necessarianism

Scholars working on Joseph Priestley have begun to take a proper measure of his philosophical position, known as “necessarianism,” a psychological determinism based on the teachings of the midcentury physician and theologian David Hartley—with, in Priestley′s own case, the addition of materialism. To its enemies, necessarianism seemed rank fatalism, but its adherents found that it both explained the evils about them and offered a sovereign remedy (generally through one or another variety of education) to resolve them and bring mankind to perfection.

1995, Denis G. Paz, Nineteenth-Century English Religious Traditions: Retrospect and Prospect, page 106:

While not acceptable to all Unitarians, the philosophical determinism known as Necessarianism, identified with Hartley and Priestley, also proved persuasive to many, both ministers and laymen.

2000, R. K. Webb, “6: Miracles in English Unitarian Thought”, in Mark S. Micale, Robert L. Dietle, editors, Enlightenment, Passion, Modernity: Historical Essays in European Thought and Culture, page 114:

To cut a long story short, this led to the emergence of a new form of necessarianism. People are conditioned to behave as they do, so freedom is an illusion. This form of necessarianism may be called ‘behaviourist necessarianism’.

2001, Alexander Crombie, An Essay on Philosophical Necessity, page number not shown:

(philosophy, metaphysics, theology) An extreme form of determinism that holds that all phenomena, including the will, are subject to immutable rules of cause and effect; necessitarianism.


moral compass

From moral (“of or relating to principles of right and wrong in behaviour; conforming to a standard of right behaviour”) + compass (“device used to determine the cardinal directions”), from the fact that a compass indicates various directions on its face (sense 3), and enables its user to find the correct direction to go in (sense 1).

compound

To every sane man in all climes and ages the great Creator has given a moral compass to enable him to avoid the wrong and follow the right. This moral compass we call conscience.

1865 August, “Scripture Cabinet: The Office of Temptation”, in I[saac] W[illiam] Wiley, editor, The Ladies’ Repository: A Monthly Periodical, Devoted to Literature and Religion, volume XXV, Cincinnati, Oh.: Poe & Hitchcock; […], →OCLC, page 504, column 1:

He steered by the guidance of his own peculiar moral compass, regardless of the rough waters through which it led him.

1908, Alice Hegan Rice, chapter VII, in Mr. Opp, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC, page 81:

They hustle and scheme without moral compass, trying to survive by making accommodations that are at best temporary, more often delusional.

1994 November 20, Vincent Canby, “Arts: Sam Shepard Goes to the Races and Wins”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-26:

I think he did absolutely the right thing, because according to his own personal moral compass, interfering with someone else's marriage was a sin.

2010, Anne Tyler, “A Conversation with Anne Tyler”, in Noah’s Compass […] (A Borzoi Book), trade paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A[braham] Knopf, →ISBN, page 285:

An inner sense which distinguishes what is right from what is wrong, functioning as a guide for morally appropriate behaviour.


tableness

When Plato spoke of tableness and cupness, Diogenes the Cynic said: 'I see a table and a cup, to be sure, but not tableness and cupness.' 'Right,' answered Plato; 'for you have eyes wherewith to see the table and the cup, but mind, by which one sees tableness and cupness, you have not (νου̑ν οὐκ ἔχεις).'

1894, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, “First Period, Third Division: Plato and Aristotle”, in E[lizabeth] S[anderson] Haldane, Frances H[elen] Simson, transl., Lectures on the History of Philosophy […], volume II, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., […], →OCLC, page 29:

[…] implies a philosophical distinction between bookness and tableness. There is no more requirement to show why an experience cannot be a brain-state than there is to show why a book cannot be a table.

1969, Gerald Eugene Myers, Self: An Introduction to Philosophical Psychology, page 47:

The exceedingly dry joke is that it is not a small table but a small amount of what might be called tableness.

2009 June 12, Ken Johnson, “Close Encounters With Tableness and Chairness”, in The New York Times:

(philosophy) The quality of being a table.


universal value

en-noun

universal value (plural universal values)

(philosophy) A value that has the same value or worth for all, or almost all, people.

普世價值

a value considered common for all or almost all mankind


Arendtian

en-adj

Arendtian (comparative more Arendtian, superlative most Arendtian)

more Arendtian (comparative)
most Arendtian (superlative)

(philosophy) Of or pertaining to Hannah Arendt (1906–1975), German-American political theorist.

arendtiano

of or pertaining to Hannah Arendt (1906–1975), German-American political theorist


definite clause

en-noun

definite clause (plural definite clauses)

The clauses #x5C;negp#x5C;veeq, #x5C;negp#x5C;vee#x5C;negq#x5C;veer, and #x5C;negp#x5C;vee#x5C;negq#x5C;vee#x5C;negr#x5C;vees are examples of definite clauses. At least in classical logic these would be equivalent to the formulae p#x5C;rightarrowq, (p#x5C;wedgeq)#x5C;rightarrowr, and (p#x5C;wedgeq#x5C;wedger)#x5C;rightarrows, respectively.

(logic) A Horn clause with exactly one positive literal.


antimetaphysical

en-adj

antimetaphysical (comparative more antimetaphysical, superlative most antimetaphysical)

more antimetaphysical (comparative)
most antimetaphysical (superlative)

There are, I contend, a number of reasons why Goddess feminists may be considered to be antimetaphysical in their attitude to the world[…]

2007, Paul Reid-Bowen, Goddess as nature: towards a philosophical thealogy, page 42:

(philosophy) Opposed to the classical Greek or religious metaphysics.


Horn clause

Named after American logician Alfred Horn (1918–2001).

named-after

(logic) A clause (disjunction of literals) with at most one positive literal.


antirationalism

(philosophy) The philosophical position that opposes rationalism.


cognitive relativism

Cognitive relativism, as it is presented in the Fables, is simply a recognition that knowledge is dependent on the conditions and the instruments of knowing, some of which are more reliable than others. La Fontaine's approach to cognitive relativism is descriptive and monitory.

1996, Catherine Grisé, The Optics of Relativism in the Fables of La Fontaine, in Anne Lynn Birberick (editor), Refiguring la Fontaine: Tercentenary Studies, page 127

Our main thesis is that cognitive relativism is a position that no scientist (in either the natural or the social sciences) should wish to embrace, and that methodological relativism makes sense only if one adheres to cognitive relativism.

2001, Jean Bricmont, Alan Sokal, “Chapter 3: Science and Sociology of Science: Beyond War and Peace”, in Jay A. Labinger, Harry M. Collins, editors, One Culture?: A Conversation about Science, page 38:

Whereas moral relativism deals with matters of value, cognitive relativism deals with matters of fact (although sharp distinctions may at times be difficult to make) (Hollis and Lukes 1982, p. 2).

2003, Shelby D. Hunt, Controversy in Marketing Theory: For Reason, Realism, Truth, and Objectivity, page 102:

(philosophy, sociology) The view that the cognitive styles or habits of perception, reasoning, judgment, and knowledge of the world are not absolute, but are relative to historical eras and to various cultures.


antirationalist

en-adj

antirationalist (comparative more antirationalist, superlative most antirationalist)

more antirationalist (comparative)
most antirationalist (superlative)

(philosophy) Opposing philosophical rationalism.


antirationalist

(philosophy) One who rejects philosophical rationalism.

antirracionalista

one who rejects philosophical rationalism


constructive logic

en-noun

constructive logic (countable and uncountable, plural constructive logics)

(logic) Any kind of logic in which any proof of existence can be converted into an algorithm that constructs the mathematical object which it claims to exist.


formation rule

(logic) Any of a set of rules used to construct well-formed formulas of a formal language.


inference rule

(logic, proof theory) A rule for combining (or modifying) well-formed formulas of a formal language in a truth-preserving manner (to yield new well-formed formulas).


prime formula

prime formula (plural prime formulas or prime formulae)

prime formulas (plural)
prime formulae (plural)

(logic) A well-formed formula which has not been made by combining simpler well-formed formulas by means of logical connectives.

peruslause

well-formed formula that is not combined from other, simpler formulas


logical connective

logical connective (plural logical connectives)

material implication
material implication

(logic) A truth-valued function such as (the usual suspects): conjunction, disjunction, negation, and material implication.


Zaqqum

(Islam) A tree that grows in Jahannam (Hell), whose dwellers are compelled to eat the bitter fruit.


dysteleology

(philosophy) The view that existence has no telos or final cause from purposeful design.


period play

Sexual intercourse
sexual intercourse#English


Homoousion

/hɒməʊˈuːzɪɒn/

From ecclesiastical Koine Greek ὁμοούσιον (homooúsion), neuter of ὁμοούσιος (homooúsios), formed by combining ὁμός (homós, “same”) and οὐσία (ousía, “being”) with the adjectival morpheme -ῐος (-ios).

The campaign to get rid of the Homoousion from Christian credal statements split the Church in the empire for another half-century and more.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 215:

(theology) The inclusion of the term ὁμοούσιος (homooúsios, “of one essence”) in the Nicene Creed to describe the principle that the Son is ‘of one substance’ with the Father (as opposed to the Homoiousion).


theopaschism

This central statement of a theological movement known as ‘Theopaschism’ was controversial even among Miaphysites, causing major divisions in their ranks […]

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 239:

(theology) The doctrine that a god can suffer.


Homoean

en-adj

Homoean (comparative more Homoean, superlative most Homoean)

more Homoean (comparative)
most Homoean (superlative)

From Latin homoeus, from Ancient Greek ὅμοιος (hómoios, “like, similar”), + -an.

der

Maybe the Homoean formula of Ariminum would have succeeded in uniting the Church if Constantius had not unexpectedly died in his mid-forties in 361.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 216:

(theology) Pertaining to the belief established in the fourth century as a middle ground between the homoousian and homoiousian positions, contending merely that the Father is ‘like’ the Son.


Dyophysite

/dʌɪˈɒfəzʌɪt/

From ecclesiastical Ancient Greek δυοφυσῖται (duophusîtai), from δύο (dúo, “two”) + φύσις (phúsis, “nature”).

Monasteries among the Dyophysites were strengthened through the military success of the Sassanian Shah Khusrau II in areas of the Byzantine Empire along the eastern Mediterranean.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 247:

(theology) Someone who believes in the doctrine that there are ‘two natures’, human and divine, in Christ.

երկաբնակ

someone who believes in the doctrine that there are ‘two natures’, human and divine, in Christ


existential instantiation

en-noun

existential instantiation (plural existential instantiations)

(logic) In predicate logic, an inference rule of the form ∃x P(x) ⊢ P(c), where c is a new symbol (not part of the original domain of discourse, but which can stand for an element of it (as in Skolemization)).


conditional proof

conditional proof (plural conditional proofs)

A conditional proof corresponds to the application of what Douglas Hofstadter calls the "Fantasy Rule" in his masterwork "GEB:EGB". Surprisingly, the theory of propositional calculus which he develops in GEB:EGB employs several inference rules but no axioms: the need for any axioms is done away with through application of the Fantasy Rule.

(logic) A proof showing that if an assumption A is true then a consequent statement or conclusion B must also be true, i.e. B is true on the condition that A is true.


deduction theorem

deduction theorem (plural deduction theorems)

The deduction theorem reveals the relationship between logical entailment and material implication: it allows to one to "pack" or "record" an inference into a tautology, and conversely, to "unpack" or "play back" a tautology as an inference process.

(logic) A procedure for "discharging" assumptions from an inference, causing them to become antecedents of the conclusion; or vice versa. Symbolically, the conversion of an inference of the form P,A⊢C to an inference of the form P⊢A→C or vice versa, where ⊢ is the turnstile symbol. The validity of the procedure is a metatheorem of the given logical theory.


ectype

If my account is correct, both archetypes and ectypes are 'real' insofar as they are composed of ideas of sensation. But I draw a distinction that Johnson does not acknowledge, viz., a distinction between ontological and epistemic ectypes.

2001, Hermathena: A Trinity College Dublin Review, numbers 170-172, page 30:

The painting traces itself from itself by suddenly appearing in these ectypes. But the ectypes only mark the final accomplishment of this sudden appearance.

2004, Jean-Luc Marion, translated by James K. A. Smith, The Crossing of the Visible, page 38:

It is likely that little attention has been paid to the archetype/ectype relationship in Kant scholarship in the English speaking world partly as a result of inconsistent translations of the German terms “Urbild” and “Nachbild” that make it difficult to even notice the relationship.

2008, Ryan L. Showler, Archetypal and Ectypal Ideals in Kant's Practical Philosophy, page 51:

(philosophy) A copy, reproduction; especially as contrasted with the original, archetype, or prototype.


Lucretius

From Latin Lucretius, name of a patrician and plebeian Roman gens, possibly from lucrum (“profit”).

A male given name from Latin of mostly historical use in English.


rhizomatic

(philosophy) Employing rhizomes; not arborescent; spreading without a traditional hierarchy.


consensus theorem

(logic) The following theorem of Boolean algebra: XY+X'Z+YZ=XY+X'Z where YZ, the algebraically redundant term, is called the "consensus term", or its dual form (X+Y)(X'+Z)(Y+Z)=(X+Y)(X'+Z), in which case Y+Z is the consensus term. (Note: X+Y,X'+Z⊢Y+Z is an example of the resolution inference rule (replacing the + with ∨ and the prime with prefix ¬ might make this more evident).)


rigorist

From rigour, or its source, Latin rigor, + -ist.

These rigorists wanted to borrow Old Testament exclusions from participation in the Temple liturgy and apply them to pregnant women and the sexual relations of married couples.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 338:

Someone who takes the strictest interpretation of a law, religious injunction etc.


filioque

Another issue was the promotion of that troublesome addition to the Nicene Creed, the Filioque or double procession in the Trinity of the Spirit from Father and Son, which had taken its cue from Augustine's writing on the Trinity.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 350:

The Second Council of Lyon […] only succeeded in confirming and defining a key item of Catholic theology, the filioque, which has barred the way to reconciliation ever since.

2011, Norman Davies, Vanished Kingdoms, Penguin, published 2012, page 126:

(theology) The use of the Latin word filioque (“and from the son”) in the Western form of the Nicene Creed, to indicate that the Holy Spirit proceeds from both the Father and the Son (as opposed to the Eastern churches which believe the Spirit proceeds from the Father alone).


slashy

en-adj

slashy (comparative slashier, superlative slashiest)

slashier (comparative)
slashiest (superlative)

It was the first slashy story published after the threats to expose slash to the producers and actors in Starsky and Hutch.

2001, Kelly Simca Boyd, "'One Index Finger On The Mouse Scroll And The Other On My Clit': Slash Writers' Views On Pornography, Censorship, Feminism and Risk", thesis submitted to Simon Fraser University, page 156

One amazing claim to fame, though, is that very soon after this collating party at my house, Roberta published her slashy/raunchy stories in a fanzine that was called, I think, GRIP (a sendup of zines Grope and Grup) […]

2013, Jacqueline Lichtenberg, “Recollections of a Collating Party”, in Anne Jamison, editor, Fic: Why Fanfiction Is Taking Over the World, page 92:

As this vidder's website modestly states: "I think of this vid as my proof of how slashy these shows are. […]

2014, Kathryn Hill, “'Easy to Associate Angsty Lyrics with Buffy': An Introduction to a Participatory Fan Culture: Buffy the Vampire Slayer Vidders, Popular Music and the Internet”, in Mary Kirby-Diaz, editor, Buffy and Angel Conquer the Internet: Essays on Online Fandom, page 182:

(fandom slang) Characteristic of or related to slash fiction.


theosis

/θiːˈəʊ.sɪs/

Borrowed from Latin theōsis, from Ancient Greek θέωσις (théōsis).

For him, theosis or deification was the destination for human salvation, whose attainment Adam’s sin in Eden had imperilled but not rendered impossible;[…]

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years, Viking Press, →ISBN, page 440:

The likeness to or union with God; deification.


kenotic

Linked to the kenotic concept of innocence and denial of self-esteem was the new popularity which from very early on an old genre of Eastern saint enjoyed in the Christianity of Kievan Rus’, and which has endured into modern Russian Orthodoxy: the Holy Fool.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 509:


sobornost

Some post-Soviet writers see sobornost’ as a – if not the – defining element in giving distinctiveness to Russian civilization.

2004, James H Billington, Russia in Search of Itself, page 146:

Sobornost signifies the essentially extrapersonal (supra-personal) and a-temporal nature of aesthetic consciousness.

2007, Paul Haffner, Mystery of the Church, page 132:

Key to his thought was a concept which has become central to modern Russian Orthodox thinking, Sobornost’, the proposition that freedom is inseparable from unity, communion or community.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 851:

(philosophy, theology) A unity of people in loving fellowship.


penal substitution

As part of that literal reading, concentrating on a line of thought on salvation pursued by St Paul, came the penal substitution theory, and Fundamentalists rightly concluded that these were the aspects of Christianity most vulnerable to attack from nineteenth-century intellectual developments.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 863:

(theology) The theory of atonement which holds that Jesus died on the Cross in place of human sinners.


Voltairism

en-noun

Voltairism (usually uncountable, plural Voltairisms)

(philosophy) The theories or practice of Voltaire.


obligable

en-adj

obligable (comparative more obligable, superlative most obligable)

more obligable (comparative)
most obligable (superlative)

/ˈɒblɪɡəbəl/

(philosophy) Such that a person is obliged to do it; mandatory.


Protagoras

From Ancient Greek Πρωταγόρας (Prōtagóras).

man is the measure of all things
man is the measure of all things

A pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, who famously said "man is the measure of all things".


minjung

From Korean 민중(民衆) (minjung), from Middle Chinese 民眾 (MC mjin tsyuwngH, “common people, the masses”). Compare Mandarin 民眾／民众 (mínzhòng).

ltc-l

The minjung have learned to dream of a world from which oppression, conflict and suffering have been removed; a world where they are no longer the ruled, but the rulers of their own lives and destinies, and the subjects of their own history.

1996, Sang Taek Lee, Religion and Social Formation in Korea, page 171:

Therefore the theologians' main concern was not dealing with individual poor people but rather to do with social process and the system which prevents the minjung from coming out of their misery.

2008, Sebastian CH Kim, Christian Theology in Asia, page 140:

Jesus was minjung and the friend of the minjung, teaching forgiveness and love of enemies, but Moses was also minjung, political leader of his people against oppression.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin 2010, page 978:

(politics, theology) In South Korea, peasants or working-class people.


moonling

From moon + -ling. Compare moon-related origins of lunacy and lunatic.

The sky was not quite as blue as her—Thunderation, he was no moonling!

2011, Barbara Metzger, A Suspicious Affair:

Remaining there long enough to hear Those words that moonling longs to hear...I love you

2013, Zara Borthwick, Nicholas Arnold, Wonderful, page 55:

Here he was, reputed to be a rake among rakes, but he discovered, where Thea was concerned, he was as vulnerable and uncertain as the greenest moonling in love for the first time.

2017, Shirlee Busbee, Swear by Moonlight:

(archaic or poetic) One who is lovesick; one who moons over a beloved.

A shy moonling hangs on the suit of an astronaut and is taken back to earth.

1981, Ruth Beall Heinig, Lyda Stillwell, Creative Drama for the Classroom Teacher, page 248:

For a given walking speed, will an earthling astronaut or a moonling do less, equal, or more work when taking a stroll on the Moon, and by what factor?

2010, Michael M. Domach, Introduction to Biomedical Engineering, page 204:

This, together with the 'balloon manufactured entirely of dirty newspaper' in which the dwarf/moonling descends at the tale's opening, points to some self-referential satire on behalf of Poe, a newspaperman himself.

2016, Adam Roberts, The History of Science Fiction, page 142:

(science fiction) Someone from the Moon.


postgender

Contributors to Posthuman Bodies, edited by Judith Halberstam and Ira Livingston, offer futuristic looks at "queers," trans-genders, postgenders, and automated teller machines,

2001, Joseph Slade, Pornography and sexual representation: a reference guide, volume 2, page 373:

Similarly, there will be all sorts of individuals among trans-people too: we are not represented by transsexuals only, there are transvestites, transgenders, genderblenders, postgenders etc. in our midst.

2001, Jan Wickman, Transgender politics: the construction and deconstruction of binary gender in the Finnish transgender community, page 204:

(rare) A person who is postgender, who is not (any longer) gendered, or who does not (any longer) identify as gendered.


isagogics

(theology) That part of theological science directly preliminary to actual exegesis, or interpretation of Scripture.


unipersonalist

(theology) One who believes in a unipersonal deity.


collectional

Such quantifiers are characterized as dispensive(or distributive), and are distinguished from collective reference (e.g. "All S, taken together, are P") and collectional reference (e.g. "All S, separately but simultaneously, are P").

The aggregation relationship appears like a family of four different kinds of relationships. We note Aₑ the set relationship, Aₛ the segmentational one, A_f the functional one, and A_c, the collectional one.

1996, John E.E. Sharpe, AI System Support for Conceptual Design, page 324:

For an infinite of finite order multiplied into itself gives a higher order. That is not the case with collectional infinities. On the contrary, each is the exponential of the preceding.

2022, Stetson J. Robinson, The Correspondence of Charles S. Peirce and the Open Court Publishing Company, 1890–1913, page 493:

(logic) Pertaining to all elements of a collection simultaneously, rather than to the individual elements of the collection or to the collection as a whole.


vacuist

(philosophy) A believer in vacuism; someone who holds the doctrine that there is a vacuum in the space between the bodies of the universe, or the molecules and atoms of matter.

vacuista

One who holds the doctrine that the space between the bodies of the universe, or the molecules and atoms of matter, is a vacuum


ghostology

en-noun

ghostology (usually uncountable, plural ghostologies)

/ɡəʊsˈtɒləd͡ʒi/

[…] it seemed even more unaccountable than if it had been a thing of ghostology and witchcraft.

1872, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Septimius Felton; or, the Elixir of Life:

This, as all students of ghostology are aware, has frequently been the case; and it was precisely the case with the ghost seen by the famous Lord Brougham, […]

1908, H. Addington Bruce, “The Ghost Seen by Lord Brougham”, in Historic Ghosts and Ghost Hunters:

Experts in ghostology know exactly, where ghosts live, how they behave, how to deal with them, how to make them appear and disappear.

1957, William L. Fischer, Critical Notes on Evolution, page 30:

The knowledge, or study of ghosts or spirits; the science of the supernatural; spiritism.


epichirema

epichirema (plural epichiremas or epichiremata)

epichiremas (plural)
epichiremata (plural)

Borrowed from Latin, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ἐπιχείρημα (epikheírēma).

(rhetoric, logic) A syllogism in which the proof of the major or minor premise, or both, is introduced with the premises themselves, and the conclusion is derived in the ordinary manner.


prosyllogism

(logic) A syllogism that is preliminary or logically essential to another syllogism.

(logic) The conclusion of such a syllogism, which becomes a premise of the following syllogism.


identism

(philosophy) The doctrine that states of the mind and states of the brain are identical.


Milesian

Borrowed from Middle French Milesien, and its source Latin Mīlēsius, from Ancient Greek Μιλήσιος (Milḗsios).

a follower of the Milesian school of philosophy founded by Thales


obversion

obversion (countable and uncountable, plural obversions)

All men are mortal, so, by obversion, no men are immortal.

From 'warmth is agreeable' we can affirm, by formal obversion, 'warmth is not disagreeable, and not indifferent.' We cannot affirm, without an examination of the subject matter, 'cold is disagreeable.'

(logic) An immediate inference that denies the opposite of something previously affirmed.


Vedantist

(philosophy) Someone versed in the doctrines of the Vedanta.


percipiendum

(philosophy) That which is to be perceived.


incomplex

en-adj

incomplex (comparative more incomplex, superlative most incomplex)

more incomplex (comparative)
most incomplex (superlative)

And as the Ear is in Birds the most simple and incomplex of any Animals Ear; so we may from it make an easy and rational Judgment how Hearing is performed […]

1742, William Derham, Physico-theology; Or, A Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God, from His Works of Creation:

[…] for otherwise, it is unintelligible how any incomplex thing, as they speak, can be the complete or immediate object of belief.

1831, Isaac Barrow, “Sermon IV. Of Justifying Faith”, in The Works of Dr. Isaac Barrow: Sermons on the Apostles' creed:

There are two kinds of simple apprehension, incomplex and complex. This appears to us very much like saying, there are two kinds of raspberry tart, raspberry and raspberry and red current tart; simple incomplex being faintly tautologous, and simple complex hopelessly bewildering.

1853, Ignoratio Elenchi, A Treatise on Logic, Not Exactly on the Basis of Aldrich, page 2:

The number which expresses units only is called a whole, a simple, or an incomplex number. That which expresses units and parts of units taken together, is called a fractionary, a compound, or a complex number.

1861, Bewich Bridge, “On the different kinds of numbers”, in An elementary treatise on algebra, page 125:

And from this difference there follow all others which are usually said, such as that the what of the name may be of complex non-beings, by accidental, common, or extraneous characteristics; while the what of the thing is of an incomplex being known properly and essentially.

2010, Joshua P. Hochschild, The Semantics of Analogy: Rereading Cajetan's De Nominum Analogia:

For Ockham, all acts are either incomplex or complex. Incomplex acts of the intellect are for instance acts of intuitive cognition, that is, of intellectually grasping particular things in their very presence or acts of merely tokening concepts, whereas an act of entertaining a thought that p or an act of judging that p are complex.

2018, Jenny Pelletier, Magali Roques, editors, The Language of Thought in Late Medieval Philosophy:

(especially philosophy) Not complex; simple.


incomplex

The source of Duns's error is to regard virtual knowledge as the property of something simple, so that knowledge of one incomplex can engender knowledge of another incomplex.

1975, Gordon Leff, William of Ockham: The Metamorphosis of Scholastic Discourse:

For a question may concern either incomplexes or complexes. If it concerns incomplexes, one first asks whether some incomplex is—and this is the whether-question—and then what it is—and this is the what-question.

2012, Gabriele Galluzzo, The Medieval Reception of Book Zeta of Aristotle’s Metaphysics:

(philosophy) An item or thing, as opposed to a relationship between items.


inconcludent

inconcludent (comparative more inconcludent, superlative most inconcludent)

more inconcludent (comparative)
most inconcludent (superlative)

But it is wrong to say that these propositions can be deduced from, or proved by, the premisses associated with them, and that the "clearest sign" that the pair is inconcludent is the fact that "the conclusions deduced from them destroy one another": the conclusion simply cannot be 'inferred' from the given propositions —and in any case they do not contradict one another since they are about different terms.

2013, G. Patzig, Aristotle’s Theory of the Syllogism, page 175:


not-self

a cognizance of not-self

1859–1860, William Hamilton, edited by H[enry] L[ongueville] Mansel and John Veitch, Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC:

(metaphysics) The negative of self, someone or something that is not the self


lactophilia

(paraphilia) a sexual fetish for lactating breasts and breastfeeding


unigeniture

/ˌjuːnɪˈd͡ʒɛnɪtjʊə/

/ˌjuːnɪˈd͡ʒɛnɪtʃə/

/ˌjunɪˈd͡ʒɛnɪt͡ʃɚ/

From Latin unigenitus (“only-begotten”), from unus (“one”) + genitum (“to beget”).

1868, Rev. J. Gorle, An Analysis of Pearson on the Creed
Though therefore Christ be the only-begotten and the beloved Son of God, we must not regard these two attributes as equivalent in meaning, but as one depending on the other, the singular love on the unigeniture.

(theology) The state of being the sole begotten.


cerebralism

en-noun

cerebralism (usually uncountable, plural cerebralisms)

(philosophy, uncountable) The doctrine that non-physical phenomena are functions or products of the brain only.


sublineation

sublineation (usually uncountable, plural sublineations)

Philosophy interested him, and I found my own education improving with Socrates' as he led me deeper and deeper into mazes of idealism, epistemology and sublineation.

1954, Judith Merril, Selections from Beyond Human Ken, page 182:

(philosophy) A branch of philosophy concerned with understanding of language.


femslash

The demographics of femslash are a little more complicated than regular slash; stories are written by straight and lesbian women and sometimes straight men.

2005, Phyllis M. Japp, Mark Meister, Debra K. Japp, Communication Ethics, Media & Popular Culture, page 178:

One of the driving forces behind slash and femslash is the pervading heterosexism of commercial media – if television will not give us the due proportion of same-sex eroticism we are entitled to expect, then we will make it for ourselves.

2010, Stacey Abbott, The Cult TV Book, page 245:

The point of slash is that the orientation of one or more canonical characters is changed, which is why slashing is strongest in fandoms where the source parades heteronormativity or machismo. Kirk/Spock, Bodie/Doyle, Aragorn/Boromir, Darcy/Bingley and Harry/Snape stories all slash their canons, but a story featuring, say, Sebastian Flyte and Anthony Blanche in bed would not be slash, nor would a relationship between two lesbian characters in The L Word qualify as femslash.

2013, John Lennard, London Review of Books, letter, vol. 35, no. 6:

(fandom slang) Slash fiction that focuses on romantic and/or sexual relationships between female characters.


Newton's flaming laser sword

Named after Isaac Newton. Coined by Australian mathematician and philosopher Mike Alder in 2004 in an article of the same title, to be hyperbolically “much sharper and more dangerous than Occam's Razor”.

coinage

Coordinate term: Occam's razor

Mathematicians and scientists feel that they have found a more difficult but much more satisfying game to play. Newton's Flaming Laser Sword is one of the rules of that game.

2004, Mike Alder, “Newton's Flaming Laser Sword, Or: Why Mathematicians and Scientists don't like Philosophy but do it anyway”, in Philosophy now, volume 46, archived from the original on 2011-11-14, pages 29–32:

Also, I invoke Newton's Flaming Laser Sword on this thread.

2010 October 25, "Valhallen", “Re: The meaning of the universe explained by Jesus”, in Snafu Comics, retrieved 2011-12-05:

I prefer to be anti-religion and live by Newton's flaming laser sword, Occam's Razor and Hanlon's Razor.

2011 January 5, "Arkhanno", “Re: Atheists don't know how to reason”, in I Wanna Be The Forums, retrieved 2011-12-05:

What is the actual point of adding in God to your equation if it is a^([sic]) unknown domain? So, we remove such variables using the Newton's Flaming Laser Sword.

2011 January 8, "Azwraith", “Atheism - Belief? Religion? (comment)”, in Minegarde, retrieved 2011-12-05:

Just demanding there is nothing you can do, because the flashy light told you so is grounds for Newton's Flaming Laser Sword.

2011 July 19, "Drastic", “Thought Experiment Regarding Morality (comment)”, in That Guy With the Glasses, retrieved 2011-12-05:

Put as much math as you want to it, and it's still a philosophical statement... to which I say that Newton's Flaming Laser Sword is the best response: "what cannot be settled by experiment is not worth debating".

2011 September 12, "Decivre", “Open thread on Episode #726 (comment)”, in The Atheist Experience, retrieved 2011-12-05:

(philosophy) A philosophical razor which states that what cannot be settled by experiment is not worth debating.


levelism

Reality can be studied at different levels, so forms of 'levelism' have often been advocated in the past. In the 1970s, levelism nicely doevetailed with the computational turn and became a standard approach both in science and philosophy.

2013, Luciano Floridi, The Philosophy of Information, page 47:

Epistemological levelism, based on levels of abstraction, endorses pluralism without falling into relativism or perspectivism, since "the explicit reference to the LoA makes it clear that the model of a system is a function of the available observables, and that it is reasonable to rank different LoAs and to compare and assess the corresponding models" (Floridi 2011a, 75; 2011b, 292).

2017, Massimo Durante, Ethics, Law and the Politics of Information, page 12:

There is the "levelism" of the rich repertoire of mathematical hierarchies, mainly the domain of the logician—in general, mathematicians like to be given a specific informational context to solve their puzzles within.

2017, Juliet Floyd, Alisa Bokulich, Philosophical Explorations of the Legacy of Alan Turing, page 247:

(philosophy) The use of different levels of abstraction in order to understand something.


reprobationer

Sanctifyed Reprobationers we abound with

1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London:

(theology) One who believes in reprobation.


Benthamism

(philosophy) The utilitarianist doctrines of Jeremy Bentham.


MAP

en-noun

MAP (countable and uncountable, plural MAPs)

minor-attracted person
minor-attracted person#English

(euphemistic) Initialism of minor-attracted person.


trivialism

trivialism (countable and uncountable, plural trivialisms)

If it is possible for trivialism to be true, it may be false as well as true that all humans are mammals […]

2004, Graham Priest, J. C. Beall, Bradley Armour-Garb, The Law of Non-contradiction: New Philosophical Essays, page 252:

This charge of trivialism is also called the principle of explosion […]

2008, Peter Baofu, The future of post-human mathematical logic, page 97:

Trivialism is pretty hopeless as a philosophy, although it is very easy to defend/maintain verbally!

2012, Koji Tanaka, Francesco Berto, Edwin Mares, Paraconsistency: Logic and Applications, page 296:

(logic) The theory that every proposition and its negation is true.


immersionist

(theology) One who holds the doctrine that immersion is an essential part of Christian baptism.


immersionism

(theology) The doctrine that immersion is an essential part of Christian baptism.


intuitionalism

(philosophy) The doctrine that the perception or recognition of primary truth is intuitive, or direct and immediate.


Plato's Cave

Described by Plato in the Allegory of the Cave in the Republic.

(philosophy, epistemology) An allegorical cave whose unwitting, chained inhabitants perceive reality only in the form of shadow puppetry cast by the light of a man-made fire, lacking any awareness of the limitations of their perspective or its constructed nature.

Allegory of the Cave
Plato
Republic (Plato)


superdominant

en-adj

superdominant (comparative more superdominant, superlative most superdominant)

more superdominant (comparative)
most superdominant (superlative)

In decision-theoretical tenns, therefore, to believe in God is superdominant over disbelieving.

2009, Peter Hedström, Peter Bearman, The Oxford Handbook of Analytical Sociology, →ISBN:

(decision theory) Comprising the winning strategy in all cases.


metamorphist

I would you did but see what I have seene in these Conntries, as concerning the deadly hatreds, contentions & differensions of Luther has of-fspring: as of the Muntzerans, Anabaptists, Adamists, […] Metamorphists, Iudaists, Neutersacramentaries, Image-breakers, […], & of such like: al which have sucked their errours out of the dregges of Luthers doctrine, and yet forsooth will be found Protestants all.

1604, George Abbot, The Reasons which Doctour Hill Hath Brought for the Upholding of Papistry, page 97:

(Christianity, theology) One who believes that the body of Christ was merged into God when he ascended.

Concerning the progeny of the transfigured sinners, Muslim scholars split into two groups, which Cook figuratively designated as "creationists" and "metamorphists.” The former held that swine and monkeys were created in the form they exist today, whereas the latter believed that their contemporary apes and swine were the progeny of the transfigured sinners.

2022, Pavel Pavlovitch, Muslim al-Naysābūrī (d. 261/875): The Sceptical Traditionalist, page 121:

On the other hand, there was the metamorphist position that some species were not created at all; instead they were brought into existence through metamorphosis in later epochs, after which they enjoyed a biological fitness no less than that of created species.

2022, Michael Cook, Studies in the Origins of Early Islamic Culture and Tradition, page 54:

(Islam, theology) One who believes that some species were not part of the original creation but arose as the transformed souls of sinners.


pansensism

First attested in 1956; formed as pan- + sense + -ism. Compare omnisensuality and panæsthetism.

A clarification is needed at this point concerning Campanella’s doctrine of universal sensation or pansensism, which has a close relationship to his doctrine of self-consciousness.

(in the history of philosophy) The closely allied forms of panpsychism espoused by the Italian Renaissance philosophers Bernardino Telesio (1509–1588) and Tommaso Campanella (1568–1639), in which all things are capable of perception or sensation.


aeviternity

en-noun

aeviternity (countable and uncountable, plural aeviternities)

Learned borrowing from Latin aeviternus (“eternal, perpetual”) + English -ity (suffix forming nouns, especially abstract nouns), probably modelled after eternity. Aeviternus is derived from aevum (“infinite time; eternity, timelessness; undefined long period of time, age, era; generation, lifespan, lifetime; temporal mode of existence between time and eternity”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- (“age; eternity; life, vital force”)) + -rnus (suffix forming adjectives). Doublet of aevum and aye.

der

Further, if there is no before and after in æviternity, it follows that in æviternal things there is no difference between being, having been, or going to be. Since then it is impossible for æviternal things not to have been, it follows that it is impossible for them not to be in the future, which is false, since God can reduce them to nothing.

1923, Thomas Aquinas, “Question X: The Eternity of God (in Six Articles)”, in fathers of the English Dominican Province [pseudonym; Laurence Shapcote], Daniel J. Sullivan, transl., The Summa Theologica of Saint Thomas Aquinas (Great Books of the Western World), volume I, Chicago, Ill., London: William Benton; Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., →OCLC, page 44, column 2:

At the end of the world after the last judgment, time will cease and we will live like the angels in a state of aeviternity.

1994, Allan B. Wolter, “Duns Scotus, John (ca. 1266–1308)”, in edited by Samuel L. Macey, Encyclopedia of Time (Garland Reference Library of Social Science; 810), New York, N.Y., London: Garland Publishing, →ISBN, page 169, column 2:

"Aeviternity," the old man said in a matter-of-fact way, shrugging his shoulders. "You were in aeviternity." Seeing Jonah's puzzled look and knowing that his charge was not one to rest without the answers he sought, he continued, “… the realm of the angels and saints. What most people mean when they say eternity is actually aeviternity. You see, eternity is unchanging, without beginning or end. Only God is truly eternal.

2002, William [W.] Ferguson [III], chapter 16, in Jonah Christopher and the Last Chance Mass, Lincoln, Neb.: Writers Club Press, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 90:

(Scholastic philosophy) Synonym of aevum (“the temporal mode of existence between time and eternity, said to be experienced by angels, saints, and celestial bodies (which medieval astronomy believed to be unchanging)”)

eviternitat

temporal mode of existence between time and eternity, said to be experienced by angels, saints, and celestial bodies — see also aevum


straight as an arrow

(simile, by extension) Having no homosexual desires or thoughts; completely heterosexual.


biotics

That part of biotics which is a defense against suffering, and accordingly also ethics later on, has four divisions, in correspondence with those four sources of suffering: subhuman nature, man's own nature, his living together with fellow-men, and superhuman powers.

1960, Roland Houde, Joseph Patrick Michael Mullally, Philosophy of Knowledge: Selected Readings, page 16:

More broadly, communal biotics, or ethics, elevates diminution of suffering into a common goal, while culture is that aspect of communal biotics in which people share enjoyment.

1983, William M. Johnston, The Austrian Mind: An Intellectual and Social History, 1848-1938, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 200:

Such art of living, or biotics, practiced first instinctively and changing later into conscious maxims, is not yet ethics (just as that other part of biotics, with the positive aim of enjoyment, is not yet culture).

2012, Felix M. Cleve, The Giants of Pre-Sophistic Greek Philosophy, page xxxvi:

(ethics) The promotion of enjoyment and the reduction of suffering.


Scotist

[…] it should be remembered that their poets and rabbis of the middle ages were contemporary with the Scotists and Thomists, with the pseudo-platonism and peripateticism of Christendom.

1842, The Saint Petersburg English Review of Literature:

(theology) A follower of (Joannes) Duns Scotus, Franciscan scholar, who maintained certain doctrines in philosophy and theology in opposition to the Thomists.


episyllogism

(logic) A syllogism which assumes as one of its premises a proposition which was the conclusion of a preceding syllogism (the prosyllogism).


Neonomianism

(theology) The doctrine that the Gospel is a new law whose requirements are fulfilled by faith and repentance, most often associated with the theology of Richard Baxter (1615-1691).


metaknowledge

en-noun

metaknowledge (usually uncountable, plural metaknowledges)

/ˈmɛtəˌnɒlɪd͡ʒ/

Metaknowledge is knowledge about knowledge […] The hallmark of metaknowledge is its being a matter of knowing propositions in which one K[nowledge]-operator occurs within the scope of another. Knowledge about someone's ignorance thus counts as metaknowledge.

2005, Nicholas Rescher, Epistemic Logic: A Survey of the Logic of Knowledge, →ISBN, page 20 (Google preview):

(philosophy) Knowledge about knowledge itself (for example, epistemologic awareness).


analogist

The analogist does not think that a bee, a flower and a human are the same in body nor in soul, but presupposes that all of them are affected by processes that are not only external to them, but frame and enable their possibilities of daily experience.

2021, Andrew M. Davis, Maria-Teresa Teixeira, Wm. Andrew Schwartz, Process Cosmology: New Integrations in Science and Philosophy, page 118:

This kind of practice, together with its extension in Chinese cosmology to everything from bodily organs to emotions to animal kinds to colours to flavours to kin relations to positions in the overall social hierarchy, suggests for Descola that the world is perceived by analogists as fundamentally being made up of myriad ontological singularities, defined in terms of discontinuities on the level of both physicality and interiority.

2021, William Matthews, Cosmic Coherence, page 38:


analogist

en-adj

analogist (comparative more analogist, superlative most analogist)

more analogist (comparative)
most analogist (superlative)

This is what characterises his 'analogist' mode, and indeed, he takes China as a paradigmatic example of an analogist society,

The analogist disposition treats difference not just as a demagogic commitment to "democratic diversity," but as a true metaphysical condition of things that needs to be a relevant factor for any epistemically virtuous philosophy.


meet cute

Claudette Colbert
Ernst Lubitsch
Gary Cooper

Accidentally coined by German-American film director Ernst Lubitsch (1892–1947), who had difficulty speaking English, to describe the encounter between the characters played by Claudette Colbert and Gary Cooper in the 1938 film Bluebeard’s Eighth Wife.

If this is a distortion of reality, it is a knowingly utopian gesture, and the wit of such conceits lies in placing in tension the ideal with the real and so being more than a series of fancy ‘meet cutes’: […]

1989, Bruce Babington, Peter William Evans, Affairs to Remember: The Hollywood Comedy of the Sexes, Manchester, New York, N.Y.: Manchester University Press, →ISBN, page 11:

The hunt for love saturates Western culture. […] Romantic comedies have characters discover one another serendipitously, called "meet-cutes." The lead clumsily spills a drink on his future love interest, setting off a chain of events to love. Meet-cutes affirm the idea that possibility is all around us: love can happen anywhere, at anytime, and with anyone.

2013, Jaime Woo, “How to Find Love on Grindr (if You Hafta)”, in Meet Grindr: How One App Changed the Way We Connect, Canada: [Lulu.com], →ISBN, page 108, column 1:

In some respects, it might be too faithful to the genre it savages; as in many real rom-coms, the energy flags during the plot’s backstretch, and audiences may share the drifting interest of Kyle (Bill Hader) and Karen (Ellie Kemper), who come to regret ever asking Joel and Molly to chronicle their meet-cute.

2014 June 26, A. A. Dowd, “Paul Rudd and Amy Poehler Spoof Rom-com Clichés in They Came Together”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2017-12-07:

When Wade first crosses paths with Art3mis (Olivia Cooke), the ass-kicking fellow “gunter” (or egg hunter) with whom he becomes infatuated, the pair’s meet cute is predicated on the swapping of favorite pop-culture quotes.

2018 March 26, A. A. Dowd, “Steven Spielberg Finds Fun, and maybe even a Soul, in the Pandering Pastiche of Ready Player One”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2018-05-31:

Café Pick Me Up was a cosy little place with a low pressed-metal ceiling, crammed full of tiny tables, with French cafe chairs and mellow lighting. If you were to write a romcom featuring a meet cute, you’d set it there.

2021 December 26, Alys Fowler, “My winter of love: I was homesick in New York. The quiet Danish poet was just what I was longing for”, in The Guardian:

(narratology, informal) A situation in a film, television series, etc., in which a potential romantic couple meet for the first time in a way that is considered adorable, amusing, or cute.


apagoge

en-noun

apagoge (countable and uncountable, plural apagoges)

/ˈæ.pə.ɡəʊ.d͡ʒi/

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀπαγωγή (apagōgḗ).

(logic) An indirect argument which proves a thing by showing the impossibility or absurdity of the contrary.

apagogie

an indirect argument which proves a thing by showing the impossibility or absurdity of the contrary


partialist

(theology) One who believes in partialism, i.e. that Christ's atonement was made for only a part of humanity, the elect.


existible

That all Corporeal and Sensible Perfections, are in some Analogous way, Existible, in the Humane Mind.

1701, Nehemiah Grew, Cosmologia Sacra, page 119:

Similarly, when we deal with Being, it might mean an actually existent thing; or it might mean simply whatever is capable of an existence, whatever presents an actualizable content, whatever is an existible; or lastly, it might mean existence in the abstract, as when we speak of the Bing that is given to some possible essence.

1890, John Rickaby, General Metaphysics, page 21:

A thing may be regarded in two ways: (1) as an existible reality, and (2) as an understandable reality.

2015, Paul J. Glenn, An Introduction to Philosophy:


transtemporal

Yet as Locke, for example, clearly recognized, the transtemporal numerical identity of particular vegetables and animals is nevertheless determined by a continuant, namely a form of 'organization' sufficient to maintain vegetable or animal life: that is, to maintain the intrinsic properties of particular vegetables or animals.

1994, John D Greenwood, Realism, Identity and Emotion: Reclaiming Social Psychology, →ISBN:

Recall that one's personal essence is constituted as having a transtemporal validity by position-taking acts. I constitute myself as a personal essence with acts whose validity is “from now on.”

2009, James Hart, Who One Is: Book 2: Existenz and Transcendental Phenomenology, →ISBN:


DPT

Doctor of Practical Theology
w:Doctor of Practical Theology

(theology) Initialism of Doctor of Practical Theology.


crocodility

(logic, archaic) A sophistical mode of arguing.


Tractarian

en-adj

Tractarian (comparative more Tractarian, superlative most Tractarian)

more Tractarian (comparative)
most Tractarian (superlative)

The theory of truth-functions belongs by nature to Formal Logic, and is not intrinsically tied to any particular philosophical theory. However as it appears in the Tractarian milieu, it consorts with four very Tractarian thoughts.

1990, Donald Peterson, Wittgenstein’s Early Philosophy: Three Sides of the Mirror, →ISBN, page 38:

(philosophy) Pertaining to the ideas of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.


terminist

(theology) One who supports the doctrine of terminism.


terminism

(theology) The Christian doctrine that there is a time limit for repentance from sin, after which God no longer wills the conversion and salvation of the sinner.


theandric

one Theandrick or Deivirile Action

1693, Louis Ellies Du Pin, A New History of Ecclesiastical Writers:

(theology) Relating to, or existing by, the union of divine and human operation in Christ, or the joint agency of the divine and human nature.


Blochian

Blochian (comparative more Blochian, superlative most Blochian)

more Blochian (comparative)
most Blochian (superlative)

(philosophy) Of or relating to Ernst Bloch (1885–1977), German Marxist philosopher.

blochiano

of or relating to Marxist philosopher Ernst Bloch


monadology

(philosophy) The doctrine or theory of monads.


lemures

Coordinate term: Lares

The Lars and Lemures moan with midnight plaint.

1629, John Milton, “On the Morning of Christs Nativity”, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, […], London: […] Ruth Raworth for Humphrey Mosely, […], published 1646, →OCLC:

So still lay the figure, and so dim was its outline, that any other than Arbaces might have felt a superstitious fear, lest he beheld one of those grim lemures, who, above all other spots, haunted the threshold of the homes they formerly possessed.

1834, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], chapter VII, in The Last Days of Pompeii. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […]; successor to Henry Colburn, →OCLC, book IV, page 13:

(Roman mythology) The spirits or ghosts of the dead, considered as malignant.


slashfic

en-noun

slashfic (countable and uncountable, plural slashfics)

(uncountable) Short for slash fiction, a genre of fan fiction.


Malebranchism

/ˌmæləˈbɹæntʃɪzəm/

The theological-philosophical system of the French philosopher Nicolas Malebranche (1638–1715), based on the doctrine that the mind can not have knowledge of anything external to itself except in its relation to God.


introspectionist

It is no surprise then that Sartre takes issue with the tendency of introspectionists to treat psychological states as empirical facts that can be accurately accessed and studied by means of an introspective, observational effort.

2020, Matthew C. Eshleman, Constance L. Mui, The Sartrean Mind:

(metaphysics) One given to the introspective method of examining the phenomena of the mind or soul.


slash fiction

slash fiction (countable and uncountable, plural slash fictions)

From slash + fiction, from the use of the slash symbol (/) to separate the names or initials of the characters or persons involved.

But Buffy has also generated enormous amounts of slash fiction. The cult television text and the rise of the Internet have both had an important aspect on the development of slash fiction.

2005, Milly Williamson, The lure of the vampire: gender, fiction and fandom from Bram Stoker to Buffy, Wallflower Press, page 169:

They analyze slash fiction (stories about romantic and sexual relationships between two male characters, some of which involve graphic descriptions of sex), and argue that the similarities between romance novels and slash fiction prove gender differences exist.

2009, Mark Bould, The Routledge Companion to Science Fiction, Routledge, page 208:

Over the years, slash writers have started dismissing as homophobic this trope of men having sex with men without identifying as homosexual or bisexual; nevertheless, much slash fiction retains the trope's underlying sentiment of true love and devotion transcending all external rules.

2009, Robin Anne Reid, Women in Science Fiction and Fantasy, page 282:

(uncountable) A genre of fan fiction focusing on romantic and/or sexual relationships between characters of the same sex (typically men).


Erastian

Napoleon may not have believed in God, but he certainly believed in the desirability of religion, and, while his outlook was naturally Erastian, he was anxious from the first to restore normal relations with the Papacy.

1932, Duff Cooper, Talleyrand, Folio Society, published 2010, page 96:

(theology, historical) Of or relating to Thomas Erastus (1524–1583), Swiss physician and theologian, or his doctrines, associated with the idea that the State should have supremacy in ecclesiastical matters.


transubstantiator

Roman Transubstantiators

a. 1678 (date written), Isaac Barrow, “(please specify the chapter name or sermon number). He ascended into Heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of God”, in The Works of Dr. Isaac Barrow. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to VII), London: A[braham] J[ohn] Valpy, […], published 1830–1831, →OCLC:

(theology) Someone who maintains the doctrine of transubstantiation.


amphibolous

en-adj

amphibolous (comparative more amphibolous, superlative most amphibolous)

more amphibolous (comparative)
most amphibolous (superlative)

From Latin amphibolus, Ancient Greek ἀμφίβολος (amphíbolos, “thrown about, doubtful”). See amphibole.

uder

Never was there such an amphibolous quarrel — both parties declaring themselves for the king.

1640, I. H. [i.e., James Howell], ΔΕΝΔΡΟΛΟΓΊΑ [DENDROLOGIA]. Dodona’s Grove, or, The Vocall Forrest, London: […] T[homas] B[adger] for H. Mosley [i.e., Humphrey Moseley] […], →OCLC:

(obsolete outside philosophy, linguistics) Ambiguous; doubtful or unclear.


discretive

discretive proposition
discretive proposition


associationist

the experience and manifestations of Fear , were systematically omitted by the Associationist.

association of ideas
association of ideas

(philosophy) One who explains the higher functions and relations of the soul by the association of ideas.


Pyrrhonism

en-noun

Pyrrhonism (countable and uncountable, plural Pyrrhonisms)

From (the stem of) Latin Pyrrhō + -ism, after Middle French pyrrhonisme.

Whosoever shall imagine a perpetuall confession of ignorance, and a judgement upright and without staggering, to what occasion soever may chance; That man conceives the true Phyrrhonisme.

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

The system of skeptical philosophy established by Pyrrho of Elis, centred on the idea that nothing can be known for certain; widespread skepticism, universal doubt.


empiristic

en-adj

empiristic (comparative more empiristic, superlative most empiristic)

more empiristic (comparative)
most empiristic (superlative)

Nor, again, is Dr. Erdmann's view of the critical doctrine as mainly empiristic by any means an adequate representation of its varied philosophic character.

And there have been conspicuous attempts in the history of philosophy, to guarantee a person of some sort through a purely empiristic epistemology.

1911, Jay William Hudson, The Treatment of Personality by Locke, Berkeley and Hume:

This kind of time-consuming studies of literatures tends to be ignored in more empiristic and positivist traditions.

2005, Birger Hjørland, “Empiricism, rationalism and positivism in library and information science”, in Journal of Documentation, volume 61, number 1:


monopsychism

The first concerns the problem that Latin Averroism presented to Western philosophy in connection with its doctrine that there is only one mind for all human beings—a doctrine that has come to be called monopsychism.

2014, Markus Führer, Echoes of Aquinas in Cusanus's Vision of Man, page 115:

(historical philosophy) The doctrine that human beings share the same intellect.


blobject

1. There really is just one concrete particular, viz., the whole universe (the blobject).
2. The blobject has enormous spatiotemporal structural complexity, and enormous local variability, even though it does not have any genuine parts.

2000, Terry Horgan, Matjaž Potrč, “Blobjectivism and indirect correspondence”, in Facta Philosophica, page 249:

But nihilism is also compatible with existence monism—the thesis that there is a single, all-encompassing simple (the cosmos, a.k.a. “the blobject”)—as well as the extreme nihilist thesis that there are no objects whatsoever.

2016 February 26, Daniel Korman, “Ordinary Objects”, in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy:

Brentano’s universe[…] like this ball it does not host any independent things or objects, but instead seems to be a single unitary ‘blobject’ that simply exhibits a certain (spatial and temporal) qualitative structure.

2016, Uriah Kriegel, “Brentano’s Latter-day Monism”, in Brentano Studien, page 70:

(metaphysics, monism) The entire universe viewed as a single entity featuring internal variability but not containing discrete parts.


thingify

en-verb

thingify (third-person singular simple present thingifies, present participle thingifying, simple past and past participle thingified)

thingifies (present singular third-person)
thingifying (participle present)
thingified (participle past)
thingified (past)

(transitive, philosophy) To convert into a thing; to make concrete or tangible.


diallel

Fifth is the diallel (ó διάλληλος τρóπος)—petitio principii—the fallacy of circle, or the method of showing that a proof which is employed to establish the truth of a proposition, can itself only be proved by the proposition in question: as for example, "if anyone should infer the authenticity of a certain history, from its recording such and such facts, the reality of which rests on the evidence of that history."

1871, Thomas Woodhouse Levin, Six Lectures Introductory to the Philosophical Writings of Cicero, page 110:

In particular, Huet is said to apply the five tropoi of Agrippa (viz. relativity, diaphonia or disagreement, hypothesis or begging the question, infinite regress, and diallel or circular argument) to the cogito, the criterion of clarity and distinctness, and the proofs of the existence of God.

2008, Thomas M. Lennon, The Plain Truth: Descartes, Huet, and Skepticism, page 50:

This reminds us of what Sextus calls a diallel. A diallel is a situation where we need a in order to “prove” b and b in order to “prove” a (PH, I, 169), so that we can't prove anything.

2017, Jannis Kozatsas, Georges Faraklas, Stella Synegianni, Hegel and Scepticism: On Klaus Vieweg's Interpretation, page 47:

A form of logical fallacy in which a proposition that is required to prove another proposition can only be proved by means of assuming the truth of the proposition one is trying to prove; circular reasoning.


psychopannychism

From psycho- + Ancient Greek παννύχιος (pannúkhios, “all night long”) + -ism.

der

(theology) The doctrine that the soul falls asleep at death, and does not wake until the resurrection of the body.


Eunomian

(historical, theology) A follower of Eunomius, the bishop of Cyzicus in the 4th century, who believed that Jesus Christ was not of, or like, the same nature as God


halfer

Coordinate term: thirder

Sleeping Beauty problem
Sleeping Beauty problem

(decision theory) With regard to the Sleeping Beauty problem: one who argues that the probability of heads is 1/2.


amoret

From Middle English amorette, from Old French amorette, French amourette, diminutive of amour.


antepredicament

(logic) A prerequisite to a clear understanding of the predicaments and categories, such as definitions of common terms.

antepredicamento

prerequisite to a clear understanding of a predicament


circumspective

en-adj

circumspective (comparative more circumspective, superlative most circumspective)

more circumspective (comparative)
most circumspective (superlative)

circumspective concern

The existential meaning of circumspective deliberation, Heidegger argues in Being and Time is making-present (Gegenwärtigung).

1999, William McNeill, The Glance of the Eye, page 78:

Rather it is the unity of the three ecstasies of the temporality that constitutes the circumspective concern in its temporality. In other words, Dasein makes the equipmental system present in his circumspective concern with reference to his future ends, i.e., awaiting future ends, on the basis of the retention from the past.

2000, Vensus A. George, The Experience of Being as Goal of Human Existence, page 118:

In the main, this circumspective aspect of morality is a relational affair, principally between the agent and at least two persons or parties other than the agent.

2014, John Laird, An Enquiry into Moral Notions, page 306:

(philosophy) Pertaining to situation or circumstances.


Cyrenian

Cyrenian (comparative more Cyrenian, superlative most Cyrenian)

more Cyrenian (comparative)
most Cyrenian (superlative)

(chiefly historical) Synonym of Cyrenaic, of or related to Cyrenaicism.


Cyrenian

(historical) A native or inhabitant of Cyrene.

(chiefly historical) Synonym of Cyrenaic, an adherent of Cyrenaicism.


Apollinarian

(historical, theology) A follower of Apollinaris, Bishop of Laodicea in the fourth century, who denied the proper humanity of Christ.

apolinário

a follower of Apollinaris, who denied the proper humanity of Christ


neophilia

en-noun

neophilia (usually uncountable, plural neophilias)

LIKE SOCIABILITY, conscientiousness, or any other trait, your particular expression of neophilia has potential advantagesand drawbacks. Exploiting its strengths and compensating for its limitations begins with an understanding of your […]

2011, Winifred Gallagher, New: Understanding Our Need for Novelty and Change, Penguin, →ISBN:

On the one hand, it was certainly imbued with the desire for change (rampant neophilia). On the other hand, it argued that what ordinary people wanted — rather than what planners, architects and other aesthetic judges said they ought to want […]

2013, Jonathan Hughes, Simon Sadler, Non-Plan: Essays on Freedom, Participation and Change in Modern Architecture and Urbanism, Routledge, →ISBN, page 2:

The love of novelty, new things, innovation, or unfamiliar places or situations.


causationist

(philosophy) One who believes in a first cause.


prehend

en-verb

prehend (third-person singular simple present prehends, present participle prehending, simple past and past participle prehended)

prehends (present singular third-person)
prehending (participle present)
prehended (participle past)
prehended (past)

Each of the four levels "prehends" the other, and so in the punning of words so frequent in hieroglyphic writing, we encounter a richer and more inclusive mode of thought than we are accustomed to.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 214:

(philosophy) To perceive in the manner of Alfred North Whitehead's concept of prehension.


cerebralist

(philosophy) One who accepts cerebralism.


preexistentism

The soul either exists before its union with the body (preexistentism), or it is created by God at the same time with the body (creationism or coexistentism), or it springs up from physical generation (traducianism, evolution system). These are the principal hypotheses on the origin of the soul[.]

1840, G. F. Wiggers, “Augustine’s reasons for his theory”, in An Historical Presentation of Augustinism and Pelagianism from the Original Sources, Andover: Gould, Newman & Saxton, page 280:

(philosophy) The theory that souls exist prior to their association with human bodies.


Puseyism

[Deacon Mushrat to Pogo:] The reason I'd never be a member of the public is because they are all heading for Daedalian Doom! Oh yes! They'd like me to back their puny Puseyism. Join the gum-feathered fancies of their flimsy flight – An Icarian end!

1959 April 22, Walt Kelly, Pogo, comic strip, →ISBN, page 34:

The principles of Edward Bouverie Pusey (1800–1882), English churchman and one of the leaders of the Oxford Movement.


argumentum ad fidem

en-noun

argumentum ad fidem (plural argumenta ad fidem)

Latin: argūmentum (“argument”, “proof”) + ad (“to”, “toward”) + fidem (accusative singular of fidēs, “faith”, “belief”) ≈ “appeal to faith”

For quotations using this term, see Citations:argumentum ad fidem.

(rhetoric) A fallacious argument that asserts the truth of a proposition by an appeal to pious testimony or religious revelation.


argumentum ad passiones

argumentum ad passiones (plural argumenta ad passiones)

/ɑːɡjuːˈmɛntəm æd pæsɪˈəʊniːz/

Latin: argūmentum (“argument”, “proof”) + ad (“to”, “toward”) + passiōnēs (accusative plural of passio, “suffering”, “passion”) ≈ “appeal to the passions”

When an argument is borrowed from any topics which are ſuited to engage the inclinations and paſſions of the hearers on the ſide of the ſpeaker, rather than to convince the judgment, this is argumentum ad paſſiones, an addreſs to the paſſions; or if it be made publicly, it is called ad populum, or an appeal to the people.

1724, Isaac Watts, “Logick: or, The Right Uſe of Reaſon”, in Works, publiſhed by himſelf, V (1753), page 154:

Divide your sentence into three distinct members, each member commencing with the same words, but terminating with words conveying different ideas. […] Sometimes three or more kindred words may have the same happy effect, in which case we should have a view […] to alliteration. […] This mode may be denominated argumentum ad passiones.

1825 September, Lachlan MᶜLean, “Essay on Composition” in The Glasgow Mechanics’ Magazine IV:xcv (15th October 1825), page 142

The argumentum ad passiones, or the argumentum ad populum, is an argument similarly irrelevant with the type of argumentum ad hominem we have just been considering. Here it is not the judgment that is convinced, but the inclinations and passions.

1908, William Ralph Boyce Gibson, Augusta Klein, The Problem of Logic, page 288:

The speaker uses the argumentum ad hominem by comparing his race with the Chosen People, an argumentum ad fidem in exploiting for the purposes of his similitude their belief in the miraculous origin of the tables of the law, and an argumentum ad passiones in his description of the browbeating of a small inspired race by the arrogant spokesman of a mighty empire.

1930, Stuart Gilbert in: Howard Russell Huse, The Illiteracy of the Literate (1933), page 175

(rhetoric) An appeal or argument intended to convince the listener(s) by agitating the emotions, rather than by appealing to sober judgment.


Cyrenaic

en-adj

Cyrenaic (comparative more Cyrenaic, superlative most Cyrenaic)

more Cyrenaic (comparative)
most Cyrenaic (superlative)

From Latin Cyrenaicus, from Ancient Greek Κῡρηνᾰῐ̈κός (Kūrēnaïkós), from Κῡρηναῖος (Kūrēnaîos, “Cyrenian, n.”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic: forming adjectives”), from Κυρήνη (Kurḗnē, “Cyrene”) + -ιος (-ios, “-y: forming demonyms”), q.v. Equivalent to Cyrene + -ic or a backformation from Cyrenaica.

(chiefly historical) Of or related to Cyrenaicism, the philosophical school founded by Aristippus of Cyrene and codified by Aristippus the Younger.

(historical) Synonym of Cyrenian, of or related to Cyrene.


Cyrenaic

(chiefly historical) A member or adherent of Cyrenaicism, the philosophical school founded by Aristippus of Cyrene and codified by Aristippus the Younger.

(historical) Synonym of Cyrenian, a person of or from Cyrene.


consecution

en-noun

consecution (countable and uncountable, plural consecutions)

From Middle English consecucioun (“attainment”), from Latin cōnsecūtiō (“effect, proper sequence, attainment”), from past participle of cōnsequor (“to follow, result, reach”).

der

(logic) The relation of consequent to antecedent.

consécution

(logic) relation of consequent to antecedent


worldwisdom

From Middle English *worldwisdom, (found only as worldes wisdom (literally “world's wisdom”)), from Old English woruldwīsdōm (“worldly wisdom, science”), equivalent to world + wisdom.

inh

In the Wessex labourer of today, who ploughs the field, walks the lonely heath, sits in his village inn and talks the Old Worldwisdom, he sees the same man who was there a hundred, five hundred, a thousand years ago.

1996, R. G. Cox, Thomas Hardy: the critical heritage:

Ælfric's words in these lives and his apologetic remarks on youngsters having to earn 'worldwisdom' are powerfully reminiscent of Augpstine's De doctrina Christiana: […]

2006, Aelfric (Abbot of Eynsham.), Gabriella Corona, Saint Amphilochius (Bishop of Iconium), Ælfric's Life of Saint Basil the Great: background and context

After a few months, I come again to the record & it seems a mere bit of glistening tin or tinsel, and no such worldwisdom.

2011, Ralph Waldo Emerson, William H. Gilman, Charles Johnson, Selected Writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson:

Wisdom, knowledge, or understanding about the world; experience; philosophy.


hit it up

en-verb

hit it up (third-person singular simple present hits it up, present participle hitting it up, simple past and past participle hit it up)

hits it up (present singular third-person)
hitting it up (participle present)
hit it up (participle past)
hit it up (past)

(idiomatic, informal) To develop an amicable relationship (with), especially in a sudden manner during an initial encounter.


particularist

en-adj

particularist (comparative more particularist, superlative most particularist)

more particularist (comparative)
most particularist (superlative)

From particular + -ist, after French particulariste.


recta ratio

rĕkʹtə rāʹshĭō

/ˈɹɛktə ˈɹeɪʃɪəʊ/

First attested in an English text in 1677; borrowed from Latin rēcta ratiō (“right reason”), a calque of Ancient Greek ὀρθὸς λόγος (orthòs lógos). Cf. Cicero, De leg. I, 7, I, 2: “Recta ratio - quae cum sit lex, lege quoque consociati homines cum diis putandi sumus.”
Term used in a letter to "Tom" by John Locke, October 20, 1659: “...We are all centaurs, and ’tis the beast that carries us, and everyone’s recta ratio is but the traverses of his own steps.”

der

Here we may ſee whence the Scholemen borrowed their Recta ratio, right reaſon, which they make with the Philoſophers to be the Regula eſſe moralis, the rule of Moral Beings and Actions.

1677, Theophilus Gale, The Court of the Gentiles, part III: “The Vanity of Pagan Philoſophie Demonſtrated”, ii:4.3, page 38

(philosophy) “Right reason”, which regards virtue as desirable in itself.


enaction

en-noun

enaction (usually uncountable, plural enactions)

An appreciation of the power of enaction in our understandings of the mind will throw into relief the question of motivations and goals.

2005, Ralph D. Ellis, Natika Newton, Consciousness & Emotion: Agency, conscious choice, and selective perception:

The processes that underlie the organization and honing of these skills operate over a wide range of timescales, which include the enaction of a particular perceptual act at one end and the lifetime development of perception-action capabilities at the other.

2017, Ezequiel A. Di Paolo, Thomas Buhrmann, Xabier E. Barandiaran, Sensorimotor Life: An Enactive Proposal, page 76:

The first mention of enaction as a history of couplings that bring forth a world referred to the activity of "sensorimotor networks". (Varela et al. 1991)

2018, Ezequiel A. Di Paolo, Elena Clare Cuffari, Hanne De Jaegher, Linguistic Bodies: The Continuity between Life and Language:

Third, drawing on enaction and embodiment gives us the means for considering actions taken in response to musical sounds as sufficient for cognition, and thus constitutive of listeners' musical understanding.

2019, Mariusz Kozak, Enacting Musical Time: The Bodily Experience of New Music, page 54:

(philosophy, cognitive science, computer science) The interpretation of consciousness or understanding as a process of meaningfully engaging and interacting with the world in a hierarchy of actions that produce reactions.


subjunction

The primary form of subjunction is 'If P, then Q', which tells us that '{P and nonQ} is logically impossible'.

In the case of subjunction, the reading of →as 'if ... then' is actually strongly misleading.

2013, Sebastian Loebner, Understanding Semantics:

Since supervaluationists, as we have seen, do accept some disjunctions (e.g. A V ~A) while rejecting each disjunct, they must, as we have also seen, fail subjunction.

2016, Dominic Hyde, Vagueness, Logic and Ontology, page 92:

The subjunction ' A B ' corresponds to a proposition of the form ' not A , unless B ' rather than a proposition of the form ' if A , then B ' .

2023, Michael Wolff, Essay on the Principles of Logic: A Defense of Logical Monism:

(logic) An implication or entailment; A proposition that links two states such that one is a logical consequence of the other.


subjectist

(philosophy) One skilled in subjective philosophy; a subjectivist.


psilanthropy

(theology) The doctrine that Jesus Christ was merely human.


disenamour

en-verb

disenamour (third-person singular simple present disenamours, present participle disenamouring, simple past and past participle disenamoured)

disenamours (present singular third-person)
disenamouring (participle present)
disenamoured (participle past)
disenamoured (past)

Don Quixote disenamoured of Dulcinea del Tobos

1612–1620, [Miguel de Cervantes], Thomas Shelton, transl., The History of the Valorous and Wittie Knight-errant Don-Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] William Stansby, for Ed[ward] Blount and W. Barret, →OCLC:

(transitive) To free from being in love; to cause to fall out of love.


noncow

The Buddhist maintains that the genus of cow is nothing but the exclusion of noncows or nonexistence in noncows (anyapoha). Venkatanatha refutes this view. It is wrong, since the universal is apprehended as a positive entity.

1973, Jadunath Sinha, A history of Indian philosophy, volume 4:

Roughly, a mental symbol C means cow if and only if (1) C-tokens are reliably caused by cows, and (2) although noncows (eg, horses) also sometimes cause C-tokens, noncows would not cause C-tokens unless cows did, whereas it is false […]

1993, Alvin I. Goldman, Readings in philosophy and cognitive science, page 367:

Given a free variable whose designation was taken to be the class of cows, there was no ready means for referring to the class of noncows; so the requisite inference from 'Cows are animals' was not forthcoming.

1997, Catherine Z. Elgin, Nelson Goodman's theory of symbols and its applications, page 174:


loveship

en-noun

loveship (countable and uncountable, plural loveships)

The act of falling in or making love; courtship.


latreutical

From Ancient Greek λατρευτικός (latreutikós), from λατρεύω (latreúō, “to serve, to worship”), + -al. Compare -latry.

[I]n this ſacred Supper there is a ſacrifice (in that ſenſe vvherein the Fathers ſpoke) none of vs euer doubted: but that is then, either Latreuticall (as [Robert] Bellarmine diſtinguiſhes it not ill) or Euchariſticall: […]

1614, Jos[eph] Hall, “No Peace with Rome. […]. Section 19. Concerning the Sacrifice of the Masse..”, in A Recollection of Such Treatises as Haue Bene heretofore Seuerally Published and are Nowe Reuised, Corrected, Augmented. […], London: […] [Humfrey Lownes] for Arthur Iohnson, Samuel Macham and Laurence Lisle, published 1615, →OCLC, page 878:

We have already highlighted the primacy of the first of these, the latreutical end of this et-et, that is, of the adoration of God.

2020, Truth Is a Synthesis: Catholic Dogmatic Theology, translation of original by Mauro Gagliardi, page 656:


holarchy

From holo- + -archy, coined by Arthur Koestler.

(philosophy) A connection between holons (things that are both a part and a whole).


philosophia perennis

From Latin philosophia (“philosophy”) + perennis (“perennial”).

But what we are able to conclude about the meaning of the philosophia perennis in modern philosophy, based on the writings of the various philosophers mentioned here, is at once limited and tenuous.

1997, William W Quinn, The Only Tradition, New York, page 81:

(philosophy) A supposed essential core of philosophical beliefs epitomized in various writers from different temporal and geographic zones.


subalternant

Of these [oppositions], the Universal is the Subalternant , and the Particular the Subalternate

1826, Richard Whately, Elements of Logic:


Areopagitic

en-adj

Areopagitic (comparative more Areopagitic, superlative most Areopagitic)

more Areopagitic (comparative)
most Areopagitic (superlative)

/ˌɛəɹiəʊpəˈd͡ʒɪtɪk/

Latin Areopagiticus, from Ancient Greek.

In the concept of pantheism Khidasheli implies the unity of God and the world and not their similarity; he thinks that such an interpretation of pantheism is given in Neoplatonic and Areopagitic writings.

2014, Mikheil Makharadze, “Philosophical Ideas of the Corpus Areopagiticum”, in Tamar Nutsubidze, Cornelia B. Horn, Basil Lourié, editors, Georgian Christian Thought and Its Cultural Context, BRILL, page 326:

In the West, the Areopagitic texts were translated by Hilduin (c. 785 — c. 855), Bishop of Paris, who received a manuscript at his monastery of Saint Denys, and Johannes Scotus Eriugena (815-877) who knew about them from his time in Irish monasteries and produced a widely known and used translation in middle and later medieval times.

2020, Constantinos Athanasopoulos, “5. The Cloud of Unknowing in Eckhart, Palamas, and Wittgenstein”, in Constantinos Athanasopoulos, editor, Orthodox Mysticism and Asceticism, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, page 88:

(theology, early Christianity, historical) Of or pertaining to the Corpus Areopagiticum of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite.


homoeomeria

From Ancient Greek ὅμοιος (hómoios, “similar, like”) or ὁμοῖος (homoîos, “similar, like”) with μέρος (méros, “portion, part, share”).

uder

(philosophy) A doctrine in the philosophy of Anaxagoras, that the atoms constituting a substance must themselves have the salient observed properties of that substance. e.g. atoms of water would be wet, atoms of iron would be hard, atoms of wool would be soft, etc.


Kripke frame

(logic) A set, whose elements are called nodes or worlds, together with a preordering relation for that set, called its accessibility relation.


Kripke model

A formula is intuitionistically valid iff it is forced true by every world of every Kripke model.

A terminal world of a Kripke model (for intuitionistic logic) has a forcing relation equivalent to a classical model/interpretation.

If a given world (in a Kripke model (for intuitionistic logic)) forces neither A nor ¬A then there is some possible "future" world (accessible from the "present" one) in which A is forced true. In particular, if A eventually becomes forced somewhere along any possible time thread (towards the "future"), then the present world would force ¬¬A to be true, but if this does not happen there there exists some possible future world in which ¬A becomes true.

intuitionistic logic
intuitionistic logic

(logic) A Kripke frame together with either one of the following: (1) a function associating each of the frame's worlds to a set of prime formulae which are "true" for the given world, (2) a function associating each prime formula to a set of worlds for which the prime formula is "true", (3) a forcing relation between worlds and prime formulae. Additionally, there is a set of rules for deducing (from the given function or relation) what formulae are forced to be true by a given world. (The set of rules depends on which logic the Kripke model is being applied to, whether one of several modal logics or intuitionistic logic). For intuitionistic logic the forcing relation satisfies a persistence relation, namely, if world w forces proposition p, then all worlds accessible from w also force p.


convertend

From Latin convertendus (“to be converted”). Compare subtrahend.

(logic) Any proposition which is subject to the process of conversion; so called in its relation to itself as converted, after which process it is termed the converse.


ideogeny

From ideo- + -geny. Compare French idéogénie.

(philosophy) The science dealing with the origin of ideas.


Eleatic

en-adj

Eleatic (comparative more Eleatic, superlative most Eleatic)

more Eleatic (comparative)
most Eleatic (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin Eleāticus, from Ancient Greek ᾿Ελεατικός, from Ἐλέα (Eléa, “Elea, Velia”).

Of or relating to a certain school in Elea of Ancient Greek philosophers who taught that reality is stable and unchanging and that real knowledge comes from reason rather than senses.


circumincession

en-noun

circumincession (usually uncountable, plural circumincessions)

From circum- + Latin incedere, incessum (“to walk”).

(theology) The reciprocal existence in each other of the three persons of the Trinity.


corporealism

corporealism (countable and uncountable, plural corporealisms)

That the Democritic philosophy, which is made up of these two principles, Corporealism and Atomism complicated together, is essentially Atheistical

1678, R[alph] Cudworth, The True Intellectual System of the Universe: The First Part; wherein All the Reason and Philosophy of Atheism is Confuted; and Its Impossibility Demonstrated, London: […] Richard Royston, […], →OCLC:


preindesignate

(logic) Having no sign expressing quantity; indefinite.


ecophilosophical

en-adj

ecophilosophical (comparative more ecophilosophical, superlative most ecophilosophical)

more ecophilosophical (comparative)
most ecophilosophical (superlative)


rhizomatics

(philosophy) The philosophical theory based on rhizomes.


ecophilosophy

en-noun

ecophilosophy (countable and uncountable, plural ecophilosophies)


geophilosophy

geophilosophy (usually uncountable, plural geophilosophies)

(geology, philosophy) All the philosophical aspects of geology or of geography.


schizoanalysis

schizoanalysis (countable and uncountable, plural schizoanalyses)

From schizo- + analysis, introduced in 1972 by philosopher Gilles Deleuze and psychoanalyst Félix Guattari in their book Anti-Oedipus.

So what can schizoanalysis offer us as a way of responding to the event of film? How does it differ from psychoanalytic methods applied to cinema from the mid-1970s on?

2008, Ian Buchanan, Patricia MacCormack, editors, Deleuze and the Schizoanalysis of Cinema, A&C Black, →ISBN, page 118:

A form of psychoanalysis addressing perceived shortcomings and oversimplifications in traditional psychoanalysis.

Anti-Oedipus
Félix Guattari
Gilles Deleuze
schizoanalysis


superordination

superordination (countable and uncountable, plural superordinations)

From super- + ordination: compare Latin superordinatio.

(logic) The relation of a universal proposition to a particular proposition in the same terms.


neopragmatism

(philosophy) A postmodern form of pragmatism that focuses on language and proposes that truth is relative to social contexts and practices.


mystory

mystory (countable and uncountable, plural mystories)

Blend of my + history. Coined by Gregory Ulmer in Teletheory (1989).

(philosophy) A pedagogical genre encouraging the exploration of history as an open-minded individual rather than an analytical historian following institutional norms.


antiessentialist

en-adj

antiessentialist (comparative more antiessentialist, superlative most antiessentialist)

more antiessentialist (comparative)
most antiessentialist (superlative)


antiessentialist

(philosophy) One who opposes essentialism.


ironism

Coined by American philosopher Richard Rorty, from Ancient Greek εἴρων (eírōn, “one who says less than they think”). By surface analysis, irony + -ism.

der

Perhaps Rorty's pragmatics of liberal ironism is a better way of understanding the implication of the existence of disdained others on the post-modern.

2002, Keith Tester, The Life and Times of Post-Modernity, Routledge, →ISBN, page 149:

(philosophy) A state of doubt regarding one's own "vocabulary" (set of communicative beliefs) that cannot be removed by making arguments in that vocabulary.


Taylorian

en-adj

Taylorian (comparative more Taylorian, superlative most Taylorian)

more Taylorian (comparative)
most Taylorian (superlative)

Of or relating to the English architect Sir Robert Taylor (1714–1788) or the Taylor Institution he founded at Oxford University for the study of European languages.


antifoundationalist

(epistemology) One who rejects foundationalism.


omphalopsychite

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek ὀμφαλοψυχίτης (omphalopsukhítēs), from ὀμφαλός (omphalós, “navel”) + ψυχή (psukhḗ, “soul”) + -ίτης (-ítēs, “-ite”), i.e. “one with his soul in his navel”, referring to the practice by some Hesychasts of gazing on the navel as a means to concentrate during meditation. By surface analysis, omphalo- + psych- + -ite.

bor+

ὀμφαλοψυχίτης


presuppositionalism

It is sometimes supposed that extensional propositions—in particular Russellian propositions, which are adopted in some neo-Millian views about proper names—are incompatible with intensionalism and presuppositionalism.

2004, Jerrold J. Katz, Sense, Reference, and Philosophy, page 115:

(theology) A school of Christian apologetics that presumes Christian faith is the only basis for rational thought.


performativity

en-noun

performativity (countable and uncountable, plural performativities)

(philosophy) The capacity of language and expressive actions to perform a type of being.


psychism

psychism (countable and uncountable, plural psychisms)

PSYCHISM […]is the word to denote the doctrine that there is a fluid, diffused throughout all nature[…]

1858, William Fleming, The Vocabulary of Philosophy:

(philosophy) The old doctrine that there is a fluid (continuity) universally diffusing, and equally animating all living beings, the difference in their actions being due to the difference of the individual organizations.


ens entium

From Latin ens (“being”) + entium (“of beings”). Compare ens.

Pythagoras shadowed the truth somewhat neerer, judgeing that the knowledge of this first cause and Ens entium must be undefined, without any prescription or declaration.

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

That there exists a superior Ens Entium that form'd [this] wonderful created World is a mathematical Demonstration. That He influences things by a particular Providence is not so evident.

In the absence of revelation, however, the God of metaphysics and natural theology is itself an abstraction, a mere ens entium, in any case, as Heidegger rightly observes, not the kind of God before whom one can ‘make music or dance.’

2009, John R Betz, After Enlightenment, Wiley-Blackwell, published 2012, page 328:

(philosophy) The ‘being of beings’; God.


nomism

From Ancient Greek νόμος (nómos, “law”) + -ism.

(theology) The following of religious laws or commandments as the chief aspect of religiousness.

nomismi

idea of the chief aspect of religiousness


somaesthetics

Blend of somatic + aesthesis + -tics. Coined by the American philosopher Richard Shusterman.

(philosophy) A philosophical discipline involving the use, appreciation, and knowledge of one's own body.


argument-form

(logic) Alternative form of argument form


formal validity

formal validity (countable and uncountable, plural formal validities)

(logic) An argument's property of being valid due to being an instance of an argument form.


logical constant

logical constant (plural logical constants)

The logical connective OR can be seen to correspond to the logical constant "unless".

(logic) A word or phrase which has an invariant logical meaning and which is useful for forming argument forms.


paperphilia

Maybe paperphilia really isn't so different from the recessive pinings that motivate some people to own antique cars.

2010, William Powers, Hamlet's BlackBerry, Harper, →ISBN, page 139:

The appreciation of and preference for paper.


sentence connective

sentence connective (plural sentence connectives)

Standard ("classical") propositional logic deals with sentence connectives having a special property: they are truth functional. The terminology derives from the mathematical notion of a function, and one can use this to give a mathematically precise definition of truth functionality.

2001, Mark Sainsbury, chapter 2, in Logical Forms — An Introduction to Philosophical Logic, 2nd edition, Blackwell Publishing, →ISBN, §2, page 60:


advice animal

Advice Animals are the greatest epic fad of all time [pics]

2009 March 28, Author, Advice Animals are the greatest epic fad of all time, MTG Salvation Forum

— Mixing advice animals i.e. half a courage wolf quote with half an emo dog one. theres a ton of these.

2009 July 17, Richie McNuggets, A list of Memes yet to be submitted., Know Your Meme

Among the Advice Animal memes popularized by 4chan and Meme Generator, Bachelor Frog (aka Foul Bachelor Frog) occupies a unique "it's funny because it's true" space.
Whereas other advice animals (animal heads that give two-line directives), such as Advice Dog and Courage Wolf, emphasize over-the-top humor, Bachelor Frog relies on nuance familiar to anyone (especially dudes) who's ever lived alone. That naturally makes him the perfect internet mascot.

2010, March 25, Cole Stryker, A Guide to Foul Bachelor Frog, 4chan's Funniest Advice Dog Spinoff, urlesque

(Internet, mainly in the plural) A photograph of an animal or human captioned with quotations typical of a stereotype or stock character. The background of the original image is often replaced with a colour wheel.


homoflexible

Another student, who identified himself as “homoflexible,” said,“I live with straight guys now,and I definitely see the sexual tensions, which have made me very uncomfortable"

2003, The Homosexual Agenda: Exposing the Principal Threat to Religious Freedom Today, page 97:

opposite sex, it is said, but are not averse to exploring their 'gay side'. 'Homoflexible' suggests the reverse. Some men and women enjoy an even more fluid set of desires and see themselves as 'flexi-sexual'. 'pansexual', 'omnisexual'

2008, Mates and lovers: a history of gay New Zealand, page 370:

Many adolescents and young adults prefer terms such as: bi-curi- ous, fluid, hetero- or homo-flexible, open, omni- or pan-sexual, polyamorous, questioning, or queer (Driver, 2007, pp. 42-A3; Meyer, 2008).

2009, Diversity and Multiculturalism: A Reader, page 179:

I have many gay friends whom are homoflexible and many of them have had adventures with members of the opposite sex solely because they wanted kids.

2012, Jed La Lumiere, Patience: A Gay Man's Virtue, FriesenPress, published 2012, →ISBN, page 80:

Hunter was a man who was bi-curious about women, rather than a man who was bi-curious about other men. Hunter was homoflexible.

In my experience, some heteroflexible men do not test bisexual. (I should note that I have also met a few homoflexible men.)

2014, Joe Kort, Is My Husband Gay, Straight, or Bi?: A Guide for Women Concerned about Their Men, Rowman & Littlefield, published 2014, →ISBN, page 187:

Primarily homosexual, but with a limited amount of attraction to other genders, or willingness to take part in a heterosexual activity.


heliotheism

Sun-worship (solarism, or heliotheism) seems to the modern scientist to be the best of all forms of theism, and the one which may be most easily reconciled with modern monism.

1905, Ernst Haeckel, translated by Joseph McCabe, The Riddle of the Universe: At the Close of the Nineteenth Century, Harper & Brothers Publishers, page 280:

(theology) Worship of the Sun; belief that the Sun is a god.


heteroflexible

From hetero- + flexible, probably for the near-rhyme with heterosexual.

We are living at a time when youthful attitudes toward casual sexual encounters and pliable sexual boundaries have spawned a whole new vocabulary of sexuality ("pansexual," "ambisexual," "polysexual," and "heteroflexible," according to a

2000, United Synagogue Review, Volumes 53-59, page 17:

It is a rejection of bisexuality since the inevitable question that comes up in bisexuality is one of preference, and the preference of the heteroflexible is quite clear. Here postmodern heterosexuals can envision indulging in homosexual sex.

2002, Queering Christ: Beyond Jesus Acted Up, page 232:

A “boi” describes a boyish gay guy or abiological female with a male presentation; and “heteroflexible” refers to a straight person with a queer mindset

2003, The Homosexual Agenda: Exposing the Principal Threat to Religious Freedom Today, page 31:

Dery describes Bowie as "a reverse-drag queen: a heteroflexible straight man playing an exquisitely androgynous gay."

2013 June 5, Richard Metzger, “Growing Up Bowie: Mark Dery's "All The Young Dudes: Why Glam Rock Matters”, in Boing Boing:

Let me start by saying that yes, people can be heteroflexible, homoflexible and bisexual.

2014 August 1, Joe Kort, “Are "heteroflexible" and "homoflexible" shades of bisexual?”, in San Diego Gay & Lesbian News:

If you know me, you might know I've bounced around a lot with my sexual orientation — from straight to heteroflexible to queer to "I'm not going to label myself as anything, and I’ll just take things as they come" — pun intended.

2014 September 25, Robyn Smith, “Bisexuality is real, not just indecision”, in The Independent Florida Alligator:

Primarily heterosexual, but open to taking part in a limited amount of homosexual activity.


elench

Latin elenchus, from Ancient Greek ἔλεγχος (élenkhos, “refutation, scrutiny”); compare Old French elenche. Doublet of elenchus.

der

Reprehension or Elench […] is a Syllogisme, which gathereth a conclusion contrary to the assertion of the respondent, as if a man would defend Medea not to love her childe, because she killed it, another might reason against him in this manner: every Mother loveth her child: but Medea is a Mother: Ergo, Medea loveth her child: the Conclusion of this Syllogisme is contrarie to the first Assertion […]

1599, Thomas Blundeville, The Art of Logicke, London: Matthew Lownes, published 1619, Book 6, Chapter 2, p. 186:

(logic) That part of an argument on which its conclusiveness depends; that which convinces or refutes an antagonist; a refutation.


theologoumenon

Ancient Greek, θεολογούμενον (theologoúmenon, “that which is said about God”), neuter present passive participle of θεολογέω (theologéō, “to speak about God”).

A theological statement which is of individual opinion and not doctrine.


exoterics

/ˌɛksəˈtɛɹɪks/

From exoteric (adjective) + -s (suffix forming pluralia tantum; and regular plurals of nouns).

suffix

(specifically, philosophy) The public lectures or published writings of Aristotle.


gynemimetophilia

(dated, nonstandard, rare, sexology) A sexual attraction to trans women or to men who look and act like women.

(dated, nonstandard, rare, sexology) A sexual attraction to transfeminine individual, or trans woman, who has not had sex reassignment surgery.