with a sense of honour

I am proud of Sivu’s schoolwork.

LETO: Thufir Hawat has served House Atreides three generations. He swears you are the finest student he has ever taught. Yueh, Gurney and Duncan say the same. Makes me feel very proud.
PAUL: I want you to be proud of me.

1984, 19:33 from the start, in Dune (Science Fiction), spoken by Leto Atreides and Paul Atreides, →OCLC:

Shepard: It's been a long journey, and no one's coming out without scars. But it all comes down to this moment.
Shepard: We win or lose it all in the next few minutes. Make me proud. Make yourselves proud.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Collector Base:

Feeling honoured (by something); feeling happy or satisfied about an event or fact; gratified.

That was not the proudest thing I did but I can’t deny it.

That makes one feel proud (of something one did)

It was a proud day when we finally won the championship.

Generating a sense of pride; being a cause for pride.

kunniakas

generating a sense of pride; being a cause for pride

After it had healed, the scar tissue stood proud of his flesh.

The weld was still a bit proud of the panel, so she ground it down flush.

(obsolete) Excited by sexual desire; specifically of a female animal: in heat.


modesty

en-noun

modesty (usually uncountable, plural modesties)

From Middle French modestie, from Latin modestia; equivalent to modest + -y.

At her invitation he outlined for her the succeeding chapters with terse military accuracy ; and what she liked best and best understood was avoidance of that false modesty which condescends, turning technicality into pabulum.

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter VIII, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

The quality of being modest; having a limited and not overly high opinion of oneself and one's abilities.

(specifically) Pudency, avoidance of sexual explicitness.

حِشْمَة

pudency, avoidance of sexual explicitness


pride

pride (countable and uncountable, plural prides)

shame

antonym(s) of “a sense of one's own worth”

humility

antonym(s) of “proud or disdainful behavior”

From Middle English pryde, pride, from Old English prȳde, prȳte (“pride”) (compare Old Norse prýði (“bravery, pomp”)), derivative of Old English prūd (“proud”). More at proud. The verb derives from the noun, at least since the 12th century.

The quality or state of being proud; an unreasonable overestimation of one's own superiority in terms of talents, looks, wealth, importance etc., which comes across as being lofty, distant, and often showing contempt of others.

𒌨

quality or state of being proud; inordinate self-esteem; an unreasonable conceit of one's own superiority in talents, beauty, wealth, rank etc.

Pride, pomp and circumstance of glorious war.

c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:

Lust; sexual desire; especially, excitement of sexual appetite in a female animal.

kiima

lust; sexual desire; especially, an excitement of sexual appetite in a female beast


fret

en-verb

fret (third-person singular simple present frets, present participle fretting, simple past fretted or fret or frate, past participle fretted or (usually in compounds) fretten)

frets (present singular third-person)
fretting (participle present)
fretted (past)
fret (past)
frate (past)
fretted (participle past)
fretten (in-compounds participle past usually)

From Middle English frēten (“to eat (at), corrode, destroy, annoy”), from Old English fretan (“to eat up, devour; to fret; to break, burst”), from Proto-West Germanic *fraetan, from Proto-Germanic *fraetaną (“to consume, devour, eat up”), from Proto-Germanic *fra- (“for-, prefix meaning ‘completely, fully’”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forward, toward”)) + *etaną (“to eat”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”)).
The senses meaning “to chafe, rub” could also be due to sound-association with Anglo-Norman *freiter (modern dialectal French fretter), from Vulgar Latin *frictāre, frequentative of Latin fricāre, from fricō (“to chafe, rub”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH- (“to cut”); compare Old French froter (modern French frotter). The chief difficulty is the lack of evidence of the Old French word.
cognates
*Dutch vreten, fretten (“to devour, hog, wolf”)
*Low German freten (“to eat up”)
*German fressen (“to devour, gobble up, guzzle”)
*Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (fraitan, “to devour”)
*Swedish fräta (“to eat away, corrode, fret”)
*Danish fråse (“to gorge”)

cog

A wristband frets on the edges.

This, as Maury remarks, "suggested the idea that there was no running water nor abrading forces at play upon the bed of the deep sea, and consequently, if ever an electric cord were lodged upon the telegraphic plateau, there it would lie in cold abstraction; without anything to fret, chafe or wear, save alone the tooth of time."

1893, A[lexander] Fraser-Macdonald, “The North Atlantic Viewed as a Region Traversed by Our Ocean Railways”, in Our Ocean Railways: Or, The Rise, Progress, and Development of Ocean Steam Navigation, London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, page 239:

(intransitive) To be worn away; to chafe; to fray.

With this answer Elizabeth was forced to be content; but her own opinion continued the same, and she left him disappointed and sorry. It was not in her nature, however, to increase her vexations by dwelling on them. She was confident of having performed her duty, and to fret over unavoidable evils, or augment them by anxiety, was no part of her disposition.

1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter XVIII, in Pride and Prejudice: […], volume II, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, pages 218–219:

Of all the queer collections of humans outside of a crazy asylum, it seemed to me this sanitarium was the cup winner. But, after all, I shouldn't have expected nothing different. When you're well enough off so's you don't have to fret about anything but your heft or your diseases you begin to get queer, I suppose.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter V, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

Recruits have also fretted that the shares included in their offer letters could quickly become devalued if Mr. Musk succeeded in taking Twitter private.

2022 April 25, Kate Conger, “Twitter Employees Search for Answers as Musk Deal Takes Shape”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


cachinnate

en-verb

cachinnate (third-person singular simple present cachinnates, present participle cachinnating, simple past and past participle cachinnated)

cachinnates (present singular third-person)
cachinnating (participle present)
cachinnated (participle past)
cachinnated (past)

From Latin cachinnō (“laugh aloud”), of onomatopoeic origin.

The villain began to cachinnate and twirl his moustache.

There is a sense of spectral whirling through liquid gulfs of infinity, of dizzying rides through reeling universes on a comet’s tail, and of hysterical plunges from the pit to the moon and from the moon back again to the pit, all livened by a cachinnating chorus of the distorted, hilarious elder gods and the green, bat-winged mocking imps of Tartarus.

1928 February, H[oward] P[hillips] Lovecraft, “The Call of Cthulhu”, in Farnsworth Wright, editor, Weird Tales: A Magazine of the Bizarre and Unusual, volume 11, number 2, Indianapolis, Ind.: Popular Fiction Pub. Co., →OCLC, pages 159–178 and 287:

(intransitive) To laugh loudly, immoderately, or too often.


wary

en-adj

wary (comparative warier, superlative wariest)

warier (comparative)
wariest (superlative)

Characterized by caution; guarded; careful; on one's guard

внимателен

characterized by caution; guarded; careful


compunction

en-noun

compunction (countable and uncountable, plural compunctions)

From Middle English compunccion, borrowed from Old French compunction, from Late Latin compunctionem (“a pricking”), from Latin compunctus, the past participle of compungere (“to severely prick”), from com- + pungere (“to prick”).

Besides, to do De Joinville justice, he felt, too, a degree of kindly compunction for the former harsh judgment entertained of one who so little deserved it; and—for there is no such thing in the human mind as an unmixed sensation—he was struck both with the spirit with which she resented, and the proud humility with which she forgave the affront.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXVII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 320:

His age—his kindness, disarmed Pen’s anger somewhat, and made Arthur feel no little compunction for the deed which he was about to do.

1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 70, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:

[H]e would have had no compunction whatever in flinging him out of the highest window in Venice into the deepest water of the city.

1855 December – 1857 June, Charles Dickens, “Something Right Somewhere”, in Little Dorrit, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1857, →OCLC, book the second (Riches), page 366:

[T]he instant the door had closed behind him, I leaned over and looked at the letters, which were face down on the table. I felt no compunction in doing so, for under the circumstances I felt that I should protect myself in every way I could.

1897, Bram Stoker, “Jonathan Harker’s Journal—Continued”, in Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC, chapter III, page 36:

But he felt, later, a little compunction. He had been violent, cruel with poor Hermione. He wanted to recompense her, to make it up.

1920 November 9, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter VIII, in Women in Love, New York, N.Y.: Privately printed [by Thomas Seltzer] for subscribers only, →OCLC, page 112:

As for average U.S. consumers, they've shown little compunction about buying diamonds that fund bloody militias in Africa.

2003 February 16, Blaine Greteman, “No Peace Dividend”, in Time:

A pricking of conscience or a feeling of regret, especially one which is slight or fleeting.


alektorophobia

From Ancient Greek ἀλέκτωρ (aléktōr, “rooster”) + -phobia.


agrizoophobia

From the Greek words αγρός (agrós) meaning field, ζώο (zoo) meaning animal, and φοβία (fovía or phobia) meaning fear.


rhypophobia

From Ancient Greek ῥύπος (rhúpos, “filth”) + -phobia.


canophilia

Synonym of cynophilia (“The love of dogs.”)


desirous

en-adj

desirous (comparative more desirous, superlative most desirous)

more desirous (comparative)
most desirous (superlative)

/dɪˈzaɪəɹəs/

From Middle English, from Old French desirrous, from desirrer + -ous.

More significantly, rigid deference to [Justin] Bieber’s still-young core fan base keeps things resolutely PG, with any acknowledgement of sex either couched in vague “touch your body” workarounds or downgraded to desirous hand-holding and eye-gazing.

2012 June 26, Genevieve Koski, “Music: Reviews: Justin Bieber: Believe”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2020-08-06:

Feeling desire; eagerly wishing; eager to obtain.

desitjós

feeling desire; eagerly wishing; solicitous; eager to obtain


ranidaphobia

Now, you have no reason to suffer from ranidophobia – the fear of frogs.

2001 May 22, Kathy Antoniotti, “Make a frog from papier machie and Styrofoam”, in Rome News-Tribune, page T1:

One published case documented a woman who developed ranidaphobia, as it is known, after running over a knot of frogs with a lawn-mower.

2013, Nick Haslam, “What are phobias?”, in The Explainer: From Déjà Vu to Why the Sky Is Blue, and Other Conundrums, CSIRO Publishing, →ISBN, page 231:

However Marinaccio's ranidaphobia may soon be quieted, as Clarence, N.Y., recently awarded him a $1.6 million settlement after he sued both the town and development firm Kieffer Enterprises for diverting the water runoff from a nearby development onto his land.

2013 April 10, Derek Prall, “Man sues town over plague of frogs”, in American City & County:


rhytiphobia

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ῥῠτῐ́ς (rhutís, “wrinkle”) + -phobia.

bor+

Now, rhytiphobia, the fear of getting wrinkles, is a phobia that I can understand. Although I have been using moisturizer on my face for years, I still have those fine and not-so-fine lines appearing.

2013 October 30, Suzanne Johnson, “Beyond the office door: Phobias”, in Washburn County Register, volume 125, number 11, page 8:

“If you don't stop hassling Richelle about being late, she’ll develop chronomeatrophobia^([sic]) – fear of clocks,” said Tom proudly. “To go with her rhytiphobia.” ¶ “What’s that?” I snapped. I had to know. ¶ “Fear of getting wrinkles,” he sighed happily. He’d been dying for me to ask.

1996, Emily Rodda, “Piece by piece” (chapter 12), in Dirty Tricks (Raven Hill Mysteries; 5), New York, N. Y.: Scholastic Inc., published 2006 July, →ISBN, page 67:

Under the roof of the arcade, supported by baffling formations, and relieving arches, even wizened people, the old, the dowager, the snowy-haired, the senile and doddering, would be healthy, active, and vigorous. Sprightly and spry. Rhytiphobia, fear of wrinkles, could be forgotten. This gave rise to dancing and dinner parties, and fun and gaiety.

2022, Steven T. Pankey, chapter 15, in The Red Palace Train, Pittsburgh, Pa.: Dorrance Publishing Co, →ISBN, page 155:


albuminurophobia

In spermatorrhea when albumin is present this is especially true. In nephritic subjects albuminurophobia is often seen and it works adversely on the morale of the patient.

1919, George Frederick Shrady, Thomas Lathrop Stedman, editors, Medical Record, volume 96, W. Wood., page 600:

for some reason, there are apparently quite a number of people who suffer from Albuminurophobia—the fear of kidney disease

2011 August 1, Jan Resnick, “Far-out Philias and Phobias”, in Psychotherapy in Australia:

This identification may professionally introduce this mental representation into the clinical practice, because phobia of renal failure may represent a marked psychiatric impact among peoples who have a relative, friend, or a neighbor with CKD or ESRD and on hemodialysis. Clinically, it presents with anxiety disorders such as irrational fear of getting renal failure where it is also known as albuminurophobia.

2020 August 6, Rabea Ahmed Gadelkareem with Nashwa Mostafa Azoz, Ahmed Reda, Ahmed Abdelhamid Shahat, Mohamed Farouk Abdelhafez, Amr Abou Faddan, Mahmoud Farouk, Mohamed Fawzy, Mahmoud Mohammed Osman, and Mohammed Abdallah Elgammal, “Experience of a tertiary-level urology center in the clinical urological events of rare and very rare incidence. III. Psychourological events: 2. Phobia of renal failure due to loin pain”, in African Journal of Urology, volume 26, →DOI, archived from the original on 2021-11-24:

A person doesn’t necessarily need to be in a situation exposed to kidney disease to experience Albuminurophobia.

2020 November 4, Scott M. Brookins, Fear of kidney disease. Albuminurophobia:

Although panic attacks may not always be the case for everyone experiencing symptoms of albuminurophobia, it is still possible to occur, especially if their symptoms are very severe.

2021, “Albuminurophobia (Fear of Kidney Disease)”, in Psych Times:


Francophilia

The love or admiration of France, the French, or French culture.

francofília

love of France, the French or French culture


cartophilia

The love of cigarette cards, trade cards, postcards, etc.


lygophilia

From Ancient Greek λύγη (lúgē, “twilight”) and φιλέω (philéō, “I love”).


lexiconophilia

The love of dictionaries and other books of words.


germanophilia

The love of Germany, the Germans, or German culture.

germanofília

the love of the country, culture or people of Germany


malicious

en-adj

malicious (comparative more malicious, superlative most malicious)

more malicious (comparative)
most malicious (superlative)

From Middle English malicious, from Old French malicios, from Latin malitiōsus, from malitia (“malice”), from malus (“bad”). Displaced native Middle English ivelwilled and ivelwilly (“malicious”), related to Old English yfelwillende (literally “evil-willing”).

ncog

He was sent off for a malicious tackle on Jones.

They gathered soberly in the farthest recess of the ward and gossiped about him in malicious, offended undertones, rebelling against his presence as a ghastly imposition and resenting him malevolently for the nauseating truth of which he was bright reminder.

1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “The Soldier in White”, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 169:

Intending to do harm; characterized by spite and malice.

kwaadaardig

of, pertaining to, or as a result of malice or spite


coprophilia

en-noun

coprophilia (countable and uncountable, plural coprophilias)

(psychiatry) A marked interest in excrement; especially the paraphilia involving sexual arousal and pleasure from feces and defecation.

嗜糞癥

marked interest in excrement; the use of feces for sexual excitement


bibliophilia

Perhaps his love for the Hebrew Bible prepared him for such finely tuned philanthropy. Or maybe his bibliophilia has consequences for anthropology.

2017, Andrew Gow, Peter Sabo, editors, Tzedek, Tzedek Tirdof: Poetry, Prophecy, and Justice in Hebrew Scripture: Essays in Honor of Francis Landy on the Occasion of his 70th Birthday, Boston: BRILL, →ISBN, page VII:

(rare) Love or fascination with the Bible.


sanguine

en-adj

sanguine (comparative more sanguine, superlative most sanguine)

more sanguine (comparative)
most sanguine (superlative)

From Middle English sanguine, from Old French sanguin, ultimately from Latin sanguineus (“of blood”), from sanguis (“blood”), of uncertain origin, perhaps Proto-Indo-European *h₁sh₂-én-, from *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”). Doublet of sanguineous.


aerophobia

Standing on the edge of the cliff made me realise just how much aerophobia affected me.

(rare, by extension or possibly from acrophobia) Fear of heights


Russophobia

Contempt or hatred towards Russia or Russians, especially the political system, or the customs of the former Soviet Union.

հակառուսականություն

the fear or hatred of Russia or Russians


spiteful

spiteful (comparative more spiteful or (rare) spitefuller, superlative most spiteful or (rare) spitefullest)

more spiteful (comparative)
spitefuller (comparative rare)
most spiteful (superlative)
spitefullest (rare superlative)

From Middle English spytefulle, equivalent to spite + -ful.

It's not like you killed someone
It's not like you drove a spiteful spear into his side
Talk to Jesus Christ as if he knows the reasons why
He did it all for you

2000, “Judith”, performed by A Perfect Circle:

Filled with, or showing, spite; having a desire to annoy or harm.


love triangle

/ˈlʌv ˌtɹaɪ.æŋɡəl/

La Battaglia di Legnano is a patriotic melodrama with a love triangle theme included.

1961 December 12, The Times, p.5 col. F:

By placing Max and Onno in a love triangle with Ada, Mr. Mulisch achieves an emotional depth that recalls Francois Truffaut's classic film “Jules and Jim.”

1997 January 5, Jack Miles, “On a Mission From God”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

A situation in which two suitors vie or compete for the love of the same person.

liefdesdriehoek

situation in which two people vie for the love of a third


boredom

en-noun

boredom (usually uncountable, plural boredoms)

[…]only last Sunday, my Lady, in the desolation of Boredom and the clutch of Giant Despair, almost hated her own maid for being in spirits.

1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, chapter XII, in Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC:


petulant

en-adj

petulant (comparative more petulant, superlative most petulant)

more petulant (comparative)
most petulant (superlative)

From Middle French, from Latin petulāns, akin to petere.

Lack of sleep is causing Dave's recent petulant behavior.

But when your praying has troubled the silence long it may be that some god as he strolls in Pegāna’s glades may come on one of our lost prayers, that flutters like a butterfly tossed in storm when all its wings are broken; then if the gods be merciful they may ease our fears in Sidith, or else they may crush us, being petulant gods, and so we shall see trouble in Sidith no longer, with its pestilence and dearth and fears of war.

1905, Lord Dunsany [i.e., Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany], The Gods of Pegāna, London: [Charles] Elkin Mathews, […], →OCLC, page 61:

Former associates have described Musk as petty, cruel and petulant, particularly when frustrated or challenged.

December 13 2021, Molly Ball, Jeffrey Kluger, Alejandro de la Garza, “Elon Musk: Person of the Year 2021”, in Time Magazine:


envious

envious (comparative more envious, superlative most envious)

more envious (comparative)
most envious (superlative)

From Middle English envious, from Anglo-Norman envious, from Old French envieus, envious (modern French envieux), from Latin invidiōsus; more at envy. Doublet of invidious, borrowed directly from Latin. Displaced native Old English æfestiġ.

an envious man, disposition, or attack; envious tongues

Fret not thy ſelfe becauſe of euill doers, neither bee thou enuious againſt the workers of iniquitie.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 37:1:

My soul is envious of mine eye.

1827, [John Keble], The Christian Year: Thoughts in Verse for the Sundays and Holydays throughout the Year, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [B]y W. Baxter, for J. Parker; and C[harles] and J[ohn] Rivington, […], →OCLC:

Feeling or exhibiting envy; jealously desiring the excellence or good fortune of another; maliciously grudging

for no man was ever so amorous, as to love a toad; none so envious, as to repine at the condition of the miserable

1651, Jer[emy] Taylor, The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Francis Ashe […], →OCLC:

Each envious brier his weary legs doth scratch.

1593, [William Shakespeare], Venus and Adonis, London: […] Richard Field, […], →OCLC:

(obsolete) Malignant; mischievous; spiteful.

He to him leapt, and that same envious gage / Of victors glory from him snatcht away.

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto IV”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 39:


bored

bored (comparative more bored, superlative most bored)

more bored (comparative)
most bored (superlative)

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

The piano teacher's bored look indicated he wasn't paying much attention to his pupil's lackluster rendition of Mozart's Requiem.

Suffering from boredom; mildly annoyed and restless through having nothing to do.

enui (predicative with the person bored in the nominative)

ску́чно (skúčno) (predicative with the person bored in dative)


shy

shy (comparative shier or shyer or more shy, superlative shiest or shyest or most shy)

shier (comparative)
shyer (comparative)
more shy (comparative)
shiest (superlative)
shyest (superlative)
most shy (superlative)

From Middle English shy (“shy”), from Old English sċēoh (“shy”), from Proto-West Germanic *skeuh (“shy, fearful”), from Proto-Germanic *skeuhaz (“shy, fearful”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian skjou (“shy”), Dutch schuw (“shy”), German scheu (“shy”), Danish sky (“shy”).
Etymology tree
Middle English shy
English shy


paranoid

/ˈpæɹ.ə.ˌnɔɪd/

/ˈpæɹ.ə.ˌnɔɪd/

/ˈpɛɹ.ə.ˌnɔɪd/


wretched

en-adj

wretched (comparative more wretched, superlative most wretched)

more wretched (comparative)
most wretched (superlative)

From Middle English wrecched (“(adjective) characterized by or suffering hardship or misfortune, miserable, unfortunate, unhappy; indigent, poor; of low economic or social status, lowly; (noun) miserable person”) [and other forms], from wrecche (“characterized by or suffering hardship or misfortune, miserable, unfortunate, unhappy; indigent, poor; of low economic or social status, lowly; base, contemptible, vile; reprehensible, wicked; miserly, stingy; of little importance, paltry, worthless”) (from Late Old English wrecc, from Old English wreċċa (“an exile, outcast”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wreg- (“to follow, track; to hunt”)) + -ed (suffix forming adjectives). The English word is analysable as wretch (“(obsolete) wretched”, adjective) + -ed (suffix forming adjectives).

nb...

vrechid, wreached, wrecchede, wrecchet, wrecchid, wrecchidde, wrecchide, wrecchud, wrecchyd, wrechched, wrechchedee, wrechchid, wrechchyd, wreched, wrechede, wrechid, wrechit, wrechyd, wrechyde, wretched, wretchid, wretchyd, wricched, wricchid, wriched, wrichede, wrichid, wroched, wrochit, wruchud, wrycched, wryched, (Scotland) wrachit, wrechit, wrechyt, wretchit, (Early Middle English) vreched

suffix

But a Devil came in juſt in the God-ſpeed, and told them; Gentlemen Philoſophers, (ſays he) if you vvould knovv the VVretched'ſt, and moſt contemptible thing in the VVorld; It is an Alchymiſt: […]

1667, Francisco de Quevedo Villegas, “The Sixth Vision of Hell”, in R[oger] L[’Estrange], transl., The Visions of Dom Francisco de Quevedo Villegas, […], London: […] H[enry] Herringman […], →OCLC, page 247:

Of a person, etc.: behaving in a manner causing contempt; base, despicable, wicked.

презрян

of a person, etc.: behaving in a manner deserving contempt


blues

en-noun

blues (countable and uncountable, plural blues)

→ Catalan: blues

→ Danish: blues

→ Finnish: blues

→ French: blues

→ Hungarian: blues

→ Icelandic: blús

→ Italian: blues

→ Portuguese: blues

→ Spanish: blues

→ Swedish: blues

Your blues is just like mine.

Your blues are just like mine.

(usually in the plural, informal) A feeling of sadness or depression.

(singular or plural, informal) One's particular life experience, particularly including the hardships one has faced.

I've got the lonely man's blues.

If you work here long enough, you'll have the butcher's blues just like me.

(singular or plural, informal) The negative emotional state produced by a particular action, occupation, experience or idea.

I've got the blues today.

The blues have hit her hard, and she won't get out of bed.

If we had been allowed to sit idle we should all have fallen in the blues […]

1881–1882, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, London; Paris: Cassell & Company, published 14 November 1883, →OCLC:

Many great blues musicians came from the Mississippi Delta region.

A large portion of modern popular music is influenced by the blues.

(music) A musical form, African-American in origin, generally featuring an eight-bar or twelve-bar blues structure and using the blues scale.

My next number is a blues in G.

(music, always singular) A musical composition following blues forms.

They marched in their dress blues.

You never planned on the bombs in the sand
Or sleeping in your dress blues.

A uniform made principally of a blue fabric, and especially a full dress uniform thus colored.

(drug slang) Any of various blue pills sold on the street, mimicking the appearance of prescription pain killer tablets but often laced with fentanyl that leads to overdose deaths (see opioid epidemic).


parental love

(by extension) Love which is similar to parental love.


pederast

Borrowed from French pédéraste, from Ancient Greek παιδεραστής (paiderastḗs, “lover of boys”), from παῖς (paîs, “boy”) and ἐραστής (erastḗs, “lover”).

der

A man who is engaged in an erotic relationship with an adolescent boy; a practitioner of pederasty.

男色者

だんしょくしゃ, danshokusha; なんしょくしゃ, nanshokusha


pedophile

From pedo- (“child”) + -phile, after Ancient Greek παιδοφῐ́λης (paidophílēs) (from παῖς (paîs, “boy, child”) + φιλέω (philéō, “I love”)).

com

Apart from his sexual behavior, the pedophile is typically law abiding.

1982, National Council on Crime and Delinquency, Criminal Justice Abstracts, volume 14, page 253:

The pedophile, a particular type of child molester, is an adult whose conscious sexual interests and overt sexual behavior are directly either partially or exclusively toward children.

1986, Patrick B. McGuigan, Jon S. Pascale, Crime and Punishment in Modern America, page 109:

(psychiatry, sexology) A person aged 16 or older who is mostly or only sexually attracted toward prepubescent children.


ennui

en-noun

ennui (countable and uncountable, plural ennuis)

Unadapted borrowing from French ennui, from Old French enui (“annoyance”), from enuier (modern French ennuyer), from Late Latin inodiō, from Latin in odiō (“hated”). Doublet of annoy.

A gripping listlessness or melancholia caused by boredom; depression.


polyamory

polyamory (usually uncountable, plural polyamories)

[ˌpɒlɪˈæməɹi]

From poly- (from Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “many”)) + Latin amor (“love”) + -y.

af

from Ancient Greek <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">πολύς</i> (polús, “many”)

Some of these are poly intimacy, polyamory, polygamy, omnigamy, multimate, multiple adult relationship, combo, cellular family, expanded family, nonexclusive relationship, intimate friendship and inclusive relationship.

1992, Deborah M. Anapol, Love without limits, page 4:

Any of various practices involving romantic or sexual relationships with multiple partners with the knowledge and consent of all involved.

puliamore

practices involving relationships with multiple partners


onomatophobia

For quotations using this term, see Citations:onomatophobia.

(rare) The fear of hearing particular names or words.


greedy

en-adj

greedy (comparative greedier, superlative greediest)

greedier (comparative)
greediest (superlative)

Sranan Tongo: gridi

From Middle English gredy, from Anglian Old English grēdiġ (“greedy, hungry, eager”) (cognate West Saxon form grǣdiġ), from Proto-Germanic *grēdagaz (“hungry”), from Proto-Germanic *grēdaz, *grēduz, *grēdô (“hunger”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer-. Equivalent to greed + -y.
Cognate with Old Saxon grādag (“greedy”), Dutch graag (“gladly, willingly”), Old High German grātag (“greedy”), Danish grådig (“greedy”), Norwegian Bokmål grådig (“greedy”) (from Old Norse gráðigr (“greedy”), gráði (“greed, hunger”)), Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃 (grēdags, “hungry”). Sanskrit गृद्धि (gṛddhi, “greed”) is a false cognate.


homoerotophobia

homophobia; antipathy towards homosexuals


exuberant

en-adj

exuberant (comparative more exuberant, superlative most exuberant)

more exuberant (comparative)
most exuberant (superlative)

/ɪɡˈzuːbəɹənt/

From Middle French exubérant, from Latin exūberāns, the present active participle of exūberō (“be abundant”). Put together from ex (“out”), and uber (“udder”), and originally would have referred to a cow or she-goat which was making so much milk that it naturally dripped or sprayed from the udder.

exuberant feeling

He was a man of exuberant fancy, and, withal of an authority so irresistible that, at his will, he turned his varied fancies into facts.

1882, Frank R. Stockton, The Lady or the Tiger?:

She was a tall, earthy, exuberant girl with long hair and a pretty face.

(of people) Very cheery and peppy; extremely cheerful, energetic and enthusiastic.


vexation

en-noun

vexation (countable and uncountable, plural vexations)

From Middle English vexacioun, from Old French vexacion, from Latin vexātiō. By surface analysis, vex + -ation.

All was safe and prosperous; and as the removal of one solicitude generally makes way for another, Emma, being now certain of her ball, began to adopt as the next vexation Mr. Knightley’s provoking indifference about it.

1815, Jane Austen, Emma, volume II, chapter 12:

He gave the doctor a look of vexation. He was surprised to see him, and resented the intrusion.

1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “chapter 55”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:


monogamy

monogamy (countable and uncountable, plural monogamies)

From French monogamie, from Late Latin monogamia, from Ancient Greek μονογαμία (monogamía). By surface analysis, mono- + -gamy.

A form of sexual bonding involving a permanent pair bond between two beings.


ailurophilia

/ˌaɪljʊəɹəˈfɪlɪ.ə/

/aɪˌlʊɹəˈfɪli.ə/

/eɪˌlʊɹəˈfɪli.ə/

From ailuro- (“cat”) + -philia (“love”), from Ancient Greek αἴλουρος (aílouros, “cat”) + φίλος (phílos, “dear, beloved”).

der

A fondness or love for cats or other felines.


ailurophobia

en-noun

ailurophobia (usually uncountable, plural ailurophobias)

/ˌaɪljʊəɹəˈfəʊbɪ.ə/

First recorded in 1905. From ailuro- (“cat”) + -phobia (“fear, hatred”), both from Ancient Greek.

confix

Ailourophobia†, (Katiphobia, or Gatophobia,) is a typical monomania. The fear of cats in certain monopsychoneurotic and psychopathic persons dates back to the beginning of the life of the feline.

1906, Charles H. Hughes, “Psychoencephalonasthenia or Cerebrasthenia Simplex, and Psychoencephalonasthenia or Cerebrasthenia Insaniens”, in The Alienist and Neurologist, volume 27, St. Louis, Mo.: Henry L. Hughes, page 166:

Whatever the cause there are many recorded instances of persons suffering from ailurophobia exhibiting symptoms of distress in rooms which apparently contained no cats; later cats would be discovered, hidden behind curtains or in closets.

1920, Carl Can Vechten, The Tiger In The House, pages 62–63:

An irrational fear or hatred of cats or other felines.


aichmophobia

From aichmo- + -phobia, from Ancient Greek αιχμή (aikhmḗ, “spearhead”) + φόβος (phóbos, “fear”).

der

In aichmophobia the person develops a pathological fear of sharp and pointed objects. He or she fears pieces of broken glass, scraps of metal, nails, and scissors. Fear of this kind leads to all sorts of eccentric habits.

1977, George W. Kisker, The disorganized personality:

“Hmm,” said Catherine. “It looks like something out of a field hospital.” And she shot a tiny forbidding glance at Nick, who saw that it was probably the aichmophobia, the horror of sharp objects, that made the serving and carving of a haunch of venison impossible for her.

2004, Alan Hollinghurst, chapter 5, in The Line of Beauty […], 1st US edition, New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN:

The fear of needles and other pointed or sharp objects.


homophobia

en-noun

homophobia (countable and uncountable, plural homophobias)

From homo- (“from homosexual”) + -phobia, coined in 1971 by George Weinberg in Society and the Healthy Homosexual.

af

from <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">homosexual</i>

Hatred, fear, dislike of, or prejudice against homosexuals.

Hatred, fear, dislike of, or prejudice against LGBTQ+ people in general.