Landsmål

From Norwegian landsmål (Bokmål entry; Nynorsk entry); called so by Ivar Aasen.

Political parties had to tailor their programmes according to the taste of the electorate on the basis of the Riksmål/Landsmål controversy.

2000, Gyula Décsy, The Linguistic Identity of Europe: The 62 Languages of Europe Classified in Functional Zones, Eurolingua, →ISBN, page 84:

In 1885, Landsmål won official recognition from the government; in 1929 it was renamed Nynorsk ("new Norwegian").

2000, Frankie B. Shackelford, transl., Ave Eva: A Norwegian Tragedy, Xenos Books, translation of Ave Eva: Herregårdsroman by Edvard Hoem, page viii:

Diphthongs were allowed as options in many words, often rendering them identical to the Landsmål forms but deviating from upper-middle-class speech: ben > bein ‘bone, leg’ (Landsmål: bein), løv > lauv ‘leaf’ (Landsmål: lauv). In Riksmål with optional forms, many other frequently-used words were also altered from forms which reflected upper-middle-class speech to those which were identical with Landsmål:[…]

2014, Ernst Håkon Jahr, “Two Norwegian written standards: is linguistic reconciliation possible? Early twentieth century up to the 1917 language reforms”, in Language Planning as a Sociolinguistic Experiment: The Case of Modern Norwegian, Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, section “The language reform of 1917”, subsection “Concrete changes to Riksmål”, page 93:

A written standard for Norwegian created by Ivar Aasen in the mid-1800s; predecessor to Nynorsk.


Kacey

A male given name transferred from the surname.

A female given name transferred from the surname.


Dugald

"Country?" replied Cuddie; "ou, the country's weel eneugh, and it werena that dour deevil, Calver'se, ( they ca' him Dundee now) that's stirring about yet in the Highlands, they say, with a' the Donalds, and Duncans, and Dugalds, that ever wore bottomless breeks, driving about wi' him, to set things asteer again, - - -

1816, Walter Scott, Old Mortality, Samuel H. Parker, published 1836, page 232:

One aim of the move [from Nine Elms] had been to speed up the overhaul of the company's locomotive stock and to reduce costs with more efficient workshop facilities, in what Dugald Drummond claimed to be "the most complete and up-to-date works owned by any railway company".

1961 March 25, C.P. Boocock, “The organisation of Eastleigh Locomotive Works”, in Trains Illustrated, page 159:


Quad

(UK politics, historical) A coalition committee that resolved party disputes during the Cameron–Clegg coalition.


Middle Ottoman

A register of the Ottoman Turkish language typical to the time from 1501–1800 and later a chosen register, particularly seen as exclusive to an educated elite, as marked by complex syntax (lacking punctuation) and largely Persianized and Arabicized vocabulary and sentence structure.

klassinen osmaninturkki

the Turkish language in the middle period of the Ottoman Empire, of many lexical and syntactic borrowings


Protactile

From pro- + tactile, first used c. 2012.

Pro-Tactile (alternative)
ProTactile (alternative)

2014 August 20, John Lee Clark, “Pro-Tactile: Bursting the Bubble.”, in Where I Stand: On the Signing Community and My DeafBlind Experience, Handtype Press, →ISBN:

Exploring the linguistic phenomenon of pro-tactile has lead Terra Edwards to make distinctions between Tactile ASL (TASL) and Visual ASL (VASL) (www.protactile.org, October 3, 2014).

2016 November 25, Massimiliano Spotti, Nelson Flores, Ofelia Garcia, editors, The Oxford Handbook of Language and Society, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 257:

ProTactile builds on this quality of expression, alive with decisions made on the fly, touches become pass-words for fields of composition as yet uncharted.

2020 October 9, Erin Manning, For a Pragmatics of the Useless, Duke University Press, →ISBN:

American Sign Language
American Sign Language

A dialect of American Sign Language that communicates with touch.


PNQ

private notice question
private notice question#English

(UK politics) Initialism of private notice question.


Mariella

Mariel (alternative)
Mariele (alternative)
Mariela (alternative)
Marielle (alternative)
Mariell (alternative)


private notice question

en-noun

private notice question (plural private notice questions)

(UK politics) A topical question asked of the government by a member of the House of Lords, requiring an immediate response.


Mariele

Mariel (alternative)
Mariela (alternative)
Marielle (alternative)
Mariella (alternative)
Mariell (alternative)


Japanee

Then there was more low bows, and we ladies swept back our trains, took steps and curtsied just as easy and graceful as they did, and Mrs. Grant talked a little with a Japanee.

1874, Ann Sophia Stephens, Phemie Frost's Experiences, page 173:

In dealing with a Japanee you are dealing with one of nature's gentlemen. For nature's gentlemen are the Japanese, made in the older fashion of the world before money-grubbing had soiled the souls of men, cankered their hearts, […]

1879, James Hingston, The Australian Abroad, page 87:


Suzannah

'Yeah, when we're dead,' says Zan. 'Life is drama, little bruth.'
'Zannah, please,' says Dom. 'Upstairs.'
'Mum, why can't I stay?'
'Suzannah. We very rarely ask you to—'
'Uh-oh. Dad's full-naming me. It must be serious. All right, I'm going.'

2020, Sophie Hannah, Haven't They Grown, Hachette UK, →ISBN:

A female given name from Hebrew, variant of Susanna.


reasoned amendment

reasoned amendment (plural reasoned amendments)

Member of Parliament
Member of Parliament

(UK politics) A negative response by a Member of Parliament to a proposed bill, providing reasons why it should be rejected rather than receiving a second or third reading.


Tursunay

Borrowed from Uyghur تۇرسۇناي (tursunay).

تۇرسۇناي تۇرسۇناي#Uyghur

A transliteration of the Uyghur female given name تۇرسۇناي (tursunay).


Gulzira

For quotations using this term, see Citations:Gulzira.


Boghom

A West Chadic language spoken in Nigeria.


Kera

An East Chadic language spoken in southwestern Chad and northern Cameroon.


Mawa

An East Chadic language spoken in central Chad.


Sarua

An East Chadic language spoken in southwestern Chad.


Bethuel

(rare) A male given name from Hebrew of biblical origin.


Shri

From Sanskrit श्री (śrī), possibly through a modern Indian language. Compare Bengali শ্রী (sri), Gujarati શ્રી (śrī), Tamil ஶ்ரீ (śrī), Hindi, Nepali, and Marathi श्री (śrī), Malayalam ശ്രീ (śrī).

Sri (alternative)
Shree (alternative)
Sh. (alternative)
Sh (alternative)


Mellie

“Isn't their daughter named Melanie?”
“Mellie, for short,” Ken confirmed.

2011, Geri Bennett, Drinking Saké All Alone, page 134:

“When I married him he was forty,” said Mellie, “and he owned a sleeping bag, a rifle, and a suitcase with a change of clothes.”

2020, Tom Kizzia, The Wake of the Unseen Object, page 116:

A diminutive of the female given name Melanie.

I met Melinda, Mellie, while we were both attending Sonoma State University.

2017, Sara Sandoval, La Quinceañera, page 23:

A diminutive of the female given name Melinda.

After dinner she went directly to Melissa.
“Mellie,” she said, “do you know, I've good reason for thinking this woman you've got is no better than she ought to be. Think of that, and you sick, and Abraham exposed to temptation.”

1867, Caroline Fairfield Corbin, A Woman's Secret, page 162:

A diminutive of the female given name Melissa.


Big Mike

Calque of French Gros Michel; from gros (“big”) + Michel (“Michael”)


Big Mike

In reference to conspiracy theories alleging that Michelle Obama is secretly transgender. First use appears c. 2016.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:Big Mike.

(slang, derogatory, humorous) Michelle Obama.


Danylo

Transliteration of A male given name from Ukrainian.


Lions

(cricket) The Sri Lanka national cricket team.


Hinano

Hinano Yoshikawa, b. 1979

A transliteration of the Japanese female given name ひなの


Hinako

Hinako Saeki, b. 1977


Tessica

The crowd Wednesday included a few outdoor movie buffs and some casual Austen fans, but the majority were young women such as Tessica Venteicher, 30, who showed up last year for the “Pride and Prejudice” screening and was back now for “Emma.” Along for the ride: fiance Kevin Harber, who’s a good sport but not a true believer.

2015 July 18, Roxanne Roberts, “The Jane Austen film festival: Chick flicks for D.C.’s highbrow romantics”, in The Washington Post:


Phill

Alternative form of Phil; A male given name; diminutive of Phillip and Phillipp


Sussex Street

Former name of Sussex Drive; a street in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada


Kanye

Evidently from Igbo Kanye, although inspiration from other African languages may have contributed. The verb is a reference to Kanye West interrupting Taylor Swift’s speech at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards.


Veracruzan

Relating to, or from, the Mexican state of Veracruz.


Yauna

An extinct Tucanoan language of Colombia.


Yahgan

This is an attempt to present the Yahgan dialect of the Fuegian Islands in lexical form[.]

1885, “The Yahgans of Tierra Del Fuego”, in The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, volume 14, page 289:


Yameo

An extinct Peba-Yaguan language of Peru.


Yauapery

(archaic) An indigenous language of that region.


Nakh

A group of languages within Northeast Caucasian, spoken chiefly by the Chechens and Ingush in the North Caucasus within Southern Russia.


Jack in the Crack

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Jack in the Crack.wav

(slang) Jack in the Box (a chain of fast food restaurants).


Dorasque

An extinct Chibchan language of Panama, spoken by these people.


Charleen

A female given name, variant of Charlene.


Cashibo

Caxibo (alternative)
Kashibo (alternative)


Chibchan

Of or relating to a language family indigenous to the Isthmo-Colombian Area, which extends from eastern Honduras to northern Colombia and includes populations of these countries as well as Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama.


Shep

A diminutive of the male given name Shepherd.

A nickname, from being a clipping of Shepherd/Shephard/Sheperd/Shepard. surnames


Poppaea

(historical) A female given name from Latin.


Vonnie

A diminutive of the female given name Veronica.

A diminutive of the female given name Yvonne.


Kalapuyan

A small extinct language family that was spoken in the Willamette Valley of Western Oregon, United States.


Hindki

Term is made up with هند + كی, literally means 'of Hind'.


Chayahuita

An endangered Amazonian language spoken by the native Chayahuita people in the Amazon basin of north-central Peru.


Nahanarvali

(historical) A Germanic tribe mentioned by the Roman scholar Tacitus.


Bishopsgate

Equivalent to Bishop + -s- + gate.
(street and ward): From one of the eastern gates in London’s former defensive wall, traditionally attributed to Earconwald, who was Bishop of London in the 7th century.

A street and ward in the City of London, England (OS grid ref TQ3381).


Adelard

Adelard of Bath, b. ca 1080


Foreign Office

Foreign and Commonwealth Office
Foreign and Commonwealth Office

(UK politics) A department of the British Government, headed by the Foreign Secretary, that is responsible for maintaining and developing Britain's diplomatic and trade relations with other countries, as well supporting its citizens and businesses around the world. Official full name: Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, formerly (until 2020) Foreign and Commonwealth Office.


Foreign and Commonwealth Office

the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (canonical)

(UK politics) The former (until 2020) official full name of the Foreign Office; now the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office.


Foreign Secretary

Foreign Secretary (plural Foreign Secretaries)

Philip Hammond has been appointed chancellor of the exchequer and Boris Johnson foreign secretary as Theresa May allocated the top posts in her cabinet on her first evening as prime minister.

2016 July 13, Peter Walker, “Theresa May unveils cabinet, with Hammond and Johnson in top jobs”, in The Guardian, London:

(UK politics) The British cabinet minister who heads the Foreign Office and is responsible for Britain's relations and dealings with other countries. Official full title: Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs.


en-proper noun

the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office

(UK politics) The official full name of the Foreign Office.

bureau des Affaires étrangères et du Commonwealth

Ufficio degli esteri, del Commonwealth e dello sviluppo

Ministerstvo inostrannyx del i meždunarodnovo razvitija Velikobritanii

Министерство иностранных дел и международного развития Великобритании

Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y de la Mancomunidad de Naciones


Zenobius

From Latin Zēnobius, from Ancient Greek Ζηνόβιος (Zēnóbios).

A male given name from Ancient Greek, of historical usage.


Bagheli

A Central Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Baghelkhand region of central India.


Betsey

A diminutive of the female given name Elizabeth.


Bhumij

A Munda language spoken by the people in the Indian states of Jharkhand, Odisha, and West Bengal; often considered to be a dialect of Mundari.


Chas.

Abbreviation of Charles.; A male given name.


Shanelle

From French Chanel, after Coco Chanel and under influence from -elle.

A female given name of African-American usage.


Samkova

A female surname from the Slavic languages, masculine equivalent Samkov.


Samkov

A male surname from the Slavic languages, feminine equivalent Samkova.


Akeem

A male given name from Arabic, variant of Hakim.


Chevone

A female given name, variant of Siobhan.


Jourdaine

/ˈd͡ʒɔː(ɹ)dən/


Bobbikins

(childish) A diminutive of the male given name Bobbie.

(childish) A diminutive of the female given name Bobbie.


Devendra

From Sanskrit देवेन्द्र (devendra, “chief of the gods”).


Patsie

A diminutive of the female given name Patricia.


Castelnau

Originally from Occitan. Apparently named after the 10th Baron of Castelnau and St Croix, who lived in Barnes after fleeing from France.

Richmond upon Thames
Richmond upon Thames#English

A road and neighbourhood in Barnes, borough of Richmond upon Thames, Greater London, England (OS grid ref TQ2277).


Lobsang

Borrowed from Tibetan བློ་བཟང (blo bzang).


SpAd

(UK politics, informal) Alternative letter-case form of spad (“special adviser”)


Italian English

en-noun

Italian English (plural Italian Englishes)

A dialect of blended Italian dialects and English, spoken primarily in the USA.

English as spoken in mainland Italy or as a second language by Italians.


Jaq

A diminutive of the male given name Jacques and similar.


Caity

A diminutive of the female given name Caitlin and similar.


Musgu

A language of the Biu–Mandara subgroup of the Chadic languages.


Stinkomalee

Coined by Theodore Hook, apparently Blend of stink + Trincomalee, perhaps because some cow-houses and dunghills stood on the original site.

(UK, slang, derogatory, obsolete) The University of London.


Mexmut

Mexmut Sulayman, b. 1968


Orok

Oroks (plural)
Uilta (alternative)
Ulta (alternative)

A language that belongs to the Tungusic language family and is spoken by the Orok people.


Udihe

Udege (alternative)
Udekhe (alternative)
Udeghe (alternative)
Udegey (alternative)
Udeghes (alternative)
Udehe (alternative)

A language that belongs to the Tungusic language family, which is spoken by the Udihe people.


Abeer

Transliteration of Arabic عَبِير (ʕabīr).


Kinnie

Alternative form of Kenny
A male given name.


Bre

A diminutive of the female given name Breanna.


Jords

A diminutive of the unisex given name Jordan and similar.


Nabby

A diminutive of the female given name Abigail, from Hebrew.


Church-of-Englandism

The religious practices and customs of the Church of England.


Kalinago

The extinct Arawakan language of these people.


Irisher

Then some of the neighbours at home had tried to frighten her when naughty by saying, 'I'll give you to them old Irishers; see if I don't, then!'

1945, Flora Thompson, Lark Rise to Candleford:

(dated or humorous) Synonym of Irishman: an Irish person.


Dizzy

(UK, slang, humorous) Benjamin Disraeli (1804–1881), 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, and twice prime minister of the United Kingdom.


Gweniver

From Cornish, from Middle Cornish Gwynnever, from Proto-Brythonic *Gwɨnnohuɨβar. Cognate with English Jennifer.


Firbolg

Firbholg (alternative)
Fir Bholg (alternative)
Fir Bolg (alternative)

(Irish mythology) The fourth group of people to settle in Ireland, descended from the Muintir Nemid, an earlier group who abandoned Ireland and went to different parts of Europe.


Seabert

From Old English Sæberht, the name of a king of Essex. Compound of Old English sǣ (“sea”) + beorht (“bright”).


Raewyn

Possibly a compound of the names Rae and Wynn.


Jupiterian

en-adj

Jupiterian (comparative more Jupiterian, superlative most Jupiterian)

more Jupiterian (comparative)
most Jupiterian (superlative)

(astrology, rare) Pertaining to the planet Jupiter.

He soon discovered that the role itself was anything but normal in a nation that wants presidents to be at once Jupiterian and close to the people.

2023 June 10, Roula Khalaf, “Lunch with the FT: François Holland”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 3:

(figurative) Jovian; elevated, rarefied.


Jupiterian

(chiefly science fiction, rare) An imaginary inhabitant of the planet Jupiter.


Huastec

Via Spanish huasteco from the Nahuatl word cuextécatl, which has two possible origins, either the word cuachalolotl (Nahuatl for small snail) or huaxitl (Nahuatl for river tamarind, also known as guaje)


Renat

From Latin saint's name Renatus, from renatus (“reborn”)


Abbreviation of second independence referendum.

(Scotland, informal) A proposed second referendum on Scottish independence

Proposed second Scottish independence referendum


Oxo cube

Rhyming slang for Tube. Oxo is a brand of stock cubes.

For instance, on the oxo cube 'tube' the weasler or porter has changed into the less descriptive stationman […]

1981, Peter Wright, Cockney Dialect and Slang, page 74:

On the Oxo Cube to London

Cockney rhyming slang
Cockney rhyming slang

(Cockney rhyming slang) The London Underground rail network.


Gyalrong

The speakers of the Gyalrong language, inhabiting the southern part of Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan, China.


Guianan

Guianan (comparative more Guianan, superlative most Guianan)

more Guianan (comparative)
most Guianan (superlative)


Mamprusi

A Gur language spoken in northern Ghana by the Mamprusi people, related to Dagbani.


Prabha

Transliteration of Hindi प्रभा (prabhā) or Sanskrit प्रभा (prabhā).


Shushrusha

Transliteration of Hindi शुश्रूषा (śuśrūṣā) or Sanskrit शुश्रूषा (śuśrūṣā).

translit

Sanskrit शुश्रूषा (śuśrūṣā)

A female given name from Hindi or Sanskrit.


Riddhi

Transliteration of Hindi ऋद्धि (ŕddhi). Doublet of Ruddhi.


Ruddhi

Transliteration of Marathi ऋद्धि (ruddhi). Doublet of Riddhi.


Suramya

Transliteration of Hindi सुरम्य (suramya) or Sanskrit सुरम्य (suramya).


Suramya

Transliteration of Hindi सुरम्या (suramyā) or Sanskrit सुरम्या (suramyā).


Tripti

Transliteration of Hindi तृप्ति (tŕpti). Doublet of Trupti.


Trupti

Transliteration of Marathi तृप्ती (truptī). Doublet of Tripti.


Istvaeones

(historical) A Germanic group of tribes living near the banks of the Rhine during the Roman Empire and reportedly sharing a common culture and origin.


Itzhak

Izchak (alternative)
Yitzhak (alternative)

A male given name from Hebrew, variant of Isaac.


Miriwoong

Miriwung (alternative)
Miriuwung (alternative)

A Djeragan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Kununurra in northern Western Australia.


Kituba

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

A creole language based on Kikongo, spoken in the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo


Kimbundu

A Bantu language, the second-most-widely-spoken Bantu language in Angola.


Lyudmila

From Russian Людмила (Ljudmila) or Ukrainian Людмила (Ljudmyla).


Esmee

Anglicized spelling of the French Esmée or Esmé


Karun

(India, anthroponymy) A male given name.


Ardhamagadhi Prakrit

A Middle Indo-Aryan language and a Dramatic Prakrit thought to have been spoken in modern-day Uttar Pradesh and used in some early Buddhist and Jain drama.


Dramatic Prakrit

Those standard forms of Prakrit dialects that were used in dramas and other literature of medieval India.


Treyvon

A male given name originating as a coinage, of African-American usage.


Mamata

Mamata Banerjee, b. 1955


Immie

A diminutive of the female given name Imogen.


Mashreqi

Mashreqis (plural)
Mashriqi (alternative)


Norway-plus

From the similarity to Norway's arrangement, with plus denoting the addition of a customs union outside of EFTA.

European Economic Area
European Economic Area

(UK, politics) A proposal for a post-Brexit settlement that would have consisted of membership of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the European Economic Area as an EFTA member state, combined with a separate customs union with the European Union.


Euhemerus

From Latin Euhemerus, from Ancient Greek Εὐήμερος (Euḗmeros, from εὐ- (eu-, “good-, well-”) + ἥμερος (hḗmeros, “tamed, civilized, domesticated”)).

der

Euhemeros (alternative)
Evemerus (alternative)
Euemerus (alternative)

A transliteration of the Ancient Greek male given name Εὐήμερος (Euḗmeros).


bossy r

(education) The letter r (in certain English words, such as bird and sort) that modifies the pronunciation of the preceding vowel.


Cantre'r Gwaelod

Holonym: Cardigan Bay

A mythical sunken city in Wales, United Kingdom.


Jacque

A diminutive of the female given names Jacqueline or Jacquelyn.


Meggy

A diminutive of the female given name Margaret.

A diminutive of the female given name Megan.


Marylandian

A native or inhabitant of the U.S. state of Maryland.


Puntarenian

A native or resident of Punta Arenas, Chile.


Connecticutensian

Heard a pretty sensible Yalensian Connecticutensian preacher.

[1771 June 9, John Adams, “Diary, with Passages from an Autobiography”, in The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States: With a Life of the Author, Notes and Illustrations, by His Granson Charles Francis Adams, volume II, Boston, Mass.: Charles C. Little and James Brown, published 1850, page 275:

Another reaſon for the obſcurity in which the Connecticutenſians have hitherto been involved, is to be found among their own ſiniſter views and purpoſes.[…]Religion and Government.—Properly ſpeaking, the Connecticutenſians have neither, nor ever had; but, in pretence, they excel the whole world, except Boſton and Spain.

1781, [Samuel Peters], A General History of Connecticut, from Its First Settlement under George Fenwick, Esq. to Its Latest Period of Amity with Great Britain; […], London: […] the Author; […] J[ohn] Bew, […], pages iv–v (Preface) and 278–279:

Hugh Peters’s History of Connecticut, printed in London, 1781, can hardly be known to many of our readers. The author states, that the Connecticutensians have been involved in obscurity, by a cloud of prejudice and knavery; for that Doctor Mather and Mr. Neal suppressed “what are called in New-England, unnecessary truths.”

1834 February, “Connecticut as it was”, in J[oseph] T[inker] Buckingham, editor, The New-England Magazine, volume VI, Boston, Mass.: […] J[oseph] T[inker] Buckingham, page 121:

Bread and pork!—who of the poxed, deliquescent army was more qualified to supply it than our piratical Connecticutensian, so ready with his Lathrop-training, to give service, and also “fill his pocket”?[…]The two New Hampshire regiments, and the Connecticutensians, poured deadly volleys across the clearing.[…]Again Arnold hurls thunder with those Connecticutensians, and this time with telling effect.[…]A bit snobbish, apt to sneer at Connecticutensians, or plain country Jonathans; and yet she was not without some sense in that Boston Flucker head of hers.

1932, Malcolm Decker, Benedict Arnold, Son of the Havens, pages 147–148, 251, 266, and 290:

It was said, the Connecticutensians “loved the house of prayer, loved to leave it too.”

1946, Kurt F. Leidecker, “The Religious Background”, in Yankee Teacher: The Life of William Torrey Harris, New York, N.Y.: The Philosophical Library, part I, “New England Period”, chapter III, “Early Environment”, pages 26–27:

Mr. Chute had now begun to “get the hang,” as they say in Connecticut, of Connecticutensian English, and even in his diluted rendering it has a pungency, a force, and a strange new sort of humour, which I wish we might import from our American colonies.

[1951, Odell Shepard, Willard Shepard, “Tuesday”, in Jenkins’ Ear: A Narrative Attributed to Horace Walpole, Esq., New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, page 202:

This charter, which was to be the palladium of Connecticutensians, openly granted to Winthrop’s colony all of Long Island and Westchester.[…]Most Connecticutensians were Whigs and dissenters and, properly aroused, were never squeamish about tormenting an Episcopalian Tory.[…][Parson] Peters was to live on and one day would describe Connecticutensians as “part man and part beast and wholly of the devil.” Peters had been only an outstanding character to be chased; but, as for a Sandemanian, a Connecticutensian really felt deep down that he could boil him in oil, but actually settled for feathers and a tar bucket.

1964, Malcolm Decker, Brink of Revolution: New York in Crisis, 1765–1776, New York, N.Y.: Argosy Antiquarian Ltd., →LCCN, pages 4 (In the Beginning) and 208 (Coercion):

Peter Pond, the whimsical Connecticutensian, whose forebears “ware all waryers ither by sea or land,” was the first, as far is known, to record that Indians along the Athabasca were using a “sticky substance oozing from the river banks to waterproof their canoes.”

“It must give pleasure to every Connecticutensian” that “no post of honour or profit” can “exist, but what is of his own conferring” and that “no court favour, elevation of birth or fortune,” nor “indeed anything but merit, can be the ground for preferment.”

1995, Rupert Charles Loucks, “Let the Oppressed Go Free”: Reformation and Revolution in English Connecticut 1764-1775, page 376:


Mica

A unisex given name from Hebrew, variant of Micah.


Mänti

constructed language
constructed language

A constructed language created by Daniel Tammet.


Alauddin

Borrowed from Arabic عَلَاء الدِّين (ʕalāʔ ad-dīn).

bor+

عَلَاء الدِّين


Alaeddin

A transliteration of the Ottoman Turkish male given name علاءالدین


Tray

A diminutive of the female given name Tracy.


Sauytbay

Sayragul Sauytbay, b. 1977

Сауытбай Сауытбай#Kazakh

A transliteration of the Kazakh male given name Сауытбай (Sauytbai).


Heiltsuk

An indigenous people of the Central Coast region in British Columbia, centred on the island community of Bella Bella.


Heiltsuk

Their language, a dialect of North Wakashan (Kwakiutlan).


Keyonna

A female given name originating as a coinage, of African-American usage.


Priti

Alternative form of Preeti; A female given name from Sanskrit.


New Englandress

en-noun

New Englandress (plural New Englandresses)

Of course, with romance for a motif, he hurries them away from the republic to take refuge under the shadows and among the traces of a foreign presence on the continent—not missing, however, a shot at folly as it flies by train or steamer, nor a double stroke of satire both for the great city and the wide West, and for the misliking glance his bright little New Englandress gives them, nor an epigram or two—we hope they may draw blood—on the clerks and ticket-takers we bow down to.

1872 March, “Current Literature”, in The Galaxy, volume XIV, number 3, section ““Their Wedding Journey.” By W. D. Howells. Boston: James R. Osgood & Co. 1872.”, pages 426–427, columns 2–1:

But we got acquainted, and are friends, and I am glad of it and shall be proud of my lyrical clanswoman and New Englandress.

1899 April 16, Edmund Clarence Stedman, To Martha Gilbert Dickinson; republished as Laura Stedman, George M. Gould, “An American Anthology”, in Life and Letters of Edmund Clarence Stedman, volume two, New York, N.Y.: Moffat, Yard and Company, 1910, page 260:

She [Kathleen Pierson] is now a successful romance novelist using Sioux themes and settings, and seems to be attempting to lead the way toward harmony and assimilation between the races, with interracial love her major theme. This is not a new idea for modern white New Englandresses.

1996, Elizabeth Cook-Lynn, “American Indian Intellectualism and the New Indian Story”, in American Indian Quarterly, University of Nebraska Press, pages 60–61:


San Josean

San Joseans (plural)
San Joséan (alternative)

This week will forever be engrained in the minds of San Joseans.

2021 May 28, “A look at how San Jose mourned after mass shooting”, in San José Spotlight, retrieved 2021-05-28:


San Joséan

“Protecting residents’ privacy has been a priority for our office from the beginning. From today on, San Joséans will know exactly what is done with the information that they provide to their city government,” said Mayor Sam Liccardo.

2019 September 18, “San José Adopts First Citywide Privacy Principles”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), San Jose, California: City of San José:


Kannauji

An Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Kannauj region of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, closely related to Hindustani.


Katawixi

A Katukinan language formerly spoken in Amazonas, Brazil.


Kiwai

A Papuan language of southern Papua New Guinea.


Konomihu

An extinct Shastan language formerly spoken in northern California.


saucercraft

A hypothetical flying vehicle with a disc-like shape; flying saucer.


Western Australian

en-adj

Western Australian (comparative more Western Australian, superlative most Western Australian)

more Western Australian (comparative)
most Western Australian (superlative)


Western Australian

en-noun

Western Australian (plural Western Australians)

A native or inhabitant of Western Australia.


Winnipegonian

Winnipegonians (plural)
Winnipeggonian (alternative)

Synonym of Winnipegger; a denizen of Winnipeg.


Winnipegonian

en-adj

Winnipegonian (comparative more Winnipegonian, superlative most Winnipegonian)

more Winnipegonian (comparative)
most Winnipegonian (superlative)
Winnipeggonian (alternative)

Synonym of Winnipegian; Pertaining to Winnipeg


Winnipegian

Winnipegians (plural)
Winnipeggian (alternative)


Winnipegian

Winnipegian (comparative more Winnipegian, superlative most Winnipegian)

more Winnipegian (comparative)
most Winnipegian (superlative)
Winnipeggian (alternative)


Alexey

Transliteration of Russian Алексе́й (Alekséj)

transliteration

Алексе́й Алексей#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian male given name Алексе́й (Alekséj), equivalent to Alexis.


Alexei

Алексе́й Алексей#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian male given name Алексе́й (Alekséj), equivalent to Alexius.


Seediq

The Austronesian language spoken by the Seediq people.


eidgah

eidgahs (plural)
eedgah (alternative)
idgah (alternative)

From Persian عیدگاه (“place of Eid prayers”). See also English dargah.

(Islam, South Asia) An open-air enclosure used for Eid prayers on certain special occasions.


Ury

‘I’m umbly thankful to you, sir,’ said Mrs. Heep, in acknowledgement of my inquiries concerning her health, ‘but I’m only pretty well. I haven’t much to boast of. If I could see my Uriah well settled in life, I couldn’t expect much more I think. How do you think my Ury looking, sir?’

1849 May – 1850 November, Charles Dickens, The Personal History of David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1850, →OCLC:

A diminutive of the male given name Uriah.


Roussillonese

The northern dialect of the Catalan language spoken in Roussillon and North-Eastern Catalonia.


Lye

(rare) A diminutive of the female given name Lyanna.


PoGo

(fandom slang) Abbreviation of Pokémon Go.


Jigyasa

Transliteration of Hindi जिज्ञासा (jijñāsā).


Middle Bengali

Literary Bengali of prose, during the greater part of the 19th century, was thus a doubly artificial language; and, with its forms belonging to Middle Bengali, and its vocabulary highly Sanskritised, it could only be compared to a ‘Modern English’ with a Chaucerian grammar and a super-Johnsonian vocabulary, if such a thing could be conceived.

1926, Suniti Kumar Chatterji, The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language, Calcutta University Press, page 134:

The ancestor of New Bengali, spoken from 1200 CE to 1800, that developed from Old Bengali.


Canal Street

From canal + street. From being where a canal ran or runs.

A street in Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States, where the defensive and transport canal of New Amsterdam once ran, beyond the city wall.

A street in Manchester, United Kingdom, along the Rochdale Canal.


New Bengali

The contemporary Bengali language that developed from Middle Bengali, spoken since 1800.


Kayin

A member of a number of Karenic ethnolinguistic groups in Myanmar (Burma).

A state (administrative division) of Myanmar.


Rabindra

Alternative form of Ravindra (A male given name from Hindi).


Ravindra

Transliteration of Hindi रवींद्र (ravīndra).


Aurobindo

Borrowed from Bengali অরবিন্দ (orobindo).


Bri'ish

Respelling of British imitating the t-glottalisation of some accents and speakers in the United Kingdom, e.g. Cockney accent.

Oi bruv, do you speak Bri'ish?


Lahuli

A Tibetic language spoken in the Lahaul and Spiti region of Himachal Pradesh, India.


Pakawan

A small, now extinct language family that was once spoken in the Rio Grande Valley, consisting of five attested languages.


Ev

A diminutive of the female given name Evelyn.

A diminutive of the male given name Evelyn.


Eliott

Eliotts (plural)
Elliot (alternative)
Elliott (alternative)
Eliot (alternative)


Yogad

An Austronesian language spoken in the northern Philippines.


Glory

From glory as a variant of the more common Gloria.

Glory said, “I think we should change the subject.”
“Your mother wanted to call her Gloria, the usual spelling, but I couldn't see that, when all the other names are in English.”

2009, Marilynne Robinson, Home: Winner of the Women's Prize for Fiction, Hachette UK, →ISBN:


Mim

A diminutive of the female given name Miriam.


Zannah

'Yeah, when we're dead,' says Zan. 'Life is drama, little bruth.'
'Zannah, please,' says Dom. 'Upstairs.'
'Mum, why can't I stay?'
'Suzannah. We very rarely ask you to—'
'Uh-oh. Dad's full-naming me. It must be serious. All right, I'm going.'

2020, Sophie Hannah, Haven't They Grown, Hachette UK, →ISBN:

A diminutive of the female given name Suzannah.


Aneesh

Transliteration of Hindi अनीश (anīś, “paramount, supreme”, literally “having no lord/master”).

translit

A male given name from Hindi, of Indian usage.


Arandic

The total number of Arandic speakers is around 2000, and the Western Aranda dialect accounts for at least half of these.

1982, Colin Yallop, Australian Aboriginal Languages, page 50:

Of or relating to the various languages and dialects of the Aranda (Arrernte) family or group.


Proto-Munda

The reconstructed proto-language that is the ancestor of the Munda languages.


Minaean

Probably with a random vocalization, omitting the voiced pharyngeal fricative in the middle, from occurrence in Old South Arabian inscriptions (endonym 𐩣𐩲𐩬 (mʿn)), + -ean.

Minean (alternative)
Minæan (alternative)

Epigraphic South Arabian
Epigraphic South Arabian

An extinct Semitic language of the Epigraphic South Arabian ones spoken in Arabia.


Gunwinygu

Gunwinggu (alternative)
Gunwinyku (alternative)
Kunwinjku (alternative)

A Gunwinyguan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Gunbalanya in the Northern Territory; widely used as a lingua franca in northwestern Arnhem Land.


Burarra

A Burarran Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken at Maningrida on the north coast of Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Nunggubuyu

A Nunggubuyuan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Numbulwar in east Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Anindilyakwa

An Anindilyakwan Australian Aboriginal language spoken on Groote Eylandt in the Northern Territory.


Murinypata

Murinbata (alternative)
Murrinh-Patha (alternative)
Murrinhpatha (alternative)

A Murinypatan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken in Port Keats in the Northern Territory.


Kitja

A Djeragan Australian Aboriginal language spoken at Halls Creek in Western Australia.


Bardi

A Nyulnyulan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Derby and Broome, Western Australia.


Western Desert language

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language (or group of languages) spoken in central Australia, including Pitjantjatjara and Pintupi.


Nyangumarda

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in and around La Grange and Port Hedland in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.


Kuuk-Thaayorre

A Pama-Maric Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken in the Edward River region of north Queensland.


Gugu-Yalanji

A Pama-Maric Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Bloomfield River region of northeast Queensland.


Mabuyag

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in the western Torres Strait Islands.


Yuulngu-Dhuwal

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken at Milingimbi in the Northern Territory.


Yuulngu-Dhuwala

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Milingimbi and Yirrkala in the Northern Territory.


Yuulngu-Dhiyakuy

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Ngukurr in the Northern Territory.


Yuulngu-Dhangu

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken on Elcho Island off the north coast of Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Iwaidjan

A family of non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing languages spoken on islands off the north coast of Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


non-Pama-Nyungan

(linguistics) Of an Australian Aboriginal language or language family, not of the extensive Pama-Nyungan family.


Iwaidja

An Iwaidjan Australian Aboriginal language spoken on Croker Island off the north coast of Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Gunabidji

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken at Maningrida and the Goulburn Islands on the north coast of Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Nakara

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken at Maningrida on the north coast of Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Gunwinyguan

A family of non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing languages spoken in Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Gunbalang

A Gunwinyguan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Gunbalanya and Maningrida in Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Ngalkbun

A Gunwinyguan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Gunbalanya in west Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Dalabon

An alternative name for Ngalkbun (a Gunwinyguan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Gunbalanya in west Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory).


Rembarunga

Rainbarngo (alternative)
Rembaranga (alternative)
Rembarrnga (alternative)

A Gunwinyguan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Ngukurr and Maningrida in Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Ngandi

A Gunwinyguan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in the Rose River area of east Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Burarran

A family of non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing languages spoken in northern Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Nunggubuyuan

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language family of east Arnhem Land, of which Nunggubuyu is the sole member.


Anindilyakwan

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language family of Groote Eylandt, of which Anindilyakwa is the sole member.


Alawa

A Maran Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken in southeastern Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Alawa

Alagwa, a Cushitic language spoken in Tanzania.


Maran

A family of non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing languages spoken in southeastern Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Roper River Creole

An alternative name for Kriol (spoken by Australian Aborigines in Arnhem Land).


Mangarai

A Mangaraian Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken at Mataranka and Elsey in Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Mangaraian

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language family of southern Arnhem Land, of which Mangarai is the sole member.


Yanyuwa

Anyula (alternative)
Yanuwa (alternative)
Yanyula (alternative)

A Yanyulan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken in the Northern Territory to the south of Arnhem Land.


Yanyulan

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language family located just south of Arnhem Land, of which Yanyula (Yanyuwa) is the sole member.


Mangerian

A family of non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing languages spoken in western Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Kakadju

A Kakadjuan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken in western Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Kakadjuan

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language family of western Arnhem Land, of which Kakadju is the sole member.


Sydney language

The Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken in the Sydney region, comprising both Dharuk and Eora.


Sepa

An Oceanic language of northeast New Guinea.


Tiwian

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language family spoken on Bathurst and Melville Island in the Northern Territory, of which Tiwi is the sole member.


Murinypatan

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language family spoken in Port Keats in the Northern Territory, of which Murinypata is the sole member.


Larrakia

Larakia (alternative)
Larrakeah (alternative)
Larrakeeyah (alternative)
Larrakeyah (alternative)
Larrakiah (alternative)

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language formerly spoken by the Larrakia.


Ngankikurungkurr

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken at Daly River in the north of the Northern Territory.


Ngengomeri

An alternative name for Ngankikurungkurr (a non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken in Daly River in the north of the Northern Territory).


Maringarr

Australian Aboriginal
Australian Aboriginal

(linguistics) A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken along the Daly River in the north of the Northern Territory.


Maridjabin

A dialect of Brinken, a non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken at Daly River in the north of the Northern Territory.


Djamindjung

A Djamindjungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in northern Australia.


Djamindjungan

A family of non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing languages spoken in northern Australia.


Ngaliwuru

A Djamindjungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in the Victoria River area of northern Australia.


Nungali

A Djamindjungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in the Fitzroy River and Kununurra area of northern Australia.


Djeragan

A family of non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing languages of the Kimberley region of Western Australia.


Bunaba

Bunapa (alternative)
Punuba (alternative)
Punapa (alternative)
Punaba (alternative)
Buniba (alternative)
Bunuba (alternative)

A Bunaban Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken at Fitzroy Crossing in the north of Western Australia.


Gunian

Guniyan (alternative)
Kunian (alternative)


Bunaban

A family of non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing languages spoken at Fitzroy Crossing in the north of Western Australia.


Ngarinyin

A Wororan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken in the Derby region of Western Australia.


Wororan

A family of non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing languages spoken in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.


Nyulnyul

An extinct Nyulnyulan Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.


Djingili

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken in the Newcastle Waters and Elliott region of northern Australia.


Wambaya

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken in the Barkly Tableland region of northern Australia.


Garawan

A family of non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing languages spoken in the Borroloola region of northern Australia.


Paman

Of or relating to the Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal languages spoken in the Cape York region of northern Queensland.


Nyungan

Of or relating to the Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal languages spoken in the southwestern region of Western Australia.


Watjari

A prominent dialect of Nyunga, used as a lingua franca in the Mount Magnet and Geraldton regions of Western Australia.


Western Desert

Western Desert language
Western Desert language


Minkinan

An extinct non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language family formerly located in the Burketown region of Queensland, of which Minkin is the sole member.


Wanman

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken in the Marble Bar region of Western Australia; closely related to the Western Desert language.


Ngarluma

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken at Roebourne in the Pilbara region of Western Australia; closely related to Yindjibarndi.


Mudbura

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken in the Newcastle Waters and Elliott region of the Northern Territory.


Ngarinman

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken in the Wave Hill and Victoria River regions of the Northern Territory.


Alyawarra

An Arandic Australian Aboriginal suffixing language originally from northeast of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory.


Waramanga

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken in the Barkly Tableland region of the Northern Territory.


Wakaya

An extinct Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language formerly spoken in the Barkly Tableland region of the Northern Territory.


Warluwara

An extinct Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language formerly spoken in southwestern Queensland.


Kalkatungu

An extinct Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language formerly spoken in the Mount Isa region of Queensland.


Arabana

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken in the Lake Eyre region of South Australia.


Narinjari

/ŋəˈrɪndʒəriː/


Narrinyeri

/ŋəˈrɪndʒəriː/


Wiradjuric

Of or relating to a group of Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal languages and/or dialects of inland New South Wales, including Gamilaraay and Wiradjuri.


Yuin-Kuric

Of or relating to an extinct group of Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal languages and/or dialects of coastal New South Wales, including Awabakal, Dharuk, Kuringgai, and Tharawal.


Tharawal

The extinct Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language, within the Yuin-Kuric group, formerly spoken in the coastal region south of Sydney, New South Wales.


Pama-Maric

Of or relating to a group of Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal languages and/or dialects spoken over much of Queensland, including Kuuk-Thaayorre, Wik-Mungkan, and Guugu Yimidhirr.


Australian Pidgin English

Port Jackson Pidgin English
Port Jackson Pidgin English

A pidgin formerly used between Australian Aboriginal peoples and non-Aboriginal settlers in Australia, beginning with Port Jackson Pidgin English and developing into Australian Kriol.


Port Jackson Pidgin English

Australian Pidgin English
Australian Pidgin English

A former pidgin used between Australian Aboriginal peoples and non-Aboriginal settlers in the Sydney area in the early days of the British settlement of Australia; later developing into the more widespread Australian Pidgin English.


Australian Kriol

A creole language widely spoken by Australian Aborigines in Arnhem Land; originating in a creolisation of Australian Pidgin English.


Kunjen

A Pama-Maric Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken in the Mitchell River region of Queensland.


Kuku-Ya'u

A Pama-Maric Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken in the Lockhart River region of Queensland.


Dyirbalic

Of or relating to a group of eight Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal languages and/or dialects spoken in the region of Cairns and the Atherton Tableland, Queensland.


Lamalama

/ˈlʌməˌlʌmə/

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in eastern Cape York Peninsula, Queensland.


Murngic

Of or relating to a group of Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal languages and/or dialects spoken in northeastern Arnhem Land by the Yolngu people.


Kulinic

Of or relating to a group of Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal languages and/or dialects spoken in central Victoria by the Kulin people.


Martu Wangka

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in central Australia; formed from the intermingling of dialects of the Western Desert language group in the region of Jigalong, Western Australia.


Kartutjara

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language; one of the principle components of Martu Wangka, part of the Western Desert language group.


Wangkatjunga

An alternate name for Martu Wangka (a Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in central Australia; formed from the intermingling of dialects of the Western Desert language group in the region of Jigalong, Western Australia).


Yulparirra

Yulbaridja (alternative)
Yulparija (alternative)
Yulparitja (alternative)

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in central Australia; usually considered a dialect of the Western Desert language group.


Pintubi

(obsolescent) Alternative spelling of Pintupi


Kukatja

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Port Augusta area of South Australia; a major dialect of the Western Desert language group.


Luritja

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language of the Luritja; part of the Western Desert language group.


Yaralde

The Australian Aboriginal suffixing language Ngarrindjeri, or a dialect of it.


Kayapo

An indigenous people of Brazil, inhabiting a vast area spreading across the states of Pará and Mato Grosso, south of the Amazon River and along Xingu River and its tributaries.


Kayapo

Caraho (alternative)
Cayapo (alternative)


Carijona

Borrowed from Spanish Carijona, itself borrowed from Carijona karihona (“Carijona-speaker, person”), from Proto-Cariban *karipona (“person”). Doublet of Carib, cannibal, caribe, Garifuna, and Kari'na.


Chatthi

Alternative form of Chatti (“Germanic tribe”)


Stephenie

A female given name, variant of Stephanie.


The Scum

Used since the Hillsborough disaster of 1989, which The Sun falsely blamed on Liverpool FC fans, leading to a boycott in Liverpool.


RoseAnne

Alternative form of Roseanne; A female given name.


Budweiser

[...] the inhabitants of Budweis identified primarily as Budweisers and loyal subjects of the Habsburg Empire.

2017, Irina Livezeanu, Árpád von Klimó, editors, The Routledge History of East Central Europe Since 1700, page 34:

A denizen of Budweis (Budovicium), Bohemia.


Bethan

Shortened form of Bethany, from Ancient Greek Βηθανία (Bēthanía), from Aramaic בית עניא (beth anya, “house of wretchedness”).

der

A female given name from Aramaic, variant of Bethany, transferred use of the biblical place name.


Bophuthatswanan

A native or inhabitant of Bophuthatswana.


Awkward Bench

Described as 'a sabre-toothed growler on Labour's awkward bench' (Robert Hardman), he sits alongside Dennis Skinner a mere arm's length from the Chief Whip, whom, in opposition during the 1992 Parliament, he defied 52 times, […]

1999, Robert Waller, Byron Criddle, The Almanac of British Politics, page 288:

I am pleased that he is on the awkward Bench and hope to see him here in future.

2005, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), page 451:

(UK politics, slang) The front row of seats below the gangway on the Labour side of the House of Commons, where rebel MPs often sit.


below the gangway

(UK politics) On the benches in the House of Commons located past the central aisle and relatively far from the Speaker, generally occupied by minority groups not belonging to either the government or the Shadow Cabinet.


Lotuko

Latuka (alternative)
Loatuko (alternative)

The Eastern Nilotic language of these people.


Hatty

A diminutive of the female given name Harriet.


Hejazian

A native or inhabitant of the Hejaz region.


Maipure

Maypure (alternative)
Mejepure (alternative)

A language once spoken along the Ventuari, Sipapo, and Autana rivers of Amazonas and, as a lingua franca, in the Upper Orinoco region. It became extinct around the end of the 18th century.


Urak Lawoi'

A language of southern Thailand, belonging to the Malayic group of Austronesian languages.


Venedikt

From Russian Венеди́кт (Venedíkt). Doublet of Benedict.

Венеди́кт Венедикт#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian male given name Венеди́кт (Venedíkt).


Cassander

From κέκασμαι (kékasmai, “to shine; excel over”) and ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man”). In turn, the name means "one who excels over man."


clanspeak

Carl understood clanspeak, of course, but only someone with two independent sets of vocal chords could speak it fluently.

2010, Edward M. Lerner, InterstellarNet: New Order:

He spoke the grymjek, the clanspeak, better than Anna's own father.

National Geographic: The hidden world of whale culture https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/the-hidden-world-of-whale-culture-feature
CLANSPEAK
Members of a sperm whale family near the Caribbean island of Dominica are part of a clan that's culturally distinct from others. Each clan communicates in its own dialect of click patterns, like Morse code.

(rare, chiefly fantasy) The language or dialect of a certain clan.


Apostolos

Unadapted borrowing from Ancient Greek Απόστολος (Apóstolos).


Elatha

Elotha (alternative)
Elier (alternative)
Elada (alternative)

(Irish mythology) A king of the Fomorians and the father of Bres by Ériu of the Tuatha Dé Danann, as well as Delbaeth, Ogma, Elloth (grandfather of Manannán mac Lir), and the Dagda by an unnamed mother.


Elihu

(secret society): Named after Elihu Yale.


Eliphalet

der

Hebrew אֱלִיפָלֶת


Emeline

A female given name from the Germanic languages, a form of Emmeline.


Erromintxela

The distinctive language of a group of Romani living in the Basque Country.


Ninian

A male given name, probably from Saint Ninian.


Eteocretan

A pre-Greek language attested in a few alphabetic inscriptions of ancient Crete.


Eudora

Audio (US)


Viossa

en-adj

Viossa (not generally comparable, comparative more Viossa, superlative most Viossa)

more Viossa (comparative)
most Viossa (superlative)

From Viossa viossa, from vi ("we") + glossa ("language").
Note: Discussing etymologies of Viossa words using languages other than Viossa is discouraged by the community, due to the practice of immersion-focused learning.

Of or pertaining to the Viossa language.


Gahrwali

The Indo-Aryan language of these people.


Maggy

A diminutive of the female given name Margaret.


Yohan

A male given name, equivalent to English John.


Bozza

(UK politics, slang) The British politician and journalist Boris Johnson (born 1964), Mayor of London from 2008 to 2016 and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2019 to 2022.


Shahqoli

Transliteration of Iranian Persian شاهقلی (šâhqoli), from شاهقلی (šāhqulī), from Old Anatolian Turkish.

transliteration

شاهقلی شاهقلی#Persian

A transliteration of the Persian male given name شاهقلی (šâhqoli)


Dunc

I love to have a beer with Duncan / I love to have a beer with Dunc

1980, Pat Alexander (lyrics and music), “Duncan”, performed by Slim Dusty:

A diminutive of the male given name Duncan.


Morshedqoli

Transliteration of Persian مرشدقلی (moršedqoli), from Old Anatolian Turkish.

مرشدقلی مرشدقلی#Persian

A transliteration of the Persian male given name مرشدقلی (moršedqoli)


Emamqoli

Transliteration of Persian امامقلی (emâmqoli), from Old Anatolian Turkish.

امامقلی امامقلی#Persian

A transliteration of the Persian male given name امامقلی (emâmqoli)


Aliqoli

Transliteration of Persian علیقلی ('aliqoli), from Old Anatolian Turkish.

علیقلی علیقلی#Persian

A transliteration of the Persian male given name علیقلی ('aliqoli)


Rezaqoli

Transliteration of Persian رضاقلی (rezâqoli), from Old Anatolian Turkish.

رضاقلی رضاقلی#Persian

A transliteration of the Persian male given name رضاقلی (rezâqoli)


Allahqoli

Transliteration of Persian اللهقلی (allâh-qoli), from Old Anatolian Turkish.

اللهقلی اللهقلی#Persian

A transliteration of the Persian male given name اللهقلی (allâh-qoli)


red wall

Coined by pollster James Kanagasooriam in August 2019.

coin

Coordinate term: blue wall

Truss claims to have grown up in a “red wall” seat. This is not just a wilful anachronism, it is flatly untrue.

2022 July 18, Martin Pengelly, “I grew up where Liz Truss did, attended the same school. She’s not telling you the truth”, in The Guardian:

(UK politics) A set of constituencies, in the Midlands, Northern England and North East Wales, which have historically tended to support the Labour Party.


Mohammadqoli

Transliteration of Persian محمدقلی (mohammadqoli), from Old Anatolian Turkish.

transliteration

محمدقلی محمدقلی#Persian

A transliteration of the Persian male given name محمدقلی (mohammadqoli)


Hoseynqoli

Transliteration of Persian حسینقلی (hoseynqoli), from Old Anatolian Turkish.

حسینقلی حسینقلی#Persian

A transliteration of the Persian male given name حسینقلی (hoseynqoli)


Buduma

The Chadic language spoken by these people.


Bundeli

Borrowed from Bundeli बुन्देली (bundelī).

bor+

An Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Bundelkhand region of central India.


Byzantian

en-adj

Byzantian (comparative more Byzantian, superlative most Byzantian)

more Byzantian (comparative)
most Byzantian (superlative)

Alternative form of Byzantine (“of or pertaining to Byzantium”)


Byzantian

Alternative form of Byzantine (“native of Byzantium”)


Mellida

"That's no matter," said Mellida, "but I am sure a neater personage is there not in mine eye in all the world. And how far would poor Mellida go to receive one pleasing smile from him?"

1998, Richard Brathwaite, Henry D. Janzen, The Two Lancashire Lovers, page 207:


Sifan

From Oromo Siifan, Siif (“for you”) + an (“I am, me”) = (I am for you).

A female given name from Oromo, (that indicated am for you)


Cowlitz

An indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest.


Cowlitz

A language of the Tsamosan branch of the Coast Salish family of Salishan languages.


Kunza

An extinct language isolate once spoken in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile and southern Peru by the Atacama people.


Vern

A diminutive of the male given name Vernon.


Christabella

From Christ + -bella, by analogy to Isabella and Arabella.


TFG

(US politics, slang) Initialism of "the former guy". Specifically, the former American president Donald Trump.


fringe church

Millions of people attend fringe church affiliated worship services each day.

More important, Westrom argues, the fringe church should turn its reins of leadership over to the newcomers, who would bring "fresh ideas" and "add to the vitality of the program of the church."

2003, Etan Diamond, Souls of the City: Religion and the Search for Community in Postwar America, Indiana University Press, page 83:

Never before in the history of Christianity has there been such a complete move to orthodox Christianity by an unorthodox fringe church.

2003, J. Michael Feazell, The Liberation of the Worldwide Church of God: The Remarkable Story of a Cult's Journey from Deception to Truth, Zondervan, page 2:

Experts estimate there are 2 million South Koreans who are followers of fringe churches, but the exact figures are unknown.

2021, VICE Asia, “Why It's So Hard to Leave a South Korean Fringe Church”, in Vice News:

(colloquial, derogatory) A Christian denomination espousing doctrines or worship customs rejected by the majority of Christians.

Congregants drove to attend services at a fringe church on Sunday morning.

Although one might have thought that the prospect of new suburbanites offered "nothing but pure and golden opportunity," the typical rural-fringe church "simply fails to notice what is happening."

2003, Etan Diamond, Souls of the City: Religion and the Search for Community in Postwar America, Indiana University Press, page 81:

The man was pastor of some lunatic-fringe church.

2004, Jack W. Payne, Six Hours Past Thursday, Impact Books, page 312:

Ponsonby Baptist is a small-city fringe church, with sixty to seventy people in attendance each Sunday.

2017, John Tucker, Text Messages: Preaching God's Word in a Smartphone World, Wipf & Stock Publishers, page 149:

(colloquial, derogatory) A place of worship affiliated with this type of religious denomination.


Emer

From Old Irish Emer; cognate with Irish Eimhear and Scottish Gaelic Eimhir.


Ailie

Though no minister would visit the Skerburnfoot, or, if he went, departed quicker than he came, the girl Ailie attended regular at the catechising at the mains of Sker.

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

(Scotland) A diminutive of the female given name Alison.


Wallonian

Possibly Wallonians bought goods in Flanders that they could have obtained cheaper in Holland if it were not for the tariff.

2012, Bert van Selm, The Economics of Soviet Breakup:


Westlander

A native or inhabitant of Westland, New Zealand.


Witoto

Ultimately from Proto-Cariban *wɨtoto (“person”), originally applied to the people in question by Cariban-speakers as an exonym.

An indigenous American language or language family spoken in Colombia and Peru.


Deepa

From Hindi दीपा (dīpā), from Sanskrit दीपा (dīpā).


Toi

en:Toi (Polynesian name)
en:Toi (disambiguation)

From Maori Toi, Samoan Toi, and other Polynesian languages.

A male given name from the Polynesian languages.

(New Zealand) A male given name from Maori.


Toi

A female given name from Louisiana Creole.


Col

A diminutive of the male given name Colin.


Jemez

A Tanoan language spoken by the Jemez people.


Jur

A language spoken by the Luwo people of the Bahr el Ghazal region in South Sudan.


Elhaz

Learned borrowing from Proto-Germanic *elhaz (“elk”). Doublet of elk.

lbor

Elhaz signifies the elk and the sedge plant, both noted for their ability to protect. Elhaz is considered the most powerful of the runes for protection against those influences we find in conflict with ourselves.

2007, Christina Pratt, An Encyclopedia of Shamanism, volume 2, The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc, →ISBN, page 403:


New Yorkian

New Yorkians (plural)
New-Yorkian (alternative)
Newyorkian (alternative)

Mr Hollis tells me that Bute has established a Jesuit in a school at Kensington and has sent two of his younger children to be educated by him, and had made Barron … send two of his. He thinks with me that the late Act of Parliament respecting New York most tyrannical and hopes the honest New Yorkians will not submit to it, but will draw their swords in defence of their Liberty.

1767 July 9, Sylas Neville, The Diary of Sylas Neville, 1767—1788, Oxford University Press, published 1950, page 17:

What pity it is that the New Yorkian of that honourable body should make them so blind to real interest as not to prefer the first city on the finest river in the most respectable state in America, to a parcel of buildings, confusedly situated on a pitiful island which has neither ice in winter to protect it, nor force in summer sufficient to prevent Congress and all their papers being carried off by pirates.

1788 October 4, “Site for Capitol”, in Pittsburgh Gazette; republished as “Extracts From The Pittsburgh Gazette: Site for Capitol”, in The Gazette Times, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1923 January 27, page 6, column 5:

A minister of the Lutheran Church in America, Dr. Van Deusen, a native New Yorkian, has served with the Lutheran Council since 1944.

1965 December 2, “Council Topic: Church-State”, in The Greenville News, number 336, Greenville, S.C., page 41, column 5:

In fact, the Californian or Ohioan or New Yorkian who lands a No. 4 plate on her all-terrain minivan is much more likely to survive the transition with her insanely sped up driving habits than the one who actually has to brake for a cow every now and then in Ravalli County.

2016 May 19, Bill LaCroix, “Drive how we vote”, in Missoula Independent: Western Montana’s Weekly Journal of People, Politics and Culture, volume 27, number 20, Missoula, Mont., page 4:


Newyorkian

en-adj

Newyorkian (comparative more Newyorkian, superlative most Newyorkian)

more Newyorkian (comparative)
most Newyorkian (superlative)

The editor of perhaps the most widely read magazine issuing from the metropolis was recently asked, “Is your magazine read much in New York city itself?” / “Oh, yes,” he answered, “but we are more popular in the United States.” The answer was indicative. New York is not American. It is merely Newyorkian. And the New Yorker is beginning to know it and to regret it.

1908 April 14, “A Few Lines on the “Big Burg””, in The Shreveport Journal: Official Journal of the City of Shreveport, Shreveport, La., page 4, column 2:

In bed, he dreamt of Caty, of her sweet and solid body nourished on all the Newyorkian essences, her aromatic Boricuan body of markedly horizontal tendencies.[…]In the livingroom decorated with posters of erotic content—Babylonian Newyorkian obsession—the guests move from one spot to another: pale youths with huge afros, girls in slacks, an occasional skirt.[…]Oh, a bien chévere couple, he will be ashamed of his father I will raise him by myself Newyorican son, hum, his grain of sand in the Newyorkian population hum, feeling the nostalgic notes of a guitar the rasping of a güiro on the floor below, Boricuan Christmas in the urban setting oh unbearable nostalgia, loneliness profoundly exhausted not only from the effects of the hard work under the Manolo-ian vigilance, an exhaustion from deep within.

1993, Tanya T. Fayen, transl., Hot Soles in Harlem (Discoveries), Pittsburgh, Pa.: Latin American Literary Review Press, translation of Harlem todos los días: Novela by Emilio Díaz Valcárcel, →ISBN, pages 131, 151, and 169:

Along this leg one usually can find hot-dogs, knishes and assorted Newyorkian nosh delicacies purchasable from pushcart stands.

1997, Cy A Adler, “Leg 2 — West 42nd Street to 125th Street”, in Walking the Hudson, Batt to Bear: From the Battery to Bear Mountain: […], Green Eagle Press, →ISBN, page 21:

With a little help from our Newyorkian friend, Jeremy Malvasia, in the vocal department and to be featured, in a slightly different version, on the forthcoming album Viva Riva.

2002, “Enrico Riva: The Night Is Young”, in The Night Is Young 3: Sunshine Moods, Tribal Grooves and Future Dubs, Life Enhancing Audio:

just then the world began to spin, or was it the room? it must have been the room... / the instructions must have gotten lost in all the mayhem / the manhattan project: a crisis of newyorkian proportions

2005, Micropixie, “earth: a kit”, in Alice in Stevie Wonderland, Utmosis:

Interestingly, the best-known of the Friedrichstraße entries today was one ignored by jury at the time: [Ludwig] Mies van der Rohe’s very “Newyorkian” steel and glass tower.

2017, Piotr Sadowski, The Semiotics of Light and Shadows: Modern Visual Arts and Weimar Cinema, Bloomsbury Academic, →ISBN:


New-Yorkian

New-Yorkian (comparative more New-Yorkian, superlative most New-Yorkian)

more New-Yorkian (comparative)
most New-Yorkian (superlative)

Has any intimation been forwarded of the[…]of this “tall-talker” to New-Yorkian shores?

1878 January 18, “Reflections. (Personal and otherwise.)”, in The Bicycle Journal, volume 1 (new series), number 75, page 25, column 2:

The very month that this tribute of the leading English art review appeared, the readers of a New York journal were told that it would be pleasant to feel sure that American art as a whole was beginning to take on some sort of national complexion: “[…] The subjects they choose are rarely American; they take little pains to reproduce American landscapes or types of character; they pay little attention to American historical episodes. They are Parisian, rather than New-Yorkian.”

1888, George William Sheldon, chapter VIII, in Recent Ideals of American Art: […], New York and London: D. Appleton and Company, published 1890, pages 142–144:

Every smart New-Yorkian song begins anywhere, but surely ends with the Bowery.

1895, Rudyard Home, “Unprecedented Growth of New York”, in Columbian Sketches, Dublin: M. H. Gill & Son, page 40:

After his early Ohio experience, which finds a reflex mainly in his autobiography, the scenes of his fiction, initially Venetian, maturely Bostonian, autumnally New-Yorkian, dispersedly and interspersedly European and American, copy his migrations as precisely as if his imagination were a part of his luggage.

1924, Oscar W. Firkins, “Novel and Tale”, in William Dean Howells: A Study, New York, N.Y.: Russell & Russell, Inc., published 1963, page 65:

The Doctor’s House. James Liddy. Salmon. 142 pp € 15 pb 21 cm 1-903392-39-x. After anecdotes and snippets from the poet’s Wexford childhood (he was born 1934) about his dispensary doctor father and New-Yorkian mother, the real show begins when he hits the big smoke for college days and apprenticeship among the McDaid’s mob.

Alexander Chervinsky makes his works by balancing on the intersection of New-Yorkian aestheticism and spiritual impulses inherent only to Tolstoy’s and Dostoevsky’s characters.

2021, Lisa Plavinsky, “Introduction”, in Martin Dewhirst, Marina Dewhirst, Anastasia Samostra, transl., edited by Alexander Chervinsky, You Never Know, Dobro-books:


Rishabh

Transliteration of Hindi ऋषभ (ŕṣabh). Doublet of Rushabh and Rishabha.

A male given name from Hindi, of Indian usage.


Meletius

From Latin Meletius, from Ancient Greek Μελέτιος (Melétios).


Chariclea

Borrowed from Latin Chariclea, from Ancient Greek Χαρίκλεια (Kharíkleia).


Japhug

A Gyalrong language spoken in Barkam County, Rngaba, Sichuan, China.


Wuhanian

Wuhanian (comparative more Wuhanian, superlative most Wuhanian)

more Wuhanian (comparative)
most Wuhanian (superlative)


Perley

en-proper noun

Perley (countable and uncountable, plural Perleys)

Perley B. Johnson, Perley G. Nutting

A male given name transferred from the surname.


Oldenburger

A warmblood horse from the northwestern corner of Lower Saxony, formerly the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg.


enyay

These accent letter codes and punctuation codes are represented by two characters. The first character (called a signal) more or less modifies the second character. For example, ˜n represents the Spanish enyay.

1988, Don Chapman, Alan K Melby, “MicroMATER”, in Deseret Language and Linguistic Society Symposium, volume 14, number 1, page 67:

Please try to stay away from some of those special characters (umlauts, hachas, enyays, etc), because they are 8-bit and non-standard.

1994 June 7, Jeff Kopmanis, “LSM: New Release: 05JUN94”, in comp.os.linux.development (Usenet):

I suppose it's intended to be used by people who are used to the US layout, but who want to be able to put a few types of accents onto a few vowels. There's upside down punctuation, no C cedille, no enyay. I don't _think_ so anyway. It may be that ~N produces an enyay, in which case it would be just as annoying to use in the Unix world as one of the other national layouts.

2002 July 23, Silvan, “strange keyboard behavior”, in alt.os.linux.mandrake (Usenet):

Of course, Unicode supports the enyay—ñ—as a single encoded character, but there are many examples of language elements in, say, Vietnamese, for which there are no single encoded characters in Unicode.

2002, Jim Melton, Alan R. Simon, SQL: 1999, Morgan Kaufmann, →ISBN, page 705:

"No, no, no," I said, trilling my double r's and transforming all the n's with tildes into enyays, "I did not ask you what it cost, I asked you what it was worth."

2008 November, Ben Guerrero, “Rockers”, in Home, Ridgefield: Hersam Acorn Newspapers, page 42:

The name of the Latin-script letter Ñ/ñ.


Shio

Transliteration of Old Georgian შიო (šio), an alternative form of შიოშ (šioš).


Wea

Clipping of Waiatanwa and other forms, derived from Miami waayaahtanwa, from waayaahtanonki (“place of the whirpool”).

An indigenous people of western Indiana, USA and surrounding regions .


Talaing

Borrowed from Burmese တလိုင်း (ta.luing:).


Talaing

The Talaings in Burma, who retain the use of their own language and keep up their separate nationality , are found chiefly in the Thaton and Amherst districts. In Siam they are found chiefly on the Menam and Meklawng rivers, living in separate villages and maintaining their own customs.

1917, Robert Halliday, The Talaings, →OCLC, page 2:

Today the Mon-speaking Talaing still occupy parts of southern Burma.

1977, Gordon T. Bowles, The People of Asia (Peoples of the World Series), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 191:

A mythological duck
To fully appreciate a trip to Bago 8, the visitor should first understand the history of the Talaing (Mon) people. Like the Pyu — predecessors of the Bamar — they originally came from the north. The Talaing, who arrived before the Pyu, ventured down the Thanlwin River rather than the Ayeyarwady. Theirs was the “Golden Land of Suvannabhumi”, which stretched from what is today Malaysia to. the Bay of Bengal. The Talaing built their capital, Thaton, on the east side of the Sittoung (Sittang) River.

2005, Francis Dorai, editor, Burma (Insight Guides), Updated edition, published 2006, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 153:

One of the most important issues enmeshed in the historiography of early Burma is the notion of the “downtrodden Talaing.” This is the belief that King Alaungpaya in the eighteenth century had conducted a war of extermination of the Mon people, enslaved them, and had deliberately created a derogatory Burmese term (talaing) to be used thenceforth for the Mon people.

2017, Michael A. Aung-Thwin, The Mists of Rāmañña / The Legend That Was Lower Burma, page 261:


Talaing

en-adj

Talaing (comparative more Talaing, superlative most Talaing)

more Talaing (comparative)
most Talaing (superlative)

2017 [1894], Richard Carnac Temple, Notes On Antiquities in Ramannadesa (The Talaing Country of Burma.):

EINGSAUNG
In the folk beliefs of the Burman and Talaing people of Burma, these nats are benevolent house guardians that dwell in the south corner of the home in a post decorated with leaves. They are propitiated with offerings of coconuts.

1996, Carol Rose, Spirits, Fairies, Gnomes, and Goblins: An Encyclopedia of the Little People, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 98:


Korea Fish

Pun on Han's name in Mandarin 韓國瑜 /韩国瑜 (Hán Guóyú), which is homophonous to 韓國／韩国 (Hánguó, “Korea”) + 魚／鱼 (yú, “fish”).


Vegetable English

Pun on Tsai's name in Mandarin 蔡英文 (Cài Yīngwén), which is homophonous to 菜 (cài, “vegetable”) + 英文 (Yīngwén, “English”).

(Taiwan, humorous) Nickname for Tsai Ing-wen, Taiwanese politician.


Blayre

Blayres (plural)
Blair (alternative)
Blaire (alternative)

A unisex given name from Scottish Gaelic.


Macarius

From Latin Macarius, from Ancient Greek Μακάριος (Makários).


max fac

(UK politics, historical) A rejected proposal to resolve the Irish border issue of Brexit by introducing technology and legislation that would streamline customs arrangements; ultimately the Northern Ireland Protocol was implemented instead.


Nikole

Borrowed from the French Nicole, from Ancient Greek Νικόλαος (Nikólaos), from νίκη (níkē, “victory”) + λαός (laós, “people”).

No one says anything for a while, and the only sound is Nikole sniffling.

Julie, the family social worker, explained Nikole's complicated living situation and risk factors to the judge at her most recent court date.

2014, esley T Church, II, David Springer, Albert R Roberts, Juvenile Justice Sourcebook, page 453:

So Margaret and Nikole left and were helped into the carriage for the trip to the palace.


gigachad

gigachads (plural)
Gigachad (alternative)
GigaChad (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gigachad.wav

From giga- + Chad (“a very attractive man”). Although isolated uses exist earlier, the term was popularized by an anonymous poster on the 4chan /pol/ board on October 17th, 2017, who referred to Russian model Ernest Khalimov as "Gigachad". See Gigachad for more.

I heard Robert just donated $500 to Team Trees. What an absolute gigachad!

I have a lot of respect to Tarik for being a gigachad.

2022 March 27, Olivia Richman, “Doublelift calls Tarik "gigachad" for condemning JasonR's sexist behavior”, in Inven Global, archived from the original on 2024-02-05:

As per his IGN interview, LMSH took 242 tries to beat Malenia on his own. After this, he just decided that no other player has to suffer the same fate he did. What an absolute GigaChad.

2022 April 18, RJ Pierce, “Legendary 'Elden Ring' Player 'Let Me Solo Her' Is Now Immortalized In A Mod”, in Tech Times, archived from the original on 2023-03-25:

His meteoric rise from ironic gigachad to actual gigachad is a huge story in Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, but he just one-upped his own reputation. In an RMR match against Ecstatic, HooXi scored an insane HLTV rating of 2.21.

2022 October 5, Kenneth Williams, “HooXi just outfragged the rest of G2 against Ecstatic”, in WIN.gg, archived from the original on 2023-09-25:

(by extension, Internet slang, sometimes sarcastic) An extremely admirable man; a Chad among Chads.


Manchegan

Manchegan (comparative more Manchegan, superlative most Manchegan)

more Manchegan (comparative)
most Manchegan (superlative)


Chepang

The Sino-Tibetan language spoken by this ethnic group


Leylah

A female given name from Arabic, variant of Leila.


Iraqian

Iraqian (comparative more Iraqian, superlative most Iraqian)

more Iraqian (comparative)
most Iraqian (superlative)


Karakhanid

From Persian قراخانیان (qarâkhân), of Turkic origin, from Old Turkic 𐰴𐰺𐰀 (qr¹a, “black; courageous”) (from Proto-Turkic *kara) + 𐰴𐰍𐰣 (qǧn¹, “khan, ruler”) (corresponding to modern English khan).

der

An extinct Turkic language developed in the 11th century under the Kara-Khanid Khanate, noted as the first literary Islamic Turkic language. Though it is similar to Old Uyghur, it had several loanwords from Persian and Arabic. Chagatai is a descendant of this language.


Murderapolis

Blend of murder + Minneapolis, with reference to its crimewave of the 1990s, during which many homicides were recorded.

(US, slang, derogatory) The city of Minneapolis, Minnesota.


Fordata

An Austronesian language spoken in the Tanimbar Islands of the Moluccas, closely related to Kei.


Saint Louisan

en-adj

Saint Louisan (comparative more Saint Louisan, superlative most Saint Louisan)

more Saint Louisan (comparative)
most Saint Louisan (superlative)
Saint Louisian (alternative)


Saint Louisan

Saint Louisans (plural)
Saint Louisian (alternative)


New-Yorkeress

But—(as we learn from our European correspondent)—but—he^([sic]) authoress of the hooped circle, the Empress Eugenie, has appeared in public without hoops. A revolution is in prospect, to which ’93 is pale! Hoops avaunt!—Down on your knees, femenine^([sic]) provincialdom, and hear the resistless ukase of the Empress Eugenie! New-Yorkeresses, obey! Off with your hoops! So much for the swelling shams

1857 March 5, “A War Whoop”, in The Carroll Free Press, volume 25, number 10 (whole 1,313), Carrollton, Ohio, column 2:

“I thought of going up to the English chapel outside the Popolo, to see a pretty New-Yorkeress,” said the latter;

1863, Henry P. Leland, Americans in Rome, New York, N.Y.: Charles T. Evans, page 34:

The lady was not pretty, and she was not, Isabel thought, dressed in the perfect taste of Boston; but she owned frankly to herself that the New-Yorkeress was stylish, undeniably effective.

1871, The Atlantic Monthly: A Magazine of Literature, Science, Art, and Politics, volume XXVIII, Boston: James R. Osgood and Company, late Ticknor & Fields, and Fields, Osgood, & Co., page 32, column 1:


Najibullah

Najibullahs (plural)
Najeebullah (alternative)

From Arabic نجيبالله (literally “distinguished servant of the god Allah”), from نجيب (“Najib”)+الله (allāh, “Allah”).

bor

A male given name from Arabic, an Islamic name.


Gilly

A diminutive of the female given name Gillian.


Waikuri

An extinct language of southern Baja California spoken by the Waikuri or Guaycura people.


Arlingtonian

en-adj

Arlingtonian (comparative more Arlingtonian, superlative most Arlingtonian)

more Arlingtonian (comparative)
most Arlingtonian (superlative)

Of or relating to Arlington County, Virginia, United States.


Arlingtonian

A native or inhabitant of Arlington County, Virginia, United States.


Gerwyn

Gerwyn Capon
Gerwyn Edwards
Gerwyn Price
Gerwyn Williams


Türkman

en-noun

Türkman (countable and uncountable, plural Türkmans or Türkmen)

The wild Kürd and Türkman, wandering predatory shepherds, pitch their tents there;

1842, Eli Smith, “Moral and Religious Condition of Western Asia”, in Missionary Sermons and Addresses, New York, N.Y.: Saxton & Miles, […], page 27:

The tekfur of Trebizond had such a bride, but that means descending from the freedom of the open pastures of the Türkmans through the dark valleys of the Pontos with its agach denizi (sea of trees), where armed men lurked, to the alien and enclosed world of the coastal Greeks: a world fraught with danger.

1983, Anthony Bryer, “Greeks and Turks”, in Tom Winnifrith, Penelope Murray, editors, Greece Old and New, The Macmillan Pres Ltd, →DOI, →ISBN, page 103:

The most popular poet is, perhaps, Makhdūm-ḳuli (1733–ca. 1782), an educated Türkman, who cultivated the forms of folk poetry in secular love lyrics, and also wrote didactic works and religious songs.[…]Local languages were now elevated to independent literary status. The largest among these were Uzbek, Kazak, Türkman and Kirghiz.

1976, Eleazar Birnbaum, “Turkish literature through the ages”, in R. M. Savory, editor, Introduction to Islamic Civilisation, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 81, column 2:

Altan Gokalp has suggested that the terms Türkman and Yörük as used in these documents were not ethnic-linguistic labels but referred to different statuses for purposes of taxation; he believes that neither Yörük nor Türkman were necessarily turcophone (personal communication; cf. Gokalp 1989, 530–532).

1997, Martin van Bruinessen, ““Aslını inkar eden haramzadedir!” The Debate on the Ethnic Identity of the Kurdish Alevis”, in Krisztina Kehl-Bodrogi, Barbara Kellner-Heinkele, Anke Otter-Beaujean, editors, Syncretistic Religious Communities in the Near East: […], Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 10:


Türkman

Part of the Seljuk and Türkman success in breaking local economies and sense of Orthodox patrida in Anatolia comes from the way in which they extinguished these local shrines and their lands, for once a pilgrim town has been wrecked it is very difficult to revive.

1983, Anthony Bryer, “Greeks and Turks”, in Tom Winnifrith, Penelope Murray, editors, Greece Old and New, The Macmillan Pres Ltd, →DOI, →ISBN, page 101:

The Salor tribe, who held the city, had not been in the habit of making marauding incursions into Persia for the purpose of plunder and capturing slaves; but they were charged by Abbāss Mirza with supplying arms to other Türkman tribes, and of receiving Persian prisoners in return, whom they either retained as slaves or sold in Khīva and Bokhāra.

1995, Charles Ellison Bates, John Moubray Trotter, Central Asia: A Contribution Towards the Better Knowledge of the Topography, Ethnology, Resources, & History of Persia, page 502:

Amir Khan was the leading amir of the Türkman tribe, which had come to regard Azerbaijan as its fief. The other Türkman amirs were incensed not only by his imprisonment, but also by his replacement with an Ustajlu.

2009, Shah Abbas: The Ruthless King Who Became an Iranian Legend, I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd:


Logooli

A Bantu language of Kenya and Tanzania, spoken by the Maragoli.


Kyrsten

A female given name, variant of Kirsten.


Latoyah

A female given name originating as a coinage, of latter 20th-century African-American usage.


Ulsterite

A native or inhabitant of Ulster in Ireland.


Urbian

A conjectured Old European substrate language.


Chipaya

A South American language of the Uru–Chipaya language family.


Lowanna

en-proper-noun

Lowanna (countable and uncountable, plural Lowannas)


Lowana

Lowana (countable and uncountable, plural Lowanas)


Burma Road

From the name of a road in Burma which ran to the frontier with China, built in 1937–1938 by the British in order to circumvent the Japanese blockade of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) during World War II.

A “Burma Road” for Africa, or, in fact, a pair of “Burma Roads,” may develop from the current improvement of British and Free French roads across Central Africa.

1942 March 9, “New Allied Life Line Across Africa”, in Geographic School Bulletin, volume 21, number 3:

Between January 1, 1943, and June 1, 1945, an average of slightly more than 17 trains plied daily between the two termini of the railway. During all this period, it served as the super-Burma Road to Russia.

1947, Raj Narain Gupta, Iran: An Economic Study, page 145:

The Israelis were able to break the stranglehold by bypassing the normal route to Jerusalem through building a “Burma Road” to resupply the city.

2007, Michael Rydelnik, Understanding the Arab-Israeli Conflict: What the Headlines Haven’t Told You, 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 102:

(figuratively) An important military supply route.

Second Sino-Japanese War
The Railway Magazine


Shizuokan

Of, from, or pertaining to Shizuoka, Japan or the people of Shizuoka.


Kagoshiman

Of, from, or pertaining to Kagoshima, Japan or the people of Kagoshima.


Betsie

A diminutive of the female given name Elizabeth.


Khaldian

From Khaldi (“the chief deity of Urartu”) + -an.


Haldian

Alternative form of Khaldian (“language”)


Pancana

An Austronesian language of Buton Island, off the southeast coast of Sulawesi in Indonesia.


Ahmaud

Apparently a variant of Ahmad, from Arabic أَحْمَد (ʔaḥmad), from حَمِدَ (ḥamida, “to thank or to praise”).

A male given name from Arabic, variant of Ahmad.


regrexiteer

(UK politics) A person suffering from regrexit (a feeling of regret about Brexit taking place, or about having voted for it).


Hindish

Blend of Hindi + English. More commonly known as Hinglish.

A crossover of Hindi and English language.


Jadgali

An Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Jadgal, an ethnolinguistic group of Pakistan and Iran.


Jerrie

A diminutive of the female given names Geraldine or Geraldyn.


Geraldyn

A female given name, variant of Geraldine.


Jozy

A diminutive of the female given name Josephine.


Iranun

Ilanun (alternative)
Illanun (alternative)

A language spoken in Mindanao of the southern Philippines and western Sabah in Malaysia.


Siculo-Norman

But the finest example of the blending of the Saracenic and the Romanesque, with the rich ornamentation in mosaic carried out so effectively by the Siculo-Normans, is S. Maria dell'Ammiraglio,[…].

1869, Charles Isidore Hemans, A History of Mediaeval Christianity and Sacred Art in Italy: A.D. 900-1350, page 316:

It is an attractive hypothesis, which we accept, that these Muslim influences played on the art of Amalfi during the great age of the Republic and not merely (as some think) after the city was subdued by the Siculo-Normans.

1971, Kenneth John Conant, Henry M. Willard, “Early Examples of the Pointed Arch and Vault in Romanesque Architecture”, in Viator: Medieval and Renaissance Studies, Volume 2, University of California Press, page 205:

Thanks to the tolerant policy of both Rogers of Altavilla and both Williams, their successors, the many Muslims left on the Island could draw up their deeds in Arabic, the Greek-Byzantines in Greek, and the Siculo-Normans in Latin.

2017, Paolo Martino, “Playing with identities in the Multilingual Place-names of Medieval Sicily”, in Piera Molinelli, editor, Language and Identity in Multilingual Mediterranean Settings, Walter de Gruyter, page 224:

(historical) A Norman who settled in Sicily during or after the Norman conquest of southern Italy, or a descendant of one.


Jubran

Gebran (alternative)
Gibran (alternative)
Jobran (alternative)


Apelanta

A few months ago here in Apelanta a similar incident occurred when a lowlife
'boo jumped up and shot to death 4 of his longtime friends during an
argument over a basketball game.

2003 August 24, Work Work Work, “With negro friends like these....”, in soc.culture.african.american (Usenet):

Remember, there are quite a lot of dumb, violent negroes here in Apelanta (a
murder a day). Stay as far away from the stupid beasts as possible.

2004 February 19, Bull Connor, “Tourism in Atlanta area”, in alt.atlanta (Usenet):

30 years of living in apelanta will open the eyes of even the most staunch
NIGGERphile.

2005 November 1, I. M. White, “Re: New Orleans Police Department Fire 51 Cops for Desertion”, in uk.politics.guns (Usenet):

What a waste of a perfectly good nuke.
They should have at least taken out Detroit or Apelanta.
Either that or they should have fileld^([sic]) that underground testing space
with niggers first.

2006 October 9, abc, “Re: FLASH: North Korea Claims Test of Nuclear Weapon”, in soc.culture.african.american (Usenet):

When Somalian dunecoons learned that their blue-gummed Bantu slaves
were too stupid to be productive, they dumped the useless critters
onto the laps of Clitonista "Diversity" nitwits. These dippy shits
brought a whole tribe of the Africoon savages to Apelanta thinking
that all niggers were the same species and would blend into the local
herd.

2007 October 20, \/\/0RD@trwe.nug, “Re: Darwinism Showing Its True Face: "Black People Are Less Intelligent Than Whites" Claims One Of The World's Most Eminent Darwinists”, in talk.atheism (Usenet):

Watch out for "slippery slope" martial law. First Baltimorgue, then
Shitcago, Apelanta, Detoilet, Milwaukee, Ferguson, and Los Angeles? Where
will it stop? Probably after all the shit-colored apes have been liquidated.

2017 November 24, Byker, “Re: ANOTHER Detroit!!!”, in alt.law-enforcement (Usenet):

(derogatory, slang, ethnic slur) Atlanta, with reference to its African-American population.


Nobiin

A Nubian language spoken in Egypt and Sudan


Tamangic

A Sino-Tibetan language family of the Himalayas.


Shipibo

A Panoan language spoken in Peru and Brazil.


Halyna

From Slavic (Ukrainian Галина (Halyna), etc), from Ancient Greek; Doublet of Halina, Galina, and Galyna.

gloss

Ukrainian <i class="Cyrl mention" lang="uk">Галина</i> (Halyna), etc


Turd Reich

GOEBBELS: ‘…Gone ist zer goose-step…in comes ze new Swingen Turd Reich - Under der Linden Plattz Von-step.’.

2012, Spike Milligan, ’Rommel?’’Gunner who?’: A Confrontation in the Desert:

…and his glorious Third Reich (or as our men called it, the ‘Turd Reich’).

2014, Sidney Litherland, The Junak King: Life as a British POW, 1941-45:

In Johnny Canuck, a Nazi guard says: “Look, gentlemen of der turd reich. Ve haf captured Johnny Canuck and all his friends.”

2016, Sara Buttsworth, Maartje Abbenhuis, War, Myths, and Fairy Tales - Page 103:

(slang, derogatory, historical) The Third Reich; used to represent a stereotypical German pronunciation of the phrase, or to liken Nazis to excrement.


Standard Bengali

The current standard and literary variety of Bengali used in writing and in formal speech since the 19th century.

Sadhu Bhasha, the standard and literary variety of Bengali formerly used in writing and in formal speech.


Sylheti Bengali

The variety of Standard Bengali spoken with a Sylheti accent, influenced by the phonological features of the Sylheti, in the eastern part of Bangladesh's Sylhet Division and the Barak Valley of the Indian state of Assam.


Chittagonian Bengali

चाटगामी बांग्ला

cāṭgāmī bāṅglā


Charline

A female given name from French, equivalent to English Charlene.


Chimpcago

But wait! It wasn’t Negro violence, it was “gun violence.” Yes, steel
objects must be banned!

2015 July 7, rebcar...@gmail.com, “Blacks Kill Blacks in Chimpcago”, in soc.culture.israel (Usenet):

A 72 year old silverback spook sexually assaults a female paramedic in
a Chimpcago amberlamps.

2017 January 18, Rick Mathers, “Silverback attempts Muh-Dikking in da amberlamps!!”, in soc.culture.african-american (Usenet):

Black babies yet unborn will
scream for their share as soon as they can speak ,,, And I think we can
all imagine, the homicides in Chimpcago are not going to decrease even
with a city full of sudden democrat welfare millionaires.

2019 June 20, JeSSe, “Dems campaign on mass handouts to blacks”, in uk.current-events.terrorism (Usenet):

Since it's Chimpcago, this is to be expected. Truck drivers are also
not wanting to drive into most of these nigger-infested cities, so I
could imagine the availabilities of supplies of 'gibs me dat' will be
much lower now.

2020 August 13, KWills, “Janithor's flag”, in alt.checkmate (Usenet):

(slang, offensive, derogatory, ethnic slur) Chicago, with reference to its African-American population.


gender star

Current attempts to shorten the space devoted to accepted forms of differentiation have included the introduction of an uppercase "I" sandwiched in compound nouns addressing both males and females at once. An asterisk, known as the "gender star" has also been added to include citizens who do not consider themselves either

[2019 January 22, Jon Shelton, “City of Hanover overhauls gender language usage in official texts”, in Deutsche Welle:

For now, at least, they decided not to adopt more radical changes, such as the so-called gender star, which places an asterisk before the feminine word-ending to include females, males, and the non-binary: Schüler*innen, for example.

[2021 June 21, Nette Nöstlinger, “German news gets gender-neutral makeover”, in Politico:

An asterisk used to separate gendered inflections in the German language to make words gender-neutral.


Manillaman

Manillamen (plural)
Manilaman (alternative)


Igala

A sub-Saharan language belonging to the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo family, which is closely related to Yoruba.

(historical) A precolonial West African state, founded by the Igala people and located at the eastern region of the confluence of River Niger and River Benue in the Middle Belt or North-central of Nigeria.


Warrgamay

An extinct Pama-Nyungan language once spoken in northeast Queensland


Battle Creeker

Someone from or residing in Battle Creek, Michigan, United States.


Porteño

Coordinate term: (female) Porteña

A male inhabitant of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina.


Andreeva

Borrowed from Russian Андре́ева (Andréjeva), feminine form of Андре́ев (Andréjev).

A female surname from Russian, masculine equivalent Andreev.


GQP

Blend of GOP + QAnon.
The GOP stands for "Grand Old Party", the Republican Party of the United States of America, a conservative political party. The usage of "Q" refers to Republican politicians either supporting the QAnon conspiracy theories, or becoming closer to extremism and fascism, represented by the more militant members of the QAnon groups.

(US politics, slang, derogatory) The Republican Party, especially politicians and members who align themselves with militant extremism.


Dhurga

An endangered Pama-Nyungan language spoken in New South Wales


Garbage State

Modeled after New Jersey's official nickname, Garden State, the implication being that the state is extremely unclean.

(informal, humorous, derogatory) New Jersey (U.S. state).


Proto-Salish

The reconstructed ancestor of the Salish languages.


Tidore

A West Papuan language spoken in Indonesia.


Québécker

From Québec + -er (with a second é to fit French norms; cf. Québécois).

Gouanvic’s SF: Dix années de science-fiction québécoise (Montréal, 1988; “Autres mers, autres mondes” series) is a competent anthology of ten high-point strories. In the same year Gouanvic also published in the same series Dérives 5 (Montréal, 1988), another francophone anthology; of the five stories, which all seem to focus on the perversion of social power, those by two of the four Québéckers represented, Jean Pettigrew and Esther Rochon, are particularly fine.

1992, David Ketterer, “International Arrival of Canadian Science Fiction”, in Canadian Science Fiction and Fantasy, Bloomington, Ind., Indianapolis, Ind.: Indiana University Press, →ISBN, page 140:

I ended up in Québec. And I did think I could help. I did think English Québéckers were getting a bum deal.

2006, Barry Callaghan, Raise You Five: Essays & Encounters 1964-2004, Toronto, Ont.: McArthur & Company, →ISBN, page 138:

Or as Ouali, 20 years old, who arrived in Canada from Algeria only 11 months before we began the workshops in Saint-Michel, describes: “Arabs, Haitians, Québéckers, and South Americans play together”.

2018, Willem Salet, editor, The Routledge Handbook of Institutions and Planning in Action, Routledge:


Québecker

Irreconcilable ethnocultural claims are perhaps posed most acutely by the confrontation in claims of francophone Québeckers and First Nations people within the province of Québec.

1995, Daiva Stasiulis, Radha Jhappan, “The Fractious Politics of a Settler Society: Canada”, in Daiva Stasiulis, Nira Yuval-Davis, editors, Unsettling Settler Societies: Articulations of Gender, Race, Ethnicity and Class (Sage Series on Race and Ethnic Relations; volume 11), SAGE Publications, page 120:

Blais and Nadeau report that even as francophone Québeckers define themselves first as Québeckers, they feel some attachment to Canada.

1996, Ines C. Molinaro, “Democracy and the Reconstitution of Canada”, in Alan Ware, editor, Democracy and North America, London, Portland, Or.: Frank Cass, →ISBN, page 103:

It is no disrespect to non-Québeckers to deny them authority in a decision as to whether Québec forms an independent state. But it would be an injustice to Québeckers to give non-Québeckers authority in a decision as to Québec independence or to deny authority to Québeckers.

1997, David Copp, “Democracy and Communal Self-Determination”, in Robert McKim, Jeff McMahan, editors, The Morality of Nationalism, New York, N.Y., Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 296: