gradable antonym

gradable antonym (plural gradable antonyms)

Three types are commonly identified: gradable antonyms, contradictory or complementary antonyms, and converses. [...] Gradable antonyms include pairs like the following: ¶ beautiful ugly ¶ expensive cheap ¶ fast slow

2000, Howard Jackson, Etienne Zé Amvela, Words, Meaning and Vocabulary, page 99:

(linguistics, philosophy, semantics) One of a pair of terms that denotes one end of a scale while the other term denotes the other end, such as long and short.


supererogate

en-verb

supererogate (third-person singular simple present supererogates, present participle supererogating, simple past and past participle supererogated)

supererogates (present singular third-person)
supererogating (participle present)
supererogated (participle past)
supererogated (past)

/ˌs(j)uːpəɹˈɛɹəɡeɪt/

/ˌsupəɹˈɛɹəˌɡeɪt/

Borrowed from Latin supererogare. See supererogation.

They who, in their obedience, attain to the greatest height which is possible in this life, are so far from being able to supererogate, and to do more than God requires, […]

The Westminster Confession of Faith, chapter XVI, article iv

Were this all, therefore, or my task confined to such a relation, I should supererogate indeed in making this appearance.

1897, Stanley John Weyman, chapter I, in Shrewsbury:

(intransitive, theology, Catholicism) To do more than God commands.


corpuscularism

The bond between politics as a question of the bodies' appetites and physics is suggested to Vico by the at once ancient and modern science of corpuscularism. The “corpuscular hypothesis,” which is the theory of the corpuscular or mechanical constitution of universal matter common to all bodies, originates in the atomism of Democritus, Epicurus, and Lucretius.

2014, Giuseppe Mazzotta, The New Map of the World: The Poetic Philosophy of Giambattista Vico:

(philosophy, historical) An ideology that discusses reality and change in terms of particles (corpuscles) and their motion.


corpuscularianism

(philosophy) The postulate that all physical bodies possess an inner and outer layer of minute particles or corpuscles.


lovelessness

The state or condition of being loveless; lack of love.


moreness

(philosophy) The state or condition of being more.


liminality

en-noun

liminality (countable and uncountable, plural liminalities)

The second way Novalis seeks to repotentize his thought is by striving to evoke feelings conducive to liminality.

1998, Joseph Frederick Bailey, Theorizing night vision: Novalis's "Hymnen an die Nacht.", page 209:

(anthropology, philosophy, sociology, psychology) The state or quality of ambiguity which exists in the middle stage of certain events or rituals (such as a rite of passage or a society-wide revolution), during which the participating individual or group no longer holds its pre-ritual status but has not yet attained the status it will hold when the ritual has been completed.


synteresis

From Medieval Latin syntērēsis (in Thomas Aquinas), from Ancient Greek συντήρησις (suntḗrēsis, “careful watching”), from συντηρεῖν (suntēreîn, “to keep guard”).

der

Synteresis, or the purer part of the conscience, is an innate habit, and doth signify “a conservation of the knowledge of the law of God and Nature, to know good or evil”.

(theology, historical) An aspect of one's conscience by which one can judge wrong from right and decide on what makes good conduct (as distinguished from syneidesis).


cyberphilosophy

A subdiscipline of philosophy concerned with the philosophical effects and implications of computer technologies such as the Internet and virtual reality.


slow burn

Another familiar trope, the slow burn, teases the reader as characters secretly pine for one another . . . for a long time.

2018, Francesca DiPiazza, Fandom: Fic Writers, Vidders, Gamers, Artists, and Cosplayers, page 30:

Slow burns are torture. Why wait? I want my characters getting down and dirty ASAP, and there's nothing wrong with that.

2019, Robinwritesallthethings, “porn with plot”, in Lemon, page 62:

On some nights, I want a good long, juicy 70k word slowburn, mutual pining, angst (with a happy ending, of course, I'm not a monster).

2021, Aditi Dubey, “Considering Fanfic”, in Rabbit Hole, number 1, Australian National University, page 33:

(idiomatic) Something that emerges or unfolds slowly or gradually.

(fiction) A work of fiction with a slow-paced plot; also, such a storyline.

(fiction, fandom slang) A romantic story (especially a work of fan fiction) in which the central relationship develops slowly.


lubrication payment

en-noun

lubrication payment (plural lubrication payments)

A lubrication payment is a small payment to low-level business people or government officials to "grease the wheels" of business.

1995, Mark E. Mendenhall et al., Global Management, →ISBN, page 145:

Lubrication payments are made with requests for a person to perform a task faster or more efficiently, whereas subornation is an act of asking officials to neglect their duties or do something illegal.

2001, Y. H. Wong, Thomas K. Leung, Guanxi: Relationship marketing in a Chinese context, →ISBN, page 105:

(idiomatic, business, ethics, euphemistic) A bribe or extorted money, usually relatively small in amount, provided to a low-level government official or business person, in order to expedite a business decision, shipment, or other transaction, especially in a country where such payments are not unusual.


grease payment

Critics say there is no distinction between extortion and bribery, and that the distinction between a payoff (illegal) and a "grease" payment made to speed along normal duties (legal under the act) is unclear.

1981 July 28, Peter Grier, “US curb on overseas bribes: too prim, or simply proper?”, in Christian Science Monitor, retrieved 2009-04-09:

An important legal distinction is the difference between bribery and “grease payments,” which are paid in these countries not to affect someone’s decision-making but to speed the process of dealing with government.

2007 October 30, Mike Rast, “Webinar Prepares Local Companies for Cultural Gaps with India, China”, in globalatlanta.com, retrieved 2009-04-09:

(chiefly US, idiomatic, business, law, ethics) A bribe or extorted money, usually relatively small in amount, provided to a low-level government official or business person, in order to expedite a business decision, shipment, or other transaction, especially in a country where such payments are not unusual.


investigability

Even in the most scientific science, mathematics, striking examples can be found. . . . It is obviously unnecessary to give examples from the social sciences or from the arts, although these would be even more striking and numerous, for in these fields one must count on a much slighter degree of investigability.

1941, Stefan T. Possony, “Rational Planning for War”, in Military Affairs, volume 5, number 4, page 226:

Let us suppose the existence of three concentric circles. . . . The partition is meant to indicate degrees of scientific investigability.

2003, Allardyce Nicoll, Shakespeare Survey, Cambridge Univ. Press, →ISBN, page 108:

(chiefly philosophy and sciences) The state or condition of being capable of being investigated.


emanationism

(theology) The idea that everything emanates from something else, and that the original and most perfect things emanated directly from God.


Nicomachean

en-adj

Nicomachean (comparative more Nicomachean, superlative most Nicomachean)

more Nicomachean (comparative)
most Nicomachean (superlative)

Of or pertaining to Nicomachus (son of Aristotle).


theocrasy

en-noun

theocrasy (countable and uncountable, plural theocrasies)

/θiːˈɒkɹəsi/

/ˈθiːəʊkɹeɪsi/

From theo- (“god”) + -crasy (“mixing”), from Ancient Greek θεός (theós, “god”) and Ancient Greek κρᾶσις (krâsis, “mixing, tempering”).

uder

2007: Isaac Bonewits, Neopagan Rites: A Guide to Creating Public Rituals That Work, chapter 1: “Defining Our Terms”, page 3 (first edition; Llewellyn; →ISBN
Duotheism¹ (two deities) is what Neopagans call a religion in which the duotheologians claim that there are two deities, usually of opposite gender, and that all other spirits are aspects or faces of these two, through a process known as theocrasy² (deity mingling).

(Neopagan theology) Interaction, admixture, and conflation of divine principles.


personal union

en-noun

personal union (countable and uncountable, plural personal unions)

In the political sense, calque of German persönliche Vereinigung (attributed to German jurist Johann Stephan Pütter, 1777).

calque

(theology, Christian theology) Hypostatic union; the union of Christ's humanity and divinity in one individual existence (person).

unione ipostatica

union of Christ's human and divine natures in one person


Peirce's law

Named after the logician and philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce.

Consider Peirce's law, ((P→Q)→P)→P). If Q is true, then P→Q is also true so the law reads "If truth implies P then deduce P" which certainly makes sense. If Q is false, then (P→Q)→P≡(P→⊥)→P≡¬P→P≡¬P→P and ¬P≡¬P→⊥≡¬¬P so the law reads ¬¬P→P, which is intuitionistically false but equivalent to the classical axiom ¬P∨P.

propositional calculus
propositional calculus

law of excluded middle
law of excluded middle

implicational propositional calculus
implicational propositional calculus

(logic) The classically valid but intuitionistically non-valid formula ((P→Q)→P)→P of propositional calculus, which can be used as a substitute for the law of excluded middle in implicational propositional calculus.


implicational propositional calculus

en-noun

implicational propositional calculus (uncountable)

(logic) A minimalist version of propositional calculus which uses only the logical connectives → ("implies") and ⊥ ("false").


hypertime

hypertime (usually uncountable, plural hypertimes)

Any of various fictional or theoretical time-like constructs that extend beyond normal time, usually by encompassing or spanning many distinct timelines (sometimes infinitely many).

hipertimp

time-like constructions that extend beyond normal time


word of God

Just as it would be utterly vain to lay natural reasons of comfort to him who hath no wit, so would it undoubtedly be frustrate to lay spiritual causes of comfort to him who hath no faith. For unless a man first believe that holy scripture is the word of God, and that the word of God is true, how can he take any comfort in that which the scripture telleth him?

1535, Sir Thomas More, Dialogue of Comfort Against Tribulation, Book I, ch. 2:

(theology) the Scriptures, especially when interpreted as the work of God rather than man


presentative

en-adj

presentative (comparative more presentative, superlative most presentative)

more presentative (comparative)
most presentative (superlative)

The adjective is derived from Late Latin praesentativus (“that presents for consideration”) + English -ive (suffix signifying belonging or relating to, of the nature of, serving to, or tending to, forming adjectives). Praesentativus is from Latin praesentātus (“presented, exhibited, or shown”) + -īvus (suffix forming adjectives); while praesentātus is the perfect passive participle of praesentō (“to present, exhibit, or show”), from praesēns (“at hand, present; existing; immediate; prompt; propitious; (grammar) present”) (the present active participle of praesum (“to be before something; to be in charge of; to command, lead; to preside or rule over”), from prae- (prefix meaning ‘before, in front; in charge’) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- (“before; in front”)) + sum (“to be, exist, have”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”))) + -tō (frequentative suffix). The English word is analysable as present + -ative.
The noun sense (“construct that serves to present something, or draw it to the attention of the interlocutor”) is derived from adjective sense 3 (“serving to present something, or draw it to the attention of the interlocutor”).

der

(metaphysics, psychology) Of or pertaining to a presentation (“an image formed in the mind after an object is perceived”).


theory-laden

en-adj

theory-laden (comparative more theory-laden, superlative most theory-laden)

more theory-laden (comparative)
most theory-laden (superlative)

(philosophy) Whose meaning depends upon a set of theoretical principles


apophatically

en-adv

apophatically (comparative more apophatically, superlative most apophatically)

more apophatically (comparative)
most apophatically (superlative)

(theology) In an apophatic way; using apophasis.


apophatic

en-adj

apophatic (comparative more apophatic, superlative most apophatic)

more apophatic (comparative)
most apophatic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek ἀποφατικός (apophatikós, “negative”).

uder

For him, the assertions of Palamas ran counter to the apophatic insistence in Pseudo-Dionysius that God was unknowable in his essence.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 488:

Augustine had absorbed the underlying spirit of Greek apophatic theology, but the West did not develop a fully fledged spirituality of silence until the ninth century, when the writings of an unknown Greek author were translated into Latin and achieved near-canonical status in Europe.

2009, Karen Armstrong, The Case for God, Vintage, published 2010, page 123:

(theology) Pertaining to knowledge of God obtained through negation rather than positive assertions.

apophatique

pertaining to knowledge of God obtained through negation rather than positive assertions


law of double negation

The law of double negation is not valid intuitionistically. To show this with Heyting algebra semantics, let A=(0,1)∪(1,2). Then ¬A=(-∞,0)∪(2,∞), ¬¬A=(0,2), ¬¬A→A=(-∞,1)∪(1,∞) ne ℝ.

(logic) The statement that the negation of the negation of A implies A, for any proposition A. Stated symbolically: ¬¬A→A.


proof system

(logic) A set of axioms and a set of inference rules which are jointly used to deduce tautologies, thereby providing proofs of them.


intuitionistic logic

en-noun

intuitionistic logic (plural intuitionistic logics)

law of double negation
law of double negation

(mathematics, logic) A type of logic which rejects the axiom law of excluded middle or, equivalently, the law of double negation and/or Peirce's law. It is the foundation of intuitionism.

intuïtionistische logica

a type of logic which rejects the axiom "law of excluded middle"


proof by contradiction

proof by contradiction (countable and uncountable, plural proofs by contradiction)

(mathematics, logic) Proof of a statement adduced by deriving a contradiction from the statement's negation.

反證法

proof of a statement adduced by deriving a contradiction from the statement's negation


valuation function

valuation function (plural valuation functions)

Say that a model's interpration assigns true to A and false to B. Then the valuation function assigns false to "not A", true to "not B", false to "A implies B", false to "A and B", and true to "A or B".

(logic) A function which assigns a truth value to every well-formed formula, which is identical to the model's interpretation function when applied to atomic propositions, and which otherwise assigns a truth value recursively depending on the formula's top logical connective and the truth values of the subformulae surrounding that logical connective.


charism

charism (countable and uncountable, plural charisms or charismata)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek χάρισμα (khárisma, “grace”). Doublet of charisma.

lbor

Reviewing the prudential warnings and moral qualms issued by the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, “it is hard not to conclude,” the editors write, “that the bishops’ charism, rather than the president’s, has better served the nation.”

2007 April 14, Peter Steinfels, “A Catholic Debate Mounts on the Meaning of ‘Just War’”, in New York Times:

(Christianity, theology) A power or authority, generally of a spiritual nature, believed to be a freely given gift by the Grace of God.

charisma

extraordinary power granted by the Holy Spirit


loveworthy

en-adj

loveworthy (comparative more loveworthy, superlative most loveworthy)

more loveworthy (comparative)
most loveworthy (superlative)


lessness

(philosophy) The state or condition of being less.


criterionless

(philosophy) Without criteria or the use of criteria; undiscerning, arbitrary.


lifeness

(rare, philosophy) The state or quality of having a life.


representationalism

en-noun

representationalism (countable and uncountable, plural representationalisms)

(philosophy) The belief that the conscious perception of the world is actually an internal replica of the world in the mind of the beholder.

representationalismi

the belief that the conscious perception of the world is actually an internal replica of the world of the mind of the beholder


divine law

divine law (countable and uncountable, plural divine laws)

(theology) Any law (or rule) that, in the opinion of believers, comes directly from the will of God (or a god).


law of excluded middle

(logic) A logical principle which states all statements must be either true or false, i.e. in symbols: P∨¬P.


Kleene star

After Stephen Cole Kleene (1909-1994), American mathematician.

Coordinate term: Kleene plus

(logic, computing theory) The asterisk, *, used as an operator to concatenate zero or more strings from a given set, widely used in regular expressions.


worseness

worseness (usually uncountable, plural worsenesses)

(chiefly archaic or philosophy) The state or condition of being worse; inferiority.


whyness

(nonstandard, philosophy) The reason why; the cause or intent.


natureless

(philosophy) Having no nature (set of properties).


intensionality

intensionality (countable and uncountable, plural intensionalities)

(logic, mathematics) The condition of having an intension


metriopatheia

From Ancient Greek μετριοπάθεια (metriopátheia, “moderation of passions”).

uder

μετριοπάθεια

(philosophy) Moderation of the passions.


pearly gates

After the description in Revelation 21:21.

When shall these eyes thy heaven-built walls / And pearly gates behold?

1795, Joseph Bromehead, Jerusalem, My Happy Home:

This immense wealth; this gilded splendor; this profusion of luxury; this exemption from toil; this life of ease; this sea of plenty; aye, what of it all? Are the pearly gates of happiness and sweet content flung open to such suitors?

1855, Frederick Douglass, chapter 7, in My Bondage and My Freedom. […], New York, Auburn, N.Y.: Miller, Orton & Mulligan […], →OCLC:

The narrowness of the imagination of the old masters is generally depicted in their canvases. Heaven to them was a serious business of pearly gates, harps, halos, and aërial flights on ambient pale clouds.

1908, Harold McGraff, chapter 27, in The Lure of the Mask:

I'd toss for pennies on the front steps of the New Jerusalem or set up a faro layout just outside the Pearly Gates.

1910, Jack London, chapter 20, in Burning Daylight:

By the time they got a doctor down / I was already dead / And I'll never understand why the man / Standing in the Pearly Gates said…

1971, John Prine (lyrics and music), “Your Flag Decal Won't Get You Into Heaven Anymore”, in John Prine:

When I'm at the pearly gates / This'll be on my videotape, my videotape

2007, “Videotape”, in In Rainbows, performed by Radiohead:


apatheia

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀπάθεια (apátheia). Doublet of apathy.

bor+

(philosophy) A state of mind in Stoic philosophy in which one is free from emotional disturbance; the freedom from all passions.

apatheia

freedom from emotional disturbance, in Stoic philosophy


ousia

Borrowed from Ancient Greek οὐσία (ousía), from the feminine present participle of εἰμί (eimí, “I am”).

We could never know God's ousia, but in order to adapt his indescribable nature to our limited intellect, God communicated to us through his activities in the world.

2009, Karen Armstrong, The Case for God, Vintage, published 2010, page 79:

(theology) The essential nature or ‘substance’ of God, often as contrasted to the ‘energies’ (external actions and influences) through which he is manifest.


hellspawn

en-noun

hellspawn (plural hellspawn or hellspawns)

Despite his grim mien, his kinship with vein-biters and hellspawns, Batman always maintained one pious virtue, his unspoken insistence on the value—the sacredness—of human life.

1994, Dennis O’Neil, Batman: Knightfall, Bantam Books, →ISBN, page 348:

Image Animation also fabricated the hellspawns’ bondage-inspired costumes, substituting foam material for the more expensive leather of the previous two films.

1996, Anthony Timpone, Men, Makeup, and Monsters: Hollywood’s Masters of Illusion and FX, St. Martin’s Griffin, →ISBN, page 179:

The face and voice were beyond question those of the man who had died to protect her in a room full of hellspawn and slaughter.

1998, David Drake, Queen of Demons, Tor Books, →ISBN, page 115:

“The door was ajar. Not so smart for a young Nightwing-in-training—especially when he’s got one of those filthy hellspawns in his hands.”

2003, Geoffrey Huntington [pseudonym; William J. Mann], “A Deadly Duel”, in Demon Witch (The Ravenscliff Series; II), ReganBooks, →ISBN, page 111:

(fantasy) A creature or creatures from hell.


experientialism

(philosophy) The theory that experience is the source of knowledge.


Comtism

(philosophy) The positivistic philosophy of Auguste Comte (1798–1857), according to which metaphysics and theology should be replaced by a hierarchy of sciences from mathematics at the base to sociology at the top.

comtismo

the positivistic philosophy of Auguste Comte


innatism

(philosophy) The view that the mind is born with certain ideas or knowledge, as opposed to the idea of the "blank slate" or tabula rasa.


incompatibilism

From in- + compatibilism or incompatible + -ism.

Because pretty much the same thing goes on in us when we have become the sort of person who would pull a trigger, or run into a building to save a child, or steal an extra cookie, or advocate hard incompatibilism in a book destined to be read only by two people who will hate it.

2023, Robert M. Sapolsky, Determined: A Science of Life Without Free Will, New York: Penguin, →ISBN:

(philosophy) The doctrine that free will and determinism are incompatible, that one necessarily precludes the other.


dialetheism

dialetheism (usually uncountable, plural dialetheisms)

Coined by Graham Priest and Richard Routley, from di- + Ancient Greek ἀλήθεια (alḗtheia, “truth”), in 1981.

der

[It] is important to point out that endorsing dialetheism is not the same as rejecting logic or rational argumentation.

2005, Laurence Goldstein, Logic: key concepts in philosophy, page 158:

(logic) The theory that statements can be both true and false at the same time and in the same sense. The opposite of the law of noncontradiction.


incompatibilist

en-adj

incompatibilist (comparative more incompatibilist, superlative most incompatibilist)

more incompatibilist (comparative)
most incompatibilist (superlative)

From in- + compatibilist or incompatible + -ist.

(philosophy) Of, pertaining to or supporting incompatibilism.


eternalism

(philosophy) The view that time resembles space and thus past and future events are in some sense coexistent.

[The earth’s] history stretched indefinitely or even infinitely into past and future and involved no unique and unexplained events such as the Flood; indeed, earth history was “without vestige of a beginning, without prospect of an end.” […] Most significantly, the virtual eternalism of such theories was extended, often explicitly, to the history of mankind[…]. Mankind could thus be claimed as uncreated and therefore not subject to any of the traditional moral and social constraints.

1986, Martin J. S. Rudwick, “The Shape and Meaning of Earth History”, in David C. Lindberg, Ronald L. Numbers, editors, God and Nature: Historical Essays on the Encounter between Christianity and Science, →ISBN, page 307:

The first of these is eternalism, which holds that matter, energy, and intelligence—the components of the universe—are uncreated, indestructible, eternal, and forever fixed.

1997, Dale C. Lecheminant, “Foreword”, in John A. Widtsoe, Rational Theology: As Taught by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, →ISBN, page vii:

(philosophy, theology) The view that matter is uncreated and has existed, and will exist, eternally.


cognitivism

(philosophy) The view that ethical sentences express propositions and are therefore capable of being true or false.


clout list

By the way, joining Ronan in the move from "10 worst" to the clout list is his on-and-off nemesis, House Speaker Michael Madigan (D-Chicago).

1991 July 7, Thomas Hardy, “To make clout list, it's not what you know, but who you know”, in Chicago Tribune, page 4:

Gov. Blagojevich's office kept a clout list of hundreds of state employees recommended by lobbyists, lawmakers and major fund-raisers.

2006 May 17, Chris Fusco, Dave McKinney, “Governor's office kept clout list”, in Chicago Sun-Times, retrieved 2009-06-05:

The University of Illinois announced Monday that it will temporarily suspend the use of a clout list in the admissions process—a practice school officials first downplayed after it was described in a Tribune investigation.

2009 June 2, Stacy St. Clair, Jodi S. Cohen, “Clout Goes to College: Clout list put on suspension”, in chicagotribune.com, retrieved 2009-06-05:

(chiefly US, idiomatic, politics, ethics) A usually secret list containing the names of people who are to be given special access, benefits, or influence in a political or social situation, especially as a result of having personal, professional, or financial relationships with those in authority.


secret service

On the surface, the film is a globe-trotting gross-out caper in which Nobby, who's from a hellish version of the titular Lincolnshire town ("twinned with Chernobyl"), is reunited with his long-lost brother Sebastian (Mark Strong), who has become a spy for the British secret services.

2016 February 23, Robbie Collin, “Grimsby review: ' Sacha Baron Cohen's vital, venomous action movie'”, in The Daily Telegraph (London):

A governmental agency that deals with espionage and other acts of secrecy.


integrity

en-noun

integrity (countable and uncountable, plural integrities)

/ɪnˈtɛɡɹəti/

/ɪnˈtɛɡɹɪti/

Borrowed from Middle French intégrité, from Latin integritās (“soundness, integrity”), from integer. Doublet of entirety.

der

Stand up, good Canterbury: Thy truth and thy integrity is rooted […]

1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i], lines 2920-2921:

Living a lie saps us of integrity and moral cohesion to the point that we can no longer distinguish between the artifice being propped up and the real world.

2023 June 22, Charles Hugh Smith, 2023-2030: Artifice Vs. Doom-Loops:

Steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical code.

ndershmëri

steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical code

The quality or condition of being complete; pure

سَلَامَة

(aviation) The ability of systems to provide timely warnings to users when they should not be used for navigation.


Lebenswelt

en-noun

Lebenswelt (usually uncountable, plural Lebenswelten)

From German Lebenswelt: Leben (“life”) + Welt (“world”).

1999, Simon Blackburn, Think: A compelling introduction to philosophy, chapter 7: The World, section 7: The Eye of the Beholder, page 260 (Oxford University Press, paperback, →ISBN
The mind, for the idealist, creates the world we live in, the ‘Lebenswelt’ of our thoughts, imaginings, and perceptions.

(chiefly in the philosophy of Edmund Husserl) The sum total of all immediate phenomena which constitute the world of an individual or of a corporate life; life-world.


Nuremberg defense

Nuremberg defense (plural Nuremberg defenses)

/ˈnjʊəɹəmbəːɡ dɪˈfɛns/

Albert Speer
Alfred Rosenberg
Franz von Papen
Hans Frank
Nuremberg Charter
Nuremberg trials
Rudolf Hess
Wilhelm Frick

An allusion to a defense used by former Nazi officials prosecuted during the Nuremberg trials after World War II. The trials were held in Nuremberg in Bavaria, Germany.

“‘Nuremberg defense’, universally pleaded in war crimes trials,” is in actuality the Nuremberg nondefense, universally rejected in war crimes trials. It is a pity that the law of the Nuremberg Tribunal is so little understood after the passage of nearly a quarter of a century.

1970 September, R. R. Baxter, “‘Nuremberg Defense’ Beclouded [letter]”, in Richard B. Allen, editor, ABA Journal: The Lawyer’s Magazine, volume 56, Chicago, Ill.: American Bar Association, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 818, column 2:

Recognition of the reliance on an official interpretation of the law defense for government officials and private citizens may initially seem to be the same as the Nuremberg defense of “I was just following orders.”

1978, Stephen M. Kristovich, “United States v. Barker: Misapplication of the Reliance on an Official Interpretation of the Law Defense”, in California Law Review, volume 66, number 44, Berkeley, Calif.: University of California School of Law, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-09-04, page 840:

“It seems like he's [Charles Graner's] wanting to do the Nuremberg defense: ‘I was following orders,’” says Thomas Moran, a Houston attorney and a former military lawyer.

2005 January 6, Laura Parker, “Court-martial begins for Abu Ghraib figure”, in USA Today, archived from the original on 2019-05-21:

(ethics, international law, idiomatic) An explanation offered as an excuse for behaving in a criminal or wrongful manner, claiming that one acted in this way because one was ordered by others (particularly superiors) to do so.


external world

Human beings are able to form ideas that correspond in some way with a real world, outside of themselves. . . . [T]o each necessary relation a:b in human consciousness, there corresponds a relation A:B in the external world.

1882, Josiah Royce, “Mind and Reality”, in Mind, volume 7, number 25, page 30:

Is not a vast "background" of experience what we all really mean by an external world, or God, according to the mood we are in?

1954, Daniel Cory, “God or the External World”, in The Journal of Philosophy, volume 51, number 2, page 61:

Skeptics . . . claim that our evidence can't support our beliefs about the external world.

2003, Ram Neta, “Contextualism and the Problem of the External World”, in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, volume 66, number 1, page 1:

(philosophy) The world consisting of all the objects and events which are experienceable or whose existence is accepted by the human mind, but which exist independently of the mind.


Heilsgeschichte

Without a divine Heilsgeschichte it would not make sense to speak of Jesus' ‘deity’. He would then simply be one of the heroes of history—nothing more.

1959, Guthrie/Hall, translating Oscar Cullman, The Christology of the New Testament, p. 306

He was not a Leninist because he would have had no conception of historical self-determination. The only kind of history that mattered was Heilsgeschichte, or salvation history.

2007 December 4, Terry Eagleton, The Guardian:

The much greater iconographic programmes of the other three Bibles mean that a sort of pictorial Heilsgeschichte can be given spread throughout the work: in the Bamberg it has to be compressed.

2008, Jill Bradley, You Shall Surely Not Die, volume 1, page 71:

(theology) History seen as the work of God's salvation. (Especially, in Christianity, the history of the Old Testament, seen as a preparation for the coming of Christ.)

heilsgeschiedenis

history seen as the work of God's salvation


sacramentarian

(theology) Someone who holds that the presence of Christ in the sacrament of the Eucharist is purely metaphorical rather than physical or literal.


maximax

The first criterion is the Hurwicz criterion, often referred to the maximax criterion. […] the decision-maker is always optimistic and attempts to maximize profits by a go-for-broke strategy.

2009, Harold Kerzner, Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling, Tenth Edition, John Wiley and Sons, →ISBN, page 749:

(economics, computer science, decision theory) A strategy or algorithm that seeks to maximize the maximum possible result (that is, that prefers the alternative with the chance of the best possible outcome, even if its expected outcome and its worst possible outcome are worse than other alternatives); often used attributively, as "maximax strategy", "maximax approach", and so on.


toonophile

Some toonophiles are furry lifestylers. Not all lifestylers are toonophiles.

1999, David Cooke, “Something that need to be asked”, in alt.lifestyle.furry (Usenet):

(informal) A person who is physically attracted to cartoon characters.


unblue

[…] a god in an unblue sky.

1992, Susan Burmeister-Brown, Linda Davies, editors, Glimmer Train Stories:

Soon an associational chain reaction occurs that stains blue all that has remained unblue...

1997, University of Arizona Dept. of English, Sonora Review:

A philosopher, busily sorting the world into the blue and the unblue, tells us that some ink is blue. We look at the ink one way, and it looks blue.

2000, Charles Travis, Unshadowed thought: representation in thought and language:

Mind you, if they fly in downstairs, they are quite happy to settle for unblue mangoes.

2007, Barbara Blackman, Bryony Cosgrove, Judith Wright, Portrait of a friendship:


ISR

ISR (countable and uncountable, plural ISRs)

(uncountable, espionage) Initialism of intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance (“spycraft”).


irreal

en-adj

irreal (comparative more irreal, superlative most irreal)

more irreal (comparative)
most irreal (superlative)

From Latin irrealis, from in- (“un-: not”) + reālis (“real, material, tangible, composed of physical things”), from res (“thing”) + -ālis (“-al: forming adjectives”). Doublet of irrealis.

'Irreal' objects draw on our previous sensual experience but have never existed; they are created through the spontaneous intentional operations of the imagination.

2012, T. Dant, Television and the Moral Imaginary: Society through the Small Screen, →ISBN:

It is a shift to the ego conceived as irreal, as non-worldly.

2013, J. Mensch, The Question of Being in Husserl’s Logical Investigations, →ISBN, page 8:

The irreal spatiality of school dining rooms, including such things as décor, furnishings, modes of ordering, manner of queuing, ambience, 'feel', can also, as we have seen, actively limit these governmental ambitions.

2014, J. Pike, P. Kelly, The Moral Geographies of Children, Young People and Food, →ISBN:

It is impossible to directly access the imaginations of others, to know precisely if and how an imagined 'irreal' future is felt by an individual or shared by a 'collective', or to know if one has shared it oneself.

2015, Sarah Pink, Doing Sensory Ethnography, →ISBN:

(philosophy) Synonym of intangible, immaterial, not composed of things, having no concrete existence.


falsum

(logic) An arbitrary contradiction, denoted ⊥.


worldless

(philosophy) That does not belong to a world; abstract, without context.


verificationism

en-noun

verificationism (usually uncountable, plural verificationisms)

verification principle
verification principle

(philosophy) Belief in the verification principle.


passible

Borrowed into Middle English from Old French passible, from Late Latin passibilis.

(chiefly theology) Able to suffer, or feel pain.


pre-Socratic

/ˌpɹiːsɒˈkɹætɪk/

Hers is the philosophy that stood before the speculations of the presocratics; she is the "Holy Mother Church" which Descartes challenged when he cut the umbilical cord between philosophy and the Church and split reality into the res externa and the res cogitans.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 97:

(historical) Any of the pre-Socratic philosophers, viz. Thales (circa 624–546 BCE), Anaximander (circa 610–546 BCE), Anaximenes (circa 585–525 BCE), Pythagoras (circa 576–495 BCE), Xenophanes (circa 570–480 BCE), Heraclitus (circa 535–475 BCE), Parmenides (early-5ᵗʰ century BCE), Anaxagoras (circa 500–428 BCE), Empedocles (circa 490–430 BCE), and Democritus (circa 460–370 BCE).

présocratique

any one of the pre-Socratic philosophers


de dicto

(linguistics, philosophy) Taking the utterance in consideration, without having a particular referent in mind.


de re

From Latin de (“about”) re (“thing”) (ablative of res).

(linguistics, philosophy) Taking the thing of reference in consideration.


aponia

From Ancient Greek ἀπονία (aponía, “without suffering”).

der

(philosophy) The absence of pain considered as a state of spiritual serenity

aponia

the absence of pain considered as a state of spiritual serenity


metadiscourse

en-noun

metadiscourse (countable and uncountable, plural metadiscourses)

(philosophy, linguistics, education) Discussion, especially involving academic analysis, about a discussion or about discourse.


ghosthunting

Investigations that aim to track down ghosts.

spokenjacht

Investigations aiming to track down ghosts


ghosthunter

They watched the two ghost-hunters run own the corridor and go crashing over the trip-wire.

1971, Richard Carpenter, Catweazle and the Magic Zodiac, Harmondsworth: Puffin Books, page 119:

His reputation as a ghosthunter grew stronger and others began contacting him for investigations and "exorcisms."

1992, Blanche Barton, The secret life of a Satanist: the authorized biography of Anton LaVey:

The most prolific and successful German horror writer of the Hefte is Helmut Rellergerd (1945-), who writes as Jason Dark about a ghosthunter named John...

1999, John Clute, John Grant, The encyclopedia of fantasy:

The Frighteners (1996) has a ghosthunter, Frank, working with a trio of ghosts who infest premises that he then clears.

2004, Tom Ruffles, Ghost images: cinema of the afterlife:

The last two years have certainly made me a ghosthunter, perhaps not in the intensive style exhibited by ghosthunter clubs and "professional" ghosthunters...

2005, John B Kachuba, Ghosthunting Illinois:

A person who attempts to track down ghosts.


carry a torch

en-verb

carry a torch (third-person singular simple present carries a torch, present participle carrying a torch, simple past and past participle carried a torch)

carries a torch (present singular third-person)
carrying a torch (participle present)
carried a torch (participle past)
carried a torch (past)

From the metaphor of a burning flame, to keep a fire burning. The association of a torch with love may date to the Greek and Roman tradition of a
wedding torch, lit in the bride’s hearth on her wedding night, then used to light the hearth in her new home. Such a torch is associated with the Greek god of marriage Hymenaios.

Someday, I know that Jim will up and leave me / But even if he does you can believe me / I'll go on carryin' the torch for Jim / I'll go on lovin' my Jim

1941, “Jim”, Nelson Shawn (lyrics), James Caesar Petrillo and Edward Ross (music):

Brunhilde, a kind of earth-mother goddess, carries a torch for her lost love.

1955 June 6, “Books: Mixed Fiction (review of The Twelve Pictures by Edith Simon)”, in Time, archived from the original on 2013-03-15:

Lachey, for his part, seems to still carry a torch for his estranged wife.

2006 April 20, Jeannette Walls, “Are Simpson and Lachey still in love?”, in msnbc.com, archived from the original on 2006-04-23:

(idiomatic) To love or to be romantically infatuated with, especially when such feelings are not reciprocated.


head

it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God

From the Gospel of Matthew, verse 19:24. Some assert that "camel" is a misinterpretation of a word meaning "rope" and others assert that the "Needle's Eye" was a gate in the walls of Jerusalem, but the evidence for each of these theories is contested, and the literal interpretation remains the most common.

(Christianity, biblical) It is unlikely that the wealthy will go to heaven.

ʔinna murūra jamal min ṯaqb ʔibratin ʔaysaru min ʔan yadḵula ḡaniyyun ʔilā malakūti llāhi

إِنَّ مُرُورَ جَمَل مِنْ ثَقْب إِبْرَةٍ أَيْسَرُ مِنْ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ غَنِيٌّ إِلَى مَلَكُوتِ اللهِ

det er lettere for en kamel at komme igennem et nåleøje end for en rig at komme ind i Guds rige

eher geht ein Kamel durch ein Nadelöhr, als dass ein Reicher in das Reich Gottes gelangt

det er lettere for en kamel å gå gjennom et nåløye enn for en rik man å komme inn i Guds rike

łatwiej jest wielbłądowi przejść przez ucho igielne, niż bogatemu wejść do królestwa niebieskiego

é mais fácil passar um camelo pelo fundo de uma agulha do que entrar um rico no reino de Deus

léxče verbljúdu projtí skvozʹ igólʹnoje uškó, čem bogačú vojtí v cárstvije nebésnoje

ле́гче верблю́ду пройти́ сквозь иго́льное ушко́, чем богачу́ войти́ в ца́рствие небе́сное

es más fácil que un camello pase por el ojo de una aguja, que un rico entre en el reino de Dios


summum genus

Summum genus, in its strictest sense, is that all-extensive term under which every object of whatever kind may be classed, and of every one of which it may be affirmatively predicated: the word which is generally used to denote such genus is substance, or, as some call it, being. ... ; thus by ornithologist, bird would be regarded as the summum genus under which he would arrange the different subdivisions of birds ...

1827, John Huyshe, A Treatise on Logic, on The Basis of Aldrich:

(logic, semantics) The highest, most all-inclusive genus; the one that is not a species of any other genus.


barium meal

The example of Oswald will show how the different operations of a dangle and a barium meal would work more efficiently together.

2017, Nancy Howell Lee, Peter Dale Scott, Bertram Gross, Forbidden Bookshelf's Resistance in America Collection:

(espionage) The deliberate release of traceable information to a suspect to see whether they leak it.


hebephile

As can be noted in the Flow Chart 122 men actually fit the definition of hebephile in that they had committed a sexual offense against a female between the ages of 12 and 17.

1966, Hebephiles: characteristics and offenses of hebephiles committed to Atascadero State Hospital, Atascadero, California, page 7/46:

The hebephile sees the female adolescent as having adult development but vulnerability. There may also be a sense of safety from rejection because the hebephile may have had actual or perceived poor sexual performance with adult partners. The ephebophile is even more likely to reflect the emphasis on youth in society; in this case, the gay culture's emphasis on youthful appearance.

1989 Intervention Strategies for Sexual Abuse page 94 (and also page 97 of Tough Customers: Counseling Unwilling Clients)


thinglike

en-adj

thinglike (comparative more thinglike, superlative most thinglike)

more thinglike (comparative)
most thinglike (superlative)

From thing + -like. Compare English thingly, German dinglich.

Although Tex had assured me only the other day that New Yorkers prized intelligence, I wasn’t sure mine could be counted on. It didn’t feel like a thing in our very thinglike world, a world where identity began with the choice of massive automobile […]

1988, Edmund White, chapter 2, in The Beautiful Room is Empty, New York: Vintage International, published 1994:

(philosophy) Resembling a thing; having the properties associated with a physical object; objectlike.


axiom scheme

(logic) A formula in the language of an axiomatic system, in which one or more schematic variables appear, which stand for any term or subformula of the system, which may or may not be required to satisfy certain conditions.


schematic variable

en-noun

schematic variable (plural schematic variables)

universe of discourse
universe of discourse

(logic) A variable that appears in an axiom schema and ranges over formulas, distinguished from the variables of the axiom schema that are quantified over and that range over the individuals of the universe of discourse.


axiom schema

axiom schema (plural axiom schemas or axiom schemata)

axiom schemas (plural)
axiom schemata (plural)


subformula

subformula (plural subformulas or subformulae)

subformulas (plural)
subformulae (plural)

(logic) A formula that is part of another formula.


sublunary sphere

sublunary sphere (plural sublunary spheres)

(cosmology) In geocentric cosmologies, that region of the cosmos from the centre of the Earth to the moon, believed to comprise the four classical elements (earth, air, fire and water) and to be subject to generation and corruption.


Voltairean

en-adj

Voltairean (comparative more Voltairean, superlative most Voltairean)

more Voltairean (comparative)
most Voltairean (superlative)

"What do you want? Nineteenth-century rationalism, Voltairian deism? We're living in a religious age, you know. I suppose Anglicanism might be a solution."

1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 448:

[…] the skinny boy at the next table smirked with a thin Voltairian sneer.

1988, Edmund White, chapter 1, in The Beautiful Room is Empty, New York: Vintage International, published 1994:

(philosophy) Of or pertaining to François-Marie Arouet (1694-1778; pen name "Voltaire"), French writer, essayist, and philosopher known for his wit and defence of civil liberties.

voltairovský

of or pertaining to François-Marie Arouet, pen name Voltaire


Voltairean

Then hearing that I was a Darwaysh and doctor—he must be an Osmanli Voltairean, that little Turk—the official snorted a contemptuous snort.

1855, Richard Francis Burton, chapter II, in A Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah, volume I, London: Tylston & Edwards, published 1893, page 21:

“[…] But as for saints and relics and things, I fear I'm a bit of a Voltairian; what you would call a skeptic.”

1922, G. K. Chesterton, chapter 3, in The Man Who Knew Too Much:

(philosophy) A person who subscribes to the philosophy of Voltaire.


cosmicism

The literary philosophy developed by the American writer H. P. Lovecraft, stating that there is no recognizable divine presence, such as God, in the universe, and that humans are particularly insignificant in the larger scheme of intergalactic existence.


Parmenides

From Ancient Greek Παρμενίδης (Parmenídēs).

An Ancient Greek philosopher born in Elea, in southern Italy. Founder of the Eleatic school of philosophy.


hyperreality

en-noun

hyperreality (countable and uncountable, plural hyperrealities)

(semiotics, philosophy) The inability of consciousness to distinguish reality from fantasy, especially in technologically advanced postmodern cultures.


whereness

whereness (usually uncountable, plural wherenesses)

A point hath no dimensions, but only a whereness, and is next to nothing.

1701, Nehemiah Grew, Cosmologia sacra: or a discourse of the universe as it is the creature and kingdom of God:

(chiefly philosophy) Location or position.


computronium

The process of making computers on ever smaller scales, using physical degrees of freedom and the laws of physics in an ever more efficient manner, can be thought of as a refining process. In this process we are trying to refine and concentrate the computing power inherent in the laws of physics. You might ask, "Can we achieve 100% pure 'Computronium'?"

1992, Norman Margolus, “Fundamental Physical Constraints on the Computational Process”, in BC Crandall, James Lewis, editors, Nanotechnology: Research and Perspectives, The MIT Press, →ISBN, page 202:

They should be working on uploading and solving the nanoassembly conformational problem instead. Then we could turn all the available dumb matter into computronium and use it for processing our thoughts. Long-term, it's the only way to go.

2005, Charles Stross, Accelerando, Ace Books, Chapter 1, "Lobsters"

To this end, the AI might produce computronium (matter organized in a configuration that is optimal for computation) and use it to implement digital minds in states of euphoria.

2014, Nick Bostrom, Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies, Oxford University Press, page 140:

(science fiction, philosophy) A hypothetical material engineered to maximize its use as a computing substrate.


Anaximander

From Ancient Greek Ἀναξίμανδρος (Anaxímandros).

uder

Ἀναξίμανδρος

(c. 610 BCE–c. 546 BCE) A pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who lived in Miletus; pupil of Thales and teacher of Anaximenes.


Anaximenes

From Ancient Greek Ἀναξιμένης (Anaximénēs).

(c. 585 BCE–c. 525 BCE) An ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from Miletus; the pupil of Anaximander. He taught that the basic element of which the world is composed is the air.


Anaxagoras

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀναξαγόρας (Anaxagóras).

An ancient Greek philosopher (c. 500 BCE – 428 BCE) from Clazomenae, who is famous for introducing the cosmological concept of nous (mind), as an ordering force.


friend zone

→ Italian: friendzone

Popularized by a 1994 episode of the American sitcom Friends.

Every platonic friend I got is some woman I was tryin' to fuck, I made a wrong turn somewhere, and ended up in the friend zone.

1996, Chris Rock: Bring the Pain, Chris Rock (actor):

Once in a while, you will find yourself stuck in the friend zone. Don't panic, you are not alone.

“Stuck in the Friend Zone,” said Sasha wisely, although I don't think she's dipped a toe in the Friend Zone in her life.

2007, Helen Salter, Does Snogging Count as Exercise?:

(slang) The situation in which one is viewed by a potential partner as a platonic friend, which complicates the initiation of a romantic relationship.


friend zone

en-verb

friend zone (third-person singular simple present friend zones, present participle friend zoning, simple past and past participle friend zoned)

friend zones (present singular third-person)
friend zoning (participle present)
friend zoned (participle past)
friend zoned (past)

→ Italian: friendzonare

The bloke tries to get her attention back, but I've friendzoned him. Poor guy. I do feel bad for the ones who have to try so hard.

2015, Wendy Higgins, chapter 1, in Sweet Temptation, HarperCollins, →ISBN:

While being friendzoned is not a problem, what can be a problem is if it's not clear to both people that ONLY friendship and nothing more is on offer.

2019, Ira Trivedi, Sachin Bhatia, chapter 1, in The Desi Guide to Dating, Harper Collins, →ISBN:

(slang, transitive) To classify as a friend, without any possibility of a romantic relationship.

發朋友卡

to classify as a friend with no possibility of a romantic relationship


nonliteral

(programming, logic) That which is not a literal.


Zeno

Via Latin Zēnō, from Ancient Greek Ζήνων (Zḗnōn), an ancient derivative of Ζεύς (Zeús), from Proto-Hellenic *dzéus, from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws. Modern scientific and philosophical use derives from Zeno of Elea, poser of Zeno's paradoxes.

It is therefore important to be able to determine if a model is Zeno and in applicable cases remove Zenoness.

2000, J. Zhang et al., “Dynamical Systems Revisted: Hybrid Systems with Zeno Executions”, in Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control, page 458:

While this system is not Zeno, it can nevertheless not be considered implementable; thus, the boundedness of activity seems to be a more appropriate abstract concept of implementability of a system with respect to the amount of activity in finite intervals of time.

2005, Heinrich Rust, “Chapter 3”, in Operational Semantics for Timed Systems: A Non-standard Approach to Uniform Modeling of Timed and Hybrid Systems, page 17:

That is, it is necessary to check whether a run is Zeno so as to avoid presenting Zeno runs as counterexamples.

2013, Y. Si et al., “Improving Model Checking Stateful Timed CSP with non-Zenoness through Clock-Symmetry Reduction”, in Formal Methods and Software Engineering : 15th International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods, ICFEM 2013, page 183:

(mathematics, philosophy) Requiring or involving an infinite number of intervals within a finite time.


tetrachotomy

tĕtrəkŏʹtəmĭ

/tɛtɹəˈkɒtəmɪ/

From τέτραχα (tétrakha, “quadripartite”) + τόμος (tómos, “slice, piece”) (from τέμνω (témnō, “I cut”)).


come in from the cold

come in from the cold (third-person singular simple present comes in from the cold, present participle coming in from the cold, simple past came in from the cold, past participle come in from the cold)

comes in from the cold (present singular third-person)
coming in from the cold (participle present)
came in from the cold (past)
come in from the cold (participle past)

/ˈkʌm‿ɪn fɹəm ðə ˈkəʊld/

John le Carré
The Spy Who Came in from the Cold

Literally, the term refers to someone who is outdoors when the weather is cold coming indoors to a warm place. The idiomatic senses were popularized by the title of the novel The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1963) by the British author John le Carré (1931–2020); “the Cold” is a pun on the Cold War, during which the novel is set.

I mean … one can't be out in the cold all the time; one has to come in from the cold … do you see what I mean?

1963 September, John le Carré [pseudonym; David John Moore Cornwell], “The Circus”, in The Spy Who Came in from the Cold, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Coward-McCann, published 1964, →OCLC, page 23:

(espionage) Of a spy: to return home after having gone undercover in enemy territory.

palata kotiin

of a spy: to return home after having gone undercover in enemy territory


ontologism

en-noun

ontologism (usually uncountable, plural ontologisms)

(philosophy) An ideological system which maintains that God and divine ideas are the first object of our intelligence and the intuition of God's existence the first act of our intellect.


nonobjectivist

(philosophy) One who is not an objectivist.


antirealistic

The antirealistic stance of the School of the Art Institute continued to influence him. "

1995 January 6, Harold Henderson, “Are We Missing Something?”, in Chicago Reader:


apotemnophilia

Coined in a 1977 paper by J. Money et al. in the Journal of Sex Research,http://www.jstor.org/pss/3811894, from Ancient Greek ἀπό (apó, “away”) + τέμνω (témnō, “cut”) + -philia.

(psychology) A psychological disorder characterized by the intense and long-standing desire for amputation of a specific limb.


antinatalist

(philosophy, sociology) A supporter of antinatalism.


antinatalism

Antinatalism is a negative view toward human fertility (and perhaps the fertility of other sentient life forms). Philanthropic antinatalism is the belief that humans should not have children for the good of the (unborn) children—that it is better, for humans, not to be born (Benatar, 2006).

2015, Todd K. Shackelford, Ranald D. Hansen, The Evolution of Morality, Springer, →ISBN, page 141:

(philosophy) A family of philosophical views that are critical of reproduction and that consider coming into existence as evil or deem procreation as immoral.

antinatalisme

opposition to the increase in human population


ressentiment

ressentiment (countable and uncountable, plural ressentiments)

rə-säɴ'tē-mäɴʹ

/ɹəˌsɑ̃.tiˈmɑ̃/

/ɹɛˌsɒ̃tɪˈmɒ̃/

From French ressentiment, from an archaic usage of the verb ressentir, via Old French sentir from Latin sentiō, sentīre (“to feel”); in the second sense a semantic loan from German Ressentiment. Doublet of resentiment and resentment.

When the weak call the strong evil the move is not merely defensive; it is also an expression of that peculiar malice which Nietzsche referred to as ressentiment. Those who cultivate humility and the other propitiatory virtues to cloak their weakness nourish an envious resentment against those stronger than themselves.

1973, Philippa Foot, “Nietzsche: The Revaluation of Values”, in Robert C. Solomon, Garden City, editors, Nietzsche: A Collection of Critical Essays, New York: Anchor Books, page 157:

If his attack on Christian morality and on other moralities is going to be worth anything he has got to be right about the effect of teaching pity and justice — that it merely hides the ressentiment of the weak while it does injury to the strong.

Historians such as Liah Greenfield and Daniel Chirot have attributed the major wars and genocides in the early decades of the 20th century to ressentiment in Germany and Russia.

2011, Steven Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature, Penguin, published 2012, page 632:

(chiefly philosophy, social psychology) a sense of resentment arising from deep-seated feelings of envy or hatred, leading the resentful one to blame it on an external agent.


forechoice

(ethics) A motive which is in harmony or agreement with right desire.


antihumanist

But as in the overrated and similarly antihumanist Memento, every sequence proceeds forward; it's only the order of the sequences that's backward.

2003 March 14, Jonathan Rosenbaum, “All and Nothing”, in Chicago Reader:


antihumanism

antihumanism (usually uncountable, plural antihumanisms)

Thus the field moved beyond its early antihumanism, upgrading drivers from unthinking particles to individuals with agendas (and car phones, and tempers, and fast food banquets spread out on the dashboard).

1994 November 11, David Kestenbaum, “Highway to Hell”, in Chicago Reader:

In his frigid antihumanism, Sorokin parts company with Russian satirists like Gogol, Bulgakov, Yuri Olesha and, more recently, Viktor Pelevin.

2007 April 15, Ken Kalfus, “They Had a Hammer”, in New York Times:

(philosophy, ethics) Opposition to humanism.


ersatzism

One of Lewis’s challenges to linguistic ersatzism focuses on the inelimanibility^([sic]) of modality in connecting different levels of ontological description.

2024 April 25, (Please provide the book title or journal name), volume 140, number 1, →DOI:

(metaphysics) The doctrine that only one concrete world exists, and all other possible worlds are abstract.


ersatzist

en-adj

ersatzist (comparative more ersatzist, superlative most ersatzist)

more ersatzist (comparative)
most ersatzist (superlative)

(metaphysics) Pertaining to or exemplifying ersatzism


ersatzist

Linguistic ersatzists hold that even if Lewis happened to be right about which hunks of stuff there are, he would still be wrong about modality.

2008 April 25, Mark Heller, “The Donkey Problem”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 140, number 1, →DOI:


age of judgment

en-noun

age of judgment (plural ages of judgment)

Thus if God fixes and determines the Day of Judgment, upon the foreſight of ſuch a General Impiety as will deſerve a final exciſion, God cannot reveal this to the World: For one would think it impoſſible, did the World know this beforehand, but the Age of Judgment ſhould be the moſt Devout and Religious Age, that ever had been from the beginning of the World; and then that would not be a fit time to deſtroy the World; and God could not foreſee it the propereſt time of Judgment.

1692: William Sherlock, A Practical Diſcourſe concerning a Future Judgment, page 187 (2ⁿᵈ edition; printed by M.R. for W. Rogers, at the Sun over-againſt S. Dunſtan’s Church in Fleetſtreet)

(theology) The time of the Last Judgment


pons asinorum

From New Latin pons asinorum, from Latin pōns (“bridge”) + genitive plural of asinus (“donkey”). Literally, “bridge of donkeys”.

(logic) A method for finding the middle term of a syllogism in Aristotlean analytics.


Cyrenaicism

This reads like an avowal of Epicureanism or of the more selfish philosophy of pleasure known as Cyrenaicism.

1882 August, Contemporary Review, p. 214

(usually derogatory) Synonym of hedonism, particularly (ethics, chiefly historical) the specific beliefs of the philosophical school of Aristippus of Cyrene, advocating pursuit of sensual pleasure as the highest good.


hyle

One of several English variants (in casu Modern English, in the 17th and 18th century) for the Medieval Latin hyle, a transliteration of Aristotle’s concept of matter, in Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “wood(s), material(s), matter, subject”) or πρώτη ὕλη (prṓtē húlē, “fundamental, undifferentiated matter”)


Laozi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the standard Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 老子 (“the Old One, the Venerable One”).

a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step

(inexact, with 'the') Synonym of Tao Te Ching.


metaspace

en-noun

metaspace (countable and uncountable, plural metaspaces)

(philosophy) A space transcending ordinary physical space, such as cyberspace.


metaphilosopher

(philosophy) One who is involved in metaphilosophy.


minimin

(economics, computer science, decision theory) A strategy or algorithm that seeks to minimize the minimum possible result.


omnisexual

This omnisexual libertine who shuttles between his whore and his catamite (with equally regular visits to his tailor) has no classical prototype since aggressive bisexuality was completely acceptable as ‘masculine’ behaviour in ancient Greek society.

1988 August, Susan C. Shapiro, “‘Yon Plumed Dandebrat’: Male ‘Effeminacy’ in English Satire and Criticism”, in The Review of English Studies, volume 39, number 155, →JSTOR, page 411:

There was something in this that made our relationship more than homosexual, and more than heterosexual. Perhaps it could be called an omnisexual relationship.

1996 July 24, Ferdinando Camon with John Shepley, The Sickness Called Man, Marlboro Press, →ISBN, page 9:

In short, all readers can share, consciously and/or unconsciously, Whitman’s omnisexual vision—omnisexual in the all-encompassing sense of embracing auto-, homo-, and heteroerotic impulses.

1998 August 1, James E. Miller, Jr., “Sex and Sexuality”, in J. R. LeMaster, Donald D. Kummings, editors, Walt Whitman: An Encyclopedia, Routledge, →ISBN, →OL, page 631:

These Oedipal tensions are mirrored by a structural conflict between the [new Doctor Who] series’ tacit multiculturalism—captured by omnisexual Captain Jack Harkness, who exemplifies an exogamous future humankind that goes to the stars to “dance” with every species they meet—and the drive to reunite the nuclear family […]

2008 May 2, Mark Bould, “Science Fiction Television in the United Kingdom”, in J. P. Telotte, editor, The Essential Science Fiction Television Reader, Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, →ISBN, page 225:

Being attracted to all genders (sometimes distinguished from pansexual by saying omnisexual attraction may still take account of gender or prefer particular genders).

Psyche’s participation in the archetypical patterns of heroic action logically implies that heroism itself is an asexual or omnisexual archetype.

1979 Autumn, Lee R. Edwards, “The Labors of Psyche: Toward a Theory of Female Heroism”, in Critical Inquiry, volume 6, number 1, →JSTOR, page 44:

Historically, sameness sexism marks the disappearance of conditions in which goddess religions flourished: prepatriarchal conditions in which men imagined women as awesome, omnipotent birth-givers, omnisexual creatures with both big breasts and penises.

1998, Elisabeth Young-Bruehl, The Anatomy of Prejudices, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →OL:

Androgynous, exhibiting traits of all sexes.

Both Queen Victoria and Sigmund Freud have, however, become common adjectives in our time, one describing the Dark Ages of sexual repression, the other an omnisexual world in which everything has sexual significance.

1982 April, Sterling Fishman, “The History of Childhood Sexuality”, in Journal of Contemporary History, volume 17, number 2, →JSTOR, page 279:

To be a virgin in high school wasn't, even in the omnisexual milieu of the Pioneer Valley, such a social black spot.

2009, Jean Hanff Korelitz, Admission, New York: Grand Central Publishing, →ISBN, →OL:

Having or exhibiting sexuality everywhere.


technological singularity

technological singularity (plural technological singularities)

/ˌtɛknəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkl̩ ˌsɪŋɡjəˈlɛɹɪti/

/ˌtɛknəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl̩ ˌsɪŋɡjʊˈlæɹɪti/

Popularized by Vernor Vinge in 1993, by analogy to the gravitational singularity in black holes, where the conventional laws of science are thought to no longer apply, resulting in a breakdown of predictability.

For the consequences for humanity, if a technological singularity did indeed occur, would be seismic. What are these potentially seismic consequences? What sort of world, what sort of universe, might come into being if a technological singularity does occur?

2015, Murray Shanahan, The Technological Singularity, MIT Press, →ISBN, page xx:

A hypothetical future event in human history caused by the ever-increasing ability of new technology to speed up the rate at which new technology is developed.


dormitive virtue

dormitive virtue (plural dormitive virtues)

A calque translation of Latin, virtus dormitiva, coined by Molière in The Imaginary Invalid. In the play, he lampoons a group of physicians providing an explanation in macaronic Latin of the sleep-inducing properties of opium as stemming from its "virtus dormitiva".

The inevitable next suggestion -— that aesthetic experience is distinguished not by pleasure at all but by a special aesthetic emotion can be dropped on the waste-pile of "dormitive virtue” explanations

1968, Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association, American Philosophical Association, page 6:

Solidity now has all the defects of a dormitive virtue, obscurity, unobservability, something-we-know-notwhattery — and none of the advantages of a dormitive virtue

1998, Rae Langton, Kantian Humility: Our Ignorance of Things in Themselves, page 176:

Because (1) is postulated and at the same time used as a covering law, the putative explanations are vacuous in the sense in which explanatory appeals to dormitive virtue are.

2003, Henry E. Kyburg, Mariam Thalos, Probability is the Very Guide of Life, page 66:

Now admittedly, this has the look of a dormitive virtue argument: the reason the intellect can recollect its own activity is that it possesses just such a recollective capacity.

2013, Charles Bolyard, Rondo Keele, Later Medieval Metaphysics: Ontology, Language, and Logic, page 147:

But if talk of such facts just arises via hypostatizations out of the relevant truths, then the facts posited can't explain the truths except via a blatant dormitive virtue explanation.

2021, Karen Bennett, Dean W. Zimmerman, Oxford Studies in Metaphysics, volume 12, page 29:

Fitness is not the empty idea of a dormitive virtue. The point is that although fitness is explanatory, it seems to be a placeholder for a deeper account that dispenses with the concept of fitness [again the propensity concept].

2021, Richard E. Michod, Darwinian Dynamics: Evolutionary Transitions in Fitness and Individuality, page 186:

(idiomatic, rhetoric, logic, linguistics) A type of tautology in which an item is explained in terms of the item itself, only put in different (usually more abstract) words.


akhirah

From Arabic الآخِرَة (al-ʔāḵira, “the hereafter”).


nonspirit

(chiefly philosophy) Absence of spirit; lifelessness, inanimateness.


precisive

en-adj

precisive (comparative more precisive, superlative most precisive)

more precisive (comparative)
most precisive (superlative)

precisive censure

precisive abstraction

(logic) Exactly limiting by cutting off all that is not absolutely relevant.


old flame

There once lived, in a sequestered part of the county of Devonshire, one Mr Godfrey Nickleby: a worthy gentleman, who, taking it into his head rather late in life that he must get married, and not being young enough or rich enough to aspire to the hand of a lady of fortune, had wedded an old flame out of mere attachment.

1838 March – 1839 October, Charles Dickens, chapter 1, in The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1839, →OCLC:

"Edith Bradin's coming," said some one to Gordon. "Didn't she used to be an old flame of yours? Aren't you both from Harrisburg?"

1922, F[rancis] Scott Fitzgerald, “(please specify the page)”, in Tales of the Jazz Age, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC:

But Philip still yearns for an old flame: Schiffer, an Oscar-winning actress.

2008 September 25, Lev Grossman, “Text and the City”, in Time:

(idiomatic) A previous boyfriend or girlfriend; a former romantic partner, especially one for whom one still has romantic feelings.


disjunctive normal form

(logic) The form of a boolean formula that the formula has if the formula is a disjunction of conjunctions of literals, such as “(A and B and C) or (D and E and not F)”.

disjunktiivinen normaalimuoto

the form of a boolean formula that the formula has if the formula is a disjunction of conjunctions of literals, such as “(A and B and C) or (D and E and not F)”


conjunctive normal form

en-noun

conjunctive normal form (countable and uncountable, plural conjunctive normal forms)

(logic) The form of a Boolean formula that the formula has if the formula is a conjunction of disjunctions of literals, such as “(A or B or C) and (D or E or not F)”.


LEM

What constructive mathematicians know is that there are mathematical universes in which sets are like topological spaces and properties are like open sets. In fact, these universes are well-known to classical mathematicians (they are called toposes), but they look at them from “the outside”. When we consider what mathematicians who live in such a universe see, we discover many fascinating kinds of mathematics, which tend to be constructive. The universe of classical mathematics is special because in it all sets are like discrete topological spaces. In fact, one way of understanding LEM is “all spaces/sets are discrete”. Is this really such a smart thing to assume? If for no other reason, LEM should be abandoned because it is quite customary to consider “continuous” and “discrete” domains in applications in computer science and physics. So what gives mathematicians the idea that all domains are discrete?

2005, Andrej Bauer, Mathematics and Computation: The Law of Excluded Middle:

Law of excluded middle
law of excluded middle#English


presentism

presentism (countable and uncountable, plural presentisms)

(philosophy) The view that neither the future nor the past exist (events and entities that are wholly past or wholly future do not exist at all).


M/S

(nautical) Initialism of motor ship. – a ship propelled by an internal combustion engine, such as a diesel engine, in contrast to sailing ships and steamships


infinitary

(mathematics, logic) Of or pertaining to expressions of infinite length


paralogy

paralogy (countable and uncountable, plural paralogies)


Hegelese

We have felt it ourselves when the obvious meaning of Shakespeare has been rewritten into Hegelese, by some Doctor of Philosophy […] eager to apply his new theory of fog as an illuminating medium.

c. 1886, James Russell Lowell, “Don Quixote”, in Lowell's Works, page 122:

To speak Hegelese for a moment, since the deductive processes so discriminated require for their own development, for their own self-realization, to be combined with and enriched by their ampliative complements, in the broad view of these matters required by an investigation of philosophical governance the opposition between them must be overcome.

1988, Frederick L. Will, Beyond Deduction, page 152:

In Hegelese, the fatal weakness of representational language resides precisely in its representational character: in the fact that it remains stuck at the level of Vorstellung, […].

2005, Slavoj Žižek, The metastases of enjoyment: six essays on women and causality, pages 44–45:

(philosophy) The convoluted, obscure style of writing associated with the works of G.W.F. Hegel


latitudinarianism

latitudinarianism (usually uncountable, plural latitudinarianisms)

The implication is that latitudinarianism permits ascription of de re belief too freely, and that the more robust classical conception of de re attitudes is needed to accommodate the explanatory func- tion of belief.

1982, Lynne Rudder Baker, “De Re Belief in Action”, in Philosophical Review:

(philosophy) The latitudinarian position, that de re attitudes are merely a special case of de dicto attitudes


Spinozism

A common weapon against Cartesians in those latter days was an accusation of Spinozism.

1878, J. P. N. Land, “Philosophy in the Dutch Universities,”, in Mind, volume 3, number 9, page 96:

But of course Spinozism in an empiricist mode is Spinozism with a considerable difference, as ethics written in Hume's preferred nonabstruse style (and increasingly nonabstruse from Treatise to Essays and Enquiries) sets a different tone from ethics in ordine geometrico.

1993, Annette C. Baier, “David Hume, Spinozist”, in Hume Studies, volume 19:

Monism, as characterized here, seems to be a commitment both of Spinoza and of variants of Spinozism influential in Germany in the 1780s and 90s.

2002, Sebastian Gardner, Paul Franks, “From Kant to Post-Kantian Idealism”, in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes, vol. 76, p. 230 note 7:

(philosophy) The philosophical doctrine of Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) and his followers.


Spinozistic

en-adj

Spinozistic (comparative more Spinozistic, superlative most Spinozistic)

more Spinozistic (comparative)
most Spinozistic (superlative)

Russell was, I believe, especially inclined toward Spinoza's view mainly in his world-weary writings in the aftermath of World War I, which, he sometimes claimed, had made him more Spinozistic.

1992, Bart Schultz, “Bertrand Russell in Ethics and Politics,”, in Ethics, volume 102, number 3, page 618:

(philosophy) Of, pertaining to, resembling, or representative of the philosophical doctrines of Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677).

spinozista

pertaining to the philosophical doctrines of Baruch Spinoza


Spinozist

The last chapter explores how a contemporary Spinozist might respond.

2001, William E. Connolly, “Review: Spinoza and Us,”, in Political Theory, volume 29, number 4, page 589:

(philosophy) An adherent of or a specialist in the study of the philosophical doctrines of Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677).

spinozista

adherent of the philosophical doctrines of Baruch Spinoza


Spinozist

Spinozist (comparative more Spinozist, superlative most Spinozist)

more Spinozist (comparative)
most Spinozist (superlative)

Dr. Van Vloten . . . tries now and then to be more Spinozist than Spinoza himself.

1878, Frederick Pollock, “Notes on the Philosophy of Spinoza”, in Mind, volume 3, number 10, page 211n:

(philosophy) Alternative form of Spinozistic


nonobjectivism

(philosophy) Any belief system that rejects objectivism.


love hotel

→ Thai: เลิฟโฮเต็ล (lə́əf-hoo-dtel)

Calque of Japanese ラブホテル (rabu hoteru), from English love + hotel, probably after the rotating sign of the Hotel Love, an early love hotel in Osaka, Japan.

A short-stay hotel found in Japan and elsewhere, operated primarily for the purpose of allowing lovers privacy to have sexual intercourse.


ekpyrosis

From Ancient Greek ἐκπύρωσις (ekpúrōsis).

(Stoic philosophy) The supposed periodic destruction of the universe


cyberespionage

Major cyberpowers have engaged in cyberespionage on each other, and committed acts of disruption of information operations or degrading of stored information.

2014, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security, page 45:

Espionage carried out by means of the Internet or in cyberspace.

網絡間諜

espionage carried out by means of the Internet


sophrosyne

From Ancient Greek σωφροσύνη (sōphrosúnē, “soundness of mind, prudence, temperance”) from σώφρων (sṓphrōn, “sane, moderate, prudent”) (from σῶς (sôs, “safe, sound, whole”) + φρήν (phrḗn, “mind”)) + -σύνη (-súnē, abstract noun suffix).

uder

The Ancient Greek concept of an ideal of excellence of character and soundness of mind, which when combined in one well-balanced individual leads to other qualities, such as temperance, moderation, prudence, and self-control.


becomer

A becomer of an action can be either an object or an agent.

1978, N S Junankar, Gautama, the Nyāya philosophy:

(chiefly philosophy) One who, or that which, becomes.


heterotopia

en-noun

heterotopia (countable and uncountable, plural heterotopias)

Michel Foucault gave the museum and the mental hospital as two different examples of heterotopias.

For Foucault, heterotopias are not imagined places but real places that almost delete themselves from public consciousness. They are null sites in awareness, yet inevitable and vital to the construction of space.

2002, James W Flanagan, David M Gunn, Paula M McNutt, "Imagining" biblical worlds:

(philosophy, literary criticism) A space which is alien to what is normal within the society, variably presenting a utopian vision in physical form or serving to segregate subversive elements from the wider society.


superaltern

(logic) A universal proposition from which can be inferred a corresponding subaltern


ludophilia

Latin lūdus (“play”) + English -philia (from the Ancient Greek φιλία (philía, “love”, “fondness”))

uder

[…] based on sicalipsis, with their tastelessness, petty subjects and immodest exhibition of female beauties, became a fitting artistic formula for the hedonism, ludophilia, escapism, and consumerism of the years just prior to the Great War, an atmosphere well reflected in stage settings similar to the ones displayed on the grand avenues and boulevards of the main European […]

2008, Sara Martin, Recycling Culture(s), Cambridge Scholars Publishing, →ISBN, page 169:

Chapter 3 examines the racial and class politics of musical play as they are manifested in negotiations among the postcommunist state, the European Union, the global music industry, and Roma minority groups. The argument foregrounds a disavowed register of European nationalisms: the moral majority’s ludophilia toward “lazy” and “unproductive” Gypsies. Evoking Stuart Hall’s theorization of the playful Caribbean cultural identities, the chapter discusses Roma Rap, […]

2009, Anikó Imre, Identity Games: Globalization and the Transformation of Media Cultures in the New Europe, MIT Press, →ISBN, page 18:


Marx

Karl Marx (1818–1883), a German political philosopher, economist, and sociologist.


agalmatophilia

Ancient Greek ἄγαλμα (ágalma, “statue”) + English -philia

The former included research into alcoholism, transsexualism, painting in therapy, agalmatophilia and tattoo removal: the latter the differential effects of single or double carotid endarterectomy.

1974, New Zealand Medical Journal, volume 79, page 891:

The most famous episode of agalmatophilia in the ancient world dates also to the early third century. It is recounted in the treatise Peri Knidou by Posidippus, probably the homonymous epigrammist of Pella, who was interested in works of art and whose activity dates to around 285-265.

2008, John Petropoulos, Greek Magic: Ancient, Medieval and Modern, page 24:

Interestingly, though, agalmatophilia (the erotic love of statues) is a recognized sexual attraction with a history of labeling as deviant (Blanshard 2010: 28–30). […] Perhaps, though, what we behold in agalmatophilia is a love of art gone too far rather than a queer love.

2016, Elahe Haschemi Yekani, Queer Futures: Reconsidering Ethics, Activism, and the Political:

A paraphilia characterised by sexual attraction to a statue, doll, mannequin, or similar object.


epicurism

en-noun

epicurism (countable and uncountable, plural epicurisms)

From Latin Epicurismus, from Epicurus + -ismus (“-ism”). Equivalent to epicure + -ism.

Deep-hidden under wretchedest god-forgetting Cants, Epicurisms, Dead-Sea Apisms; forgotten as under foulest fat Lethe mud and weeds, there is yet, in all hearts born into this God’s-World, a spark of the Godlike slumbering.

1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “chapter IV, Captains of Industry”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, →OCLC, book IV (Horoscope):


euhemeristic

From euhemerist + -ic, from euhemerism, from Latin Euhemerus, from Ancient Greek Εὐήμερος (Euḗmeros), an ancient Greek Sicilian Skeptic who proposed most or all mythology derived from historical figures and natural events which received supernatural characteristics only through retelling.

A consistent Euhemeristic interpretation of a poet's allusions to his own movements would often lead us to strange results.

1879, F. D. Morice, Pindar, chapter 3, page 37:


euhemerist

en-adj

euhemerist (comparative more euhemerist, superlative most euhemerist)

more euhemerist (comparative)
most euhemerist (superlative)

From euhemerism + -ist, from Latin Euhemerus, from Ancient Greek Εὐήμερος (Euḗmeros), an ancient Greek Sicilian Skeptic who proposed most or all mythology derived from historical figures and natural events which received supernatural characteristics only through retelling.

Synonym of euhemeristic: of or related to euhemerism.


euhemerism

en-noun

euhemerism (usually uncountable, plural euhemerisms)

From Euhemerus + -ism, ultimately from Latin Euhēmerus, from Ancient Greek Εὐήμερος (Euḗmeros), an ancient Greek Sicilian Skeptic who proposed most or all mythology derived from historical figures and natural events which received supernatural characteristics only through retelling.

In regard to the Thracian god Zalmosis, the Hellespontic Greeks interpreted his character and attributes according to the scheme of Euemerism.

1846, George Grote, History of Greece, volume I, page 596:

Then again there was a period of what is sometimes called Euhemerism - the theory that the gods and goddesses had actually once been men and women, historical characters round whom a halo of romance and remoteness had gathered.

1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 10:

(uncountable) The belief that legends and mythology arise from exaggerated descriptions of historical people and events.

يُوهَيْمِرِيَّة

attribution of a historical origin to myths and legends


MSR

I am a shipper, and yes, I prefer to read MSR.

2000 May 8, C. E. McLarney, “Re: NEW: "Remotely Controlled" (1/1) by Marguerite”, in alt.tv.x-files.creative (Usenet):

Although I read MSR occasionally (and at one time did exclusively) the minute I discovered slash I was hooked.

2003 April 14, pjay [username], “slash”, in alt.tv.x-files.creative (Usenet):

Made me want to read MSR again, and I thought I'd finally kicked that habit.

2006 June 12, jzjenn [username], “Paula Graves News”, in alt.tv.x-files.creative (Usenet):

(uncountable, fandom slang) Such fan fiction collectively.


FO

first-order logic
first-order logic#English

(logic, computer science) Initialism of first-order logic.


finitary

(logic) Pertaining to finite-length proofs, each using a finite set of axioms.


BL

From Japanese BL(ビーエル) (bīeru), from ボーイズラブ (bōizu rabu), from English boys + love.

Initialism of boys' love (“yaoi media”).


think of the children

en-verb

think of the children (third-person singular simple present thinks of the children, present participle thinking of the children, simple past and past participle thought of the children)

thinks of the children (present singular third-person)
thinking of the children (participle present)
thought of the children (participle past)
thought of the children (past)

For quotations using this term, see Citations:think of the children.

argumentum ad passiones
argumentum ad passiones#English

(usually as an interjection) An appeal to suspend rational consideration of an issue owing to its presumptive negative effects on the young and impressionable; usually in ironic or mocking parody of another's argumentum ad passiones or moral panic.


holon

From holo- + -on, from Ancient Greek ὅλος (hólos, “whole”) with the suffix -on suggesting a part. Coined by Arthur Koestler in his 1967 book The Ghost in the Machine.

Before an atom is an atom, it is a holon. Before a cell is a cell, it is a holon. Before an idea is an idea, it is a holon. All of them are wholes that exist in other wholes, and thus they are all whole/parts, or holons, first and foremost (long before any “particular characteristics” are singled out by us).

1995, Ken Wilber, “The Pattern That Connects”, in Sex, Ecology, Spirituality, Shambhala, →ISBN, Book One, pages 33–34:

(philosophy) Something that is both a part and a whole.


Hellenophilia

From Helleno- + -philia, from Ancient Greek Ἑλλάς (Hellás, “Greece”).

A love of Greece and Greek culture, whether ancient or modern.


succedent

(logic) The formulas on the right-hand side of a sequent.


scita

From the Latin scīta (“those things that have been sought to be known and learned [by the people and their representatives] and that have been enacted by vote [by them]”), the nominative neuter plural form of scītus (“inquired, enacted, learnt, showing knowledge, fit, suitable, proper”), the perfect passive participle of scīscō (“I seek to know, inquire; I vote for, enact; I learn, ascertain”).

uder

those things that have been sought to be known and learned 􂀿by the people and their representatives􂁀 and that have been enacted by vote 􂀿by them􂁀

(plural only, in the social and political philosophy of Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn) The sum of all the political, economic, technological, scientific, military, geographical, and psychological knowledge of the masses and of their representatives. Usually contrasted with scienda.


scienda

From the Latin scienda (“those things which ought to be known or understood”), the nominative neuter plural form of sciendus (“which is to be known or understood”), the future passive participle (gerundive) of sciō (“I know, understand, have knowledge”).

(plural only, in the social and political philosophy of Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn) The sum of all the political, economic, technological, scientific, military, geographical, and psychological knowledge that a governing body must possess to allow it to reach logically, rationally, and morally sound conclusions. Usually contrasted with scita.


Christological

en-adj

Christological (comparative more Christological, superlative most Christological)

more Christological (comparative)
most Christological (superlative)

(theology) Of or pertaining to Christology


unlove

From un- (“not; lack of”) + love (noun).

Disgust, nausea, loathing—some aspects of yourself and others surely deserve such abhorrent gut responses. But disgust doesn't create suffering— recoil does. Separation is the act of unlove.

How do you experience this sense of unlove in your body? Notice the specific quality of the bodily […] Then see if you can let the feeling of unlove be there just as it is, without trying to fix it, change it, or judge it.

2007, John Welwood, Perfect Love, Imperfect Relationships:

All the most intractable problems in human relationships can be traced back to “the mood of unlove,” a deep-seated suspicion most of us harbor […] The mood of unlove that Wellwood describes is pervasive in our culture.

2011, Christopher Uhl, Teaching as if Life Matters:

The lack, absence, or omission of love; lovelessness; enmity; neglect; hate.


accidens

An Accidens (or accident) of an individual, genus, or species is any attribute which is possessed by it, and which does not follow from, or form a part of, its comprehension. […] If, on the other hand, an accidens is sometimes present and sometimes absent in an individual, […]

1886, Prasanna K. Roy, A Text-book of Deductive Logic: For the Use of Students, page 83:

But, where there is no apparent reason why the attribute should always be found in the individuals of a class, it is called an Accidens.

1896, James Welton, A Manual of Logic, volume 1, page 86:

(logic) Synonym of accident (“a property, fact, or relation that is the result of chance or is nonessential or nonsubstantive”)


blicket

Introduced by Nancy Soja in her 1987 dissertation "Ontological Constraints on 2-Year-Olds' Induction of Word Meanings" from MIT's Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences.
The word was used after Soja by a variety of cognitive scientists, and has gained usage since 2000 in publications by David Sobel and Alison Gopnik of the Psychology Department of UC Berkeley.

So if the child now represents these instances as being blickets, she represents them as being more similar to each other than they seemed previously.

2007 September 1, Daniel A. Weiskopf, “The origins of concepts”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 140, number 3, →DOI:

Later they were presented with the picture of a blicket along with the real object it depicted and asked to indicate the blicket. Many of the 24-, 18-, and even 15-month-olds indicated the real object as an instance of a blicket […]

2012, Issues in Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Research and Practice, page 1627:

(philosophy) A type of novel object with certain properties that may be categorized by a human in certain experiments relating to causality and perception, e.g., triggering a "blicket detector" (a device that lights up and plays music).


Parmenidean

Of or relating to Parmenides, an Ancient Greek philosopher born in Elea.


Xenophanean

Of or relating to the pre-Socratic philosopher Xenophanes of Colophon.


Democritean

Of or relating to Democritus, an ancient Greek philosopher noted for his atomic theory.


bitheism

A form of dualism that recognizes two deities which are not in conflict or opposition (as good vs evil) but rather are in two exclusive forms or states (like male and female).


annihilationism

(theology) The Christian doctrine that sinners are permanently destroyed rather than being confined to Hell.


probabiliorism

(religion, philosophy) The belief that man is fated to do what is almost certainly correct.

Coordinate term: probabilism

(theology) The position that it is not lawful to act on a less safe opinion in moral matters unless it is more probable than a safe opinion.


multiship

en-verb

multiship (third-person singular simple present multiships, present participle multishipping, simple past and past participle multishipped)

multiships (present singular third-person)
multishipping (participle present)
multishipped (participle past)
multishipped (past)

Though I do have a habit of picking a lady chara and multishipping her. Especially hermione. 💁♀

2020 July 2, Emlyn (@evilmaid_), Twitter:

As someone who multiships Chaggie and Charlastor. You guys fighting in the tags is annoying the hell out of me. Please stop using the tags. 😒

2021 February 18, ObsessedKatie (@ObsessedKatie), Twitter:

There’s a reason Sakura is multishipped so much and it’s bc she had interactions/development with almost the entire cast

2021 March 26, @uchihassasusaku, Twitter:

(fandom slang) To ship multiple pairings in the same fandom, especially ones featuring the same character.


nonreductionism

(philosophy, sciences) Any treatment, theory etc. that is counter to reductionism


belgard

Vpon her eyelids many Graces sate, / Vnder the shadow of her euen browes, / Working belgards, and amorous retrate […]

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

(obsolete) A loving look, an amorous glance.


free love

Joseph’s looks and handsome figure had attracted her attention. Every morning she would beckon: “Come and lie with me, love.” Joseph wanted to resist her til one day she proved too eager. Joseph cried in vain: “Please stop! I don’t believe in free love!”

1974, “Potiphar”, in Tim Rice (lyrics), Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat:

Sometimes prudish and sometimes outrageous, Marilyn rationalized her behavior through free love ideas.

2012, Lois Banner, Marilyn: The Passion and the Paradox, page 262:

The practice of sexual intercourse without the restraints of marriage or commitment.


make love, not war

desc

→ French: faites l’amour, pas la guerre (calque)

Originally coined by those who opposed the United States's involvement in the Vietnam War.

I want you to make love, not war / I know you've heard it before

1973, John Lennon (lyrics and music), “Mind Games”, in Mind Games:

A hippie anti-war slogan encouraging love and peace.


transcreation

From transcreate + -ion, trans- + creation or from French transcreation.

(philosophy, theology) A type of creation by a deity or primal force.


soteriological

en-adj

soteriological (comparative more soteriological, superlative most soteriological)

more soteriological (comparative)
most soteriological (superlative)

/səʊtɪəɹɪə(ʊ)ˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l/

From soteriology + -ical, after German soteriologisch.

Despite common metaphorical formulations of the wu-wei ideal, each of the texts I will examine presents its own soteriological strategy for realizing wu-wei in practice, and these soteriological strategies are themselves formulated in terms of conceptual metaphor.

2003, Edward Slingerland, Effortless Action: Wu-wei As Conceptual Metaphor and Spiritual Ideal in Early China, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 12:

In fact he continued to accept Purgatory's existence until around 1530, when he finally realized that his soteriological revolution had abolished it (his change of mind demanded a certain amount of re-editing of some of his earlier writings).

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 608:


categorematic

From Ancient Greek κατηγόρημα (katēgórēma, “a predicate”) + -atic.

uder

The word "man" is categorematic; the word "many" is not.

(logic, of a word) Capable of being employed alone as a term.


catamitism

Effeminacy…may not have been the quality that gave catamitism its meaning; rather, catamitism…may have been the normative danger that qualified effeminacy as a threat to male heterosexual rule.

1994, Michael Ryan, “Foucault’s Fallacy”, in Reconstructing Foucault: Essays in the Wake of the 80s, page 175:

(philosophy, rare) The essence of being a catamite.


protention

en-noun

protention (countable and uncountable, plural protentions)

(philosophy) An anticipation of a future event


sapphic

Clinton and I became peripherally involved with a pair of Leckford Road girls who, principally sapphic in their interests, would arrange for sessions of group frolic.

[...] and rumor had it that the Margo—Eve relationship was inspired by the bisexual Bankhead and her Skin of Our Teeth understudy [...] (The 1947 film version teamed Humphrey Bogart with sapphic stars Barbara Stanwyck and Alexis Smith.)

2013, Boze Hadleigh, Broadway Babylon: Glamour, Glitz, and Gossip on the Great White Way, Back Stage Books, →ISBN, page 194:

Her lyrics are deeply personal and wide reaching and she weaves in indignation at the state of American politics while simultaneously exploring her identity as a black sapphic [pansexual] woman.

2018 December 10, Jess Taylor Weissner, review of Janelle Monae, Dirty Computer, in The Courier, page 18

Perhaps the queer, unnatural, and possibly disturbing conjunctions of the trans and nonbinary sapphic can help to do just that.

2023 July 26, Susan S. Lancer, SAME/DIFFERENCE? TOWARD A SAPPHIC/NONBINARY SEXUALITY OF HISTORY, in https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/hith.12319

Lesbian, relating to lesbianism, or (broadly) to women who are attracted (not necessarily exclusively) to women.


groundable

From Middle English groundable, equivalent to ground + -able.

(philosophy) Capable of being grounded (supplied with a rational basis).


ungroundable

[…] judgments that are ungroundable because infinitely reflective […]

1999, Anthony J. Cascardi, Consequences of Enlightenment:

Insisting on existential decision as the last word in such an ungroundable sphere is one way of understanding ethical responsibility.

2000, Lawrence J. Hatab, Ethics and finitude: Heideggerian contributions to moral philosophy:

Our rational functioning draws energy and guidance from a basic, rationally ungroundable stance or orientation […]

2002, Ronald Alexander Kuipers, Critical faith:

Not groundable.
(philosophy) Impossible to ground.


whenness

(philosophy) Existence at a particular point in time.


transphenomenal

We have said that the distinction between phenomena and the trans-phenomenal is founded upon and interwoven with the distinction in our conscious experience, or in the nature and process of knowledge, between sense and the intelligible, or, better, the spiritual conditions of sense, or between "consciousness," the sensible or "felt" and particular product, and "self-consciousness," the universal and conditioning process.

1894, George Sylvester Morris, Kant's Critique of Pure Reason: A Critical Exposition, page 193:

Yet, inconsistently but fortunately, Kant does repeatedly refer, in the Critique of Judgment, to a trans-phenomenal realm.

1957, Theodore Meyer Greene, Moral, Aesthetic, and Religious Insight, page 87:

But over what transphenomenal imperfections does the immortal soul continue to triumph on and on and on? Is Kant also postulating transphenomenal inclinations?

1980, Walter Arnold Kaufmann, Discovering the Mind: Goethe, Kant, and Hegel, page 120:

Now even that basic finite distinction of a subject which knows and an object which is known, that apparent essential for human knowledge, fades into a more ^([sic]) transphenomenal or transcendental wisdom.

1984, Frank R. Podgorski, Ego—Revealer, Concealer: A Key to Yoga:

(philosophy, especially Kantianism) Of or pertaining to a process, nature, or realm which cannot be directly experienced using such human faculties as conceptualization or perception by means of the five senses.


trans-phenomenal

(philosophy) Alternative form of transphenomenal


nondog

Thus, for example, we can divide the class of mammals into dogs and nondogs.

1980, Alfred Lee Baldwin, Theories of child development:

In essence, without the notion of nondog qualities against which to compare inequalities, we could have no concept of dog.

2004, Julie Yingling, A lifetime of communication: transformation through relational dialogues:


Aquinian

en-adj

Aquinian (comparative more Aquinian, superlative most Aquinian)

more Aquinian (comparative)
most Aquinian (superlative)

(theology) Of or pertaining to Thomas Aquinas (circa 1225-1274), Italian Catholic priest and influential philosopher and theologian.


isness

When I am in my isness, thoroughly purged of all intellectual sediments, I have my freedom in its primary sense.

1970, Daisetz Teitarō Suzuki, Zen and Japanese culture, Volumes 0-9842:

Isness always indicates identity of the other or another in an objective way.

1978, Charles B. Ketcham, A theology of encounter: the ontological ground for a new Christology:

To be aware of knowing God is to know about God and the self — to be thinking in terms of entities — not to have the direct experience of the isness.

2004, Richard H. Jones, Mysticism and morality: a new look at old questions:

(philosophy, spirituality) The quality of being; existence as something.