arborescent

en-adj

arborescent (comparative more arborescent, superlative most arborescent)

more arborescent (comparative)
most arborescent (superlative)

/ɑːbəˈɹɛsənt/

/ɑːɹbəˈɹɛsənt/

From Latin arborēscēns, present active participle of arborēscō (“become a tree”). First attested around 1675. The philosophical sense refers to the way genealogy trees are drawn.

Gilles Deleuze criticizes the Chomsky hierarchy of formal languages, which he considers a perfect example of arborescent dualistic theory.

Deleuze and Guattari think, for instance, that metaphysics is an example of arborescent thinking, which is a model of thought like an erect tree, because it has been shaped by arboreal metaphors from the moment of its origin. They explain, "Arborescent systems are hierarchical systems with centers of significance (sic) and subjectification, central automata like organized memories. In the corresponding models, an element only receives information from a higher unit, and only receives a subjective affection along preestablished paths."

2000, Carl Olson, Zen and the Art of Postmodern Philosophy: Two Paths of Liberation from the Representational Mode of Thinking, Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, →ISBN, page 193:

One [metaphor] in particular – the "arborescent schema" – emerges as perhaps the most long-held, dominant approach and way of thinking in such areas as philosophy, psychoanalysis, social criticism, and everyday life. It is, in plain, a tree-like representation of the world, which gathers concepts and images that encourage our minds to think of the world in terms of trees and their component parts. […] Deleuze and Guattari draw attention to the arborescent schemas in philosophy and other areas and show how these foundational ideas are rarely challenged, even though they limit the manoeuvrability of thought and violently organize all subsequent lines of inquiry. […] The problem with arborescent thinking is that thoughts must begin from the trunk, and refer back to it; they cannot pop up elsewhere.

2012, Karen R. Foster, Dale C. Spencer, Reimagining Intervention in Young Lives: Work, Social Assistance, and Marginalization, Vancouver, B.C.: University of British Columbia Press, →ISBN, page 19:

René Descartes once likened the structure of philosophy to a tree: […] Building on Descartes' insight, Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari have argued that Western humanist tradition in general is modeled on a treelike structure, or what they term an "arborescent" structure. A tree organizes its parts according to a principle that arises out of its own interiority and self-sufficiency: it germinates from a solitary seed or acorn and shoots forth what will become its trunk. Its whole canopy of branches above is integrated downwards into this trunk, and all of its roots below are similarly integrated upward into the same trunk. Considered as a model of Western knowledge, the trunk of this arborescent structure represents human rationality. Rationality is the highest value in an arborescent structure because it is rationality that organizes and integrates all forms of knowledge into a unified, coherent system, […]

2012, B[radley] H[udson] McLean, Biblical Interpretation and Philosophical Hermeneutics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 268:

(philosophy) Marked by insistence on totalizing principles, binarism and dualism (as opposed to the rhizome theory).

arborescente

marked by insistence on totalizing principles, binarism and dualism


manas

From Sanskrit मनस् (manas, “mind”). Doublet of mind.

(philosophy, chiefly theosophy) The mind; that which distinguishes man from the animals.


modal

modal (comparative more modal, superlative most modal)

more modal (comparative)
most modal (superlative)

From Middle French modal, from Medieval Latin modālis (“pertaining to a mode”), from Latin modus (“mode”); equivalent to mode + -al. Compare to French, Spanish, and Portuguese modal and Italian modale.

der

(logic) Of, or relating to the modality between propositions.

modaal

logic: of or relating to the modality between prepositions

(metaphysics) Relating to the form of a thing rather to any of its attributes.


nihilation

From Latin nihilō (“I reduce to nothing”).


faker

Sonic: I found you, faker!

2001 June 23, Sonic Team USA, Sonic Adventure 2, Sega, published 2001:

faker: A friendly track acting as a hostile for exercise purposes. (STANAG 1241)

2011, APP-6C: NATO Joint Military Symbology, page 555:

(military, by extension) A friendly unit (usually aircraft) that acts as a hostile unit in a military exercise.

He has been lagged for beaker hunting, was a mushroom faker [umbrella seller], has been on the steel for snamming a wedge sneezer; […]

1859, Snowden's Magistrates Assistant, page 497:

Yet the faker is not an unpopular visitor to the country fair. On the contrary, a country fair at which was not heard the stentorian shouts of the faker to "come on, boys; here's the chance to make your fortune," would be considered a dismal failure.

1906, Clifton Rodman Wooldridge, The Grafters of America: Who They are and how They Work, page 248:

All the doctor has to do nowadays is to read the labels on the bottles and boxes of samples the faker brings him.

1909 May, G. Frank Lydston, “Honor to Whom Honor is Due”, in The Medical Standard, volume 32, page 248:

Business interests citizens against the food adulterator are severely hampered and injured and the "patent-medicine” faker.

1912 June, Locomotive Engineers Journal, volume 46, number 6, page 535:

A snake oil salesman; one who makes exaggerated claims about a product he sells.


acrophilia

(sexuality) Sexual arousal from heights or high altitudes.


neologist

Back-formation from neologism. Compare French néologiste.

(theology, historical, originally derogatory) An adherent of neology.


objecthood

(philosophy, grammar) The condition of being an object.


casuist

From French casuiste, from Spanish casuista, from Latin casus (“case”).

(ethics) A person who resolves cases of conscience or moral duty.


haint

"Ain't you scared of haints?"

1960 July 11, Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird, Philadelphia, Pa., New York, N.Y.: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, →OCLC, part 2, page 254:

I got a tree on my back and a haint in my house, and nothing in between but the daughter I am holding in my arms.

It didn't take long for word to spread that there was a "haint" in the graveyard. A haint is what the old-timers called a ghost.

2005, Eulie Rowan, “The Four-Legged Haint”, in The Seven Wonders of Sassafras Springs, Simon and Schuster, page 106:

My dead grandpa's haint floated above my bed one night when I was a young'un and scared me so bad I busted the bedroom door down tryin' to get out that room so fast.

2009, Mary Monroe, God Still Don't Like Ugly, page 211:

(US, dialectal) A ghost; a supernatural being; Alternative form of haunt.


compresence

en-noun

compresence (countable and uncountable, plural compresences)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-compresence.wav

The properties of redness and juiciness have compresence in apples.

(philosophy) The state of existing together concurrently.


predestine

en-verb

predestine (third-person singular simple present predestines, present participle predestining, simple past and past participle predestined)

predestines (present singular third-person)
predestining (participle present)
predestined (participle past)
predestined (past)

From Old French prédestiner, from Medieval Latin praedestinare. Displaced native Old English foreteohhian.

(theology, transitive) To foreordain by divine will.


ataraxy

en-noun

ataraxy (usually uncountable, plural ataraxies)

From Middle French ataraxie, from Ancient Greek ἀταραξία (ataraxía, “impassiveness”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + ταράσσω (tarássō, “I disturb”). Doublet of ataraxia.

der

When the Pyrrhonians say, that ataraxy is the chiefe felicitie, which is the immobilitie of judgement, their meaning is not to speake it affirmatively[…].

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

Youth all around prancing, vociferating, mocking; callow and alien youth, having to be looked after and studied and taught, as though nothing but it mattered, term after term—and now, all of a sudden, in mid-term, peace, ataraxy, a profound and leisured stillness.

1911, Max Beerbohm, chapter 21, in Zuleika Dobson, New York: John Lane, published 1912, page 319:

There was no longer any need for fortitude: he felt nothing at present and there was no point in artificial ataraxy.

I was nonplussed, I stared at my teacher, never before had his swollen face seemed so replete with indifference, stone ataraxy.

(philosophy) Ataraxia; freedom from mental disturbance; imperturbability, dogged indifference.


economically

en-adv

economically (comparative more economically, superlative most economically)

more economically (comparative)
most economically (superlative)


reversionist

But for the reversionist the indwelling of Christ has no effect.

2011, Daniel J. Coleman, The New Day Experience, →ISBN:

The reality which is expected is the justice of God judging unbeliever reversionists, both Jews and Gentiles, and sending them to the Lake of Fire.

2012, D.A. Miller, A Theological Study of The Book of Romans, →ISBN, page 86:

Lot is a believer who is a monetary reversionist. He abandoned the directive will of God for "sordid gain" (cf. 1Tim. 3:8; Titus 1:7, 11; 1Pet. 5:2; Gk. aischrokerdes).

2013, Terry Puett, Institute Of Biblical Studies The Book Of Genesis, →ISBN, page 268:

(theology) One who has lost faith; a heathen, nonbeliever, or apostate.


informant

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-informant.wav

The only material the linguist has to begin with are the informant's grammatical utterances in the target language pronounced arbitrarily in a natural or assigned communicative situation or stimulated artificially by the investigator.

1977, A. E. Kibrik, The methodology of field investigations in linguistics:

The informant learns his language by formal training and, more importantly, by constant exposure to its use. He cannot repeat to the linguist what he has never seen or heard.

2003, Sergei Nirenburg, H. L. Somers, Yorick Wilks, Readings in machine translation, page 116:

(linguistics) A native speaker who acts as a linguistic reference for a language being studied. The informant demonstrates native pronunciation, provides grammaticality judgments regarding linguistic well-formedness, and may also explain cultural references and other important contextual information.

informantti

lingustics: native speaker who acts as a reference


Entscheidungsproblem

Unadapted borrowing from German Entscheidungsproblem.

ubor

‘The Entscheidungsproblem,’ Rudy said. ‘Meaning?’ Alan explained, ‘Hilbert wanted to know whether any given statement could, in principle, be found true or false.’

Turing was attending Max Newman's lectures on the foundations of mathematics when the Entscheidungsproblem first attracted his attention.

2012, George Dyson, Turing's Cathedral, Penguin, published 2013, page 279:

(mathematics, logic) A decision problem of finding a way to decide whether a formula is true or provable within a given system.


maat

Learned borrowing from Egyptian mꜣꜥt (“truth, righteousness, justice”).

lbor

(philosophy, historical) The ancient Egyptian concept of justice, order, and harmony.


hypostatic

en-adj

hypostatic (comparative more hypostatic, superlative most hypostatic)

more hypostatic (comparative)
most hypostatic (superlative)

From mediaeval Latin hypostaticus, from Ancient Greek ὑποστατικός (hupostatikós), from ὑποστατός (hupostatós). Equivalent to hypostasis + -tic.

uder

1661, Robert Boyle, The Sceptical Chymist, "A Præface Introductory"
The grand doctrine of the chymists, touching their three hypostatical principles.

(theology) Pertaining to hypostasis, especially with reference to hypostatic union.


jural

Then this action would have become legitimized and transformed into the social structure, changing the jural nature of the tree-focused social isolate.

1988, Derek Freeman, George N. Appell, T. N. Madan, Choice and morality in anthropological perspective:

(philosophy) Of or pertaining to moral rights and obligations.


inanition

en-noun

inanition (countable and uncountable, plural inanitions)

From Middle English inanicioun, borrowed from Old French inanition, itself borrowed from Late Latin inānītio, from inānīre (“to make empty”), from inānis (“empty, vain”); see inane.

There bending over her, with eyes bathed in tears, she watched the progress of her beloved Rosilia's melancholy disorder; she beheld her, pale, exhausted, either in listless inanition, or haunted with the dreadful idea that mental derangement or death would terminate her sufferings!

1838, [Letitia Elizabeth] Landon (indicated as editor), chapter XIII, in Duty and Inclination: […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 186:

I had forced into his hand the means to carry on decently the serious business of life, to get food, drink, and shelter of the customary kind while his wounded spirit, like a bird with a broken wing, might hop and flutter into some hole, to die quietly of inanition there.

1900, Joseph Conrad, chapter 17, in Lord Jim, Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood, page 196:

"Well, who is; but who has good music, and amuses people on Sunday evenings, when the whole of New York is dying of inanition."

1920, Edith Wharton, chapter X, in The Age of Innocence, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

It was a small celebration: not much money to spend, and an enormous inanition eating away the faith.

1939, Graham Greene, chapter 4, in The Lawless Roads, Penguin, published 2006, page 91:

(philosophy) A spiritual emptiness or lack of purpose or will to live, akin to nausea in existentialist philosophy.


subaltern

en-adj

subaltern (comparative more subaltern, superlative most subaltern)

more subaltern (comparative)
most subaltern (superlative)

From Middle French subalterne, from Late Latin subalternus, from Latin sub- + alternus, from alter.

(logic) Asserting only a part of what is asserted in a related proposition.

alisteinen

asserting only a part of what is asserted in a related proposition


subaltern

(logic) A subaltern proposition; a proposition implied by a universal proposition.


latria

en-noun

latria (usually uncountable, plural latrias)

From Late Latin, from Ancient Greek λατρεία (latreía, “service,” “worship”), from λατρευειν (latreuein, “wait on,” “serve with prayer”).

uder

(theology) The highest form of worship, named adoration, properly given to the triune God alone.


hypostasis

en-noun

hypostasis (countable and uncountable, plural hypostases or hypostaseis)

hypostases (plural)
hypostaseis (plural)

From Ecclesiastical Latin hypostasis, from Ancient Greek ὑπόστασις (hupóstasis, “sediment, foundation; substance, existence, essence”), from ὑπό (hupó, “under”) + στάσις (stásis, “standing”). Morphologically hypo- + -stasis.

bor

What did the God who hammered the universe together have to do with virtue, redemption, the strange doctrine of hypostasis?

1985, Anthony Burgess, Kingdom of the Wicked:

As Gregory of Nyssa had explained, the three hypostases of Father, Son, and Spirit were not objective facts but simply “terms that we use” to express the way in which the “unnameable and unspeakable” divine nature (ousia) adapts itself to the limitations of our human minds.

2000, Karen Armstrong, The Battle for God, Harper, published 2004, page 69:

As a result of this verbal pact, the Trinity consists of three equal hypostaseis in one ousia: three equal Persons (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) sharing one Essence or Substance (Trinity or Godhead).

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 218:

(theology) The essential person, specifically the single person of Christ (as distinguished from his two ‘natures’, human and divine), or of the three ‘persons’ of the Trinity (sharing a single ‘essence’).

أُقْنُوم

essential person, the single person of Christ

(philosophy) The underlying reality or substance of something.

(linguistics) A relationship between a name and a known quantity, as a cultural personification (i.e. objectification with personality) of an entity or quality.

(psychology) Referring to the hypostatic model of personality; i.e., asserting that humans present themselves in many different aspects or hypostases, depending on the internal and external realities they relate to, including different approaches to the study of personality.

Rašnu, the "Judge", appears to be the hypostasis of the idea embodied in the common noun rašnu, "judging, one who judges".

1975, Mary Boyce, History of Zoroastrianism, volume I, Brill, page 59:

The One, Intellect and Soul, then, are the three transcendent sources – or hypostases – of existence.

1999, John Gregory, editor, The Neoplatonists: A Reader, page 13:

as far as we know, Porphyry did not consider the divine intellect to be a hypostasis clearly distinct from the Soul, but he often designated it ‘hypercosmic soul’.

2006, George E. Karamanolis, Plato and Aristotle in agreement?, page 320:


intentionality

en-noun

intentionality (countable and uncountable, plural intentionalities)

The naturalization of intentionality is an ongoing project in philosophy.

As a preliminary formulation we might say: Intentionality is that property of many mental states and events by which they are directed at or about or of objects and states of affairs in the world.

1983, John R. Searle, Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind, page 1:

For phenomenology, the central feature of experience is a structure called "intentionality," which correlates all things experienced with the mode of experience to which the experience is referenced.

1986, Don Ihde, Experimental Phenomenology: An Introduction, page 23:

Causality in the Intentionality Model is in the agency of the child. It is the child who perceives, who apprehends, who constructs the intentional state, who acts to express it, and who interprets what others do (including what they say) to construct a new intentional state.

2001, Lois Bloom, Erin Tinker, Ellin Kofsky Scholnick, The Intentionality Model and Language Acquisition, page 10:

(philosophy) The characteristic of a mental state whereby it is about something, which relates to mental states in an analogous way as meaning relates to a word.

intentionaalisuus

(phil.) characteristic ...; ability to refer to sth.


ethics

ethics (countable and uncountable, plural ethics)

From Middle English etik, from Middle French ethique, from Late Latin ethica, from Ancient Greek ἠθική (ēthikḗ), from ἠθικός (ēthikós, “of or for morals, moral, expressing character”), from ἦθος (êthos, “character, moral nature”).

(philosophy) The study of principles relating to right and wrong conduct.

etiek

study of principles governing right and wrong conduct


sanctify

en-verb

sanctify (third-person singular simple present sanctifies, present participle sanctifying, simple past and past participle sanctified)

sanctifies (present singular third-person)
sanctifying (participle present)
sanctified (participle past)
sanctified (past)

From Anglo-Norman seintefier, from Old French saintefier, from Late Latin sānctificō, from Latin sānctus (“holy”) + faciō (“do, make”). Form altered to conform with Latin.

And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 2:3:

(transitive) To make holy; to consecrate; to set aside for sacred or ceremonial use.


Descartes

en-proper noun

Descartes (countable and uncountable, plural Descarteses)

René Descartes: A French philosopher and mathematician, who lived from 1596 to 1650.


abstract idea

(metaphysics) An idea separated from a complex object, or from other ideas which naturally accompany it; as the solidity of marble when contemplated apart from its color or figure.


logion

/ˈləʊ.ɡɪ.ən/

]
From Ancient Greek λόγιον (lógion, “oracle”), from λόγος (lógos, “word; the word or wisdom of God”) (from λέγω (légō, “I say”), from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to gather”)) + -ιον (-ion, suffix forming diminutive nouns).

It is clear from Origen's wording that he is not referring to a logion of the original Montanist leaders, but to a statement made by later adherents of the New Prophecy. […] The logion is probably authentic.

2006, William Tabbernee, “‘Recognizing the Spirit’: Second-generation Montanist Oracles”, in F. Young, M. Edwards, P. Parvis, editors, Studia Patristica: Papers Presented at the Fourteenth International Conference on Patristic Studies Held in Oxford 2003, volume XL, Leuven, Belgium: Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, part VIII (First Two Centuries), page 525:

Influenced by scholarship on the sayings of Jesus and the redaction of the Gospels, [John] Wansbrough assumes that the Qu'rān was edited and constructed from a plethora of short texts that he terms "prophetic logia." These logia draw on monotheistic imagery and are related to forms familiar from the literature of prophetical expression. […] The goal of the critic is to identify these logia by examining the canonical text in which they have been edited and spliced together

2016, Devin J. Stewart, “Wansbrough, Bultmann, and the Theory of Variant Traditions in the Qu’rān”, in Angelika Neuwirth, Michael A[nthony] Sells, editors, Qu’rānic Studies Today (Routledge Studies in the Qu’rān), Abingdon, Oxon., New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 22:

(theology) A traditional saying of a religious leader.


traducianism

Augustine's insistence on its spiritual nature made it hard for him to uphold, along with Tertullian, the doctrine of physical traducianism.

2003, Roy Porter, Flesh in the Age of Reason, Penguin (2004), page 37n

Tertullian suggested that the human soul is transmitted by parents to their children and is therefore inescapably associated with continuing human sin: this doctrine of ‘traducianism’ underlay the pessimistic view of the human condition and its imprisonment in original sin which was presented in an extreme form by that later theological giant from North Africa, Augustine of Hippo.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 145:

(theology) The doctrine that the soul or spirit is inherited from one or both parents.


DM

en-noun

DM (countable and uncountable, plural DMs)

Let ‘F’ stand for the state of affairs that consists in finite persons possessing and exercising free will. Let ‘p’ stand for ‘God exists’; ‘q’ for ‘F obtains’; ‘r’ for ‘F poses a serious risk of evil’; and ‘s’ for ‘There is no option available to God that counters F.’ With this in place, the argument may be formalized as follows:
(1) [(p & q) & r] → s Premiss
(2) ~s Premiss
(3) ~[(p & q) & r] 1, 2 MT
(4) ~(p & q) v ~r 3 DM
(5) r Premiss
(6) ~(p & q) 4, 5 DS
(7) ~p v ~q 6 DM
(3) follows from the conjunction of (1) and (2) by modus tollens; De Morgan’s law applied to (3) yields (4); (4) and (5) together lead to (6) by disjunctive syllogism; and another application of De Morgan’s law takes us from (6) to the final conclusion, according to which either God exists or there is free will (but not both).

2004 August, J. L. Schellenberg, “The Atheist’s Free Will Offence”, in International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, volume 56, № 1, pages 11-12:

dialectical materialism
dialectical materialism#English

(philosophy) Initialism of dialectical materialism.


ecumenism

(philosophy) Ecumenical doctrines and practices, especially as manifested in the ecumenical movement.


sublate

en-verb

sublate (third-person singular simple present sublates, present participle sublating, simple past and past participle sublated)

sublates (present singular third-person)
sublating (participle present)
sublated (participle past)
sublated (past)

From Latin sublatum, past participle of suffero.

(transitive, logic) To negate, deny or contradict.


nyctophilia

which disdains psychological analysis—"the obscurities that one encounters in Herman Melville or in Franz Kafka are not due to lack of resources for illumination, to artifices, or even to nyctophilia; they derive from the ultimate mystery of existence"; […]

1971, Americas (English Ed.), volume 23:

Manilal Desai died at a very young age. His posthumous collection edited by his friends manifests modern lyricism, nyctophilia and death obsessions.

1972, Contemporary Gujarati Poetry, Surat : Western India Publishing Company, page 6:

Getting Lost: Lovers engaged in nyctophilia can become disoriented in near-total darkness. It's easy […] Use your voice to locate your partner, then move slowly toward the voice. […]

2014, Felicia Zopol, The Sex Instruction Manual: Essential Information and Techniques for Optimum Performance, Quirk Books, page 174

It was late. The clock had just struck midnight and Thomas was distracting himself with another virtual reality horror game. Maybe it was a simple case of nyctophilia, but he found a certain level of comfort in scary games, especially the ones that involved Bigfoot. It was officially Halloween; and anything was better than thinking about that damned photograph […]

2020, Ethan Blake, Into the Hollow, first page of chapter 4

Love of the night; attraction (sometimes sexual) to night or darkness.


infiltrate

From Middle English infiltrate (adj), from Medieval Latin infiltrātus, from infiltrō.

One critical distinction to make is whether a focal corneal infiltrate is infected with bacteria or is a sterile immunologic response.

2008, Jimmy D. Bartlett, Siret D. Jaanus, Clinical Ocular Pharmacology, page 539:

(pathology) Any undesirable substance or group of cells that has made its way into part of the body.


contradictory

Borrowed from Late Latin contradictorius, from Latin contradico.

If one proposition is the negation of another, it follows trivially from the definition that the two propositions are contradictories. The converse does not hold. Two propositions can be contradictories without either being the negation of the other. For example:
 3) John is more than six feet tall
and
 4) John is either exactly six feet tall or else less than six feet tall
 are contradictories, but neither is the negation of the other. Negation is one way, but not the only way, of forming a contradictory.

2001, Mark Sainsbury, chapter 1, in Logical Forms — An Introduction to Philosophical Logic, 2nd edition, Blackwell Publishing, →ISBN, §4, page 20:

(logic) Either of a pair of propositions, that cannot both be true or both be false.

نَقِيض

any of a pair of propositions, that cannot both be true or both be false


contingency

en-noun

contingency (countable and uncountable, plural contingencies)

(logic, countable) A statement which is neither a tautology nor a contradiction.

kontingenssi

a statement which is neither a tautology nor a contradiction


incompatible

/ˌɪŋkəmˈpætɪbəl/

Incompatibles are consequents of contraries. For example, sleeping and waking are contraries, and snoring is associated with sleepers. So snoring and waking are incompatibles.

2004, Boethius, translated by Eleonore Stump, In Ciceronis Topica:

(philosophy) A consequent of a contrary.


scholasticism

scholasticism (countable and uncountable, plural scholasticisms)

(philosophy) A tradition or school of philosophy, originating in the Middle Ages, that combines classical philosophy with Catholic theology.


Valentine's Day

en-proper noun

Valentine's Day (plural Valentine's Days)

On the long time line of the so-human search for a profound and lasting happiness, many of us will still have our romances. Of the senses and the mind. We will have our spring dances, our candlelight dinners, our Valentine’s Days, our ear when we need to talk, our moonlit hand-holdings, our horizon gazings. our car rides in sensual silence.

1994, Wynton Marsalis, Frank Stewart, Sweet Swing Blues on the Road, New York, N.Y.: W. W. Norton & Company, →ISBN, page 90:

Valentine’s Day is a time for love and affection. I do not know anyone who wants to spend Valentine’s Day alone. I love to spend my Valentine’s Days with the person I am dating or my family. I love buying and giving gifts during this holiday but the most important thing is being with the people I care about and love. [F, Diary]

2006, Cornelia Pechmann, Linda L. Price, editors, ACR in San Antonio 2005 (Advances in Consumer Research; XXXIII), Association for Consumer Research, →ISBN, page 361, column 1:

The idea of matching outfits suddenly seems like a great way to show our compatibility, so we eat breakfast in heart-covered pajamas, but this willingness to embarrass ourselves for amour is what makes our Valentine’s Days truly romantic.

2013, Mike Bender, Doug Chernack, “Valentine’s Day”, in Awkward Family Holiday Photos, New York, N.Y.: Three Rivers Press, →ISBN, page 13:

Saint Valentine's Day
Saint Valentine's Day


séance

From French séance (“sitting, session”).

[B]ut only too often séances degenerate into pure sorcery or necromancy, attracting all kinds of undeveloped and earth-bound entities.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 231:

A ceremony where people try to communicate with the spirits of dead people, usually led by a medium.

seancë spiritizmi

a ceremony where people try to communicate with the spirits


hagiographer

/ˌhæɡiˈɑɡɹəfɚ/

/ˌhæɡiˈɒɡɹəfə/

(theology) A writer of any of the Hagiographa․


scholastic

Borrowed from Middle French scholastique, from Latin scholasticus, from Ancient Greek σχολαστικός (skholastikós).

der

(philosophy) A member of the medieval philosophical school of scholasticism; a medieval Christian Aristotelian.


scholastic

en-adj

scholastic (comparative more scholastic, superlative most scholastic)

more scholastic (comparative)
most scholastic (superlative)

And hence it is that men, even when they are baffled and silenced in this scholastic way, are seldom or never convinced , and so brought over to the conquering side

1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC:

(philosophy) Of or relating to the philosophical tradition of scholasticism


consequent

Borrowed from Middle French conséquent, from Latin consequens, consequentem, present participle of consequi (“to follow”), from con- + sequi (“to follow”). Compare French conséquent.

(logic) The second half of a hypothetical proposition; Q, if the form of the proposition is "If P, then Q."

takajäsen

the second half of a hypothetical proposition


Saint Valentine's Day

Tomorrow is S. Valentines day, all in the morning betime, / And I a Maid at your Window, to be your Valentine.

c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v], page 273:

A holiday in remembrance of Saint Valentine, February 14th, celebrated by sending cards or similar tokens of love.

عِيد اَلْحُبّ m (ʕīd al-ḥubb, literally “festival of love”)

день влюблённых m (denʹ vljubljónnyx, literally “lovers' day”)


oversoul

/ˈəʊvəˌsəʊl/

The Supreme Critic on all the errors of the past and the present, and the only prophet of that which must be, is that great nature in which we rest, as the earth lies in the soft arms of the atmosphere ; that Unity, that Over-Soul, within which every man's particular being is contained and made one with all other[…]

1841, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “The Over-Soul”, in Essays: Orations and Lectures, London: William Tegg and Co., published 1848, page 155:

(philosophy, especially in transcendentalism) A supreme reality or mind; the spiritual unity of all being.


flutter

en-verb

flutter (third-person singular simple present flutters, present participle fluttering, simple past and past participle fluttered)

flutters (present singular third-person)
fluttering (participle present)
fluttered (participle past)
fluttered (past)

From Middle English floteren, from Old English floterian, flotorian (“to float about, flutter”), from Proto-Germanic *flutrōną, frequentative of Proto-Germanic *flutōną (“to float”), equivalent to float + -er (frequentative suffix). Cognate with West Frisian flodderje (“to flutter, beat”), Dutch flodderen (“to flutter, wave”), Low German fluttern, fluddern (“to flutter”), German flittern (“to sparkle, glitter”). More at float.

cog

This was the first time that Nosenko had been subjected to a lie detector — or what the CIA called fluttering. The Soviet Union did not use such devices for interrogation.

1978, Edward Jay Epstein, Legend: The Secret World of Lee Harvey Oswald, page 38:

"Anyway, she cracked and we fluttered her and—" / "Fluttered her?" / "Sorry, gave her a polygraph, a lie detector test. And she passed, more or less, […]

(espionage, slang) To subject to a lie detector test.


turnstile

(mathematics, logic) The ⊢ symbol used to represent logical entailment (deducibility relation), especially of the syntactic type; i.e., syntactic consequence. (Such symbol can be read as "prove(s)" or "give(s)". )


lolicon

en-noun

lolicon (usually uncountable, plural lolicons)

Borrowed from Japanese ロリコン (rorikon), clipping of ロリータ・コンプレックス (“Lolita complex”), from the Vladimir Nabokov novel Lolita and English complex (not from English Lolita complex, which comes from the Japanese term). Lolita comes from Spanish Lolita, diminutive of Lola, from the given name Dolores. By surface analysis, loli + -con (“abnormal sexual attraction”).

clipping

ロリータ・コンプレックス

surf

Innocence’s story—about female sex androids that kill their owners—is possible only in a Lolicon country like Japan. The androids are modeled after little girls[.]

2004, Patrick Macias, Tomohiro Machiyama, Cruising The Anime City: An Otaku Guide to Neo Tokyo, Stone Bridge Press, page 48:

A Japanese term derived from the English phrase “Lolita complex,” lolicon describes a fascination with cartoons of very young-looking girls engaged in varying degrees of erotic behavior.

2014 October 15, Matt Alt, “Pharrell Williams’s Lolicon Video”, in The New Yorker:

(uncountable, anime and manga) Attraction (often erotic) to young or young-looking female characters.


noema

From Ancient Greek νόημα (nóēma, “concept”, “idea”, “perception”, “thought”).

uder

"How is it that the noema can be both a sense and the intended objectivity itself? Husserl distinguishes three moments in the noema: the thetic characteristic (noematic correlate of the act-quality), the 'noematic' sense (the assimilation of the act-matter into the newly conceived intentional content), and the determined X (the "innermost moment" of the noema).

(philosophy) That which is perceived in the noesis/noema duality


freethinker

Danish: fritænker (calque)

French: libre-penseur (calque)

German: Freidenker (calque)

desc

вольноду́мец

Russian: вольноду́м (volʹnodúm), вольноду́мец (volʹnodúmec) (calque)

A person who has formed his or her opinions using reason and rational enquiry; somebody who has rejected dogma, especially with regard to religion.

ազատամիտ

The report projected that in the Asia-Pacific region, the proportion of freethinkers is projected to decline from 21 per cent in 2010 to 17 per cent in 2050.

2015 April 6, Siau Ming En, “Religiosity on rise in Asia-Pacific, proportion of freethinkers on decline”, in Today Online, archived from the original on 2015-04-10:

(Singapore, Malaysia) A person with no religion.


purgatory

en-noun

purgatory (countable and uncountable, plural purgatories)

/ˈpɝɡəˌtɔɹi/

/ˈpɜːɡət(ə)ɹi/

From Middle English purgatorie, from Old French purgatore, purgatorie, from Latin purgātōrium (“cleansing”). Cognate to English purge.

(Christianity) Alternative letter-case form of Purgatory


purgatory

en-adj

purgatory (comparative more purgatory, superlative most purgatory)

more purgatory (comparative)
most purgatory (superlative)

/ˈpɝɡəˌtɔɹi/

/ˈpɜːɡət(ə)ɹi/

Last of all, the prodigie of Siracusa was expiat by a purgatory sacrifice, by direction from the soothsaiers to what gods, supplications and sacrifice should be made.

1600, Philemon Holland, transl., The Roman Historie Written by T. Livius of Padua, London, Book 41, p. 1103:

This purgatory interval is not unfavourable to a faithless representative, who may be as good a canvasser as he was a bad governor.

1790, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, London: J. Dodsley, page 272:


noesis

en-noun

noesis (countable and uncountable, plural noeses)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek νόησις (nóēsis, “concept”, “idea”, “intelligence”, “understanding”), from νοεῖν (noeîn, “to intend”, “to perceive”, “to see”, “to understand”) (from νοῦς (noûs, “mind”, “thought”), from νόος (nóos)) + -σις (-sis), suffix forming nouns of action.

lbor

(Greek philosophy) The exercise of reason.

Husserl calls the noesis the meaning-giving element of the act, and the noema he calls the meaning given in the act."

2003, Denis Fisette, Husserl's Logical Investigations Reconsidered:

(metaphysics) The consciousness component of noetics, which concerns the duality of noesis and noema.


backstory

From back- (prefix meaning ‘in, into, or towards the past’) + story.

prefix

(chiefly espionage, law enforcement) A fictitious account of a person's history designed to conceal their actual history and motives.


sentential

(linguistics, law, philosophy) Relating to a sentence.


enamor

en-verb

enamor (third-person singular simple present enamors, present participle enamoring, simple past and past participle enamored)

enamors (present singular third-person)
enamoring (participle present)
enamored (participle past)
enamored (past)

From Middle English enamouren, a late back-formation from enamoured, itself a partial calque of Old French enamore, past participle of enamorer, enamourer, equivalent to prefix en- + amor + -er. See amour, and compare inamorato.

Me-thought I was enamoured of an Asse.

1596, William Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Act IV, Scene I:

By Phœbus, here's a moſt neate fine ſtreete; is't not? I proteſt to thee, I am enamord of this ſtreete now, more then of halfe the ſtreetes of Rome, againe; tis ſo polite, and terſe; [...]

1601, Ben Jonson, Poetaster or The Arraignment: […], London: […] [R. Bradock] for M[atthew] L[ownes] […], published 1602, →OCLC, Act III:

He was offered a chair in the university and a course abroad. But he hesitated. There was a girl of whom he became enamored, so he contemplated marriage and political activity.

1900, Leo Tolstoy, chapter 86, in William E. Smith, transl., The Awakening: The Resurrection:

(mostly in the passive, followed by "of" or "with") To cause to be in love.


percept

Borrowed from Latin perceptum, neuter of perceptus (“perceived”), past participle of percipiō (“to perceive”); see perceive.

Whether it might not, in like manner, be proper to introduce the term percept for the object of perception, I shall not at present inquire.

1860, William Hamilton, Lectures in Metaphysics, III.3:

(philosophy, psychology, now rare) Something perceived; the object of perception.

I see an inkstand on the table: that is a percept. Moving my head, I get a different percept of the inkstand.

1901, Charles Sanders Peirce, Grammar of Science:

So far as in that world it is a stable feature, holds ink, marks paper and obeys the guidance of a hand, it is a physical pen. [...] So far as it is instable, on the contrary, coming and going with the movements of my eyes, altering with what I call my fancy, continuous with subsequent experiences of its ‘having been’ (in the past tense), it is the percept of a pen in my mind.

1905, William James, “How Two Minds Can Know One Thing”, in Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods:

Socrates remarks that when he is well he finds wine sweet, but when ill, sour. Here it is a change in the percipient that causes the change in the percept.

1946, Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy:

(philosophy, psychology, linguistics) A perceived object as it exists in the mind of someone perceiving it; the mental impression that is the result of perceiving something.


epistemological

en-adj

epistemological (comparative more epistemological, superlative most epistemological)

more epistemological (comparative)
most epistemological (superlative)

/ɪˌpɪstəməˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/

/ɪˌpɪstəməˈlɑd͡ʒəkəl/

The epistemological position of Ritschl, in our author's exposition of it, is little more than idealistic rationalism.

1898, E. A. Read, “Review of Vergleich der dogmatischen Systeme von R. A. Lipsius und A. Ritschl”, in The American Journal of Theology, volume 2, number 1, page 190:

In the period from Spinoza to the end of the 19th century, the reading of design into nature received such devastating attacks from naturalists to non-naturalists alike that there developed an epistemological neurosis which Von Baer aptly termed “teleophobia.”

1952, D. Maurice Allan, “Towards a Natural Teleology”, in The Journal of Philosophy, volume 49, number 13, →DOI:

My conclusion dovetails with Fasold's conclusion, which is based on a quite different, more epistemological kind of argument.

1991, Walt Wolfram, “The Linguistic Variable: Fact and Fantasy”, in American Speech, volume 66, number 1, page 31:

Of or pertaining to epistemology or theory of knowledge, as a field of study.

epistemològic

of or pertaining to epistemology or theory of knowledge, as a field of study


DS

en-noun

DS (countable and uncountable, plural DSs or DSes)

Let ‘F’ stand for the state of affairs that consists in finite persons possessing and exercising free will. Let ‘p’ stand for ‘God exists’; ‘q’ for ‘F obtains’; ‘r’ for ‘F poses a serious risk of evil’; and ‘s’ for ‘There is no option available to God that counters F.’ With this in place, the argument may be formalized as follows:
(1) [(p & q) & r] → s Premiss
(2) ~s Premiss
(3) ~[(p & q) & r] 1, 2 MT
(4) ~(p & q) v ~r 3 DM
(5) r Premiss
(6) ~(p & q) 4, 5 DS
(7) ~p v ~q 6 DM
(3) follows from the conjunction of (1) and (2) by modus tollens; De Morgan’s law applied to (3) yields (4); (4) and (5) together lead to (6) by disjunctive syllogism; and another application of De Morgan’s law takes us from (6) to the final conclusion, according to which either God exists or there is free will (but not both).

2004 August, J. L. Schellenberg, “The Atheist’s Free Will Offence”, in International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, volume 56, № 1, pages 11-12:

(logic) Initialism of disjunctive syllogism.


demiurge

From Ancient Greek δημιουργός (dēmiourgós, “one who works for the people; a skilled workman, a handicraftsman”) (whence Latin dēmiūrgus, French démiurge), from δήμιος (dḗmios, “belonging to the people, public”) (from δῆμος (dêmos, “the people”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂mos (“people”), from *deh₂- (“to divide”) + Ancient Greek -ιος (-ios), from Proto-Indo-European *-yós (suffix creating an adjective from a noun)) + Ancient Greek -ουργός (-ourgós, “worker”) (from ἔργον (érgon, “labour; task; work”), from Proto-Indo-European *wérǵom (“work”)).
No relation with English demi- (as in demigod).

der

A demiurge or craftsman god takes pre-existing matter and fashions it in light of the eternal Forms.

[T]he demiurgus is father, and power and intellect. And he possesses these things as much as possible on account of intelligibles. For he is a God as father, on account of them. He is also power, and the generator of wholes, and knows beings intellectually, on account of them. For in them intelligible knowledge first subsists. Much more therefore are father, power and intellect in intelligibles; from which also the demiurgus being filled, participates of this triad.

1816, Proclus, “[Chapter XXI] From the Axioms in the Phædrus concerning Every Thing Divine [it Follows] that Every Thing Divine is Beautiful, Wise, and Good”, in Thomas Taylor, transl., The Six Books of Proclus the Platonic Successor, on the Theology of Plato, Translated from the Greek; […] Two Volumes, volume I, London: Printed for the author, by A[braham] J[ohn] Valpy, […], →OCLC, page 203:

The universe, he [Plato] proposes, is the product of rational, purposive, and beneficent agency. It is the handiwork of a divine Craftsman ("Demiurge," dêmiourgos, 28a6), who, imitating an unchanging and eternal model, imposes mathematical order on a preexistent chaos to generate the ordered universe (kosmos).

2013 March 13, “Plato's Timaeus”, in Edward N. Zalta, editor, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Stanford, Calif.: Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University, →ISSN, →OCLC:

(Platonic philosophy) The (usually benevolent) being that created the universe out of primal matter.


analytic

en-adj

analytic (comparative more analytic, superlative most analytic)

more analytic (comparative)
most analytic (superlative)

/ˌænəˈlɪtɪk/

From Ancient Greek ἀναλυτικός (analutikós).

(logic, of a proposition) that follows necessarily; tautologous.


disutility

en-noun

disutility (countable and uncountable, plural disutilities)


inductive

en-adj

inductive (comparative more inductive, superlative most inductive)

more inductive (comparative)
most inductive (superlative)

From Middle French inductif, from Late Latin inductivus.

(logic) Of, or relating to logical induction.


sneaky

[…] in cooperation with the National Security Agency, installs and maintains "sneakies" throughout the U.S.S.R. and Communist China — but increasingly, denied areas are surveyed more simply.

1974, Miles Copeland, Without cloak or dagger: the truth about the new espionage, page 244:

[…] has used travellers to plant 'sneakies' - small electronic transmitting devices which form part of a surveillance network.

1991, Chapman Pincher, The Truth about Dirty Tricks:

(espionage, slang) Any device used for covert surveillance.


dirimens copulatio

From Latin dirimēns cōpulātiō (“separating connection”).

bor

(logic, rhetoric) Mentioning a balancing or opposing fact to prevent the argument from being one-sided or unqualified.


slippery slope

(by extension) A logical fallacy in which a party asserts that a particular result will probably follow from a given decision or circumstance, without necessarily providing any rational argument for the likelihood of the assumed consequence.


atheophobia

At many institutions, I have found atheophobia to be rampant among students; and religiophobia to be common among faculty.

2003 Spring, Robert J. Nash, “Inviting Atheists to the Table: A Modest Proposal for Higher Education”, in Religion & Education, volume 30, number 1, New York, →DOI, →ISSN:

Atheophobia leads to invisibility for many atheists, who find it is best to keep their nonbelief hidden for their own good.

2009 Spring, Kathleen M. Goodman with John A. Mueller, “Invisible, marginalized, and stigmatized: Understanding and addressing the needs of atheist students”, in New Directions for Student Services, number 125, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 55–63:

Atheophobia should be just as unacceptable as homophobia, anti-Semitism, or racism.

2011 January 25, Dan Barker, The Good Atheist: Living a Purpose-Filled Life Without God, Berkeley: Ulysses Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 42:

無神論恐怖症

むしんろんきょうふしょう


Jainism

Jainism is similar to other eastern religions in believing in reincarnation.

I know enough about Jainism to know that Jains are some of the most extreme vegetarians around.

2020, Avni Doshi, Burnt Sugar, Hamish Hamilton, page 55:

An ancient Dharmic religion, with a focus on nonviolence and personal effort to elevate the reincarnating soul towards moksha by liberating it from samsara.

(philosophy) A nontheistic heterodox Indian philosophy


ghostbuster

From ghost + buster, popularized by the 1984 film Ghostbusters.

Someone who purports to rid a place of ghosts.


Polish notation

After the nationality of the logician Jan Łukasiewicz

In Polish Notation, the connectives are placed before the wffs. The virtue of this sentence is that its grammar is simpler, for it has no need for parentheses. Sider’s examples: (P ∧ Q) → R and P ∧ (Q → R) become → ∧PQR and ∧P → QR.
If you actually look at a text in this tradition, you’ll find something slightly different. “C” stands for “consequence”, i.e., implication (→) and “N” for negation (∼).
So,consider the following from Tarski and Łukasiewicz’s Investigations into the Sentential Calculus. The claim there is that there are three axioms:
 ‘CCpqCCqrCpr’
 ‘CCNppp’
 ‘CpCNpq’

2009, Brandon C. Look, “Symbolic Logic II, Lecture 6”, in www.uky.edu/~look, archived from the original on 2011-11-09:

(arithmetic, logic) A notation for arithmetic (and logical) formulae in which operations (respectively, quantifiers and operands) are written immediately before their operands, used to avoid the need for parentheses; for example, 3 * (4 + 7) is written as * 3 + 4 7 and A AND B is written as AND A B.


vorarephilia

From Latin vorare (“to devour”) + -philia.

1998, Karl Xydexx Jorgensen, in alt.fan.furry http://groups.google.com/group/alt.fan.furry/msg/1a213152a9bb5836?dmode=source&hl=en
Ooh, vorarephilia. What's eating me? A big wolfy, prolly. I'm everyone's favorite chew-toy.

1999, Kevin Alexander Cosmic, in alt.fan.vore http://groups.google.com/group/alt.fan.vore/msg/b0833972db5377ca?dmode=source&hl=en
A place to discuss vorarephilia... Why, I am right on topic here, my kind of place, and not even any competing predators to snatch my prey away while I play with it, harrr harrr harrrr!

2004, Cecil Adams, The Straight Dope 2 July https://web.archive.org/web/20080512084711/http://www.straightdope.com/columns/040702.html
Vore (short for vorarephilia) is a code word for a sexual interest in things eating other things.

A paraphilia or fetish in role-playing, involving the devouring of or being devoured by another person or creature—whether alive and whole ("soft vore"), or with gore or killing ("hard vore").

voraphilia

vore; probably by influence from the clipped form


limerent

en-adj

limerent (comparative more limerent, superlative most limerent)

more limerent (comparative)
most limerent (superlative)


stateless

無狀態

(computer science) without remembering state

(philosophy, politics) Neither believing in nor supporting the idea of nations.


realist

Aristotle's own doctrine is far from clear. It was this lack of clarity that made possible the medieval controversy between nominalists and realists.

1946, Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, I.19:

(philosophy) An advocate of realism; one who believes that matter, objects etc. have real existence beyond our perception of them.


instrumentalism

en-noun

instrumentalism (countable and uncountable, plural instrumentalisms)

Instrumentalism views truth as simply the value belonging to certain ideas in so far as these ideas are biological functions of our organisms, and psychological functions whereby we direct our choices and attain our successes.

1908, Josiah Royce, The Problem of Truth in Light of Recent Discussion:

(philosophy) In the philosophy of science, the view that concepts and theories are merely useful instruments whose worth is measured not by whether the concepts and theories are true or false (or correctly depict reality), but how effective they are in explaining and predicting phenomena.


limerence

limerence (countable and uncountable, plural limerences)

From arbitrary first element + -ence. Coined by American psychologist Dorothy Tennov in 1979 as an arbitrary euphonious replacement or alteration of amorance.

coin

I first used the term ‘amorance’ then changed it back to ‘limerence’ […]. It has no roots whatsoever. It looks nice. It works well in French. Take it from me it has no etymology whatsoever.

1977 September 11, Dorothy Tennov, The Observer:

When someone is under the spell of limerence, not even being rejected dampens down the madness.

2003 December 14, Andrew G Marshall, The Observer:

But limerence, lovely as it feels, is a time-limited event—it lasts about five years for most couples.

2010, Alyson Schafer, Breaking the Good mom Myth:

Limerence is a state of overwhelming and unexpected longing for emotional reciprocation from another human, known as a limerent object (LO), who is often perceived as perfect but unavailable.

2024 January 27, Amanda McCracken, The New York Times:

(psychology) An involuntary romantic infatuation with another person, especially combined with an overwhelming, obsessive need to have one's feelings reciprocated.


memetic engineering

The process of developing memes, through meme-splicing and memetic synthesis, with the intent of altering the behavior of others in society or humanity.

The process of creating and developing theories or ideologies based on an analytical study of societies, cultures, their ways of thinking and the evolution of their minds.


abasiophilia

From abasia (“inability to walk”) + -philia.

An overpowering sexual attraction to people who use orthopaedic appliances such as leg-braces, spinal braces, plaster or fibreglass orthopedic casts, or wheelchairs.


sweet nothings

en-noun

sweet nothings pl (normally plural, singular sweet nothing)

Hearing such words as these, in the sweetest, tenderest voice that ever caressed a lover's senses, Basil knew not how to word all that was in his heart. . . . Side by side, forgetful of all but their recovered peace, they talked sweet nothings.

1904, George Gissing, chapter 28, in Veranilda:

[T]he facts, to make matters worse, were made public with the usual affectionate letters that passed between them, full of sweet nothings.

1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 16]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

It is difficult to know how accurate this portrait is, and how much of it consists of sweet nothings whispered into the author's ear by loyal retainers.

2004 April 25, Joe Klein, “Does Bush Really Get Us?”, in Time, archived from the original on 2010-11-03:

(idiomatic) Insubstantial or romantic words that are only meant to flatter, woo, or seduce.

甜蜜情話

insubstantial or romantic words that are only meant to flatter, woo or seduce


XOR

The XOR of (0,0) is 0; (0,1) is 1; (1,0) is 1; and (1,1) is 0.


NAND

Blend of NOT + AND, by analogy with NOR reinterpreted as NOT + OR or negation + OR

(logic) A binary operator composite of NOT AND; negation of AND function.


androphilia

A love of or sexual attraction to men or masculinity.


androphile

One who is attracted to masculinity or to men.


quantifier

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 4. Unsubstantiality

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 78. Generality

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 100. Plurality

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 101. Zero

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 102. Multitude

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 103. Fewness

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 105. Infinity

universal quantifier
universal quantifier

existential quantifier
existential quantifier

(logic) An operator, such as the universal quantifier (written as ∀) or the existential quantifier (∃), used in predicate calculus to indicate the degree that predicate is true for a specified set.


ens

From Late Latin ēns (“thing”), from esse (“to be”). See entity.

Forms sphered in fire with trembling light array'd, / Ens without weight, and substance without shade […].

1791, Erasmus Darwin, The Economy of Vegetation, J. Johnson, page 41:

the Nature of the Supreme Ens

1860, John Henry Macmahon, A treatise on metaphysics: chiefly in reference to revealed religion, page 195:

(philosophy) An entity or being; an existing thing, as opposed to a quality or attribute.


argumentum ad nauseam

(rhetoric) The false proof of a statement by (prolonged) repetition, possibly by different people.


thymotic

The truth of humanity, in other words, has arisen from conflicts that are essentially 'thymotic', that is, concerned with the conditions of ethical, political, and moral recognition.

2013, Ross Abbinnett, Politics of Happiness: Connecting the Philosophical Ideas of Hegel, Nietzsche and Derrida to the Political Ideologies of Happiness:

(philosophy) Of, of related to the thymos.


thymos

Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós, “soul, heart”). Doublet of thymus and fume.

uder

(philosophy, in Platonic philosophy) that area of the soul where feelings of pride, indignation, shame etc are located


adumbration

en-noun

adumbration (countable and uncountable, plural adumbrations)

Edmund Husserl
Lord Belhaven and Stenton
Plato
allegory of the cave

From Latin adumbrātiō (“sketch; outline, silhouette; pretence, semblance”) + -ion (suffix indicating a condition or state). Adumbrātiō is derived from adumbrāre (present active infinitive of adumbrō (“to represent an object with light and shade, to shade; to represent in outline, to outline, silhouette, sketch; to cast a shadow on, overshadow, shade; to copy, counterfeit, imitate”)) + -tiō (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or the results of actions). Adumbrō is derived from ad- (prefix meaning ‘to, towards’) + umbrō (“to cast a shadow, to shade; to overshadow”) (from umbra (“shade; shadow; ghost”)).

скица

faint sketch; brief representation, outline

Of necessity a physical thing can be given only "one-sidedly;" and that signifies, not just incompletely or imperfectly in some sense or other, but precisely what presentation by adumbrations prescribes.

1983, Edmund Husserl, “Consciousness and Natural Actuality”, in F. Kersten, transl., Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy: First Book: General Introduction to a Pure Phenomenology, paperback edition, The Hague, Boston, Mass.: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, →ISBN, part 2 (The Considerations Fundamental to Phenomenology), §44 (Merely Phenomenal Being of Something Transcendent, Absolute Being of Something Immanent), page 94:

Just as the intentional horizon of the spatial object is made up of those adumbrations which would be implied were I to walk around the object and view it from different points of view, so the intentional horizon of the temporal object is made up of retentions and protensions.

1991, Christopher Macann, “The Impossibility of a Phenomenological Constitution of the Flux of Inner Time Consciousness”, in Presence and Coincidence: The Transformation of Transcendental into Ontological Phenomenology (Phaenomenologica; 119), Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media, →DOI, →ISBN, page 65:

Obviously, he [Edmund Husserl] assumes that adumbrations exist in consciousness and that they are real parts of the stream of conscious experiences. Otherwise he should have inferred from the thought-experiment of the destruction of the world that in this case consciousness would exist together with a chaotic stream of adumbrations.

1995, Herman Philipse, “Transcendental Idealism”, in Barry Smith, David Woodruff Smith, editors, The Cambridge Companion to Husserl, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, published 1999 (reprint), →ISBN, page 258:

(countable, philosophy, specifically phenomenology) The form of an object as seen by an observer.


soulmate

From soul + mate. First attested as soul-mate in a 1822 letter by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Not in common usage before the 1980s.

Finding your wonderful soulmate is very similar to the process of sowing a seed and nurturing it into a beautiful blossoming plant.

2012, Ulli Springett, Tara Springett, Soulmate Relationships: How to find, keep and understand your perfect partner, Hachette UK, →ISBN:

I'm all over the place, I can't sit in one place / I'm not ashamed at all / Still findin' myself, let alone a soulmate, I'm just sayin'

2015, “Jungle”, in If You’re Reading This It’s Too Late, performed by Drake:

Someone, especially a romantic partner, with whom one is exceptionally or uniquely compatible or has a special, almost spiritual connection.

сродна душа

Someone with whom one has a special connection

運命の人 (unmei no hito, literally “person of fate”)

赤い糸で結ばれた相手 (akai ito de musubareta aite, literally “partner bound by the red string (of fate)”)


enamored

en-adj

enamored (comparative more enamored, superlative most enamored)

more enamored (comparative)
most enamored (superlative)

Inherited from Middle English enamoured, a partial calque of Old French enamore, past participle of enamorer, enamourer; compare amour and enamor, enamour.

She's enamored of [or with] her new boyfriend.

During the 1980s, its vivid streetlife became a symbol of the “consumer socialism” that distinguished Hungary from other Eastern Bloc states, but Budapesters today are rather less enamoured of Váci: dressed-to-kill babes and their sugar daddies would rather pose in malls, and teenagers can find McDonald's anywhere, leaving Váci utterly dependent on tourists for its livelihood and bustle.

2002, Charles Hebbert, Dan Richardson, The Rough Guide to Budapest, 2nd edition, London: Rough Guides, →ISBN, page 73:


perfectionist

I have read in some of our perfectionists enough to make a better man than myself either run into madness or despair about the grace you mention […].

1748, [Samuel Richardson], “Letter CXVI”, in Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to VII), London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC:

(philosophy, now rare) Someone who thinks that religious or moral perfection can be attained in this life.


perfectionist

perfectionist (comparative more perfectionist, superlative most perfectionist)

more perfectionist (comparative)
most perfectionist (superlative)

(philosophy) Inclined or related to perfectionism.


supererogation

en-noun

supererogation (countable and uncountable, plural supererogations)

/ˌs(j)uːpəɹɛɹəˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n/

From Late Latin superērogātiō (“payment in addition”), from superērogāre (“to pay in addition”), from super (“in addition to”) + ērogāre (“to pay, pay out, expend, disburse”), equivalent to supererogate + -ion.

uder

For now let us look at the supererogation which would be contrasted with mutual aid. […] [T]here would be two fundamental types of supererogation. Supererogation 1 focuses on the same sorts of situations and the same sorts of aid covered by mutual aid, but removes the limit on the cost to the giver: […] Supererogation number 2 focuses not on situations where basic needs are threatened, but on well-being, […]

1982, John P. Reeder, Jr., “Beneficence, Supererogation, and Role Duty”, in Earl E. Shelp, editor, Beneficence and Health Care (Philosophy and Medicine; 11), Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company, →DOI, →ISBN, page 93:

According to standard definitions of supererogation, acts are supererogatory if and only if they are neither morally obligatory nor morally prohibited, but nevertheless have moral value (are morally good, etc.).

1992, Phillip Montague, “Beneficence and Supererogation”, in In the Interests of Others: An Essay in Moral Philosophy (Philosophical Studies; 55), Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media, →DOI, →ISBN:

Exposing one's self to a severely communicable disease in order to alleviate that individual's suffering, e.g., working in a tubercular ward in the early part of this century, or working in an AIDS hospice today, could be seen as supererogations of type one. Providing cosmetic surgery, not as the repair of a disfigurement caused by accident or injury, but simply to enhance one's features, or providing Human Growth Hormone so one may not be considered short, would be examples of supererogations of type two.

2001, Robert M. Timko, Clinical Ethics: Due Care and the Principle of Nonmaleficence, Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, →ISBN, pages 120–121:

Supererogation is the technical term for the class of actions that go “beyond the call of duty.” Roughly speaking, supererogatory acts are morally good although not (strictly) required. […] Surprisingly, the history of supererogation in non-religious ethical theory is fairly recent, starting only in 1958 with J. O. Urmson's seminal article, “Saints and Heroes.”

2016 spring, David Heyd, “Supererogation”, in Edward N. Zalta, editor, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy:

(philosophy) An action that is neither morally forbidden nor required, but has moral value.


Locke

Sacramento County
Sacramento County#English

A number of places in the United States:

An unincorporated community and historic district in Sacramento County, California.

A township and unincorporated community therein, in Elkhart County, Indiana.

A town in Cayuga County, New York, named after John Locke.


preterist

/ˈpɹɛtəɹɪst/

(theology) An adherent of preterism; one who believes that the Biblical prophecies of the Apocalypse refer to historical events which have already taken place.


loveless

en-adj

loveless (comparative more loveless, superlative most loveless)

more loveless (comparative)
most loveless (superlative)

From Middle English loveles; equivalent to love + -less.

Theirs was a loveless marriage: they stayed together even though they didn't care for each other.


epiphenomenon

en-noun

epiphenomenon (plural epiphenomena or (nonstandard) epiphenomenons)

epiphenomena (plural)
epiphenomenons (nonstandard plural)

/ˌɛpɪfəˈnɒmɪnən/

/ˌɛpəfəˈnɑməˌnɑn/

/ˌɛpɪfəˈnɒmɪnə/

/ˌɛpəfəˈnɑmənə/

PIE word
 *h₁epi
From epi- (prefix meaning ‘above, on, over; in addition to’) + phenomenon. Phenomenon is derived from Late Latin phaenomenon (“appearance”), Latin *phaenomenon (only attested in the plural form phaenomena), from Ancient Greek φαινόμενον (phainómenon, “thing that appears in one’s view; appearance; phenomenon”), a noun use of the neuter singular form of φαινόμενος (phainómenos), the present middle or passive participle of φαίνω (phaínō, “to cause to appear; to reveal, show, uncover; to expound”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to glow with light, to shine”).
The plural epiphenomena is derived from epi- + phenomena.

der

It is a necessary corollary of the view here advanced that in instinct as such consciousness is a mere epiphenomenon—a by-product, with no bearing whatever on the performance of the activity in so far as it is instinctive.

1894, C[onwy] Lloyd Morgan, “Instinct and Intelligence”, in Havelock Ellis, editor, An Introduction to Comparative Psychology (The Contemporary Science Series), London: Walter Scott, […], →OCLC, page 208:

According to this hypothesis, mind is a ‘collateral product’ of the physical, an ‘epiphænomenon’ accompanying, but never causally affecting, the physical series of phænomena.

1900 April, “Art. VIII.—Ward’s ‘Naturalism and Agnosticism.’ Naturalism and Agnosticism. The Gifford Lectures Delivered before the University of Aberdeen in the Years 1896–1989. By James Ward, […]. 2 vols. (London, 1899.) [book review]”, in The Church Quarterly Review, volume L, number XCIX, London: Spottiswoode & Co., →OCLC, page 133:

From the monistic standpoint there is a choice between two possible alternatives; either consciousness is a form of energy, like heat, etc., or it is merely a so-called epiphenomenon. […] It is essential to have a clear notion of what is meant by an epiphenomenon. […] It designates an accompanying incident of a process which is assumed to have no causal relation to the further development of the process. […] For many years I have tried to recognize some actual idea underneath the epiphenomenon hypothesis of consciousness, but it more and more seems clear to me that there is no idea at all, and that the hypothesis is an empty phrase, a subterfuge, which really amounts only to this—we can explain consciousness very easily by merely assuming that it does not require to be explained at all.

1902 August, Charles Sedgwick Minot, “The Problem of Consciousness in Its Biological Aspects”, in The Popular Science Monthly, volume LXL, number 4, New York, N.Y.: The Science Press, →OCLC, page 291:

(philosophy, psychology) A mental process or state that is an incidental by-product of physiological events in the brain or nervous system.

epifenomeno

metal process or state that is an incidental by-product of physiological events in the brain or nervous system


historicity

en-noun

historicity (usually uncountable, plural historicities)

Probably from French historicité, or from Latin historicus + -ity. Equivalent to historic + -ity.

This particular school places great emphasis on the historicity of ideas, practices, or institutions.

A superficial impression of Asia may be of disorder, whereas this condition is in fact the immediate historicity that speaks for an undertheorised heteroglossia.

2017, Francis Chia-Hui Lin, Architectural Theorisations and Phenomena in Asia, page 194:

(philosophy) The characteristic of having appeared or developed in history, as opposed to being natural or universal.

史實性

characteristic of having appeared in history


Islamophilia

(sometimes derogatory) Love or admiration of (the values of) Islam or of Islamic civilization.


antisceptic

Unlike the rationalistic sceptic, the rationalistic antisceptic believes he can provide an adequate justification for responsibility [....]

1995, Paul Russell, Freedom and Moral Sentiment: Hume's Way of Naturalizing Responsibility, page 172:


nosophilia

Sexual arousal from knowing that a partner has a terminal illness


enthymeme

/ˈɛnθɪˌmiːm/

From Ancient Greek ἐνθύμημα (enthúmēma, “thought, consideration”), from ἐν (en, “within, with”) + θυμός (thumós, “soul, life”).

uder

(logic) A syllogism with a required but unstated assumption.

enthymeem

syllogism with required but unstated assumption


ushabti

Borrowed from Egyptian w-S-b-t:y-A53 (wšbtj, “ushabti”, literally “answerer”), by folk etymology from earlier SA-wA-b-t:y-A53 (šꜣwꜣbtj), perhaps from S-wA-b-M1 (šwꜣb, “persea (tree)”), which may have been the material they were originally made from. The variant forms shawabti, shabti are borrowed directly from the earlier Egyptian forms šꜣwꜣbtj and šꜣbtj, respectively.

bor

These little images were called in Egyptian “Ushabti,” or “Respondents,” and were in fact supposed to act as servants of the deceased, it being their duty to answer for him and serve as his substitutes when called upon to do labourer's work [...].

1886 September 1, The Times, p.13 col. A:

The air was all at once full of Egyptian and Greek tear-bottles, Ushabti, and Sèvres.

Spectacular objects began to surface throughout the world; […] elaborate ivory powder boxes engraved with peacocks or pictures of lions and unicorns playing draughts, precious ushabtiu figures, the combs of an unknown princess, her red ivory jars of frankincense and eye paint, copper coffers, poison rings, diadems.

1993, Rikki Ducornet, The Jade Cabinet, Dalkey Archive Press, page 121:

In ancient Egypt, a figurine of a dead person, placed in their tomb to do their work for them in the afterlife.


remotion

en-noun

remotion (countable and uncountable, plural remotions)

From Old French or directly from Latin remōtiō.

This act persuades me / That this remotion of the Duke and her / Is practice only.

c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

A syllogism disjunctive from the enumeration of the parts is that, in which from the remotion of all the parts the remotion of the whole is concluded.

1847, Murray's Compendium of logic, with a corrected Latin text, page 155:

We may proceed from the remotion of the consequent to the remotion of the antecedent.

1857, John Daniel Morell, Handbook of logic, page 51:

The remotion of Cr3+ from the wastewater prevents its possible oxidation.

2003, 2001. a Clay Odyssey, →ISBN, page 619:

(especially logic, largely obsolete) Removal.


pluralism

pluralism (countable and uncountable, plural pluralisms)

Due to pluralism and conflicts within the good itself, such perfection, for Berlin, is not possible. A compromise does not bring us closer to a higher telos in history.

2006, Connie Aarsbergen-Ligtvoet, Isaiah Berlin: A Value Pluralist and Humanist View of Human Nature and the Meaning of Live, →ISBN:

Pluralism is a creative force because it admits of multiple ways to see a thing, multiple valuable paths to choose from.

2016, Stuart Firestein, Failure: Why Science is So Successful, page 217:

(philosophy) The belief that values can be simultaneously antagonistic and incommensurable.

2014, Salvatore Florio, “Untyped Pluralism”, in Mind, volume 123, number 490, pages 317–337:

2015, Michael Rieppel, “Pluralities and Plural Logic”, in Analysis, volume 75, number 3, pages 504–514:

(philosophy) The belief that a plural predicate refers to its individuals rather than to a collective.


venial sin

(Roman Catholicism, theology) A sin that is not a mortal sin; a sin that is not grave, or was not deliberate or was committed without a full understanding of the consequences.


mortal sin

mortal sin (countable and uncountable, plural mortal sins)

(Roman Catholicism, theology) A sin which causes the loss of God's grace, leading to eternal damnation, unless the sinner repents, which includes their intent to confess and atone; such a sin is defined as a grave transgression against one of the Ten Commandments with the full knowledge and deliberate consent of the sinner.

deadly sin

strictly a different concept, though often used interchangeably


legalism

legalism (countable and uncountable, plural legalisms)

(Chinese philosophy) Alternative letter-case form of Legalism


epiphenomenal

en-adj

epiphenomenal (comparative more epiphenomenal, superlative most epiphenomenal)

more epiphenomenal (comparative)
most epiphenomenal (superlative)

/ˌɛpɪfɪˈnɒmɪnəl/

If qualia are epiphenomenal in the standard philosophical sense, their occurrence can't explain the way things happen (in the material world) since, by definition, things would happen exactly the same without them.

2002, Daniel Dennett, “‘Epiphenomenal’ Qualia?”, in Neil Campbell, editor, Mental Causation and the Metaphysics of Mind: A Reader, Broadview, page 211:

(philosophy, psychology) Of or pertaining to a mental process that occurs only as an incidental effect of electrical or chemical activity in the brain or nervous system.


defeater

(logic, philosophy) a belief which, if proved to be true, would imply outright or indirectly that another belief were false.


fire and brimstone

Calque of Biblical Hebrew גׇּפְרִ֣ית וָאֵ֑שׁ (gofrit va’esh) and Ancient Greek πυρὸς καὶ θείου (puròs kaì theíou), appearing in both the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament.

calque

גׇּפְרִ֣ית וָאֵ֑שׁ

πυρὸς καὶ θείου

And the third Angel followed them, ſaying with a lowd voice, If any man worship the beaſt and his image, and receiue his marke in his forehead, or in his hand, / The ſame ſhall drinke of the wine of the wrath of God, which is powred out without mixture into the cup of his indignation, and hee ſhall be tormented with fire and brimſtone, in the preſence of the holy Angels, and in the preſence of the Lambe:

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 14:9–10:


hellfire

en-noun

hellfire (countable and uncountable, plural hellfires)

/ˈhɛlˌfaɪəɹ/

From Middle English helle fire, helever, from Old English hellefȳr, equivalent to hell + fire. Cognate with West Frisian helfjoer (“hellfire”), Dutch hellevuur (“hellfire”), German Höllenfeuer (“hellfire”).


in love

I think John is in love.

Isn't it nice to see two people in love?

Romeo was in love with Juliet.

So she said "What's the problem, baby?" / What's the problem? I don't know / Well, maybe I'm in love (love) / Think about it every time / I think about it / Can't stop thinking 'bout it

2004 May 3, Adam Duritz, Dan Vickrey, David Bryson, Matt Malley, David Immerglück, “Accidentally in Love”, in Shrek 2: Motion Picture Soundtrack, performed by Counting Crows:

Enamored (of a person, etc.) [with with]


lovesick

en-adj

lovesick (comparative more lovesick, superlative most lovesick)

more lovesick (comparative)
most lovesick (superlative)

And she looked to Mr. –––– / And leered like a love-sick pigeon.

1834 [1799], Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, “The Devil's Thoughts”, in The Poetical Works of S. T. Coleridge, volume II, London: W. Pickering, page 86:

I'm sick of love / I hear the clock tick / This kind of love / I'm lovesick

1997, Bob Dylan (lyrics and music), “Love Sick”, in Time Out of Mind:

Behaving oddly, or as though in distress, due to being overcome by feelings of love.

Having an aching desire for one's beloved.

vlinders in je buik

having an aching desire for one's beloved

but preferably use a construction with the noun Liebeskummer


hit it off

en-verb

hit it off (third-person singular simple present hits it off, present participle hitting it off, simple past and past participle hit it off)

hits it off (present singular third-person)
hitting it off (participle present)
hit it off (participle past)
hit it off (past)

I really hit it off with Jack, and hired him without needing an interview.

Those two are really hitting it off. I wouldn't be surprised if they started dating soon.

“My profile said ‘Australian tennis player’ so I think Savannah had visions of me at Wimbledon,” he laughs. “In reality, I was paying for the opportunity to play at an academy.” Even so, they soon hit it off.

2023 February 6, Lizzie Cernik, “How we met: ‘He sent 40 Valentine’s cards with all the different things he loved about me’”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(informal) To develop an amicable relationship (with), especially in a sudden manner during an initial encounter.


golden rule

"Mr. Francis seems to understand the fundamental principle of all moral accounting, the great ethic rule of three. Let A do to B, as he would have B do to him; the product will give the rule of conduct required." My father smiled at this reduction of the golden rule to arithmetical form.

1818, Sir Walter Scott, chapter 2, in Rob Roy:

(ethics) The principle that one should treat other people in the manner in which one would want to be treated by them.

恕道

principle that one should treat other people how one wants to be treated


universal opportunity

(theology) The idea, particularly in Christianity, that an opportunity to follow the deity, e.g. Jesus, will be an option at the time of death.


spooked

en-adj

spooked (comparative more spooked, superlative most spooked)

more spooked (comparative)
most spooked (superlative)

(philosophy) Duped into believing a spook.


deterministic

deterministic (comparative more deterministic, superlative most deterministic)

more deterministic (comparative)
most deterministic (superlative)

(philosophy) Of, or relating to determinism.


relativism

en-noun

relativism (countable and uncountable, plural relativisms)

(uncountable, philosophy) The theory, especially in ethics or aesthetics, that conceptions of truth and moral values are not absolute but are relative to the persons or groups holding them.

relativisme

theory that truth and moral values are relative

Following Gilbert Harman’s lead, my own formulation of relativism about the normative domain was based on the classic examples of thoroughgoing relativisms drawn from physics.

2008, Paul Boghossian, “Replies to Wright, MacFarlane and Sosa”, in Philosophical Studies, volume 141, number 3, page 413:

(countable, philosophy) A specific such theory, advocated by a particular philosopher or school of thought.


blow a kiss

en-verb

blow a kiss (third-person singular simple present blows a kiss, present participle blowing a kiss, simple past blew a kiss, past participle blown a kiss)

blows a kiss (present singular third-person)
blowing a kiss (participle present)
blew a kiss (past)
blown a kiss (participle past)

We haven't yet kissed, but she blew me a kiss as the train pulled out of the station. That meant a lot to me.

(idiomatic) To kiss one's hand, then blow on it in a direction towards the recipient.

給某人飛吻

kiss one's hand and blow towards the recipient


cousins

From cousin + -s (suffix forming pluralia tantum, regular plurals of nouns, and the third-person singular indicative present tense forms of verbs).
The plural noun sense 1 (“American or British intelligence services”) was popularized in the works of the English author John le Carré (David John Moore Cornwell; 1930–2020).

suffix

[T]he grounded fieldmen, the trainers and the case officers who made their own murmured caucus always – they saw the question solely in operational terms. […] They saw the shotgun marriage with the Cousins as just another skilful bit of tradecraft in a long and delicate poker game.

1977, John le Carré [pseudonym; David John Moore Cornwell], chapter I, in The Honourable Schoolboy, London: Hodder and Stoughton, →ISBN, page 16:

(espionage, slang) The American intelligence services (from a British perspective) or the British intelligence services (from an American perspective).


idealism

en-noun

idealism (countable and uncountable, plural idealisms)

(philosophy) An approach to philosophical enquiry, which asserts that direct and immediate knowledge can only be had of ideas or mental pictures.


down under

Refers to the fact that the Australian continent lies south of, colloquially thought of as 'below' or 'under', the equator.


predestination

predestination (countable and uncountable, plural predestinations)

From Middle English predestinacion, from Old French predestination, from Late Latin praedēstinātiō. Displaced native Old English foreteohhung.

(theology) The doctrine that everything has been foreordained by God or by fate.


nomological

(philosophy) Pertaining to or expressing general laws that lack logical necessity.


intending

Formulated in this fashion, the phenomenological datum evokes the distinction made earlier between those intendings and positings in which the ego is involved and those in which the ego is not engaged.

2012, F. Kersten, Phenomenological Method: Theory and Practice (page 53)

(philosophy) The process by which one intends something; intention.


Alternativism

(philosophy) An ideology of limitless alternatives, and/or the practice of relating every logical alternative to a larger truth.

(theology) The belief that absolute truth must explain every legitimate alternative.


flirter

From flirt + -er. Compare Old English fleardere (“one who acts wantonly or with folly”).

noncog

I just ended a relationship with a compulsive flirter, after realizing that no one deserved to be treated as I was.

1988, Glamour, volume 86, numbers 7-9, page 26:


metaphysical

From Middle English metaphisicalle, methafisical, from Medieval Latin metaphysicālis.

Being an adherent of the philosophy of metaphysics.


antitheism

The categorical opposition to the belief in any and all deities.


Word

Semantic loan from Koine Greek λόγος (lógos).

sl

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

And so the Word had breath, and wrought
With human hands the creed of creeds
In loveliness of perfect deeds,
More strong than all poetic thought; […]

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXXVI, page 56:


naturalism

en-noun

naturalism (countable and uncountable, plural naturalisms)

From natural + -ism. Compare French naturalisme.

(philosophy) Any system of philosophy which refers the phenomena of nature as a blind force or forces acting necessarily or according to fixed laws, excluding origination or direction by a will.

(philosophy) A doctrine which denies a strong separation between scientific and philosophic methodologies and/or topics


autogynephilia

/ˌɔːtəʊˌɡaɪnəˈfɪli.ə/

/ˌɔtoʊˌɡaɪnəˈfɪli.ə/

/ˌɑtoʊˌɡaɪnəˈfɪli.ə/

Coordinate term: autoandrophilia

Charles Moser (2010) “Blanchard’s Autogynephilia Theory: A Critique”, in Journal of Homosexuality, volume 57, number 6, →DOI, pages 790–809: “If autogynephilia were a paraphilia, we would expect that MTFs would want estrogens to feminize themselves, but decline anti-androgens or report that they disliked the effect. This is contrary to the observation that MTFs request and like the effects of anti-androgens.”

gender identity disorder
gender identity disorder

transvestic fetishism
transvestic fetishism

In Ray Blanchard's transsexualism typology, the proposed paraphilic tendency of someone who is anatomically male to be sexually aroused by the thought of being a female, sometimes framed as a form of gender identity disorder or transvestic fetishism.


utilitarianism

utilitarianism (countable and uncountable, plural utilitarianisms)

(philosophy) A system of ethics based on the premise that something's value may be measured by its usefulness.

(philosophy) The theory that action should be directed toward achieving the "greatest happiness for the greatest number of people" (hedonistic universalism), or one of various related theories.

نَفْعِيَّة

the theory of the "greatest happiness for the greatest number of people"


privation

privation (countable and uncountable, plural privations)

/pɹɪˈveɪʃən/

Inherited from Middle English privacioun, from Middle French privation, privacion, from Old French privacion, from Latin prīvātiō; compare French privation. See private.

inh+

(philosophy) The state of being deprived of or lacking an attribute formerly or properly possessed; the loss or absence of such an attribute.

недостиг

philosophy: the state of being deprived of or lacking an attribute formerly or properly possessed; the loss or absence of such an attribute


free variable

(mathematics, logic) A variable (occurring within some expression or well-formed formula) which is not bound by a quantifier or analogous symbol (such as a lambda abstractor, the "differential d" near the end of an integral or differential form, or a summation symbol).


kalokagathia

Borrowed from Ancient Greek καλοκαγαθίᾱ (kalokagathíā, “nobility, goodness”), from καλοκάγαθος (kalokágathos, “gentleman”), from καλός καὶ ἀγαθός (kalós kaì agathós, “beautiful and good”), shortened as καλός κἀγαθός (kalós kagathós), + -ίᾱ (-íā, “-ness”).

bor

(philosophy) A Platonic teaching consisting of the harmonious combination of bodily, moral and spiritual virtues.


Valhalla

From New Latin, from Old Norse Valhǫll (from valr (“dead warriors”) + hǫll (“hall”)).

der

[S]uch souls as were detruded from the body by any violent method went strait to Valhalla. (Latin original: Nostratibus sane hoc erat infallibiliter persuasum, animas, non vulgares, neque senio morbove, sec cruenta morte & vi corporibus exeuntes, recta ad Vahlallam ferri)

1791 May 1, “Moore's Inquiry into the Subject of Suicide”, in Monthly Review, London, pages 24–25:

In some poems they are envisaged as divine figures, women who serve mead to the dead warriors in Valhall, and who fulfil the will of Odin in overseeing battle and making sure that victory is awarded to the right man.

1996, Carolyne Larrington, The Poetic Edda, Folio Society, published 2016, page xvii:

(Norse mythology) The home of half of all warriors who died gloriously in battle as well as many of the Æsir.

فَالْهُول

in Norse mythology, the home of warriors slain gloriously in battle


originalist

Before explicating the possibility of a non-textualist strategy let me address Philipse's arguments in favour of textualism as appropriate method in theology. Some of these arguments appeal to the religious traditions, and thus suggest that a believer qua believer (rather than qua historian) has to be originalist.

2009, Holy Writ: interpretation in law and religion, page 56:

One who aims to discover how the writers of a document intended it to be interpreted, and to interpret it in that way.

(theology) Specifically, one who aims to discover how the writers of the Jewish and Christian scriptures intended them to be interpreted, and to interpret them in that way.


spiritualist

(philosophy) One who maintains the philosophic doctrine of spiritualism.

spiritualisti

philosophy: one who maintains the doctrine of spiritualism


SDR

en-noun

SDR (countable and uncountable, plural SDRs)

(espionage) Initialism of surveillance detection route.


clockwork universe

clockwork universe (plural clockwork universes)

(philosophy, metaphysics) A universe in which all of the actions of matter and energy operate as reactions according to predetermined rules set down by a creator, like the movements of a clock.


sublimation

sublimation (countable and uncountable, plural sublimations)

From Middle English sublimacioun, sublimacion, from Medieval Latin sublīmātiōnem, from Latin sublīmō (“I raise, I elevate”, verb).
Synchronically, sublimate + -ion.

der

It uses dry ice pellets (capsules of frozen carbon dioxide), blown at supersonic speed onto the railhead through a small nozzle. Any leaf contamination on the line is frozen, becoming brittle. The pellets then change instantly from solid to gas without going through a liquid stage (a process known as sublimation).

2023 September 20, Tom Ingall, “Freezing the leaves off the line”, in RAIL, number 992, page 46:

(chemistry) The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor state such that it does not pass through the intermediate liquid phase.

(psychology) The transformation of an impulse into something socially constructive.

Elevation; exaltation; a making sublime.


common sense

Calque of Middle French sens commun and its source, Latin sēnsus commūnis, itself a calque of Ancient Greek κοινὴ αἴσθησις (koinḕ aísthēsis).

κοινὴ αἴσθησις

This common ſenſe is the Iudge or Moderator of the reſt, by whom we diſcerne all differences of obiects; for by mine eye I doe not knowe that I ſee, or by mine eare that I heare, but by my common ſenſe, […]

1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Of the Inward Senses”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy, […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 1, member 2, subsection 7, page 35:

(philosophy) One of the four interior senses; the one by which information from the five exterior senses is understood and interpreted.

common sense is neither common nor sensical


prime mover

Originally in translation of Latin primum mobile.

(philosophy) The initial agent that is the cause of all things.


revenant

19th century. From French revenant, the present participle of revenir (“to return”). Compare revenue.

For granting even that Religion were dead; that it had died, half-centuries ago, with unutterable Dubois; or emigrated lately, to Alsace, with Necklace-Cardinal Rohan; or that it now walked as goblin revenant with Bishop Talleyrand of Autun; yet does not the Shadow of Religion, the Cant of Religion, still linger?

1837, Thomas Carlyle, The French Revolution: A History […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, (please specify the book or page number):

Earlier you mentioned a ghost, a revenant with which we may contaminate the Emperor.

1969, Frank Herbert, Dune Messiah, published 2008, →ISBN, page 19:

And to a revenant who had lived in body after body, died death after death, evanescence could seem like a dream of peace. But the chimaera could ill afford to let soldiers go.

2011, Laini Taylor, Daughter of Smoke & Bone, →ISBN:

If reports from the time are to be believed, 17th-century Poland was awash in revenants—not vampires, exactly, but proto-zombies who harassed the living by drinking their blood or, less disagreeably, stirring up a ruckus in their homes.

2023 September 5, Franz Lidz, “Undying Dread: A 400-Year-Old Corpse, Locked to Its Grave”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

A supernatural being that returns from the dead; a zombie or ghost.


rewriting

en-noun

rewriting (countable and uncountable, plural rewritings)

(logic, computer science) Any of wide range of potentially non-deterministic methods of replacing subterms of a formula with other terms.


infralapsarianism

(theology) A doctrine held by certain Calvinists holding that, while the fall of man was inevitable, the identities of the elect and the reprobate were not known until after the fall.


distributive

en-adj

distributive (comparative more distributive, superlative most distributive)

more distributive (comparative)
most distributive (superlative)

(logic) Assigning the species of a general term.


supralapsarianism

(theology) A doctrine held by certain Calvinists that God predestined the fall of man.


Anglophilia

/ˌæŋ.ɡləʊˈfɪ.li.ə/

Perhaps Anglophilia continues to play its part, but if I were one of the few surviving teachers of Anglo-Saxon I would rejoice at the way in which such terms as muggle and Wizengamot, and such names as Godric, Wulfric and Dumbledore, had become common currency.

2007 August 12, Christopher Hitchens, “Harry Potter: The Boy Who Lived”, in New York Times:

But now, as a company with the word "British" in its name pisses apocalyptic quantities of oil into the ocean, and CEO Tony Hayward pops up on the news to make tactless statements in a British accent, anglophilia is shrivelling.

2010 June 14, Charlie Brooker, The Guardian:

The love of the country, culture or people of England.

anglofília

the love of the country, culture or people of England


immanence

en-noun

immanence (countable and uncountable, plural immanences)

(philosophy, metaphysics, theology) The concept of the presence of deity in and throughout the real world; the idea that God is everywhere and in everything. Contrast transcendence.

вездесъщност

(philosophy, metaphysics, theology) concept


tautologous

en-adj

tautologous (comparative more tautologous, superlative most tautologous)

more tautologous (comparative)
most tautologous (superlative)

Pertaining to a tautology; tautological.


Kierkegaardian

Kierkegaardian (comparative more Kierkegaardian, superlative most Kierkegaardian)

more Kierkegaardian (comparative)
most Kierkegaardian (superlative)

/ˌkɪəkəˈɡɑːdɪ.ən/

/ˌkɪɹkəˈɡɑɹdi.ən/

(philosophy) Of or pertaining to the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855) or his existentialist philosophy.

kierkegaardovský

of or pertaining to Søren Kierkegaard or his philosophy


parallelism

en-noun

parallelism (countable and uncountable, plural parallelisms)

From parallel + -ism and from Late Latin parallelismus.

(philosophy) The doctrine that matter and mind do not causally interact but that physiological events in the brain or body nonetheless occur simultaneously with matching events in the mind.


spying

spying (countable and uncountable, plural spyings)

Inherited from Middle English spyinge, spiyng, spyeng, equivalent to spy + -ing.

There are two ways in which the obsessive character of jealousy tends to exert itself: one is in the need to know, the endless tests and investigations and spyings that are so characteristic of jealousy.

1980, Amélie Rorty, Explaining Emotions, page 472:

espionage; the act of secretly gathering information


prevenient grace

(Christianity, theology) An Arminian doctrine distinctive to Methodism and the broader Wesleyan movement. It holds that man is so fallen that he is utterly incapable of perceiving the need for salvation, but God, in His infinite wisdom, has preveniently extended to humankind sufficient grace that we can, through free will, willingly accept salvation.


hungry ghost

(Buddhism, Chinese folk religion) A type of supernatural being, condemned to desire more than it can consume; often depicted with large belly and tiny mouth.

ပြိတ္တာ

in Buddhism, a type of supernatural being


reductionism

reductionism (countable and uncountable, plural reductionisms)

(philosophy) A philosophical position which holds that a complex system is nothing but the sum of its parts, and that an account of it can be reduced to accounts of individual constituents. In a reductionist framework, the phenomena that can be explained completely in terms of relations between other more fundamental phenomena, are called "epiphenomena".

ռեդուկցիոնիզմ

(philosophy) theory holding that complex systems can be reduced to simpler components


via negativa

The medieval Roman Catholic Church recognized two opposite roads to grace: the via negativa of the monk's cell and the hermit's cave, and the via affirmativa of immersion in human affairs, of being in the world whether or not one is of it.

1986 December 28, John Barth, “A Few Words About Minimalism”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(theology) A concept of God built up through negative statements about his nature.


via affirmativa

(theology) A concept of God built up through positive statements about his nature.


Pythagoras

/paɪˈθæɡ.əɹ.əs/

/pɪˈθæɡ.əɹ.əs/

Midland American English

/paɪˈθæ.ɡɚ.əs/

From Ancient Greek Πῡθαγόρᾱς (Pūthagórās).

Pitagora

Gratiano:
O, be thou damn'd, inexecrable dog!
And for thy life let justice be accused.
Thou almost makest me waver in my faith,
To hold opinion with Pythagoras,
That souls of animals infuse themselves
Into the trunks of men: thy currish spirit
Govern'd a wolf, who, hang'd for human slaughter,
Even from the gallows did his fell soul fleet,
And, whilst thou lay'st in thy unhallow'd dam,
Infused itself in thee; for thy desires
Are wolfish, bloody, starved, and ravenous.

c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:

A male given name from Ancient Greek of mostly historical use, and a transliteration from modern Greek.

Pythagoras (c. 570 – c. 495 BC), an Ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher.

Serge Lang and Gene Murrow (1988) Geometry, →ISBN, page 203: “By Pythagoras, we find the length of the third side, |AB|² = (2a)² – a² = 4a² – a² = 3a²”

Pythagoras' theorem
Pythagoras' theorem#English

(mathematics, colloquial) Ellipsis of Pythagoras' theorem.


moral objectivism

(philosophy) The position that certain acts are objectively right or wrong, independent of human opinion.

objectivisme moral

the position that certain acts are objectively right or wrong


objectivism

objectivism (countable and uncountable, plural objectivisms)

Coordinate term: positivism

Objectivism and subjectivism need each other to exist. Each defines itself in opposition to the other and sees the other as the enemy. Objectivism takes as its allies scientific truth, rationality, precision, fairness, and impartiality.

1980, George Lakoff, Mark Johnson, chapter 25, in Metaphors We Live By:

(philosophy) Any of several doctrines that holds that all of reality is objective and exists outside of the mind.

obyektivizm

doctrine that holds that reality is objective