transient

en-adj

transient (comparative more transient, superlative most transient)

more transient (comparative)
most transient (superlative)

From Late Latin transiēnt- (for classical transeunt-), stem of transiēns, present participle of transire (“to go over, to pass”).

مُؤَقَّت

passing or disappearing with time; transitory

(philosophy) Operating beyond itself; having an external effect.

ενυπάρχων

operating beyond itself; having an external effect


veterinarian

From Latin veterīnārius (“cattle doctor”) + -an, from veterīnae (“beasts of burden, draught-”), probably from vehō (“to convey, draw”), or from vetus (“old”).

A medical doctor who treats non-human animals.


aureole

/ˈɔː.ɹiː.əʊl/

From Middle English aureole, from Old French aureole, from Medieval Latin aureola (corona) ("golden (crown)").

(theology) Alternative form of aureola (“increment to blessedness”)


lovely

lovely (comparative lovelier, superlative loveliest)

lovelier (comparative)
loveliest (superlative)

From Middle English lovely, luvelich, lufli, from Old English luflīċ, luflīc (“amiable, loving, lovable”), equivalent to love + -ly.

seal the title with a lovely kiss

c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:


deontic

deontic (comparative more deontic, superlative most deontic)

more deontic (comparative)
most deontic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek δέον (déon, “what is right”); compare deontology.

der

(ethics, linguistics) Pertaining to necessity, duty or obligation, or expressions conveying this.

deòntic

pertaining to necessity, duty or obligation


make love

en-verb

make love (third-person singular simple present makes love, present participle making love, simple past and past participle made love)

makes love (present singular third-person)
making love (participle present)
made love (participle past)
made love (past)

Calque of Old Occitan far amor, Middle French faire l'amour.

So from thenceforth, when loue he to her made, / VVith better tearmes ſhe did him entertaine, / VVhich gaue him hope, and did him halfe perſvvade, / That he iunb time her ioyaunce ſhould obtaine.

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto XI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 7, page 494:

[S]carcely had they passed the sweep-gate and joined the other carriage, than she found her subject cut up–her hand seized–her attention demanded, and Mr. Elton actually making violent love to her: availing himself of the precious opportunity, declaring sentiments which must already be well known, […]

1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], chapter XV, in Emma: […], volume I, London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC, page 275:

About a week afterwards she said to him, point-blank, “Are you seriously making love to your little cousin?”

1878, Henry James, chapter VIII, in The Europeans, Macmillan and Co.:

After all, the chief charm is in the fact of being made love to. You are making love to me, aren't you?

1910, Saki [pseudonym; Hector Hugh Munro], “The Baker’s Dozen”, in Reginald in Russia and Other Sketches, London: Methuen & Co. […], →OCLC, page 107:

The first stage we tackled was just about as rickety as it could very well be and I had to sit with the driver, who was a Mormon and so handsome that I was not a bit offended when he insisted on making love all the way, especially after he told me that he was a widower Mormon.

1914, Elinore Pruitt Stewart, Letters of a Woman Homesteader, Houghton Mifflin Company, pages 3–4:

‘Ever since I was sixteen men have been making love to me.’

1941, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, Up at the Villa, Vintage, published 2004, page 24:

He's making violent love to me, Mother.

1946, It's a Wonderful Life, spoken by Mary Hatch (Donna Reed):

1953, C.S.Lewis, The Silver Chair, page 107:

(archaic) To make amorous approaches (to); to woo, romance, court.


norm

From Latin norma (“a carpenter's square, a rule, a pattern, a precept”). Doublet of norma.

norm

math: function that maps vectors to non-negative reals

(philosophy, computer science) A sentence with non-descriptive meaning, such as a command, permission, or prohibition.


kinetic

From Ancient Greek κινητικός (kinētikós, “puts in motion”), from κινέω (kinéō, “I move, put in motion”).

der

(philosophy) Relating to the force driving life forward.


paradox

en-noun

paradox (countable and uncountable, plural paradoxes)

From Middle French paradoxe, from Latin paradoxum, from Ancient Greek παράδοξος (parádoxos, “unexpected, strange”).

paradoks

apparent contradiction which is nonetheless true

He is a paradox; you would not expect him in that political party.

You are a paradox of bitch and angel.

1999, Virginia Henley, A Year and a Day, →ISBN, page 315:

A person or thing having contradictory properties.

矛盾的人

person or thing with contradictory properties

Thus, like modern disputants, they aimed either to confute the respondent or to land him in paradox.

1866, Edward Poste, Aristotle on Fallacies, Or, The Sophistici Elenchi, translation of original by Aristotle, page 43:

(uncountable, philosophy) A state in which one is logically compelled to contradict oneself.


counterfactual

(linguistics, philosophy) A conditional statement in which the conditional clause is false.


philosopher

/fəˈlɑsəfəɹ/

Cicero
Diogenes Laertius
Heraclides Ponticus
Iamblichus
Pythagoras
Tusculan Disputations
Walter Burkert

From Middle English philosophre, from Anglo-Norman or Middle French philosophe, from Latin philosophus, from Ancient Greek φιλόσοφος (philósophos, literally “lover of wisdom”) + -er.
Credited as having been coined by Pythagoras to describe himself.
Displaced native Old English ūþwita.

der

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class IV § 492. Scholar

Appendix:Moby Thesaurus II/62 § philosopher


perspicuous

en-adj

perspicuous (comparative more perspicuous, superlative most perspicuous)

more perspicuous (comparative)
most perspicuous (superlative)

From Latin perspicuus, in turn from perspiciō (“see through”).

(logic) (Of a language or notation) the process of inference from premises to conclusion is explicitly laid out.


a posteriori

a posteriori (comparative more a posteriori, superlative most a posteriori)

more a posteriori (comparative)
most a posteriori (superlative)

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin ā posteriōrī (“involving reasoning from effect to cause, from experience to theory”, literally “from what follows”). Popularized from the 19th century in reference to the work of Immanuel Kant.

learned borrowing

What Locke calls "knowledge" they have called "a priori knowledge"; what he calls "opinion" or "belief" they have called "a posteriori" or "empirical knowledge".

1988, R. S. Woolhouse, The empiricists, Oxford University Press:

inductive[Appendix:Glossary#broadly|broadly]] synonymous outside of philosophic arcanity>

empirical

involving induction of theories from facts

(logic) Involving induction of theories from facts.

апастэрыёрны

involving deduction of theories from facts


a posteriori

FALLACIES of the modern worldview have to do with the conception of the world as substance or machinery, mistaking abstractions for reality, confusing origins and truth, failing to attribute feeling to things that feel, recognising ethics as exclusively anthropocentric, thinking a posteriori, objectifying facts as separated from values, reducing the complex to the simple and dividing knowledge into distinct disciplines that produce experts who are often wrong.

inductively[Appendix:Glossary#broadly|broadly]] synonymous outside of philosophic arcanity>

(logic) In a manner that deduces theories from facts.

البعديَة

in a manner that deduces theories from facts


abductive

(logic, computing) Being or relating to a logical process of abduction or inference.


seduce

en-verb

seduce (third-person singular simple present seduces, present participle seducing, simple past and past participle seduced)

seduces (present singular third-person)
seducing (participle present)
seduced (participle past)
seduced (past)

Borrowed from Latin sēdūcō (“to lead apart or astray”), from sē- (“aside, away, astray”) + dūcō (“to lead”); see duct. Compare adduce, conduce, deduce, etc. and Middle English seduct.

bor

He was seduced by the bright lights and glamour of the city.


valentine

From Saint Valentine's Day (“day of celebration of romantic love”).

Such an extravagant valentine was unexpected.

An expression of affection, especially romantic affection, usually in the form of greeting card, gift, or message given the object of one's affection, especially on February 14th.

валенти́нка

an expression of affection, especially romantic

valentine

old word; used only for cards or envelopes


egoism

en-noun

egoism (countable and uncountable, plural egoisms)

altruism

antonym(s) of “tendency to think of self”

From French égoïsme, from New Latin egoismus, from Latin ego. By surface analysis, ego + -ism.

(ethics) The belief that moral behavior should be directed toward one's self-interest only.


ingress

en-verb

ingress (third-person singular simple present ingresses, present participle ingressing, simple past and past participle ingressed)

ingresses (present singular third-person)
ingressing (participle present)
ingressed (participle past)
ingressed (past)

From Latin ingressus, from the verb ingredior.

(Whiteheadian metaphysics) To manifest or cause to be manifested in the temporal world; to effect ingression


alterity

en-noun

alterity (countable and uncountable, plural alterities)

Nominal declensions, verbal case endings, gerundival constructions, in short, the full range of grammatical alterations—for which Sanskrit has a particular genius and meticulous order—announce language itself as a field of alterity.

2014, Dan Lusthaus, Buddhist Phenomenology, →ISBN:

(philosophy, anthropology) Otherness; the entity in contrast to which an identity is constructed.


Cupid

From Latin Cupīdō, personification of cupīdō (“desire, desire of love”), from cupidus (“eager, greedy, passionate”), from cupere (“to desire”).

The myth of Cupid and Psyche was one of the most influential romances in European culture.

(Roman mythology) The god of love, son of Venus; sometimes depicted as a putto (a naked, winged boy with bow and arrow). The Roman counterpart of Eros.

He was just walking down the street minding his own business when Cupid struck.

(poetic) Sudden love or desire; the personification of falling in love.

Cupid is so small and far away that it can only be seen with the Hubble Space Telescope.


philology

philology (countable and uncountable, plural philologies)

Inherited from Middle English philologie, from Latin philologia, from Ancient Greek φιλολογίᾱ (philologíā, “love of argument or reasoning, love of learning and literature”).

der

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class IV § 560. Language

a. 1662, Thomas Fuller, The History of the Worthies of England https://archive.org/details/historyofworthie01full
Indeed philology properly is terse and polite learning...; being that florid skill containing only the roses of learning, without the prickles thereof, in which narrow sense thorny philosophy is discharged, as no part of philology. But we take it in the larger notion, as inclusive of all human liberal studies...

(philosophy) Love and study of learning and literature, broadly speaking.


deicide

en-noun

deicide (countable and uncountable, plural deicides)

(Christianity, theology) The crucifixion of Jesus, viewed as a crime.


modification

modification (countable and uncountable, plural modifications)

/ˌmɑdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

/ˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

Borrowed from Middle French modification, from Latin modificātiō (“a measuring”), from modificāre (“to limit, control, modify”); see modify.

Pleasure is the business of woman's life, according to the present modification of society […]

1791 (date written), Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: With Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], published 1792, →OCLC:

(obsolete, philosophy) The form of existence belonging to a particular object, entity etc.; a mode of being.


speculation

speculation (countable and uncountable, plural speculations)

Etymology tree
Middle English speculation
English speculation
From Middle English speculacioun, speculation, from Old French speculation (compare French spéculation), from Late Latin speculātiō, speculātiōnem, from Latin speculor.
Morphologically speculate + -ion

etymon

Creating a work with the hope of selling it

(philosophy) The act or process of reasoning a priori from premises given or assumed.

päättely

philosophy: act or process of reasoning from premises given or assumed


Bible basher

Coordinate term: Koran basher (“fundamentalist Muslim”)

I don't ever go to my local church any more: it's become filled with stupid, fuddy-duddy Bible bashers.

I was a real Bible basher. I used to rush round asking people if they were saved.

1969, April Hersey, Hooked on God : the Wayside Chapel experiment, Melbourne: Sun Books, →LCCN, LCC BV2656.S9 W35, page 106:

There is a skinny old bible basher who is always out gathering souls, regardless of the weather.

2008, Ian Commins, Fiveways, Queensland: University of Queensland Press, →ISBN, page 73:

(derogatory) A fundamentalist Christian preacher, or other fervent Christian, who is seen to take every opportunity to talk about Christianity and attempt to convert those around them.

I'm no bible-basher looking to discredit everything I hear, but there is one point that might be interesting to argue...If the bible is the Word of God, which version or language is the official Word, as the meanings change subtley^([sic]) from one to another?

2002, Everett Hickey, “Biblical”, in alt.astronomy (Usenet):

There *are* no "Biblical contradictions". Years ago, I...addressed many, many, many alleged "contradictions". It's a very sad state of affairs, most Bible bashers who claim "contradictions" prefer quantity over quality, and no matter how many *ridiculous* claims they came up with and I demolished, they would continue with others...

2003, Jeff Shirton, “Conference...”, in alt.religion.mormon (Usenet):

2006, veralein, How to protect yourself against false Christian teachers in alt.christnet.christianlife http://groups.google.com/group/alt.christnet.christianlife/browse_thread/thread/80f36af2e40d135a/15e69f2a5f0959de?lnk=st&q=%22bible+basher%22+against+-deicide&rnum=6&hl=en#15e69f2a5f0959de
I think you are just a Bible basher for what reasons ever. Maybe you are just an atheist who has pleasure in trolling Christians and recruiting them.

A person who finds fault with the Bible, Christianity, or Christian teaching.


ki

From dated romanizations of Mandarin 氣／气 (qì) without the k-q merger, or from Japanese 気 (ki), both ultimately from the same Middle Chinese origin.

If you are calm and relaxed it will be easier for you to accept and use his ki, helping him to reach his goal. In other words, you will redirect his ki or enhance it with your own to bring your attacker down in the direction he was directing his ki.

1983, George A. Kirby, Jujitsu: Basic Techniques of the Gentle Art, page 19:


conclusion

en-noun

conclusion (countable and uncountable, plural conclusions)

From Middle English, borrowed from Old French conclusion, from Latin conclūsiō, from the past participle stem of conclūdere (“to conclude”), from con- + claudō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u- (“key, hook, nail”). By surface analysis, conclude + -sion.

der

He granted him both the major and minor, but denied him the conclusion.

1716 April 20 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Addison, “The Free-holder: No. 32. Monday, April 9. [1716.]”, in The Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq; […], volume IV, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], published 1721, →OCLC:

(logic) In an argument or syllogism, the proposition that follows as a necessary consequence of the premises.


allo

en-adj

allo (comparative more allo, superlative most allo)

more allo (comparative)
most allo (superlative)

Asking a person to work on themself to have more sex seems natural and intuitive, but imagine asking the allo partner to be celibate.

2020, Angela Chen, Ace: What Asexuality Reveals About Desire, Society, and the Meaning of Sex, page 83:

However, being aro adds another layer of urgency. As we get older, a lot of our monogamous allo friends will find their life partner, get married, and have kids.

2021, Izzy, "Live While We're Young: Aromantic Frienships, Youth and Futures", CAMP Magazine (University of Melbourne), Volume 4 (2021), page 20

I would say that it'd help so much if the ace characters would be explicitly acknowledged by the creators, but this doesn't always fix things. In the case of Jughead Jones, his asexuality and aromanticism were explicitly stated, but that didn't stop people from completely disregarding it, to the point where most fanart and fanfiction of him makes him allo.

2021, anonymous, quoted in "Questions Of The Month", AVENues Newsletters, July-September 2021, pages 14-15

(informal) Allosexual and/or alloromantic; experiencing sexual and/or romantic attraction.


allo

Allos might feel infatuated with a new acquaintance or be more attached to their best friend than to any romantic partner, yet they can deny the possibility of romantic feeling because of the lack of sexual attraction. Allos can wave their hand and say, "There are people I want to sleep with, and I don't want to sleep with you, so it's only platonic."

2020, Angela Chen, Ace: What Asexuality Reveals About Desire, Society, and the Meaning of Sex, page 108:

Then maybe asexuals wouldn't face negative responses ("You're a late bloomer" or You haven't met the right person" etc.) when they come out to allos.

2021, "Will", quoted in "Member Highlight: Multi-Member Question And Answer", AVENues Newsletter, January-March 2021, page 19

Part of why I’m writing this essay is to tell allos we exist, to make them aware of our struggle and our pain.

2021, Adam Key, "The Silent A: A Critical Soundtrack of Asexuality", Journal of Autoethnography, Volume 2, Issue 4, Fall 2021

(informal) One who is allosexual and/or alloromantic.


correspondence

en-noun

correspondence (countable and uncountable, plural correspondences)

From Middle English correspondence, from Latin correspondentia. By surface analysis, correspond + -ence.

Congruity or similarity between different things, people, etc:

(theology, Swedenborgianism) A similarity between physical and spiritual things (e.g. light to wisdom, or warmth to love)


humanism

humanism (usually uncountable, plural humanisms)

From human + -ism, borrowed from German Humanismus, coined by Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer in 1808.

An ethical system that centers on humans and their values, needs, interests, abilities, dignity and freedom; especially used for a secular one which rejects theistic religion and superstition.


particular

en-adj

particular (comparative more particular, superlative most particular)

more particular (comparative)
most particular (superlative)
non-comparable (also)

From Middle English particuler, from Anglo-Norman particuler, Middle French particuler, particulier, from Late Latin particularis (“partial; separate, individual”), from Latin particula (“(small) part”). Equivalent to particle + -ar. Compare particle.

подробен

concerned with, or attentive to, details; minute; precise; fastidious

a particular proposition, opposed to "universal", e.g. (particular affirmative) "Some men are wise"; (particular negative) "Some men are not wise".

(logic) Forming a part of a genus; relatively limited in extension; affirmed or denied of a part of a subject.


particular

When we examine common words, we find that, broadly speaking, proper names stand for particulars, while other substantives, adjectives, prepositions, and verbs stand for universals.

1912, Bertrand Russel, The Problems of Philosophy, Chapter 9:

(now philosophy, chiefly in plural) A particular case; an individual thing as opposed to a whole class. (Opposed to generals, universals.)

partikulaari

philosophy: individual thing as opposed to a whole class


trilemma

The word is modelled on dilemma, with di- (“two, twice, double”) replaced by tri- (“three”).

It has been remarked as a characteristic of the late Sir Robert Peel, that in introducing his measures to the House of Commons, he often used the trilemma. "Three courses are before us—to go backward, to stand still, to go forward. We cannot go backward; we cannot stand still; we must, then, go forward."

1851, [James William Gilbart], Logic for the Million: A Familiar Exposition of the Art of Reasoning, London: Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, →OCLC, part IV (The Points of Reasoning), section V (Reasoning by Compound Syllogism), subsection III (The Trilemma), page 324:

And in anticipation of it, while he [Johann Joseph Ignaz von Döllinger] declares at one moment that it would be profane to limit Divine Providence to an alternative, he affirms in the next that there can be no harm whatever in shutting it up to a supposed exhaustive trilemma.

1862 July 1, “Art. VII.—(1.) Kirche und Kirchen, Papstthum und Kirchenstaat. Historisch-politische Bertrachtungen von Joh. Jos. Ign. v. Döllinger. Zweiter unveränderter Abdruck. München: 1861. (2.) The Church and the Churches; or, The Papacy and The Temporal Power. An Historical and Political Review. By Dr. Döllinger. Translated by William Bernard MacCabe. London: 1862.”, in The British Quarterly Review, volume XXXVI, number LXXI, London: Jackson, Walford, & Hodder 18, St. Paul's Churchyard and Simpkin, Marshall and Co., Stationers' Hall Court; Edinburgh: W. Oliphant & Co.; Glasgow: J[ames] MacLehose; Dublin: J. Robertson, →OCLC, page 156:

universe of discourse
universe of discourse

(logic) An argument containing three alternatives, jointly exhaustive either under any condition(s) or under all condition(s) consistent with the universe of discourse of that argument, that each imply the same conclusion.

trilema

(logic) argument containing three alternatives


nowhen

From no + when, by analogy with nowhere. See quotation from 1996.

I want to show that if we want to understand the asymmetry of time then we need to be able to understand, and quarantine, the various ways in which our patterns of thought reflect the peculiarities of our own temporal perspective. We need to acquaint ourselves with what might aptly be called the view from nowhen.

1996, Huw Price, Time's Arrow and Archimedes' Point, Oxford University Press:

(philosophy) A point from which one has an unrestricted perspective in time.


miscreant

en-adj

miscreant (comparative more miscreant, superlative most miscreant)

more miscreant (comparative)
most miscreant (superlative)

From Middle English myscreaunt, miscreaunt, from Old French mescreant (1080) "mis-believer", present participle of mescreire "to misbelieve" (modern mécroire).

(theology) Holding an incorrect religious belief.


miscreant

Now wil the Chriſtian miſcreants be glad,
Ringing with ioy their ſuperſtitious belles:
And making bonfires for my ouerthrow.
But ere I die thoſe foule Idolaters
Shall make me bonfires with their filthy bones, […]

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene iii:

Arise thou cursed Miscreaunt,
That hast with knightlesse guile and trecherous train
Faire knighthood fowly shamed

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto IV”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 41:

Before thine eyes, thou mild and blessed one, said he, half aloud, are these miscreants daring to hold their market, and trafficking in their hellish drugs

1825, Thomas De Quincey, “The Love-charm”, in Quarterly Magazine, Knight:

(theology) One who holds a false religious belief; a misbeliever.

فَاسِق

one who holds a false religious belief; an unbeliever


proposition

en-noun

proposition (countable and uncountable, plural propositions)

/ˌpɹɑpəˈzɪʃən/

From Middle English proposicioun, from Old French proposicion, from Latin prōpositiō, from the verb prōponō.

väite

math: assertion which can be considered true or false

“Wiktionary is a good dictionary” is a proposition.

(countable, logic) The content of an assertion that may be taken as being true or false and is considered abstractly without reference to the linguistic sentence that constitutes the assertion; (Aristotelian logic) a predicate of a subject that is denied or affirmed and connected by a copula.

قَضِيَّة

the abstract contents of a statement, without reference to its formulation


dilemma

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
First attested 1523, from Late Latin dilemma, from Ancient Greek δίλημμα (dílēmma, “ambiguous proposition”), from δι- (di-, “having two of”) + λῆμμα (lêmma, “premise, proposition”).

der

damned if one does and damned if one doesn't

(logic) A type of syllogism of the form "if A is true then B is true; if C is true then D is true; either A or C is true; therefore either B or D is true".


essence

en-noun

essence (countable and uncountable, plural essences)

From French essence, from Latin essentia (“the being or essence of a thing”), from an artificial formation of esse (“to be”), to translate Ancient Greek οὐσία (ousía, “being”), from ὤν (ṓn), present participle of εἰμί (eimí, “I am, exist”).

der

(philosophy) The true nature of anything, not accidental or illusory.


allotrope

Back-formation from allotropy, as allo- + -trope, from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”), and τρόπος (trópos, “way, manner”).

(philosophy) An alternative shape of a cognitive structure.


judgment

en-noun

judgment (countable and uncountable, plural judgments)

From Middle English juggement, borrowed from Old French jugement, from Late Latin iūdicāmentum, from Latin iūdicō. Displaced native doom.
Morphologically judge + -ment

(theology) The final award; the last sentence.

oordeel

(theology) final award; the last sentence


nominal

→ Afrikaans: nominaal

From the Middle English nominalle (“of nouns”), borrowed from Latin nōminālis (“of names”), from nōmen (“name”).

(philosophy) Of or relating to nominalism.


validity

validity (countable and uncountable, plural validities)

From valid + -ity, borrowed from Middle French validité, from Late Latin validitas.

(Christianity, theology) The genuinity, as distinguished from the efficacity or the regularity, of a sacrament as a result of some formal dispositions being fulfilled.


cloak-and-dagger

Calque of French de cape et d’épée (“of the cloak and the sword”); first attested 1840. The French term referred to a genre of drama in which the main characters wore cloaks and had swords. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow used the “cloak and sword” term in 1840, whereas Charles Dickens preferred “cloak and dagger” a year later.

cal

Israel wages cloak-and-dagger war on Iran [headline]

2009 February 18, Philip Sherwell, Dina Kraft, “Israel wages cloak-and-dagger war on Iran”, in The Age:

Marked by menacing furtive secrecy, often with a melodramatic tint or espionage involved.

Charles Dickens
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow


macrophilia

"This guy's into microphilia — or is it macrophilia? He gets off on being made to feel that he's really small."
"You're joking," I replied.
"No, I'm not."
"And I thought my fantasies about gladiators were kinky."

2006, David Stukas, Biceps Of Death, page 14:

The giantess fetish, whether it's macrophilia or microphilia, is a pretty unique one. What y'all want is to be made to feel tiny by a bigger, stronger, superior woman.

2010, Diamond, “Black BBW Goddess Fulfills All Your Giantess Fetish Fantasies”, in alt.sex.telephone.alt (Usenet):

(paraphilia) A paraphilia involving sexual attraction to giants.


problematic

en-adj

problematic (comparative more problematic, superlative most problematic)

more problematic (comparative)
most problematic (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French problématique, from Late Latin problematicus, from Ancient Greek προβληματικός (problēmatikós), from πρόβλημα (próblēma, “outjutting, barrier, problem”), from προβάλλω (probállō, “I throw, place before”), from πρό (pró, “before”) + βάλλω (bállō, “I throw, place”). By surface analysis, problem + -atic.

der

προβληματικός

(logic, dated) Only affirming the possibility that a predicate be actualised.


quale

I was more like a vegetable than a person—with my consciousness only a shadow of self-awareness, only a dim sense of qualia penetrated my mental haze.

2011, Steven L. Peck, A Short Stay in Hell:

(philosophy) An instance of subjective, conscious experience.


surveillance

en-noun

surveillance (countable and uncountable, plural surveillances)

Unadapted borrowing from French surveillance (“a watching over, overseeing, supervision”), from surveiller (“to watch, oversee”), from sur- (“over”) + veiller (“to watch”), from Middle French, from Old French veillier (“to stay awake”), from Latin vigilāre, present active infinitive of vigilō (“I am watchful”). More at vigilant.

ubor

The threat of terrorism to the British lies in the overreaction to it of British governments. Each one in turn clicks up the ratchet of surveillance, intrusion and security. Each one diminishes liberty.

2012 December 14, Simon Jenkins, “We mustn't overreact to North Korea boys' toys”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 2, page 23:

Cook was making an impassioned plea to end the technology industry’s collection and sale of user data. “This is surveillance,” he continued.

2019 January 31, Ian Bogost, quoting Tim Cook, “Apple’s Empty Grandstanding About Privacy”, in The Atlantic:

(military, espionage) Systematic observation of places and people by visual, aural, electronic, photographic or other means.


undercover

en-adj

undercover (comparative more undercover, superlative most undercover)

more undercover (comparative)
most undercover (superlative)

Employed or engaged in spying or secret investigation.


apophasis

en-noun

apophasis (countable and uncountable, plural apophases)

Via Late Latin apophasis from Ancient Greek ἀπόφασις (apóphasis, “denial, negation”) from ἀπο- (apo-, “away, from, off”) + φάσις (phásis, “statement, proposition”) from φημί (phēmí, “to speak”) from Proto-Hellenic *pʰā́mā from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂; whence Latin fārī, cognate to fame, fable.

af

(Christianity, philosophy, theology) A process of arriving at knowledge by statements of denial; particularly, developing a concept of God through negative assertions about his nature.


phantasm

A learned variant of phantom; from Middle English fantosme, from Old French fantosme, fantasme, from Latin phantasma, from Ancient Greek φάντασμα (phántasma). Doublet of phantom.

But night comes in with a more genial spirit: we have done our worst and our bitterest; and we need a small space to indulge any little bit of cordiality that may be left in us. A thousand gay phantasms float in on the sunny south, which has left the far-off vineyards of its birth.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Success”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 75:

He declares that there seems to be no justification for regarding the phantasms of dreams as pure hallucinations; most dream-images are probably in fact illusions, since they arise from faint sense-impressions, which never cease during sleep.

1900, Sigmund Freud, translated by James Strachey, The Interpretation of Dreams: Avon Books, page 74:

Something seen but having no physical reality; a phantom or apparition.

When abstracted from the phantasm by the intellectus agens the species effects a modification in the intellectus possibilis which modification is called the species intelligibilis impressa. Actualized by the species impressa the intellectus […]

1932, Sr. Mary Anastasia Coady, The Phantasm According to the Teaching of St. Thomas:

Again, in a sense, the act of understanding as an insight into phantasm is knowledge of form: but the form so known does not correspond to the philosophic concept of form; “insight is to phantasm as form is to matter; […]”

1988, Bernard J. F. Lonergan, Frederick E. Crowe, Verbum: Word and Idea in Aquinas, University of Toronto Press, →ISBN, page 38:

[…] schematic way the essential characteristics of the phantasm in Derrida so that we can then see how Derrida's analysis of the phantasm of the mother (or of maternity) at once contributes to and displaces this configuration.

2013 April 15, Andrew J. Mitchell, Sam Slote, Derrida and Joyce: Texts and Contexts, SUNY Press, →ISBN, page 166:

(philosophy) An impression as received by the senses, especially an image, often prior to any interpretation by the intellect.


impute

en-verb

impute (third-person singular simple present imputes, present participle imputing, simple past and past participle imputed)

imputes (present singular third-person)
imputing (participle present)
imputed (participle past)
imputed (past)

Borrowed from Middle French imputer, from Latin imputō (“to bring into the reckoning, charge, impute”).

der

To use the technical language of theologians, God through his grace "imputes" the merits of the crucified and risen Christ to a fallen human being who remains without inherent merit, and who without this "imputation" would not be "made" righteous at all.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin (2010), page 607:

(transitive, theology) To ascribe (sin or righteousness) to someone by substitution.


ethos

ethe (plural)
ethea (plural)
ethoses (plural)

From Ancient Greek ἦθος (êthos, “character; custom, habit”). Cognate to Sanskrit स्वधा (svádhā, “habit, custom”).

cog

To slip past censors, Chinese bloggers have become masters of comic subterfuge, cloaking their messages in protective layers of irony and satire. This is not a new concept, but it has erupted so powerfully that it now defines the ethos of the Internet in China.

2011 October 26, Brook Larmer, “Where an Internet Joke Is Not Just a Joke”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

As we saw with Housing Problems, this 'telling one's own story' is an ethos Edgar Anstey would have applauded, and it was an ethos that has fed into Network Rail's work during the COVID-19 pandemic. Green explains: "COVID has produced huge challenges for us, but it showed there is such a need for film-making at a time like this."

2021 March 10, Greg Morse, “Telling the railway's story on film”, in RAIL, number 926, page 49:

The character or fundamental values of a person, people, culture, or movement.

ethos

character or fundamental values of a people

(rhetoric) A form of rhetoric in which the writer or speaker invokes their authority, competence or expertise in an attempt to persuade others that their view is correct.

(art) The traits in a work of art which express the ideal or typic character, as influenced by the ethos (character or fundamental values) of a people, rather than emotional situations or individual character traits in a narrow sense; opposed to pathos.


praxis

en-noun

praxis (countable and uncountable, plural praxes or praxises)

Partly from Latin prāxis and partly from its etymon Ancient Greek πρᾶξις (prâxis, “action, activity, practice”).

bor

(philosophy) The synthesis of theory and practice, without presuming the primacy of either.

praksis

philosophy: synthesis of theory and practice


realism

en-noun

realism (countable and uncountable, plural realisms)

nominalism

antonym(s) of “doctrine concerning universals”

(philosophy) A doctrine that universals are real: they exist and are distinct from the particulars that instantiate them.


erotic

en-adj

erotic (comparative more erotic, superlative most erotic)

more erotic (comparative)
most erotic (superlative)

From French érotique, from Ancient Greek ἐρωτικός (erōtikós, “related to love”), from ἔρως (érōs, “sexual love”).

der

erotic entertainment and services

I had an erotic dream last night.

There's a local cinema that only shows erotic movies.

Relating to or tending to arouse sexual desire or excitement.


surrealism

en-noun

surrealism (countable and uncountable, plural surrealisms)

From French surréalisme. By surface analysis, sur- + realism and/or surreal + -ism.

An artistic movement and an aesthetic philosophy that aims for the liberation of the mind by emphasizing the critical and imaginative powers of the subconscious.

սյուրռեալիզմ

artistic movement and aesthetic philosophy


phantom

From Middle English fantome, fanteme, from Old French fantosme, fantasme, from Latin phantasma (“an apparition, specter; (in Late Latin also) appearance, image”), from Ancient Greek φάντασμα (phántasma, “phantasm, an appearance, image, apparition, specter”), from φαντάζω (phantázō, “I make visible”). Doublet of phantasm.


dogma

en-noun

dogma (countable and uncountable, plural dogmas or dogmata)

From Latin dogma (“philosophical tenet”), from Ancient Greek δόγμα (dógma, “opinion, tenet”), from δοκέω (dokéō, “I seem good, think”). Treated in the 17c. -18c. as Greek, with plural dogmata. Compare also decent.

der

An authoritative principle, belief or statement of opinion, especially one considered to be absolutely true and indisputable, regardless of evidence or without evidence to support it.


apodeictic

From Ancient Greek ἀποδεικτικός (apodeiktikós). Compare Latin apodicticus.

uder

ἀποδεικτικός

1855, John Miller Dow Meiklejohn (translator), 1787, Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, 2nd Edition,
Thus, moreover, the principles of geometry- for example, that "in a triangle, two sides together are greater than the third," are never deduced from general conceptions of line and triangle, but from intuition, and this a priori, with apodeictic certainty.

Aristotle does, indeed, distinguish between (1) Logic, or Analytic, as the theory or method of arriving at true or apodeictic conclusions; and (2) Dialectic as the method of arriving at conclusions that are accepted or pass current[ly] as true,...

1896, Arthur Schopenhauer, translated by Thomas Bailey Saunders, The Art of Controversy, published 1831:

Descartes sought certainty in the existence of God grounded in apodeictic demonstrations.

2009, Jonathan Dancy, Ernest Sosa, Matthias Steup, A Companion to Epistemology:

(logic) Of the characteristic feature of a proposition that is necessary (or impossible): perfectly certain (or inconceivable) or incontrovertibly true (or false); self-evident.


spook

Borrowed from Dutch spook (“ghost”), from Middle Dutch spooc (“spook, ghost”). Cognate with Middle Low German spôk, spûk (“apparition, ghost”), Middle High German gespük (“a haunting”), German Spuk, Danish spøge (“to haunt”), Swedish spöke (“ghost”). Doublet of puck.

cog

From Ian Fleming to John Le Carre - authors have long been fascinated by the world of espionage. But, asks the BBC’s Gordon Corera, what do real life spooks make of fictional spies?

2009 July 24, “Spies like them”, in BBC News Magazine:

The congressional study frets that Huawei’s and ZTE’s products could be used as Trojan horses by Chinese spooks.

2012 October 13, “Huawei and ZTE: Put on hold”, in The Economist:

(espionage, slang) An undercover agent or spy.

He who is infatuated with Man leaves persons out of account so far as that infatuation extends, and floats in an ideal, sacred interest. Man, you see, is not a person, but an ideal, a spook.

1845, Max Stirner, translated by Steven T. Byington, Der Einzige und sein Eigentum; republished as The Ego and His Own, Dover, 2005:

(philosophy) A metaphysical manifestation; an artificial distinction or construct.


absurdism

en-noun

absurdism (usually uncountable, plural absurdisms)

From absurd + -ism (“doctrine, theory”).

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

(uncountable, philosophy) A philosophy which holds that the universe is chaotic and irrational and that any attempt to impose order will ultimately fail.


scope

scope (countable and uncountable, plural scopes)

→ Irish: scóp

From Italian scopo (“purpose”), from Latin scopus (“target”), from Ancient Greek σκοπός (skopós), from σκέπτομαι (sképtomai), from Proto-Indo-European *speḱ-. Etymologically related to skeptic and spectrum.

(logic) The shortest sub-wff of which a given instance of a logical connective is a part.


lovelorn

en-adj

lovelorn (comparative more lovelorn, superlative most lovelorn)

more lovelorn (comparative)
most lovelorn (superlative)

Ye lovesick bards! repay her scorn for scorn; / Ye artists lovelorn! madmen that ye are, / Make your best bow to her and bid adieu / Then, if she likes it, she will follow you.

A soft-breasted bird from the sea / Fell in love with the light-house flame; / And it wheeled round the tower on its airiest wing, / And floated and cried like a lovelorn thing;

1890, John Boyle O'Reilly, “A Tragedy”, in In Bohemia:

Abandoned or forsaken by one's lover; having constant bad luck in romance; desperate for love.


illegal

Borrowed from French illégal, from Medieval Latin illegalis, from Latin legalis, by surface analysis, il- + legal. In senses relating to immigration, via clipping from illegal alien or illegal immigrant.

Anna Chapman, whose glamorous appearance won her more publicity in the Western media than all the other illegals combined, was so successfully deceived by a US sting operation that she handed over her SVR laptop to an FBI agent posing as a Russian.

2012, Christopher Andrew, ‘Colder War’, Literary Review, number 399:

Traditionally, illegals have been extremely hard for counterintelligence agencies to find, but in a world of biometric data, facial recognition software and open source investigation possibilities, it has become harder for Russia to keep its illegals below the radar.

2022 August 26, Shaun Walker, “Socialite who charmed Nato staff in Naples was Russian spy, say investigators”, in The Guardian:

(espionage) A spy operating abroad illegally and under non-official cover, without visible ties to his or her country’s authorities.


bite the bullet

en-verb

bite the bullet (third-person singular simple present bites the bullet, present participle biting the bullet, simple past bit the bullet, past participle bitten the bullet)

bites the bullet (present singular third-person)
biting the bullet (participle present)
bit the bullet (past)
bitten the bullet (participle past)

Possibly from the reported practice of soldiers biting a bullet to avoid crying out in pain, usually during a medical procedure or punishment. See the Wikipedia article Bite the bullet for a further discussion of possible etymologies.

With respect to the status of infants and those suffering from dementia, the critic might bite the bullet and just accept the fact that human dignity does not extend to them, or else argue that the fact that infants and those suffering mental breakdown are part of a species whose members typically possess rationality merits them a special respect, even if they lack this quality as individuals.

2014 June 12, C. Stephen Evans, David Baggett, “Moral Arguments for the Existence of God”, in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy:

(philosophy) To accept an undesirable or counterintuitive implication of an argument or view.


jihad

en-noun

jihad (countable and uncountable, plural jihads)

jihad Wikiquote (canonical)
jihads (plural)

/ˈd͡ʒiːhɑːd/

From Arabic جِهَاد (jihād, “struggle; effort”).

bor

(Islam, theology) A personal spiritual struggle for self-improvement and/or against evil.


measles

en-noun

measles pl (normally plural, singular measle)

Either from Middle Dutch masels (“blood blisters, measels”) or Middle Low German maselen (“red blemishes, measels”), both from Old High German masala (“blood blister, phlegmon”). Doublet of measlings. Cognate with mazer & mase and Middle Low German masele & māsel. Influenced in pronunciation and some senses by mesel (“leprous, leper”).

der

[…] they would prefer having him "die of the measles," as wags at the CIA put it, than be punished by legal means. If there is no convenient way of administering the "measles," they may even favor simply letting him go.

1975, Miles Copeland, Beyond Cloak and Dagger: Inside the CIA, page 204:

Such final solutions, sometimes referred to as termination with extreme prejudice, are known in the CIA as dying of the measles — that is, the death appears to be of natural causes.

1977, Raymond Edward Palmer, The Making of a Spy, page 99:

(US, espionage jargon) A discreet assassination made to look like death from any natural cause.


palingenesis

en-noun

palingenesis (countable and uncountable, plural palingeneses)

/ˌpælɪnˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/

/ˌpælɪnˈd͡ʒɛnəsəs/

Probably a variant of palingenesia + -genesis (suffix meaning ‘origin; production’). Palingenesia is a learned borrowing from Late Latin palingenesia (“rebirth; regeneration”), from Koine Greek παλιγγενεσία (palingenesía, “rebirth”), from Ancient Greek πᾰ́λῐν (pálin, “again, anew, once more”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to turn (end-over-end); to revolve around; to dwell, sojourn”)) + γένεσις (génesis, “creation; manner of birth; origin, source”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget; to give birth; to produce”)) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). By surface analysis, palin- + genesis.
Sense 2 (“apparent repetition, during the development of a single embryo, of changes that occurred previously in the evolution of its species”) is from German Palingenesis; while sense 3 (“regeneration of magma by the melting of metamorphic rocks”) is from Swedish palingenes. Both are derived from the Greek word: see above.
The plural form is probably from palingenesis + Latin genesēs (a plural form of genesis).

der

παλιγγενεσία

a plural form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">genesis</i>

[I]t was averred that all germs, or ova, were originally created—each thing living at this hour, having proceeded from a germ which was included within the germ of its antecedent, back as far as the original creation; […] This evolution doctrine was opposed by the Pythagorean idea of a palingenesis, or metempsychosis, under which notion you are to suppose that the animating principle that has heretofore animated the bodies of the living, seeks a new union with organizable matter, upon the dissolution of its last tabernacle, and carries on the new evolution until again displaced, and set free to make new combinations.

1848, Charles D[elucena] Meigs, “Letter XXIX”, in Females and Their Diseases; a Series of Letters to His Class, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea and Blanchard, →OCLC, page 387:

To appear again as identically the same, would require the palingenesis of Plato, that is, the recommencement of all things, so as to have the same series of causes and effects from the very beginning; but this creed implies the finality of God's power in the phenomenal universe, and Plato never thought that.

1849 October, R. H. Whitelocke, “Art. V.—1. Der Mensch nach den verschiedenen Seiten seiner Natur, order Anthropologie für das gebildete Publikum. Von K. F. Burdach. Stuttgart. 1836. […] [book review]”, in The Westminster Review, American edition, volume LII, New York, N.Y.: Leonard Scott & Co., […], published 1850, →OCLC, page 65, column 2:

But by the light of [Xavier] Bichat and Bell's discoveries, we can see one way to a theory of a Palingenesis of man, in which the flesh and blood of St. Paul, the animal life of Bichat, is eliminated, and the pneumatical body or organic life, the senso-motor nervous system, as distinct from the mere ganglionic, is retained.

1868, J[ohn] B[ickford] Heard, “The Resurrection and Spiritual Body”, in The Tripartite Nature of Man: Spirit, Soul, and Body […], 2nd edition, Edinburgh: T[homas] & T[homas] Clark, […], →OCLC, page 345:

(uncountable, also figuratively) Rebirth; regeneration; (countable) an instance of this.

(philosophy, theology, historical) Spiritual rebirth through the transmigration of the soul.

palingeneziya

spiritual rebirth through the transmigration of the soul


outside world

(philosophy) The world external to the human mind.


irenic

en-adj

irenic (comparative more irenic, superlative most irenic)

more irenic (comparative)
most irenic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek εἰρηνικός (eirēnikós, “characterized by peace, peaceful”) + English -ic (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘of or pertaining to’). Εἰρηνικός (Eirēnikós) is derived from εἰρήνη (eirḗnē, “peace”) (possibly from εἴρω (eírō, “to fasten together”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ser- (“(verb) to bind, tie together; (noun) thread”)), or εἴρω (eírō, “to say, speak”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *werh₁- (“to say, speak”))) + -ῐκός (-ikós, suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘of or pertaining to’).

der

Plato and the Athenians must have felt almost as uncomfortable with Xenophon's irenic intervention as one feels at times in an argument when—just as the point in dispute, precisely by being brought to a head, begins to be interesting—a helpful third party kindly takes it upon himself to reconcile the disputants, to take the whole matter back to a triviality

1989 [1830 October 30], Søren Kierkegaard, translated by Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, On the Concept of Irony with Continual Reference to Socrates, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, →ISBN:

The idea that the Jews of the region are not genetically distinct from other peoples of the area should be an irenic insight.

2001 November 30, Hywel Williams, “God the state-builder”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-05-06:

The philosophes contrasted their own irenic calls for tolerance with the church's historical record as the perennial source of cruelty and fanaticism.

2002, Colin Jones, “An Enlightening Age”, in The Great Nation: France from Louis XV to Napoleon 1715–99, New York, N.Y., Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 199:

The current comity between the United States and China, which have little in common except a river of manufactured goods in one direction and dollars in the other, is a recent reminder of the irenic effects of trade.

2011, Steven Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence has Declined, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Books, published 2012, →ISBN, page 343:

(chiefly theology) Promoting or fitted to promote peace or peacemaking, especially over disputes; conciliatory, non-confrontational, peaceful.

миротворен

promoting or fitted to promote peace or peacemaking, especially over disputes — see also conciliatory


afterlife

en-noun

afterlife (plural afterlives or (rare, proscribed) afterlifes)

afterlives (plural)
afterlifes (plural proscribed rare)

Many religious people believe in an afterlife.

Read in euery Starre, and let the Moone be your Candle to doe it, the prouident disposition of God, the eternitie of your after-life.

1614, Thomas Adams, “The Sinners Passing-Bell”, in The Devills Banket, London: Ralph Mab, page 219:

1715, Alexander Pope, The Temple of Fame, London: Bernard Lintott, Note to p. 16, ver. 5,
Those heroick Barbarians accounted it a Dishonour to die in their Beds, and rush’d on to certain Death in the Prospect of an After-Life […]

1891, Ambrose Bierce, “A Watcher by the Dead” in Tales of Soldiers and Civilians, San Francisco: E.L.G. Steele, p. 175,
I, who have not a shade of superstition in my nature—I, who have no belief in immortality—I, who know […] that the after-life is the dream of a desire

Each person took this paper money and dropped it into a huge tin drum which held within it a fierce fire, a bonfire of heavenly money for Tiger’s afterlife.

2005, Tash Aw, chapter 6, in The Harmony Silk Factory, New York: Riverhead Books, page 67:

A conscious existence after death; a supernatural life that follows one's natural life, in some worldviews.


suture

From Middle English suture, from Latin sūtūra (“suture”), from suere (“sew, join or tack together”) + -tūra (forms action nouns).

af

The suture of science and philosophy constitutes an identification of philosophical thought and scientific objectivity that is unfortunately typical of contemporary so-called ‘analytic’ philosophy. […] Yet, the over-identification of philosophical tasks with science itself signifies a veritable retreat from philosophy itself.

2011, Tzuchien Tho, “Introduction: One Divides into Two? Dividing the Conditions”, in Alain Badiou, The Rational Kernel of the Hegelian Dialectic, →ISBN, page xix:

(philosophy, figurative) The procedure by which a subject comes to be identified with its own representation, as in the identification of the speaker with the sign “I” within a certain discourse; (by extension) any process by which the content of something is determined or supplied from outside itself.


reduction

en-noun

reduction (countable and uncountable, plural reductions)

From Middle English reduccion, a borrowing from Old French reducion, from Latin reductiō, reductiōnem.

phenomenological reduction
phenomenological reduction

(philosophy, phenomenology) A philosophical procedure intended to reveal the objects of consciousness as pure phenomena. (See phenomenological reduction.)


conversion

conversion (countable and uncountable, plural conversions)

From Middle English conversion, conversioun, borrowed from Anglo-Norman conversion, from Latin conversiō, from convertō.

обръщане

the act of having converted something or someone

המרת דת

to replace one religious faith with another

(logic) The act of interchanging the terms of a proposition, as by putting the subject in the place of the predicate, or vice versa.


Democritus

From Ancient Greek Δημόκριτος (Dēmókritos).

A Greek philosopher (c.460-c.370 BC). The originator of the atomic theory together with his teacher Leucippus.


valuation

valuation (countable and uncountable, plural valuations)

From Middle French valuation, noun of action from valuer, from Old French valoir.

propositional variable
propositional variable

(logic, propositional logic, model theory) An assignment of truth values to propositional variables, with a corresponding assignment of truth values to all propositional formulas with those variables (obtained through the recursive application of truth-valued functions corresponding to the logical connectives making up those formulas).

propositional logic; model theory; propositional logic; model theory

(logic, first-order logic, model theory) A structure, and the corresponding assignment of a truth value to each sentence in the language for that structure.

first-order logic; model theory; first-order logic; model theory


thealogy

thealogy (countable and uncountable, plural thealogies)

From Ancient Greek θεά (theá, “goddess”) + -logy.

The study of or reflection upon the or a goddess, or the feminine divine, e.g. from a feminist viewpoint.


claustrophilia

Based on the Latin claustrum (“a shut in place”), from claudere (“to close”) + -philia ("love").

The love of, or arousal from, enclosed, tight places.


amelioration

amelioration (countable and uncountable, plural ameliorations)

/əˌmiːliəˈɹeɪʃən/

pre-amelioration

post-amelioration

(philosophy) An ameliorative change of a concept or a repertoire of concepts.


endearment

Every step of that walk led Jeff deeper into an excursion of endearment. It was amazingly true that he trod beside her an acknowledged friend, a secret lover.

1913, William MacLeod Raine, chapter 20, in The Vision Splendid:

The act or process of endearing, of causing (something or someone) to be loved or to be the object of affection.

He could not forget the fond and earnest look that had passed between her and some other man—the attitude of familiar confidence, if not of positive endearment.

1855, Elizabeth Gaskell, chapter 38, in North and South:

The state or characteristic of being endeared.

When they were alone he called him "my boy," an endearment he never gave another.

1902, Gertrude Franklin Horn Atherton, chapter 18, in The Conqueror:


open-source

open-source intelligence

The ramifications of disinformation spill on to the streets with tangible, often devastating real-world consequences. These processes were already under way in 2014, when I founded the open-source investigative group Bellingcat.

2023 December 16, Eliot Higgins, “Moment of truth”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 1:

(espionage) Relying on publicly available information (open sources).


MLM

multi-level marketing
multi-level marketing#English

(business) Initialism of multi-level marketing.

[In] the responses from participants above, it can be noted how these particular Christian MLM bring their daily experiences in their approach to the Bible. […], refusing to be addressed as men who have sex with other men (MSM) but opting to be known as men who love other men […] Second, Christian MLM also underline the need for the churches in Zambia to contextualize biblical texts […]

2016, Ezra Chitando, Adriaan van Klinken, Christianity and Controversies over Homosexuality in Contemporary Africa, Routledge, →ISBN:

(fourth meaning)

(LGBT) Initialism of men loving men or men who love men.


MLM

Muslim Lives Matter
w:Muslim Lives Matter

(politics) Initialism of Muslim Lives Matter.


open source

Compound of open + source, coined by Christine Peterson in 1998 for software as an umbrella term to encompass existing concepts such as free software, freedomware, and sourceware.

(espionage) Information that is in the public domain and available to everybody.


puppy love

They're only teenagers; it's hard to take their puppy love seriously.

How does a little girl in the second grade who was raised upper-middle class begin to explain that she's fallen into undeniable puppy love with her second grade teacher, Mrs. Dawson?

1984 December 15, Cindy Rivas, “With a Little Help...”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 22, page 12:

(informal, derogatory) A childish or youthful infatuation with another person.


quiddity

quiddity (countable and uncountable, plural quiddities)

From Middle French quiddité, and its source, Late Latin quidditas, from Latin quid (“what”) + -itas (“-ness”).

A tub of butter, contemplated by him, amounts to a Platonic idea. He understands a leg of mutton in its quiddity. He stands wondering, amid the commonplace materials of life, like primæval man, with the sun and stars about him.

October 1822, Charles Lamb, “The Old Actors”, in London Magazine, Mr. Munden:

My vision reeked with truth. It had the tone,
The quiddity and quaintness of its own
Reality.

He represented my quiddity I suppose – the part which, thanks to you, has converted a black pessimism about life into a belief in cosmic absurdity.

1978, Lawrence Durrell, Livia (Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber, published 1992, page 352:

When I send a card, it has to be right. Something that sums up the essential quiddity of being me, right here, right now.

2023 December 8, The Big Issue, Melbourne, page 35, column 1:

(philosophy) The essence or inherent nature of a person or thing.


Xenophanes

From Ancient Greek Ξενοφάνης (Xenophánēs). The name means “of foreign appearance” and is composed of ξένος (xénos, “foreign”) + φαίνω (phaínō, “appear”).

Lucretius was the Xenophanes of Roman culture, a great theorist (visionary), an ardent disciple of Universal Nature, an enemy of all superstition, false gods, and false fear of death, […]

1931, Hermann Schneider, Margaret Minna Green, The History of World Civilization, volume 2, page 614:

No Xenophanes arose amongst the Jews to rebuke them for ascribing to Jahweh acts which would be accounted a shame and a disgrace amongst men; […]

1970, John Arthur Passmore, The Perfectibility of Man, page 77:

Euthyphro is no Xenophanes but as a religious and thinking man he can turn to great teachers; […]

1985, Michael Despland, The Education of Desire, page 33:

The pre-Socratic philosopher Xenophanes of Colophon; by extension or reference, any profound or transformative religious thinker.


head over heels

Attested from the 14ᵗʰ century onwards, originally as heels over head, which better rendered the notion of things being upside down (head over heels is the standard state of being).

Something happens and I'm head over heels / Ah, don't take my heart, don't break my heart / Don't, don't, don't throw it away

1985, Roland Orzabal, Curt Smith (lyrics and music), “Head Over Heels”, performed by Tears for Fears:

Steve is the hottest, smartest, funniest, and most athletic boy in all of Edison High. Who knew a jock could be captain of the math team? He is also the guy that every girl is head over heels for.

2011, Martina Manicastri, Climb into My Mind: A Book of Poems, Essays, and Short Stories, →ISBN, page 74:

Not to mention the young man that I was head over heels with was the jock at the school he attended. He played football and was damned good at it!

2012, Dressed up Garbage Can, →ISBN, page 9:

From what it appeared to most everyone on the set, including Presley right down to the lowly stagehands, Ireland was head over heels with the impish young actress Weld from the start.

2012, James Prickette, Actors of the Spaghetti Westerns, →ISBN, page 237:

Obviously at my age my interest was purely paternal but my younger self was head over heels.

2013, Dennis Coughlin, Passport to Life, →ISBN, page 155:


mutually exclusive

(logic, probability theory) Describing multiple events or propositions such that the occurrence of any one implies the nonoccurrence of all other events or propositions. Boolean function of NOR logic gate

узаемавыключа́льны

describing multiple events being such that the occurrence of any one implies the nonoccurrence of all others


Diogenes

From Latin Diogenēs, from Ancient Greek Διογένης (Diogénēs).

Diogenes of Sinope, an Ancient Greek philosopher (c.412-c.323 BC), the most famous of Cynic philosophers.


Old Nick

Originally 17th century. Apparently a special use of the forename Nick, perhaps in jocular or contrastive reference to Saint Nicholas. Alternatively, it may be derived from nicker, or some other derivative of Old English nicor (“water demon”).

He sat down in the middle of the floor, took his chalk out and marked a large ring around him, and round about this he wrote the Lord's Prayer, and then he did not feel afraid even if Old Nick himself should come.

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 158:


archdevil

/ɑɹt͡ʃ.ˈdɛvəl/

/ɑɹt͡ʃ.ˈdɛvɪl/

From the context and other parts of the work, we are to understand that the demons here described are the personal friends of our sovereign, and that the archdevil was the mother of our sovereign.

1802, The Anti-Jacobin Review and Magazine, Volume 12, Open Court Publishing Company, page 30:

In short, it is purely the work of the devil that they are doing, and especially that of the archdevil, who presides at Muhlhausen, and directs nothing but robbery, murder and bloodshed.

1841, George Waddington, A History of the Reformation on the Continent: In Three Volumes, Duncan and Malcolm, page 155:

A spirit of ultraism seems to pervade the whole community. The language of Milton's archdevil "Evil, be thou my good" is the creed of modern reformers, or, in other words — anything for a change. What is to come of all this, I have not wisdom even to guess. It is an age of transition and whether you and I live to see the elements of the moral and political world at rest, is, I think, extretmely doubtful.

1851, Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, Personal Memoirs of a Residence of Thirty Years with the Indian Tribes on the American Frontiers: With Brief Notices of Passing Events, Facts, and Opinions, A.D. 1812 to A.D. 1842, Lippincott, Grambo and Company, page 517:

The bishops in question were described as archdevils, priests of Baal, standard-bearers of the Balaamites, and children of perdition.

1896, Marvin Richardson Vincent, The Age of Hildebrand, Christian Literature Company, page 267:

They are archdevils. Partake not of anything from their hands. Now I shall sell myself and do this act if only I have thee at my back.

1940, United States Congress, The Madras Law Journal, page 813:

(theology, rare, religion, fantasy, science fiction) A chief or reigning devil.


distribute

en-verb

distribute (third-person singular simple present distributes, present participle distributing, simple past and past participle distributed)

distributes (present singular third-person)
distributing (participle present)
distributed (participle past)
distributed (past)
distribute (infinitive)

PIE word
 *tréyes
From Latin distributus, past participle of distribuere (“to divide, distribute”), from dis- (“apart”) + tribuere (“to give, impart”); see tribute.

A term is said to be distributed when it is taken universal, so as to stand for everything it is capable of being applied to.

1826, Richard Whately, Elements of Logic:

(logic) To employ (a term) in its whole extent; to take as universal in one premise.


consistency

en-noun

consistency (countable and uncountable, plural consistencies)

a foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds

(logic) Freedom from contradiction; the state of a system of axioms such that none of the propositions deduced from them are mutually contradictory.


aretology

(philosophy) The part of moral philosophy that deals with virtue, its nature, and how to attain it.


obverse

(logic) A proposition obtained by obversion, e.g. All men are mortal => No man is immortal.


one-sided

en-adj

one-sided (comparative more one-sided, superlative most one-sided)

more one-sided (comparative)
most one-sided (superlative)

(logic, of a modality) That is necessarily or absolutely different than the respective coordinate alethic or temporal modality, but not its opposite.


mendacity

en-noun

mendacity (countable and uncountable, plural mendacities)

From Late Latin mendacitas, from Latin mendāx (“deceitful, deceptive, lying”) + -itās (suffix forming nouns indicating a state of being). Mendāx is derived from mentior (“to deceive, lie”) (from mēns, mentis (“mind; intellect; judgment, reasoning”), from Proto-Indo-European *méntis (“thought”)) + -āx (suffix forming adjectives expressing a tendency or inclination), or from Proto-Indo-European *mend- (“to fault”).

suffix

Mendacity is not a uniform offence: it changes its colour according to the nature and substance of the offence to which it is rendered or endeavoured to be rendered subservient. Mendacity, employed in drawing down upon an innocent head the destroying sword of justice, is murder: murder, encompassed with all its correspondent terror. Mendacity, employed in the obtainment of money, is but depredation. Yet, while predatory mendacity is punished with death, the punishment for the murderous mendacity is in comparison but a flea-bite.

1817, Jeremy Bentham, “Swear Not at All. Mat[thew] v. 34.”, in “Swear Not at All:” Containing an Exposure of the Needlessness and Mischievousness, as well as Antichristianity, of the Ceremony of an Oath: …, London: Sold by R. Hunter, St. Paul's Churchyard, →OCLC, § 14 (Succedanea—True Securities Substitutible to this False One), pages 75–76:

[…] Treating the assertion of the witness as the effect, he [Pierre-Simon Laplace] considers as its two possible causes, the veracity or mendacity of the witness on the particular occasion, that is, the truth or falsity of the fact.

1843, John Stuart Mill, “Of the Grounds of Disbelief”, in A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence, and the Methods of Scientific Investigation. […], volume II, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], →OCLC, § 5, page 196:

Big Daddy: […] Think of all the lies I got to put up with!—Pretenses! Ain't that mendacity? Having to pretend stuff you don't think or feel or have any idea of?

1955 March 24 (first performance), Tennessee Williams [pseudonym; Thomas Lanier Williams III], Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, published in Jack Gaver, editor, Critics’ Choice: New York Drama Critics’ Circle Prize Plays 1935–55, New York, N.Y.: Hawthorn Books, 1955, →OCLC, Act II, page 652, column 2

So now the hard Brexiters say, with astonishingly cynical mendacity, that Britain would be better off going it alone.

2017 March 27, “The Observer view on triggering article 50: As Britain hurtles towards the precipice, truth and democracy are in short supply”, in The Observer, London, archived from the original on 2017-05-17:

A shifty or unreliable politician may hide their mendacity behind deceit, fabrication on confabulation, or by rehearsed counter-attack that simply ignores the questions but makes imputations against the other.

2019 March 23, Jack Waterford, “Prime Minister's ever-diminishing credibility”, in The Canberra Times, Canberra:

(uncountable) The fact or condition of being untruthful; dishonesty.

лъжливост

The scandalous bronze-lacker age, of hungry animalisms, spiritual impotencies and mendacities, will have to run its course, till the Pit swallow it.

1858, Thomas Carlyle, “Visit to Dresden”, in History of Friedrich II. of Prussia, Called Frederick the Great. … In Four Volumes, volume II, London: Chapman and Hall, 193 Piccadilly, →OCLC, book VI, page 30:

Though the rebels had utterly failed in their purposes, having accomplished nothing but the temporary disabling of two lightly armed vessels, and had retreated before the approach of the only formidable vessel there, they formally, and with a mendacity equalled only by some of their own efforts in that direction, proclaimed that they had "driven out of sight, for a time, the entire hostile fleet," and that the blockade of the port of Charleston was raised.

1875, John Howard Hinton, Samuel L[orenzo] Knapp, John O. Choules, William A. Crafts, chapter CXXXIII, in History of the United States of America, from the First Settlement of the Country. By John Howard Hinton, A.M. With Additions by Samuel L. Knapp, Esq., and John O. Choules, D.D. And a Continuation from the Inauguration of President Pierce to the Inauguraion of President Grant. By William A. Crafts, A.M., volume III, Boston, Mass.: Samuel Walker and Company, →OCLC, page 481, column 1:

He would have you believe that every error we make is deliberate, that journalists have somehow ginned up a unified conspiracy of lies and mendacities against him.

2018, Jack Shafer, “Donald Trump’s Fake News Mistake”, in Politico:

(countable) A deceit, falsehood, or lie.


intentional

en-adj

intentional (comparative more intentional, superlative most intentional)

more intentional (comparative)
most intentional (superlative)

[ɪnˈtʰɛnʃn̩ɫ̩]

Borrowed from Medieval Latin intentiōnālis. By surface analysis, intention + -al.

bor+

(philosophy, obsolete) Object to intention, only appearing due to wilful perception.


intentional

[ɪnˈtʰɛnʃn̩ɫ̩]

(philosophy, archaic) Something that has no essential underlying structure but apparition only as defined by perception; object only because consciousness is directed to it.


necromancer

/ˈnɛkɹəˌmænsɚ/

An alteration of nigromancer; equivalent to necro- + -mancer.

Necromancers were thought to have the power of restoring activity to the dead, either temporarily or permanently[.]

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 52:

A person who practices or performs necromancy.


implicate

Borrowed from Latin implicatus < implico (“entangle, involve”), from plico (“fold”). Doublet of imply and employ.


romantic

en-adj

romantic (comparative more romantic, superlative most romantic)

more romantic (comparative)
most romantic (superlative)

/ɹəʊˈmæntɪk/

From romant + -ic, or borrowed from Late Latin romanticus (“(of a poem) having qualities of a romance”). Compare French romantique, which is borrowed from English. Also compare Spanish romántico, Portuguese romântico, Italian romantico, Dutch romantisch, and German romantisch and Romantiker (“a composer of Romantic music”), all of which are borrowed from English or French.

romanties

concerned with, or conducive to, romance and love

(chiefly historical) Of a work of literature, a writer etc.: being like or having the characteristics of a romance, or poetic tale of a mythic or quasi-historical time; fantastic.

Mary sighed, knowing her ideals were far too romantic to work in reality.

R. Jeeves: In my experience, ladies who spell Gladys with a W are seldom noted for their reliability, sir. It gives them romantic notions.
B.W. Wooster: With a W, Jeeves? No, no, no, no. You spell it with a G.
R. Jeeves: If I might draw your attention to the signature on the portrait, sir.
B.W. Wooster: Good Lord! G-W?
R. Jeeves: I blame Alfred Lord Tennyson and his Idylls of the King. It also accounts for Kathryn, Ysabel, and Ethyl, all spelt with a Y, but Gwladys is a particularly virulent form, sir.

1993 May 16, “Return to New York”, in Jeeves and Wooster, Series 3, Episode 6:

Fantastic, unrealistic (of an idea etc.); fanciful, sentimental, impractical (of a person).

But here is an artist. He desires to paint you the dreamiest, shadiest, quietest, most enchanting bit of romantic landscape in all the valley of the Saco.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 1, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

Somehow she wasn't a real sister, but that only made her the more romantic.

Finance is seldom romantic. But the idea of peer-to-peer lending comes close. This is an industry that brings together individual savers and lenders on online platforms. Those that want to borrow are matched with those that want to lend.

2013 June 1, “End of the peer show”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 71:

Having the qualities of romance (in the sense of something appealing deeply to the imagination); invoking on a powerfully sentimental idea of life; evocative, atmospheric.

Their kiss started casually, but it slowly turned romantic.

Pertaining to an idealised form of love (originally, as might be felt by the heroes of a romance); conducive to romance; loving, affectionate.

Elsewhere, I describe that, in addition to an asexual identity, another salient identity for asexual individuals may be a romantic or aromantic identity, which designates an interest (or lack thereof) in monogamous, intimate relationships (Scherrer, 2008).

2010, Kristin S. Scherrer, “Asexual Relationships: What Does Asexuality Have to Do with Polyamory?”, in Meg Barker, Darren Langdridge, editors, Understanding Non-Monogamies, New York, N.Y., London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 154:

What is relatively “new” is the formation of communities around the common language of asexuality as it is understood today—communities in which new categories exist around the concept of asexuality or “being ace,” where people can discuss romantic or aromantic orientations in relation to or apart from sexual desires or non-desires.

2014, Karli June Cerankowski, Megan Milks, “Introduction: Why Asexuality? Why Now?”, in Asexualities: Feminist and Queer Perspectives (Routledge Research in Gender and Society), New York, N.Y., London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 2:

Grayromantic asexual people are between romantic and aromantic and less likely to experience romantic attraction compared to most people.

2019, Julie Xuemei Hu, Shondrah Tarrezz Nash, “Sexuality and Sexual Relationships throughout Life”, in Marriage and the Family: Mirror of a Diverse Global Society, Routledge, →ISBN:


romantic

→ French: romantique

→ Italian: romantico

/ɹəʊˈmæntɪk/

Oh, flowers! You're such a romantic.

Kaldor is an interesting lyricist, and it is easy to identify with her imagery. She's also an unabashed romantic of the most extreme kind, with lines like "For we can talk without speaking/we can see without light/I'll never leave you...."

1985 December 14, Maida Tilchen, Gay Community News, volume 13, number 22, page 8:

A person who is behaving romantically (in a manner befitting someone who feels an idealized form of love).


deconstruction

en-noun

deconstruction (countable and uncountable, plural deconstructions)

(philosophy, literature) A philosophical theory of textual criticism; a form of critical analysis that emphasizes inquiry into the variable projection of the meaning and message of critical works, the meaning in relation to the reader and the intended audience, and the assumptions implicit in the embodied forms of expression.

αποδομισμός

a philosophical theory of textual criticism


zoophilia

zoophilia (countable and uncountable, plural zoophilias)

/ˈzəʊ.əʊfɪliə/

For quotations using this term, see Citations:zoophilia.

(uncommon, chiefly derogatory) Excessive fondness for animals.


xenophilia

While it may appear that Sturgeon has thus become an advocate of homoeroticism, incest, xenophilia, and other exotic or decadent sexual practices, he remains committed rather to the ideals of understanding and tolerance.

1983, Frank Northen Magill, Survey of modern fantasy literature, Volume 4, Salem Press, →ISBN, page 1707:

An alien—seemingly just a tourist—lands in the middle of Washington, assumes human, male form, and is adopted by four college kids for fun and sex. The story is told in snatches of dialogue and scraps of poetry (the title is from e.e. cummings), and is all goofy juxtapositions, happy xenophilia, and affection for the enthusiastic and accepting youth.

2007, Julie Phillips, James Tiptree, Jr.: The Double Life of Alice B. Sheldon, →ISBN, page 300:

Xenophilia (header) From a young age, even before I knew what sex was, I always had a thing for girls. Alien girls I mean — Alorians in particular. I broke out in a sweat every time I saw them. They were so beautiful.

2012, Mark Guinane, Horizon's Edge, →ISBN, page 303:

(science fiction) love (especially sexual love) between humans and extraterrestrials


ontic

en-adj

ontic (comparative more ontic, superlative most ontic)

more ontic (comparative)
most ontic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek ὄν (ón, “being, existing, essence”) (stem ὄντ- (ónt-)) + -ic.

der

My descriptions are ontical—addressing the world we inhabit, the what and where and how and why of objects therein; my questions are not ontological in the sense of struggling (vainly) to answer the question of the being of things tout court.

2015, Bill Brown, Other Things, Univ of Chicago Press, →ISBN:

Pertaining to being, as opposed to pertaining to a theory of it (which would be ontological).


unrequited love

To her mind, a girl who would tell of the unrequited love of a man for herself, was unspeakably base.

1912, Eleanor H. Porter, chapter 27, in Miss Billy's Decision:

Love that is not reciprocated, even though reciprocation is desired.

անպատասխան սեր

love that is not reciprocated, even though reciprocation is desired


Americophilia

An affection for, or interest in things related to the United States

親美派

an affection for, or interest in things related to the United States


polycontexturality

Gotthard Gunther coined the term. His school of second-order cybernetics is the foundation of polycontextural logic.

(philosophy) A school of thought regarding subjectivity, involving a large number of contexts and viewpoints that cannot be reconciled.


loved

en-adj

loved (comparative more loved, superlative most loved)

more loved (comparative)
most loved (superlative)

From Middle English loved, luvd, from Old English lufode, first and third person singular past indicative of lufian; and Middle English loved, iloved, from Old English ġelufod, past participle of lufian; both equivalent to love + -ed.

1997, Charlie W. Shedd, How to Make People Really Feel Loved: And Other Life-Giving Observations, Vine Books, →ISBN:

1999, Valerie Grove, Laurie Lee: The Well-Loved Stranger, Penguin Books, published 2001, →ISBN:


sophocracy

(philosophy) Political rule by philosophers.


mechanism

en-noun

mechanism (countable and uncountable, plural mechanisms)

→ Welsh: mecanism

Learned borrowing from New Latin mechanismus, from Ancient Greek μηχανή (mēkhanḗ, “machine”).

der

(philosophy) The theory that all natural phenomena can be explained by physical causes.

mekanismi

philosophy: theory that all natural phenomena can be explained by physical causes


romance

en-noun

romance (countable and uncountable, plural romances)

→ Japanese: ロマンス

→ Korean: 로맨스 (romaenseu)

From Middle English romauns, roumance, borrowed from Anglo-Norman and Old French romanz, romans (the vernacular language of France, as opposed to Latin), from Medieval Latin rōmānicē, Vulgar Latin rōmānicē (“in the Roman language”, adverb), from Latin rōmānicus (“roman”, adj) from rōmānus (“a Roman”). Doublet of Romansch.

der

An intimate relationship between two people; a love affair.


comprehension

en-noun

comprehension (countable and uncountable, plural comprehensions)

/ˌkɒmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/

/ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/

Borrowed from Middle French compréhension, from Latin comprehensiō (“taking together”), from com- (“with, together”) + prehendō (“take”).

af

(logic) The totality of intensions, that is, attributes, characters, marks, properties, or qualities, that the object possesses, or else the totality of intensions that are pertinent to the context of a given discussion.


possibilism

en-noun

possibilism (countable and uncountable, plural possibilisms)

From Latin possibilis (“that can be done”), from posse (“be able”), + -ism.

(philosophy) The belief that possible things exist, as well as actual things.


immanent

en-adj

immanent (comparative more immanent, superlative most immanent)

more immanent (comparative)
most immanent (superlative)

Entered English around 1530, via French, from Late Latin immanēns, present participle of Latin immanēre, from im- (“in”) + manēre (“to dwell, remain, stay”). Cognate with remain and manor.

(philosophy) Of something which has always already been.

(philosophy, metaphysics, theology, of a deity) Existing within and throughout the mind and the world; dwelling within and throughout all things, all time, etc. Compare transcendent.

At the same time it has been common, and we intend to show that it is important, to distinguish one class of volitions from another. Those which terminate on some action of our own, have been called deliberate acts — and imperate acts of the will, and not unfrequently determinate acts — because they are more the result of deliberation, and determine and govern the action on which they fix; while those which contemplate no action as their immediate result, are called immanent acts of the will. They remain in the mind, and do not flow out into action.

1846, James Richards, Lectures on Mental Philosophy and Theology:

(philosophy, of a mental act) Taking place entirely within the mind of the subject and having no effect outside of it. Compare emanant, transeunt.


cordate

Leaf shape
Two Dogmas of Empiricism
Willard Van Orman Quine

From the substantivation of the above adjective, alternatively straight from Latin cor(d) (“heart”) + -ate (noun-forming suffix).

af

If, for instance, the context:

1970, Willard Van Orman Quine, Philosophy of Logic, pages 8–9:

The organisms in any sample of tigers will almost always happen to exemplify genetic properties more specific than the property shared by exactly the tigers, as well as a number of more inclusive ones such as properties common to all mammals or to all cordates.

2002, Timothy McCarthy, Radical Interpretation and Indeterminacy, page 124:

Sciences of cordates — creatures with hearts — are, for example, less general or comprehensive than sciences of living things, and the latter are less comprehensive and general than sciences of moving things.

2008, Peter Loptson, Freedom, Nature, and World, page 78:

It is the coextension problem, the problem of the renates and the cordates, the creatures with kidneys and the creatures with hearts.

2012, K. Mulligan, Language, Truth and Ontology, page 16:

However, the property of being a cordate and the property of being a renate are different properties; the former has something to do with hearts and the latter has something to do with kidneys.

2021, Ken Akiba, “Vaguenss from the philosophical point of view”, in Apostolos Syropoulos, Basil K. Papadopoulos, editors, Vagueness in the Exact Sciences, page 6:


multiverse

First appears c. 1895. Blend of multiple + universe, coined by American philosopher William James. By surface analysis, multi- + -verse.

coined

Visible nature is all plasticity and indifference, a multiverse, as one might call it, and not a universe.

1895 October, William James, “Is Life Worth Living?”, in International Journal of Ethics, page 10:

I've never gone through a place like Racine without thinking which house with the rubber-tire swing for kids and piano-practicing inside was like Stiva Lausch's, who had two daughters brought up with every refinement, including piano lessons, and how such little-speaking Odessa-bred sons had gotten on a track like this through the multiverse.

1953, Saul Bellow, chapter 6, in The Adventures of Augie March, New York: Viking Press, →OCLC, pages 94–95:

(philosophy) The world, considered as lacking in purpose, design, or predictability.


trivial

en-adj

trivial (comparative more trivial, superlative most trivial)

more trivial (comparative)
most trivial (superlative)

PIE word
 *tréyes
* From Latin triviālis (“appropriate to the street-corner, commonplace, vulgar”), from trivium (“place where three roads meet”). Compare trivium, trivia.
* From the distinction between trivium (“the lower division of the liberal arts; grammar, logic and rhetoric”) and quadrivium (“the higher division of the seven liberal arts in the Middle Ages, composed of geometry, astronomy, arithmetic, and music”).

der

(philosophy) Indistinguishable in case of truth or falsity.


disjunctive

en-adj

disjunctive (comparative more disjunctive, superlative most disjunctive)

more disjunctive (comparative)
most disjunctive (superlative)

From Middle English disjunctief, disjunctyf, from Middle French disjunctif and Latin disjunctīvus (“placed in opposition”).

der

An opposition of contrariety is not of purely logical concernment; and a disjunctive syllogism with characters opposed in contrariety, in fact, consists of as many pure disjunctive syllogisms as there are opposing predicates.

1873, Sir William Hamilton, Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic, page 235:


disjunctive

L. H. Atwater
Disjunctives may be turned into conditionals.


conjunctive

From Latin coniunctivus (“serving to connect”), from coniunctus, past participle of coniungere; compare conjoin. From late 15th c; grammatical sense from 1660s.

uder

(logic) Of or relating to logical conjunction.

konjunktiivinen

logic: of or relating to logical conjunction


whopper

When he got done telling it there was one of them uncomfortable silences that comes, you know, when a person has been telling a whopper and you feel sorry for him and wish you could think of some way to change the subject and let him down easy, […]

1894, Mark Twain, chapter XII, in Tom Sawyer Abroad:

Coming out with a whopper now. Rhapsodies about damn all. Believes his own lies. Does really. Wonderful liar. But want a good memory.

1922 February, James Joyce, Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

Isuzu Inc. hit pay dirt in the late '80s with its series of “Joe Isuzu” spots, featuring an oily, Satanic-looking salesman who told whoppers about Isuzu's genuine llama-skin upholstery and ability to run on tapwater.

1997 [1990], David Foster Wallace, “E Unibus Pluram: Television and U.S. Fiction”, in A Supposedly Fun Thing I’ll Never Do Again: Essays and Arguments, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN:

(informal) An outrageous or blatant lie.


sempiternity

From sempitern(al) + -ity, from Latin sempiternitas.

(philosophy, theology) Existence within time but infinitely into the future, as opposed to eternity, understood as existence outside time.


sempiternal

From Old French sempiternel, from Medieval Latin sempiternālis, from Latin sempiternus, a contraction of semperæternus, from semper (“always”) + æternus (“eternal”).

(philosophy) Everlasting, that is, having infinite temporal duration (as opposed to eternal: outside time and thus lacking temporal duration altogether).


gynephilia

From Ancient Greek; equivalent to gyne- + -philia; see gyne.

The love of women; a sexual attraction to women, in general; female-oriented teleiophilia.


Elysian Fields

Calque of Latin Campī Ēlysiī, from Ancient Greek Ἠλῠ́σῐον Πεδῐ́ον (Ēlúsion Pedíon). By surface analysis, Elysian + fields.

der

Ἠλῠ́σῐον Πεδῐ́ον

Indeed, the Elysian Fields themselves were a part of Hades, though they have since been removed to Paris.

1911, Ambrose Bierce, “Hades”, in The Devil’s Dictionary, New York, N.Y., Washington, D.C.: The Neale Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 127:

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Elysium; home of the blessed, after death.

Ելիսեյան մարգագետիններ

home of the blessed after death in Greek and Roman mythology — see also Elysium


dialectical

en-adj

dialectical (comparative more dialectical, superlative most dialectical)

more dialectical (comparative)
most dialectical (superlative)

From Latin dialecticus + -al. By surface analysis, dialectic + -al.

Of or pertaining to dialectic; (in philosophy) logically reasoned through the exchange of opposing ideas.


residence

en-noun

residence (countable and uncountable, plural residences)

From Middle English residence, from Old French residence, from Medieval Latin residentia, from residēns, present participle of resideō, equivalent to reside + -ence.


Gödel's incompleteness theorem

en-proper noun

Gödel's incompleteness theorem (plural Gödel's incompleteness theorems)

Gödel's incompleteness theorems (plural)

(logic, mathematics) One of two theorems in mathematical logic that demonstrates the inherent limitations of every formal axiomatic system containing basic arithmetic.


imputation

en-noun

imputation (countable and uncountable, plural imputations)

From Middle French imputation, from Latin imputatio.

the imputation of the sin of Adam

the imputation of the righteousness of Christ

So, if a Sonne that is by his Father ſent about Merchandize, doe ſinfully miſcarry vpon the Sea; the imputation of his vvickedneſſe, by your rule, ſhould be impoſed vpon his Father that ſent him: […]

1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], page 84, column 2:

(theology) A setting of something to the account of; the attribution of personal guilt or personal righteousness of another.


completeness

completeness (usually uncountable, plural completenesses)

THEOREM 37°. (Gödel's completeness theorem 1930.) In the predicate calculus H:
(a) If ⊨F [or even if א₀-⊨F], then ⊢F. If E_1,...,E_k⊨F [or even if E_1,...,E_kא₀-⊨F], then E_1,...,E_k⊢F.
(b) […]

2002, Stephen Cole Kleene, Mathematical Logic, Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, page 314

(logic) The property of a logical theory that whenever a wff is valid then it must also be a theorem. Symbolically, letting T represent a theory within logic L, this can be represented as the property that whenever T⊨ϕ is true, then T⊢ϕ must also be true, for any wff φ of logic L.


veterinary surgeon

veterinary surgeon (plural veterinary surgeons)

A doctor who practices veterinary medicine; a vet.


consistent

en-adj

consistent (comparative more consistent, superlative most consistent)

more consistent (comparative)
most consistent (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin cōnsistēntem, present participle of cōnsistō (“to agree with; to continue”), from con- (prefix indicating a being or bringing together of several objects) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm (“beside, by, near, with”)) + sistō (“to cause to stand; to place, set”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *stísteh₂ti (“to be standing up; to be getting up”), from the root *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”)).

der

When we ask whether ideas or terms are consistent or inconsistent with each other, the question really is, in what manner the relation presupposed between the ideas qualifies them for being combined as terms of a judgment.

1857, William Spalding, “Introduction”, in An Introduction to Logical Science: Being a Reprint of the Article “Logic” from the Eighth Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, chapter II (The Function and Axioms of Logical Science), paragraph 12(2), pages 22–23:

Part of establishing a foundation for geometry was demonstrating that the axioms were consistent – that they could never lead to contradictions.

2008, Charles Petzold, “Centuries of Progress”, in The Annotated Turing: A Guided Tour through Alan Turing’s Historic Paper on Computability and the Turing Machine, Indianapolis, Ind.: Wiley Publishing, →ISBN, page 39:

(logic) Of a set of statements: such that no contradiction logically follows from them.


amour

en-noun

amour (countable and uncountable, plural amours)

Inherited from Middle English amour, from Middle French amour, from Old French amor, from Latin amor.
The modern pronunciation is due to continual French influence; the expected development would be /ˈæmə(ɹ)/, as seen in enamour, enamoured.

Jones had mentioned the Fact of his Amour, and of his being the Rival of Blifil, but had cautiously concealed the Name of the young Lady.

1749, Henry Fielding, “A Dialogue between Mr. Jones and the Barber”, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume III, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book VIII, page 180:

The amours of the greater scaup are, if anything, even more varied.

1990 October 26, Jerry Sullivan, “Field & Street”, in Chicago Reader:


apodosis

Learned borrowing from Late Latin apodosis, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀπόδοσις (apódosis).

lbor

Coordinate term: protasis

In "I will be coming if this weather holds up", "I will be coming" is the apodosis and "this weather holds up" is the protasis.

1943 Dornford Yates An Eye for a Tooth
"If, after that, there is anything more to be done. . ."
"Yes?"
"You’d ----well better do it," said Forecast.
The meaning with which he invested this blunt apodosis was unmistakable. Even I, an eavesdropper, found it most sinister: and I was not surprised when, after a little silence, the other turned on his heel and led the way to the road.

1997 Angeliki Athanasiadou, René Dirven (eds) On Conditionals Again p. 309 by Hansjakob Seiler
There is furthermore the claim that conditionals necessarily involve a causal relation from protasis to apodosis. This may hold for the "conjunctive" types signalling a natural consequence from protasis to apodosis, but becomes increasingly unlikely as we approach disjunctive structures of the type. "May I perish most miserably, if I do not love Xanthia." does not mean "May I perish most miserably, because I do not love Xanthia."

(logic, grammar) The consequential clause in a conditional sentence.

جَوَابُ الشَّرْط

the consequential clause in a conditional sentence


vicious circle

(logic) A fallacy in which the premise is used to prove a conclusion which is then used to prove the premise.


theorem

/ˈθiː.ə.ɹəm/

From Middle French théorème, from Late Latin theōrēma, from Ancient Greek θεώρημα (theṓrēma, “speculation, proposition to be proved”) (Euclid), from θεωρέω (theōréō, “I look at, view, consider, examine”), from θεωρός (theōrós, “spectator”), from θέα (théa, “a view”) + ὁράω (horáō, “I see, look”). See also theory, and theater.

der

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class IV § 454. Topic

(logic) A syntactically correct expression that is deducible from the given axioms of a deductive system.


utilitarian

en-adj

utilitarian (comparative more utilitarian, superlative most utilitarian)

more utilitarian (comparative)
most utilitarian (superlative)

General American, Mary–marry–merry merger

From utility + -arian. Coined by English philosopher Jeremy Bentham as early as 1781, and popularized by his student John Stuart Mill, who mistakenly attributed the term to John Galt.


inconsistency

en-noun

inconsistency (countable and uncountable, plural inconsistencies)

(logic) An incompatibility between two propositions that cannot both be true.


paramour

/ˈpæ.ɹə.mʊə/

/ˈpæ.ɹə.mɔː/

From Middle English paramour, paramoure, peramour, paramur, from Old French par amor (“for love's sake”). The modern pronunciation is apparently an Early Modern English readaptation of the French.

to run away with a paramour

The seducer appeared with dauntless front, accompanied by his paramour.

1848, Thomas Maucalay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second:

They should be chaste, not lustful, nor taking paramours:

1934, Yusuf Ali, transl., The Holy Qur'an: Text, Translation and Commentary, surah 4, verse 25:

The action scenes are deafening and punchily staged by director Louis Letterier (The Transporter), though I wish he’d set more time aside to spend with Nobby, his paramour Dawn (Rebel Wilson), their shaven-headed brood, and friends

2016 February 23, Robbie Collin, “Grimsby review: ' Sacha Baron Cohen's vital, venomous action movie'”, in The Daily Telegraph (London):

(somewhat archaic) An illicit lover, either male or female.

(obsolete) The Virgin Mary or Jesus Christ (when addressed by a person of the opposite sex).


paramour

en-verb

paramour (third-person singular simple present paramours, present participle paramouring, simple past and past participle paramoured)

paramours (present singular third-person)
paramouring (participle present)
paramoured (participle past)
paramoured (past)

/ˈpæ.ɹə.mʊə/

/ˈpæ.ɹə.mɔː/

The paramouring matron left / A babe and husband both bereft;

1842, John de Jean Fraser, The Stranger in His Native Place:

This meant it could even call in "third party 'paramours'" and tell them to quit their paramouring.

2011, Joanna L. Grossman, Lawrence M. Friedman, Inside the Castle, Princeton University Press, →ISBN:

To go with a paramour; to have an affair.


paramour

/ˈpæ.ɹə.mʊə/

/ˈpæ.ɹə.mɔː/

(obsolete, of loving, etc.) Passionately, out of sexual desire.