constellation

PIE word
 *ḱóm
From Middle English constellacioun, constillacioun (“(astrology) position of the moon or a planet in relation to the ascendant sign of the zodiac; horoscope; (astronomy) formation of fixed stars, constellation; (astronomy) elevation or position of the sun”) [and other forms], borrowed from Old French constellation (modern French constellation), or directly from its etymon Late Latin cōnstēllātiōnem, the accusative singular of cōnstēllātiō (“collection of stars supposed to exert an influence upon human affairs, constellation”), from Latin con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of several objects) + stēlla (“star; meteor; planet”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”)) + -ātiō (suffix forming nouns).

nb...

constelacioun, constellacion, constellacyon, constellacyoun, constillacion, constillacione, constillacioune, constillatioun, constollacion, constolacioun

sterrebeeld

arbitrary formation of stars perceived as a figure or pattern, or a division of the sky including it

rykelmä

configuration or grouping of related things

But alas such peruerse constellation nowe reigneth ouer men, that where some be aptely and naturally disposed to amitie, and fyndeth one, in similitude of studie and maners, equall to his expectation, and therfore kendeleth a feruent loue towarde that persone, puttinge all his ioye and delite in the praise and auauncement of him that he loueth, it hapneth that he which is loued, beinge promoted in honour, either of purpose neglecteth his frende, therby suppressynge libertie of speche or familiar resorte; or els esteming his mynde with his fortune onely, and nat with the suertie of frendship, hideth from him the secretes of his harte, and either trusteth no man, or els him whome prosperous fortune hath late brought in acquaintaunce.

1531, Thomas Elyot, “The Diuision of Ingratitude and the Dispraise therof”, in Ernest Rhys, editor, The Boke Named the Governour […] (Everyman’s Library), London: J[oseph] M[alaby] Dent & Co; New York, N.Y.: E[dward] P[ayson] Dutton & Co, published [1907], →OCLC, 2nd book, pages 188–189:

[H]e was born under the constellation that gives a man skill, riches, and integrity, whatever that constellation may be, which is of the less consequence because babies can't choose their own horoscopes, and, indeed, if they could, there might be an inconvenient rush of babies at particular epochs.

1862 July – 1863 August, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], “First Impressions”, in Romola. […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], published 1863, →OCLC, book I, page 72:

The configuration of planets at a given time (especially a person's birth), as believed to affect events on Earth, or used for determining a horoscope.


necrophilia

en-noun

necrophilia (countable and uncountable, plural necrophilias)

/ˌnɛkɹə(ʊ)ˈfɪlɪə/

From necro- + -philia.
From necro- (Ancient Greek νεκρός (nekrós, “corpse, dead”)) + -philia (Ancient Greek φιλία (philía, “affection”)), after German Nekrophilie (in Krafft-Ebing 1887).

uder

(medicine) Pathological fascination with death.


jailbait

en-noun

jailbait (usually uncountable, plural jailbaits)

From jail + bait, from the fact that statutory rape can result, for the adult committing it, in incarceration.

"The first time she modelled for Edward Weston, in March 1934, Charis Wilson knew she didn’t look good. At 20 she was “a piece of jailbait”, a mere child, especially with the stumpy plaits into which she sometimes twisted her hair."

2009, The Economist, Charis Wilson, model and writer, died on November 20th, aged 95:

(slang) A sexually mature person below, or appearing to be below, the legal age of consent, who is regarded, usually by an adult, as being sexually attractive and/or seductive.

禍水妞

person below the age of consent for sexual activity

malebait

an underage male perceived to be attractive by adult females


felicity

felicity (countable and uncountable, plural felicities)

From Middle English felicite (“bliss, happiness, joy; delight, pleasure; a source of happiness; good fortune; prosperity; well-being; of a planet: in an influential position”) [and other forms], borrowed from Old French felicité (modern French félicité (“bliss, happiness; felicity”)), from Latin fēlīcitātem, the accusative singular of fēlīcitās (“fertility, fruitfulness; happiness, felicity; good fortune; success”), from fēlix (“happy; blessed, fortunate, lucky; fertile, fruitful; prosperous; auspicious, favourable”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to nurse, suckle”)) + -itās (a variant of -tās (suffix forming nouns indicating a state of being)).

nb...

felicitee, felicyte, felycite, felycitee, felycyte

der

Whan this ſayd monument diſcouered was / Suche a ſuauite and fragrant odoure / Aſcended from the corps by ſingular grace / Paſſyng all worldly ſwetnes and ſauour / That all there present that day and hour / Suppoſed they had ben / in the felicite / Of erthely paradiſe / without ambiguite.

1513, Henry Bradshaw, edited by Edward Hawkins, The Holy Lyfe and History of Saynt Werburge: Very Frutefull for All Christen People to Rede (Remains Historical & Literary Connected with the Palatine Counties of Lancaster and Chester Published by The Chetham Society; volume XV), […] The Chetham Society, published 1848:

[T]he wiſe Man gave his Teſtimony to this, as the juſt Standard of true Felicity, when he prayed to have neither Poverty nor Riches.

1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […], →OCLC, page 3:

[…] Mr. and Mrs. Norris began their career of conjugal felicity with very little less than a thousand a year.

1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter I, in Mansfield Park: […], volume I, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 2:

For two reasons then it is right to be content with that which happens to thee; the one, because it was done for thee and prescribed for thee, and in a manner had reference to thee, originally from the most ancient causes spun with thy destiny; and the other, because even that which comes severally to every man is to the power which administers the universe a cause of felicity and perfection, nay even of its very continuance.

1862, M[arcus] Aurelius Antoninus [i.e., Marcus Aurelius], “Book V”, in George Long, transl., The Thoughts of the Emperor M. Aurelius Antoninus, London: Bell and Daldy, […], →OCLC, page 66:

(uncountable) Happiness; (countable) an instance of this.


sad

en-adj

sad (comparative sadder or more sad, superlative saddest or most sad)

sadder (comparative)
more sad (comparative)
saddest (superlative)
most sad (superlative)

From Middle English sad, from Old English sæd (“sated, full”), from Proto-Germanic *sadaz (“sated, satisfied”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂- (“to satiate, satisfy”). Cognate to West Frisian sêd, Dutch zat, German satt.

der

That's the saddest-looking pickup truck I've ever seen.

Heaven knows what cash he got, or blood he spilt, / A sad old fellow was he, if you please[…].

1819 July 15, [Lord Byron], Don Juan, London: […] Thomas Davison, […], →OCLC, canto II, stanza CXXVII, page 182:

Poor in quality, bad; shameful, deplorable; later, regrettable, poor.


bogey

Probably related to or alteration of bogle, akin to or from a variant of Middle English bugge (“frightening specter, scarecrow”) (whence partly bug), of uncertain origin: perhaps from obsolete Welsh bwg (“ghost, hobgoblin”) (compare Welsh bwgwl (“threat”, older “fear”), Irish bagairt (“threat”)), from Proto-Celtic [Term?], or from Proto-Germanic *bugja- (“swollen up, thick”) (compare Norwegian bugge (“big man”), dialectal Low German Bögge and Alemannic German Böögg (“goblin”, “snot”)); see also Proto-Germanic *pūkô (“a goblin, spook”), whence obsolete English puck. Perhaps the Middle English and Welsh words come from a word related to buck and originally referred to a goat-shaped specter. Compare also booger.
The golf sense is from the devil as an imaginary player.

m+

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-bogie.wav

(archaic, often capitalized, usually with definite article) The Devil.

Leibhaftige m (der, only used with article)


timorous

en-adj

timorous (comparative more timorous, superlative most timorous)

more timorous (comparative)
most timorous (superlative)

Borrowed into late Middle English from Old French temoros, from Medieval Latin timorosus, from Latin timor (“fear”), from timeō (“I fear”). Doublet of timoroso.

He [the Devil] marketh well […] mennes complexions within thẽ [them], health, or ſicknes, good humours or badde, by which they be light hearted or lumpiſh, ſtrong hearted, or faynt & fieble of ſpirite, bolde and hardy, or timorous and fearefull of courage.

1534 (date written; published 1553), Thomas More, “A Dyalogue of Comforte agaynste Tribulacyon, […]. XVI. Of Hym that were Moued to Kyl Himself by Illusion of the Dyuel, which He Rekened for a Reuelation.”, in Wyllyam Rastell [i.e., William Rastell], editor, The Workes of Sir Thomas More Knyght, […], London: […] Iohn Cawod, Iohn Waly, and Richarde Tottell, published 30 April 1557, →OCLC, pages 1195–1196:

Wee sleekit, cowrin', tim'rous beastie, / Oh, what a panic's in thy breastie!

1786, Robert Burns, “To a Mouse”, in Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect, volume I, Kilmarnock, Scotland: […] John Wilson, →OCLC; reprinted Kilmarnock, Scotland: […] James M‘Kie, 1867, →OCLC:

[H]e was one of those weak creatures full of a shifty cunning - who face neither God nor man, who face not even themselves, void of pride, timorous, anæmic, hateful souls.

1895–1897, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “The Days of Imprisonment”, in The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, published 1898, →OCLC, book II (The Earth under the Martians), page 219:

He turned a long you are wrong gaze on Stephen of timorous dark pride at the soft impeachment with a glance also of entreaty for he seemed to glean in a kind of a way that it wasn't all exactly.

1922 February, James Joyce, Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

The suspect was a man of forty, with a grey, timorous face, dressed only in a ragged longyi kilted to the knee, beneath which his lank, curved shins were specked with tick-bites.

1934 October, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Burmese Days, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, →OCLC:


bravery

en-noun

bravery (usually uncountable, plural braveries)

Borrowed from Middle French braverie, from braver (“to brave”), or Italian braveria, from bravare (“to brave”). By surface analysis, brave + -ery.

(usually uncountable) Being brave, courageousness.


agoraphobia

/ˌæɡ.ə.ɹəˈfəʊ.bi.ə/

/əˌɡɔː.ɹəˈfəʊ.bi.ə/

/əˌɡɔɹ.əˈfoʊ.bi.ə/

From Latin agoraphobia, from Ancient Greek ἀγορά (agorá, “agora (gathering of people or place of gathering)”) + φοβία (phobía, “fear”). Analyzable as agora + -phobia.
Coined by Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal in 1871.

uder

The fear of wide open spaces, crowds, or uncontrolled social conditions.


lover

→ German: Lover

From Middle English lovere, luffer, lufere, equivalent to love + -er.

[…]loue is blinde, and louers cannot ſee / The pretty follies that themſelues commit,[…]

c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vi], page 170, column 2:

Well there's a wide wide world of noble causes / And lovely landscapes to discover / But all I really want to do right now / Is find another lover

1976, Joni Mitchell (lyrics and music), “Song For Sharon”, in Hejira:

Now, there's one in California who's been cursing my name / 'Cause I found me a better lover in the UK, hey, hey / Until I made my getaway

2014 September 23, Elle King, Dave Bassett, “Ex's & Oh's”, in Love Stuff, performed by Elle King:

We can only hurt each other the way that lovers can / So where do we go, where do we hide now?

2016, David Boulter, Stuart A. Staples (lyrics and music), “Like Only Lovers Can”, in The Waiting Room, performed by Tindersticks:

One who loves and cares for another person in a romantic way; a sweetheart, love, soulmate, boyfriend, girlfriend, or spouse.

szerelem (only with possessive suffixes in this sense)


aflame

en-adj

aflame (comparative more aflame, superlative most aflame)

more aflame (comparative)
most aflame (superlative)

In flames, on fire, flaming, with flames coming from it.

She said nothing and simply stared at him, eyes aflame.


cynophobia

en-noun

cynophobia (usually uncountable, plural cynophobias)

This finding has significant implications for the study of cynophobia, since one would expect from the classical conditioning model of fear that a dog bite should have a lasting negative impact on a child's attitude toward dogs.

2001, Steven R. Lindsay, Handbook of Applied Dog Behavior and Training: Etiology and Assessment of Behavior Problems, →ISBN, page 164:

An irrational fear or hatred of dogs or other canines.

kynofobi

an irrational fear or hatred of dogs or other canines


hebephilia

From hebe- (“relating to youth”) + -philia.

sexual relationship between a man and an adolescent boy

This finding, if confirmed, may offer a useful lead for research in heterosexual pedophilia or hebephilia (a preference for pubescent girls)

1975 Forensic Science Abstracts - Volume 1 - Page 216

paraphilias are included: hebephilia (adolescent girls) and ephebophilia (adolescent boys), although the dynamics of these latter two may be closer to those of adult attraction.

1989 Robert H. Rencken Intervention Strategies for Sexual Abuse page 10

(dated) A sexual preference for adolescent girls.


enjoy

en-verb

enjoy (third-person singular simple present enjoys, present participle enjoying, simple past and past participle enjoyed)

enjoys (present singular third-person)
enjoying (participle present)
enjoyed (participle past)
enjoyed (past)

From Middle English enjoyen, from Old French enjoier, anjoier, enjoer (“to give joy, receive with joy, rejoice”), equivalent to en- + joy.

Enjoy your holidays! I enjoy dancing.

And we shall sit at endless feast,
Enjoying each the other’s good;
What vaster dream can hit the mood
Of Love on earth?

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XLVI, page 69:

Energy has seldom been found where we need it when we want it. Ancient nomads, wishing to ward off the evening chill and enjoy a meal around a campfire, had to collect wood and then spend time and effort coaxing the heat of friction out from between sticks to kindle a flame. With more settled people, animals were harnessed to capstans or caged in treadmills to turn grist into meal.

2013 July-August, Henry Petroski, “Geothermal Energy”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 4:

(transitive) To receive pleasure or satisfaction from something.

gëzoj

to receive pleasure or satisfaction from something


ephebophilia

From Ancient Greek ἔφηβος (éphēbos, “adolescent”) + φιλία (philía, “love, friendship”). By surface analysis, ephebe + -philia.

bor

The assertion, often naïvely made, that in the Homeric poems there is as yet no trace of the love of boys to be met with, and that it was a phenomenon which first appeared during the so-called decadence is, in my opinion, false, for I have already shown in an earlier work (in Anthropophyteia, ix, pp. 291 ff.) that the bond of friendship between Achilles and Patroclus (the most important passages are Il., xxiii, 84; ix, 186, 663; xviii, 22 ff., 65, 315, 334; xix, 209, 315), however ideal it was, yet contains a high percentage of homoerotic sentiment and action; that the Homeric epos also abounds in undoubted traces of ephebophilia, and that no one in the ancient times of Greece ever supposed otherwise.

1932, Hans Licht [pseudonym; Paul Brandt], translated by J. H. Freese, “[Male Homosexuality] History of Greek Love of Boys”, in Lawrence H. Dawson, editor, Sexual Life in Ancient Greece, London: George Routledge & Sons, Ltd. […], published 1933, part II, pages 449–450:

1981 Brian Taylor, PhD Perspectives on Paedophilia page XIII
Thus, paedophilia, denoting sexual interest in pre-pubertal children, can be distinguished from paederasty, indicating sexual interest in pre-pubertal boys alone. These two together could then be distinguished from ephebophilia, denoting sexual preference for post-pubertal and adolescent boys.

Freund, "Male Homosexuality," p. 44 .. "Paedophilia is the erotic preference for children, ephebophilia that for male ... pubescents."

1983 Robin Scroggs The New Testament and Homosexuality: Contextual Background for Contemporary Debate page 148

2006 Looking at Ephebophilia through the Lens of Cleric Sexual Abuse from volume 13 issue 4 of "Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity"

The term ephebophilia seems to have been coined by Magnus Hirschfeld in his Wesen der Liebe (1906), where he applied to sexually mature youths from puberty up to the age of 20; in his 1914 magnum opus, Die Homosexualitat des Mannes und des Weibes, Hirschfeld specified the range of love objects as from "the beginning to the completion of maturity, so approximately ages 14-21." The German research estimated that 45 of all homosexuals were ephebophiles. For women, he used the term "parthenophiles."
The authors propose that the diagnosis of ephebophilia, which is a sexual attraction to pubescent or post-pubescent males, is better suited to the sample of Catholic priests in the John Jay study.

2016, Encyclopedia of Homosexuality, page 361:

(dated) A sexual preference for adolescent boys.


pedophilia

en-noun

pedophilia (countable and uncountable, plural pedophilias)

Adapted from German Pädophilie, bringing its spelling into conformity with pedo- (“child”) + -philia. Compare the Byzantine Greek παιδοφιλία (paidophilía, “love of children”).

cog

sexual feeling or desire by adults towards children

تَحَرُّش جِنْسِيّ بِٱلأَطْفَال (taḥarruš jinsiyy bi-l-ʔaṭfāl, literally “child sexual harassment”)

Fifteen months later, a committee of the congregation found that he had sexually abused several boys within the congregation. […] The fact that Alger committed pedophilia at the age of thirty-four casts a shadow over his subsequent yearning for relationships with boys and young men, but there is no evidence of any later misconduct.

1998, Andrew L. Kaufman, Cardozo, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 25:

Entire books have been written about the role of scandal in US politics (Garment, 1992). Offenses include smoking marijuana, hiring illegal aliens, plagiarizing, sexually harassing others, engaging in pedophilia, […]

2005, Carol Weiss Lewis, Stuart Gilman, The ethics challenge in public service: a problem-solving guide, 2nd edition, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, →ISBN, page 88:

It's quite another (a bad idea) to expect amateurs to figure out who is telling the truth about Iraq, or which priests have committed pedophilia.

2007, Todd Oppenheimer, “Read All about It -- but Where, Exactly?”, in SFGate, Hearst Communications:

(by extension, proscribed) Sexual activity between adults and children; the act of child molestation.


dread

en-noun

dread (countable and uncountable, plural dreads)

From Middle English drede, dred, from the verb (see above). Cognate with Old Frisian drēd, drēde (“fear, dread”).

My visit to the doctor is filling me with dread.

the secret dread of divine displeasure

1671, John Tillotson, “Sermon IV. The Advantages of Religion to Particular Persons. Psalm XIX. 11.”, in The Works of the Most Reverend Dr. John Tillotson, Late Lord Archbishop of Canterbury: […], 8th edition, London: […] T. Goodwin, B[enjamin] Tooke, and J. Pemberton, […]; J. Round […], and J[acob] Tonson] […], published 1720, →OCLC:

the dread of something after death

c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

They shared a common dread that he would begin moaning.

1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “The Soldier in White”, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 169:

In 1928 [Martin] Heidegger succeeded [Edmund] Husserl to take a chair at Freiburg and in his inaugural lecture made a pronouncement that earned him a reputation as an archetypal metaphysician with his claim that our awareness of people as a whole depends on our experience of dread in the face of nothingness.

2014 April 12, Michael Inwood, “Martin Heidegger: the philosopher who fell for Hitler [print version: Hitler's philosopher]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review), London, page R11:

Great fear in view of impending evil; fearful apprehension of danger; anticipatory terror.

The mightie ones, affrayd of every chaunges dread

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


dread

en-adj

dread (comparative dreader, superlative dreadest)

dreader (comparative)
dreadest (superlative)

From Middle English drede, dredde, dradde, ydreddyd (“feared, dreaded, honoured”), past participle of Middle English dreden (“to fear, dread”). See above.

der

With cat-like tread / Upon our prey we steal / In silence dread / Our cautious way we feel

1879, Arthur Sullivan, The Pirates of Penzance, Gilbert & Sullivan:

I even remember thinking that no human being would go down that dread path again.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

1980, Donald Fagen; Walter Becker (lyrics and music), "Glamour Profession" in Gaucho, track 3: "Jack with his radar / Stalking the dread moray eel"

The acts made in the first Parliament of our most high and dread soveraigne Charles [I], by the grace of God, King of Great Britaine, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, &c. […] [book title]

1633, John Hay, editor, The Acts Made in the First Parliament of our Most High and Dread Soveraigne Charles, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britaine, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c.: Holden by Himselfe, Present in Person, with His Three Estates, at Edinburgh, upon the Twentie Eight Day of Iune, Anno Domini 1633, Edinburgh: Printed by Robert Young, printer to the Kings most excellent Maiestie, →OCLC:

(archaic) Awe-inspiring; held in fearful awe.


mono

en-adj

mono (comparative more mono, superlative most mono)

more mono (comparative)
most mono (superlative)

(chiefly informal) Monoamorous, monogamous.


mono

For some monos, there are no acceptable mono—poly solutions as far as they are concerned.

2010, Leonie Linssen, Love Unlimited: The Joys and Challenges of Open Relationships:


mono

People who do wish to be recognizable as trans or bi are often coercively passed off as cis or mono anyway.

2013, Shiri Eisner, Bi: Notes for a Bisexual Revolution, →ISBN:

That is, establishing as it does a replacement binary (mono versus bi, rather than hetero versus homo) it functions to erase lesbian and gay specificity. In turn, this fails to consider, and even elides, important structural inequities between the hetero- and homosexual categories. The difficulty of establishing bisexual legitimacy in a discursive context of oppositional categories was acknowledged by a number of participants. For some, invoking the mono/bi dichotomy affords bisexuality [...]

2013, Dawn Atkins, Bisexual Women in the Twenty-First Century, →ISBN, page 37:


waxy

From Middle English waxi, wexy, equivalent to wax (“soft oily substance”) + -y.

(UK, obsolete, slang) A cobbler (shoe repairer).


odium

en-noun

odium (countable and uncountable, plural odiums)

And it gives to ambitious, corrupted, or deluded citizens, (who devote themselves to the favorite nation,) facility to betray or sacrifice the interests of their own country, without odium, sometimes even with popularity; gilding, with the appearances of a virtuous sense of obligation, a commendable deference for public opinion, or a laudable zeal for public good, the base or foolish compliances of ambition, corruption, or infatuation.

1796, George Washington, "Farewell Address", American Daily Advertiser

‘I warned you, if you give evidence against your husband, you will be shunned. You will be held in odium. You will be alone.’

2020, Hilary Mantel, The Mirror and the Light, Fourth Estate, page 207:

His conduct brought him into odium, or, brought odium upon him.


calm

calm (countable and uncountable, plural calms)

From Middle English calm, calme, from Middle French calme, probably from Old Italian calma, of uncertain origin. Calma may derive from Late Latin cauma (“heat of the midday sun”), from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma, “heat, especially of the sun”), from καίω (kaíō, “I burn”), or possibly from Latin caleō. Compare also Lombardic *chalm, *chalma (“frozenness”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kalmaz (“frozenness, cold”).
Displaced native Middle English smilte (“quite, still, gentle”) from Old English smylte (“quiet, tranquil, calm, serene”).

ncog

The wind ceased, and there was a great calm.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Mark 4:39:

It was a calm ; so, forming a tandem of three boats, we commenced the slow business of towing the trophy to the Pequod.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 64, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 324:

հանգստություն

condition of being unworried and free from anger


piss off

en-verb

piss off (third-person singular simple present pisses off, present participle pissing off, simple past and past participle pissed off)

pisses off (present singular third-person)
pissing off (participle present)
pissed off (participle past)
pissed off (past)

What really pisses me off about my job is that I have to get up at six o'clock.

It pisses people off that I am thin and I don't make any effort.

2022 October 5, Lauren Harby, “What We Know About Celine Dion's Health Battle”, in The List:

(idiomatic, transitive, vulgar, colloquial) To annoy, anger.


ire

From Middle English ire, from Old French ire (“ire”), from Latin īra (“wrath, rage”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eysh₂- (“to fall upon, act sharply”) (compare Old English ofost (“haste, zeal”), Old Norse eisa (“to race forward”), Ancient Greek ἱερός (hierós, “supernatural, holy”), οἶστρος (oîstros, “frenzy; gadfly”), Avestan 𐬀𐬈𐬯𐬨𐬀 (aesma, “anger”), Sanskrit एषति (eṣati, “to drive on”)). Compare also Middle English irre, erre (“anger, wrath”), from Old English yrre, ierre, eorre (“anger, wrath”).

cog

to raise the ire of someone

She lik'd not his desire; Fain would be free but dreadeth parents ire

a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the folio)”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC:

If I digg'd up thy forefathers graves, And hung their rotten coffins up in chains, It could not slake mine ire, nor ease my heart.

c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:

Or Neptune's ire, or Juno's, that so long Perplex'd the Greek and Cytherea's son.

1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

For this th' avenging Pow'r employs his darts; / And empties all his quiver in our hearts; / Thus will perſiſt, relentleſs in his ire, / Till the fair ſlave be render'd to her ſire: [...]

a. 1701 (date written), John Dryden, “The First Book of Homer’s Ilias”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume IV, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, →OCLC, page 419:

News of this notice from the university was picked up by local media and had the effect of raising the ire of some citizens who saw this as an attack on ‘Chinese heritage’, which in turn resulted in a rapid apology from the university[.]

2019, Li Huang, James Lambert, “Another Arrow for the Quiver: A New Methodology for Multilingual Researchers”, in Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, →DOI, page 3:

Meanwhile, Buffalo was under a driving ban until midnight Thursday because many of its streets were still clogged, preventing people from getting groceries and medication. In predominantly Black parts of the city, like the East Side, many residents still can’t leave their homes. Twelve-foot snow drifts still cover windows.¶ Buffalo’s slow, haphazard plowing and response has also drawn the ire of county leaders.

2022 December 27, Brianna Sacks, “Buffalo blizzard fuels racial and class divides in polarized city”, in The Washington Post, archived from the original on 2022-12-29:


flay

From Middle English flayen, flaien, fleien, from Old English *flīeġan ("to cause to fly, put to flight, frighten"; found only in compounds: āflīeġan), from Proto-Germanic *flaugijaną (“to let fly, cause to fly”), causative of Proto-Germanic *fleuganą (“to fly”).

gloss

"to cause to fly, put to flight, frighten"; found only in compounds: <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">āflīeġan</i>

inh

(UK dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Fear; a source of fear; a formidable matter; a fearsome or repellent-looking individual.


avaricious

en-adj

avaricious (comparative more avaricious, superlative most avaricious)

more avaricious (comparative)
most avaricious (superlative)

/ˌævəˈɹɪʃəs/

From Middle English avaricious, from Old French avaricieux, from avarice, from Latin avaritia (“greed”), from avarus (“greedy”), of avere (“crave, long for”).

In a word, he was called a hard, avaricious, rapacious man, whose chief business was to enrich himself...

1835, Robert Montgomery Bird, The Hawks of Hawk-Hollow:

Actuated by avarice; extremely greedy for wealth or material gain; immoderately desirous of accumulating property.


hate

en-noun

hate (countable and uncountable, plural hates)

→ Polish: hejt

→ Russian: хейт (xejt)

From Middle English hate (noun), probably from Old English hatian (“to hate”, verb) and/or Old Norse hatr (“hate”, noun). Merged with Middle English hete, hæte, heate (“hate”), from Old English hete, from Proto-Germanic *hataz (“hatred, hate”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂d- (“strong emotion”). Cognate with West Frisian haat, Dutch haat, German Hass, Danish had, Norwegian and Swedish hat.
The verb is from Middle English haten, from Old English hatian (“to hate, treat as an enemy”), from Proto-West Germanic *hatēn, from Proto-Germanic *hatāną (“to hate”), from Proto-Germanic *hataz, from the same root as above.

inh

He gave me a look filled with pure hate.

There was a lot of hate in the comments on my vlog about Lady Gaga from her fans.

(Internet slang) Negative feedback, abusive behaviour.


hate

en-verb

hate (third-person singular simple present hates, present participle hating, simple past and past participle hated)

hates (present singular third-person)
hating (participle present)
hated (participle past)
hated (past)
hate (infinitive)

People who hate broccoli may have super-sensitive taste buds.

1997, Popular Science, volume 251, number 4, page 34:

(transitive) To dislike intensely or greatly.

I put ranch dressing on pizza. Please don't hate on me.

(informal, originally African-American Vernacular) Used in a phrasal verb: hate on.


avarice

en-noun

avarice (usually uncountable, plural avarices)

From Middle English avarice, from Old French, from Latin avāritia, from avārus (“greedy”).

Excessive or inordinate desire of gain; greed for wealth

Inordinate desire for some supposed good.

лакоми́я

inordinate desire for some supposed good


spite

spite (usually uncountable, plural spites)

From Middle English spit, a shortening of despit (whence despite), from Old French despit, from Latin dēspectum (“looking down on”), from Latin dēspiciō (“to look down, despise”). Compare also Dutch spijt and German Spiet.

der

He was so filled with spite for his ex-wife, his brother was afraid of what he might do.

They did it just for spite.

This is the deadly spite that angers.

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

Out of spite, the human beings pretended not to believe that it was Snowball who had destroyed the windmill: they said that it had fallen down because the walls were too thin.

1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:

sex with older men was a way to both internalize my spite towards my mother and to find security in a father figure I lacked with my own father.

2014, Emivita, By Any Means Necessary: My Personal Struggles with Good and Evil:

Ill will or hatred toward another, accompanied with the desire to unjustifiably irritate, annoy, or thwart; a want to disturb or put out another; mild malice

քեն

ill-will or hatred toward another; a desire to vex or injure

"The time is out of joint: O cursed spite."

c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v]:

(obsolete) Vexation; chagrin; mortification.


spite

en-verb

spite (third-person singular simple present spites, present participle spiting, simple past and past participle spited)

spites (present singular third-person)
spiting (participle present)
spited (participle past)
spited (past)

She soon married again, to spite her ex-husband.

(transitive) To treat maliciously; to try to hurt or thwart.

The Danes, then […] pagans, principally spited places of religion.

1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):

(transitive, obsolete) To be angry at; to hate.

But the laſt and fatal Blow, given to that antient Learning, was in the time of Darius, Father of Xerxes, who with the reſt of the Perſians, ſpighted at the Magi, upon the Uſurpation of the Crown by one of their Number, (that counterfeited a younger Son of Cyrus after the Death of Cambyſes,) when he came to be ſetled in that Throne, endeavour'd to aboliſh, not only their Learning and Credit, but their Language too, by changing the old Aſſyrian Characters, and introducing thoſe of Perſia, which grew to be the common Uſe of that whole Empire.

a. 1700 (date written), William Temple, “Some Thoughts upon Reviewing the Essay of Antient and Modern Learning”, in Miscellanea. The Third Part. […], London: […] Jonathan Swift, […] Benjamin Tooke, […], published 1701, →OCLC, pages 240–241:

(transitive) To fill with spite; to offend; to vex.


wroth

en-adj

wroth (comparative more wroth, superlative most wroth)

more wroth (comparative)
most wroth (superlative)

From Middle English wroth, wrooth, from Old English wrāþ, from Proto-Germanic *wraiþaz (“cruel”), from Proto-Indo-European *wreyt- (“to turn”). Akin to Saterland Frisian wreed (“haughty; proud”), Old Saxon wrēd (“evil”) (Dutch wreed (“cruel”)), Old High German reid (“cruel”), Old Norse reiðr (“angry”) (Danish vred, Swedish vred).

cog

But unto Cain and to his offering he had not respect. And Cain was very wroth, and his countenance fell.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 4:5:

You behold, Sir, how he waxeth Wroth at your Abode here.

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume II, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 289:

And to be wroth with one we love, / Doth work like madness in the brain.

1816, S[amuel] T[aylor] Coleridge, “(please specify the page)”, in Christabel: Kubla Khan, a Vision: The Pains of Sleep, London: […] John Murray, […], by William Bulmer and Co. […], →OCLC:

But in the meantime Robin Hood and his band lived quietly in Sherwood Forest, without showing their faces abroad, for Robin knew that it would not be wise for him to be seen in the neighborhood of Nottingham, those in authority being very wroth with him.

1883, Howard Pyle, chapter V, in The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood […], New York, N.Y.: […] Charles Scribner’s Sons […], →OCLC:

At this Sir Launcelot was very wroth; for he could not abide seeing a fellow-knight of the Round Table treated with such disregard as that which Sir Gaheris suffered at the hands of Sir Turquine; […]

1905, Howard Pyle, The Story of the Champions of the Round Table, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, page 48:

Business men are learning that it pays to be friendly to strikers. For example, when two thousand five hundred employees in the White Motor Company's plant struck for higher wages and a union shop, Robert F. Black, the president, didn't wax wroth and condemn, and threaten and talk of tyranny and Communists. He actually praised the strikers. He published an advertisement in the Cleveland papers, complimenting them on "the peaceful way in which they laid down their tools."

1936, Dale Carnegie, How to Win Friends and Influence People, Part 3, Chapter 4:

(formal, archaic) Full of anger; wrathful.


cack

From Middle English cakken, from Old English *cacian, from Old English cac (“dung; excrement”), of uncertain origin and relation.
Cognate with English caca. Compare Dutch kakken (“to defecate”), German kacken (“to relieve oneself; defecate”), Latin cacō (“defecate”) (see there for more); compare also Irish cac (“feces, excrement”).

Audio (AU)


cack

en-verb

cack (third-person singular simple present cacks, present participle cacking, simple past and past participle cacked)

cacks (present singular third-person)
cacking (participle present)
cacked (participle past)
cacked (past)

Possibly derived from cackle (“to squawk”, verb), which has semantically shifted to “laughing uncontrollably”.

Audio (AU)

I had to cack when you fell down the stairs.


awful

en-adj

awful (comparative awfuller or more awful, superlative awfullest or most awful)

awfuller (comparative)
more awful (comparative)
awfullest (superlative)
most awful (superlative)

From Middle English agheful, awfull, auful, aȝefull, equivalent to awe + -ful. Compare Old English eġeful, eġefull (“terrifying; awful”).


triste

triste (comparative more triste, superlative most triste)

more triste (comparative)
most triste (superlative)

From Middle English trist, triste (-e form is less common), borrowed from Old French trist, triste, from Latin trīstis (“sad, sorrowful”). Re-borrowed late 18c. (as “dull, uninteresting”) as a French word in English and often spelled triste.

He said, he wanted them to take us to Heraclea that we might be educated so that we would be always good, and could be present with him and mamma although absent in body, which would keep them from feeling sad and lonely. But we could see that mamma and he were very, very triste. This made us sorry. So he talked to us of all you had written of the happiness of the people here, because they were truly good and pure in their love toward each other, without selfish concealments; then we were glad and wanted to be with you.

1877, R. Elton Smilie, chapter XXIX, in The Manatitlans; or A Record of Scientific Explorations in the Andean La Plata, S. A., Buenos Ayres: Calla Derécho, Imprenta De Razon, pages 399–400:


hydrophobia

en-noun

hydrophobia (countable and uncountable, plural hydrophobias)

/ˌhʌɪ.dɹə(ʊ)ˈfəʊ.bɪ.ə/

From Middle English idroforbia (“hydrophobia”), from Latin hydrophobia, from Ancient Greek ὑδροφοβία (hudrophobía), from ὑδρο- (hudro-), combining form of ῠ̔́δωρ (húdōr, “water”), + φοβία (phobía, “phobia”). The word is analysable as hydro- + -phobia.

inh

[page 39] HydroPhobias begin on land long before casting off. But once at sea, fear is quickly lost in the joys and pleasures of the passage. […] [page 40] There are three HydroPhobias. The Big Three. Two of the Big Three are fears that prevent landlubbers from becoming sailors. The third is primal and common to all mankind. The Big Three are 1) Fear of Flatland, 2) Fear of Being with Self, and 3) The Fear of Bogeymen.

[1998, Reese Palley, “HydroPhobias”, in Unlikely Passages, Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Sheridan House, published 2002, →ISBN, pages 39 and 40:

(psychology, colloquial) A morbid fear of water; aquaphobia.


eromenos

/ɛˈɹəʊmɛnɒs/

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἐρώμενος (erṓmenos, “beloved”).

lbor

Coordinate term: erastes

In his early twenties the young aristocratic lover (erastes) took a teen-aged youth, the eromenos or beloved, to bond with and train before going on at about age thirty to matrimony and fatherhood.

1996, William Armstrong Percy III, Pederasty and Pedagogy in Archaic Greece, University of Illinois Press, published 1998, →ISBN, page 1:

(historical) An adolescent boy in Ancient Greece who was courted by an older man, or was in an erotic relationship with him.

éromène

the younger partner in a pederastic relationship


erastes

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek ἐραστής (erastḗs, “lover”).

Coordinate term: eromenos

In regard to the boys (erōmenos) involved in ancient Greek pederasty, Dover (1978:52) asked: “What does the eromenos get out of submission to his erastēs?”

2002, Stephen O Murray, Pacific Homosexualities, iUniverse, page 80:

(historical) An adult man in Ancient Greece who courted or was in a pederastic relationship with an adolescent boy.

éraste

the older partner in a pederastic relationship


serene

From Middle English, borrowed from Latin serēnus (“clear, cloudless, untroubled”).

der

the serene of heaven

1801, Robert Southey, “(please specify the page)”, in Thalaba the Destroyer, volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] [F]or T[homas] N[orton] Longman and O[wen] Rees, […], by Biggs and Cottle, […], →OCLC:

To their master is denied / To share their sweet serene.

1742, Edward Young, Night Thoughts on Life, Death and Immortality:


mad

en-adj

mad (comparative madder, superlative maddest)

madder (comparative)
maddest (superlative)

New York City, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Baltimore

From Middle English mad, madde, madd, medd, from Old English ġemǣdd, ġemǣded (“enraged”), past participle of ġemǣdan, *mǣdan (“to make insane or foolish”), from Proto-Germanic *maidijaną (“to change; damage; cripple; injure; make mad”), from Proto-Germanic *maidaz ("weak; crippled"; compare Old English gemād (“silly, mad”), Old High German gimeit (“foolish, crazy”), literary German gemeit (“mad, insane”), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (gamaiþs, “crippled”)), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- ("to change"; compare Old Irish máel (“bald, dull”), Old Lithuanian ap-maitinti (“to wound”), Sanskrit मेथति (méthati, “he hurts, comes to blows”)).

gloss

It's mad that I got that job back a day after being fired.

(UK, Ireland, informal) Bizarre; incredible.

to be mad with terror, lust, or hatred

It is the land of graven images, and they are mad upon their idols.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 1:88:

My brother, quiet as a cat, seems perfectly contented with the internal feelings of his felicity. The Marquis, mad as a kitten, is all in motion to express it, from tongue to heel.

1787, R. Bage, The Fair Syrian, page 314:

a mad dog

(of animals) Abnormally ferocious or furious; or, rabid, affected with rabies.

I gotta give you mad props for scoring us those tickets.
Their lead guitarist has mad skills.
There are always mad girls at those parties.

(slang, chiefly New York, African-American Vernacular) Intensifier, signifying abundance or high quality of a thing; very, much or many.


mad

He was driving mad slow.

It's mad hot today.

He seems mad keen on her.

(slang, chiefly New York, African-American Vernacular, UK and Ireland, dialectal) Intensifier; to a large degree; extremely; exceedingly; very; unbelievably.


mad

en-verb

mad (third-person singular simple present mads, present participle madding, simple past and past participle madded)

mads (present singular third-person)
madding (participle present)
madded (participle past)
madded (past)

all over the place like a mad woman's custard

This musick mads me, let it sound no more.

1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene 5]:

He that mads others, if he were so humoured, would be as mad himself, as much grieved and tormented […].

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition I, section 2, member 4, subsection iv:

Carolina! Whine your body gyal! Make Dem know say you have it fi mad dem

1993 March 22, “Oh Carolina”, in Pure Pleasure, performed by Shaggy (musician):

(now colloquial US, Jamaica) To madden, to anger, to frustrate.


phobia

en-noun

phobia (plural phobias or phobiae or phobiæ)

phobias (plural)
phobiae (plural)
phobiæ (plural)

c 1790, from words ending in -phobia, from Ancient Greek φόβος (phóbos, “fear”). Compare ism, from -ism, itis, from -itis, and ana, from -ana.

I know someone with a strange phobia of ladders.

An irrational, abnormal, or obsessive fear (of something).


fancy

From Middle English fansy, fantsy, a contraction of fantasy, fantasye, fantasie, from Old French fantasie, from Medieval Latin fantasia, from Late Latin phantasia (“an idea, notion, fancy, phantasm”), from Ancient Greek φαντασία (phantasía), from φαντάζω (phantázō, “to render visible”), from φαντός (phantós, “visible”), from φαίνω (phaínō, “to make visible”); from the same root as φάος (pháos, “light”); ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂nyéti, from the root *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”). Doublet of fantasia, fantasy, phantasia, and phantasy.

doublet

And they’ve taken a fancy to me, Aunt said. Kitto and the others. That means they like me.

1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published 1993, →ISBN, page 36:

He took a fancy to her.


platonic love

en-noun

platonic love (countable and uncountable, plural platonic loves)

Attested 1636 in Platonic Lovers by William Davenant. Earlier coined in Latin in the 15th century as amor platonicus by Florentine scholar Marsilio Ficino (originally in 1476 letter to Alamanno Donati, later expounded in De amore (1484)), based on his interpretation of the Symposium by Plato, specifically the speech by Socrates, relating the thoughts of Diotima of Mantinea.

De amore
Diotima of Mantinea
Marsilio Ficino
Plato
Socrates
William Davenant
platonic love


erotophobia

Fear of sex; negative attitudes towards sex


polyandry

polyandry (usually uncountable, plural polyandries)

The having of a plurality of husbands at the same time; usually, the marriage of a woman to more than one man, or the practice of having several husbands, at the same time.


unrepentant

TfL is unrepentant about the loss of car parking around the Grade 2-listed station, which is reduced to just 47 places, including 12 for the disabled.

2022 February 23, “Network News: TfL sells car park for housing”, in RAIL, number 951, page 21:

Feeling or showing no sorrow or regret for wrongdoing.


scare

From Middle English sker, skere (“terror, fright”), from the verb Middle English skerren (“to frighten”) (see below).

a food-poisoning scare

A cause of slight terror; something that inspires fear or dread.


like

en-verb

like (third-person singular simple present likes, present participle liking, simple past and past participle liked)

likes (present singular third-person)
liking (participle present)
liked (participle past)
liked (past)

Jersey Dutch: lāike

Verb from Middle English liken, from Old English līcian (“to like, to please”), from Proto-West Germanic *līkēn, from Proto-Germanic *līkāną, from Proto-Indo-European *leyg- (“image; likeness; similarity”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian liekje (“to be similar, resemble”), Dutch lijken (“to seem”), German Low German lieken (“to be like; resemble”), German gleichen (“to resemble”), Swedish lika (“to like; put up with; align with”), Norwegian like (“to like”), Icelandic líka (“to like”).
Noun from Middle English like (“pleasure, will, like”), from the verb Middle English liken (“to like”).

inh

падаба́цца (padabácca) (intransitive, the person who likes is the object of the verb in the dative case)

plaĉi al (intransitive, the person who likes is marked with the preposition al)

dáma (with subject in dative case and object in accusative case)

hóva (with subject in dative case and object in accusative case)

líka (with subject in dative case and object in accusative case)

falla (with subject in dative case and object in accusative case)

plaire (à)

gefallen (intransitive, the person who likes is the object of the verb in the dative case)

מָצָא חֵן בְּעֵינֵי (matzá ẖen b'enéy, literally “found grace in the eyes of”) (with subject and object reversed)

tetszik (with the person or thing liked in the dative)

podobać się impf (intransitive, the person who likes is the object of the verb in the dative case)

нра́виться impf (nrávitʹsja) (intransitive, the person who likes is the object of the verb in the dative case) (e.g. мне нра́вится (mne nrávitsja) + nominative case - I like + object)

сви́ђати се impf (intransitive, the person who likes is the object of the verb in the dative case)

svíđati se impf (intransitive, the person who likes is the object of the verb in the dative case)

zespódobaś se pf (intransitive, the person who likes is the object of the verb in the dative case)

all above + indirect object: ལ་དོན (la don) (oblique/dative-locative case) (ལ/-ར (la / -ra))

подо́батися (podóbatysja) (intransitive, the person who likes is the object of the verb in the dative case)

געפֿעלן (gefeln) (intransitive, the person who likes is the object of the verb in the dative case)

Would you like a cigarette?

We could go to the museum if you like.

I don't like to disturb him when he's working.

(with 'would' and in certain other phrases) To want, desire. See also would like.


like

Adjective from Middle English lik, lyk, lich, like, from Old English ġelīċ by shortening, influenced by Old Norse líkr, glíkr; both from Proto-Germanic *galīkaz (“like, similar, same”). Related to alike; more distantly, with lich and -ly. Cognate with West Frisian like (“like; as”), Saterland Frisian gliek (“like”), Danish lig (“alike”), Dutch gelijk (“like, alike”), German gleich (“equal, like”), Icelandic líkur (“alike, like, similar”), Norwegian lik (“like, alike”) Swedish lik (“like, similar”)
Adverb from Middle English like, lyke, liche, lyche, from Old English ġelīċe (“likewise, also, as, in like manner, similarly”) and Old Norse líka (“also, likewise”); both from Proto-Germanic *galīkê, from Proto-Germanic *galīkaz (“same, like, similar”).
Conjunction from Middle English like, lyke, lik, lyk, from the adverb Middle English like.
Preposition from Middle English like, lyke, liche, lyche, lijc, liih (“similar to, like, equal to, comparable with”), from Middle English like (adjective) and like (adverb).

der

Popcorn costs something like $10 dollars at the movies.


lonely

en-adj

lonely (comparative lonelier, superlative loneliest)

lonelier (comparative)
loneliest (superlative)

From lone + -ly, or from an apheretic shortening of alonely. See lone.

At last
My love has come along
My lonely days are over
And life is like a song

1941, “At Last”, Mack Gordon, Harry Warren (music), performed by Glenn Miller, Ray Eberle (vocals), and Pat Friday (vocals):

Well, since my baby left me,
Well, I found a new place to dwell.
Well, it's down at the end of Lonely Street
At Heartbreak Hotel.
Where I'll be, I'll be so lonely, baby
Well, I'm so lonely
I'll be so lonely, I could die.

1956, “Heartbreak Hotel”, Mae Boren Axton, Tommy Durden, Elvis Presley (lyrics), performed by Elvis Presley:

You were lonely for a man
I said, "Take me as I am"
'Cause you might enjoy some madness for a while

1980 March 7, Billy Joel, “You May Be Right”, in Glass Houses:

From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts. For mariners leaving the port after lonely nights on the high seas, the delights of the B52 Night Club and Stallion Pub lie a stumble away.

2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:

Unhappy because of feeling isolated from contact with other people.

Only to those to whom in lonely passes in the night the gods have spoken, leaning through the stars, to those that have heard the voices of the gods above the morning or seen Their faces bending above the sea, only to those hath it been given to see Sardathrion, to stand where her pinnacles gathered together in the night fresh from the dreams of gods.

1906, Lord Dunsany [i.e., Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany], Time and the Gods, London: William Heineman, →OCLC, page 2:

(of a place or time) Unfrequented by people; desolate.

(of a person) Without companions; solitary.


repentant

repentant (comparative more repentant, superlative most repentant)

more repentant (comparative)
most repentant (superlative)

From Old French repentant, present participle of repentir.

I cannot believe that God wants us to kill no matter if this man is a sinner. God’s greatest commandment is one of love, not hate and revenge. I believe that this man is repentant for his wrongdoings. He has asked for forgiveness.

2013, Valorie Cunningham, Choices, FriesenPress, →ISBN:

Feeling or showing sorrow for wrongdoing.


humility

en-noun

humility (countable and uncountable, plural humilities)

From Middle English humilite, from Old French (h)umilité, from Latin humilitas (“lowness, meanness, baseness, in Late Latin humility”), from humilis (“low, lowly, humble, earth”), equivalent to humble + -ity.; see humble. Doublet of omerta. Displaced native Old English ēaþmōdnes.

der

She had established a character for humility, discretion, noiselessness and religion which Mrs. Piper greatly regretted losing.

1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1965, →OCLC, page 193:

The characteristic of being humble; humbleness in character and behavior.


hopeless

en-adj

hopeless (comparative more hopeless, superlative most hopeless)

more hopeless (comparative)
most hopeless (superlative)

From hope + -less, compare Swedish hopplös.

I am a woman, friendless, hopeless.

1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

And he a prince; To marry him is hopeleſſe;

1613–1614 (date written), John Fletcher, William Shak[e]speare, The Two Noble Kinsmen: […], London: […] Tho[mas] Cotes, for Iohn Waterson; […], published 1634, →OCLC, Act II, scene iii, page 31:

Edward Churchill still attended to his work in a hopeless mechanical manner like a sleep-walker who walks safely on a well-known round. But his Roman collar galled him, his cossack stifled him, his biretta was as uncomfortable as a merry-andrew's cap and bells.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XV, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

A gaoler struck him, pushing him back in place in the hopeless, helpless line of prisoners.

1966, James Workman, The Mad Emperor, Melbourne, Sydney: Scripts, page 41:

Without hope; despairing; not expecting anything positive.

hopeloos

destitute of hope; having no expectation of good; despairing

a hopeless cause

Giving no ground of hope; promising nothing desirable; desperate.

He's a hopeless writer, but can draw very well.

" It is a pure waste of time." "Not at all," Malone answered. "It has ventilated an evil. There were reporters in court. Surely some of them have some sense. They will note the injustice." "Not they," said Mailey. "The Press is hopeless. My God, what a responsibility these people take on themselves, and how little they guess the price that each will pay! I know."

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:


excited

excited (comparative more excited, superlative most excited)

more excited (comparative)
most excited (superlative)

The excited electrons give off light when they drop to a lower energy state.

(physics) Being in a state of higher energy.


crestfallen

crestfallen (comparative more crestfallen, superlative most crestfallen)

more crestfallen (comparative)
most crestfallen (superlative)

From crest + fallen, from the appearance of a horse with its crest (head) on its chest after defeat in a battle.

Tom's cheeks burned. He gathered himself up and sneaked off, crushed and crestfallen.

1876, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter XII, in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Hartford, Conn.: The American Publishing Company, →OCLC:

Gregson looked quite crestfallen.

1891, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, chapter VI, in A Study in Scarlet. A Detective Story, 3rd edition, London, New York, N.Y.: Ward, Lock, Bowden, and Co., […], published 1892, →OCLC:

Hall tried to convey everything by grimaces and dumb show, but Mrs. Hall was obdurate. She raised her voice. So Hall and Henfrey, rather crestfallen, tiptoed back to the bar, gesticulating to explain to her.

1897, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, chapter 12, in The Invisible Man: A Grotesque Romance, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC:

'He did it awfully well,' said the crestfallen Rat.

1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, chapter 6, in The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC:

I rushed there; no lamp! Crestfallen, I returned to my guru.

1946, Paramahansa Yogananda, chapter 15, in Autobiography of a Yogi:

And we can sense that, though permanently crestfallen, there is something in his nature, which makes him accept solitude, that is rather fearless.

1995, Roger Lewis, The Life and Death of Peter Sellers, page 743:

Yes, unfortunately, she'd heard him correctly. She was crestfallen. Here she'd come so far to ask him the question, and he didn't know the answer.

2010, Pseudonymous Bosch, chapter 3, in This Isn't What It Looks Like:

Brother Gáeth was a tall man with almost ugly features and a permanently crestfallen expression that made the elderly abbot immediately feel guilty that he had spoken so roughly.

2011, Peter Tremayne, The Chalice of Blood: A Mystery of Ancient Ireland, page 9:

Diniz was a dark man who seemed closed in on himself, always crestfallen, walking along the walls and corners, answering questions with monosyllables and whispered sounds.

2015, Alda de Jesus Oliveira, The PONTES Approach to Music Education: Learning to Reach Out:

He had short, dark hair, liberally flecked with silver-grey strands, heavily lidded brown eyes and a mouth that turned down at the edges, giving him a permanently crestfallen expression.

2021, James Bowring, Down in the Country: A Carlow Valley Mystery:


photophobia

Photophobia was the latest affliction of Afghan officialdom—by contagion, probably, from Persia which tries to nip in the bud pictures that show her not yet entirely modern.

1947, Ella K. Maillart, The Cruel Way: Switzerland to Afghanistan in a Ford, 1939, University of Chicago Press, published 2013, →ISBN, page 152:

Craig Armstrong doesn't want to be photographed. His record company wouldn't like it, he says, and besides he has flu so he looks a little puffy. So "orders" and vanity combine to stop the shoot, due to take place in a trendy bar in Glasgow's West End.
The cynic may see alternative reasons for the 39-year-old composer's photophobia, […]

1998 April 2, Barry Didcock, “How to score with Madonna (or U2 or Leonard DiCaprio)”, in The Scotsman:

He concludes that Mapplethorpe blocks racist photophobia by making the nudes whose penises are not visible highly erotic, while using blatantly penis-focused images to force white viewers to recognize that when they see a black man, they see him not just in possession of a large penis, but actually as a penis (Mercer 1991; Fanon 1952/2008).

2013, Douglas Crimp, “'Tell a Story, Save a Life' (Montage 1987-89)”, in Brenda Longfellow, Scott MacKenzie, Thomas Waugh, editors, The Perils of Pedagogy: The Works of John Greyson, McGill-Queen's University Press, →ISBN:

An aversion to or fear of being photographed, the dissemination of personal photographs, or viewing photographs.


hatred

en-noun

hatred (countable and uncountable, plural hatreds)

From Middle English hatrede, hatreden (“hatred”), from hate (“hate”) + -rede (“suffix denoting state or condition”), equivalent to hate + -red; compare sibred, Scots luferent. Related to Icelandic hatri (“hatred”).

Heav'n has no Rage, like Love to Hatred turn'd, / Nor Hell a Fury, like a Woman ſcorn'd.

1697, [William] Congreve, The Mourning Bride, a Tragedy. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, Act III, page 39:

the very circumstance which renders it so innocent is what chiefly exposes it to the public hatred

1748, David Hume, Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral., London: Oxford University Press, published 1973, § 34:

It was a casual sneer, obviously one of a long line. There was hatred behind it, but of a quiet, chronic type, nothing new or unduly virulent, and he was taken aback by the flicker of amazed incredulity that passed over the younger man's ravaged face.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 8, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

Fears and hatreds pay no attention to facts.


acidly

en-adv

acidly (comparative more acidly, superlative most acidly)

more acidly (comparative)
most acidly (superlative)

Perchance, when you are speculating why he is so acidly disposed some morning, he is but meditating upon that other half-hour which he wanted in bed, to bring his wits and his good-temper about him.

1882, Herman Charles Merivale, chapter 15, in Faucit Of Balliol, London: Chapman & Hall, page 385:

Flay involuntarily propels his gawky body forwards as he hears that his Lordship wants him, but he pulls himself up at the end of his first long step towards the door, and peers even more suspiciously and acidly at the youth in his immaculate black cloth.

1946, Mervyn Peake, “A Bloody Cheekbone”, in Titus Groan, London: Eyre & Spottiswoode:

In a brief two decades, the young British dramatists who railed angrily at the Establishment have been succeeded by caustic young playwrights who acidly mock the welfare state.

1974 October 21, “Ballet of Death”, in Time:

Commenting acidly on the loss of Vladivostok 115 years later (and on President Ford’s summit with Soviet General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev in that city), Deng Xiaoping told me that the different names given to the city by the Chinese and the Russians reflected their respective purposes: the Chinese name translated roughly as “Sea Slug,” while the Russian name meant “Rule of the East.” “I don’t think it has any other meaning except what it means at face value,” he added.

2011, Henry Kissinger, quoting Deng Xiaoping, “Notes”, in On China, New York: Penguin Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 536:


trepidation

en-noun

trepidation (countable and uncountable, plural trepidations)

Borrowed from Latin trepidātiō, from trepidō (“be agitated”).

I decided, with considerable trepidation, to let him drive my car without me.

She reached it soon after half-past two. She found its gloomy nineteenth-century façade, black with the smuts of ninety years, a little daunting, and mounted its broad steps in some trepidation. But she rang the bell hard and knocked firmly.

1915, Edgar Jepson, “The Reluctant Duke”, in Happy Pollyooly: The Rich Little Poor Girl, Indianapolis, Ind.: Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 135:

She opened the drawing-room door in trepidation. Would she find Esther drowned with her head in the goldfish bowl, or hanged from the chandelier by her stay-lace?

1929, M. Barnard Eldershaw, chapter VII, in A House is Built:

The Midlanders will hope the victory will kickstart a campaign that looked to have hit the buffers, but the sense of trepidation enveloping the Reebok Stadium heading into the new year underlines the seriousness of the predicament facing Owen Coyle's men.

2011 December 10, Marc Higginson, “Bolton 1 – 2 Aston Villa”, in BBC Sport:

anxiety over the uncertain future or possible ill-occurrence

An involuntary trembling, sometimes an effect of paralysis, but usually caused by terror or fear.

(astronomy, obsolete) A libration of the starry sphere in the Ptolemaic system; a motion ascribed to the firmament, to account for certain small changes in the position of the ecliptic and of the stars.


pederasty

pederasty (usually uncountable, plural pederasties)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek παιδεραστία (paiderastía, “love of boys”), from παιδεραστής (paiderastḗs, “pederast”), from παῖς (paîs, “child, son, boy”) + ἐραστής (erastḗs, “lover”), from ἔραμαι (éramai, “to love”).

bor

Erotic love, sexually expressed or chaste, between a man and an adolescent boy.

(archaic) Anal intercourse in general, usually between a man and an adolescent boy.


snit

Likely related to Proto-Germanic *snidaz, i.e. a a little, a bit. Also perhaps from obsolete German Schnitt which is a small amount of beer served in a larger glass.

The bartender served us each a snit with our Bloody Marys this morning.

(US, dialect) A beer chaser commonly served in three-ounce servings in highball or juice glasses with a Bloody Mary cocktail in the upper midwest states of United States including Minnesota, North Dakota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Michigan, and Illinois.


terror

en-noun

terror (countable and uncountable, plural terrors)

From late Middle English terrour, from Old French terreur (“terror, fear, dread”), from Latin terror (“fright, fear, terror”), from terrēre (“to frighten, terrify”), from Old Latin tr̥reō, from Proto-Italic *trozeō, from Proto-Indo-European *tre- (“to shake”), *tres- (“to tremble”).

der

a terror attack

the War on Terror

Rank-and-file progressives don’t usually think of the immigration policies they support—expanding refugee quotas, easing restrictions on some classes of immigrants, and ending family separation—as an endorsement of detention, deportation, and racialized terror.

2019 July 15, Greg Afinogenov, “The Jewish Case for Open Borders”, in Jewish Currents, number Summer 2019:


hope

en-verb

hope (third-person singular simple present hopes, present participle hoping, simple past and past participle hoped)

hopes (present singular third-person)
hoping (participle present)
hoped (participle past)
hoped (past)

wish

antonym(s) of “to want something to happen, with the expectation it might”

From Middle English hopen, from Old English hopian (“hope”), from Proto-West Germanic *hopōn, further etymology unclear.

To be optimistic; be full of hope; have hopes.

I hope in thy word.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms cxix:81:

Why art thou cast down, O my soul? and why art thou disquieted within me? Hope thou in God.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms xlii:11:

(intransitive) To place confidence; to trust with confident expectation of good; usually followed by in.

I hope you all the best.

(transitive, dialectal, nonstandard) To wish.


hope

en-noun

hope (countable and uncountable, plural hopes)

From Middle English hope, from Old English hopa (“hope, expectation”), from the same source as the verb hope.

hope springs eternal in the human breast

I still have some hope that I can get to work on time.

After losing my job, there's no hope of being able to afford my world cruise.

There is still hope that we can find our missing cat.

My hopes wa'n't disappointed. I never saw clams thicker than they was along them inshore flats. I filled my dreener in no time, and then it come to me that 'twouldn't be a bad idee to get a lot more, take 'em with me to Wellmouth, and peddle 'em out.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter III, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

(countable or uncountable) The feeling of trust, confidence, belief or expectation that something wished for can or will happen.

hoop

belief that something wished for can happen


hope

From Middle English hope (“a valley”), from Old English hōp (found only in placenames). More at hoop.

(Northern England, Scotland) A hollow; a valley, especially the upper end of a narrow mountain valley when it is nearly encircled by smooth, green slopes; a combe.


feeling

→ French: feeling

→ German: Feeling

→ Japanese: フィーリング

→ Italian: feeling

→ Spanish: feeling

From Middle English felynge, equivalent to feel + -ing.

where there's no sense there's no feeling

The house gave me a feeling of dread.

Part of the 'western arcade' (as it's known) is lined with delis, cafes and other shops, giving it the feeling of a bazaar.

2022 January 12, Paul Bigland, “Fab Four: the nation's finest stations: London Bridge”, in RAIL, number 948, page 31:


surprise

surprise (countable and uncountable, plural surprises)

From Middle English surprise, borrowed from Middle French surprise (“an overtake”), nominal use of the past participle of Old French sorprendre (“to overtake”), from sor- (“over”) + prendre (“to take”), from Latin super- + Latin prendere, contracted from prehendere (“to grasp, seize”). Doublet of suppli.

Imagine my surprise on learning I owed twice as much as I thought I did.

The story struck the depressingly familiar note with which true stories ring in the tried ears of experienced policemen.[…]The second note, the high alarum, not so familiar and always important since it indicates the paramount sin in Man’s private calendar, took most of them by surprise although they had been well prepared.

1963, Margery Allingham, “Eye Witness”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 249:

The feeling that something unexpected has happened.


pusillanimous

en-adj

pusillanimous (comparative more pusillanimous, superlative most pusillanimous)

more pusillanimous (comparative)
most pusillanimous (superlative)

Derived from Latin pusillanimis (“faint-hearted, timid”) + -ous.

af

The soldier deserted his troop in a pusillanimous manner.

Therefore, the wise thing is for us diligently to train ourselves to lie thoughtfully, judiciously; to lie with a good object, and not an evil one; to lie for others' advantage, and not our own; to lie healingly, charitably, humanely, not cruelly, hurtfully, maliciously; to lie gracefully and graciously, not awkwardly and clumsily; to lie firmly, frankly, squarely, with head erect, not haltingly, tortuously, with pusillanimous mien, as being ashamed of our high calling.

1882, Mark Twain, On the Decay of the Art of Lying:

(Aaron Burr and Andrew Jackson ride together in Tennessee; Burr narrates): Jackson shouted at me his view of the duel. "Never read such a damned lot of nonsense as the press has been writing! All that hypocritical caterwauling for that Creole bastard (referring to Alexander Hamilton) who fought you of his own free will, just like a gentleman which he wasn't, if you'll forgive me, Colonel! I know you couldn't have met him unless you thought he was one, but he was not, Sir. He was the worst man in this union, as you, Sir, are the best. The best, and that goes for that pusillanimous spotted caitiff of a president (referring to Thomas Jefferson) we got.

Octavian, by contrast, was pusillanimous in battle ... but proved himself extremely adept in the political arena

2007, David Potter, chapter 1, in The Emperors of Rome, page 36:

Showing ignoble cowardice, or contemptible timidity.


frisson

/ˈfɹiː.sɔ̃ː/

I felt a frisson just as they were about to announce the winner in my category.

As a perversion of freedom it was, like any perversion, erotic; as alienation it carried the frisson of having just missed the brass ring, a sensation that always brought one back for more.

1989, Greil Marcus, Lipstick Traces, Faber & Faber, published 2009:


shame

en-noun

shame (usually uncountable, plural shames)

honor

antonym(s) of “uncomfortable or painful feeling”

From Middle English schame, from Old English sċamu, from Proto-Germanic *skamō.

When I realized that I had hurt my friend, I felt deep shame.

The teenager couldn’t bear the shame of introducing his parents.

When he had saied no: what (ſaid Ariſtippus) is it ſhame to ſaile in a Shippe, that hath afoꝛetymes caried a great nomber mo: […]

1564 February, Erasmus, “The Saiynges of Aristippus”, in Nicolas Udall [i.e., Nicholas Udall], transl., Apophthegmes, that is to Saie, Prompte, Quicke, Wittie and Sentẽcious Saiynges, […], London: […] Ihon Kingston, →OCLC, book I, folio 43, verso, paragraph 42:

Have you no modesty, no maiden shame?

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

When this conversation was repeated in detail within the hearing of the young woman in question, and undoubtedly for his benefit, Mr. Trevor threw shame to the winds and scandalized the Misses Brewster then and there by proclaiming his father to have been a country storekeeper.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

An uncomfortable or painful feeling due to recognition or consciousness of one's own impropriety or dishonor, or something being exposed that should have been kept private.


shame

Shame, you poor thing, you must be cold!


shame

en-adj

shame (comparative more shame, superlative most shame)

more shame (comparative)
most shame (superlative)

She says that she doesn't touch them, this is important, sometimes maybe a handshake may make them more shame, that is shy or embarrassed.

1998, Robyn Lynn, Rosamund Thorpe, Debra Miles with Christine Cutts, Anne Butcher, Linda Ford, 'Murri way!': Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders reconstruct social welfare practice, Centre for Social Research, →ISBN, page 47:

Int.[:] What types of things have you learnt about at AIME, like about yourselves or about others?
Deon[:] To be confident.
Greg[:] Yeah be confident. And not be shame…

2018, Anthony McKnight, Valerie Harwood, Samantha McMahon, Amy Priestly, Jake Trindorfer, “'No shame at AIME': listening to Aboriginal philosophy and methodologies to theorise shame in educational contexts”, in The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, volume 49, number 1, →DOI, page 52 of 46–56:

Aunty Gracelyn is most famous for her role in developing 'Condoman', the Indigenous superhero whose catchcry and public health message 'don’t be shame be game, use condoms!' became a defining figure of Australia's HIV and AIDS crisis.

2024, Geraldine Fela, “Don't be shame, be game! Responding to HIV and AIDS in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities”, in History Australia, volume 21, number 2, →DOI, page 262 of 261–279:

(Australian Aboriginal) Feeling shame; ashamed.


shame

en-verb

shame (third-person singular simple present shames, present participle shaming, simple past and past participle shamed)

shames (present singular third-person)
shaming (participle present)
shamed (participle past)
shamed (past)
shame (infinitive)

From Middle English schamen, from Old English sċamian, from Proto-West Germanic *skamēn, from Proto-Germanic *skamāną.

I was shamed by the teacher's public disapproval.

Were there but one righteous in the world, he would[…]shame the world, and not the world him.

1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:


taphophilia

From tapho- + -philia. From Ancient Greek τάφος (táphos, “funeral rites, burial, funeral, wake; tomb, grave”) + Ancient Greek φιλία (philía, “love, fondness”).

uder

Deep interest of funerals, cemeteries and the rituals of death.


indignation

en-noun

indignation (countable and uncountable, plural indignations)

From Middle English indignacioun, borrowed from Old French indignation, from Latin indignātiō, from indignor (“to scorn, resent”), from indignus (“unworthy, not fitting”), from in- (“not”) + dignus (“worthy, appropriate”). Attested since ca. 1374. Doublet of indignatio.


scornful

en-adj

scornful (comparative more scornful, superlative most scornful)

more scornful (comparative)
most scornful (superlative)

Bleſſed is that man that hath not walked in the counſaile of the vngodly: nor ſtand in the waye of ſynners, and hath not ſit in the ſeate of ſkornefull.

1549 March 7, Thomas Cranmer [et al.], compilers, “The Introites, Collectes, Epistles, and Gospels to be Used at the Celebracion of the Lordes Supper & Holy Communion, throughe the Yeare: With Proper Psalmes, and Lessons for Diuers Feastes and Dayes”, in The Booke of the Common Prayer and Administration of the Sacramentes, […], London: […] Edowardi Whitchurche […], →OCLC, folio viia, recto:

Fie, fie, vnknit that thretaning vnkinde brovv, / And dart not ſcornefull glances from thoſe eies, / To vvound thy Lord, thy King, thy Gouernour.

c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii], page 229, column 1:

Elbows almost touching they leaned at ease, idly reading the almost obliterated lines engraved there. "I never understood it," she observed, lightly scornful. "What occult meaning has a sun-dial for the spooney? I'm sure I don't want to read riddles in a strange gentleman's optics."

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, “Silverside”, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC, page 316:

Showing scorn or disrespect; contemptuous; scathering; withering.

презрителен

showing scorn or disrespect; contemptuous


detest

en-verb

detest (third-person singular simple present detests, present participle detesting, simple past and past participle detested)

detests (present singular third-person)
detesting (participle present)
detested (participle past)
detested (past)

PIE word
 *tréyes
From Middle French detester, from Latin detestari (“to imprecate evil while calling the gods to witness", "denounce", "hate intensely”), from de- + testari (“to testify, bear witness”), from testis (“a witness”); see test, testify.

uder

I detest snakes.

Who dares think one thing, and another tell, / My heart detests him as the gates of hell.

1715–1720, Homer, translated by Alexander Pope, “Book IX”, in The Iliad of Homer, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintott […], →OCLC:

Nurse Cramer had a cute nose and a radiant, blooming complexion dotted with fetching sprays of adorable freckles that Yossarian detested.

1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “The Soldier in White”, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 171:

(transitive) To dislike (someone or something) intensely; to loathe.


miserable

en-adj

miserable (comparative more miserable, superlative most miserable)

more miserable (comparative)
most miserable (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French miserable, from Old French, from Latin miserabilis, equivalent to miser + -able.

Thanks to that penny he had just spent so recklessly [on a newspaper] he would pass a happy hour, taken, for once, out of his anxious, despondent, miserable self. It irritated him shrewdly to know that these moments of respite from carking care would not be shared with his poor wife, with careworn, troubled Ellen.

1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0056:

With some of it on the south and more of it on the north of the great main thoroughfare that connects Aldgate and the East India Docks, St. Bede's at this period of its history was perhaps the poorest and most miserable parish in the East End of London.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

The secret of being miserable is to have leisure to bother about whether you are happy or not. The cure for it is occupation, because occupation means pre-occupation

1910, George Bernard Shaw, A Treatise on Parents and Children:

In a state of misery: very sad, ill, or poor.

a miserable sinner

Wretched; worthless; mean; contemptible.

For what's more miserable than discontent?

c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

(obsolete) Causing unhappiness or misery.

the liberal-hearted man is by the opinion of the prodigal miserable, and by the judgment of the miserable lavish

1594–1597, Richard Hooker, edited by J[ohn] S[penser], Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, (please specify the page):

(obsolete) Avaricious; niggardly; miserly.


miserable

By 3:00 P.M. both DeeDee and Sandra's pants were thoroughly soaked, and this unhappy circumstance gave DeeDee a bad case of the miserables.

1984, Barbara Wernecke Durkin, Oh, You Dundalk Girls, Can't You Dance the Polka?, page 10:

(informal, in the plural, with definite article) A state of misery or melancholy.


despise

en-verb

despise (third-person singular simple present despises, present participle despising, simple past and past participle despised)

despises (present singular third-person)
despising (participle present)
despised (participle past)
despised (past)

From Middle English despisen, from Old French despis-, stem of despire, from Latin dēspicere, present active infinitive of dēspiciō (“I look down upon, despise, scorn”), from dē (“down”) + speciō (“I look at”). Displaced native Old English forsēon.

Near-synonym: hate

James still despises his brother for the time he pushed him out of a tree during their childhood.


loathe

loathe (third-person singular simple present loathes, present participle loathing, simple past and past participle loathed)

loathes (present singular third-person)
loathing (participle present)
loathed (participle past)
loathed (past)

From Middle English lothe, from Old English lāþian, from Proto-West Germanic *laiþēn, from Proto-Germanic *laiþāną. Cognate with Old Norse leiðask ( > Danish ledes, Icelandic leiðast, all reflexive), German Leid.

I loathe scrubbing toilets.

I absolutely loathe this place.

Loathing the honeyed cakes, I long for bread.

a. 1667, Abraham Cowley, Of Agriculture:

To Scriptures read they muſt their leaſure frame, / Then loath they will both luſt and wanton love; […]

1576, George Whetstone, “The Castle of Delight: […]”, in The Rocke of Regard, […], London: […] [H. Middleton] for Robert Waley, →OCLC; republished in J[ohn] P[ayne] Collier, editor, The Rocke of Regard, […] (Illustrations of Early English Poetry; vol. 2, no. 2), London: Privately printed, [1867?], →OCLC, page 20:

[…] O Hypocrites! ye hope for Enjoyment of Chriſt, but be perſwaded of it, Chriſt ſhall eternally loath you, and ye ſhall eternally loath Chriſt: […]

1736, Andrew Gray, “Sermon VI. Acts xxvi. 18. …”, in Great and Precious Promises: or, Some Sermons Concerning the Promises, and the Right Application thereof. […], Glasgow: Printed by William Duncan, […], →OCLC, page 115:

Quick-loving hearts, I thought, may quickly loathe

1850, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, “Sonnet XXXII”, in Sonnets from the Portuguese:

This movie is a historical achievement: Clint Eastwood, an icon of violence, has made us loathe violence as an obscenity. “Mystic River” hurts the way sad stories always hurt, but the craft and love with which it has been made transfigure pain into a moviegoer’s rapture

(transitive) To detest, hate, or revile (someone or something).


hairy

en-adj

hairy (comparative hairier, superlative hairiest)

hairier (comparative)
hairiest (superlative)

From Middle English hery, heeri, hary, equivalent to hair + -y. Compare Saterland Frisian hierich (“hairy”), West Frisian hierrich (“hairy”), Dutch harig (“hairy”), German Low German harig (“hairy”), German haarig (“hairy”), Swedish hårig (“hairy”), Icelandic hárugur (“hairy”). Compare also Old English hǣriht (“hairy”) and ġehǣre (“hairy”).
The sense "terrifying, scary" possibly results from a blend of hair-raising and scary.

(informal) Causing anxiety or fright; terrifying, scary.


covetous

covetous (comparative more covetous, superlative most covetous)

more covetous (comparative)
most covetous (superlative)

From Middle English coveitous, from Anglo-Norman *cuveitus, from Medieval Latin as if *cupiditosus, from Latin cupiditas (“desire”); see covet.

Intimate as she was with Lady Anne, she would not but see how little the Misses Granard had of the ordinary pleasures of their age—but it never entered into her head to add to them—had one of their sweet faces been seen in her box at the opera, it might have attracted that attention she was feverishly covetous of engrossing.

1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “(please specify the page)”, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, pages 125–126:

Distastefully keen or desirous, especially for something belonging to someone else; avaricious.

طَمَّاع

Inordinately desirous; excessively eager to obtain and possess (especially money); avaricious


bliss

en-noun

bliss (countable and uncountable, plural blisses)

From Middle English bliss, from Old English bliss, variant of earlier blīds, blīþs (“joy, gladness”), from Proto-West Germanic *blīþisi (“joy, goodness, kindness”).

inh

The afternoon at the spa was utter bliss.

Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive, / But to be young was very heaven!

a. 1851, William Wordsworth, “The French Revolution as It Appeared to Enthusiasts at Its Commencement”, in Henry [Hope] Reed, editor, The Complete Poetical Works of William Wordsworth, Philadelphia, Pa.: Hayes & Zell, […], published 1860, →OCLC, page 188:

What can you do if you are thirty and, turning the corner of your own street, you are overcome, suddenly, by a feeling of bliss—absolute bliss!—as though you'd suddenly swallowed a bright piece of that late afternoon sun and it burned in your bosom, sending out a little shower of sparks into every particle, into every finger and toe?

1918 August, Katherine Mansfield [pseudonym; Kathleen Mansfield Murry], “Bliss”, in Bliss and Other Stories, London: Constable & Company, published 1920, →OCLC, page 116:

So who is this saying that money is bliss? / Your logic remiss / You and the devil about to kiss

2002, CYNE (lyrics and music), “Steady”, in Movements:


dislike

An attitude or a feeling of distaste or aversion.

Tell me your likes and dislikes.

(usually in the plural) Something that a person dislikes (has or feels aversion to).

(Internet) An individual vote showing disapproval of, or lack of support for, something posted on the Internet.


dislike

en-verb

dislike (third-person singular simple present dislikes, present participle disliking, simple past and past participle disliked)

dislikes (present singular third-person)
disliking (participle present)
disliked (participle past)
disliked (past)

customes and conceipts differing from mine, doe not so much dislike [translating desplaisent] me, as instruct me[…].

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

(obsolete, transitive) To displease; to offend. In third-person only.

In the thick of the railway controversies of his day, Francis naturally had his prejudices. It seems that he cordially disliked the aristocracy in general.

1951 December, Michael Robbins, “John Francis's "History of the English Railway"”, in Railway Magazine, page 800:

(transitive) To have a feeling of aversion or antipathy towards; not to like.

Rebecca Black's "Friday" video has gained notoriety for being one of the most disliked videos in YouTube history.

(Internet) To leave a vote to show disapproval of, or lack of support for, something posted on the Internet.


embarrassment

en-noun

embarrassment (countable and uncountable, plural embarrassments)

The desired effect [of affectionate teasing] is a look of pleasurable embarrassment, as if you administered a compliment. Anyone who doesn't stop teasing immediately upon producing real embarrassment, anger or tears is not really teasing.

1998 February 22, Judith Martin, “Tease and sympathy”, in The Washington Post:

A state of discomfort arising from bashfulness or consciousness of having violated a social rule; humiliation.

pena

Caribbean Islands, Central America, Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela - colloquial

pudor

Uruguay - formal usage in other countries


sybaritic

en-adj

sybaritic (comparative more sybaritic, superlative most sybaritic)

more sybaritic (comparative)
most sybaritic (superlative)

/ˌsɪbəˈɹɪtɪk/

/ˌsɪbəˈɹɪtɪk/

Learned borrowing from Latin Sybarīticus (“of or pertaining to Sybaris or its inhabitants”) + English -ic (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’, forming adjectives from nouns). Sybarīticus is derived from Ancient Greek Συβαρῑτικός (Subarītikós), from Σῠβᾰρῑ́της (Subarī́tēs, “(noun) inhabitant of Sybaris; (adjective) decadent; self-indulgent”) (from Σῠ́βᾰρῐς (Súbaris, “Sybaris”) + -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs, suffix forming demonyms)) + -κός (-kós, suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’, forming adjectives). The English word is analysable as Sybarite (“inhabitant of Sybaris”) + -ic. Sybaris, a city of Magna Graecia (the coastal parts of Sicily and southern Italy once colonized by Greek settlers), was known for its wealth and the excesses and hedonism of its inhabitants.

suffix

His belly is a Ceſterne of receit, / A grand Confounder of demulcing Meate. / A Sabariticke Sea, a depthleſſe Gulfe, / A ſenceleſſe Vulture, a corroding VVolfe.

Henry Hutton (1842 September) Edward F[rancis] Rimbault, editor, Follie’s Anatomie: Or Satyres & Satyricall Epigrams […], London: […] [T. Richards] for the Percy Society, →OCLC, page 22

[S]he, for whom attendant maidens had smoothed the Sybaritic sheet of finest texture, […]

1840, F[rederick] M[arryat], “How to Write a Romance”, in Olla Podrida. […], volume III, London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longmans, […], →OCLC, page 252:

Mike took a slow sybaritic sip. "We do use liquor. A few of us—Saul, myself, Sven, some others—like it. I've learned to let it have just a little effect, then hold it, and gain a euphoric growing-closer much like trance without having to withdraw."

1961, Robert A. Heinlein, chapter XXXVI, in Stranger in a Strange Land, New York: Avon, →OCLC, page 392:

He seeks to work in the arena? […] His is a manly trade; sybaritic Rome, that is becoming effeminate, needs to see muscle at work, recalling more primitive glories.

1985 September 1, Anthony Burgess, chapter 2, in The Kingdom of the Wicked, London: Allison & Busby, published 2009, →ISBN, page 168:

He [David Hershkovits] loves to sleep late, he loves to entertain, he's an amazing cook. He's such a joyful, celebratory, sybaritic person.

2017 October 16, Alexandra Schwartz, quoting Jennifer Egan, “Jennifer Egan’s Travels Through Time”, in The New Yorker, New York, N.Y.: New Yorker Magazine Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-12-16:

Of or having the qualities of a sybarite (“a person devoted to luxury and pleasure”); dedicated to excessive comfort and enjoyment; decadent, hedonistic, self-indulgent.

sibarític

of or having the qualities of a sybarite — see also decadent, hedonistic, self-indulgent


rage

en-noun

rage (countable and uncountable, plural rages)

From Middle English rage, from Anglo-Norman rage, from Late Latin rabia, from Classical Latin rabiēs (“anger, fury”). Doublet of rabies.
Displaced native Middle English wode, from Old English wōd ("madness, fury, rage"; compare Modern dialectal English wood (“mad, insane, furious, raging”)); and Middle English hotherte (“anger”), from Old English hātheort (“fury, anger, wrath, rage”).

gl

"madness, fury, rage"; compare Modern dialectal English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">wood</i> (“mad, insane, furious, raging”)

ncog

Heav'n has no Rage, like Love to Hatred turn'd, / Nor Hell a Fury, like a Woman ſcorn'd.

1697, [William] Congreve, The Mourning Bride, a Tragedy. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, Act III, page 39:

They burned the old gun that used to stand in the dark corner up in the garret, close to the stuffed fox that always grinned so fiercely. Perhaps the reason why he seemed in such a ghastly rage was that he did not come by his death fairly. Otherwise his pelt would not have been so perfect. And why else was he put away up there out of sight?—and so magnificent a brush as he had too.

1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

That evening, Felix and Trish Homer invited me to the Sundancer for "a bit of a rage."

2013, Larry M. Edwards, Dare I Call It Murder?: A Memoir of Violent Loss, San Diego, C.A.: Wigeon Publishing, →ISBN, page 95:

(slang, US, Australia, New Zealand) An exciting and boisterous party.

And your true rights be termed a poet's rage

1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet XVII”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:

in great rage of pain

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

convulsed with a rage of grief

1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, chapter 6, in The Scarlet Letter, a Romance, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, →OCLC:

He appeased the rage of hunger with some scraps of broken meat.

1856 December, [Thomas Babington] Macaulay, “Samuel Johnson”, in T[homas] F[lower] E[llis], editor, The Miscellaneous Writings and Speeches of Lord Macaulay, new edition, London: Longman, Green, Reader, & Dyer, published 1871, →OCLC:


rage

en-verb

rage (third-person singular simple present rages, present participle raging, simple past and past participle raged)

rages (present singular third-person)
raging (participle present)
raged (participle past)
raged (past)

From Middle English ragen, from Old French rager, ragier, from the noun (see above).
Displaced native Middle English weden (“to rage with anger”), from Old English wēdan (“to rage”), among other synonyms.

ncog

These events are all about raging hard, getting as fucked up as you can. Not necessarily even about dancing, just being a face in this giant extravaganza.

2012 August 2, Simon Reynolds, quoting Nathan Messer, “How rave music conquered America”, in The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-02-13:

(slang, US, Australia, New Zealand) To party hard; to have a good time.

The King is come, deale mildly with his youth, / For young hot Colts, being rag'd, do rage the more.

1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act 2, scene 1], page 28, column 2:


nicker

onomatopoeic

Imitative


nicker

en-verb

nicker (third-person singular simple present nickers, present participle nickering, simple past and past participle nickered)

nickers (present singular third-person)
nickering (participle present)
nickered (participle past)
nickered (past)

onomatopoeic

Imitative

To produce a snigger or suppressed laugh.


nicker

The cutting lip which projects downward at the edge of a boring bit and cuts a circular groove in the wood to limit the size of the hole that is bored.


nicker

From Middle English niker, from Old English nicor, from Proto-Germanic *nikwis. Cognate with German Nix (“water demon”) and German Nixe (“mermaid”); also related to Old Norse nykr (“water demon”) (see there for further descendants). Doublet of nix.

And in another tale, told at Kemnitz of the Nicker, as he is there called, when he asks the midwife how much he owes her, she answers that she will take no more from him than from other people.

1891, Edwin Sidney Hartland, The Science of Fairy Tales, page 48:

A type of mythological sea creature or sea monster; also, a water sprite; a nix or nixie; a mermaid or merman.