aliquot

From French aliquote, from Latin aliquot.

Meronym: subaliquot

1965 December 1, Martha Smith Richmond, Analysis of Uranium Concentrates at the National Bureau of Standards, National Bureau of Standards, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-8, page 26,
Two aliquots each of 57 sample solutions and 15 solutions of NBS Standard No. 950a were assayed.

11.5.3 For each sample or sample batch (to a maximum of 20 samples) to be extracted during the same 12-hour shift, weigh two 10 g aliquots of the appropriate reference matrix (Section 7.6) into clean beakers or glass jars.

2002, Code of Federal Regulations, 40: Parts 136-149, Protection of Environment, Office of the Federal Register, page 244:

Composite samples are formed by physically mixing aliquots of individual samples. If aliquots of equal volumes are used, then the composite sample values are simply the arithmetic averages of individual sample values.

2011, Ganapati P. Patil, Sharad D. Gore, Charles Taillie, Composite Sampling, Springer, page 115:

(chemistry, biotechnology, loosely) A portion of a total amount (of some substance or a sample/specimen thereof, usually a solution or suspension).

Meronym: subaliquot

Coordinate term: aliquant (strict sense)

(chemistry, biotechnology, strictly) Such a portion that divides evenly into the total with no remainder.


aliquot

en-verb

aliquot (third-person singular simple present aliquots, present participle aliquoting or aliquotting, simple past and past participle aliquoted or aliquotted)

aliquots (present singular third-person)
aliquoting (participle present)
aliquotting (participle present)
aliquoted (participle past)
aliquoted (past)
aliquotted (participle past)
aliquotted (past)

1994, Patricia Viola Racenis, Phosphatidate Biosynthesis in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, University of Michigan, page 34,
The nuclear pellet was resuspended in homogenizing buffer (about 25 ml), aliquoted into Eppendorf tubes and stored at -80°C.

The final solution is filtered, aliquoted into 150 μL portions, and stored at –70°C.

2002, Joachim Close, “20: Preparation of Protein Samples from Mouse and Human Tissues for 2-D Electrophoresis”, in John M. Walker, editor, The Protein Protocols Handbook, Humana Press, page 144:

Serum was aliquoted into 10 mL aliquants and frozen at -20°C until use.

2006, Elizabeth Ann Dille, Establishing an in Vitro Follicle Culture System to Study the Effect of Endometriosis on Infertility, University of Wisconsin-Madison, page 105:

(chemistry, biotechnology, transitive, informal) To separate a volume of solution or suspension into aliquots.


biotechnology

en-noun

biotechnology (usually uncountable, plural biotechnologies)

Agricultural biotechnology comprises a collection of scientific techniques, including genetic engineering, that are used to modify and improve plants, animals and microorganisms for human profit. Agricultural biotechnologies are not a substitute for conventional plant and animal breeding, but can be a powerful complement to improving the efficiency and sustainability of agricultural production.

2002, Charles Spillane, Yvonne Pinto, “1: Biosafety in Agrcultural Biotechnology: Balancing Social and Environmental Impacts”, in Timothy M. Swanson, editor, The Economics of Managing Biotechnologies, page 4:

2008, Yutaka Tanaka, Attitude toward Bioethics and Acceptance of Biotechnology, William G. Flynne (editor), Biotechnology and Bioengineering, page 175,
The result of study 3 suggests that the factor of bioethics is important not only for the acceptance of biotechnologies themselves, such as gene recombination technology and clone technology, but also the acceptance of foods and products which are produced by the use of biotechnologies.

It therefore follows that we need to ensure that the conception, development, dissemination and application of biotechnologies are held to ethical democratic standars which ensure gender equality.

2008, Wendy Harcourt, “Chapter 1: Heading Blithely Down the Garden Path?: Some Entry Points into Current Debates on Women and Biotechnologies”, in Francesca Molfino, Flavia Zucco, editors, Women in Biotechnology: Creating Interfaces, page 38:

The application of the principles and practices of engineering and technology to the life sciences.


AAS

(biotechnology) Initialism of All-America Selections (an organization that promotes development of new garden seed varieties)


polony

Fluorescent in situ sequencing (FISSEQ) or beadbased polony sequencing FISSEQ involves localized amplification of single DNA molecules, using an acrylarnide gel, thus creating colonies of PCR product that are called polonies.

2008, Proceedings, National Academy of Sciences, India, page 97:

The development of polony technology is an extreme example of spatial compression; a polony array essentially consists of millions of distinguishable, immobilized, and femtoliter-scale "test tubes" filled with clonal DNA arising from individual DNA or RNA molecules via a single polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

2008, Michal Janitz, Next-Generation Genome Sequencing: Towards Personalized Medicine, page 58:

This cycle is repeated several dozen times to generate DNA sequence information for each polony.

2008, John Mendelsohn, The Molecular Basis of Cancer:

(biotechnology) A cluster of polymers produced by clonal amplification of DNA.


phytomining

/ˈfaɪtəʊˌmaɪnɪŋ/

From phyto- (prefix meaning ‘derived from or pertaining to plants’) + mining.

prefix

Cultivation of hyperaccumulators on naturally enriched areas offers the greatest promise for use in phytomining. Phytomining is a more specific form of phytoremediation where the purpose of metal removal from soil is economic gain.

2005 May, J. Scott Angle, Nicholas A. Linacre, “Cultivation on Naturally Enriched Areas”, in Ecological Risks of Novel Environmental Crop Technologies Using Phytoremediation as an Example (EPT Discussion Paper; 133), Washington, D.C.: Environment and Production Technology Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, →OCLC, page 14:

The three metals, nickel, thallium and gold were reported as candidates for phytomining in 1999 owing to the relatively high price that each metal commands on international commodity markets.

2013, Christopher W. N. Anderson, “Hyperaccumulation by Plants”, in Andrew J. Hunt, editor, Element Recovery and Sustainability (RSC Green Chemistry Series; no. 22), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: RSC Publishing, →ISBN, page 121:

Added value to the phytoextraction process could be obtained by combining the biomass produced as an energy source, resulting in an ore after incinerating the residual biomass. This would be possible in the case of phytomining, a particular example of phytoextraction. Phytomining involves the exploitation of subeconomic ore bodies using hyperaccumulating plants.

2013, Meri Barbafieri, Jan Japenga, Paul Romkens, Giannantonio Petruzzelli, Francesca Pedron, “Protocols for Applying Phytotechnologies in Metal-Contaminated Soils”, in Dharmendra Kumar Gupta, editor, Plant-Based Remediation Processes (Soil Biology), Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, New York, N.Y.: Springer, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 23:

(biotechnology) The planting and harvesting of vegetation that selectively concentrates specific metals from the environment into their tissues, for the purpose of commercial exploitation of the extracted metal.


bioengineer

(biotechnology) A biologist or engineer whose speciality is bioengineering.


bioengineer

en-verb

bioengineer (third-person singular simple present bioengineers, present participle bioengineering, simple past and past participle bioengineered)

bioengineers (present singular third-person)
bioengineering (participle present)
bioengineered (participle past)
bioengineered (past)

(transitive, biotechnology) To produce or alter (something) by bioengineering.


photoswitchable

(nanotechnology, biotechnology) Capable of being photoswitched, or switched by an optical signal.


electroporation

en-noun

electroporation (countable and uncountable, plural electroporations)

/ɪˌlɛktɹoʊpɔˈɹeɪʃən/

(biotechnology) the creation of transient pores in the cell membrane, through the application of a high-voltage electrical pulse


biosensing

All sensing and biosensing techniques developed for the determination of various classes of coronaviruses are useful to recognize the newly immerged coronavirus, i.e., SARS-CoV-2.

2021, Y. Orooji, H. Sohrabi, “An Overview on SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Other Human Coronaviruses and Their Detection Capability via Amplification Assay, Chemical Sensing, Biosensing, Immunosensing, and Clinical Assays”, in Nano-micro letters, volume 13, number 1, →DOI, →PMID:

(biotechnology) The use of nanoscale or microscale biological sensors.


bioanalytical

/baɪəʊˌænəˈlɪtɪkəl/

(biotechnology) Of or pertaining to analytical methods used in biotechnology.


bioanalytics

The field of research in biotechnology concerned with analytical techniques.


transgene

It has created a biotechnology centred on genetic engineering that has introduced transgenes, transmitted through natural interspecies crosses, which, in turn, have allowed emergence of resistant superweeds and superpests, which, in their turn, demand the application of further chemical poisons […]

2007, Will Barnes, “Climate Change and Capital”, in Mute, volume 2, number 5, →ISSN:

(genetics, biotechnology) A gene from one species introduced into the genome of another by transgenesis.


preseed

The preseed is then transferred aseptically to 20-liter seed tanks [....]

1988, Roman Saliwanchik, Protecting Biotechnology Inventions: A Guide for Scientists, page 157:

The preseed was incubated with mild agitation at 30 "C for 24 h.

1990, DE Steinmeyer, ML Shuler, “Continuous operation of a pressure-cycled membrane bioreactor”, in Biotechnology Progress:

(biotechnology) A medium specially prepared for a seeding operation.


fyborg

Any biological organism having extended functions provided by technology


GTP

GTP (countable and uncountable, plural GTPs)

gene therapy product
gene therapy product#English

(biotechnology, medical genetics, molecular biology) Initialism of gene therapy product.

medical genetics; molecular biology; medical genetics; molecular biology


electrocompetent

(biotechnology) optimized for the introduction of DNA by electroporation


vitroplant

The LGD medium appeared to be unsuitable for lilac vitroplant culture, resulting in yellow aerial parts, less than 5 mm in height.

2000, A. C. Cassells, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Methods and Markers for Quality Assurance in Micropropagation, page 214:

In order to reduce the impact of the labour that accounts for 60 to 75% in the cost price of a vitroplant, one then attends in the robotisation and the laboratories of production decided to move to the countries where the labour is cheaper.

Exact figures for world production of vitroplants are not known, but may represent more than 50 million per annum. This would mean that plant tissue culture multiplication techniques are used more frequently in banana than in any other crop.

2013, Y.P.S. Bajaj, High-Tech and Micropropagation V, →ISBN, page 120:

(biotechnology) An artificially propagated plant that is grown in vitro.


chemocompetent

(biotechnology) optimized for the introduction of DNA by treating with a salt solution


CHO

CHO (countable and uncountable, plural CHOs)

(biotechnology, uncountable) Acronym of Chinese hamster ovary. (only used attributively as an adjective)


hydroporation

From hydro- + poration, by analogy with electroporation.

(biotechnology) The creation of pores in biological membranes by the pressure of water


HCP

HCP (countable and uncountable, plural HCPs)

(biotechnology, biochemistry, countable) Initialism of host cell protein.


CHO cell

From Chinese+hamster+ovary+cell. From being epithelial cells derived from the ovaries of Chinese striped-back hamsters.

(biotechnology) A common ovary epithelial cell type used in biotechnology applications.


genetic scissors

The two scientists began collaborating in 2011, after meeting at a conference in Puerto Rico where they went to a café in San Juan and talked about the overlap in their work. They succeeded in making these genetic scissors in a laboratory, and in reprogramming them to cut DNA at whatever spot the scientists selected.

2020 October 7, Josh Fischman, “Nobel Prize in Chemistry Goes to Discovery of ‘Genetic Scissors’ Called CRISPR/Cas9”, in Scientific American, archived from the original on 2024-05-02:

As described in this review, the CRISPR/Cas system can be counted as one of the most powerful types of genetic scissors with sophisticated natures like simplicity, flexibility, and specificity. The emergence of such elegant genetic scissors opened a novel avenue; and, may keep bringing other surprising features to the field of bioanalysis and clinical treatment.

2024 January, Chengchao Zhang, Zili Huang, Ziyan Li, Jianyu Hu, Rui Liu, Yi Lv, “CRISPR-associated “genetic scissors” for multiplexing analysis”, in Trends in Analytical Chemistry, volume 170, →DOI:

(countable) Biological tools used to precisely edit the genome of organisms.