black

en-adj

black (comparative blacker or more black, superlative blackest or most black)

blacker (comparative)
more black (comparative)
blackest (superlative)
most black (superlative)

Bislama: blak

Sranan Tongo: blaka

Aukan: baaka

→ Caribbean Hindustani: blaaka

Tok Pisin: blak

Torres Strait Creole: blaik

→ Dutch: black

→ French: black

→ Greek: μπλάκης (blákis)

From Middle English blak, black, blake, from Old English blæc (“black, dark", also "ink”), from Proto-West Germanic *blak, from Proto-Germanic *blakaz (“burnt”) (compare Dutch blaken (“to burn”), Low German blak, black (“blackness, black paint, (black) ink”), Old High German blah (“black”)), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleg- (“to burn, shine”) (compare Latin flagrāre (“to burn”), Ancient Greek φλόξ (phlóx, “flame”), Sanskrit भर्ग (bharga, “radiance”)). More at bleak.

sort

of coffee or tea, without milk or other whitener

After the election, the parties united in a black-yellow alliance.

(German politics) Related to the Christian Democratic Union of Germany.

زِنْجِيّ

relating to people with dark skin — see also dark-skinned
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musta

politics: related to the Christian Democratic Union of Germany


World War I

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(history) The war from 1914 to 1918 between the Entente Powers of the British Empire, Russian Empire, France, Italy, the United States and other allied nations, against the Central Powers represented by the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.

第１次世界大戦

だいいちじせかいたいせん


World War II

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As students all over the United States knuckle down to learning, the rumble of war drums once more proclaims Mars high man in Europe. Discarding morbid curiosity, every student should consider it vitally necessary to get a general picture of the causes, movements, and possible effects of World War II. The average U. S. citizen's knowledge of World War II will probably decide his role in it.

1939 November 10, “Following The War”, in The Chart, volume I, number 1, Joplin, Missouri: Joplin Junior College, page 4, column 1:

Nothing since the beginning of World War II, a year ago last September, has boosted British morale or given them greater courage to fight on as has this brilliant Libyan campaign.

1941 March, Frederick M. Barrows, “The War in Africa”, in Command and General Staff School Military Review, volume XXI, number 80, →OCLC, page 23, column 1:

If Demandt's essay served as a strident example of the German desire for normalcy, a more subtle example was provided by a brief allohistorical depiction of a Nazi victory in World War II written by German historian Michael Salewski in 1999.

2005 May 23, Gavriel D. Rosenfeld, The World Hitler Never Made: Alternate History and the Memory of Nazism, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 182:

The tiny island of Tinian was the launch point for American planes carrying atomic bombs to Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. Now a new runway is being carved from the jungle, just south of World War II ruins inked with mildew.

2023 March 25, Damien Cave, “An Anxious Asia Arms for a War It Hopes to Prevent”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-25:

(history) The war from 1939 to 1945 of the Allied forces, including the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United States, France, and China, against the Axis Powers, including Germany, Italy, and Japan.

מִלְחֶמֶת הָעוֹלָם הַשְּׁנִיָּה \ מלחמת העולם השנייה

Great Patriotic War

primarily in a Soviet or Russian context


taler

From German Taler, (older) Thaler. Doublet of dollar.

(historical) Germanic unit of currency used between the 15th and 19th centuries.


Second Reich

The German Empire from its consolidation in 1871 until the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918.


Third Reich

Partial calque of German Drittes Reich (literally “third empire, third realm”). The first “Reich” in this reckoning is the Holy Roman Empire and the second is the German Empire. The Weimar Republic, although officially called Deutsches Reich as well, was rejected by the National Socialists and therefore not counted in.

partial calque

German Empire
Holy Roman Empire
Weimar Republic

Тре́тий рейх m (Trétij rejx) (various capitalisation is used)


Elector

In one of the conflicts, the [Holy Roman] emperor himſelf was put to flight, and very near being made priſoner by the elector of Saxony.

1788, Publius [pseudonym; James Madison], “Number XIX. The Subject [the insufficiency of the present confederation to preserve the Union] Continued, with Farther Examples.”, in The Federalist: A Collection of Essays, Written in Favour of the New Constitution, […] , volume I, New York, N.Y.: […] J. and A. M‘Lean, […], →OCLC, page 117:

[T]he seven Imperial electors who chose the [Holy Roman] emperor controlled him by the pledges exacted from him as the price of his election. These electors were the king of Bohemia, the rulers of Saxony, Brandenburg, and the Palatinate, and the "spiritual electors"—the archbishops of Cologne, Trier, and Mainz.

1961, Will Durant, Ariel Durant, “Imperial Armageddon: 1564–1648”, in The Age of Reason Begins: A History of European Civilization in the Period of Shakespeare, Bacon, Montaigne, Rembrandt, Galileo, and Descartes: 1558–1648 (The Story of Civilization; 7), New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 538:

Hanover, seat of the electors, was an attractive small town set on the River Leine. [...] The electoral court was in residence at Herrenhausen only between May and October, so that by the beginning of November 1709 the only activity was in one of the private wings where Caroline of Ansbach, wife of the elector’s heir, had chosen to give birth to her second child.

1995, Veronica P. M. Baker-Smith, “An Electoral Family”, in A Life of Anne of Hanover, Princess Royal (Publications of the Sir Thomas Browne Institute Leiden; no. 13 (New Series)), Leiden, New York, N.Y.: E[vert] J[an] Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 1:

(historical) A German prince entitled to elect the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire; a prince-elector.


Kaiser

Inherited from Middle English kayser, from Old High German keisar (“emperor”), from Proto-West Germanic *kaisar, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz. The native Old English descendant of that Proto-Germanic word was cāser (“emperor”), but the shape of Middle English kayser (“emperor”) (versus the expected *caser, *coser) suggests it was borrowed from another Germanic language rather than inherited, and the modern English spelling and sense seem to be modified after modern German rather than a direct continuation of Middle English. Compare tsar, which was borrowed from Slavic.
Doublet of Caesar and tsar.

ці́сар

particularly the Austro-Hungarian emperor

An emperor of a German-speaking country, particularly the Holy Roman Empire (962–1806), the Austrian Empire/Austria-Hungary (1806–1918), or the German Empire (1871–1918) — often specifically Wilhelm II.


Zeppelin

Borrowed from German Zeppelin. Named after Ferdinand von Zeppelin, whose surname derives from the German town name Zepelin. Doublet of cepelinas.

(aviation, by extension, informal) A rigid airship dirigible, not restricted to Germany nor the early 20th century.


krone

Austro-Hungarian Empire
Austro-Hungarian Empire

(historical) The currency of German-Austria and Liechtenstein after the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1919) until the introduction of the Austrian schilling and, in Liechtenstein, the Swiss franc.


Bundestag

/ˈbʊndəsˌtɑːɡ/

The federal/state parliament of Germany.


CDU

(German politics) Initialism of Christian Democratic Union (of Germany) (“Christlich Demokratische Union”). (a major mainstream German political party)


SPD

Social Democratic Party of Germany
w:Social Democratic Party of Germany

(German politics) Initialism of Social Democratic Party of Germany (“Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands”).


FDP

Free Democratic Party
w:en:Free Democratic Party (Germany)

(German politics) Initialism of Free Democratic Party of Germany (Freie Demokratische Partei); a German centrist classical liberal political party.


Vereinsthaler

The monetary unit of the Kingdom of Hannover from 1857 to 1866.


thaler

dollar

From German Thaler, an abbreviation of Joachimsthaler, after Sankt Joachimsthal, the German city in which some of the earliest thalers were minted in 1518. Doublet of tolar.

(historical, numismatics) A monetary unit used in a number of central and northern European countries, known locally as daalder (Netherlands), daler (Scandinavia), Taler, Thaler (Germany), etc.


Nuremberg

/ˈnjʊəɹəmbəɡ/

From German Nürnberg, from Medieval Latin Norinberga. The second element is from Berg, origins of the first element unclear.


heller

Borrowed from German Heller. Doublet of halier.

(historical) A German coin equivalent to half a pfennig, later used widely as a small coin in Central Europe and the German Empire.

heller

13th-century coin equivalent to half a pfennig


Deutsche Mark

en-noun

Deutsche Mark (plural Deutsche Marks or Deutsche Mark)

Deutsche Marks (plural)
Deutsche Mark (plural)

/ˈdɔɪt͡ʃmɑːk/

/ˈdɔɪt͡ʃmɑɹk/

-ɔɪt͡ʃmɑː(ɹ)k

(numismatics) The former currency unit of Germany (now replaced by the euro), abbreviated as DM or DEM.


ostmark

German Democratic Republic
German Democratic Republic

(historical) The currency unit of the former German Democratic Republic (aka GDR, DDR, East Germany) until 1990, abbreviated DDM.


Reichstag

Borrowed from German Reichstag (“imperial parliament”).


ostruble

(historical) A former currency of Germany and Lithuania in the 1910s and 1920s.


Berlin Wall

German Democratic Republic
German Democratic Republic#English

(history) A wall that parted the city of Berlin until 1989, constructed by the German Democratic Republic to keep East Germans from escaping to West Berlin.


Red Army Faction

(historical) A far-left terrorist organization active from 1970 to 1998, mainly in West Germany and West Berlin.


Kristallnacht

Unadapted borrowing from German Kristallnacht (“night of broken glass”, literally “crystal night”).

ubor

The Kristallnacht was a monumental development in Nazi anti-Jewish policy for several reasons. It was the single instance of large-scale, public, and organized physical violence against Jews inside Germany before the Second World War.

2009, Alan E. Steinweis, Kristallnacht 1938, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 4:

This is a very dangerous drift in our American thinking. Kristallnacht was unthinkable in 1930; is its descendant “progressive” radicalism unthinkable now?

2014 January 24, Tom Perkins, “Progressive Kristallnacht Coming?”, in Wall Street Journal, →ISSN:

Arnold Schwarzenegger issued a stinging rebuke of Donald Trump on Sunday, comparing the riot at the US Capitol which the president incited to Kristallnacht, the night in November 1938 when Nazi thugs attacked Jewish Germans and their property, a harbinger of horrors to come.

2021 January 10, Martin Pengelly, “Schwarzenegger rebukes Trump and compares Capitol riot to Kristallnacht”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(historical, Nazism) The night of November 9–10, 1938, when a state-organized night of terror was staged against Jews in Germany and Austria.


reichsmark

Unadapted borrowing from German Reichsmark.

(historical, numismatics) The monetary unit in Germany between 1924 and 1948.


Landtag

A representative assembly or parliament in German-speaking countries, with some legislative authority.


kreuzer

From German Kreuzer, from Kreuz (“cross”).

‘She bought them in the market for a kreuzer!’

1960, Gottfried Keller, translated by AM Holt, Green Henry, Calder Publications, published 2010, page 647:

(historical) A small coin of varying value formerly used in parts of Germany and Austria.

krejcar

small coin used in parts of Germany and Austria


Rhenish Palatinate

The Palatinate, the lands of the former county in modern Germany.


Alsace-Lorraine

A historical state in Germany (1871-1918)

Elzas-Lotaringiya

historical state of Germany — see also Alsace, Lorraine


Uranium Club

(historical) A German project during World War II to research nuclear technology, including nuclear weapons and nuclear reactors.


en-proper noun

the National Socialist German Workers' Party

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(historical, Nazism, German politics) Far-Right political party from Germany, commonly known as the Nazi Party

en:National Socialist German Workers' Party

ḥizb al-ʕummāl al-qawmiyy al-ištirākiyy al-ʔalmāniyy

حِزْب الْعُمَّال الْقَوْمِيّ الاِشْتِرَاكِيّ الْأَلْمَانِيّ

Parti national-socialiste des travailleurs allemands

Partido Nacional-Socialista dos Trabalhadores Alemães

Nacionál-socialistíčeskaja neméckaja rabóčaja pártija

Национа́л-социалисти́ческая неме́цкая рабо́чая па́ртия

Đảng Công nhân Đức Quốc gia Xã hội chủ nghĩa


Jamaica coalition

en-noun

Jamaica coalition (plural Jamaica coalitions)

Calque of German Jamaika-Koalition. The symbolic colors of the three parties correspond to the colors of the flag of Jamaica: black for the CDU, yellow for the FDP, and green for the Greens.

Actually, the most likely government, a so-called Jamaica coalition of chancellor Angela Merkel’s Christian Democrats with the FDP and Greens, could bring some good news for the eurozone.

2017 September 29, Guntram Wolff, “A Jamaican Germany is good for Europe”, in Financial Times:

Despite pressure on the CDU’s Armin Laschet to relinquish his claim to a place in government after the party returned its historically worst ever result, he is forging ahead in his attempts to woo both the Greens and the pro-business FDP to form a CDU-led Jamaica coalition, so-called due to yellow, black and green colours of the three parties matching those of Jamaica’s flag.

2021 October 5, Kate Connolly, “Germany’s Greens and CDU report ‘constructive’ coalition talks”, in The Guardian:

(German politics) A German governing coalition among the parties of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), Free Democratic Party (FDP), and the Greens.

Alliance 90/The Greens
Christian Democratic Union of Germany
Free Democratic Party (Germany)
flag of Jamaica


Enabling Act

As a result, on March 23, he placed before parliament a "Law to Remedy the Distress of People and the Reich" - also called the "Enabling Act."

2013 March 23, Marc von Lüpke-Schwarz, “Parliament lost”, in Deutsche Welle:

2017 May 24, “Enabling Act becomes law in Germany - archive, 1933”, in the Guardian:

When the Reichstag met on 23 March 1933 Hitler was able to secure the passing of an important law, the Enabling Act by: […]

(Can we date this quote?), “The Reichstag Election”, in BBC Bitesize:

The Law to Remedy the Distress of the People and the Reich is also known as the Enabling Act.

(Can we date this quote?), “The Enabling Act”, in United States Holocaust Memorial Museum:

(historical) the Enabling Act of 1933 passed by Weimar Republic's Reichstag, which paved the way for the Nazi's seizure of power.