shallow embedding

en-noun

shallow embedding (plural shallow embeddings)

(logic, uncountable) The act of representing one logic or language with another by providing a syntactic translation.

(logic, countable) A specific mechanism for such a syntactic translation.


deep embedding

(logic, uncountable) The act of representing one language, typically a logic or programming language, with another by modeling expressions in the former as data in the latter.

(logic, countable) A specific such representation.


air kiss

A social gesture in which the lips are pursed as if kissing, but without actual contact.


autoepistemic

en-adj

autoepistemic (comparative more autoepistemic, superlative most autoepistemic)

more autoepistemic (comparative)
most autoepistemic (superlative)

(philosophy) Relating to knowledge of knowledge itself


hermeneut

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἑρμηνευτής (hermēneutḗs, “interpreter”).

bor

Moses, full of sacrificial institutes, is the text, Isaiah and all the prophets are the hermeneuts[…].

1857 May 25, Professor Lumsden, “Conversion of the Jews”, in Proceedings of the Scotland Free Church General Assembly, page 46:

He was a hermeneut who worked out striking interpretations of texts.

1989, George H. Jensen, “Introduction”, in Post-Jungian Criticism, page 3:

Oh, an ardent hermeneut might try to distinguish his or her own experience as more intensively "pop" than that of less authentic metaconsumers passing through Coke's world.

1999, James A. Boon, Verging on Extra-vagance:

In short, Hillman is not a hermeneut but an imagist, or phenomenologist, who sticks to the image, adheres to the phenomenon, and adamantly refuses to interpret it, or reduce it to a concept.

2008, Michael Vannoy Adams, “The Archetypal School”, in Cambridge Companion to Jung, page 114:

(philosophy) A practitioner of hermeneutics: someone who interprets a text.


other side

[I]t has seemed to me wise to take such measures as may be feasible, to acquire, by courtesy of the press, access to my standing obituaries, with the privilege—if this is not asking too much—of editing, not their Facts, but their Verdicts. This, not for the present profit, further than as concerns my family, but as a favorable influence usable on the Other Side, where there are some who are not friendly to me.

1906, Mark Twain, “Amended Obituaries”, in The $30,000 Bequest and Other Stories:

They tell us that something is waiting for us on the other side, that death may be a pilgrimage and not a destination, that the afterlife is a warm awakening after the fretful dream of life.

1994 August 8, Pico Iyer, “Death Be Not a Stranger”, in Time:

"Well, when people from the other side communicate with me, they're using thought energy, just like you can't see radio waves coming into the radio."

2008 April 8, Mark Rahner, “Psychic John Holland talks to the dead”, in Seattle Times, retrieved 2011-07-22:

(idiomatic, usually preceded by the and sometimes capitalized) The afterlife, as a supernatural realm inhabited by spirits of deceased people.


beable

From be + -able; coined by Northern Irish physicist John Stewart Bell in 1984 in partial analogy to "observable".

coinage

1984 J. S. Bell: Beables for Quantum Field Theory CERN-TH.4035/84,
In particular we will exclude the notion of “observable” in favour of that of “beable”. The beables of the theory are those elements which might correspond to elements of reality, to things which exist. Their existence does not depend on “observation”. Indeed observation and observers must be made out of beables.
I use the term “beable” rather than some more committed term like “being” or “beer” to recall the essentially tentative nature of any physical theory. Such a theory is at best a candidate for the description of nature. Terms like “being”, “beer”, “existent”, etc., would seem to me lacking in humility. In fact “beable” is short for “maybe-able”.

In line with the approach to value definiteness taken by modal interpretations, I will also not be requiring that the beables of a quantum system be the same from one quantum state of the system to another.

1999, Michael Redhead, From Physics to Philosophy, page 17:

(physics, quantum theory, philosophy) anything that could possibly be, in particular in any of a number of superimposed quantum states


somnophilia

In contrast, Calef and Weinshel (1972) suggested that somnophilia may be a neurotic equivalent of necrophilia.

2008, D. Richard Laws, William T. O'Donohue, Sexual deviance: theory, assessment, and treatment, page 401:

A paraphilia in which an individual becomes sexually aroused by someone who is unconscious.


acrotomophilia

From the Ancient Greek ἀκρότομος (akrótomos, “having the top cut off”) + φιλία (philía). Compare acrotomous.

uder

You have to already be afflicted with the syndrome of acrotomophilia (which has its genesis in childhood) in order to be turned-on by amputation stumps.

1985, United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Juvenile Justice, Effect of pornography on women and children:

Although there is no adequate explanation of the etiology of acrotomophilia, evidence points to a developmental onset in early childhood...

1987, Psychological abstracts, volume 74:

...the fetishistic attachment is not to an object but to a part of the partner's body, for example the hair or, in the case of acrotomophilia, the stump of an amputated limb.

1990, John Money, Gay, Straight, and In-Between: The Sexology of Erotic Orientation:

(psychology) A paraphilia involving sexual attraction toward amputees.


Wille zur Macht

Unadapted borrowing from German Wille zur Macht (“will to make/create/synthesize”).

ubor

(Nietzschean philosophy) The will to power.


libido dominandi

Unadapted borrowing from Latin libīdō dominandī (“lust for domination”). The term is taken from the first book of Saint Augustine's work De civitate Dei (published in 426).

For quotations using this term, see Citations:libido dominandi.

(chiefly in Voegelinian philosophy) The will to power; the desire to dominate; the lust for government.


justiciar

From Late Latin justitiarius and justiciarius (“justiciar, judge, justice [of the peace]; judiciary, related to justice”), from Latin iūstitia (“justice”) + -āria (“-ary”). As a translation of various Continental European offices, via Middle French justicier, Spanish justiciero, justicia mayor, etc.

(Christianity, theology, rare) A justiciary: a believer in the doctrine (or heresy) that adherence to religious law redeems mankind before God.


necessarian

1810, Charles Buck, Materialists, entry in A Theological Dictionary, Volume 2, page 86,
And the Necessarian asserts, that if, in any given state of mind, with respect both to dispositions and motives, two different determinations, or volitions, be possible, it can be on no other principle, than that one of them should come under the description of an effect without a cause; just as if the beam of a balance might incline either way, though loaded with equal weights.

But neither you nor myself, necessarian as I am, can pretend to this degree of perfection.

1832, Joseph Priestley, edited by John Towill Rutt, The Theological and Miscellaneous Works of Joseph Priestley, volume 4, page 191:

When it is considered that, according to the Necessarian doctrine, no action fails to produce effects, and no effort can be lost, there seems every reason for the conclusion which I have no doubt is the fact, that true Necessarians must be the most diligent and confident of all workers.

1877, Harriet Martineau, edited by Maria Weston Chapman, Harriet Martineau′s Autobiography, volume 1, Cambridge University Press, published 2010, page 112:

doctrine of necessity
doctrine of necessity

(philosophy, theology) An adherent of necessarianism; an advocate of the doctrine of necessity.


phenomenalism

en-noun

phenomenalism (countable and uncountable, plural phenomenalisms)

(philosophy) The doctrine that physical objects exist only as perceptual phenomena or sensory stimuli


justiciary

justiciary (countable and uncountable, plural justiciaries)

From Late Latin justitiaria, justiciaria (“judgeship, judiciarship; court sessions”), justitiarius, and justiciarius (“justiciar, judge, justice [of the peace]; judiciary, related to justice”), all from Latin iūstitia (“justice”) + -āria (“-ary”). Paralleled in Middle English and Early Modern English by forms from Anglo-Norman justiserie (“judgeship, judiciarship”), from Anglo-Norman and Middle French justicerie (“judgeship; tribunal”), from justice + -ery. As a translation of various Continental European offices, via Middle French justicier, Spanish justiciero, etc.

cog

(Christianity, theology) A believer in the doctrine (or heresy) that adherence to religious law redeems mankind before God.


justiciary

en-adj

justiciary (comparative more justiciary, superlative most justiciary)

more justiciary (comparative)
most justiciary (superlative)

(Christianity, theology, obsolete) Of or relating to justification or redemption before God.

(Christianity, theology, obsolete) Of or relating to the doctrine (or heresy) that adherence to religious law redeems mankind before God.


impossibilism

In the next section I examine five fatalist arguments for impossibilism and show that they all fail, and some for reasons more subtle than is usually thought.

2013, Kadri Vihvelin, Causes, Laws, and Free Will: Why Determinism Doesn't Matter, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 35:

(philosophy) The view that free will does not exist and is simply impossible.


indifferentism

en-noun

indifferentism (usually uncountable, plural indifferentisms)

(philosophy) The doctrine of absolute identity, i.e. that to be in thought and to exist are one and the same thing.


occasionalism

occasionalism (countable and uncountable, plural occasionalisms)

(philosophy, uncountable) A metaphysical doctrine that holds that all events are occasioned (caused) by God.


subcontrary

(logic) Denoting the relation of opposition between the particular affirmative and particular negative. Of these both may be true and only one can be false.


subcontrary

(logic) Either of a pair of propositions at least one of which must be true


workly

en-adj

workly (comparative more workly, superlative most workly)

more workly (comparative)
most workly (superlative)

From Middle English *workly, *werklich, from Old English *weorclīċ (“suitable for work”) (attested in unweorclīċ), equivalent to work + -ly. Compare Scots warkly (“diligent, industrious”), West Frisian werklik (“real, actual”), Dutch werkelijk (“real, actual, factual, effective”), German wirklich (“real, actual, true, substantial”), Hunsrik werklich, Swedish verklig (“real, actual, true”).

gloss

attested in <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">unweorclīċ</i>

cog

workly nature

(philosophy, art, linguistics) Of, pertaining to, or performing some action or work; performative.


per impossibile

Moreover it is evident that all incomplete syllogisms are completed by means of the first figure, for all of them are concluded, either ostensively or per impossible, but in both ways the first figure is produced […]

1853 [c. 350 BCE], Aristotle, translated by Octavius Freire Owen, The Organon, or Logical Treatises of Aristotle, volume 1, London: Henry G. Bohn, York Street, Covent Garden, translation of original in Ancient Greek, page 98:

If, per impossibile, large economic inequalities did not threaten political, legal, and social equality, they would be much less objectionable.

1979, Thomas Nagel, Mortal Questions, essay 8: “Equality”, page 107:


age of reason

en-noun

age of reason (usually uncountable, plural ages of reason)

vastuullinen ikä

age at which a person is morally liable for the sins that he or she commits

Book 1:
Reason alone teaches us to know good and bad. . . . Before the age of reason we do good and bad without knowing it, and there is no morality in our actions. . . . A child wants to upset everything he sees; he smashes, breaks everything he can reach.
Book 4:
We hold that no child who dies before the age of reason will be deprived of eternal happiness. . . . The whole difference I see here between you and me is that you claim that children have this capacity [i.e., to recognize the divinity] at seven, and I do not even accord it to them at fifteen.

1762, Jean Jacques Rousseau, translated by Allan Bloom, Émile, or, on Education:

On September tenth — the morning of my seventh birthday — I came downstairs to the kitchen, where my mother was washing the dishes and my father was… reading the paper or something, and I sort-of presented myself to them in the doorway, and they said “Hey! Happy birthday!” And I said “I’m seven.” And my father smiled and said “Well, you know what that means, don’t you?” And I said “Yeah… that I’m gonna have a party and a cake and get a lot of presents (?)” And my dad said “Well, yes, but more importantly, being seven means that you’ve reached the age of reason, and you’re now capable of committing any and all sins against God and man.”

2006, February: Julia Sweeney, “Letting Go of God” performed at TED2006, 0:16–0:54

Since the Church has traditionally understood the age of reason to be seven years old, your daughter would not be too young to receive confirmation at age eight.

c. 2008, Michelle Arnold, "What is the correct age for confirmation?," www.catholic.com (retrieved 29 Oct 2013)

(Roman Catholicism) Seven years of age, at which age a person is morally liable for the sins that he or she commits.


immaterialism

immaterialism (countable and uncountable, plural immaterialisms)

(philosophy) The metaphysical denial of the existence of the material world


Phan

Phish "phans" compile set lists, take notes on performances and tape-record everything from a section designated for them at each show.

2000 September 23, “Eclectic crowd catches Phish”, in The Washington Times:

But none were as crazy as this one -- when Phish's tie-dyed "Phans" danced in the aisles, sang along to the music and generally created a scene that recalled the Grateful Dead's glory daze.

2006 July 9, “Wanna try the meaning of life?”, in Oakland Tribune:

It was the type of evening -- an entirely mesmerizing and moving two-set concert filled with superb musicianship and incredible improvisation -- that made the undying devotion of the "phans" seem quite logical.

2012 August 20, Jim Harrington, “Review: Phish closes SF stand on legendary note”, in Contra Costa Times:

(slang) A fan of the American rock band Phish.


Phan

In 2017 Tumblr fandometrics identified that two of the ten most reblogged ships were RPF ships. YouTube vloggers Dan Howell and Phil Lester, whose ship portmanteau is Phan, […]

2018 June, Emily E. Roach, “The homoerotics of the boyband, queerbaiting and RPF in pop music fandoms”, in The Journal of Fandom Studies, volume 6, number 2:

In hindsight, I now regret the errors of my ways (flashback to the time I was embarrassingly obsessed with Phan, the romantic pairing of YouTubers Daniel Howell and Phil Lester) as I find it uncomfortable to see people make the mistakes I once did.

2019 June 24, Jade Tan, “All Aboard The Ship”, in The High, International School of Lausanne, page 10:

Fans were so frenzied by the idea of a romantic relationship between them that Phan has always maintained a spot in the top five of Yearly Top Ships on Tumblr for the past three years.

2020 May, Sherin John Francis, Kavya Purushothaman, “Fanfiction: A Study as An Uprising Genre in LIterature”, in Purakala, volume 31, number 30, page 28:

(fandom slang) The real-person fiction ship of YouTube personalities Daniel Howell and Phil Lester.


probabilism

probabilism (usually uncountable, plural probabilisms)

(philosophy) The doctrine that, in the absence of certainty, probability is the best criterion.

Coordinate term: probabiliorism

(theology, chiefly Catholicism) The casuistic doctrine that, in difficult matters of conscience, one may safely follow a doctrine that is probable, e.g. approved by a recognized Doctor of the Church, even if the opposite opinion is more probable.


imagism

imagism (usually uncountable, plural imagisms)

/ˈɪmɪd͡ʒɪzəm/

(philosophy) The theory that thinking is based on the formation of images in the mind.


nontime

[…] how perception, taking sensation into consciousness, can take place in the nontime of the Now.

1999, Eva T. H. Brann, What, then, is time?:

(chiefly philosophy) That which is not time.


ignotum per ignotius

From Latin ignōtum per ignōtius, “[to explain] the unknown by the more unknown”.

(logic) A type of fallacious argument in which one attempts to prove something unknown by relying upon an assumption that is also unknown.


behaviouralism

(British spelling, philosophy) The branch of philosophy concerned with objective behaviour


minterm

A Boolean function can be expressed, canonically, as a sum of minterms, where each minterm corresponds to a row (of the function's truth table) whose output value is 1.

If a product term includes all of the variables exactly once, either complemented or not complemented, this product term is called a minterm.

2014 February 17, Linda Null, Julia Lobur, Essentials of Computer Organization and Architecture, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, →ISBN, page 199:

In Boolean algebra, a product term, with a value of 1, in which each variable appears once (in either its complemented or uncomplemented form, so that the value of the product term becomes 1).


poststructuralism

poststructuralism (countable and uncountable, plural poststructuralisms)

The search for a unified theory of social differentiation—a way of bringing together class, race, gender, and sex analysis into a single comparative frame—may not initially appeal to those whose analytical style has been shaped by poststructuralism.

2006, Matt Wray, Not Quite White, page 143:

(philosophy) An extension of structuralism influenced by deconstructionism


lolspeak

The standards are still being fract^H^H^H^H^Hwritten for the language, but the availability of Suitable Wordings from lolspeak verges on the frightening at times.

2007, David DeLaney, “Re: As Others See Us, in this case the DHS”, in rec.arts.sf.written (Usenet):

Study the lolcat version of the book of Genesis, accessible as nltk.corpus.genesis.words('lolcat.txt'), and the rules for converting text into lolspeak at http://www.lolcatbible.com/index.php?title=How_to_speak_lolcat. Define regular expressions to convert English words into corresponding lolspeak words.

2009, Steven Bird, Ewan Klein, Edward Loper, chapter 3, in Natural Language Processing with Python, →ISBN, page 127:

Now, in this first ever feline gospel, they retell 50 popular Bible stories in LOLspeak.

2010, Martin Grondin, LOLcat Bible: In Teh Beginnin Ceiling Cat Maded Teh Skiez An Da Urfs N Stuffs, →ISBN:

Of course, for every feature of LOLspeak we discuss, it is likely that you will find numerous counter examples, as such is the nature of language play. LOLspeak is nothing if not creative.

2011, Lauren Gawne, Jill Vaughan, “I can haz language play: The construction of language and identity in LOLspeak”, in M. Ponsonnet, L. Dao, M. Bowler, editors, Proceedings of the 42nd Australian Linguistic Society Conference, →ISBN:

(Internet slang, neologism) The speech of lolcats, consisting of spelling variations of English, imitating the speech of children and some regional accents.


substantialism

substantialism (usually uncountable, plural substantialisms)

(philosophy) The doctrine that substantial reality is the basis of all phenomena


representationism

(philosophy) The doctrine that thoughts are representations of real, external objects


altarity

Coined by Mark C. Taylor in Altarity (1987), from altar and alterity.

In his deconstruction of the modern subject via the thought of altarity, Taylor relies on the critique of Hegel developed in twentieth-century France...

2001, Victor E. Taylor, Charles E. Winquist, Encyclopedia of postmodernism:

Sacred altarity is the indescribable other that makes the describable possible...

2005, Henry L. Ruf, Postmodern rationality, social criticism, and religion:

altarity is the sense rising from the altar of separation insulating a culture, religion, people, from those defined as outside due to their otherness.

2010, Jason Schwager, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

(philosophy) Otherness exalted as if a religious concept.


lovesome

en-adj

lovesome (comparative more lovesome, superlative most lovesome)

more lovesome (comparative)
most lovesome (superlative)

From Middle English lufsom, lufsum, from Old English lufsum (“loving, lovable, pleasant”), equivalent to love + -some.

inh

(now rare, chiefly Ireland) Affectionate; friendly.


rigorism

en-noun

rigorism (countable and uncountable, plural rigorisms)

(Christianity, theology) In Roman Catholic moral theology, the doctrine that in a case of doubt between right and wrong one should take the safer course, i.e. the one in verbal accordance with the law.


interactionism

(philosophy) A theory in the philosophy of mind which holds that matter and mind are two distinct and independent substances that exert causal effects on one another.


notness

For Heidegger, it is in the notness of nonbeing that we find the possibility for understanding an object, not simply as something other than some other sensible object but also as the being that is other than being.

2004, Martin Kavka, Jewish messianism and the history of philosophy:

(philosophy) The state of not being; nonexistence.


infinitism

(philosophy) The view that knowledge may be justified by an infinitely long chain of reasoning.


locute

en-verb

locute (third-person singular simple present locutes, present participle locuting, simple past and past participle locuted)

locutes (present singular third-person)
locuting (participle present)
locuted (participle past)
locuted (past)

Back-formation from locution. The first sense could also be directly derived from Latin locut-, perfect active participial stem of loquor (“talk, speak”).

The translator locutes propositions, but illocutes nothing at all.

2011, David Braun, “Implicating Questions”, in Mind and Language, volume 26, pages 574–595:

By contrast, for Grice, one who for instance speaks ironically makes as if to illocute, rather than making as if to locute.

2020, The Oxford Handbook of Assertion, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 367:

(philosophy, pragmatics, intransitive or transitive with the utterance as object) To utter a meaningful sentence; to perform a locutionary act.


thingly

en-adj

thingly (comparative more thingly, superlative most thingly)

more thingly (comparative)
most thingly (superlative)

From Middle English thingli, þingly; equivalent to thing + -ly. For sense development, compare Latin reālis.

All works have this thingly character.

2009, Donald Preziosi, The art of art history: a critical anthology:

(philosophy, art, linguistics) Pertaining to the substance of a work, separate from what is conveyed; material, substantive.


optimific

optimific (comparative more optimific, superlative most optimific)

more optimific (comparative)
most optimific (superlative)

The U-agent will have few choices about how to lead his life, few opportunities to act on considerations of the kind of person he is, or wants to become. He will thus have little room for the things we associate with the very idea of 'leading a life'. These will all be submerged beneath the question of which causal levers are optimific.

2001, Will Kymlicka, Contemporary Political Philosophy, Oxford University Press, page 26:

If we suppose that everyone will try to follow some set of rules, some possible rules would be optimific in the sense that, if these are the rules that everyone tries to follow, things would go best.

2011, Derek Parfit, On What Matters, volume 1, Oxford University Press, page 251:

(philosophy) producing the optimum outcome


psychologism

en-noun

psychologism (countable and uncountable, plural psychologisms)

(philosophy) The tendency to describe things in psychological or subjective terms


rezident

From Russian резиде́нт (rezidént). Doublet of resiant and resident.

(espionage) The head spy in a rezidentura.


beatific vision

beatific vision (countable and uncountable, plural beatific visions)

(Christianity, theology) The eternal and direct visual perception of God.


sky daddy

From sky + daddy, originally in reference to the Christian conception of God the Father resident in Heaven.

For starters, having an ideology that explicitly denies the existence of an invisible sky daddy is a bit of a handicap when it comes to assimilating the idea of nightmarish immortal aliens from elsewhere in the multiverse, given that the NIAs in question have historically been identified as gods (subtype: elder).

2010, Charles Stross, The Fuller Memorandum (Laundry Files), New York: Penguin, →ISBN, →LCCN, LCC PR6119.T79 F85 2010, page 81:

An invisible sky daddy didn’t save all those Chilean miners; real people with science and technology got it done!

2010 October 14, “Well Said”, in The Good Atheist, archived from the original on 2011-09-08:

Nature isn’t some sky daddy, it’s what makes up reality by definition.

2011 November 9, Matt Bush, “Nature doesn’t care about us”, in In which I wax acerbic, archived from the original on 2011-11-30:

In the book of fairy tales and myths, a big magical sky daddy delivers the populace his own flesh and blood to get horribly slain so that his resurrected son can become your imaginary bearded hippie-friend.

2011, E. A. St. Amant, The New Ancien Régime, →ISBN, page 79:

“Magic!” said Billy, clapping his hands with delight. “I talked to my sky daddy. He made a magic dream in your heart.”

2011, John Leonard Köehler, Billy Blue Sky:

(slang) A god, especially (derogatory, offensive) God the Father.


predestinarian

But it is wrong to stress only the predestinarian aspect of protestantism […].

1972, Christopher Hill, The World Turned Upside Down, Folio Society, published 2016, page 123:

(chiefly theology) Of or relating to predestination.


horseness

(philosophy) The quality of being a horse.


discursus

Borrowed from Latin discursus. Doublet of discourse.

(logic) argumentation; ratiocination; discursive reasoning


discursion

discursion (countable and uncountable, plural discursions)

/dɪˈskɜːʃən/

/dɪˈskɜːʒən/

From Latin discursiō, from discurrō (“I run to and fro”); compare the English discurre, discurrent, discursation, and discurse.

(philosophy) Ratiocination; step-by-step philosophical reasoning, as opposed to intuition.


obvert

en-verb

obvert (third-person singular simple present obverts, present participle obverting, simple past and past participle obverted)

obverts (present singular third-person)
obverting (participle present)
obverted (participle past)
obverted (past)

(transitive, logic) To infer by obversion.


factory farm

A very large, factory-style farm in which many animals are confined at high stocking density.


explicandum

(logic) That which is to be explained or explicated


antimechanistic

en-adj

antimechanistic (comparative more antimechanistic, superlative most antimechanistic)

more antimechanistic (comparative)
most antimechanistic (superlative)

(philosophy) Rejecting or opposing mechanism.


antiuniversalism

(theology) Opposition to universalism (the theological belief that all souls can attain salvation).


antimechanism

(philosophy) A belief that opposes mechanism.


anticruelty

Opposing cruelty, especially towards animals.


moral suasion

The temperance movement also exacerbated ethnic tensions. Before 1850 this movement had been primarily one of self-denial and moral suasion aimed at persuading the Protestant middle and working classes to cast out demon rum and become sober, hard-working, upward-striving citizens.

1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry for Freedom, Oxford, published 2003, page 133:

(ethics) Persuasion brought to bear by appeals to someone's moral sense or ethics.


anthropodicy

en-noun

anthropodicy (countable and uncountable, plural anthropodicies)

/ˌænθɹəʊˈpɒdɪsi/

/ˌænθɹoʊˈpɑdɪsi/

Blend of anthropo- (prefix meaning ‘human beings, people’) + theodicy (“justification of a deity or of particular attributes of a deity; specifically, a justification of the existence of evil and suffering in the world”). Anthropo- is derived from Ancient Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos, “human being, person; all human beings, mankind”), ultimately possibly Pre-Greek; while the -dicy element of theodicy is from Ancient Greek δῐ́κη (díkē, “justice; judgment, order; law; right”), and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to point out”).

der

[T]he next two [devices or arguments] urge that these distresses are the prices paid for certain compensating advantages to the animals, notably existence. I have some difficulty believing that they are seriously intended, for they would, without alteration, justify the vilest imaginable human slavery and oppression. Nor is it generally true nowadays—though once it was—that those who offer such anthropodicies are much impressed by them in their original form, as theodicy.

1977, Stephen R[ichard] L[yster] Clark, “Devices of the Heathen”, in The Moral Status of Animals, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 59:

(Christianity, philosophy) An attempt, or an argument attempting, to justify that human beings are fundamentally good despite the commission of evil acts by some people.

ანთროპოდიცეა

attempt, or argument attempting, to justify that human beings are fundamentally good


implicator

Residuated implicators are quite important since a t-norm T and an implicator I can only satisfy the residuation principle T(x,y) ≤_L z ⇔ y ≤_L I(x,z) if and only if the implicator I equals the residuated implicator I_T.

2008, M. Nachtegael, P. Sussner, T. Mélange, E.E. Kerre, “An Interval-Valued Fuzzy Morphological Model Based on Lukasiewicz-Operators”, in Jacques Blanc-Talon, Salah Bourennane, Wilfried Philips, Dan Popescu, Paul Scheunders, editors, Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems: 10th International Conference, ACIVS 2008, Juan-les-Pins, France, October 2008, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science; 5259), Springer, →ISBN, page 605:

(logic) The antecedent of an implication.


perceptum

(philosophy) Something that is perceived.


pneumatology

en-noun

pneumatology (countable and uncountable, plural pneumatologies)

From Ancient Greek πνεῦμα (pneûma, “breath”) + -logy.

(Christianity, theology) The study of the Holy Spirit as revealed in Scripture.


hyperjump

(mathematics, logic) A form of Turing jump in hyperarithmetic.


Gehenna

heaven

antonym(s) of “Christianity, uncountable”

Hawaiian: kehena

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin gehenna, from Ancient Greek γέεννα (géenna), from Hebrew גֵּיהִנּוֹם (ge'henom, “hell”, literally “valley of Hinnom”), named after the Valley of Hinnom outside Jerusalem, which was constantly filled with the waste of the city, which was then burnt. Heinous deeds are also associated with this valley, as during the time when Jerusalem was ruled by non-Jews (referred to in scriptures simply as 'pagans') child sacrifice was practiced there.


GCHQ

For the challenge, GCHQ posted a code at www.canyoucrackit.co.uk and invited British citizens to solve it. The code consisted of 160 letters and numbers arranged in a rectangular display.

2013, Ravi Gupta, Hugh Brooks, Using Social Media for Global Security, page 190:

I was inside Government Communications Headquarters, invariably called GCHQ. It's the UK's technical spy agency, only admitted to exist by the government in 1994.

[2018, Carl Miller, chapter 6, in The Death of the Gods […] , William Heinemann, →ISBN:

Government Communications Headquarters
w:GCHQ

Initialism of Government Communications Headquarters.


ghostbusting

(informal) The activities of a ghostbuster; exorcism of ghosts.


Echelon

An international SIGINT network to monitor and gather intelligence from satellite trunk communications.


Carnivore

a computer system designed by the FBI to monitor e-mail and electronic communications


pocket litter

(espionage) Items in a spy's pocket (such as ticket stubs and coins) to make their cover seem more authentic.


intelligence asset

en-noun

intelligence asset (plural intelligence assets)

(espionage) Any resource by means of which intelligence is gathered.


ears-only

(espionage) Too secret to be put in writing; only to be transmitted orally.


wheel artist

(espionage) A specialist in outdoor surveillance in a vehicle.


pavement artist

pavement artist (plural pavement artists)

(espionage) A specialist in outdoor surveillance as a pedestrian.

jalkamies

specialist of outdoor surveillance on foot


burn notice

(espionage) An announcement of dismissal of an agent or source which an intelligence agency considers to have become unreliable.


official cover

(espionage) A cover which is a position at a governmental agency (e.g. posing as a member of the diplomatic service).


eyes-only

(espionage, of documents) Meant to be read only, and not discussed, by the named recipient; classified.


non-official cover

non-official cover (plural non-official covers)

(espionage) The assumption of a covert role in an organization which does not have ties to the government of the operative in question.


live drop

(espionage) A location where two people meet to exchange items or information.

postilaatikko

location used to exchange items or information


dead drop

(espionage) A location used to secretly transfer items between two people, without requiring them to meet.

dode brievenbus

location used to pass items between two people in secret

тайни́к

e,g, шпио́нский

(espionage) The act of leaving an item in such a location for another person to collect.


Russell's teapot

From a teapot described in an article written in 1952 by Bertrand Russell, Is There a God?.

(philosophy) A china teapot which hypothetically orbits the Sun between Earth and Mars, which is too small to be detected by telescopes but cannot be proven not to exist.


celestial teapot

celestial teapot (plural celestial teapots)

Yet strictly we should all be teapot agnostics: we cannot prove, for sure, that there is no celestial teapot.

2006 September 18, Richard Dawkins, The God Delusion, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OL, page 52:


Last Thursdayism

The statement is on the order of Last Thursdayism; it can never be proven or disproven.

1991 June 3, Ken Arromdee, “Re: Firewalking”, in sci.skeptic (Usenet), retrieved 2010-09-30, message-ID <10836@emanon.cs.jhu.edu>:

Any memories you might have of the past were created in your head when you were created, just as the fossils were placed in the rocks to look as if they were from the ancient past. This idea is nicknamed “Last Thursdayism” by the famous philosopher Bertrand Russell as in “the world might have been created last Thursday—how would we know the difference?”

2007 December 15, Donald R. Prothero, “The Nature of Science”, in Evolution: what the fossils say and why it matters, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 9:

Last Thursdayism is a response to omphalism which posits that, by the same logic, the world might have been created last Thursday (or, by implication, any given date and time), but with the appearance of age: people's memories, history books, fossils, light already on the way from distant stars, and so forth.

2009, William Powell, “Creation Theology”, in Philosophy of Scientific Creationism, New Delhi: Global Vision Publishing House, page 224:

(philosophy) The proposition that the universe began to exist last Thursday, with the appearance of age and history.


slashable

en-adj

slashable (comparative more slashable, superlative most slashable)

more slashable (comparative)
most slashable (superlative)

I met so many other great people who have a similar interest in pairing up those oh-so-slashable couples.

1999, Reesa, “My very late Friscon report”, in alt.startrek.creative.erotica.moderated (Usenet):

(fandom slang) Suitable for writing slash fan fiction about.


amoralism

en-noun

amoralism (usually uncountable, plural amoralisms)

Acknowledging the force of that intuition is, however, quite compatible with the possibility of amoralism.

1988, David McNaughton, Moral vision: an introduction to ethics, page 139:

(philosophy) doctrine which advocates absence of, or indifference towards any morality.

निर्नैतिकतावाद

doctrine which advocates ignoring moral issues and norms


pasch

Borrowed from Latin pascha. Perhaps also influenced by Old Norse páskar and its derivatives.

And on the first day of the Azymes, the disciples came to Jesus, saying: Where wilt thou that we prepare for thee to eat the pasch? But Jesus said: Go ye into the city to a certain man, and say to him: the master saith, My time is near at hand, with thee I make the pasch with my disciples.

1749, The New Testament of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. […] Newly reviſed, and corrected according to the Clementin Edition of the Scriptures (Douay–Rheims Bible, Challoner Revision), Matthew 26:17–18:

NOW the feast of unleavened bread, which is called the pasch, was at hand.

1749, The New Testament of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. […] Newly reviſed, and corrected according to the Clementin Edition of the Scriptures (Douay–Rheims Bible, Challoner Revision), Luke 22:1:

Victor, bishop of Rome, A. D. 192, thus writes: ‘[…] (we find) the catholic church celebrate ^([sic]) pasch, not on the fourteenth of the moon, with the Jews, but from the fifteenth day to the twenty-first. […]’

1843, Thomas SMYTH (D.D., of Charleston, S.C.), Presbytery and not Prelacy the Scriptural and Primitive Polity ... Also, the Antiquity of Presbytery; including an account of the ancient Culdees, and of St. Patrick, etc, page 372:

That the pasch must be taken in its usual sense of paschal lamb is clear from the words of the evangelists […]. The foregoing writers impugned the Judaizing Quartodecimans, […] the very existence of their adversaries attests an ancient tradition in the church that Jesus had eaten the pasch on the fourteenth day of Nisan. This error on the part of the orthodox champions must have arisen from the principle that Jesus is our true pasch, stated by St. Paul […].

1898, A. J. Maas, The Gospel According to Saint-Matthew: With an Explanatory and Critical Commentary, page 262:

For this reason the Hundred and Fourteenth Psalm is written, because it is the recompense of love; whence the pasch of the Lord received its manner of celebration at the fourteenth moon; since, he who celebrates the pasch ought to be perfect;[…]

1925, Catholic University of America, Patristic Studies, page 77:

[…] after a few words in which the pasch has not as yet been mentioned by name, he adds, “And thus shall you eat it: with your loins girded, your sandals on your feet, and your staffs in your hands; and you shall eat it in haste. It is the pasch of the Lord.”

1989 [c. 226–229 CE], Origen, translated by Ronald E. Heine, Commentary on the Gospel of John, Catholic University of America Press, translation of original in Ancient Greek, →ISBN, page 271:

(theology or archaic) The feast of Passover or (specifically) the Paschal Lamb, or (for Christians), Easter, seen as the fulfillment of Passover.

The Man-God had scarcely returned to His Father when the Apostles hastened to establish a solemn festival to commemorate His pasch, that is to say, His glorious passage from death to life.

1884, Jean Gaume, The Catechism of Perseverance; Or, An Historical, Dogmatical, Moral, Liturgical, Apologetical, Philosophical, and Social Exposition of Religion: From the Beginning of the World Down to Our Own Days, page 381:

The immediate future of his pasch is his saving death, through which humanity is reconciled. The long-term, eschatological future is found in the promise of his resurrection and embraces the whole future of the life of the Church […]

1999, Anscar J. Chupungco, Handbook for Liturgical Studies: The Eucharist, Liturgical Press, →ISBN, page 330:

Rather, an ecclesiology nourished in the book of Nehemiah continually returns to Christ's pasch, to the people of God's dependence upon divine mercy in Christ.

2007 10, Matthew Levering, Ezra & Nehemiah, Brazos Press, →ISBN, page 212:

They were alone with the Messiah of Israel and made up his paschal group, the “passahhaburah”; they were the companions of his pasch, “the Twelve,” the nucleus of the Israel of the future, that “remnant” of Israel […]

2013, F. X. Durrwell, In the Redeeming Christ, Ave Maria Press, →ISBN, page 114:

(2) Jesus' pasch, his death and resurrection (from which there is no reason to exclude his life), is gospel, to which we respond substantially in orthodoxy; […]

2015, Jon Sobrino, Christ the Liberator: A View from the Victims, Orbis Books, →ISBN:

(theology or archaic) The Paschal Mystery; the death and resurrection of Jesus.


with cause

(law, ethics) Alternative form of for cause


for cause

Section 863. Removal of Guardian for Cause.—The court of chancery may remove all guardians, whether appointed by probate tribunals or by the court itself, or by testament, or by the legislature, whenever the guardian abuses his trust, or the interests of the ward require it.

1889, John Davison Lawson, Rights, Remedies, and Practice, at Law, in Equity, and Under the Codes, volume 2, Bancroft Whitney, page 1556:

A common bee will sting and kill another common bee, for cause, but when it is necessary to kill the queen other ways are employed.

c. 1917, Mark Twain, Concerning Tobacco:

As a result, Grace said, its directors decided "to request Mr. Bolduc's resignation, but not to seek his termination for cause."

1995 April 10, John Greenwald et al., “Sex, Lies and W. R. Grace”, in Time:

The court noted this August, that an employee can be fired for cause based on incompetence, if he or she consistently fails to meet reasonable standards.

2009 October 28, “Incompetence is cause for firing”, in Financial Post, Canada, retrieved 2010-10-19:

(law, ethics) For a legitimate, specific reason; with justification.


outness

outness (usually uncountable, plural outnesses)

* out + -ness.
** (philosophy): Possibly coined by George Berkeley for his 1709 Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision
** (sexuality): Popularised by Lynne Pearlman in her 1989 thesis Theorizing Lesbian Oppression and the Politics of Outness in the Case of Waterman v. National Life Assurance.

From what we have shewn it is a manifest Consequence, that the Ideas of Space, Outness, and things placed at a distance are not strictly speaking, the Object of Sight.

1709, George Berkeley, Towards a New Theory of Vision:

(philosophy) The collective of things that are distinct from the observer.

Distance means degree of outness of one thing from another; but it presupposes outness as a fact and a conception.

(philosophy) The property of being distinct.


graphoid

(logic) A set of statements of the form, "X is irrelevant to Y given that we know Z" where X, Y and Z are sets of variables, which can be manipulated by a set of axioms concerning informational irrelevance and its graphical representation.


Jaspis

Blend of jasper and lapis (from lapis lazuli).

(fandom slang) The ship of characters Lazuli Jasper and Lapis Lazulifrom the Steven Universe series.


counterproof

It seems that ghosts and legendary encounters in general thrive under the protection of law because their extranormal statements and implications require proof and provoke the less convincing counterproof.

2001, Linda Dégh, Legend and Belief: Dialectics of a Folklore Genre, page 4:

(logic) A proof that contradicts a given statement.


Abwehr

Borrowed from German Abwehr (“defence; counter-intelligence”).

bor+

intelligence service
intelligence service

(historical) The military intelligence service of the German Weimar Republic and Third Reich, from 1920 to 1944 or 1945.


Wittgenstein

Ludwig Wittgenstein, an Austrian-born twentieth-century philosopher noted for the idea of "family resemblance" as that which individual objects of a sense of a term have in common.


transworld

But it doesn't really come to the same thing, because the usual notion of a criterion of transworld identity demands that we give purely qualitative necessary and sufficient conditions for someone being Nixon.

1972, Saul Kripke, Naming and Necessity, page 46:

If we start with transworld individuals which exist in several possible worlds, we can, as Lewis pointed out, construct world-specific individuals as ordered pairs, of which the first member is a transworld individual and the second member is a possible world ...

1979, Robert Merrihew Adams, “Theories of Actuality”, in The Possible and the Actual: Readings in the Metaphysics of Modality:

Although this approach avoids the problem of specifying transworld identity relations, it provokes another objection concerning the essential properties that must be attributed to any individual in a world in which the individual exists.

1988, William Bechtel, Philosophy of Mind: An Overview for Cognitive Science:


Rocketshipper

From rocket + shipper (after the characters' team, Team Rocket, and punningly on rocketship).

Those of you who have read my fanfics will know that I am a Rocketshipper.

2000 January 13, Blue-Jackal and her box-o-Skywarp [username], “Jessie and James, an item?”, in alt.fan.team-rocket (Usenet):

All the Rocketshippers love to talk about evidence in favor of Jessie/James being in love and such.

2000 February 7, BBD127 [username], “Rocketshipping... negative evidence?”, in alt.fan.team-rocket (Usenet):

You realize, of course, that this thread would probably get us lynched by the large Rocketshipper population on the net.

2001 January 15, Bodger [username], “Re: Gay couple in Godzilla vs. Megalon”, in rec.arts.tv.mst3k.misc (Usenet):

(fandom slang) A shipper of Jessie and James, characters in the animated version of Pokémon.


neology

en-noun

neology (countable and uncountable, plural neologies)

From neo- + -logy. In the theological sense, originally implying its proponents were innovators departing from religious tradition.

What else can be the tendency of such miserably gratuitous assertions, but to plant the pernicious germs of Continental and Anglican neology and rationalism in the breasts of fledgling “ministers” of the Church?

1876, Moses Margoliouth, The Lord’s Prayer No Adaptation of Existing Jewish Petitions […], page 146:

Neology was the most influential religious movement during the second half of the eighteenth century in Protestant Germany. […] The adherents of the movement sought true Christianity, or natural religion, by way of historical-critical study of the Bible and critical examination of Christian doctrines.

1995, Sabine Roehr, A Primer on German Enlightenment […], →ISBN, page 69:

historical criticism
historical criticism

(historical, originally derogatory) A reformist school of 18th- and 19th-century Christian theology influenced by doctrinal rationalism and the methods of historical criticism.


apodictically

en-adv

apodictically (comparative more apodictically, superlative most apodictically)

more apodictically (comparative)
most apodictically (superlative)


free grace

Justification is an act of God's free grace wherein he pardoneth all our sins. (the Westminster shorter catechism of 1647, question 33http://books.google.com/books?id=7gMNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA683&dq=%22Free+Grace%22&hl=en&ei=-pv_TLz3Hsrf4ga0-ISdCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Free%20Grace%22&f=false)

(theology) A concept of grace as a gift given freely by God, without regard to entitlement or merit.


eliminativistic

en-adj

eliminativistic (comparative more eliminativistic, superlative most eliminativistic)

more eliminativistic (comparative)
most eliminativistic (superlative)

(philosophy) Of or pertaining to eliminativism.


Romeo and Juliet

From a tragedy, written by Shakespeare, about two young lovers named Romeo and Juliet whose deaths ultimately unite their feuding families.

Unlike cynical you, however, I do believe a Romeo and Juliet love is possible.

1996, Katherine Stone, Rainbows, page 73:

We all married—well, most of us married—for love, for some version of Sinatra and Casablanca love, for a love that would light up our lives and cast out fear, for a Romeo and Juliet love (except with a better ending), for a love that the poet John Donne once wrote "makes one little room an everywhere."

2008, Judith Viorst, Grown-Up Marriage: What We Know, Wish We Had Known, and Still Need to Know, page 6:

A pair of lovers, particularly if they are young, visibly enamored, and come from families or groups that are on opposing sides of a dispute.


WAFF

en-noun

WAFF (countable and uncountable, plural WAFFs)

Acronym of warm and fuzzy feeling(s). Reportedly coined by fans of the television series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman (1993-1997). First attested on alt.tv.lois-n-clark as part of a fandom glossary in January 1996.

Why wait until the series is close to an end to change their relationship, leaving fans with a feeling of having been cheated of great WAFFs (Warm And Fuzzy Feelings)?

1996 January 7, Nancy Lemieux, “Re: The girlfriend/boyfriend thing”, in alt.tv.x-files (Usenet):

Sharon remembers the WAFFs, the romance, the cuddling, the tender bits, the honesty and openness between our heroes and gives the episode an A+.

1996 March 18, Colonel X, “Re: Camping With Clark”, in alt.tv.lois-n-clark (Usenet):

I did love Dad Kent's response to her, beginning with "Dearest Lois, a love... [I've forgotten the rest, but it was a major WAFF for me :-)]

1996 May 14, Polly Robinson, “Re: Clark's disappearance”, in alt.tv.lois-n-clark (Usenet):

(countable, fandom slang) A warm and fuzzy feeling, especially in relation to a ship.

Any idiot would have to know that 99% of the fans expect the relationship to progress, but Singer's answer just doesn't give fans that WAFF that they may need after feeling so betrayed by the current arc.

1996 March 6, KalElFan, “Damage Control at TPTB Central”, in alt.tv.lois-n-clark (Usenet):

Well, I can now see why ABC did not hop on the boards here to try and quell the disquiet the 'wedding' arc caused. A) because there is no wedding in the arc, and B) The episode isn't quite the WAFF one might expect.

1996 March 16, Zoomway, “Updated Spoilers on OW”, in alt.tv.lois-n-clark (Usenet):

It's a pity that this term isn't used on atxc, as I'd describe this as a lovely slice of Moose & Squirrel WAFF (stands for warm-and-fuzzy-feelings).

1999 July 14, Harper, “Re: xfc NEW: When God Dreams, 3 of 3. by Snark, rated PG”, in alt.tv.x-files.creative (Usenet):

(uncountable, fandom slang) Such feelings collectively.


miaphysite

A modern coinage from Byzantine Greek μία (mía, “one”) + φύσις (phúsis, “nature, substance”) + -ite; see Miaphysitism for more.

The leaders of the Miaphysite cause across the empire still loudly proclaimed their loyalty to the imperial throne, and there is no reason to doubt that most were sincere.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 233:

(theology) Of or pertaining to Miaphysitism; maintaining that Christ has a single, though composite, nature.


friendship with benefits

friendship with benefits (countable and uncountable, plural friendships with benefits)

(idiomatic, euphemistic) A platonic friendship where the partners engage in sexual activities, but do not consider themselves a couple.


old soul

An old soul will often change jobs not because of an inability to perform, but rather because the job is unfulfilling.

2010, Laurel Phelan, Healing Through Time, page 57:


philosophist

From philosophy + -ist. First attested in the late 1500s.


pissplay

We did everything we'd written about, even pissplay. The sex was great, but she was hysteric. She didn't want me to have sex with other women; she left her husband for me. That was a real tragedy, and I learned my lesson.

2000, “Eurydice”, in Satyricon USA: A Journey Across the New Sexual Frontier:

GWM, grn, brn, 41, looking for asian or hispanic that wants to piss all over or in me. Do you live in the San Jose, CA area. Email me. Looking for fun.

1998, Herryass, “PissPlay”, in alt.sex.watersports (Usenet):


positive logic

(logic) A logical system or fragment thereof not containing a negation operator.


pedosexuality

The idea that women can't be guilty of pedosexuality has been found to be a myth. Sexual abuse of children by women is usually perpetrated by mothers on their own offspring.

2014, D. F. Swaab, We Are Our Brains: A Neurobiography of the Brain, →ISBN:

(uncommon) Sexual activity between an adult and a child.

pédosexualité

sexual activity between an adult and a child


pedosexual

1994, T. P. Smith, Effects of the child's relative age appearance and attractiveness on vulnerability to pedosexual interactions (Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas at Austin, 1993; published by Dissertation Abstracts International, 54(12), 6472B)

(uncommon, of an act or behavior) Being or constituting pedosexuality, sexual activity between an adult and a child.

pedoseksuaalinen

constituting sexual activity between adults and children


pedosexual

There, pedosexuals are helped by a group of volunteers after their detention. The resulting social network has been shown to cut reoffending rates quite considerably.

(uncommon) An adult who is sexually active with children.


classical logic

classical logic (countable and uncountable, plural classical logics)

The Lindenbaum-Tarski algebra of propositional classical logic is a Boolean algebra.

(logic) A kind of logic based on the principles that each proposition has a truth value of either "true" or "false", but not both, and that if a proposition were to be both true and false or neither true nor false then a result would be that all propositions would be both true and false.


quaesitum

From Latin quaesitum, from quaerō (“to seek”).

(philosophy) Something sought or required.


logical positivist

logical positivist (plural logical positivists)

(philosophy) An adherent of the logical positivism school of philosophy


logical positivism

logical positivism (usually uncountable, plural logical positivisms)

(philosophy) A 20th-century school of philosophy which held that all knowledge is based on logical inferences from empirical observations.


duck test

From the expression if it looks like a duck, swims like a duck, and quacks like a duck, then it probably is a duck.

(epistemology, philosophy) A form of abductive reasoning, application of intuition, or common sense regardless of technical parameters, to identify an ostensibly unknown subject by observing that subject's characteristics.


Amyraldism

Named after its formulator, Moses Amyraut, + -ism.

four-point Calvinism
four-point Calvinism

(theology) A form of Protestant belief also known as four-point Calvinism.


limited atonement

(theology) A doctrine, one of the five points of Calvinism, stating that Jesus Christ's substitutionary atonement on the cross is limited in scope to those who are predestined unto salvation, which is conferred only to believers.


unconditional election

(theology) A Christian doctrine, one of the five points of Calvinism, stating that Jesus Christ's substitutionary atonement on the cross is extended to those predestined to become a believer, at God's discretion and without condition.


irresistible grace

(theology) A Christian doctrine, one of the five points of Calvinism, stating that the salvific benefit of Jesus Christ's substitutionary atonement on the cross is extended to those predestined unto salvation, without any possibility of Satan or sin successfully defeating God's election.


De Morgan's law

De Morgan's law (plural De Morgan's laws)

/dɨˈmɔɹɡɪnzˌlɔ/

Named after the British mathematician and logician Augustus De Morgan (1806–1871), who first formulated the laws in formal propositional logic.

Let ‘F’ stand for the state of affairs that consists in finite persons possessing and exercising free will. Let ‘p’ stand for ‘God exists’; ‘q’ for ‘F obtains’; ‘r’ for ‘F poses a serious risk of evil’; and ‘s’ for ‘There is no option available to God that counters F.’ With this in place, the argument may be formalized as follows:
(1) [(p & q) & r] → s Premiss
(2) ~s Premiss
(3) ~[(p & q) & r] 1, 2 MT
(4) ~(p & q) v ~r 3 DM
(5) r Premiss
(6) ~(p & q) 4, 5 DS
(7) ~p v ~q 6 DM
(3) follows from the conjunction of (1) and (2) by modus tollens; De Morgan’s law applied to (3) yields (4); (4) and (5) together lead to (6) by disjunctive syllogism; and another application of De Morgan’s law takes us from (6) to the final conclusion, according to which either God exists or there is free will (but not both).

2004 August, J. L. Schellenberg, “The Atheist’s Free Will Offence”, in International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, volume 56, № 1, pages 11-12:

(mathematics, logic) Either of two laws in formal logic which state that:

The negation of a conjunction is the disjunction of the negations; expressed in propositional logic as: ¬ (𝑝 ∧ 𝑞) ⇔ (¬ 𝑝) ∨ (¬ 𝑞)

The negation of a disjunction is the conjunction of the negations; expressed in propositional logic as: ¬ (𝑝 ∨ 𝑞) ⇔ (¬ 𝑝) ∧ (¬ 𝑞)


perseverance of the saints

perseverance of the saints (uncountable)

(theology) A Christian doctrine, one of the five points of Calvinism, stating that true believers in Jesus Christ's substitutionary atonement on the cross (the "saints") cannot relapse and are predestined to salvation.


metemorphothe

From Ancient Greek μετεμορφώθη (metemorphṓthē), third person singular passive aorist of μεταμορφόω (metamorphóō, “to transform”) (thus meaning "he was transformed").

der

(theology) The Transfiguration of Christ.


equiprimordial

/ˌiːkwɪpɹaɪˈmɔːdɪəl/

Coined by John Macquarrie in his 1960 The Scope of Demythologizing as equi- + primordial, translating Martin Heidegger’s German gleichursprünglich.

If what has been said above on the subject of language and existence has any truth in it, then we must look on the myth as an undifferentiated matrix of meaning. Only later were the various meanings sorted out, but they were all latent in the myth from the beginning. If we may borrow a favourite word of Heidegger, we may say that they are ‘equiprimordial’.

1960, John Macquarrie, The Scope of Demythologizing: Bultmann and His Critics, SCM Press, page 213:

(philosophy) Existing together as equally fundamental ab initio; coöriginal.

gleichursprünglich

existing together as equally fundamental ab initio


coöriginal

/ˌkəʊəˈɹɪdʒənəl/

/ˌkoʊəˈɹɪd͡ʒənəl/

It would doubtless be out of place to enter here into any investigation in regard to the origin of our ideas; but I think it will be apparent, that the notion of continuity is coöriginal with that of personal identity, and therefore, antecedent to argumentation[.]

1848, George Clinton Whitlock, Elements of Geometry, Theoretical and Practical, part 1, book 2, § 1, page 63:

Others again deny the evidence of consciousness to the equipoise of the subject and object as coördinate and coöriginal elements; and as the balance is inclined in favor of the one relative or the other, two opposite schemes of psychology are determined.

1859, Sir William Hamilton [lect.] and Henry Longueville Mansel and John Vietch (editors), Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic, volume 1: “Metaphysics”, lecture XVI: “Consciousness, — Violations of Its Authority”, page 206

(philosophy) Existing together ab initio; equiprimordial.


social contract

en-noun

social contract (plural social contracts)

In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. The welfare state is dismantled. […]

2013 May 17, George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 23, page 19:

When scammers large and small live better than those creating value in the real economy, the Social Contract has ceased to exist.

2023 April 24, Charles Hugh Smith, America's Social Contract Is Broken:

(philosophy, politics) An implicit agreement or contract among members of a society governing such matters as submission of individuals to the rule of law and acceptable conduct.


image macro

What were the various image macros? ... [img-foo]: See Image Macro. A list of official [img-foo]s are above, but any common image that's used often can replace foo. [img-motorcycle.jpg] for instance.

2001 August 25, anotherone, “Something Awful forums FAQ By anotherone”, in http://anotherone0.tripod.com/, archived from the original on 2001-08-25:

That would make such a good image macro, could i use it sometime?

2001 September 25, Guest, “Meddling kids!”, in 3D Realms Forums, archived from the original on 2007-02-07:

2001 October 22, <deleted user>, “Ill advised image macros never intended for use”, in Something Awful Forums, retrieved 2013-09-11:

Now, the term Image Macro refers to any frequently used image, usually with text proclaiming "YOU SUCK AT THE INTERNET!" or something.

2002 February 22, anotherone, “Something Awful forums FAQ By anotherone”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), archived from the original on 2001-08-25:

(Internet) An image with superimposed text, often humorous.


open relationship

open relationship (plural open relationships)

"But practically and logistically, what does an open relationship actually involve? Apparently, it's about 'being able to love yourself and others, plus healing some of the guilt and shame we have around our sexuality," says Susannah.

2003 January 26, Rose Rouse, “Multiple choices”, in The Observer:

"Ryan wants to have sex and says he and his boyfriend have an open relationship, but I feel too guilty to go all the way."

A romantic and/or sexual relationship in which the people involved are permitted or tolerated to be available to have additional simultaneous romantic and/or sexual relationships.

relació oberta

a relationship with possible additional relationships


I see what you did there

Book a tabla now (te-he) www.electromancer.com/artists/squishmusic [Yes, very good, I see what you did there - Ed].

Leonard Hofstadter: Of course, we're in different departments. He's an engineer and I'm an experimental physicist. You know, one of guys who examines the building blocks of creation and says: "Hello, maker of the universe. I see what you did there. Good one."

2010 November 4, Bill Prady, Steven Molaro & Steve Holland, "The Apology Insufficiency", episode 4-7 of The Big Bang Theory, 00:05:03-00:05:19

"Wait. I see what you did there. You turned my comment around on me so that it would be an insult. You are one clever gal, Dr. Rodgers."

2011, Grant R. Jeffrey, Alton L. Gansky, The Scroll, WaterBrook Press, →ISBN, page 103:

Oh, I see what you did there! You made a little "bacon" joke at moi's expense. You got a death wish or something, buster?!

2011 November 19, “Fast chat: Miss Piggy of 'The Muppets'”, in Newsday:

(informal, humorous) An expression used to point out that another person's joke or cleverness has been recognized or understood, either to acknowledge its cleverness or alternatively to communicate a lack of amusement.


extensionality

extensionality (usually uncountable, plural extensionalities)

ekstensjonalność

the principle of distinguishing only by externally observable properties

(philosophy) The principle that objects are equal if and only if their observed properties are the same, regardless of internal processes that lead to those properties.


axiom of extensionality

(set theory) One of the axioms in axiomatic set theory, equivalent to the statement that two sets are equal if and only if they contain the same elements.


dacryphilia

/ˌdækɹɪˈfɪlɪə/

From Ancient Greek δάκρυ (dákru, “tear”) and φίλος (phílos, “loving”) (or dacry- + -philia).

On registration, the user is prompted to complete a 'fetish list', most of which the average layman would need a BDSM dictionary for: acts such as Dacryphilia, Cupping or Klismaphilia.

2008, The Library Association of Australia, Archives and Manuscripts: The Journal of the Archives Section - Volume 36, Issues 1-2:

Dacryphilia is a non-normative sexual interest that involves enjoyment or arousal from tears and crying, and to date has never been researched empirically.

2015, Richard Greenhill, Mark D. Griffiths, “Compassion, dominance/submission, and curled lips: A thematic analysis of dacryphilic experience”, in International Journal of Sexual Health, volume 27, number 3:

Perhaps dacryphilia, arousal by tears, is nearer to the mark -- certainly in Mandogi's Ghost this seems possible, not least because the text effects a seamless (unwounded) transition between the living Mandogi and (of course) his ghost.

2016, David Punter, The Gothic Condition: Terror, History and the Psyche, →ISBN:

The present study depicts the case of Angela M, a straight Romanian woman in her mid-twenties who has a sexual interest in dacryphilia (ie she derives sexual pleasure and arousal from crying and/or tears).

2016, Richard Greenhill, Mark D. Griffiths, “Sexual interest as performance, intellect and pathology: A critical discursive case study of dacryphilia”, in Psychology & Sexuality, volume 0:

FRANKLIN: I don't know. Listen lady, I don't know what you're into-
VAN HELSING: Asphyxiaphilia, dacryphilia, sadism, masochism, androphilia, necrophilia, ass worship, and just overall full fledge kink, what about you?

2012, Reginald Edmund, Blacula: Young, Black, and Undead:

A paraphilia in which one is aroused by tears or sobbing.


phantasia

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-fantasia.wav

Borrowed from Latin phantasia (“fancy, fantasy; imagination”), and from its etymon Ancient Greek φᾰντᾰσῐ́ᾱ (phantasíā, “appearance, look; display, presentation; pageantry, pomp; impression, perception; image”), from φᾰ́ντᾰσῐς (phántasis) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Φᾰ́ντᾰσῐς (Phántasis) is derived from φᾰντᾰ́ζω (phantázō, “to make visible, show; to become visible, appear; to imagine”), from φαίνω (phaínō, “to appear; to reveal; to shine”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”). The English word is a doublet of fancy, fantasia, fantasy, and phantasy.

doublet

Phantasia, then, is the animal's awareness of some object or state of affairs, which may well prove to be an object of desire. [...] I am thirsty; I have (in the absence of the object) a phantasia of drink. [...] Phantasia can also be used to account for delusion in practical cases: "Poor dog, he saw that as water (or as drink) when it was really ammonia solution."

1978, Martha Craven Nussbaum, Aristotle’s De Motu Animalium […], Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, published 1985, →ISBN, page 261:

[T]he possibility of eating a piece of pie might be presented to you by your seeing it on the kitchen table. This stage is called phantasia, presentation or impression. Corresponding to a phantasia is a lekton, a proposition or sayable, for example, it is fitting for me to eat that piece of pie, which the agent entertains but does not necessarily endorse when she has a phantasia.

1994, Derk Pereboom, “Stoic Psychotherapy in Descartes and Spinoza”, in Genevieve Lloyd, editor, Spinoza: Critical Assessments, volumes I (Context, Sources and the Early Writings), London, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, published 2001, →ISBN, section I, page 150:

Chrysippus called 'experience' the "treasury of phantasias", [...] According to Chrysippus, the phantasias burdened with appearances can be distinguished from the true ones by the mobilization of former groups of phantasias and by the operations with them.

2005, Mihály Szívós, “Temporality, Reification and Subjectivity: Carneades and the Foundations of the World of Subjectivity”, in Pierluigi Barrotta, Marcelo Dascal, editors, Controversies and Subjectivity (Controversies; 1), Amsterdam, Philadelphia, Pa.: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, →ISSN, section 4.2 (The Temporalization of the Cognition Process I), page 216:

Everything in the created world has to be understood not just an appearance or image—a phantasia, in [John Scotus] Eriugena's vocabulary—but as at the same time a divine revelation or manifestation, [...]

2014, Dermot Moran, “‘The Secret Folds of Nature’: Eriugena’s Expansive Concept of Nature”, in Alfred Kentigern Siewers, editor, Re-imagining Nature: Environmental Humanities and Ecosemiotics, Lewisburg, Pa.: Bucknell University Press; Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, part II (Medieval Natures), page 109:

(philosophy) A phantasm (an impression received through the senses) or the faculty of receiving or representing these impressions.


thnetopsychism

From ecclesiastical Ancient Greek θνητόψῡχος (thnētópsūkhos), from θνητός (thnētós, “mortal”) and ψῡχή (psūkhḗ, “soul”) + -ism.

uder

On the contrary, the metaphor of “soul sleeping” bridges what for thnetopsychism amounts to two sharply polarized concepts: on the one hand, that of death and nothingness in all its finality, and, on the other, that of eternal life.

2012, Henry Weinfield, The Blank-Verse Tradition from Milton to Stevens: Freethinking and the Crisis of Modernity:

The doctrine that when the body dies, the soul also dies, and that both are to be called back to life at the Day of Judgement. This was first recorded as taught by the Thnētopsȳchītæ, a third century sect of Christianity in Arabia, and is based on 1 Timothy 6:16, an epistolary doxology addressed to the God who alone has immortality.


Zombie Jesus

From an (anachronistic) reinterpretation of the resurrection of Jesus as zombification.

But do you honestly think that Jesus' limp corpse could be magically brought back to life by an invisible magician in the sky just so Zombie Jesus can give you everlasting life?

2010, Adam McClaran, Jesus Cries When You Touch Yourself, page 113:

(derogatory, humorous, potentially offensive) Jesus Christ, after having resurrected.


first love

Could this be love?—pure, first love for a shopkeeper's daughter.

1852, Wilkie Collins, chapter 7, in Basil:

The common things are terrible and startling, death, for instance, and first love.

1906, Gilbert Keith Chesterton, chapter 10, in Charles Dickens:

(literally) One's first experience of the feeling of romantic love.

He thought how he would tell her . . . that his love for her had fallen off through his own unworthiness, and had returned to one who was in all respects less perfect than she, but who in old days, as she well knew, had been his first love.

c. 1867, Anthony Trollope, chapter 29, in The Claverings:

[A]fter I made the personal acquaintance of Mr. Thrall's chef, Anatole, I found my affections dividing themselves between him and his lordship's man Robert, my first love.

1907, William Dean Howells, chapter 13, in Through the Eye of the Needle: A Romance:

(by extension) The first person to be the object of one's romantic affection.

初戀情人

object of one's first romantic affection

He had a very strong and faithful attachment for places: Chatham, I think, being his first love in this respect.

1897, Mamie Dickens, chapter 1, in Charles Dickens—My Father as I Recall Him:

Even though he made his millions from refrigerators, radios, scalp exercisers, bed coolers and sundry other gadgets, Powel Crosley Jr.'s first love was always the automobile.

1952 July 28, “Mergers: Love's Labor Lost”, in Time:

(idiomatic, by extension) The thing, place, or activity of which one is fondest; one's most fundamental interest or attachment.

erste Liebe

the latter only when this interest started very early in life


antiperistasis

en-noun

antiperistasis (usually uncountable, plural antiperistases)

[T]here are in the moſt depraved and venemous diſpoſitions, certain pieces that remaine untoucht, vvhich by an Antiperiſtaſis become more excellent, or by the excellency of their antipathies are able to preſerve themſelves from the contagion of their enemies vices, and perſiſt intire beyond the generall corruption.

1642, Tho[mas] Browne, “The Second Part”, in Religio Medici. […], 4th edition, London: […] E. Cotes for Andrew Crook […], published 1656, →OCLC, section 10, page 159:

(philosophy) The heightening of the force of an opposing process.

antyperystaza

the heightening of the force of an opposing process


Old Scratch

Probably an alteration of scrat, from Middle English scrat, skratt, scratte, ultimately from Old Norse skratti (“a type of demon”).

“Lisieux is a little town in Normandy,” she said. “I was there a few days with your father, one summer, long ago. It’s a country full of old stories, folklore, and traditions; and the people still believe in the Old Scratch pretty literally. […]”

1913, Booth Tarkington, The Flirt, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, →OCLC:

w:The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
w:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

(chiefly Midland US, Southern US) The Devil.


love slave

A slave whose duties include love and/or being available for sex.


robosexual

A person who is sexually attracted to robots.


Academism

[…] since this is the great principle of Academism and Scepticism, That Truth cannot be perceived, […]

1733, Andrew Baxter, An Inquiry into the Nature of the Human Soul, volume 2, A. Millar, published 1745, page 254:

Skeptical Academism, on the other hand, was certainly influenced by Empiricism’s topics […]

2018, Fabio Stok, “Medical Sects: Herophilus, Erasistratus, Empiricists”, in Paul T. Keyser, John Scarborough, editors, The Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World, →ISBN, page 371:

(historical) The philosophy of the Platonic Academy; Hellenistic Platonism and skepticism.


discrimen

discrimen (plural discrimina or discrimens)

Some years ago James Gustafson advanced the thesis that any comprehensive and systematic account of theological ethics must have a central "discrimen" - an organizing perspective, principle, metaphor or analogy around which it is structured. That discrimen must relate in a coherent fashion four "base points": an understanding of God and God's purposes in relation to humans and the rest of creation; an interpretation of the significance of "the world" and human life in it; an interpretation of human moral agency and actionsl and an interpretation of how we ought to make moral choices and judgements.

1995, James B. Tubbs Jr, Christian Theology and Medical Ethics: Four Contemporary Approaches, →ISBN:

The discrimen, or pattern, that each theologian eventually chooses is his or her own distinctive construal of the discrimen that guides his or her critical theological judgements.

2000, Cleophus James LaRue, The Heart of Black Preaching, →ISBN, page 18:

And if we were to link this discrimen to Balthasar's synoptic judgment about what Christianity is all about, then it would be associated with humanity's participation in God as that is realized in God's incarnation in the person Jesus Christ. I do not wish to imply that these two discrimens are the only two with which Balthasar operated.

2003, William Thomas Dickens, Hans Urs Von Balthasar's Theological Aesthetics, →ISBN:

But if discrimen is a cardinal virtue of adulthood, the tenets of infantilism work against it. Discrimen requires right judgement; but the idea of something, even judgment, being 'right', is in profound conflict with individualism (which says I can only claim my judgement as being right for me).

2012, Michael Bywater, Big Babies: Or: Why Can't We Just Grow Up?, →ISBN:

(theology) A pattern or organizing principle that forms the basis of moral judgements.


cataphatic

From Ancient Greek καταφατικός (kataphatikós, “affirmative”).

der

(theology) Pertaining to the expression of God in terms of what God is, rather than in terms of what God is not (apophatic).

cataphatique

pertaining to the expression of God in terms of what God is


syllogize

en-verb

syllogize (third-person singular simple present syllogizes, present participle syllogizing, simple past and past participle syllogized)

syllogizes (present singular third-person)
syllogizing (participle present)
syllogized (participle past)
syllogized (past)

/ˈsɪlədʒʌɪz/

From Middle French sillogiser, ultimately from Ancient Greek συλλογίζεσθαι (sullogízesthai).

uder

συλλογίζεσθαι

those disputers[…]make him to infer and say what he never meant, wresting and wyre-drawing his words to a contrarie sense, arguing and silogizing by the Grammarians privilege[…].

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 11, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

(intransitive) To reason by means of syllogisms.


supertruth

(logic) In supervaluationism, the quality of being supertrue.


supertrue

"I am happy or I am not happy" is supertrue, because I must be one or the other.

(logic) In supervaluationism, necessarily true regardless of the values of variables.


epistemicism

(philosophy) A philosophical position asserting that there are facts about the boundaries of a vague predicate (such as "is thin" or "is bald") which cannot be discovered.


superfalse

"I am asleep and I am not asleep" is superfalse, because I can never be both.

(logic) In supervaluationism, necessarily false regardless of the values of variables.


supervaluationism

(logic) A semantics for dealing with irreferential singular terms and vagueness.


hypertask

(philosophy) An uncountably infinite number of operations that occur sequentially within a finite interval of time.


contrastivist

Now, I am going to argue that the contrastivist should accept a further condition on the knowledge-relation, a further relativization.

2008 April 5, Peter Baumann, “Contrastivism Rather than Something Else? On the Limits of Epistemic Contrastivism”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 2, →DOI:

(philosophy) One who subscribes to contrastivism.


supertask

One might object that this scenario is truly a fiction, but the recent literature on supertasks shows that, although their reality is definitely still not established, at least its plausibility can be argued for.

2008 January 31, Bart Van Kerkhove, Jean Paul Van Bendegem, “Pi on Earth, or Mathematics in the Real World”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 3, →DOI:

(philosophy) A quantifiably infinite number of operations that occur sequentially within a finite interval of time.


contrastivism

In the last section I proposed to broaden contrastivism with respect to admissible kinds of third relata while in the first section I proposed to restrict it with respect to kinds of knowledge.

(philosophy) An epistemological theory suggesting that knowledge attributions have a ternary structure of the form "S knows that p rather than q", in contrast to the traditional view whereby knowledge attributions have a binary structure of the form "S knows that p".


justifiedness

(philosophy) The quality of being justified.


coherentism

en-noun

coherentism (countable and uncountable, plural coherentisms)

(philosophy) A form of reasoning where the truth or falsehood of a belief is defined by its coherence with the rest of the believer's knowledge and experiences.

koherentismi

reasoning where the truth of a belief is defined by its coherence with the rest of the believer’s knowledge and experiences


confirmational

Unlike the standard ‘Quine–Putnam’ argument given in Sect. 1, these arguments do not invoke confirmational holism.

2007 September 28, David Liggins, “Quine, Putnam, and the ‘Quine–Putnam’ Indispensability Argument”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 1, →DOI:

(philosophy) Of or pertaining to the confirmation of one theory or observation by others.


foundherentism

But one of the express tenets of foundherentism is that “there need be no privileged class of empirical beliefs justified exclusively by the support of experience, independently of the support of other beliefs” (Haack 1993, p. 19).

2007 October 26, Lydia McGrew, Timothy McGrew, “Foundationalism, Probability, and Mutual Support”, in Erkenntnis, volume 68, number 1, →DOI:

theory of justification
theory of justification

(philosophy) A theory of justification that combines elements from the two rival theories addressing infinite regress: foundationalism and coherentism.


deflationism

deflationism (usually uncountable, plural deflationisms)

In “The use of force against deflationism” they argue, against several versions of deflationism, that the concept of truth must play a substantive explanatory role in an adaquate account of assertion.

2008 April 2, Robert Mößgen, “Dirk Greimann and Geo Siegwart, Truth and Speech Acts. Studies in the Philosophy of Language (=Routledge Studies in Contemporary Philosophy, Vol. 5)”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 1, →DOI:

(philosophy) A theory proposing that assertions that predicate truth of a statement do not attribute a property called truth to such a statement.


metalogic

metalogic (countable and uncountable, plural metalogics)

(philosophy) The metatheory of logic; the study of properties of logical systems.


metaphilosophical

en-adj

metaphilosophical (comparative more metaphilosophical, superlative most metaphilosophical)

more metaphilosophical (comparative)
most metaphilosophical (superlative)

In essence, the issue at hand is the metaphilosophical question of whether all philosophical “analysis” involving hypothetical cases is “conceptual analysis.”

2008 January 23, Thomas W. Polger, “H₂O, ‘Water’, and Transparent Reduction”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 1, →DOI, pages 109–130:


explanationism

(philosophy) A philosophical system where beliefs are justified by their usefulness in explaining.


thingish

thingish (comparative more thingish, superlative most thingish)

more thingish (comparative)
most thingish (superlative)

(However, Sellars vehemently rejects that this would imply they are merely ‘in the eye of the beholder’—despite starting as mere posits of a theoretician, once the theory acquires a certain social status, they become as thingish as a thing can be.)

2008 April 3, Jaroslav Peregrin, “Book Reviews”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 1, →DOI, pages 131–135:

(chiefly philosophy) Like a physical, tangible thing; objective.


denotatum

(linguistics, philosophy) Something that is denoted; a referent.


reductio ad Hitlerum

en-noun

reductio ad Hitlerum (plural reductio ad Hitlerums)

Coined by Leo Strauss in 1951, by analogy with reductio ad absurdum.

Just on Twitter alone, there were too many arguments, too many reductio ad Hitlerums for me to handle alone.

2018, Carl Miller, chapter 7, in The Death of the Gods […] , William Heinemann, →ISBN:

An attempt to invalidate someone else's argument on the basis that the same idea was promoted or practiced by Adolf Hitler or the Nazi Party.


pedohebephilia

(sexology) Primary or exclusive sexual attraction to prepubescent and pubescent children by an adult.


relationism

(philosophy) The doctrine that relations between things have a real existence.

(philosophy) Karl Mannheim's idea, proposed as a response to relativism, that the recognition of different perspectives according to differences in time and social location appears arbitrary only to an abstract and disembodied theory of knowledge.


representationalist

It seems plausible that the disagreement between the competing representationalist theories traces back to an underlying disagreement about the nature of mental representation.

2008 August 27, Mikkel Gerken, “Is There a Simple Argument for Higher-Order Representation Theories of Awareness Consciousness?”, in Erkenntnis, volume 69, number 2, →DOI:

(philosophy) A subscriber to the philosophy of representationalism.


Buridan's ass

After the fourteenth-century French philosopher Jean Buridan, whose philosophy of moral determinism it satirises.

Since either haystack is better than starvation, and since neither haystack is known to be worse than the other, Buridan's ass has a good reason to choose either. Suppose it chooses haystack A, rejecting haystack B as well as starvation.

1995, Ross Harrison, World, mind, and ethics: essays on the ethical philosophy of Bernard Williams, illustrated edition, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 23:

This Narrator is like the famous or infamous Buridan's ass, protagonist of a problem or example that, in one form or another, can be found in philosophical discourse from Aristotle to Schpenhauer.

2000, Kathryn L. Lynch, Chaucer's philosophical visions, illustrated edition, Boydell & Brewer Ltd, →ISBN, page 90:

The ass's commitment to a seeming demand or rationality has damaged his health. Maybe we — and Buridan's ass — should often resist requiring a discriminating reason for rational action.

2009, Peter Cave, This sentence is false: an introduction to philosophical paradoxes, Continuum International Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 9:

The hypothetical donkey who is placed precisely midway between two sources of food and/or water.

The hypothetical donkey, as a typical character of a number of philosophical paradoxes involving equally valuable incentives to action, and the nature of the possible choices and outcomes.


dispositionalism

My own use of this fundamental principle will be relatively modest: I am not attempting to argue for physicalism over dispositionalism or other alternatives, but only to show that if one is to be a color physicalist, one should tie colors to events.

2007 December 14, Robert Pasnau, “The event of color”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 142, number 3, →DOI:

(philosophy) A tendency to prefer dispositional attribution rather than situational attribution.


mentalistic

en-adj

mentalistic (comparative more mentalistic, superlative most mentalistic)

more mentalistic (comparative)
most mentalistic (superlative)

So if the current argument gives more evidence for the possibility that the mentalistic paradigm is misguided it might be more prudent for a naturalist to accept this consequence than cling on to its denial.

2008 March 14, Tuomas K. Pernu, “Is knowledge a natural kind?”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 142, number 3, →DOI:

(philosophy) Of or pertaining to mentalism.


inferentialism

This crude inferentialism about recognition, of course, is not often explicitly defended: it is extremely implausible—just on plain phenomenological grounds—that recognition must be a matter of discursive reasoning.

2008 January 8, Markos Valaris, “Two-dimensionalism and the epistemology of recognition”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 142, number 3, →DOI:

(philosophy) Inferential role semantics: an approach to the theory of meaning that identifies the meaning of an expression with its (typically inferential) relationship to other expressions.


consent of the governed

(government, political science, philosophy) A political theory in which a government or set of governments could only be deemed legitimate if it is supported by the people under which it exercises its political influence.


euhemerization

en-noun

euhemerization (countable and uncountable, plural euhemerizations)

/juːˌhiːməɹɪzˈeɪʃən/

From euhemerize + -ation, ultimately from Latin Euhēmerus, from Ancient Greek Εὐήμερος (Euḗmeros), an ancient Greek Sicilian Skeptic who proposed most or all mythology derived from historical figures and natural events which received supernatural characteristics only through retelling.

The euhemerization of Taoist myth by Confucian historians sometimes led to the appearance of figures such as "Lord Primordial Chaos" (渾沌氏) in the imperial genealogies.

(uncountable, derogatory) The fanciful invention of plausible historical figures and events as an attempt to rationalize mythology and legends

One such euhemerization is a Rowan Atkinson bit where he presents Jesus Christ as a misunderstood street magician.

Much of Chinese mythology appears to have been the result of euhemerization, the later deification of Neolithic tribal leaders and inventors incompletely remembered through oral traditions and now-lost records.

(uncountable) Synonym of deification: the actual creation of mythology and legends from historical figures and events; (countable) an instance of this.

rationalization & pseudohistory

fanciful creation of rational explanations for the supernatural


irrealism

irrealism (usually uncountable, plural irrealisms)

(philosophy) The belief that phenomenalism and physicalism are alternative "world-versions", both useful in some circumstances, but neither capable of fully capturing the other.


enstasis

From extasis (Ancient Greek ἔκστασις (ékstasis)), by replacing ex- with en-. Attested in 1948.
From ἐν- (en-, “in”) and ἵστημι (hístēmi, “I stand”).

(philosophy) Contemplation of one's own self.


endurantism

(philosophy) The theory that material objects are persistent three-dimensional individuals wholly present at every moment of their existence.


perdurantism

(philosophy) The theory that material objects have distinct temporal parts throughout their existence, rather than being persistent individuals that move through time.


nongoodness

An immediate question can be asked: from the point of view of a binary nature, what is the ratio of goodness to nongoodness in our shared nature?

2002, Alan Kam-leung Chan, Mencius: contexts and interpretations, page 27:

(philosophy) The quality of not being good.


appeal to authority

appeal to authority (plural appeals to authority)

(rhetoric) Deeming an assertion to be true because of the position or the authority of the person asserting it.


audiophilia

IT’S only a mild case of audiophilia, according to the professionals, but it’s causing me significant discomfort.

2008 February 21, Jason Turbow, “Put Another File in the Jukebox, Baby”, in New York Times:

An interest in high fidelity sound reproduction and equipment.


pre-theoretical

Likewise, the force function can be related in an obvious way to the pre-theoretical notion of how much "push and pull" it takes to set some medium-sized physical object in motion and keep it moving.

1979, Joseph D. Sneed, The Logical Structure of Mathematical Physics:

(philosophy) Arising before any theoretical considerations.


litholatry

(chiefly theology) The worship of stones.


immaterialistic

en-adj

immaterialistic (comparative more immaterialistic, superlative most immaterialistic)

more immaterialistic (comparative)
most immaterialistic (superlative)

(philosophy) of or pertaining to the philosophy of immaterialism


spiration

en-noun

spiration (usually uncountable, plural spirations)

(theology) The procession of the Holy Ghost.


non distributio medii

From Latin, literally "undistributed middle".

An educated man must be in some sort instructed; but it is a mere non distributio medii to say that an instructed person must be an educated person.

1932, Albert Jay Nock, The Theory of Education in the United States:

categorical syllogism
categorical syllogism

A logical fallacy that is committed when the middle term in a categorical syllogism isn't distributed.


snogger

They're nearly as pathetic as those snoggers (sad, deluded morons who believe DD and GA should be together!).

2001 July 12, Caffeine Cal, “Re: *Nasty* Doggett-Haters Website :(”, in alt.tv.x-files (Usenet):

It's a bit sad when snoggers write in to the IMDB to pass on the false information that DD has "filed for divorce" from TL: […]

2002 August 27, pam, “Re: Doggett to come back to Fox”, in alt.tv.x-files (Usenet):

While I'm not a snogger (don't look at me like that!), I do think, from what little I know of them, that David and Gillian had a kind of working relationship that in some weird cosmic way must have reflected what we saw on the screen between them.

2005 June 17, Robert Cook, “Re: Speaking of "Lost"”, in alt.tv.x-files (Usenet):

(X-Files fandom slang, derogatory) A fan who believed Gillian Anderson and David Duchovny were romantically involved or shipped them together.


mythicism

mythicism (countable and uncountable, plural mythicisms)

From myth + -icism. In occasional use since the 1840s.
The earliest use of the term was in Christian theology, in reference to the "Mythic Theory" of D. F. Strauss (1835). The more general sense appears from the 1870s.

1845: "Truly, if the caput mortuum of Christianity which mythicism leaves us, be all that is true of our religion, our feelings would tempt us to forgive the Evangelists who have so beautifully deceived, rather than the critics who so coldly disenchant us." (The Christian examiner, vol. 39, p. 160)

(theology) The scholarly opinion that the gospels are mythological expansions of historical data.


quinquarticular

the quinquarticular controversy between Arminians and Calvinists

(theology) Relating to the five articles of Remonstrance.


every Jack has his Jill

Everybody will eventually find a romantic partner.

طنجرة ولقت غطاها

everybody will eventually find a romantic partner

non c'è la pentola così brutta che non si trova il suo coperchio

há um chinelo velho para todo pé cansado


quiddative

en-adj

quiddative (comparative more quiddative, superlative most quiddative)

more quiddative (comparative)
most quiddative (superlative)

It is that among other distinctions possible among symbols, an indispensable one is that between indicative and quiddative symbols.

1968, C. J. Ducasse, Truth, Knowledge and Causation:

(philosophy) Constituting, or containing, the essence of a thing.


world soul

You, to whom love was peace, that now is rage;
Who did the whole world's soul contract, and drove
Into the glasses of your eyes

Thanks to the morning light,
Thanks to the seething sea,
To the uplands of New Hampshire,
To the green-haired forest free . . .

1847, Ralph Waldo Emerson, The World-Soul:

NINA: The bodies of all living creatures have dropped to dust, and eternal matter has transformed them into stones and water and clouds; but their spirits have flowed together into one, and that great world-soul am I!

1912, Anton Chekhov, translated by Marian Fell, The Seagull, act 1:

Like many ungainly or otherwise unattractive Scotchmen, he [Thomas Carlyle] was a seer. By which I do not mean to refer so much to his transcendental rhapsodies about the World-soul or the Nature-garment or the Mysteries and Eternities generally.

1913, Gilbert Keith Chesterton, chapter 1, in The Victorian Age in Literature:

During the long nights on the mountain overshadowing Pasadena, he has done a lot of unorthodox thinking about the human mind, the human soul, the World Soul, Cosmic Consciousness, Cosmos, God.

1940 April 29, “Scientist on Immortality”, in Time:

[H]er vision of Sant'Agnese resembles the beautiful Neoplatonist concept of the world soul as a great boat, in which every individual is a member of the crew who rows it through the cosmos for the space of existence, and then merges back into its fabric.

2001 June 3, Marina Warner, “Books: Where Heaven Touches Down”, in New York Times, retrieved 2011-07-19:

(religion, philosophy) A single, unifying spirit believed by some to animate every living being in the world and to underlie the value of every inanimate thing as well.

Weltseele

single, unifying spirit present in every living being


subproposition

(philosophy, mathematics) A proposition making up part of a greater proposition.


Neoplatonist

(philosophy) A member of the philosophical school of Neoplatonism.


Neoplatonist

Neoplatonist (comparative more Neoplatonist, superlative most Neoplatonist)

more Neoplatonist (comparative)
most Neoplatonist (superlative)


Leucippus

(philosophy) an Ancient Greek philosopher from Miletus, the founder of atomism and the first thinker in western history to consider determinism as a possibility, disciple of Zeno of Elea


make friends

en-verb

make friends (third-person singular simple present makes friends, present participle making friends, simple past and past participle made friends)

makes friends (present singular third-person)
making friends (participle present)
made friends (participle past)
made friends (past)

From Middle English maken frendes, equivalent to make + friends.

He made friends with his new neighbour.

I tried to be a friend to Jane but we never really made friends. She was never a friend to me.

Sara and I made friends right away.


Sheffer stroke

(logic) The vertical bar symbol ( | ), denoting the NAND operation.


SLD

selective linear definite
w:SLD resolution

(logic) Initialism of selective linear definite.


antinaturalist

en-adj

antinaturalist (comparative more antinaturalist, superlative most antinaturalist)

more antinaturalist (comparative)
most antinaturalist (superlative)

Ms. Callaghan, 36, is a genre-scoffing playwright whose antinaturalist works (“Dead City,” “Crawl, Fade to White”) have earned a downtown following.

2009 March 1, Erik Piepenburg, “Play as Provocation (Jell-O Included)”, in New York Times:

(philosophy, sociology) Opposing or rejecting naturalism.


antinaturalist

(philosophy, sociology) One who opposes or rejects naturalism.


Georgism

From George + -ism; from the writings of American economist Henry George (1839–1897).

An economic philosophy stating that things found in nature, most importantly land, belong equally to all. It is usually associated with the idea of a single tax on the value of land.


Diogenean

Diogenean (comparative more Diogenean, superlative most Diogenean)

more Diogenean (comparative)
most Diogenean (superlative)

/daɪˌɒdʒəˈnɪən/


abstract model

(engineering, logic, mathematics) A model that contains an abstraction or abstractions of the reality.


nonego

(philosophy) That part of the psyche excluding the ego


Miaphysitism

From miaphysite + -ism, a modern coinage from Byzantine Greek μία (mía, “one”) + φύσις (phúsis, “nature, substance”), referring in particular to the formula of Cyril of Alexandria, “one incarnate nature of the Word”, μία φύσις τοῦ Λόγου σεσαρκωμένη (mía phúsis toû Lógou sesarkōménē).

Oriental Orthodox Church
Oriental Orthodox Church

(theology) A Christological formula, upheld by the Oriental Orthodox Church, holding that divinity and humanity are united in a single nature in Christ.


necessitarianism

en-noun

necessitarianism (usually uncountable, plural necessitarianisms)