kiss

en-verb

kiss (third-person singular simple present kisses, present participle kissing, simple past and past participle kissed)

kisses (present singular third-person)
kissing (participle present)
kissed (participle past)
kissed (past)

From Middle English kissen, kussen, from Old English cyssan (“to kiss”), from Proto-West Germanic *kussijan, from Proto-Germanic *kussijaną (“to kiss”).
Cognates include Saterland Frisian küsje, Dutch kussen, German Low German küssen, German küssen, Danish kysse, Swedish kyssa, Norwegian kysse, Icelandic kyssa. Compare Proto-Indo-European *ku-, *kus- (probably imitative), with byspels including Ancient Greek κύσσω (kússō), poetic form of κύσω (kúsō, “to kiss”), and Hittite [script needed] (kuwassanzi, “they kiss”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

ncog

you kiss your girlfriend with that mouth

you kiss your grandfather with that mouth

you kiss your grandmother with that mouth

He […] kissed her lips with such a clamorous smack, / That at the parting all the church echoed.

c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

I'll kiss thy foot. I'll swear myself thy subject.

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

But then I had the [massive] flintlock by me for protection. […] The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window[…], and a 'bead' could be drawn upon Molly, the dairymaid, kissing the fogger behind the hedge, little dreaming that the deadly tube was levelled at them.

1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

I kissed a girl and I liked it / The taste of her cherry chapstick / I kissed a girl just to try it / I hope my boyfriend don't mind it

2008 April 28, Katy Perry, Dr. Luke, Max Martin, Cathy Dennis, “I Kissed a Girl”, in One of the Boys, performed by Katy Perry:

(transitive) To touch with the lips or press the lips against, usually to show love or affection or passion, or as part of a greeting.

The nearside of the car just kissed a parked truck as he took the corner at high speed.

His ball kissed the black into the corner pocket.

Like fire and powder, / Which as they kiss consume.

c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vi]:

Rose, rose and clematis, / Trail and twine and clasp and kiss, / Kiss, kiss; and make her a bower / All of flowers, and drop me a flower, / Drop me a flower.

1867–1870 (date written), Alfred Tennyson, Arthur Sullivan, composer, “No. II. At the Window.”, in The Window: Or, The Songs of the Wrens […], London: Strahan & Co., […], published 1871, →OCLC:

Night hath fled away into the valleys. The dawn kisseth the mountain tops.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

(transitive, intransitive) To (cause to) touch lightly or slightly; to come into contact.

We're kissing in the moonlight / Love was shining so bright and true

1990, Norell Oson Bard (lyrics and music), “Kissing in the Moonlight”performed by The Boppers:

(reciprocal) Of two or more people, to touch each other's lips together, usually to express love or affection or passion.


kiss

From Middle English kis, kys, kus, forms of cos influenced by kissen, from Old English coss, from Proto-West Germanic *koss, from Proto-Germanic *kussaz.

A touch with the lips, usually to express love or affection, or as a greeting.

With some satisfaction, Gergory read this through twice, signed it and added kisses[.]

1966, Brian W. Aldiss, The Saliva Tree, published 1968, page 67:

An 'X' mark placed at the end of a letter or other type of message, signifying the bestowal of a kiss from the sender to the receiver.

(astronomy) The alignment of two bodies in the solar system such that they have the same longitude when seen from Earth; conjunction.

(aviation) A low-speed mid-air collision between the envelopes of two hot air balloons, generally causing no damage or injury.


Achillean

en-adj

Achillean (comparative more Achillean, superlative most Achillean)

more Achillean (comparative)
most Achillean (superlative)

/ˌækɪˈliːən/

Historically, there was indeed an Achillean, homosexual flavor of the declassé bachelorhood out of which Hitler and others formed the advance guard of National Socialism.

1980, Douglas Fowler, A Reader's Guide to Gravity's Rainbow, page 169:

Thus, he exalts as a means of republican cohesion, as the unshakeable basis of the modern nation what he calls "manly love," a sort of Achillean friendship, but at the same time it is this love, this passionate friendship that he sings.

1995, Gay Wilson Allen, Ed Folsom, Walt Whitman & the World, →ISBN, page 254:

For Theocritus Idyll 29.34 the sexual love between Achilles and Patroclus was so uncontroversial that it could be referred to in a pederastic poem by means of the shorthand "Achillean friends".

2007, Waldemar Heckel, Lawrence A. Tritle, Pat Wheatley, Alexander's Empire: Formulation to Decay, page 87:

Of or relating to sexual or romantic intimacy between men, supposedly in the style of Achilles' relationship with Patroclus.


outrage

en-verb

outrage (third-person singular simple present outrages, present participle outraging, simple past and past participle outraged)

outrages (present singular third-person)
outraging (participle present)
outraged (participle past)
outraged (past)

/ˈaʊt.ɹɪd͡ʒ/

From Middle English outrage, from Old French outrage, oultrage (“excess”), from Vulgar Latin *ultrāticum ("a going beyond"), derived from Latin ultrā (“beyond”). Later reanalysed as out- + rage, whence the contemporary pronunciation, though neither of these is etymologically related.
The verb is from Middle English outragen, from Old French oultragier.

Their will the tiger sucked, outraged the storm

1742–1745, [Edward Young], The Complaint: Or, Night-Thoughts on Life, Death, & Immortality, London: […] [Samuel Richardson] for A[ndrew] Millar […], and R[obert] Dodsley […], published 1750, →OCLC:

(obsolete, transitive) To rage in excess of.


horny

en-adj

horny (comparative hornier, superlative horniest)

hornier (comparative)
horniest (superlative)

(sexually aroused): → Irish: adharcach (semantic loan)

(sexually aroused): → Russian: хорни (xorni)

(sexually aroused): → Saterland Frisian: honig

From the phrase "having the horn", and similar phrases which were used to refer to male sexual arousal in the 18th century, later abbreviated to horn (a hard projection) + -y (having the quality of); initially this referred to physical sexual response in males (the male erection being analogized as a "horn"), yet later was semantically generalized to refer not only to sexual arousal but also to sexual desire in both males and females.

suffix

(of males, obsolete) In a state of physical sexual arousal: experiencing tentigo, tumescence of the penis as a result of sexual arousal.


Sehnsucht

Borrowed from German Sehnsucht, from sehnen (“to long”) + Sucht (“anxiety; sickness; addiction”).

(literary) Tender, wistful, or melancholic desire; yearning, longing.


mope

en-verb

mope (third-person singular simple present mopes, present participle moping, simple past and past participle moped)

mopes (present singular third-person)
moping (participle present)
moped (participle past)
moped (past)

Late Middle English (as a noun meaning "simpleton, fool"), probably related to mop (“young of an animal, moppet”).
Alternatively, of North Germanic origin, related to Swedish mopa (“to sulk”), Danish måbe, themselves borrowed from Low German mopen (“to make faces, gape”), of uncertain ultimate origin, but compare Proto-West Germanic *mauwu (“protruding lip, pout”). Compare also German muffen, French moue.

der

(intransitive) To carry oneself in a depressed, lackadaisical manner; to give oneself up to low spirits; to pout, sulk.


horrid

en-adj

horrid (comparative horrider or more horrid, superlative horridest or most horrid)

horrider (comparative)
more horrid (comparative)
horridest (superlative)
most horrid (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin horridus (“rough, bristly, savage, shaggy, rude”), from horrere (“to bristle”). See horrent, horror, ordure.

bor

Not in the legions / Of horrid hell, can come a devil more damned / In evils, to top Macbeth.

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

Give colour to my pale cheek with thy blood, / that we the horrider may seem to those / Which chance to find us;

1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

Set out the altar! I myself will be / The priest, and boldly do those horrid rites / You shake to think on.

c. 1622, John Fletcher, Philip Massinger, “The Sea-Voyage. A Comedy.”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, Act V, scene iv:

What say ye then to fair Sir Percivale, / And of the horrid foulness that he wrought,

1859, Alfred Tennyson, “Vivien”, in Idylls of the King, London: Edward Moxon & Co., […], →OCLC, page 132:


lizard

From Middle English lesarde, lisarde, from Anglo-Norman lusard, from Old French lesard (compare French lézard), from Latin lacertus, which is of obscure origin. Displaced native Middle English aske, from Old English āþexe (> modern English ask, askard).

lounge lizard; lot lizard; beach lizard; truck stop lizard

(in compounds) A person who idly spends time in a specified place, especially a promiscuous female.


cross

→ Japanese: クロス (kurosu)

From Middle English cross, cros, from Old English cros (“rood, cross”), perhaps from Old Irish cros (compare Welsh croes, Irish crois), perhaps from Latin crux (cruci). In this sense displaced native Middle English rood, from Old English rōd; see rood.
The sense of "two intersecting lines drawn or cut on a surface; two lines intersecting at right angles" without regard to religious signification develops from the late 14th century.
cognates
*Old Norse kross (“cross”)
*Icelandic kross (“cross”)
*Faroese krossur (“cross”)
*Danish kors (“cross”)
*Swedish kors (“cross”)
*German Kreuz (“cross”)
*Dutch kruis (“cross”)

the church-lands lying within the same, which were called the Cross

1612, John Davies, Discoverie of the True Causes why Ireland was never entirely subdued:


manic

en-adj

manic (comparative more manic, superlative most manic)

more manic (comparative)
most manic (superlative)

From mania + -ic; Ancient Greek μανικός (manikós). Doublet of maniac.

(psychiatry) Suffering from mania, the state of an abnormally elevated or irritable mood, arousal, and/or energy levels.


eerie

eerie (comparative eerier, superlative eeriest)

eerier (comparative)
eeriest (superlative)

From Middle English eri (“fearful”), from Old English earg (“cowardly, fearful”), from Proto-Germanic *argaz. Akin to Scots ergh, argh from the same Old English source. Doublet of argh.

She began to feel eerie.

'It is my business to read the hearts o' men,' said the other. 'And who may ye be?' said Heriotside, growing eerie.

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

внушаващ суеверен страх

frightened, timid — see also frightened, timid


gast

en-verb

gast (third-person singular simple present gasts, present participle gasting, simple past and past participle gasted)

gasts (present singular third-person)
gasting (participle present)
gasted (participle past)
gasted (past)

From Middle English gasten, from Old English gǣstan, from Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną. Also spelled ghast due to association with ghost.

Or whether gasted by the noise I made, full suddenly he fled.

c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:


glad

en-adj

glad (comparative gladder or more glad, superlative gladdest or most glad)

gladder (comparative)
more glad (comparative)
gladdest (superlative)
most glad (superlative)

From Middle English glad, gled, from Old English glæd (“shining; bright; cheerful; glad”), from Proto-Germanic *gladaz (“shiny; gleaming; radiant; happy; glossy; smooth; flat”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰladʰ-, from *ǵʰelh₂- (“to shine”).
Cognate with Scots gled, glaid (“shining; bright; glad”), Saterland Frisian glääd (“smooth; sleek”), West Frisian glêd (“smooth”), Dutch glad (“smooth; sleek; slippery”), German glatt (“smooth; sleek; slippery”), Danish, Norwegian and Swedish glad (“glad; happy; cheerful”), Icelandic glaður (“glad; joyful; cheery”), Latin glaber (“smooth; hairless; bald”), Russian гла́дкий (gládkij, “smooth”). Doublet of glatt.

cog

New York City, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Baltimore

I'm glad the rain has finally stopped.

A wise son maketh a glad father.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 10:1:

Glad am I that your highness is so arm'd / To bear the tidings of calamity.

1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene 2]:

"I was dragged up at the workhouse school till I was twelve. Then I ran away and sold papers in the streets, and anything else that I could pick up a few coppers by—except steal. I never did that. I always made up my mind I'd be a big man some day, and—I'm glad I didn't steal."

1909, Archibald Marshall [pseudonym; Arthur Hammond Marshall], chapter II, in The Squire’s Daughter, New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead and Company, published 1919, →OCLC:

usually expressed by a construction with the noun áthas m


chortle

Perhaps a blend of chuckle + snort. Coined by Lewis Carroll in his poem Jabberwocky, completed in 1855 but only introduced to the public in his 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass.

He frequently interrupted himself with chortles while he told us his favorite joke.

A joyful, somewhat muffled laugh, rather like a snorting chuckle.


happiness

en-noun

happiness (countable and uncountable, plural happinesses)

Yes, Aline, true happiness comes of true love, and true love should be independent of external influences.

(uncountable) The emotion of being happy; joy.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.

1776, United States Declaration of Independence:

(archaic, uncountable) Prosperity, thriving, wellbeing.

All happineſſe bechance to thee in Millaine.

c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 20, column 2:

(archaic, uncountable) Good luck; good fortune.

Some Beauties yet, no Precepts can declare, / For there's a Happineſs as well as Care.

1711 May, [Alexander Pope], An Essay on Criticism, London: […] W[illiam] Lewis […]; and sold by W[illiam] Taylor […], T[homas] Osborn[e] […], and J[ohn] Graves […], →OCLC, page 10:

(obsolete, countable) Fortuitous elegance; unstudied grace, used especially of language.


homo

en-adj

homo (comparative more homo, superlative most homo)

more homo (comparative)
most homo (superlative)

(colloquial, sometimes derogatory) Of or pertaining to homosexuality.


lust

en-noun

lust (countable and uncountable, plural lusts)

From Middle English lust, from Old English lust (“lust, pleasure, longing”), from Proto-West Germanic *lustu, from Proto-Germanic *lustuz.
Akin to Old Saxon, Dutch lust, Old Frisian, Old High German, German Lust, Swedish lust, Danish lyst, Icelandic lyst, Old Norse losti, Gothic 𐌻𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌿𐍃 (lustus), and perhaps to Sanskrit लष् (laṣ), लषति (laṣati, “to desire”) and Albanian lushë (“bitch, savage dog, promiscuous woman”), or to English loose. Compare list (“to please”), listless.

cog

Seeing Leslie fills me with a passionate lust.

A feeling of strong desire, especially such a feeling driven by sexual arousal.

𐕎𐔼𐔵

strong desire, especially of a sexual nature

The boarders hide their lust to go home.

For little lust had she to talk of ought.

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 21:

[T]he vvorld thruſts it ſelfe betvvixt me and heauen; and, by his darke and indigeſted parts, eclipſeth that light vvhich ſhined to my ſoule. Novv, a ſenſeleſſe dulneſſe ouer-takes mee, and beſots mee; my luſt to deuotion is little, my ioy none at all: Gods face is hid, and I am troubled.

1608, Joseph Hall, “Epistle I. To Sʳ. Robert Darcy. The Estate of a True, but Weake Christian.”, in Epistles […], volume I, London: […] H[umphrey] L[ownes] for Samuel Macham & E[leazar] Edgar […], →OCLC, 2nd decade, page 108:

(archaic) A general want or longing, not necessarily sexual.

An ideal son is his father's lasting lust.

Pompe, pryde, honour, ryches & worldly luſt
Parrot ſayth playnly, ſhall tourne all to duſt

(archaic) A delightful cause of joy, pleasure.

Trees will grow greater, and bear better fruit, if you put salt, or lees of wine, or blood, to the root: the cause may be the increasing the lust or spirit of the root.

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

(obsolete) virility; vigour; active power


lust

en-verb

lust (third-person singular simple present lusts, present participle lusting, simple past and past participle lusted)

lusts (present singular third-person)
lusting (participle present)
lusted (participle past)
lusted (past)

He was lusting after the woman in the tight leather miniskirt.

(intransitive, usually in the phrase "lust after") To look at or watch with a strong desire, especially of a sexual nature.


sorrow

en-noun

sorrow (countable and uncountable, plural sorrows)

From Middle English sorow, sorwe, sorghe, sorȝe, from Old English sorg, sorh (“care, anxiety, sorrow, grief”), from Proto-West Germanic *sorgu, from Proto-Germanic *surgō (compare West Frisian soarch, Dutch zorg, German Sorge, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian sorg), from Proto-Indo-European *swergʰ- (“watch over, worry; be ill, suffer”) (compare Old Irish serg (“sickness”), Tocharian B sark (“sickness”), Lithuanian sirgti (“be sick”), Sanskrit सूर्क्षति (sū́rkṣati, “worry”). Despite the similarity in form and meaning, not historically related to sorry and sore.

der

But sorrow that is couch'd in seeming gladness
Is like that mirth fate turns to sudden sadness.

c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

The safe and general antidote against sorrow is employment.

August 28, 1750, Samuel Johnson, The Rambler No. 47

She had nursed all the children, including Sandro, to whom she was devoted, and my husband was just as fond of her. His going away to America was a great sorrow to her, and she always kept the sacred light burning on a little altar for Sandro all the time of his long absence.

1903, Maud Salvini, “Salvini as I Know Him”, in The Theatre, number 3, page 312:

Vaublanc, in San Domingo so sympathetic to the sorrows of labour in France, had to fly from Paris in August, 1792, to escape the wrath of the French workers.

1963, C.L.R. James, The Black Jacobins, 2nd Revised edition, page 14:

Parting is such sweet sorrow.

(countable) (usually in plural) An instance or cause of unhappiness.


sorrow

en-verb

sorrow (third-person singular simple present sorrows, present participle sorrowing, simple past and past participle sorrowed)

sorrows (present singular third-person)
sorrowing (participle present)
sorrowed (participle past)
sorrowed (past)

‘Sorrow not, sir,’ says he, ‘like those without hope.’

1749, Henry Fielding, Tom Jones, Folio Society, published 1973, page 424:

When, as sometimes happens, a lad dies from the effect of the operation, he is buried secretly in the forest, and his sorrowing mother is told that the monster has a pig's stomach as well as a human stomach, and that unfortunately her son slipped into the wrong stomach.

1911, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 11, page 241:

(intransitive) To feel or express grief.

It is impossible to make a man naturally blind, to conceive that he seeth not; impossible to make him desire to see, and sorrow his defect.

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

(transitive) To feel grief over; to mourn, regret.


joy

en-noun

joy (countable and uncountable, plural joys)

Krio: jɔy

From Middle English joye, borrowed from Old French joie, from Late Latin gaudia, neuter plural (mistaken as feminine singular) of Latin gaudium (“joy”), from gaudēre (“to be glad, rejoice”). Doublet of jo and gaudy (“Oxford college reunion”). Displaced native Old English ġefēa.

doublet

a child's joy on Christmas morning

They will be a source of strength and joy in your life.

[…]purſued his vnneighbourly purpoſe in ſuch ſort: that hee being the ſtronger perſwader, and ſhe (belike) too credulous in beleeuing or elſe ouer-feeble in reſiſting, from priuate imparlance, they fell to action; and continued their cloſe fight a long while together, vnſeene and vvithout ſuſpition, no doubt to their equall ioy and contentment.

1620, Giovanni Bocaccio, translated by John Florio, The Decameron, Containing an Hundred Pleaſant Nouels: Wittily Diſcourſed, Betweene Seuen Honourable Ladies, and Three Noble Gentlemen, Isaac Iaggard, Nouell 8, The Eighth Day:

It was a joy to snatch some brief respite, and find himself in the rectory drawing–room. Listening here was as pleasant as talking; just to watch was pleasant. The young priests who lived here wore cassocks and birettas; their faces were fine and mild, yet really strong, like the rector's face; and in their intercourse with him and his wife they seemed to be brothers.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter X, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

A feeling of extreme happiness or cheerfulness, especially related to the acquisition or expectation of something good.

the joys and demands of parenthood

For, ye are our glory and ioy.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Thessalonians 2:20:

A thing of beauty is a joy forever.

1818, John Keats, “Book I”, in Endymion: A Poetic Romance, London: […] T[homas] Miller, […] for Taylor and Hessey, […], →OCLC, page 1:


joy

'Joy! joy!' he cried, throwing his arms towards Heaven, 'on a grave be the site of our Temple; and now our happiness is for Eternity!'

1842, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Lily’s Quest”, in Twice-Told Tales, volume II, Boston, Mass.: James Munroe and Company, →OCLC, page 306:

Hanrahan closed his mouth, tried unsuccessfully to breathe through his nose, then opened his mouth again. "Oh, joy," he muttered. "This kid doesn't even go to the bathroom, I bet. Probably been taught not to. It isn't nice."

1983, Gregory Mcdonald, Fletch and the Man Who, New York, N.Y.: Warner Books, →ISBN, page 56:

(dated, often sarcastic) Expressing appreciation and happiness.


joy

en-verb

joy (third-person singular simple present joys, present participle joying, simple past and past participle joyed)

joys (present singular third-person)
joying (participle present)
joyed (participle past)
joyed (past)

From Middle English joyen, joȝen, joien, from Old French jöir, from the noun (see above).

I haue my wish, in that I ioy thy sight,

1594, Christopher Marlow[e], The Troublesome Raigne and Lamentable Death of Edward the Second, King of England: […], London: […] [Eliot’s Court Press] for Henry Bell, […], published 1622, →OCLC, (please specify the page):

For from the time that Scudamour her bought,
In perilous fight, she neuer ioyed day […].

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 5:

Is this the Love, is this the recompence
Of mine to thee, ingrateful Eve, exprest
Immutable when thou wert lost, not I,
Who might have liv’d and joyd immortal bliss,
Yet willingly chose rather Death with thee:

1667, John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, lines 1164-1168:

Yet neither pleasure’s art can joy my spirits,
Nor yet the other’s distance comfort me.

c. 1607–1608, William Shakeſpeare, The Late, And much admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre. […], London: Imprinted at London for Henry Goſſon, […], published 1609, →OCLC, [Act I, scene 2]:

(transitive, obsolete) To gladden; to make joyful; to exhilarate.


world-weary

en-adj

world-weary (comparative world-wearier, superlative world-weariest)

world-wearier (comparative)
world-weariest (superlative)

/ˈwɜːld ˌwɪəɹi/

O here
 Will I ſet vp my euerlaſting reſt:
 And ſhake the yoke of inauſpicious ſtarres
 From this world-wearied fleſh: […]

[c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii], page 75, column 2:

Till you ſhall bid this ſad, world weary ſpirit, / To peaceful regions wing her weary flight.

1770, [Francis Gentleman], “Zenobia. A Tragedy. Anonymous.”, in The Dramatic Censor; or, Critical Companion, volume I, London: J[ohn] Bell, […], York, Yorkshire: C. Etherington, […], →OCLC, page 401:

Yes! they are such spots as thousands are longing for; as the day-dreaming young, and the world-weary old, are yearning after, and painting to their mind's eye, daily in great cities; [...]

1838, William Howitt, “Nooks of the World; Or, A Peep into the Back Settlements of England”, in The Rural Life of England: … In Two Volumes, volume I, London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longmans, →OCLC, part III, page 252:

Those who smiled upon my childhood / Oft round my chair I see, / Who, though grey-haired and world-weary, / Yet grew young again with me!

1850 October, “The Aged Lady”, in Blackwood’s Lady’s Magazine and Gazette […], volume XXIX (New Series), number CLXXIII, London: A. H. Blackwood, Simpkin & Page, […]; Dublin: Bolton and Grant; Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, →OCLC, page 131:

"The doctrine of eternal recurrence as a hammer in the hand of the most powerful …" poses the question: "Do you want this once more and innumerable times more …" as "a doctrine strong enough to have the effect of breeding: strengthening the strong, paralyzing and breaking the worldweary."

1970, Bernd Magnus, “Heidegger’s Nietzsche in Critical Perspective”, in Heidegger’s Metahistory of Philosophy: Amor Fati, Being and Truth, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, →OCLC, pages 139–140; softcover edition, Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media, 2012, →DOI, →ISBN, part II (Heidegger’s Metahistory of Philosophy), pages 139–140:

[Holocaust memorials and museums] form a specific genre of architecture [...] indeed there may even be a certain world-weary resistance to their proliferation [...].

1995, Adrian Dannatt, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum: James Ingo Freed (Architecture in Detail), London: Phaidon Press, →ISBN, page 5; quoted in Elizabeth Ellsworth, “The U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum as a Scene of Pedagogical Address”, in Places of Learning: Media, Architecture, Pedagogy, New York, N.Y., Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge, 2005, →ISBN, page 101:

I've been around the block a few too many times (set 'em up, Joe …). Scott has a depth of family experience far beyond my own; I'm world-wearier and have taken poorer care of myself.

2003, David Lazar, “On Three Fraternal Aphorisms”, in The Body of Brooklyn (Sightline Books), Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press, →ISBN, page 104:

His [Frank Sinatra's] vocal problems, caused by polyps on his vocal chords, left him with a deeper and huskier voice. A world-wearier one that, along with his publicized personal problems, appealed to an older audience and more sophisticated college students, and replaced the young romantic sound.

2017, Frank A. Salamone, “1950s Music”, in The Intertwining of Culture and Music: Love and the Times, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, →ISBN, page 46:

"Yeah." It was him, alright; if the world's weariest pair of workboots hadn't tipped her off, his world-weary voice certainly would have. "Where were you?"
"My quarters. We've got a full ticket set today, and techs work best without oversight." Neither of these things was untrue, though the curation was more than a little dishonest.
"Maybe yours do." Nascimbeni rolled out, back flat against a neon orange creeper, and sat up with an audible wince. "Mine fuck the dog."

2022 September 19, HarryBlank, “Beyond Repair”, in SCP Foundation, archived from the original on 2024-09-15:

Tired of the ways of the world; feeling apathetic or cynical due to one's life experiences.


Weltschmerz

Borrowed from German Weltschmerz, from Welt (“world”) + Schmerz (“physical ache, pain; emotional pain, heartache, sorrow”). The German word was coined by the author Jean Paul (1763–1825) in his novel Selina (posthumously published in 1827).

And in this respect [Ludwig] Uhland presents a marked and useful contrast to the lackadaisical, sentimental, Weltschmerz school, the poets of which trade on their own pretended misery, and, cunningly enough, suggest that their poems must be touching and true in proportion as the authors set themselves forth as peculiarly skilled in bitterness of heart and badness of life.

1864 July, “Art. II. 1. Gedichte von Ludwig Uhland. 4th Edition, with Preface by Dr. Holland. […] [book review]”, in John Taylor Coleridge, editor, The Quarterly Review, volume 116, number 231, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 53:

[page 118] It speaks well for the general healthiness of the English nation that we have no words corresponding to ‘Weltschmerz’ or ‘Ennui’. The ordinary Englishman experiences neither of these things. […] [page 119] Weltschmerz is a species of disease, a sort of spiritual measles—or to give a more technical diagnosis, it is the revolt of a young soul against the stone and iron of existence. […] ‘Ennui’ only attacks people either of hopeless incapacity or incurable laziness. Weltschmerz on the other hand is a positive, restless, state, a state of protest against the nature of things.

[1891 Michaelmas term, T. A. B., “Weltschmerz”, in The Caian: The Magazine of Gonville and Caius College, volume I, number 2, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: [J. and C. F. Clay, at the University Press for Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge], →OCLC, pages 118 and 119:

The artificial woe of the ancient armorist, whose days were a perpetual honeyed despair and his nights one long lachrymose vigil, is an extinct literary tradition; but a new, a different, and, alas! a more real sadness has taken its place—the modern world-sadness, the Weltschmerz, which infects all we do and are, not excepting our love-making— […]

1892, William Watson, “Preface”, in William Watson, editor, Lyric Love: An Anthology, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page xiii:

Here we have it at once, blended though it may be with the new elements of purging humour and all-embracing Weltschmerz, in [William] Shakespeare's Hamlet.

1938 April, W. S. Heckscher, “Was This the Face…?”, in Journal of the Warburg Institute, volume I, number 4, London: Warburg Institute, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 297:

[Henry] Koerner's painting did have the heaviness, the harsh humor and the all-pervading weltschmerz which characterized German expressionism in the 1920s.

1947 April 28, “Art: Berlin’s Best”, in Henry R[obinson] Luce, editor, Time, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2011-02-03:

A man-to-man touch then on his buttoned epaulet. A middle-aged smile full of Weltschmerz.

1973, Thomas Pynchon, “Part 3: In the Zone”, in Gravity’s Rainbow, New York, N.Y.: Viking Press, →ISBN, page 348:

The country was fat with peacetime prosperity, but lots of people were afflicted with a postwar funk called weltschmerz. They were depressed by what they'd seen of the "civilized" world. Soon whole bunches of people in their 20s and 30s moved to ski towns, checking out of the mainstream altogether. Their goal was no more lofty than having the freedom to spend day after endless day in a peaceful bubble, close to nature and on snow-covered slopes. Here was the weltschmerz antidote—and the birth of the parallel universe.

2001 December, Susan Reifer, “Skiing is Good: Carry the Solitude and Peace of the Mountains with You”, in Rick Kahl, editor, Skiing, volume 54, number 4, Boulder, Colo.: Time4 Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 64, columns 2–3:

Execution, the band's second record, burns with intense weltschmerz, its existential crises cloaked in buoyant instrumental hooks and shimmery arrangements.

2002 October, Maya Singer, “Rilo Kiley: The Execution of All Things: Saddle Creek”, in CMJ New Music Monthly, number 106, New York, N.Y.: The CMJ Network, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 46:

An apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort with the human condition or state of the world; mal du siècle, world-weariness.

համաշխարհային վիշտ

apathetic or pessimistic view of life; depression concerning or discomfort ith the human condition or state of the world — see also world-weariness


mood

From Middle English mood, mode, mod, from Old English mōd (“mind,” in poetry also “heart, spirit, courage”), from Proto-West Germanic *mōd, from Proto-Germanic *mōdaz (“sense, courage, zeal, anger”), from Proto-Indo-European *moh₁-, *meh₁- (“endeavour, will, temper”). Cognate with Scots mude, muid (“mood, courage, spirit, temper, disposition”), Saterland Frisian Moud (“courage”), West Frisian moed (“mind, spirit, courage, will, intention”), Dutch moed (“courage, bravery, heart, valor”), German Low German Mood (“mind, heart, courage”), German Mut (“courage, braveness, heart, spirit”), Danish mod (“courage, heart, bravery”), Swedish mod (“courage, heart, bravery”), Icelandic móður (“wrath, grief, moodiness”), Latin mōs (“will, humour, wont, inclination, mood”), Russian сметь (smetʹ, “to dare, venture”).

cog

He's in a mood with me today.

Rath was clearly in a mood, and only Jay could fix that. They found Carver first. Rath was even less amused to see Carver in the drill room than he had been to find Duster. He grabbed Carver with his free hand, and dragged him out.

2010, Michelle West, City of Night: A Novel of the House War, Penguin, →ISBN:

Joel was obviously in a mood, and if he was going to start yelling, Alex would rather be alone. “What did I do this time?” “It's more what you didn't do, idiot.”

2018, Catherine Lievens, Beacon in the Darkness, eXtasy Books, →ISBN, page 93:

A sullen, gloomy or angry mental state; a bad mood.

I'm not in the mood for running today.

Paul: Shield practice? Gurney, we had shield practice this morning. I'm not in the mood.
Gurney: Not in the mood? Mood's a thing for cattle and loveplay, not fighting.

1984, 13:10 from the start, in Dune (Science Fiction), →OCLC:

"The Placer SPCA brings by some kittens and puppies, and I do my best to get everyone tipsy and in a donating mood."

2018, Rebecca Chastain, A Fistful of Frost, Mind Your Muse Books, →ISBN:

A disposition to do something, a state of mind receptive or disposed to do something.

A good politician senses the mood of the crowd.

This was the mood that led him to deny to Mainstream, the successor to the New Masses , permission to reprint “Reading, Writing, and the Rackets.” This was the mood that, when he was invited to a meeting to draft a letter of protest […]

1994, Kenneth Fearing, Complete Poems, page xxvi:

By the early 1970s, more than 50,000 American deaths and the accompanying failed foreign-policy objectives had changed the country's mood.

2010, Richard J. Murnane, John B. Willett, Methods Matter, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 8:

A prevalent atmosphere, attitude, or feeling.

“I'm only here for a night. I'm road tripping with a friend and he decided we needed a queer bar, stat.” “Oh, that's a whole mood.”

2019, Kris Ripper, Runaway Road Trip: (A Definitely-Not-Romantic Adventure):

To borrow an idiom from the extremely online, late Godard is a mood.

2019, A.O. Scott, “'The Image Book' Review: Godard Looks at Violence, and Movies”, in The New York Times:

[…] For academics, not being familiar with new phrases that your students cofindently wield is a whole mood. […]

2020, Birgit Breidenbach, Aesthetic and Philosophical Reflections on Mood: Stimmung and Modernity, Routledge, →ISBN:

He'd drawn a variety of designs on the white rubber toes. “Nice shoes,” I said. “Likewise,” he said, glancing down at my rockabilly-red peep toe pumps. “Those kicks are a whole-ass mood.” Whether Steven liked them on me or might like to […]

2020, Cynthia St. Aubin, Love Bites, Oliver-Heber Books:

(slang) A familiar, relatable feeling, experience, or thing.


mood

The mood most frequently encountered in English is the indicative, of which the mood in this sentence is an example.

(grammar) A verb form that depends on how its containing clause relates to the speaker’s or writer’s wish, intent, or assertion about reality.


fetish

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *fakjō
Latin faciō
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Italic *-tos
Latin -tus
Latin factus
Latin -īcius
Latin factīcius
Portuguese feitiçobor.
French fétichebor.
English fetish
Borrowed from French fétiche, from Portuguese feitiço, from Latin factīcius (“artificial”). Doublet of factitious.

etymon

I know a guy who has a foot fetish.

a fetish for leather

The first time, I was confused. His needs were obscure to me, and what I could perceive of them seemed to me ridiculous, laughable, like a fetish for lace-up shoes.

1985, Margaret Atwood, “Soul Scrolls”, in The Handmaid’s Tale, Toronto, Ont.: McClelland and Stewart, →ISBN, page 163:

Sexual attraction to or arousal at something abnormally sexual or nonsexual, such as an object or a nonsexual part of the body.

ֆետիշ

something nonsexual which arouses sexual desire


unicorn

From Middle English unicorne, unikorn, from Anglo-Norman unicorne, Old French unicorne, and their source, Latin ūnicornis, from ūnus (“one”) + cornū (“horn”). Other senses from either rarity (e.g., possessing multiple skills) or by physical resemblance to having a horn (e.g., howitzer). The finance sense was coined by American investor Aileen Lee and first used in a 2013 article.

But I also think, “They’re looking for a unicorn — a magical designer who can solve all their problems.” It’s too bad unicorns don’t exist. … I have never met a designer who is an expert in all those skill areas. … Even if you find a unicorn designer with all those skills, actually doing all those things at your company is a huge amount of work.

2011 November 1, Braden Kowitz, “Hiring a designer: hunting the unicorn”, in Google Ventures:

He believes that good data scientists, “otherwise known as unicorn data scientists,” have three types of expertise.

2015 October 3, Gil Press, “These Are The Skills You Need To (Eventually) Become A $240,000+ Unicorn Data Scientist”, in Forbes:

en:someone or something rare and hard to find

en:person with so much multidisciplinary expertise as to be rare

Someone or something that is rare and hard to find.

(business) A person with multidisciplinary expertise, especially a laundry list of three or more skills in a young field such as UX design or data science (e.g., domain knowledge, statistics, and software engineering).

Coordinate term: decacorn

As the price of Web hosting plummeted and PCs and cell phones proliferated, college and grad-school dropouts like Mark Zuckerberg or Larry Page and Sergey Brin could suddenly conjure unicorns on their laptops.

2016 October 3, Tad Friend, “Sam Altman’s Manifest Destiny”, in The New Yorker:

In May 2016, out of 163 global unicorns, China had 31, with a total valuation of $154 billion or about 26 percent of global unicorn valuation.

2017, Pongsak Hoontrakul, Economic Transformation and Business Opportunities in Asia, Springer, →ISBN, page 273:

(finance) A startup company whose valuation has exceeded one billion U.S. dollars, which is solely backed by venture capitalists, and which has yet to have an IPO.


unicorn

en-verb

unicorn (third-person singular simple present unicorns, present participle unicorning, simple past and past participle unicorned)

unicorns (present singular third-person)
unicorning (participle present)
unicorned (participle past)
unicorned (past)

Since Waze, Soluto and Onavo, both Israeli startups, have had great exits in consumer tech, and Wix “unicorned” through its IPO.

2014 November 3, Itay Hod, “The Airbnb of Home-Cooked Meals”, in Daily Beast:

For eager investors looking to score in a future IPO, the eight still-private martech unicorns might be tempting. That list includes Domo, Slack, Sprinklr, Shopify, and EventBrite, all of which have “unicorned,” or surpassed the billion-dollar valuation mark, in the past year or two.

2015 April 30, John Koetsier, “29 martech unicorns: There are now almost 30 $1B+ marketing technology vendors”, in Venture Beat:

For instance, at the same time as Intercom was announcing its unicorning moment, a young Dublin tech company called Let's Get Checked (letsgetchecked.com) raised €10m in a funding round.

2018 April 1, Adrian Weckler, “Admit it: Irish tech is on the up”, in The Independent:

(finance) To exceed a valuation of one billion U.S. dollars, while solely backed by venture capitalists.


squeeze

From earlier squize, squise (whence also dialectal English squizzen and squeege), first attested around 1600, further origin uncertain; probably an alteration of quease (which is attested since 1550), from Middle English queisen (“to squeeze”), from Old English cwēsan, cwȳsan (“to crush, squeeze”), itself also of unknown origin, perhaps imitative (compare Swedish qväsa, kväsa (“to squeeze, bruise, crush; quell”), Dutch kwetsen (“to injure, hurt”), German quetschen (“to squeeze”)). Or, a blend of obsolete squiss (“to squeeze”) (whence also squash and squish) with quease. Compare also French esquicher from Old Occitan esquichar (“to press, squeeze”).
The slang expression "to put the squeeze on (someone or something)", meaning "to exert influence", is from 1711. The baseball term "squeeze play" is first recorded 1905. "Main squeeze" ("most important person") is attested from 1896, the specific meaning "one's sweetheart, lover" is attested in 1970s.
The nonstandard strong forms squoze and squozen, attested dialectally since at least the mid-19th century, are by analogy with freeze.

cog

I want to be your main squeeze.

“No, Mona. Her new squeeze is one of Wage's boys.”

1984, William Gibson, Neuromancer (Sprawl; book 1), New York, N.Y.: Ace Books, →ISBN, page 9:

He spent nights cruising queer bars near the pad, saw Wiltsie at the dives, but always in the company of his squeeze, a guy he called 'Duane.'

1988, James Ellroy, Dudley Smith Trio: The Big Nowhere, LA Confidential, White Jazz, Random House, →ISBN, page 459:

His young squeeze had just backed out and had not seen the assault on her “sugar daddy” when it happened!

2012, J. Lamar, Tip Tap Toe, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 141:

But even considering that, he might have been a bit more restrained if he hadn't run into his former sexy squeeze, Penny Atieno.

2014, N. Lombardi Jr., Journey Towards a Falling Sun, John Hunt Publishing, →ISBN:

He didn't smile. "Del. I have two girlfriends already. If I wanted a third—"

2023 September 18, HarryBlank, “Hidden Depths”, in SCP Foundation, archived from the original on 2024-05-25:


long for

I asked the doctor if I was long for this world (likely to live a long time)

But it doesn't matter, because Roxie's not long for this town. As soon as her mother's better, she'll be on her way to Paris.

2009, Karen Hawkins, Talk of the Town, page 126:


confidence

en-noun

confidence (countable and uncountable, plural confidences)

From Middle English confidence, from Latin cōnfīdentia (possibly via Old French confidence), from cōnfīdō (“believe, confide in”) from con- (“with”) + fīdō (“trust”).
Morphologically confide + -ence.


passion

passion (countable and uncountable, plural passions)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₁-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *pet-der.?
Latin patior
Proto-Italic *-tjō
Latin -tiō
Latin passiōbor.
Old English passion
Latin passiōbor.
Old French passionbor.
Middle English passioun
English passion
From Middle English passioun, passion, from Old French passion (and in part from Old English passion), from Latin passio (“suffering”), noun of action from perfect passive participle passus (“suffered”), from deponent verb patior (“I suffer”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hurt”), see also Old English fēond (“devil, enemy”), Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌰𐌽 (faian, “to blame”).

etymon

We share a passion for books.

That was partly because of a swirling wind that made precision passing difficult and also a derby atmosphere where the emphasis seemed to be on passion rather than football.

2011 January 16, Saj Chowdhury, “Sunderland 1 – 1 Newcastle”, in BBC Sport, archived from the original on 2019-12-07:

Any great, strong, powerful emotion, especially romantic love or extreme hate.

A Body at reſt affords us no Idea of any active Power to move; and when it is ſet in motion its ſelf, that Motion is rather a Paſſion, than an Action in it: [...]

1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], “Of Power”, in An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC, book II, § 3, page 116:

(obsolete) The state of being acted upon; subjection to an external agent or influence; a passive condition


affectionate

en-adj

affectionate (comparative more affectionate, superlative most affectionate)

more affectionate (comparative)
most affectionate (superlative)

/əˈfɛkʃənət/

Partly from Latin affectionatus, partly from affection + -ate. Doublet of aficionado.

(obsolete) Eager; passionate; strongly inclined toward something.


jumpy

jumpy (comparative jumpier, superlative jumpiest)

jumpier (comparative)
jumpiest (superlative)

“It was the butler who saw him go. Twelve o’clock at night and raining hard. So next night I was up at the house and, sure enough, master was off again. Stephens and I went after him, but it was jumpy work, for it would have been a bad job if he had seen us.[…].”

1927 March 5, Arthur Conan Doyle, “The Adventure of Shoscombe Old Place”, in The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes, London: John Murray, […], published June 1927 (May 1952 printing), →OCLC, page 281:


aghast

aghast (comparative more aghast, superlative most aghast)

more aghast (comparative)
most aghast (superlative)

From Middle English agast, agasted, past participle of agasten (“to terrify”), from Old English a- (compare with Gothic 𐌿𐍃- (us-), German er-, originally meaning "out") + gæstan (“to terrify, torment”): compare Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan, “to terrify”, literally “to fix, to root to the spot with terror”); akin to Latin haerere (“to stick fast, cling”). By surface analysis, a- + ghast/gast. See gaze, hesitate.

cog

I was aghast when the incident unfolded in front of me.

Betraide by fortune and ſuſpitious loue,
Threatned with frowning wrath and iealouſie,
Surpriz’d with feare and hideous reuenge,
I ſtand agaſt: […]

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene ii:

And while the revellers stood aghast at the fury of the man, one more wicked or, it may be, more drunken than the rest, cried out that they should put the hounds upon her.

1902, Arthur Conan Doyle., The Hound of the Baskervilles:

1985, Les Misérables, the song "Red and Black"
I am agog! I am aghast! Is Marius in love at last?

We sat at a long table with a huge salmon on a platter in the center, prepared Szechuan style. Dad sat at one end of the table, and regaled all present with his stories. In the middle of one convoluted yarn, he rose and went around to the salmon in the center of the table. Using his fingers, he dug an eyeball out of the fish, popped it in his mouth and swallowed it whole as we looked on, aghast. “A real delicacy,” he said, with a boyish smirk.

2003, Brian Herbert, “Xanadu”, in Dreamer of Dune, New York: Tom Doherty Associates, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 259:

Hart, for one, will not remember the night for Lambert's heroics. Morrison, not closed down quickly enough, struck his shot well but England's No1 will be aghast at the way it struck his gloves then skidded off his knees and into the net.

2013 August 14, Daniel Taylor, The Guardian:

Terrified; struck with amazement; showing signs of terror or horror.


afraid

en-adj

afraid (comparative more afraid, superlative most afraid)

more afraid (comparative)
most afraid (superlative)

From Middle English affrayed, affraied, past participle of afraien (“to affray”), from Anglo-Norman afrayer (“to terrify, disquiet, disturb”), from Old French effreer, esfreer (“to disturb, remove the peace from”), from es- (“out”) + freer (“to secure, secure the peace”), from Frankish *friþu (“security, peace”), from Proto-Germanic *friþuz (“peace”), from Proto-Germanic *frijōną (“to free; to love”), from Proto-Indo-European *prāy-, *prēy- (“to like, love”). By surface analysis, affray + -ed. Compare also afeard. More at free, friend.

der

He is afraid of death.

He is afraid to die.

He is afraid that he will die.

I went through the worst Ku Klux proposition in the country at the time it was at its height. And I had to go down to the Ku Klux meeting and tell them what I thought of them, and I wasn't afraid of them at all. And I'm not afraid of this situation because I think it'll work out in a way that when these people sit down and get a chance to think and study the situation, they're going to be ashamed of some of the things they've done.

1964, Harry S. Truman, 2:28 from the start, in MP2002-77 Former President Truman Discusses Bigotry in the United States, Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum, National Archives Identifier: 595162:

Impressed with fear or apprehension; in fear.

mesitiyya

impressed with fear or apprehension; in fear; apprehensive

бая́цца impf (bajácca) (usually expressed with verb)

"I am afraid" — tá eagla orm (literally “fear is upon me”)

(usually expressed with the verbs:) obawiać się impf

боя́щийся (bojáščijsja) (usually expressed with verb:) боя́ться (bojátʹsja)

боя́тися impf (bojátysja) (usually expressed with verb)


agonize

en-verb

agonize (third-person singular simple present agonizes, present participle agonizing, simple past and past participle agonized)

agonizes (present singular third-person)
agonizing (participle present)
agonized (participle past)
agonized (past)

From French agoniser, from Late Latin agonizare, from Ancient Greek ἀγωνίζομαι (agōnízomai, “to fight, contend”). See agony.

der

That dreadful bill […] was one of the chief torments of her life. At all hours of the night or day it was waiting just round the corner of her consciousness, ready to spring upon her and agonise her […]

1935, George Orwell, A Clergyman’s Daughter, page 8:

(transitive) To cause agony or anguish in someone.


affection

en-noun

affection (countable and uncountable, plural affections)

From Middle English affection, affeccion, affeccioun, from Old French affection, from Latin affectiōnem, from affectiō; equivalent to affect + -ion.

Our affections for wild animals are distributed very unevenly. Take insects.

2013 August 23, Mark Cocker, “Wings of Desire”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 11, page 26:

It is known that each individual has a variety of affections, one affection when in joy, another when in grief, another when in sympathy and compassion, another when in sincerity and truth, another when in love and charity, another when in zeal or in anger, another when in simulation and deceit, another when in quest of honor and glory, and so on.

1905, Emanuel Swedenborg, chapter 27, in John C. Ager, transl., Heaven and Hell:

An emotion; a feeling or natural impulse acting upon and swaying the mind.


agony

agony (countable and uncountable, plural agonies)

14th century, via Old French and Latin from Ancient Greek ἀγωνία (agōnía, “emulation, competition, struggle”), from ἀγών (agṓn, “contest”). Specifically of the struggle that precedes death (mortal agony) from the 1540s.
The sense of "extreme pain" from c. 1600.

der

And being in an agonie, he prayed more earneſtly,[…].

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 22:44, column 1:

(biblical) The sufferings of Jesus Christ in the garden of Gethsemane.

tuska

Bible: sufferings of Jesus Christ in the garden of Gethsemane


desire

en-noun

desire (usually uncountable, plural desires)

From Middle English desire (noun) and desiren (verb), from Old French desirer, desirrer, from Latin dēsīderō (“to long for, desire, feel the want of, miss, regret”), apparently from de- + sidus (in the phrase de sidere, "from the stars") in connection with astrological hopes. Compare consider and desiderate. Displaced native Old English wilnung (“desire”) and wilnian (“to desire”).


phantasmophobia

Based on the Ancient Greek roots φάντασμα (phántasma, “ghost”) + φόβος (phóbos, “fear”).

An abnormal or irrational fear of ghosts and phantoms.


agape

en-noun

agape (countable and uncountable, plural agapae or agapai)

(countable) A love feast, especially one held in the early Christian Church in connection with the Eucharist.


angrily

en-adv

angrily (comparative more angrily, superlative most angrily)

more angrily (comparative)
most angrily (superlative)

/ˈæŋ.ɡɹə.li/

From Middle English angrily, equivalent to angry + -ly.

"Leave me alone for once," she said angrily.

"So it was a trick," said Narkunda angrily.

1943, H. Lorna Bingham, The Lost Tribe, Sydney: Winn and Co., page 13, column 1:

In an angry manner; under the influence of anger.


apathetic

en-adj

apathetic (comparative more apathetic, superlative most apathetic)

more apathetic (comparative)
most apathetic (superlative)

He then added a few general offers of service, but offered as if he would be glad if they were accepted; and when Guido knelt for his parting benediction, it was given with a warmth and sincerity not often used by the apathetic and haughty minister.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XIV, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 167:

Void of feeling; not susceptible of deep emotion.


annoyance

en-noun

annoyance (countable and uncountable, plural annoyances)

From Middle English anoyaunce (rare form of noyaunce), from Old French anuiance, anoiance, from the verb anuier (“to cause problems”), equivalent to annoy + -ance. Compare French ennui.

feeling mild annoyance

‘I’m not annoyed with you,’ Lizzie said, putting a hand on Dimple’s shoulder. ‘Well, I am. But you’re my sister. So the annoyance is nothing new.’

2022, Candice Carty-Williams, People Person, Trapeze, page 273:

(uncountable) The psychological state of being annoyed or irritated.

раздразне́ние

the psychological state of being annoyed or irritated


anxious

en-adj

anxious (comparative more anxious or anxiouser, superlative most anxious or anxiousest)

more anxious (comparative)
anxiouser (comparative)
most anxious (superlative)
anxiousest (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin anxius, from angō (“to cause pain, choke”); akin to Ancient Greek ἄγχω (ánkhō, “to choke”). See anger; angst.


alarm

en-noun

alarm (countable and uncountable, plural alarms)

From Middle English alarme, alarom, borrowed from Middle French alarme, itself from Old Italian all'arme! (“to arms!, to the weapons!”), ultimately from Latin arma (“arms, weapons”).

Arming to answer in a night alarm.

c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:

A summons to arms, as on the approach of an enemy.

Alarm and resentment spread through the camp.

1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 1, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

Sudden surprise with fear or terror excited by apprehension of danger; in the military use, commonly, sudden apprehension of being attacked by surprise.


alarm

en-verb

alarm (third-person singular simple present alarms, present participle alarming, simple past and past participle alarmed)

alarms (present singular third-person)
alarming (participle present)
alarmed (participle past)
alarmed (past)

When the carriage drew up in the grass-grown court yard before the hall-door, two lazy-looking men, whose appearance well accorded with that of the place which they tenanted, alarmed by the obstreperous barking of a great chained dog, ran out from some half-ruinous out-houses, and took charge of the horses; […]

1838, Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu, Passage in the Secret History of an Irish Countess:

(transitive) To give (someone) notice of approaching danger or necessary action; to rouse to vigilance; to put on the alert.

alarmar

to give notice (by sound or otherwise) of approaching danger

The tower cab supervisor and various pilots stated that the LLWAS system frequently alarms because of the thunderstorm activity present, and that airspeed losses are common as a result of convective wind shear.

1985 March 21, National Transportation Safety Board, “2.2 Environmental Factors”, in Aircraft Accident Report: United Airlines Flight 663, Boeing 727-222, N7647U, Denver, Colorado, May 31, 1984, page 39:

(transitive, of a device) To produce a warning of approaching danger or necessary action; to emit a signal intended to rouse a recipient to vigilance or put them on the alert.

(transitive) To surprise with apprehension of danger; to fill with anxiety in regard to threatening evil; to excite with sudden fear.

(transitive) To keep in excitement; to disturb.


anxiety

en-noun

anxiety (countable and uncountable, plural anxieties)

From Latin anxietās, from anxius (“anxious, solicitous, distressed, troubled”), from angō (“to distress, trouble”), akin to Ancient Greek ἄγχω (ánkhō, “to choke”). Equivalent to anxious + -ety. See anger; angst.

(pathology) A state of restlessness and agitation, often accompanied by a distressing sense of oppression or tightness in the stomach.


bother

en-verb

bother (third-person singular simple present bothers, present participle bothering, simple past and past participle bothered)

bothers (present singular third-person)
bothering (participle present)
bothered (participle past)
bothered (past)

→⇒ Irish: badráil

→ Jersey Dutch: boddere

Borrowed from Scots bauther, bather (“to bother”). Origin unknown. Perhaps related to Scots pother (“to make a stir or commotion, bustle”), also of unknown origin. Compare English pother (“to poke, prod”), variant of potter (“to poke”). More at potter. Perhaps related to Irish bodhaire (“noise”), Irish bodhraim (“to deafen, annoy”).

كلف

to take the trouble, to trouble oneself to do something

Would it bother you if I smoked?

(transitive) To annoy, to disturb, to irritate; to be troublesome to, to make trouble for.

pla

to annoy, to disturb, to be troublesome to

Why do I even bother to try?

(intransitive, catenative) To take the trouble, to trouble oneself (to do something).

You didn’t even bother to close the door.

To do something which is of negligible inconvenience.

vaevuma

to do something which is of negligible inconvenience


bother

en-noun

bother (countable and uncountable, plural bothers)

There was a bit of bother at the hairdresser's when they couldn't find my appointment in the book.

It was a 15-minute return trip to walk back home to pick up my device, but I weighed it up and decided that it wasn’t worth the bother.

2015 January 18, Monty Munford, “What’s the point of carrying a mobile phone nowadays?”, in The Daily Telegraph:


bother

[H]e suddenly flung down his brush on the floor, said "Bother!" and "Oh blow!" and also "Hang spring-cleaning!" and bolted out of the house without even waiting to put on his coat.

1908, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, London: Wordsworth Classics, published 1993, page 11:

"Oh, help!" said Pooh. "I'd better go back."
"Oh, bother!" said Pooh. "I shall have to go on."
"I can't do either!" said Pooh. "Oh, help and bother!"

1926, A A Milne, Winnie the Pooh, Methuen & Co., Ltd., Chapter 2 ...in which Pooh goes visiting and gets into a tight place


sexual preference

sexual preference (countable and uncountable, plural sexual preferences)

My family has shut me out from their lives because of my sexual preference.

1986 December 7, Tommy Griffis, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, volume 14, number 21, page 14:

Sexual orientation
sexual orientation#English


anguish

anguish (countable and uncountable, plural anguishes)

From Middle English angwissh, anguishe, angoise, from Anglo-Norman anguise, anguisse, from Old French angoisse, from Latin angustia (“narrowness, scarcity, difficulty, distress”), from angustus (“narrow, difficult”), from angere (“to press together, cause pain, distress”). See angst, the Germanic cognate, and anger.

der

So, ye miserable people; you must go to God in anguishes, and make your prayer to him.

1549, Hugh Latimer, "The Third Sermon Preached before King Edward VI

Is there no play,
To ease the anguish of a torturing hour?

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

Love of your selfe, she saide, and deare constraint,
Lets me not sleepe, but wast the wearie night
In secret anguish and unpittied plaint,
Whiles you in carelesse sleepe are drowned quight.

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto LIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

But they hearkened not unto Moses for anguish of spirit, and for cruel bondage.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 6:9:

There, loathing Life, and yet of Death afraid,
In Anguish of her Spirit, thus she pray'd.

1700, [John] Dryden, “Cinyras and Myrrha, out of the Tenth Book of Ovid’s Metamorphosis”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

May I the sacred pleasures know
Of strictest amity, nor ever want
A friend with whom I mutually may share
Gladness and anguish […]

1708, [John Philips], “Book I”, in Cyder. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], →OCLC:

She took his trembling hand, and kissed it, and put it round her neck: she called him her John—her dear John—her old man—her kind old man; she poured out a hundred words of incoherent love and tenderness; her faithful voice and simple caresses wrought this sad heart up to an inexpressible delight and anguish, and cheered and solaced his over-burdened soul.

1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 18, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:

A terrible scream—a prolonged yell of horror and anguish—burst out of the silence of the moor. That frightful cry turned the blood to ice in my veins.

1889, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Hound of the Baskervilles:

In midnight sleep of many a face of anguish,
Of the look at first of the mortally wounded, (of that indescribable
look,)
Of the dead on their backs with arms extended wide,
I dream, I dream, I dream.

1892, Walt Whitman, “Old War-Dreams”, in The Leaves of Grass:

Extreme pain, either of body or mind; excruciating distress.


apoplexy

en-noun

apoplexy (countable and uncountable, plural apoplexies)

Late Middle English from Old French apoplexie, from Late Latin apoplexia, from Ancient Greek ἀποπληξία (apoplēxía, “madness; apoplexy, paralysis”), from ἀποπλήσσω (apoplḗssō, “to cripple by a stroke”) + -ία (-ía, nominal suffix). See plague.

af

Ten Straight White Males die of a mysterious disease and the nation has apoplexy — Headlines — TV Reports — Sympathy. MONEY comes pouring in and there was no discussion about where to find it.

1983 August 13, Jim Wilson, “Learning From AIDS”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 5, page 6:

(informal) A state of intense and almost uncontrollable anger.


enthusiasm

en-noun

enthusiasm (countable and uncountable, plural enthusiasms)

First attested from 1603, from Middle French enthousiasme, from Late Latin enthusiasmus, from Ancient Greek ἐνθουσιασμός (enthousiasmós), from ἐν (en, “in”) + θεός (theós, “god”) + οὐσία (ousía, “essence”).

der

ἐνθουσιασμός

Try to curb your enthusiasm.

They have a great enthusiasm for country music.

Intensity of feeling; excited interest or eagerness.


appall

en-verb

appall (third-person singular simple present appalls, present participle appalling, simple past and past participle appalled)

appalls (present singular third-person)
appalling (participle present)
appalled (participle past)
appalled (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-appall.wav

From Middle English apallen, from Old French apalir (“to grow pale, make pale”); a (Latin ad) + palir (“to grow pale, to make pale”), pâle (“pale”). See pale (adj.) and compare with pall.

der

The evidence put forth at the court appalled most of the jury.

The house of peers was somewhat appalled at this alarum.

1702–1704, Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, “(please specify |book=I to XVI)”, in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed at the Theater, published 1707, →OCLC:

(transitive) To fill with horror and/or indignation; to dismay.

плаша

to depress or discourage with fear; to impress with fear


acarophobia

/ˌækəɹəˈfəʊbi.ə/

His acarophobia was obvious from his reaction when I told him he had lice.

(medicine) The fear of itching or of small crawling insects that cause itching, such as mites or lice.


cacophobia

From caco- + -phobia, from Ancient Greek κακός (kakós) + φόβος (phóbos).


achluophobia

From Ancient Greek ἀχλύς (akhlús, “darkness”) and -phobia.

If you have a severe case of achluophobia (fear of the dark), for instance, you may want to wait at the mouth of the cave.

2007, Dave Smith, Backcountry Bear Basics: The Definitive Guide to Avoiding Unpleasant Encounters, The Mountaineers Books, →ISBN:

When I was little, I had achluophobia and had to sleep with some kind light, any kind of light.

2013, Chris Island, Gunny's Short Stories and Life Lessons, Trafford Publishing, →ISBN, page 56:

I'm not exactly sure when I was diagnosed with achluophobia—the fear of darkness—but I've always been afraid to be left alone in the dark.

2013, Si Robertson, Si-cology 1: Tales and Wisdom from Duck Dynasty’s Favorite Uncle, Howard Books, →ISBN, page 37:


catagelophobia

In response to the other July/August request, for a word to describe a "fear of inadvertently throwing something valuable out with the garbage," many, many phobias arrived. Evidently the readers who sent them in suffer from neither doxophobia (fear of expressing opinions) nor neophobia (fear of anything new or novel), and some would even seem to be remarkably free of catagelophobia (fear of being ridiculed).

2001 December, Barbara Wallraff, “Word Fugitives”, in The Atlantic Monthly:


cainophobia

From the Ancient Greek roots καινός (kainós, “new”) or καινότης (kainótēs, “newness”) + -phobia.

It is not by means of a social xenophobia and cainophobia that we shall succeed in junking our sawdust goals but only by a sincere and passionate openness to new experience.

1962, Liberal Education, volume 48, page 518:

Sounds like a raging case of cainophobia with a large side helping of gnosiophobia.

2002 September 4, maf1029 [username], “Re: Homosexuals have phobias”, in alt.politics.homosexuality (Usenet):

The question to ask is whether this free text fixation is the result of report optimization, inertia, or cainophobia.

2009, Bruce I. Reiner, “The Challenges, Opportunities, and Imperative of Structured Reporting in Medical Imaging”, in Journal of Digital Imaging:

The fear of newness and/or of things that are new.


ablutophobia

From Latin ablutio (“a washing”) + Ancient Greek φόβος (phóbos, “fear”).

Pathological fear of washing or bathing.


heterosexuality

en-noun

heterosexuality (usually uncountable, plural heterosexualities)

From heterosexual + -ity or hetero- + sexuality.

The state of being sexually and romantically attracted primarily or exclusively to persons of the opposite sex.


bisexuality

bisexuality (countable and uncountable, plural bisexualities)

(of humans or other animals) The state of being sexually or romantically attracted to members of either sex or gender.

1926, Dorothy E. Newton, The Bisexuality of Individual Strains of Coprinus Rostrupianus:

Recall from earlier in this paper that H. longicornis consists of obligatory bisexual diploid races (20+XX 0; 20+X) […] and variance is obscured because of the simultaneous variables of method of reproduction (bisexuality vs. thelytoky) and […]

1983, Entomological Society of America, Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America:

(chiefly botany) The state of being bisexual (“having both male and female parts or roles”).


appalling

en-adj

appalling (comparative more appalling, superlative most appalling)

more appalling (comparative)
most appalling (superlative)

That was an appalling waste of money.


bubbly

bubbly (comparative bubblier, superlative bubbliest)

bubblier (comparative)
bubbliest (superlative)

She has a bubbly personality.

“Our priority is to make relationships with people,” says Mariana Gomes, a bubbly social worker who methodically jots down whom she meets and what they need in a giant binder.

2024 July 12, Dominique Soguel, “How Portugal became a world leader in fighting drug addiction”, in The Christian Science Monitor:


antipathy

en-noun

antipathy (countable and uncountable, plural antipathies)

PIE word
 *h₂énti
Borrowed from Middle French antipathie (“deep dislike; object of dislike; incompatibility between things”) (modern French antipathie (“dislike, antipathy”)), and from its etymon Latin antipathīa (“counteraction; natural aversion, antipathy”), from Ancient Greek ἀντῐπάθειᾰ (antipátheia, “suffering instead”), Koine Greek ἀντῐπάθειᾰ (antipátheia, “contrary affection; contrast; counteraction; opposition”), from ἀντῐπᾰθής (antipathḗs, “(adjective) felt mutually; in return for suffering; (noun) remedy for suffering”) (from ἀντι- (anti-, prefix meaning ‘against’) + πᾰ́θος (páthos, “death; disaster; misfortune; pain; suffering; strong feeling, emotion, passion, pathos”) (further etymology uncertain, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to bind; a bond”) or *kʷendʰ- (“to endure; to suffer”)) + -ης (-ēs, suffix forming third-declension adjectives)) + -ειᾰ (-eia, suffix forming feminine adjectives and nouns).

der

For of our Alphabet the .P. doth omenouſly begin / Of theſe this much diſtaſted Ranck, […] vvere other Rankes not free / Of Publique-vveales Antipathie, prooling and peruerſe, P.

1606, William Warner, “The Fourteenth Booke. Chapter LXXX.”, in A Continuance of Albions England: […], London: […] Felix Kyngston [and Richard Bradock?] for George Potter, […], →OCLC, page 344:

A Sect, vvhoſe chief Devotion lies / In odde perverſe Antipathies; / In falling out vvith that or this, / And finding ſomevvhat ſtill amiſs: […]

1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “Canto I”, in Hudibras. The First Part. […], London: […] J. G. for Richard Marriot, […], →OCLC, page 8:

[A] man may cry out against ſin, of policy; but he cannot abhor it, but by virtue of a godly antipathy againſt it: I have heard many cry out againſt ſin in the Pulpit, vvho yet can abide it vvell enough in the heart, and houſe, and converſation.

1678, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim’s Progress from This World, to That which is to Come: […], London: […] Nath[aniel] Ponder […], →OCLC, page 112:

After dinner, a very honest fellow chanced to let a pun fall from him; his neighbour cried out, "To the infirmary;" at the same time pretending to be sick at it, as having the same natural antipathy to a pun, which some have to a cat.

1712 July 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison], “WEDNESDAY, June 25, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 440; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume V, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 172:

Henry himſelf, vvho had ſeen moſt of his near friends and relations periſh in the field or on the ſcaffold, and vvho had been expoſed him his ovvn perſon to many hardſhips and dangers, had imbibed a violent antipathy to the York party, vvhich no time nor experience vvere ever able to efface.

1759, David Hume, “[Henry VII.] Chapter I.”, in The History of England, under the House of Tudor. […], volume I, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 4:

Ever since the fatal night, the end of my labours, and the beginning of my misfortunes, I had conceived a violent antipathy even to the name of natural philosophy.

1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter V, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume I, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, pages 124–125:

Truly I am one very likely to encourage romance in any young lady! Did you ever know me to patronise moonlight walks, or talk even forgivingly of cottages and roses? and have I not a natural antipathy to honeysuckle?

1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter VIII, in Romance and Reality. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, pages 164–165:

Her personal appearance, her repulsive manners, her often unmanageable disposition, irritated his temper, and inspired him with strong antipathy; a feeling he was too apt to conceive when his taste was offended or his will thwarted.

1853 January, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], “The Cleopatra”, in Villette. […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder & Co., […], →OCLC, page 77:

[I]t appears that Cyrus [the Younger] would have been victorious, had he been able to repress that passionate burst of antipathy which drove him like a madman against his brother [Artaxerxes II].

1853, George Grote, “Cyrus the Younger and the Ten Thousand Greeks”, in History of Greece, volume XI, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, part II (Continuation of Historical Greece), pages 66–67:

Now when the master-at-arms noticed whence came that greasy fluid streaming before his feet, he must have taken it—to some extent wilfully, perhaps—not for the mere accident it assuredly was, but for the sly escape of a spontaneous feeling on Billy's part more or less answering to the antipathy on his own.

1888–1891, Herman Melville, “[Billy Budd, Foretopman.] Chapter XI.”, in Billy Budd and Other Stories, London: John Lehmann, published 1951, →OCLC, page 257:

The sagebrush belongs to the composite family, and its immediate cousins are widely distributed. They are known as the artemisias, and there are a host of them, many with important uses in the economy of civilization. Artemisia absinthium is popularly known as wormwood; from it comes the bitter, aromatic liquor known as eau or crême d'absinthe. Many of its cousins grow in Asia and Europe, including the mugwort, used by the Germans as a seasoning in cookery; southernwood, used by the British to drive away moths from linen and woolens and to force newly swarmed bees, which have a peculiar antipathy for it, into the hive; and tarragon, used by the Russians as an ingredient for pickling and in the preparation of fish sauce.

1917 June, Gilbert H[ovey] Grosvenor, “Our State Flowers: The Floral Emblem Chosen by the Commonwealths [The Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.)]”, in Gilbert H. Grosvenor, editor, National Geographic, volume XXXI, number 6, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 488, column 2:

Deep antipathy to Hillary Clinton exists within the FBI, multiple bureau sources have told the Guardian, spurring a rapid series of leaks damaging to her campaign just days before the election.

2016 November 4, Spencer Ackerman, “‘The FBI is Trumpland’: Anti-Clinton atmosphere spurred leaking, sources say”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-06-24:

(uncountable) Often followed by against, between, for, or to: a (deep) feeling of dislike or repugnance, normally towards a person and less often towards a thing, often without any conscious reasoning; aversion, distaste, hostility; (countable) an instance of this.

مشاعر مناهضة

(deep) feeling of dislike or repugnance, often without any conscious reasoning; an instance of this — see also aversion, distaste, hostility


homosexuality

en-noun

homosexuality (usually uncountable, plural homosexualities)

/ˌhəʊmə(ʊ)sɛkʃʊˈælɪti/

From homosexual + -ity, equivalent to homo- + sexuality and after the model of German Homosexualität, coined by journalist Karl Maria Kertbeny in 1869, and French homosexualité, attested in 1891.

Great diminution or complete absence of sexual feeling for the opposite sex, with substitution of sexual feeling and instinct for the same sex. (Homo-sexuality, or contrary sexual instinct).

1892, Richard von Krafft-Ebing, translated by Charles Gilbert Chaddock, Psychopathia Sexualis, page 185:

Some of the experts have gone into the question of homosexuality with great care, and advanced sundry learned and scientific theories in regard to that abnormal condition.

1892 April 2, “Hereditary Insanity: This is What Dr. Comstock Says Alice Mitchell Has”, in Memphis Appeal-Avalanche, Memphis, Tenn., page 1:

Of the dozen or so surviving articles, squibs, and letters to the editor, the most remarkable appeared in the Whip and Satirist’s February 12, 1842, issue, and disclosed the existence of a cabal of gay men in New York's otherwise wholesome nightscape of brothels and riots. Moreover it identified the spider who minced so delicately along the wide-flung strands of the sodomitical web. "There is not one so degraded as this Captain Collins, the King of the Sodomites." He was a foreigner, an Englishman, in the long tradition of blaming homosexuality on the influence of aliens. Among the syndicate of perverts, the writer announced, "we find no Americans as yet—they are all Englishmen or French" (the English called homosexuality the French vice and the French the English vice; for the Whip it was the French and English vice).

2005, Mark Caldwell, New York Night, page 133:

The state of being sexually attracted primarily or exclusively to persons of the same sex, sometimes (potentially offensive) restricted to same-sex attraction between males.

Bourneville believes that 75 per cent. of the inmates of the Parisian venereal hospitals have practised homosexuality.

1897, Havelock Ellis et al., Sexual Inversion, page 101:

A Prussian proposal for a harsh penal code made male homosexuality an even more serious crime.

2004 June 10, Leslie Feinberg, “The love that dared to speak its name”, in Workers World:

Third, it is possible to have gay sex with a crew member on your team. This isn’t possible with every crew member—only some, according to their pre-programmed sexual orientation. It’s obvious why this is an issue for Christians. Scripture explicitly says homosexuality is a sin (Genesis 18:20-21; 19:4-5, 24-25; Leviticus 18:22; Romans 1:26-27; 1 Corinthians 6:9-11; 2 Peter 2:4-10). Denying what Scripture says on it is nothing short of joyful ignorance and intellectual dishonesty.
Society, conversely, says it’s not a sin, and as such has thrown it into pop culture without a care for whom they offend. Obviously, for the Christian, do not go this route. If you believe homosexuality is a sin (and you should, considering God’s Word is inerrant and infallible and you say you’re a Christian), do not choose a gay romantic route. You may think it’s harmless if you do, but what’s the point in making a confession coherent with Scripture but not living according to that confession? Quite frankly, it’s hypocritical and needs repentance.

2019 October 31, Garrick Beckett, “Beckett: How BioWare Approaches Religion & Sexuality”, in The Lutheran Column, archived from the original on 2020-09-17, Blog:

Sexual activity with a person of the same sex, sometimes (potentially offensive) restricted to same-sex sex between males.


anger

en-verb

anger (third-person singular simple present angers, present participle angering, simple past and past participle angered)

angers (present singular third-person)
angering (participle present)
angered (participle past)
angered (past)

From Middle English anger (“grief, pain, trouble, affliction, vexation, sorrow, wrath”), from Old Norse angr, ǫngr (“affliction, sorrow”) (compare Old Norse ang, ǫng (“troubled”)), from Proto-Germanic *angazaz (“grief, sorrow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ- (“narrow, tied together”).
Cognate with Danish anger (“regret, remorse”), Norwegian Bokmål anger (“regret, remorse”), Swedish ånger (“regret”), Icelandic angur (“trouble”), Old English ange, enge (“narrow, close, straitened, constrained, confined, vexed, troubled, sorrowful, anxious, oppressive, severe, painful, cruel”), German Angst (“anxiety, anguish, fear”), Latin angō (“squeeze, choke, vex”), Albanian ang (“fear, anxiety, pain, nightmare”), Avestan 𐬄𐬰𐬀𐬵 (ązah, “strangulation; distress”), Ancient Greek ἄγχω (ánkhō, “I squeeze, strangle”), Sanskrit अंहु (aṃhu, “anxiety, distress”). Also compare with English anguish, anxious, quinsy, and perhaps to awe and ugly. The word seems to have originally meant “to choke, squeeze”.
The verb is from Middle English angren, angeren, from Old Norse angra. Compare with Icelandic angra, Norwegian Nynorsk angra, Norwegian Bokmål angre, Swedish ångra, Danish angre.

cog

He who angers you conquers you.

“Poetling, fret thyself not! / I will not one tittle imperil / Thy sorry cockboat; / Nor yet thy poor dear life will I harass / With over-hazardous tossings. / For thou, little poet, ne’er angeredst me; / Thou hast me no least little pinnacle harmed / Of Priamus’ sacrosanct stronghold; / Nor even the least little lash hast thou singed / Of the eye of my son Polyphemus; / And thee with her counsels protected hath ne’er / The Goddess of Wisdom, Pallas Athené.”

1911, Heinrich Heine, translated by John Payne, The Poetical Works of Heinrich Heine: Now First Completely Rendered into English Verse, in Accordance with the Original Forms, volume one, Villon Society, page 176:

(transitive) To cause such a feeling of antagonism in.


-phobe

From French -phobe, from Latin -phobus, from Attic Greek -φόβος (-phóbos), combining form of φόβος (phóbos), ablaut variant of φέβεσθαι (phébesthai), middle infinitive of φέβομαι (phébomai), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰegʷ. Cognates include Russian бегать (begatʹ, “run, flee”), Slovak bežať (“run”), Polish biec (“run”), Lithuanian bėgti (“run”), Albanian dëboj (“throw out, drive away, expel, banish”). Compare German -phob.

-fob

used to form nouns denoting a person who hates or despises a specific thing

claustrophobe

Risk is everywhere.[…]For each one there is a frighteningly precise measurement of just how likely it is to jump from the shadows and get you. “The Norm Chronicles”[…]aims to help data-phobes find their way through this blizzard of risks.

2013 June 22, “Snakes and ladders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 76:

Used to form nouns denoting a person having a fear of a specific thing.

-fob

used to form nouns denoting a person having a fear of a specific thing

homophobe

Used to form nouns denoting a person who hates or dislikes a type of person, thing, etc.


poly

Coordinate term: mono

Whether the family is poly, L.G.B.T.Q. or another minority, such as a religious one, coming out is very much a personal decision.

2020 August 4, Cynthia McKelvey, “The Challenges of Polyamorous Parenting”, in The New York Times:


fall in love

en-verb

fall in love (third-person singular simple present falls in love, present participle falling in love, simple past fell in love, past participle fallen in love)

falls in love (present singular third-person)
falling in love (participle present)
fell in love (past)
fallen in love (participle past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fall in love.wav

1@Mouth-OpenB@CenterTrunkhigh-PalmUp RoundMidline 1@BasePalm-OpenB@CenterTrunkhigh-PalmUp RoundMidline 1@TipPalm-OpenB@CenterTrunkhigh-PalmUp

влю́бвам се

to come to have feelings of intense liking

I fell in love with him the moment I first saw him.

Have you ever fallen in love?

It only takes a minute girl / To fall in love

1975, Brian Potter, Dennis Lambert (lyrics and music), “It Only Takes a Minute”, in In the City, performed by Tavares:

Oh, Ophelia / You've been on my mind, girl, since the flood / Oh, Ophelia / Heaven help a fool who falls in love

2016 February 5, Wesley Schultz and Jeremy Fraites, “Ophelia”, in Cleopatra, performed by The Lumineers:

Often, I am upset / That I cannot fall in love, but I guess / This avoids the stress of falling out of it

2019, Cavetown (lyrics and music), “Home”:

(intransitive, of a person, animate object following “with”) To come to have feelings of love, particularly romantic love.


cheer

en-noun

cheer (countable and uncountable, plural cheers)

From Middle English chere, from Old French chere, from Old French chiere, from Late Latin cara.

I have not that alacrity of spirit, / Nor cheer of mind, that I was wont to have.

c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:

(uncountable) A cheerful attitude; happiness; a good, happy, or positive mood.

a table loaded with good cheer

"And am I to meet my Mary at Moffat? Come away, little, dear, welcome body, thou blessed of heaven, come away, and taste of an auld shepherd's best cheer, and I'll gang foot for foot with you to Moffat, and my auld wife shall gang foot for foot with us too. I tell you, little, blessed, and welcome crile, come along with me."

“[…]the awfully hearty sort of Christmas cards that people do send to other people that they don't know at all well. You know. The kind that have mottoes like
 Here's rattling good luck and roaring good cheer, / With lashings of food and great hogsheads of beer.[…].”

1921, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1925, →OCLC:

(now uncountable) That which promotes good spirits or cheerfulness, especially food and entertainment prepared for a festive occasion.

Three cheers for the birthday boy!

A cheer rose from the crowd.

Welcome her, thunders of fort and of fleet! / Welcome her, thundering cheer of the street!

1864, Alfred Tennyson, “A Welcome to Alexandria. March 7, 1863.”, in Enoch Arden, &c., London: Edward Moxon & Co., […], →OCLC, page 164:

(countable) A cry expressing joy, approval or support, such as "hurrah".

одобрително възклицание

a cry of "hurrah", "hurray", "yeah", or some other word expressing joy

And anon he talked with them, and sayde unto them: be of good chere, it is I, be not afrayed.

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Mark:

The parents […] fled away with heavy cheer.

1659, T[itus] Livius [i.e., Livy], “(please specify the book number)”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Romane Historie […], London: […] W. Hunt, for George Sawbridge, […], →OCLC:


cheer

en-verb

cheer (third-person singular simple present cheers, present participle cheering, simple past and past participle cheered)

cheers (present singular third-person)
cheering (participle present)
cheered (participle past)
cheered (past)

We were cheered by the offer of a cup of tea.

How often shall her old fireside
Be cheer’d with tidings of the bride,
How often she herself return, […]

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXXIX, page 61:

(transitive) To gladden; to make cheerful; often with up.


cheer

Alex participated in cheer all four years of college.

I'm going to wear my new cheer shoes at cheer today.

...[P]erspective [sic] gym cheer programs must address how to support a cheer program while maintaining appropriate and safe skill progressions.

1999, Jim Lord, Chris Calvert., Cheerleading: Where Does Your Gym Fit In?:

2000, Linda Villarosa. Cheerleading Changes, and Injuries Increase in The New York Times.
Last year, more than 75,000 high school participants took part in cheerleading competitions, and the National Federation of State High School Associations says that "competitive cheer" is the fastest growing sport for girls.

2018, Chad Thompson. Iowa Central cheer team is tops at national competition in The Messenger.
The Iowa Central Community College cheer team has achieved something no other college in Iowa has before.

(chiefly Canada, US) Cheerleading, especially when practiced as a competitive sport.


xenophobia

en-noun

xenophobia (countable and uncountable, plural xenophobias)

xenofobie

a pathological fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners

外国人恐怖症

がいこくじんきょうふしょう

The great sociologist Zygmunt Bauman argued that philo-Semitism and anti-Semitism both fall under “allosemitism”: literally Othering the Jew. He defined it not as resentment of what is different, which is xenophobia, but rather of what defies order and clear categories. In 1997, he wrote, “The Jew is ambivalence incarnate. And ambivalence is ambivalence mostly because it cannot be contemplated without ambivalent feeling: it is simultaneously attractive and repelling.”

2020 January 28, Mairov Zonszein, “Christian Zionist philo-Semitism is driving Trump’s Israel policy”, in The Washington Post:

A strong antipathy or aversion to strangers or foreigners.


panic

en-adj

panic (comparative more panic, superlative most panic)

more panic (comparative)
most panic (superlative)

The adjective is borrowed from Middle French panique, a word itself borrowed from Ancient Greek πανικός (panikós, “pertaining to Pan”); Pan, the Greek god of fields and woods, was believed to be the source of mysterious sounds that caused contagious, groundless fear in herds and crowds, or in people in lonely spots.
Adjective sense 3 (“pertaining to or resulting from overpowering fear or fright”) is partly an attributive use of the noun.
The noun is derived from the adjective, while the verb is derived from the noun. Verb sense 1.3 (“to highly amuse, entertain, or impress (an audience watching a performance or show”) is derived from noun sense 4 (“a highly amusing or entertaining performer, performance, or show”).

der

(Greek mythology, archaic) Alternative letter-case form of Panic (“pertaining to the Greek god Pan”)

All things were there in a diſordered confuſion, and in a confuſed furie, vntill ſuch time as by prayers and ſacrifices they had appeaſed the wrath of their Gods. They call it to this day, the P[a]nike terror.

1603, Michel de Montaigne, “Of Feare”, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book I, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC, page 28:

So long as Epaminondas was captaine general of the Thebans, there was never ſeene in his campe any of theſe ſudden fooliſh frights, without any certeine cauſe, which they call Panique Terrores.

1603, Plutarch, “The Apophthegmes or Notable Sayings of Kings, Princes and Great Captains”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Philosophie, Commonlie Called, The Morals […], London: […] Arnold Hatfield, →OCLC, page 425:

But why dwell I ſo intolerable long about Tolerations, I hope my feares are but panick, againſt which I have a double cordiall.

1647, Theodore de la Guard [pseudonym; Nathaniel Ward], The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America. […], London: […] J[ohn] D[ever] & R[obert] I[bbitson] for Stephen Bowtell, […], →OCLC, page 11:

[L]ike a couragious Captain does all he can to imbody his Army; he perſwades, threats, oppoſes, and cries aloud, that albeit Bickermanſe was ſlain yet He was living; yea that many as good Officers as Bickermanſe were in the Army; But in vain; for ſuch was their diſorder and pannick fear, that impoſſible it was to revoke them: […]

1677, Tho[mas] Herbert, Some Yeares Travels into Divers Parts of Africa, and Asia the Great. […], 4th edition, London: […] R. Everingham, for R. Scot, T. Basset, J[ohn] Wright, and R. Chiswell, →OCLC, page 81:

Suſpicion, with Sedition join'd, are near;
 And Rumors rais'd, and Murmurs mix'd, and Panique Fear.

1700, [John] Dryden, “The Twelfth Book of Ovid his Metamorphoses, Wholly Translated”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 422:

At that moment a flight of birds passed close overhead, and at the whirr of their wings a panic fear seized her.

1978, Lawrence Durrell, “Lord Galen’s Farewell”, in Livia: Or Buried Alive […] (The Avignon Quintet; 2), London, Boston, Mass.: Faber and Faber, →ISBN, page 239:

Terrified, he looked down from the skies
 At the waves, and panic blackness filled his eyes.

1993, Ovid, “Book Two”, in James Michie, transl., The Art of Love, paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: The Modern Library, published 2002, →ISBN:

Of fear, fright, etc: overwhelming or sudden.

панически

of fear, fright, etc.: overwhelming or sudden


panic

en-noun

panic (countable and uncountable, plural panics)

She wakened in sharp panic, bewildered by the grotesquerie of some half-remembered dream in contrast with the harshness of inclement fact, drowsily realizing that since she had fallen asleep it had come on to rain smartly out of a shrouded sky.

1914 November, Louis Joseph Vance, “An Outsider […]”, in Munsey’s Magazine, volume LIII, number II, New York, N.Y.: The Frank A[ndrew] Munsey Company, […], published 1915, →OCLC, chapter II (Burglary), page 378, column 1:

There is no confusion like the confusion of a simple mind, and as we drove away Tom was feeling the hot whips of panic. His wife and his mistress, until an hour ago secure and inviolate, were slipping precipitately from his control.

1925, F[rancis] Scott Fitzgerald, chapter 7, in The Great Gatsby, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, published 1953, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 125:

Meanwhile Nanny Broome was recovering from her initial panic and seemed anxious to make up for any kudos she might have lost, by exerting her personality to the utmost. She took the policeman's helmet and placed it on a chair, and unfolded his tunic to shake it and fold it up again for him.

1963, Margery Allingham, “Meeting Point”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 232:

It's Christmas at ground zero
 There's panic in the crowd
 We can dodge debris
 While we trim the tree
 Underneath a mushroom cloud

1986, "Weird Al" Yankovic (lyrics and music), “Christmas at Ground Zero”, in Polka Party!:

With a bolt of fright he remembered that there was no bathroom in the Hobhouse Room. He leapt along the corridor in a panic, stopping by the long-case clock at the end where he flattened himself against the wall.

1994, Stephen Fry, chapter 2, in The Hippopotamus, New York, N.Y.: Soho Press, →ISBN, page 33:

(uncountable) Overwhelming fear or fright, often affecting groups of people or animals; (countable) an instance of this; a fright, a scare.

panik

overwhelming fear or fright; an instance of this


panic

en-verb

panic (third-person singular simple present panics, present participle panicking, simple past and past participle panicked)

panics (present singular third-person)
panicking (participle present)
panicked (participle past)
panicked (past)

espantar

to cause (someone) to feel panic; to frighten (someone) into acting hastily

I don't want you to be hopeful, I want you to panic. I want you to feel the fear I feel every day and then I want you to act.

2019 January 25, 5:22 from the start, in Our House is on Fire, spoken by Greta Thunberg, Davos, Graubünden, Switzerland: World Economic Forum:

To feel panic, or overwhelming fear or fright; to freak out, to lose one's head.