dictionary

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ-
Proto-Indo-European *déyḱti
Proto-Italic *deikō
Latin dīcō
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Italic *-tjō
Latin -tiō
Latin dictiō
Latin -ārium
Medieval Latin dictiōnāriumlbor.
Middle English dixionare
English dictionary
From Middle English dixionare, a learned borrowing from Medieval Latin dictiōnārium, from Latin dictiōnārius, from dictiō (“a speaking”), from dictus, perfect past participle of dīcō (“to speak”) + -ārium (“room, place”). By surface analysis, diction + -ary.

etymon

Look it up in the dictionary, and what do you find?

1930, Norman Lindsay, chapter 6, in Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1965, →OCLC, section I, page 106:

By 1986 the name Walkman was included as a word in the English dictionary.

2019, John Hughes, Life Pre-Intermediate Student's Book, National Geographic Learning, page 188:

(preceded by the) A synchronic dictionary of a standardised language held to only contain words that are properly part of the language.


thesaurus

en-noun

thesaurus (plural thesauri or thesauruses)

16th century, from Latin thēsaurus, from Ancient Greek θησαυρός (thēsaurós, “storehouse, treasure”); its current English usage/meaning was established soon after the publication of Peter Roget's Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases in 1852. Doublet of treasure.

der

en:dictionary or encyclopedia, archaically


Oxford

From Middle English Oxenford, Oxneford, from Old English Oxnaford (“Oxford”, literally “oxen's ford”), equivalent to ox + ford. Compare Old Norse Öxnafurða.

inh

A number of places in the United States:

A village in Furnas County and Harlan County, Nebraska.


glossary

From Middle English glosarie, from Latin glossārium, from Ancient Greek γλῶσσα (glôssa, “tongue”). Doublet of glossarium.

At the back of the book you can find the glossary.

A list of difficult words or specialized terms used in a particular book or document, or in a particular domain of knowledge, with their definitions; a list of glosses (explanatory annotations).


AHD

Initialism of American Heritage Dictionary.


clavis

From Latin clāvis (“a key”). Doublet of clave and clef.

Iron clavis, the solid web-shaped at the edges to fit the wards in the lock, and having a pointed broach and a kite-formed looped haft.

1873, “Proceedings of the Association”, in Journal of the British Archaeological Association, volume 29, April 9th, page 202:


OED

(linguistics) Initialism of Oxford English Dictionary.


DOE

Dictionary of Old English
w:Dictionary of Old English

Initialism of Dictionary of Old English.


RHD

(linguistics) Initialism of Random House Dictionary of the English Language.


MW

Merriam-Webster OnLine has a slightly more extensive definition than the AHD […]
MW (1a) and (1b) cover about the same ground as AHD (1) and (2) but divide it up a little differently; […]

2006 December 2, Brian M. Scott <b.scottcsuohio.edu>, "Re: CRIT: Untitled", message-ID <a86e8xtjh2mi.nv2vbi8kpxb0$.dlg@40tude.net>, rec.arts.sf.composition, Usenet http://groups.google.com/group/rec.arts.sf.composition/msg/bb413cfaa74b0fa4

(linguistics) Initialism of Merriam-Webster: an American publishing company known for its dictionaries


Kangxi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 康熙 (Kāngxī).

According to Kangxi, this word has two kinds of pronunciation.

1992, O. Harrassowitz, Central Asiatic Journal, volume 36, page 189:

[He wrote] Textual Criticism of Kangxi Zidian, 1827[,] in which he identified more than 2500 erroneous citations in Kangxi.

2003, Lexicography: Reference works across time, space and languages, →ISBN:

The Kangxi Dictionary, a dictionary and cross reference of Chinese characters, first published in 1716 at the behest of the Kangxi emperor, and used to the present day.


LDE

Initialism of Longman Dictionary of the English Language.


OAL

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary
w:Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

Initialism of Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary (of Current English).


DCHP

w:en:Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles

Initialism of Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles.


RHU

w:Random House Dictionary of the English Language

Initialism of Random House Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged.


Richard Snary

A pun involving the name Dick (short for Richard) and the Early Modern English pronunciation of dictionary as /ˈdɪksnæːrɪ/, /ˈdɪksnɛːrɪ/ (see dixnary, dixery).

Talke not to me of Dick snary, nor Richard-snary; I care not how little I come neare them.

1627, William Hawkins, Apollo Shroving, Composed for the Schollars of the Free-schoole of Hadleigh in Suffolke:

A country lad, having been reproved for calling persons by their Christian names, being sent by his master to borrow a dictionary, thought to show his breeding by asking for a Richard Snary.

1796, Francis Grose, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue:

I still didn’t see anything in it but the meaningless sort of humor that used to make richardsnary the thieves’ word for dictionary.

(rhyming slang, humorous, archaic) A dictionary.


Wiktionary

→ Esperanto: Vikivortaro (calque)

→ Finnish: Wikisanakirja (calque)

desc

→ Greek: Βικιλεξικό (Vikilexikó) (calque)

וִיקִימִלּוֹן

→ Hebrew: וִיקִימִלּוֹן (vikimilón) (calque)

→ Irish: Vicífhoclóir (calque)

/ˈwɪk.ʃəˌnɛə.ɹi/

Etymology tree
Proto-Polynesian *witi
Hawaiian wiki
Hawaiian wikiwikider.
English wikiblend.
Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ-
Proto-Indo-European *déyḱti
Proto-Italic *deikō
Latin dīcō
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Italic *-tjō
Latin -tiō
Latin dictiō
Latin -ārium
Medieval Latin dictiōnāriumlbor.
Middle English dixionare
English dictionaryblend.
English Wiktionary
Blend of wiki + dictionary.

etymon

The site was brought online in English on December 12, 2002; on March 29, 2004, the first non-English Wiktionaries were initiated in French and Polish. Wiktionaries in over 200 languages now exist, and more than 100 have more than 100 definitions.

2008, Phoebe Ayers, Charles Matthews, Ben Yates, “Wikimedia Commons and Other Sister Projects”, in How Wikipedia Works: And How You Can Be a Part of It, San Francisco, Calif.: No Starch Press, →ISBN, page 430:

A particular version of this dictionary project, written in a certain language, such as the English-language Wiktionary (often known simply as the English Wiktionary).

Wikiwoordeboek

the collaborative project; a particular version of this project written in a certain language

Wikizziunariu m (italianized spelling adopted for the relative project)


idioticon

en-noun

idioticon (plural idiotica or idioticons)

/ˌɪdɪˈəʊtɪk(ə)n/

LL-Q1860_(eng)-I learned some phrases-idioticon.wav

PIE word
 *swé
Borrowed from German Idiotikon, Idioticon (archaic), from Late Latin idioticon (chiefly in the titles of works), from Ancient Greek ἰδιωτικόν (idiōtikón), the neuter singular of ἰδιωτικός (idiōtikós, “pertaining to or for a person not engaged in public affairs; private; amateurish”), from ῐ̓δῐώτης (ĭdĭṓtēs, “person not engaged in public affairs; amateur, layperson; ignorant person, idiot”) + -ῐκός (-ĭkós, suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘of or pertaining to’). ῐ̓δῐώτης is derived from ῐ̓́δῐος (ĭ́dĭos, “private (as opposed to public); distinct, separate; peculiar, specific”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self (reflexive pronoun)”) + -ώτης (-ṓtēs, suffix forming nouns referring to types of persons). The English word is cognate with Dutch idioticon.
The plural form idiotica is derived from German Idiotika, Latin idiotica, and Ancient Greek ἰδιωτῐκᾰ́ (idiōtĭkắ).

der

IDIO′TICON. (Gr[eek]) A word of frequent use in Germany, signifying a dictionary confined to a particular dialect, or containing words and phrases peculiar to one part of a country.

[1842, “IDIO′TICON”, in W[illiam] T[homas] Brande, assisted by Joseph Cauvin, editors, A Dictionary of Science, Literature, & Art: […], London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, […], →OCLC, page 585, column 1:

There exist in Germany several valuable Idiotica.

1854, “Idioticon”, in Francis Lieber, assisted by E. Wigglesworth and T. G. Bradford, editors, Encyclopædia Americana. […], new edition, volume VI, Philadelphia, Pa.: Blanchard and Lea, →OCLC, page 534, column 1:

"Wische," says the Westerwald Idioticon, "expresses a quick movement connected with a whizzing or swishing sound."

1865, Hensleigh Wedgwood, “To Wipe”, in A Dictionary of English Etymology, volume III, part II, London: N[icholas] Trübner & Co., →OCLC, page 502:

This gentleman [Titus Tobler] certainly made a greater name by his work on Palestine than by that on the language of his native land; nevertheless this book marks a great advance in the scientific treatment of an Idioticon, particularly through the more accurate specification of the actual sounds and forms of the popular idiom.

1878 May 17, Henry Sweet, “VII.—Seventh Annual Address of the President, to the Philological Society, Delivered at the Anniversary Meeting, Friday, 17th May, 1878”, in Transactions of the Philological Society, volume XXIV, part II, London: Published for the [Philological] Society by Trübner & Co., […]; Strasbourg: Karl I. Trübner, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 420:

The ideal [Taco H.] de Beer had in mind, was an "idioticon", which he probably visualized as a dictionary comprising all the Netherlandic dialects. Idiotica were the first results also of Flemish dialectological activities.

1954, C[oenraad] B[ernardus] van Haeringen, “Dialectology”, in Netherlandic Language Research: Men and Works in the Study of Dutch, Leiden: E[vert] J[an] Brill, →OCLC, page 72:

[T]he Flemings, anxious that the dictionary would turn out to be too 'Hollandic', started collecting their own regional words for a general Flemish idioticon.

1992, Anton M. Hagen, “Dutch Dialectology: The National and International Perspective”, in Jan Noordegraaf, Kees Versteegh, Konrad Koerner, editors, The History of Linguistics in the Low Countries (Studies in the History of the Language Sciences; 64), Amsterdam, Philadelphia, Pa.: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, →ISSN, section 1.3 (From the 18th Century till 1876), page 332:

In Western dialectology, dialect dictionaries as a phenomenon are especially widespread in the German (and, for that matter, in the Dutch) language area, where we find a deeply rooted tradition dating back to the so-called idioticons of earlier centuries.

1998, Hendrik Boeschoten, “On Dialect Dictionaries”, in Lars Johansen et al., editors, The Mainz Meeting: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Turkish Linguistics, August 3–6, 1994 (Turcologica; 32), Wiesbaden, Hesse: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 575:

While there was a solid tradition of idioticons by that time, dialect lexicography on the other hand only developed into a more scholarly activity by the end of the century [...].

2019, Gjisbert Rutten, “The Folklorisation of Non-standard Language”, in Language Planning as Nation Building: Ideology, Policy and Implementation in the Netherlands, 1750–1850 (Advances in Historical Sociolinguistics; 9), Amsterdam, Philadelphia, Pa.: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →DOI, →ISBN, part III (Discipline Formation), page 212:

A dictionary of a specific dialect, or of the words and phrases peculiar to one part of a country.


translation dictionary

en-noun

translation dictionary (plural translation dictionaries)

Wiktionary is meant to be both an explanatory dictionary and a translation dictionary.

A multilingual dictionary assisting translation between two or more languages.

雙語詞典 /双语词典

a dictionary that assists in translating between languages


pronunciation dictionary

pronunciation dictionary (plural pronunciation dictionaries)

International Phonetic Alphabet
International Phonetic Alphabet

A dictionary that provides pronunciation of words, usually in the International Phonetic Alphabet.

uitspraakwoordeboek

dictionary that provides pronunciations of words


pronouncing dictionary

pronouncing dictionary (plural pronouncing dictionaries)

pronunciation dictionary
pronunciation dictionary#English


bilingual dictionary

bilingual dictionary (plural bilingual dictionaries)

translation dictionary
translation dictionary

A translation dictionary in two languages.


wiktionary

However, with the increase in free resources like wiktionaries, or the increase in the number of translated materials available on the Internet

2011, Zygmunt Vetulani, Human Language Technology. Challenges for Computer Science:

PanLex draws on various lexical resources, including dictionaries, wiktionaries, glossaries, lexicons, word lists, terminologies, thesauri, wordnets, ontologies, vocabulary databases, namedentity resources, and standards

2011, Nikolas Coupland, The Handbook of Language and Globalization:

This lower bound is logically determined – a wiktionary with fewer entries could never provide a full IDS list – and not meant to be realistic. We do not know how big a wiktionary has to be in order to provide, say, 75% of an IDS list, but it is likely that several thousands of entries are required for this.

2013, Lars Borin, Anju Saxena, Approaches to Measuring Linguistic Differences, page 297:

Any online lexicon resembling Wiktionary.


metadictionary

XML can also be used to create metadictionaries, or vocabularies, for databases. These metadictionaries can be used by applications that need to access other external data sources.

2008, Peter Rob, Database Systems: Design, Implementation & Management, page 788:

An online dictionary portal that allows searches on multiple lexicographical databases at once.


pocket dictionary

pocket dictionary (plural pocket dictionaries)


rime dictionary

rime dictionary (plural rime dictionaries)

rhyme dictionary
rhyme dictionary#English

Alternative spelling of rhyme dictionary.


law dictionary

law dictionary (plural law dictionaries)

A dictionary designed to give information about terms used in the world of law.


OLD

Oxford Latin Dictionary
w:Oxford Latin Dictionary

(publishing, linguistics) Initialism of Oxford Latin Dictionary.


MWU

VT was supported by MWU’s start-up funds.

2020, Dominik D. Kaltenbach, Dinesh Jaishankar, Meng Hao, Jacob C. Beer, Michael V. Volin, Umesh R. Desai, Vaibhav Tiwari, “Sulfotransferase and Heparanase: Remodeling Engines in Promoting Virus Infection and Disease Development”, in Shibashish Giri, Chandravanu Dash, editors, Epigenetic Approaches in Drug Discovery, Development and Treatment, Frontiers Media, page 35:

Add to this list my longtime friend Lori Kemper, DO, who later became an MWU dean and who also did and does mentor me still.

2021, Karen J. Nichols, Physician Leadership: The 11 Skills Every Doctor Needs to be an Effective Leader, Wiley, →ISBN, page 212:

Since 2016, she has been a full-time assistant clinical professor of Shelter Medicine at MWU, teaching multiple classes but primarily third-year electives in shelter medicine and veterinary forensics and fourth-year shelter medicine rotations.

2021, “Editors”, in Jason H. Byrd, Patricia Norris, Nancy Bradley-Siemens, editors, Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences, CRC Press:


MED

As frequent users of the MED well know, of course, the MED history of ‘misledinge’ only appears inverted if we look at dates of composition, since it is in fact manuscript date that dictates the order of quotation under any of the semantic subdivisions in any MED entry.

2001, Christopher Cannon, “The Unchangeable Word: The Dating of Manuscripts and the History of English”, in A. J. Minnis, editor, Middle English Poetry: Texts and Traditions: Essays in Honour of Derek Pearsall (York Manuscripts Conferences: Proceedings Series), York Medieval Press, →ISBN, page 2:

Make a list of the lexical (that is open-class words) in the passage, and use the OED and/or MED online to find other citations elsewhere in ME texts.

2002, Simon Horobin, Jeremy Smith, An Introduction to Middle English, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 85:

The MED evidence gives the impression that non-impersonal verbs of Pleasure/enjoyment other than lŏven cannot be strictly distinguished from the impersonal counterparts, apart from the presence or absence of impersonal use.

2015, Ayumi Miura, Middle English Verbs of Emotion and Impersonal Constructions: Verb Meaning and Syntax in Diachrony (Oxford Studies in the History of English), Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 194:

Middle English Dictionary
w:Middle English Dictionary

Initialism of Middle English Dictionary.


superdictionary

From super- (“above, over”) + dictionary.

The law is a kind of superdictionary that knows in advance what any possible combination of words and expressions means.

1998, Harriet Murav, Russia's Legal Fictions, Ann Arbor, M.I.: University of Michigan Press, →ISBN, page 104:

Mr. [Michael] Proffitt was reluctant to place the O.E.D. at the forefront of such a project. The dictionary, he said, lacks resources to transform itself this way. Instead, he advocates a federation of reference works. "The superdictionary may be, in fact, superdictionaries," he said. "What you want is some kind of search that then sends you to the right place."

2014 January 22, Tom Rachman, “O.E.D.'s New Chief Editor Speaks of Its Future”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-12-06:

[…] will anyone ever have enough time and motivation to consult them all, for the entire alphabet, and thus arrive at a truly complete superdictionary?

2019, David Crystal, “The Nature of the Lexicon”, in The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 129:

The current direction in Estonian lexicography is a unification of lexical resources (dictionaries and term bases) into a central superdictionary, the online public dictionary CombiDic.

2022 December 21, Geda Paulsen, Maria Tuulik, Ahti Lohk, Ene Vainik, “From verbal to adjectival: evaluating the lexicalization of participles in an Estonian corpus”, in Slovenščina 2.0, volume 10, number 1, Ljubljana: Ljubljana University Press, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 68:

(lexicography) An exceptionally comprehensive dictionary, which includes all other dictionaries.


Unidentified Authorizing Dictionary

the Unidentified Authorizing Dictionary (canonical)

Coined by English linguist Rosamund Moon in a 1989 paper (see first quote).

coinage

The dictionary most cited in such cases is the UAD: the Unidentified Authorizing Dictionary, usually referred to as 'the dictionary,' but very occasionally as 'my dictionary.'

1989, Rosamund Moon, “Objective or Objectionable: Ideological Aspects of Dictionaries”, in English Language Research Journal, volume 3, Birmingham, West Midlands: University of Birmingham, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 63; quoted in Words Words Words, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 2010, →ISBN, pages 5–6:

The individual lexicographer has ceded power to the team, the computerised corpus has come to stand side by side with, if not actually to replace, the readers of earlier research, but what has been termed the 'Unidentified Authorizing Dictionary' is still the court of last resort.

1996, Jonathon Green, Chasing the Sun: Dictionary-Makers and the Dictionaries They Made, London: Jonathan Cape, →ISBN, page 11:

This war ended with the death of both men and their replacement by Johnson as authors of the "Unidentified Authorising Dictionary".

1996 March 24, David Honigmann, “Abecedarians in the war of the words”, in The Independent, London: Independent Digital News & Media Ltd, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-07-07:

Have you hear^([sic]) of the Unidentified Authorizing Dictionary?

2004 June 22, Raymond S. Wise, “tarot”, in alt.english.usage (Usenet):

The reference here, certainly, is to a generic compilation, not to any specific collection. This is the 'Unidentified Authorizing Dictionary' identified by Rosamund Moon, and the purpose for which it might be consulted is decidedly utilitarian.

2018, Elizabeth Knowles, 'And I Quote...', Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 52:

(lexicography, humorous) A fictional supremely authoritative dictionary, supposed to be referenced by laypeople in discussions of "the dictionary".


Daijirin

Daijirin (canonical)
the Daijirin (canonical)

Borrowed from Japanese 大辞林(だいじりん) (Daijirin, literally “Great Forest of Words”).

ja-r

Although synonyms, tasogare and kawatare, the Daijirin informs us, took up a popular pseudodivision of labor: tasogare came to refer to the evening phenomenon and kawatare came to refer to its morning counterpart.

2000 January 17, Gerald Figal, Civilization and Monsters: Spirits of Modernity in Meiji Japan (Asia-Pacific: Culture, Politics, and Society), Duke University Press, →ISBN, page 223:

Relatively recent dictionaries such as Sanseedoo gendai kokugo jiten (first published in 1988), Daijirin (1988), and Daijisen (1995) have included usage labels and supplemental notes from their first editions.[…]Daijirin’s notes concerning usage were also eliminated from its second edition, demonstrating that some revisions represent changes for the worse.

2004 October 28, Janet S. Shibamoto Smith, Shigeko Okamoto, Japanese Language, Gender, and Ideology: Cultural Models and Real People (Studies in Language and Gender), Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 175:

More recently, websites such as Yahoo and Infoseek have begun to provide free Web dictionary services, in which major unabridged monolingual dictionaries such as Dai jirin^([sic]) (大辞林 233 000 entries) and Dai jisen^([sic]) (大辞泉 220 000 entries) can be accessed via the Web.

2005 November 24, Keith Brown, Ronald E. Asher, Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, 2nd edition, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 9676:

A comprehensive single-volume Japanese dictionary edited by Akira Matsumura and first published in 1988 by Sanseidō.