love life

Marigold and Dale have a very active love life. I am encouraging them to invest in a new bedframe.

2015, Jeph Jacques, Questionable Content (webcomic), Number 2962: Daily Life:

William understood Diana more but idealized her less. He was privy to her volatile love life. He knew the tabloids made her life hell, but he also knew she colluded with them.

April 5 2022, Tina Brown, “How Princess Diana's Dance With the Media Impacted William and Harry”, in Vanity Fair:

An individual's amorous or sexual relationships.


consilience

en-noun

consilience (countable and uncountable, plural consiliences)

From Latin con- (prefix indicating a being or bringing together of several objects) + saliō (“to bound, jump, leap”) (modelled after resiliēns (“rebounding”)) + -ence, influenced by concurrent. Coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1840 in his book The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences.

coin

Indeed in all cases in which from propositions of considerable generality, propositions of a still higher degree are obtained, there is a convergence of inductions; and if in one of the lines which thus converge, the steps be rapidly and suddenly made in order to meet the other line, we may consider that we have an example of Consilience.

1840, William Whewell, “Of the Logic of Induction”, in The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, Founded upon Their History. […], volume II, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […]; Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: J. and J. J. Deighton, →OCLC, part II (Of Knowledge), book XI (Of the Construction of Science), paragraph 4, pages 242–243:

CONSILIENCE of INDUCTIONS takes place when an induction obtained from one class of facts coincides with an induction obtained from a different class. This consilience is the test of the truth of the theory in which it occurs.

1858, William Fleming, “CONSILIENCE of INDUCTIONS”, in The Vocabulary of Philosophy, Mental, Moral, and Metaphysical; […], 2nd revised and enlarged edition, London, Glasgow: Richard Griffin and Company, publishers to the University of Glasgow, →OCLC, page 114:

(logic) The concurrence of multiple inductions drawn from different data sets.


monadic

From Ancient Greek μοναδικός (monadikós, “single”), from μονάς (monás, “a unit”); see monad.

uder

We can refuse to view each of these areas as distinct and monadic categories of identity and we can refuse to study them in isolation from one another.

2006, Matt Wray, Not Quite White, page 142:

(philosophy) of, relating to, or being a monad

"The monadic existential quantifier ∃, as in ∃x, may express existence of x in formal logic or mathematics]]".

(mathematics, logic) having an arity of one (taking a single argument or operand)


stoically

en-adv

stoically (comparative more stoically, superlative most stoically)

more stoically (comparative)
most stoically (superlative)

(philosophy) In a manner consistent with the philosophy of stoicism.

stoalaisesti

in a manner consistent with the philosophy of stoicism


on point

Possibly from the French "en pointe" meaning to be on the tip of the toes in ballet and reflects a higher degree of skill. "On point" also describes a degree of competence and in the military the man "on point" was at the front and most exposed position in a combat military formation, that is, the leading soldier or unit advancing through hostile or unsecured territory. In recent American youth (especially hip hop) culture, the idiom "on point" refers either to someone who possesses abundant and various qualities of competence, leadership or style, or to specific acts which demonstrate such qualities.

We have no decisions in our state directly on point. With us the problem is one of first impression. None of the cases cited is on point.

1937, Herdman Motor Co. v. State Bd. of Tax Appeals, 119 N.J.L. 164, 166

His historical discussions always appear on point, well researched, and indicate a great deal of care.

1984, Eike-Henner W. Kluge, “Review of Frege and the Philosophy of Mathematics by Michael D. Resnik and Gottlob Frege by Hans D. Sluga”, in Noûs, volume 18, number 2, page 342:

Eitingon raised Jung's idea of substituting a new complex; Freud did not answer on point, but talked at length about transference.

1994, John Kerr, A Most Dangerous Method: The Story of Jung, Freud, and Sabina Spielrein, →ISBN:

The second question of the night was about the shortage of flu vaccine. Bush gave a fine answer, on point.

2004 October 13, Dick Meyer, “Opinion: Bush Did Well, But Kerry Won”, in CBS News, retrieved 2012-06-22:

(chiefly US, law, philosophy) Having a direct application to the case or topic under consideration; apposite, relevant.


prehension

en-noun

prehension (countable and uncountable, plural prehensions)

Borrowed from Latin prehensio, prehensionis. Doublet of prison.

The addiction to punning was related to a reverence for the "Word." In a pun or a hieroglyphic figure, several lines come together in what Whitehead would call "a prehension"; in the comprehension of an event, that sympathetic resonance between the observor and the "thing" observed, there is a correspondence between the cosmic word of the gods (the Logos of St. John) and the inner words of the human mind, for each shares existence because it is a manifestation of divine laws and harmony.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 214:

(philosophy) According to Alfred North Whitehead, a type of universally acting perception that is not limited to living, self-conscious beings, and which involves an interconnectedness of the observer and the observed.


code name

(business, espionage, military) A name used to clandestinely identify somebody or something, either for military or espionage purposes, or for commercial confidentiality.

代號

name used to clandestinely identify something


actualism

actualism (countable and uncountable, plural actualisms)

(philosophy) The belief that actuality and existence are co‐extensive: i.e., that only actual things exist, and merely possible things do not.

aktualism

the belief that only actual things exist


dotage

dotage (countable and uncountable, plural dotages)

From dote + -age, from Middle English doten (“to dote”).

Claudio. And ſhe is exceeding wiſe.
Prince. In euery thing, but in louing Benedicke. […] I would ſhee had beſtowed this dotage on mee,

1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii], page 108, column 2:

Fondness or attentiveness, especially to an excessive degree.


sorites

From the Latin sōrītēs, from the Ancient Greek σωρείτης (sōreítēs, “fallacy of the heap”), from σωρός (sōrós, “heap”).

der

Why?—he would ask, making use of the sorites or syllogism of Zeno and Chrysippus without knowing it belonged to them.—Why? why are we a ruined people?—Because we are corrupted.——Whence is it, dear Sir, that we are corrupted?—Because we are needy [...] ——And wherefore, he would add,—are we needy?——From the neglect, he would answer

1760, Laurence Sterne, The Life & Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, Penguin, published 2003, page 130:

(logic, rhetoric) A series of propositions whereby each conclusion is taken as the subject of the next.


desitive

(obsolete, logic) An argument that leads to a conclusion.


tailing

A prolongation of current in a telegraph line, due to capacity in the line and causing signals to run together.


concupiscible

en-adj

concupiscible (comparative more concupiscible, superlative most concupiscible)

more concupiscible (comparative)
most concupiscible (superlative)

From Middle English concupiscibill, concupiscibl, concupiscible, concupyscyble, concupyssible, from Middle French concupiscible and its etymon, Latin concupīscibilis.

The irascible and concupiscible appetites are distinguished by different aspects of their objects. The object of the concupiscible faculty "is sensible good or evil, simply apprehended as such" while good and evil considered as "arduous or difficult … is the object of the irascible faculty."

2015, Jeffrey Froula, “Aquinas on the Moral Neutrality of the Passion of Despair”, in New Blackfriars:

(theology) Relating to the concupiscible passions


signified

Here things are getting better and better for women and people of color, and gay men and lesbians, more and more integrated and open, and all you can think about is some stupid, lame problem with signifiers and signifieds.

2001, Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections:

In Peircean terms, topics are interpretants: signifieds that become new signifiers in the endless semiotic chain of interpretations.

2012, Esti Sheinberg, Music Semiotics, page 9:

(linguistics, semiotics, philosophy) The concept, object or person that is referred to by a sign or signifier.


selfhood

en-noun

selfhood (usually uncountable, plural selfhoods)

(philosophy, psychology) State of having a distinct identity, or being an individual distinct from others; individuality.


planking

planking (countable and uncountable, plural plankings)

[…] but, like planking, horsemanning, Tebowing, Hadoukening, and other viral photography memes, as a genre of public performance, dance in public is greatly facilitated by the channels of distribution that social media offer, […]

2020, Harmony Bench, Perpetual Motion: Dance, Digital Cultures, and the Common:

The practice of lying face down with arms to the sides, in unusual public spaces, and taking photographs to record the act.


conation

conation (countable and uncountable, plural conations)

Learned borrowing from Latin cōnātiō (“an act of attempting”).

lbor

Any pleasing sense-experience, when it has once taken place, will, on subsequent occasions, give rise to a conation, when its conditions are only partially repeated...

1899, George Frederick Stout, A Manual of Psychology, page 234:

You can sit quiet and hear the processes going on, going about their business; volition, desire, will, cognition, passion, conation.

[The] 'purposive conscious striving' aspect of conation is very likely a concept we need to treat separately if we are to study human motivation successfully […]

1987, Marshall J. Farr, 'Cognition, Affect, and Motivation: Issues, Directions and Perspectives Toward Unity', in Conative and Affective Process Analysis, p. 347

(philosophy) The power or act which directs or impels to effort of any kind, whether muscular or psychical.


turn around

en-verb

turn around (third-person singular simple present turns around, present participle turning around, simple past and past participle turned around)

turns around (present singular third-person)
turning around (participle present)
turned around (participle past)
turned around (past)

kääntää

idiomatic: to effect a positive reversal of a trend

Some months ago, the Captain had come to the FBI with a story that he had been contacted by Soviet agents, and the FBI had “turned him around” and used him to plant false and specially made up classified material of no importance on the Soviets.

2014, Joseph DiMona, To the Eagle's Nest:

(transitive, espionage) To convert (an agent) to work for one's own side.


May-September romance

en-noun

May-September romance (plural May-September romances)

From the metaphor of a year being the lifespan of a person, May being a time of relative youth and September being late in maturity.

The 40-year-old man and his 20-year-old girlfriend were involved in a May-September romance.

A romantic relationship where one partner is significantly older than the other.


intension

From Latin intēnsiō (“straining, effort; intensifying”), from intēnsus (“stretched”), perfect passive participle of intendō (“strain or stretch toward”).

uder

This law is, that the intension of our knowledge is in the inverse ratio of its extension.

1859–1860, William Hamilton, edited by H[enry] L[ongueville] Mansel and John Veitch, Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC:

(logic, semantics) Any property or quality connoted by a word, phrase or other symbol, contrasted with actual instances in the real world to which the term applies.


faith-based

en-adj

faith-based (comparative more faith-based, superlative most faith-based)

more faith-based (comparative)
most faith-based (superlative)

From faith + based. The political sense emerged from the 1970s to the 1980s. The term "faith-based organization" dates from 1971.http://books.google.com/books?id=yXLwAAAAMAAJ&q=%22faith-based+organizations%22&dq=%22faith-based+organizations%22&hl=en&ei=zaFrTPbWLcuMOOKMja0B&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAg

... a self-confidence which stems from faith in the Buddha and His power. By this faith-based confidence they cure themselves." (1982)http://books.google.com/books?id=GnYou0owQ5MC&pg=PA152&dq=%22faith-based%22+-%22faith+based+on%22&hl=en&ei=N3xqTNOxO4mkOKiagKwB&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=%22faith-based%22%20-%22faith%20based%20on%22&f=false

(theology, religious studies) based on religious faith


argumentum ad numerum

argumentum ad populum
argumentum ad populum


bandwagon fallacy

en-noun

bandwagon fallacy (plural bandwagon fallacies)


argumentum ad populum

argumentum ad populum (plural argumenta ad populum)

Latin: argūmentum (“argument”, “proof”) + ad (“to”, “toward”) + populum (accusative singular of populus, “people”, “nation”) ≈ “appeal to the people”

The appeals to the public were also expressed differently: that is to say, much less by fallacious argumenta ad populum that played on the fears of the addressees, than by an appeal to rational insights, humanity and democracy.

2001, Martin Reisigl, Ruth Wodak, Discourse and Discrimination: Rhetorics of Racism and Antisemitism, page 166:

(rhetoric) A fallacious argument that concludes a proposition to be true because many or all people believe it; it alleges that “if many believe so, it is so”.


sophism

sophism (countable and uncountable, plural sophisms)

From Middle English sophim, from Old French soffime, sofime, sofisme, sophisme, from Latin sophisma (“fallacy, sophism”), from Ancient Greek σόφῐσμᾰ (sóphisma), from σοφίζω (sophízō) + -μα (-ma).

Within the framework of democracy a new ideology, born of sophism, took root and proclaimed the rights of the individual in all spheres, political as well as moral.

1958, Sophie Trenkner, The Greek Novella in the Classical Period, page 15:

Empiricism has its roots in Greek and Roman sophism and skepticism, and continues through Kant and American pragmatism.

2003, Murray Leaf, “Ethnography and Pragmatism”, in Alfonso Morales, editor, Renascent Pragmatism: Studies in Law and Social Science, →ISBN, page 92:

Sophistic teachers did not, in general, consciously aim at corrupting the young or turning them against their parents, but the radical skepticism and moral relativism of later sophism indirectly achieved something like this.

2009, Richard M. Berthold, Dare to Struggle: The History and Society of Greece, →ISBN, page 75:

(uncountable, historical) The school of the sophists in antiquity; their beliefs and method of teaching philosophy and rhetoric.


bad faith

* (philosophy): a semantic loan from French mauvaise foi, coined by existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre.

(philosophy) The existentialist concept of denying one's total freedom of will.


argumentum

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-argumentum.wav

Learned borrowing from Latin argūmentum. Doublet of argument.

Argumentum anti-Normannicum: or, An argument proving, from ancient histories and records, that William, Duke of Normandy, made no absolute conquest of England by the sword; in the sense of our modern writers.

1682: Sir Edward Coke, Argumentum anti-Normannicum, main title (John Darby)

(chiefly formal, in law, logic, etc.) Used in numerous Latin phrases (and occasionally alone) in the sense of “appeal” or “argument”.

argumentum ab auctoritate est fortissimum in lege

argumentum ab auctoritate plurimum valet in lege

argumentum ab impossibili plurimum valet in lege

argumentum ab inconvenienti est validum in lege

quia lex non permittit aliquod inconveniens


receptionist

Recorded since 1901, derived from reception + -ist.


puritanism

puritanism (countable and uncountable, plural puritanisms)

Borrowed from French puritanisme, equivalent to puritan + -ism.

(theology) Strict and austere religious conduct.


logic gate

There are six non-trivial, symmetric, two-input, Boolean logic gates: AND, OR, XOR, NAND, NOR and XNOR.

A physical device, typically electronic, which computes a Boolean logical output (0 or 1) from Boolean input or inputs according to the rules of some logical operator.


ataraxia

ataraxia (usually uncountable, plural ataraxias)

/ætəˈɹæksiə/

From Ancient Greek ἀταραξία (ataraxía), ἀ- (a-, “negative prefix”) + ταράσσω (tarássō, “trouble, disturb”). Doublet of ataraxy.

And what happineſs is there in a ſtorm of paſſions? On this account the Scepticks affected an indifferent æquipondious neutrality as the only means to their Ataraxia, and freedom from paßionate diſturbances.

1665, Joseph Glanvill, chapter XXVII, in Scepsis Scientifica: Or, Confest Ignorance, the Way to Science; in an Essay of the Vanity of Dogmatizing, and Confident Opinion with a Reply to the Exceptions of the Learned Thomas Albius, London: E. Cotes, page 168:

O, for that apathy of soul, that sweet ataraxia, of which I have heard, which forbids alike the approaches of pleasure and pain, hope and despair!

1838, Piomingo, John Robinson, The Savage, 2nd edition, Philadelphia: J. Ferral, →OCLC, →OL, page 194:

That terrible Latin poet Lucretius, whose apparent serenity and Epicurean ataraxia conceal so much despair, said that piety consists in the power to contemplate all things with a serene soul—pacata posse mente omnia tueri.

1921, J.E. Crawford Flitch, transl., The Tragic Sense Of Life, translation of Del sentimiento trágico de la vida by Miguel de Unamuno:

[…] he was an Epicurean not in the commonly misunderstood sense, as a seeker after luxury, but in the true meaning, as a pursuer of what the Greeks call ataraxia, or freedom from disturbance.

2006, Robert Harris, Imperium, London: Arrow Books, Part 2, Chapter 15, p. 400:

(literary, Greek philosophy) Tranquility of mind; absence of mental disturbance.


superimposition

superimposition (countable and uncountable, plural superimpositions)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superimposition.wav

The process, or the result of superimposing.

(philosophy) The building of ontological categories of a higher level on top of categories of a lower level.


Galilean

en-adj

Galilean (comparative more Galilean, superlative most Galilean)

more Galilean (comparative)
most Galilean (superlative)

(philosophy) Of or pertaining to the Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher Galileo Galilei.


aureola

/ɔːˈɹiː.ə.lə/

/ɔˈɹiː.ə.lə/

/ɑˈɹiː.ə.lə/

(theology) An increment to the ordinary blessedness of heaven gained by virgins, martyrs, and doctors for their triumph respectively over the flesh, the world, and the devil.


Pythagoreanism

Only two Greek philosophies, Pythagoreanism and neo-Platonism, might be called basically religious. Even early Pythagoreanism prior to 450 B.C. had a strong religious strain.

1987, Edward George Weltin, Athens and Jerusalem: An Interpretative Essay on Christianity and Classical Culture, Scholars Press, →ISBN, page 71:

(philosophy) The esoteric and metaphysical beliefs held by Pythagoras and his followers.


lurve

From an expressively lengthened pronunciation of love ([lʌːv]~[lɜːv]~[lɐːv]). The spelling is based on non-rhotic English.


lurve

en-verb

lurve (third-person singular simple present lurves, present participle lurving, simple past and past participle lurved)

lurves (present singular third-person)
lurving (participle present)
lurved (participle past)
lurved (past)


rationalism

en-noun

rationalism (countable and uncountable, plural rationalisms)

(philosophy) The theory that the reason is a source of knowledge independent of and superior to sense perception.

(philosophy) The theory that knowledge may be derived by deductions from a priori concepts (such as axioms, postulates or earlier deductions).

The opinion opposed to mysticism in philosophy is sometimes spoken of as rationalism. Rationalism insists that all our beliefs ought ultimately to find for themselves articulate grounds. Such grounds, for rationalism, must consist of four things: (1) definitely statable abstract principles; (2) definite facts of sensation; (3) definite hypotheses based on such facts; and (4) definite inferences logically drawn.

1902, William James, “Lecture 3”, in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […] , New York, N.Y.; London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC:

A view that the fundamental method for problem solving is through reason and experience rather than faith, inspiration, revelation, intuition or authority.


sphexish

en-adj

sphexish (comparative more sphexish, superlative most sphexish)

more sphexish (comparative)
most sphexish (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-sphexish.wav

From sphex (“sand wasp of Sphex or an allied genus”) + -ish (suffix meaning ‘being like, similar to, typical of’), coined by the American scientist and scholar of comparative literature Douglas Hofstadter (born 1945) in a September 1982 “Metamagical Themas” column in Scientific American, after a study of the behaviour of sphexide wasps. Sphex is derived from Ancient Greek σφήξ (sphḗx, “wasp”), either from Proto-Indo-European *bʰey- (“bee”) or a Pre-Greek word.

coinage

Is this the top of the pinnacle then? Or is it just the top of our pinnacle, the point at which we reveal our sphexish streak and flounder about foolishly in the face of higher thought?

1984, Daniel C[lement] Dennett, “Making Reason Practical”, in Elbow Room: The Varieties of Free Will Worth Wanting (A Bradford Book), Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, published 1997, →ISBN, page 46:

[A] sphexish creature in unusual circumstances may seem to be under the control of a malevolent puppet-master. A reliable sign that behaviour is sphexish is that the creature persists with it in circumstances that render it futile, rather as my first electronic typewriter would go on furiously hammering away with its daisy-wheel after the paper supply had run out.

1999, John [William Nevill] Watkins, “Genes, Brains, and Creativity”, in Human Freedom after Darwin: A Critical Rationalist View, Chicago, LaSalle, Ill.: Open Court Publishing Company, →ISBN, part 1 (Naturalism), § 5.1 (Genes and Behaviour), page 120:

Dual-process models of cognition […] all propose, in one way or another, that in fact we all are a little bit sphexish. In fact, many of these theories, in emphasizing the pervasiveness of TASS [The Autonomous Set of Systems] and the rarity and difficulty of analytic processing, are in effect proposing that our default mode of processing is sphexish.

2004, Keith E. Stanovich, “A Brain at War with Itself”, in The Robot’s Rebellion: Finding Meaning in the Age of Darwin, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 75:

What makes you any different from the digger wasp? Aren't you the least bit sphexish? You might argue (and probably will!) that we're far more complex than poor Sphex, and don't engage in the same repetitive actions that she does. […] Yet human beings are infinitely variable in their behavior, we don't all do the same thing in the same circumstances. Maybe it is hard to say exactly why we're not sphexish, but surely we're not. Regrettably, this rejection of sphexishness is not that great an argument.

2013, Stephen D. Hales, “Freedom”, in This is Philosophy: An Introduction, Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, →ISBN, paragraph 4.23, page 125:

(philosophy) Of animal behaviour: deterministic, preprogrammed.


ameliorative

en-adj

ameliorative (comparative more ameliorative, superlative most ameliorative)

more ameliorative (comparative)
most ameliorative (superlative)

ameliorative inquiry

ameliorative analysis

ameliorative project

conceptual engineering
conceptual engineering

(philosophy) Of or relating to conceptual engineering, the normative study of which conceptual demarcation is most conducive to solve the problems the concept is a priori taken to solve.


spiritual world

en-noun

spiritual world (plural spiritual worlds)


voluntas ordinata

(Christianity theology) The position (opinion) that, while God has the power to do anything, once He chooses to do something, He ends his ability to do otherwise.


functor

object-oriented programming
object-oriented programming

(object-oriented programming) A function object.

funktio-olio

object-oriented programming: function object


implicand

(propositional calculus) The conclusion of an implication.


implicant

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) On a Karnaugh map: a set of ones (whose quantity is a power of two) which are related by adjacency (i.e., the set is connected, if the Karnaugh map is considered to be a graph which "wraps around" its edges, like a torus; and all elements of the subgraph induced by the set have the same degree). Equivalently, in terms of Boolean algebra, a product term which, when true, always implies that the given Boolean function is true.


functionalism

functionalism (countable and uncountable, plural functionalisms)

/ˈfʌŋkʃənəlɪzəm/

(philosophy) The definition of mental states in terms of their causes and effects.


superordinate

en-adj

superordinate (comparative more superordinate, superlative most superordinate)

more superordinate (comparative)
most superordinate (superlative)

subordinate

antonym(s) of “lower in rank or position”

(logic) The relation of a universal proposition to a specific proposition of the same form with the universal quantified variable replaced by a specific instance.


NOT function

(logic, mathematics) A function that is equivalent to the NOT operator.


knowable

knowable (comparative more knowable, superlative most knowable)

more knowable (comparative)
most knowable (superlative)

Attested since the 15th century; know + -able

Capable of being known, understood or comprehended.

poznatelný

capable of being known, understood or comprehended


propositional function

en-noun

propositional function (plural propositional functions)

(logic) An expression containing algebraic symbols that serve to represent words or other elements of a sentence or proposition


truth function

(mathematics, logic) A Boolean function whose value is interpreted as truth or falsity


dynamism

dynamism (countable and uncountable, plural dynamisms)

(philosophy, metaphysics) Any of several philosophical theories that attempt to explain the universe by an immanent force.


voluntarism

voluntarism (countable and uncountable, plural voluntarisms)

(philosophy) A doctrine that assigns the most dominant position to the will rather than the intellect.


harrowing of hell

harrowing of hell (plural harrowings of hell)

Not the direct vision of the harrowings of hell as reported, for example, by many Christian visionaries, but accounts given by the departed souls themselves are more frequent and typical features of Jewish moralist writing.

1977, Raphael Werblowsky, Joseph Karo: lawyer and mystic, 2nd edition, page 44:

Of the four harrowings of hell that are cornerstones of Western literature […], we can eliminate the oldest.

2003, Robert J. Andreach, Drawing upon the Past: Classical Theatre in the Contemporary American Theatre, page 36:

[…] the Hero Twins go on to defeat Xibalba and its ghastly denizens, a true Harrowing of Hell.

2007, Sophie & Michael Coe, The True History of Chocolate, page 39:

(mythology, theology) A raid into the underworld by a heroic figure.


primordium

It is thus vain to hope that the history of the primordia can be reduced to the progress of archeological investigation.

1997 [1991], Alexandre Grandazzi, translated by Jane Marie Todd, The Foundation of Rome: Myth and History, →ISBN, page 33:

Attempts have been made by historians of religion to distinguish between mythic orientations in time concerned with the repetition of a primordium and those concerned with the anticipation of an eschaton.

2003, David Chidester, Salvation and Suicide: Jim Jones, the Peoples Temple, and Jonestown, 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 106:

[Joseph Smith] did not think of himself as going back to a primordium of true Christianity, as the Puritans did. In his view, there never was a golden age when religion flourished to perfection.

2008, Richard L. Bushman, Mormonism: A Very Short Introduction, →ISBN, page 5:

(history, theology) A primordial, original condition or event.


coextensive

Coextensive expressions with different intensions cannot in general be substituted for one another within an expression e while preserving the extension of e (assuming that the extension of a declarative sentence is its truth value).

1995, Jaegwon Kim, Ernest Sosa, A Companion to Metaphysics:

(logic) Having the same extension—the object or set of objects to which a term refers.


documentarian

From documentary + -an.
From document + -arian.

(sometimes attributive, theology) Somebody who advocates the documentary hypothesis.


quantification

quantification (countable and uncountable, plural quantifications)

Coined by Scottish philosopher Sir William Hamilton: "quantification of the predicate".

(logic) A limitation that is imposed on the variables of a proposition.


netherworld

From nether- (“beneath, lower”) + world.

The missionary was motivated by a sincere desire to rescue souls from eternal torment in the netherworld.

Specifically, a location of punishment in the afterlife; a hell.


vacuously

en-adv

vacuously (comparative more vacuously, superlative most vacuously)

more vacuously (comparative)
most vacuously (superlative)

The statement is vacuously true because P is false and P implies Q.

(logic) Because of being a vacuous truth.


soundness

en-noun

soundness (countable and uncountable, plural soundnesses)

From Middle English soundenes, soundnes, from Old English *sundnes, *ġesundnes (attested in onsundnes), from Proto-West Germanic *sundnassī (“soundness, health”); equivalent to sound + -ness. Cognate with West Frisian sûnens (“soundness, health”), Middle Low German suntnisse (“soundness, health”), Middle High German suntnisse (“soundness, health”), German Gesundnis (“health”).

cog

(logic) The property (of an argument) of not only being valid, but also of having true premises.

(logic) The property of a logical theory that whenever a wff is a theorem then it must also be valid. Symbolically, letting T represent a theory within logic L, this can be represented as the property that whenever T⊢φ is true, then T⊨φ must also be true, for any wff φ of logic L.


favoring

Unlike in Smith's case, however, here the relevant intuition does not concern a particular example, but moral favorings in general. Intuitively, it is said, what we morally ought to do simply does not depend on what we want to do.

2018, Stefan Fischer, The Origin of Oughtness: A Case for Metaethical Conativism, page 69:

(philosophy) The act or state by which one favors something; preference.


NOC

en-noun

NOC (countable and uncountable, plural NOCs)


perdure

en-verb

perdure (third-person singular simple present perdures, present participle perduring, simple past and past participle perdured)

perdures (present singular third-person)
perduring (participle present)
perdured (participle past)
perdured (past)

(intransitive, philosophy) To exist in such a way as to possess distinct temporal parts (in perdurantism).


infantophilia

The primary sexual attraction of adults to very young children (defined by various studies as 0–4 years old).


pneumatics

(theology, obsolete) The study or knowledge of spiritual beings and their relations to God, angels, and human beings.


paradigmatic

en-adj

paradigmatic (comparative more paradigmatic, superlative most paradigmatic)

more paradigmatic (comparative)
most paradigmatic (superlative)

From French paradigmatique, from Ancient Greek πᾰρᾰδειγμᾰτῐκός (paradeigmatikós).

der

πᾰρᾰδειγμᾰτῐκός

(philosophy) Related as members of a substitution class.


eclecticism

en-noun

eclecticism (countable and uncountable, plural eclecticisms)

(philosophy) An approach to thought that draws upon multiple theories to gain complementary insights into phenomena

eklekticismus

philosophy: approach that draws on multiple theories


rational egoism

This emotional feat does not seem to me possible and therefore I must admit that a man who embraces the principle of Rational Egoism cuts himself off from the special pleasure that attends this absolute sacrifice and suppression of self.

1886, J. Martineau, Types of Ethical Theory, Vol. 2, 2nd rev. Ed., Macmillan and Co., New York, p 343

A few like the Stoics could conceive of a general or collective utility more like the Epicureans could develop a rational egoism and at least make some effort to practice it but to the majority educated under the older religions the failure of those religions meant the substitution of an irrational egoism.

1893, Arthur T. Hadley, The Yale Review, Vol 1. May 1892 – Feb. 1893, Ginn & Co., New York, p 363

(philosophy) The doctrine that it is rational to act in one's own self-interest.


psychical

From Ancient Greek ψυχικός (psukhikós) + -al. By surface analysis, psyche + -ical.

(theology) Pertaining to the animal nature of man, as opposed to the spirit.


fundie

He's a Jewish fundie, keeps everything really kosher.

(by extension, derogatory, slang) A religious fundamentalist of any faith.


leman

From Middle English lemman, variant of leofman, from Old English *lēofmann ("lover; sweetheart"; attested as a personal name), equivalent to lief + man ("beloved person"). In the past, incorrectly asserted to derive from French l’aimant (“the [male] lover”).

gloss

Faire Venus seemde vnto his bed to bring
Her, whom he waking euermore did weene,
To be the chastest flowre, that ay did spring
On earthly braunch, the daughter of a king,
Now a loose Leman to vile seruice bound[…].

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto I”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

The prisoner I speak of is better booty—a jolly monk riding to visit his leman, an I may judge by his horse-gear and wearing apparel.

1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, chapter II, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume III, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 61:

(archaic) One beloved; a lover, a sweetheart of either sex (especially a secret lover; a gallant or mistress).

'...They are lost, I tell thee, they are lost. For them there is no heaven nor hell, and in neither shall they praise God’s name.’
‘Father,’ cried the young Fisherman, ‘thou knowest not what thou sayest. Once in my net I snared the daughter of a King. She is fairer than the morning star, and whiter than the moon. For her body I would give my soul, and for her love I would surrender heaven. Tell me what I ask of thee, and let me go in peace.’
‘Away! Away!’ cried the Priest: ‘thy leman is lost, and thou shalt be lost with her.’
And he gave him no blessing, but drove him from his door.

1915, Oscar Wilde, A House of Pomegranates: The Fisherman and his Soul:

And he sent the news to William the Lyon, sitting drinking the wine and fondling his bonny lemans in Edinburgh Town, and William made him the Knight of Kinraddie[…].

1932, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Sunset Song:


ontological shock

en-noun

ontological shock (countable and uncountable, plural ontological shocks)

(philosophy) The state of being forced to question one's worldview.


Empedocles

From Ancient Greek Ἐμπεδοκλῆς (Empedoklês).

A Greek philosopher who held that all matter was composed of earth, air, fire and water.


Last Judgment

Kill not the moth nor butterfly, / For the last judgement draweth nigh.

c. 1801–3, William Blake, “Auguries of Innocence”, in The Pickering Manuscript:

Do not wait for the Last Judgment. It takes place every day.

1956, Albert Camus, La Chute [The Fall]:


endgame

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-endgame.wav

TJLC’ers’ strong belief in Johnlock as endgame was intrinsically linked with their trust in the show’s creators, which enabled them to interpret the repeated denial of the subtext in Sherlock as part of the game.

2017, Suzanne Frenk, "Telling The True Story: Queerbaiting, representation, and fan resistance in the BBC Sherlock fandom", thesis submitted to Tilburg University, page 50

I think the fans and I were pretty aligned with who we wanted as endgame couples.

2020, Marlene King, quoted in Sara K. Day & Summer Melody Pennell, "#PLLQueerTheory: Fans’ reactions to queer representation in Pretty Little Liars", The Journal of Fandom Studies, Volume 8, Number 2, June 2020

One user, for example, posted, “Bughead haters can suck it. They’re endgame.”

2021, Emily Burkhardt, Verity Trott, Whitney Monaghan, “'#Bughead Is Endgame': Civic Meaning-Making inRiverdale Anti-Fandom andShipping Practices on Tumblr”, in Television & New Media:

(fandom slang, of a ship) Having become canon by the end of the plot of a work of fiction or speculated to be intended to become such.


the other place

According to Christianity, when someone dies, they go to either Heaven or the other place.


reverse discrimination

In one instance, Title VII authorizes reverse discrimination. The act gives employers ranging from Minnesota wild-rice farmers to New Mexico electronics manufacturers the option of hiring only American Indians.

1965 July 9, “Statutes: Sex & VII”, in Time:

Alan Bakke at the University of California At Davis Medical School, Karen Hopwood at the law school of the University of Texas, and Jennifer Gratz at the University of Michigan all have argued successfully in court that they were the victims of reverse discrimination because blacks were given preferential treatment in the admissions process at these schools.

2002, “Why Affirmative Action Does Little Harm to White Students”, in The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, number 36, page 21:

(law, ethics, public policy) The policy or practice of discriminating against members of a designated group which has in the past unfairly received preferential treatment in social, legal, educational, or employment situations, with the intention of benefiting one or more other groups (such as racial, disabled, or gender groups) that have previously been discriminated against.

逆向歧視

advantaging minority groups who have traditionally been discriminated


philosopheme

Borrowed from the Ancient Greek φιλοσόφημα (philosóphēma, “syllogism”) via Latin philosophema (“syllogism”). The Greek was formed from φιλοσοφέω (philosophéō, “to philosophize or pursue knowledge”) and the nominalizing suffix -μα (-ma).

uder

This, the most venerable, and perhaps the most ancient, of Grecian mythi, is a philosopheme.

1825, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Prometheus of Aeschylus:

Heidegger makes of distortions of bits of ordinary German — particularly nominalisations of prepositions — and his extensive use of a large number of the obscurer philosophemes (big words) of the tradition.

1991, Kevin Mulligan, “How Not to Read: Derrida on Husserl”, in Topoi, volume 10, number 2, →DOI:

..in those works by Schelling, the didactic tone passes into one of rebuke: readers are frequently taken to task in advance for their inability to understand. Incomprehensible to the reader of his own philosophemes which arise from want of cleverness in his own thinking.

1994, Dan Potter, “Real Philosophy minus Pretense: Searle on Schelling”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), volume 1, →DOI:

(philosophy) A philosophical statement, theorem or axiom.

philosophème

a philosophical statement, theorem or axiom


capitalist realism

Possibly coined in 1963 when it was used as the title of an art exhibition/performance in Düsseldorf, alluding to socialist realism. The term was later reused in a political philosophy context by cultural theorist Mark Fisher.

It captures the psychic transformation this generation has gone through: smashing through the glass at Millbank, struggling through the hard lines of the kettle, and finally piercing capitalist realism's façade: an aperture through which now flows […]

2011, Dan Hancox, Summer of Unrest: Kettled Youth: The Battle Against the Neoliberal Endgame, Random House, →ISBN:

With regard to The Wire, this definition has largely revolved around the capitalist realism of society, or the reality that money rules and determines everything.

2013, David Bzdak, Joanna Crosby, Seth Vannatta, The Wire and Philosophy: This America, Man, Open Court, →ISBN, page 167:

In the face of the 'grand narrative' of capitalist realism, the film counters with a demystifying alternative story, erecting a protective shield to insulate the informed viewer from the shock effect of the neo-liberal narrative.

2013, Bruce Bennett, The Cinema of Michael Winterbottom: Borders, Intimacy, Terror, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 164:

With each new stage in postmodernity, from its post-Keynesian beginning to the “end of history” period, and even today in capitalist realism, the film has received new treatment, marking the historical moment in some way. It is postmodern simulation and simulacra of itself.

2017 July 19, Matthew Flisfeder, “Future Imperfect; or, "It's Easier to Imagine the End of the World..."”, in Red Wedge Magazine:

(politics, philosophy) An ideological framework for viewing capitalism and its effects on politics, economics, and public thought.


postulation

en-noun

postulation (countable and uncountable, plural postulations)

(logic) Something self-evident that can be assumed as the basis of an argument.


potentiality

potentiality (countable and uncountable, plural potentialities)

(philosophy) A possibility or capacity to be something, as opposed to an actuality describing what something actually is at present.


populism

populism (countable and uncountable, plural populisms)

(philosophy) A political doctrine or philosophy that proposes that the rights and powers of ordinary people are exploited by a privileged elite, and supports their struggle to overcome this.


Boolean variable

Boolean variable (plural Boolean variables)

(mathematics, logic, computing) Any variable, from the domain of Boolean algebra, having one of only two values

totuusarvomuuttuja

variable from the domain of Boolean algebra


Boolean function

Boolean function (plural Boolean functions)

(algebra, logic, computing) Any function based on the operations AND, OR and NOT, and whose elements are from the domain of Boolean algebra

fonction booléenne

function based on AND, OR and NOT operations


second-order

(mathematics, logic) Denoting the second in a numerical sequence of models, languages, relationships, forms of logical discourse etc.


Boolean logic

Boolean logic (usually uncountable, plural Boolean logics)

Boolean logic can be shown to be "embedded" in integer arithmetic (modulo 2) by assigning polynomials to logical connectives, like so: operatorname NOT(x)=1-x,  operatorname AND(x,y)=xy,  operatorname OR(x,y)=x+y-xy.

(computing, logic, mathematics) A system of symbolic logic that is the basis of Boolean algebra


Boolean algebra

Boolean algebra (plural Boolean algebras)

Named after George Boole (1815–1864), an English mathematician, educator, philosopher and logician.

(algebra, logic, computing) Specifically, an algebra in which all elements can take only one of two values (typically 0 and 1, or "true" and "false") and are subject to operations based on AND, OR and NOT


first-order

(mathematics, logic) Of one of a series of models, languages, relationship, forms of logical discourse, etc., being the simplest one or the first in a sequence.


wiretapper

A person who installs or monitors wiretaps.


wiretap

Back-formation from wiretapper; or else wire + tap

A connection installed on a telephone line or other communications system in order to allow a third party to conduct covert surveillance of conversations.

ფარული მოსმენის ელექტრონული მოწყობილობა

paruli mosmenis elekṭronuli moc̣q̇obiloba


love feast

From love + feast, partial calque of Latin agape and Koine Greek ἀγάπη (agápē).

(Christianity, historical) A symbolic communal meal held by early Christians in commemoration of the eucharist.


two-sided

(logic, of a modality) That is necessarily or absolutely different than the respective coordinate alethic or temporal modality as well as its opposite.


bioethics

This graded appreciation of the developing moral status of human life, especially during its prenatal stages, is deeply relevant to some of the most important bioethics debates of our day.

1999, Ronald M. Green, “Jewish Teaching on the Sanctity and Quality of Life”, in Edmund D. Pellegrino, Alan I. Faden, editors, Jewish and Catholic Bioethics: An Ecumenical Dialogue, page 33:

2006, Florencia Luna, Arleen L. F. Salles, One: Latin American Bioethics: Some Reflections, Florencia Luna (editor), Bioethics and Vulnerability: A Latin American View, page 9,
Bioethics has been defined as the critical and systematic reflection on ethical issues in healthcare, biological and medical research, and public health. […] In the United States, the emergence of modern bioethics has been characterized by a shift away from the religious and medical considerations that initially dominated the discourse to more philosophical and legal concepts.

Despite the enormous breadth of bioethics, which ranges from interpersonal conflicts in medical practice, to ethical issues in animal and human subjects research, to policy formation in health care and the sciences, the bioethics field may be united by two common characteristics.
First, bioethics is by nature a highly interdisciplinary activity.[…]Secondly, biothics tends to be practiced today along the main modalities of the ethics of modernity.

2013, Insoo Hyun, “x2”, in Bioethics and the Future of Stem Cell Research, page 14:

(ethics) The branch of ethics that studies the implications of biological and biomedical advances.


logical fallacy

logical fallacy (plural logical fallacies)

A valid syllogism contains three terms; with four it commits the logical fallacy known as quaternio terminorum.


counterintelligence

counterintelligence (usually uncountable, plural counterintelligences)


Rousseau

en-proper noun

Rousseau (countable and uncountable, plural Rousseaus)

From French Rousseau. Originally a French nickname for someone with red hair, from roux (“redhead”). Doublet of Russell. Compare russel.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778), Swiss philosopher.


counterespionage

All those activities undertaken to neutralize or exploit the espionage activities of another nation or an enemy.


humanist

A person who believes in the philosophy of humanism.


humanist

(relating to humanism):


supervene

en-verb

supervene (third-person singular simple present supervenes, present participle supervening, simple past and past participle supervened)

supervenes (present singular third-person)
supervening (participle present)
supervened (participle past)
supervened (past)

From Latin supervenīre, present active infinitive of superveniō (“come over or upon, overtake”), from super (“above”) + veniō (“come”).

For instance, an idiosyncratic necessitist might claim that even if a river were not spatiotemporally located, it would still be ugly or beautiful in ways that do not supervene on anything else.

2018, Juhani Yli-Vakkuri, Mark McCullagh, editors, Williamson on Modality, Routledge, →ISBN, page 123:

(philosophy, followed by on) To be dependent on something else for existence, truth, or instantiation.


Hume

A number of places in the United States:

An unincorporated community in Fresno County, California. Former name: Humes.

A village in Shiloh Township and Young America Township, Edgar County, Illinois.

Whiteside County
Whiteside County#English

A township in Whiteside County, Illinois.

An unincorporated community in Fauquier County, Virginia.


equipollent

From French équipollent, from Latin aequipollēns.

(logic, of each of two statements) able to be deduced from the other


equipollence

en-noun

equipollence (countable and uncountable, plural equipollences)

(logic) Sameness of signification of two or more propositions which differ in language.

equipol·lència

sameness of signification of two or more propositions


prosocial

en-adj

prosocial (comparative more prosocial, superlative most prosocial)

more prosocial (comparative)
most prosocial (superlative)

Beneficial to all parties and consistent with community laws and mores.


Confucius

Borrowed from Latin Confucius, from Mandarin 孔夫子 (Kǒng Fūzǐ, “Master Kong”).

Theſe Books mention only three Sects to have been in vogue in the World ; for of other Sects there is not the leaſt mention made. The firſt is the Sect of the Learned : The ſecond is called Sciequia : And the third Lancu. The firſt of theſe three is followed by all the Chineſes, and the adjacent People, which uſe the Chineſe Characters, as the Iſlanders of Japan, Corea, and Couchinchina : this Sect, which is that of the Learned, is taught to, and followed by none, but only thoſe and the Chineſes themſelves, and is the Antienteſt of all the Sects that were ever heard of in China : Out of this, about which a very great number of Books are writ, generally are choſen perſons fit for the Government of the Empire ; and therefore it is honoured and eſteemed above all others. The Doctrine of this Sect is not taught all at once, but they ſuck it in by degrees when they learn to Read or Write. The firſt Founder of this Sect was Confutius, the Prince of Chineſe Philoſophers, who is to this day honoured by all the Learned, with the Title of the The moſt Wiſe.

1669 [1665], John Nievhoff, “Of ſeveral SECTS in CHINA : Concerning PHILOSOPHY, and IDOL WORSHIP.”, in John Ogilby, transl., An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, translation of original in Dutch, →OCLC, page 216:

The thirty eighth Year of the Cycle Confucius was preferr’d for his great Merit to be Prime Miniſter of the Kingdom of Lû, his native Country. Thro’ his wiſe Counſel the Face of Affairs was ſoon chang'd throughout the Land ; he reform’d the Abuſes that had crept into it, and reſtor’d Honeſty in dealing ; he taught young Men to reſpect the old, and honour their Parents, even after their Deceaſe ; he inſpir’d the fair Sex with Mildneſs and Chaſtity ; and caus’d Sincerity, Uprightneſs, and all other civil Virtues to prevail among the People.

1738, “Annals of the Chinese Monarchs”, in A Description of the Empire of China and Chinese-Tartary, Together with the Kingdoms of Korea, and Tibet, volume I, London, translation of original by J. B. du Halde, →OCLC, page 167:

Applicants to higher schools had to pass entrance examinations reminiscent of those administered before 1966. This change, which came under attack in the fall of 1973 during the campaign to criticize Lin Piao and Confucius, pleased middle school teachers in No. 6 Middle School in Tan-tung, Liaoning.

1977, Thomas P. Bernstein, “Mobilizing Urban Youth to Go to the Countryside”, in Up to the Mountains and Down to the Villages: The Transfer of Youth from Urban to Rural China, Yale University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 98:

This is no longer a clue. It's a game. You may have just gotten checkmate, but we're playing Chinese checkers, and as my old friend Confucius say; the hunter has become the hunter-ed. The chaser has become the chosed. Dame Fortuna has had her franking privileges revoked. It seems the portrait has painted the artist, sketching the reverser, who has become the reverse-ed. But this time the suffixed will become the sufferer, and it appears the baby killer is about to kill a baby.

2007, Xavier: Renegade Angel, season 1, episode 4, spoken by Xavier (Vernon Chatman):

An influential Chinese philosopher who lived 551 B.C.E. – 479 B.C.E.; personal name Kong Qiu (孔丘).


vore

Me, I like vore and unbirth. But then, I'm strange […]

2005, Lord Flame Stryke, “Re: Curious”, in alt.fan.dragons (Usenet):

Many of his videos include the classic vore image of a woman's legs in stockings and high heels sticking out of the mouth of one of his monsters[…]

2009, Zack Parsons, Your Next-Door Neighbor Is A Dragon, page 211:

(informal, slang) The genre of creative work appreciated by vorarephiles, or any creative works that fall under this category.


Platonism

From Ancient Greek Πλάτων (Plátōn, “Plato”) + -ism.


individualism

en-noun

individualism (countable and uncountable, plural individualisms)

collectivism

antonym(s) of “acting without reference to others”

Borrowed from French individualisme. By surface analysis, individual + -ism.

(logic) The doctrine that only individual things are real.

(philosophy) The doctrine that nothing exists but the individual self.


regeneration

regeneration (countable and uncountable, plural regenerations)

From re- + generation or regenerate + -ion, from Latin regenerātiō.

(theology) Spiritual rebirth; the change from a carnal or material life to a pious one


sanctification

sanctification (countable and uncountable, plural sanctifications)

From Old French sanctificacion, from ecclesiastical Latin sanctificātionem, from sanctificāre (“to sanctify”).

(theology) The (usually gradual or uncompleted) process by which a Christian believer is made holy through the action of the Holy Spirit.


predication

predication (countable and uncountable, plural predications)

From Middle English predicacion, from Anglo-Norman predicaciun, from Latin praedicātiō, from praedicō.

(logic) The act of making something the subject or predicate of a proposition.

Prädikation

The action of making a term or expression the predicate of a statement


Confucianism

Confucianism (countable and uncountable, plural Confucianisms)

A third important part of Confucianism is the concept of chun tzu or "ideal gentlemanly behavior." Confucius believed that the ideal man "is kind and upholds moral principles. He is a man who loves learning, who is calm and perfectly at ease and constantly careful of his own conduct, believing that by example he has great influence over society."

1981 September 27, “Humanism is still alive and well”, in Free China Weekly, volume XXII, number 38, Taipei, page 2:

The philosophy and teaching of Confucius, which emphasizes self-cultivation, collective harmony, righteousness and the family structure.

The Chinese New Year holiday period, being disrupted this year by the outbreak of a viral illness, has evolved over more than 3,000 years to become the most important of China’s traditional festivals.
As celebrated in China and in many other places where its known as the Lunar New Year, it is largely a secular holiday, yet it includes rituals and traditions that derive from Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, as well as from ancient myths and folk religions.

2020 January 23, David Crary, “Chinese New Year secular now but kept religious underpinning”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-06-15:

The school of thought and philosophy centered on Confucian principles, originating in China, including later teachings of scholars such as Zhu Xi (Chu Hsi).

A saying, epithet or idea attributed to Confucius.


episteme

episteme (plural epistemes or epistemai)

From Ancient Greek ἐπιστήμη (epistḗmē, “knowledge”).

bor

(philosophy) Scientific knowledge; a principled system of understanding; sometimes contrasted with empiricism.

épistémè

philosophy (general): scientific knowledge


ethnophilia

1994, Yuri Slezkine, "The USSR as a Communal Apartment, or How a Socialist State Promoted Ethnic Particularism," Slavic Review, Vol. 53, No. 2., 414-415 http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0037-6779%28199422%2953%3A2%3C414%3ATUAACA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-V
"Non-Russian nationalism of all kinds appeared so natural and the Russian version of marxist universalism appeared so natural or so universalist, that most of these scholars failed to notice the chronic ethnophilia of the Soviet regime…"

2000, Alberto Spektorowski, "The French New Right: Differentialism and the Idea of Ethnophilian Exclusionism," Polity, Vol. 33, No. 2., 293 http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0032-3497%28200024%2933%3A2%3C283%3ATFNRDA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q
"This shift from National-Socialism and "racist ethnophobia" to cultural ethnophilia does not transform the New Right into a non-racist movement."

Unnatural obsession with ethnicity or race.


Nipponophile

[…] Strauss had become something of a Nipponophile and had returned to Japan for a sabbatical in 1958.

1997, Errol C. Friedberg, Correcting the Blueprint of Life: An Historical Account of the Discovery of DNA Repair Mechanisms, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, →ISBN, page 114:

CALL ME A NIPPONOPHILE—a secret admirer of Japan, a worshiper from afar.

2003, William Illsey Atkinson, Nanocosm: Nanotechnology and the Big Changes Coming from the Inconceivably Small, Amacom, →ISBN, page 213:

The place was actually set up by a Nipponophile Englishman, but the kitchen staff are all Japanese and its Far Eastern credentials bear scrutiny.

2003 October, Charles Campion, The Rough Guide to London Restaurants: 2004, 6th edition, Penguin Putnam, →ISBN, page 29:

One who loves Japan or Japanese culture.


argumentum ad verecundiam

en-noun

argumentum ad verecundiam (plural argumenta ad verecundiam)

(rhetoric) An argument from authority, or an appeal to authority.


mwah-mwah

en-verb

mwah-mwah (third-person singular simple present mwah-mwahs, present participle mwah-mwahing, simple past and past participle mwah-mwahed)

mwah-mwahs (present singular third-person)
mwah-mwahing (participle present)
mwah-mwahed (participle past)
mwah-mwahed (past)

(colloquial) To kiss in an exaggerated fashion, especially without making contact.


monovalence

The mystical shell of Hegelian dialectics is ontological monovalence, manifest inter alia in the absence of the concept of determinate absence.

1998, Margaret Archer, Andrew Collier, Critical Realism: Essential Readings, page xxii:

Yet, if the critique of Dialectic is to be followed then these positive aspects of Hegel are swallowed up by his monovalence.

2003, Justin Cruickshank, Critical Realism: the difference it makes, page 34:

The Movement's profound embrace of “Common Sense” philosophy, with its conviction of the monovalence of truth, led to the assumption that all properly thinking people think alike.

2005, Douglas A. Foster, The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), page 627:

(philosophy) The view, dating from Parmenides, that whatever exists must always have existed and cannot ever change or cease to exist.


attender

From Middle English attender, attendere, equivalent to attend + -er.

the whole process of ages’-long mentalization, of which our present ability of conceiving “Mind” forms only the culmination, and by no means the constant attender.

1873, Sara S. Hennell, Present Religion: As a Faith Owning Fellowship with Thought, Trübner and Co., page 159:

Activity of attention for the sake of knowledge changes only the mind of the attender and is resisted only by the habits, biases, laziness and the like

1954, Wilmon Henry Sheldon, God and Polarity: A Synthesis of Philosophies, Yale University Press, page 48:

The other aspect pertains to the subject’s own subjectivity, those qualities that constitute the subject as the experiencer or attender.

1996 July, Daniel A. Helminiak, The Human Core of Spirituality: Mind as Psyche and Spirit, State University of New York Press, page 53:

(metaphysics) The subject; one who experiences.


prenex

Borrowed from Late Latin praenexus (“bound up in front”), from Latin prae- (“before”) and nexus, past participle of nectō (“to bind”).

bor+

We say that ϕ is universal iff it can be written in prenex form — i.e. with all quantifiers at the beginning — using only universal quantifiers.

1999, Neil Immerman, Descriptive Complexity, New York: Springer-Verlag, page 12

(mathematics, logic) Of a formula, having all of its quantifiers at the beginning.


prenex

∀x.∃y. is the prenex of the formula ∀x.∃y.P(x,y)

(mathematics, logic) The initial part of a prenex formula where all of the formula's bound variables are bound by logical quantifiers.


cessationism

(theology) The concept, amongst most Christians, that the works of the Holy Spirit (speaking in tongues, prophecy, healing, and miracles) ceased at some point in history.


haecceity

en-noun

haecceity (countable and uncountable, plural haecceities)

From Medieval Latin haecceitas (“thisness”) coined by Duns Scotus (from haec (“this, these”)) + -ity.

He [Ignatius of Loyola] ſaith not this of ſome one Church, but of all; nor yet as of an accident proper to thoſe times of the Churches minority; but as of the Notes of every Churches Individuation or Hæcceity as they ſpeak. The Unity of the Church is characteriſed by One Altar, and One Biſhop with the Presbytery and Deacons.

1681, Richard Baxter, Church-history of the Government of Bishops and their Councils Abbreviated. Including the Chief Part of the Government of Christian Princes and Popes, and a True Account of the most Troubling Controversies and Heresies till the Reformation […] , London: Printed for Thomas Simmons at the Princes Arms in Ludgate-Street, →OCLC, page 21:

HÆCCEITY [with Chymiſis] the ſame ſpecifick Eſſence or active Principle, by which a Medicine operates.

[1731, N[athan] Bailey, “HÆCCEITY”, in An Universal Etymological English Dictionary: Comprehending the Derivations of the Generality of Words in the English Tongue, Either Ancient or Modern […] , 5th edition, London: Printed for J. and J. Knapton [et al.], →OCLC:

But then, precisely the same distinction is applicable to the Hæcceity itself. For it, too, has its notes of similarity with other Hæcceities, as well as its distinctive notes which add something conceptually distinct from the common Hæcceity.

1879, Thomas [Norton] Harper, The Metaphysics of the School, London: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 221:

The haecceitist's claim that there exist unexemplified haecceities of disjoint objects is an extremely controversial one. Indeed, many of those who accept an ontology which includes properties vehemently deny the existence of even exemplified haecceities.

1986, Gary Rosenkrantz, “On Objects Totally Out of this World”, in Rudolf Haller, editor, Non-existence and Predication (Grazer philosophische Studien; 25/26), Amsterdam: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 205:

What is there in the nature of individual substance which accounts for its unity and activity? As has been argued, [Gottfried Wilhelm] Leibniz did not regard haecceity as able to play this role, but frequently mentioned substantial form as a principle both of unity and activity. This makes it impossible to identify substantial form with haecceity. The strongest remaining possibility seems to be a composition of substantial form and haecceity within the nature of substance.

1993, Studia Leibnitiana, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, →OCLC, page 51:

Since haec is the Latin term for "this," Scotus and his disciples came to refer to this positive additive that individuates an individual's nature or distinctive qualities as that individual's unique or proper "haecceity" (haecceitas). Haecceity or "thisness" has a twofold function: (1) it makes each individual unique and incapable of duplication, even by an omnipotent God; and (2) it differentiates it radically and ultimately from each and every other individual, whether it be of the same or a specially different type.

2005, John Duns Scotus, edited by Allan B. Wolter, Early Oxford Lecture on Individuation, St. Bonaventure, N.Y.: Franciscan Institute, →ISBN, page xii:

The late-twentieth-century philosopher Roderick Chisholm, in his Person and Object, suggested such a view: that each of us has an inner self-nature, a "haecceity," which is available to introspective experience. This suggestion (which Chisholm later appeared to drop) had the appeal of having it both ways, preserving individuality (everyone's haecceity is different from everyone else's) while insisting on changelessness.

2007, Joel Kupperman, Classic Asian Philosophy: A Guide to the Essential Texts, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 11:

Being asked to present our work in terms of 'technology' seems to somehow imply it as haecceity – as a graspable essence or entity, a 'this-ness'.

2008, Mark Goulthorpe, The Possibility of (an) Architecture …: Collected Essays, Abingdon, Oxon., New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 75:

[Gilles] Deleuze and [Félix] Guattari often refer to the Individuals composed from elements as haecceities. Haecceities can be characterized by linguistic phrases involving one or more of the following: an indefinite article, a proper name, or an infinitive verb, for example, "the heat of the day" ("What heat!") as opposed to an exact temperature; "a long day" ("What a long day!") as opposed to the day as a set number of hours; […] Depending on the relations of speed and slowness between the unformed elements that make them up, these haecceities have specific "affects," that is, capacities to affect or be affected by other haecceities.

2009, Fred Evans, The Multivoiced Body: Society and Communication in the Age of Diversity, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 39:

Following Charles Peirce, I argued that it is the particular haecceity (the thisness), the come-up-againstness, presented by the natural world provides human beings with a particular physical environment within which actions can be fitted to circumstances in certain ways in order to attempt to bring about certain desired results. Therein lies the most fundamental basis for will, choice, and rationality.

2011, James F[ranklin] Harris, The Ascent of Man: A Philosophy of Human Nature, New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, →ISBN, page 93:

This is because [Gilles] Deleuze uses the concept of haecceity in order to advise us to think about a mode of individuation that is "very different" from what we generally consider a form or a subject. A haecceity does not cut out a class of beings, but captures becomings in action.

2013, Anne Sauvagnargues, translated by Samantha Bankston, Deleuze and Art, London, New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury Academic, →ISBN, page 43:

(philosophy) The essence of a particular thing that gives it its unique particularity; those qualities that make an individual this specific individual and not some other.


love affair

He was involved in a love affair with a married woman.

An affair; a usually adulterous relationship between people who are not married to each other.

I've always had a love affair with stamps.

And if his love affair with Old Trafford was strained by the saga of his demand to leave earlier this season, the bond was rekindled as United claimed a vital victory.

2011 February 12, Phil McNulty, “Man Utd 2 - 1 Man City”, in BBC:

Also in 1955 came the paralysing two-week ASLEF pay strike, which did even more to end the love affair between the railways and its regular customers.

2023 March 8, Howard Johnston, “Was Marples the real railway wrecker?”, in RAIL, number 978, page 53:

A feeling of enthusiasm or strong liking for something; a fondness.


divine right

(Christianity, political science, philosophy) The Christian doctrine that monarchs have a God-given right to rule, that they are answerable only to God, and that rebellion is sinful.


cupboard love

1788, Anna Seward, Letter to Mrs Knowles April 20, 1788 read in Archibald Constable (editor), Letters of Anna Seward: Written Between the Years 1784 and 1807, Archibald Constable & Co, and Longman, etc. (1811) p. 103,
This last and long-enduring passion for Mrs Thrale was, however, composed equally perhaps of cupboard-love, Platonic love, and vanity tickled and gratified from morn to night by incessant homage.

Besides, Sandy includes a little cupboard love in the detail of his sentiments. Nothing can be a more undeniable proof of the truth of this statement than the trials of Mrs. K—— and Mrs. D——. In both instances the lovers were nice, attentive fatherly men.

1818, Thomas Brown, Bath, a satirical novel, page 114:

I stump down my field, not the lane past Mike's, and the ewes think it's feeding time. I let them bombard me, grateful for the noisy bleating of their cupboard love.

2006, Hilary Lloyd, A Necessary Killing, UKA Press, →ISBN, page 30:

You don't owe them anything Stephen, its just cupboard love...suddenly they need you...you said it yourself, they never contacted you before.

2006, Neil A. Harris, The Council of Elders: The Halfling Chronicles Book 1, AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 191:

Insincere (and usually fickle) love pretended in the hope of gaining something useful in exchange.

grá don ailp

insincere love pretended in the hope of gaining something useful in exchange


informal logic

informal logic (countable and uncountable, plural informal logics)

That branch of logic whose task is to develop non-formal standards, criteria, procedures for the analysis, interpretation, evaluation, criticism and construction of argumentation in everyday discourse.


trinitarianism

trinitarianism (countable and uncountable, plural trinitarianisms)

(theology) The monotheistic Christian doctrine that defines God as three divine persons or hypostases: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit.

kolminaisuusoppi

doctrine of three persons or hypostases in one Godhead


predicament

From Middle English predicament, from Old French predicament and Medieval Latin prēdicāmentum, from Late Latin praedicāmentum (“that which is predicated, a predicament, category”).

der

(logic) That which is predicated; a category.


shipper

From a clipping of relationshipper. Relationshipper emerged in early online fandom of the television series The X-Files as a term for fans who supported the possibility of a Mulder/Scully romance. It was shortened to r'shipper, then 'shipper, and finally shipper. By surface analysis, ship (“to create a fictional romantic relationship”) + -er.

surf

For creative fans and committed 'shippers^([sic]), fanfiction continues the interaction — the dialogue, the conversation, the story […]

2013, Jennifer K. Stuller, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, page 42:

(fandom slang) A person who supports a romantic or sexual relationship between fictional characters or real people.


secret agent

A member of an intelligence agency whose identity or affiliation is kept confidential.


Kuhnian

The scientific advances spurred a Kuhnian revolution.

(philosophy) Of or pertaining to the philosophy of Thomas Kuhn, especially the theories in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.

kuhnovský

of or pertaining to the philosophy of Thomas Kuhn


abjunction

en-noun

abjunction (countable and uncountable, plural abjunctions)

/æbˈd͡ʒʌŋk.ʃən/

From ab- (“away”) + junction (“to join”).

material nonimplication
material nonimplication#English

(logic) Synonym of material nonimplication


slasher

With the success of the first film and the third one already in production, Warner Bros. is more likely to greet Harry Potter slashers with more takedown orders than tolerance.

2002 December 21, Christopher Noxon, “What to do about Harry Potter Porn?”, in The Vancouver Sun, page 96:

The same aspects that made buddy shows attractive to relationship-oriented fans also made them attractive to slashers; the fact that these shows were set in an era of tight jeans and unbuttoned shirts, and of the loosening of formerly strict standards of acceptable male behavior, only provided additional evidence for homoerotic interpretation.

2006, Francesca Coppa, “Writing Bodies in Space: Media Fan Fiction as Theatrical Performance”, in Kristina Busse, editor, Fan Fiction and Fan Communities in the Age of the Internet: New Essays, page 49:

In other words denied their own voice by a conservative misogynist culture, the original female slashers and vidders needed male characters as surrogates to express their own identity and desires.

2014, Kathryn Hill, “'Easy to Associate Angsty Lyrics with Buffy': An Introduction to a Participatory Fan Culture: Buffy the Vampire Slayer Vidders, Popular Music and the Internet”, in Mary Kirby-Diaz, editor, Buffy and Angel Conquer the Internet: Essays on Online Fandom, page 182:

(fandom slang) One who writes slash fiction and/or supports male/male ships.


prolation

prolation (countable and uncountable, plural prolations)

/pɹəʊˈleɪʃən/

From Latin prolationem, from the past participle stem of proferre (“bring forward, produce”).

(obsolete, theology) The production or emission of the logos or divine word.


love is blind

A person who is in love can see no faults or imperfections in the person whom they love.

あばたもえくぼ

(when in love) even pockmarks are dimples

любо́вь зла — полю́бишь и козла́ (ljubóvʹ zla — poljúbišʹ i kozlá) (love is evil, you'll fall even for a he-goat (i.e. bastard))


predicable

(logic) One of the five most general relations of attributes involved in logical arrangements, namely, genus, species, difference, property, and accident.


yuri

Borrowed from Japanese 百合(ゆり) (yuri, “lily”), by analogy to 薔薇(バラ) (bara, “rose”), indicating love. See Yuri (genre) § “Terminology and etymology” at Wikipedia.

(slang) A narrative or visual work featuring a romance or sexual relationship between two or more women.

Yuri (genre)
Yuri (genre)#Terminology and etymology

ガールズラブ (gāruzu rabu, literally “girls' love”)

가르즈라부 (gareujeurabu, literally “girls' love”)


stigmatization

stigmatization (countable and uncountable, plural stigmatizations)

the stigmatization of Saint Francis

(theology) The production of stigmata upon the body.


value system

A hierarchy of values that all moral beings have, reflected in their choices. Most people's value systems differ. It's an individualistic concept. One's value system is molded by one's virtues or vices, and experiences.

‘Why was that self-sacrifice?’ ‘Because they were mine!’ said Ford, crossly. ‘I think we have different value systems.’ ‘Well, mine's better.’

1992, Douglas Adams, chapter 18, in Mostly Harmless (The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy), page 166:

A person's standards and self-discipline set, based on the common sense and wisdom of knowing what the proper moral rules and discipline are, and the amount of willingness to see themselves and others abide by them.


ecclesiological

en-adj

ecclesiological (comparative more ecclesiological, superlative most ecclesiological)

more ecclesiological (comparative)
most ecclesiological (superlative)


ecclesiology

en-noun

ecclesiology (countable and uncountable, plural ecclesiologies)

The branch of theology concerned with the doctrines, role etc. of a church.


animal rights

Certain fundamental rights that animals are entitled to, such as the right to be spared undue suffering.


Hobbesian

en-adj

Hobbesian (comparative more Hobbesian, superlative most Hobbesian)

more Hobbesian (comparative)
most Hobbesian (superlative)

From Hobbes (a surname) + -ian; referring to the 17th century English author Thomas Hobbes, whose best-known work, Leviathan, describes the state of nature in terms of unrestrained, selfish, and uncivilized competition.

a Hobbesian theory of the state

(philosophy) Of, relating to, or influenced by Thomas Hobbes or his philosophical theories.

hobbesovský

relating to Thomas Hobbes or his philosophical theories


Hobbesian

Hobbesians purport to describe social order as it is: a constant, iron-fisted effort to crush enemies and to incapacitate criminals.

2019, François Bonnet, The Upper Limit: How Low-Wage Work Defines Punishment and Welfare, →ISBN, page 120:

(philosophy) A follower of the theories of Thomas Hobbes.


topophilia

From Ancient Greek τόπος (tópos, “place”) + -philia. Coined by British-American poet W. H. Auden in 1947, used by French phenomenologist Gaston Bachelard (1958), and made popular by Chinese-American geographer Yi-Fu Tuan in his essay and book Topophilia (1961 and 1974).

coin

What I feel towards my grandmother's house could be described as topophilia.

Topophilia might not be associated with your childhood home, however. For me, all synesthetic tendencies take me not to Seattle but to Barcelona, the city where I lived in my 20s, where I got married, and the only place I have returned to year after year (except for 2020, due to the pandemic).

2021 January 14, Arthur C. Brooks, “Find the Place You Love. Then Move There.”, in The Atlantic:

A strong sense of place, often combined with a sense of cultural identity.


categorical

/ˌkætəˈɡɔɹɪk(ə)l/

From Late Latin catēgoricus + -al. By surface analysis, category + -ical.

categorical proposition
categorical proposition


deductive

en-adj

deductive (comparative more deductive, superlative most deductive)

more deductive (comparative)
most deductive (superlative)

արտածական

of, pertaining to, or based on deduction

(logic) Based on inferences from general principles.


lifeworld

Calque of German Lebenswelt, coined by German philosopher Edmund Husserl.

(philosophy) The world "as lived" prior to reflective representation or analysis.


technoscience

Briefly put, strategies of globalization undertaken by the state, capital and technoscience all attempt to negotiate the production of locality in a non place- based way that induces increasingly delocalizing effects.

2002, Ginette Verstraete, Tim Cresswell, Mobilizing Place, Placing Mobility: The Politics of Representation in a Globalized World, Rodopi, page 20:

Technoscience, when well directed, can produce important means of improving the quality of human life, from useful domestic appliances to great transportation systems, bridges, buildings and public spaces.

2015, Pope Francis I, Laudato Si': Encyclical Letter on care for our common home:

(philosophy, social sciences) The study of the technological and social context of science.


recursion theory

(logic) A branch of mathematical logic studying computable functions and Turing degrees, concerned with questions such as "What does it mean for a function on the natural numbers to be computable?" and "Can noncomputable functions be classified into a hierarchy based on their level of noncomputability?".


burn in hell

en-verb

burn in hell (third-person singular simple present burns in hell, present participle burning in hell, simple past and past participle burned in hell or burnt in hell)

burns in hell (present singular third-person)
burning in hell (participle present)
burned in hell (participle past)
burned in hell (past)
burnt in hell (participle past)
burnt in hell (past)

Ted could die and burn in hell as far as I was concerned.

2011, Joyce Turner, Pain Through A Child's Eyes, →ISBN, page 136:

For some people, salvation is little more than fire insurance— they don't care about this life, they just don't want to burn in hell.

2011, Max Lucado, 3:16 Participant's Guide: The Numbers of Hope, →ISBN:

I was only about eight years old but the message was loud and clear, “If you die without knowing Jesus as your savior, you will burn in hell for eternity!”

2012, Bill Petite, A Rose in the Desert, →ISBN:

(literally) To spend the afterlife suffering in hell.


solifidian

From Latin sōlā fidē (“only by faith”) + -ian.

Believing, or relating to the belief, that faith alone (as opposed to good deeds) brings salvation.


symbolics

From French symbolique or Latin symbolicus, from Ancient Greek συμβολικός (sumbolikós, “of or belonging to a symbol”).

uder

(theology) The study of that branch of historic theology which treats of creeds and confessions of faith.


aseity

en-noun

aseity (countable and uncountable, plural aseities)

From Medieval Latin aseitas (“state of being by itself”), from Classical Latin a se + -itas.

der

He is Spiritual, for were He composed of physical parts, some other power would have to combine them into the total, and his aseity would thus be contradicted.

1902, William James, “Lecture XVIII: Philosophy”, in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […] , New York, N.Y.; London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 439:

(metaphysics, theology) Usually ascribed to deity: the attribute of being entirely self-derived, in contrast to being derived from or dependent on another; the quality of having within oneself the entire reason for one's being; utter independent self-existence and self-sustenance.


proof by exhaustion

en-noun

proof by exhaustion (plural proofs by exhaustion)

(logic) The indirect verification or falsification of a statement by the verification or falsification of each of the finite number of cases which arise therefrom.


argumentum ad Lazarum

argumentum ad Lazarum (plural argumenta ad Lazarum)

Latin Named after Lazarus, a beggar in the New Testament who receives his reward in the afterlife.

Indeed, the geographical fact that economic wealth and neoliberal globalization are very geographically concentrated, with just a few cities in advanced economies being the preferred locations for the world’s major stock exchanges, for the headquarters of banks and other producer service firms, cannot be wished away through either an argumentum ad lazarum (appeal to poverty) or appreciation for the diversity of urban cultures (eg, see Myers, 2011).

2013, Richard G. Smith, “The ordinary city trap”, in Environment and Planning A, volume 45, page 2290:

(rhetoric, rare) An appeal to poverty; the logical fallacy of thinking a conclusion is correct because the speaker is poor.


stakeout

The police had a stakeout in place where they expected the crime to occur.

The act of watching a location or people, generally covertly.


two wrongs make a right

(logic, ethics) A logical informal fallacy whereby a wrongful action is justified by the commission of another.


plushophilia

Plushophilia began for him when he was around seven years old, even though he didn't own any stuffed animals

2003, Edward Ksenych, Forbidden Desires: Deviance and Social Control, page 52:

Plushophilia is a modern concept and describes an obsession with stuffed animal toys. For some people, plushophilia also extends to a fascination with large, furry animal suits.

2013, Julie Peakman, The Pleasure's All Mine: A History of Perverse Sex, page 205:

These misconceptions have made their way into academic works with researchers associating Furries with plushophilia: […]

2021, Jessica Ruth Austin, Fan Identities in the Furry Fandom, page 28:

The sexual attraction towards, or paraphilia for large, soft furry toys, or plushies.


Existenz

Unadapted borrowing from German Existenz. Doublet of existence.

ubor

(philosophy) Existence; state of existing.


homomorphism

Coordinate term: homology

(biology) A similar appearance of two unrelated organisms or structures, as for example with fish and whales.


morphism

Briefly, the yellow morphic males can change their status from paired to satellite and from satellite to the paired one. However, they cannot cross into the status of the red morph.[…] The colour morphism of males is proved to be irreversible after its expression at an early stage of ontogeny.

2010, T.J. Pandian, Sexuality in Fishes, page 51:

(biology) Being or having distinct variants of a plant or animal species in the same locale; polymorphism.


formal language

en-noun

formal language (plural formal languages)

Holonym: formal system

Meronyms: alphabet, symbol, word

(computing theory) A set of finite strings (called words) made of symbols (from a finite set of symbols, called an alphabet).


intuitionist

A person who studies intuitionistic mathematics


intuitionistic

Intuitionistic type theory is based on a certain analogy or isomorphism between propositions and types: a proposition is identified with the type of its proofs. This identification is usually called the Curry–Howard isomorphism, which was originally formulated for intuitionistic logic and simply typed lambda calculus. Type Theory extends this identification to predicate logic by introducing dependent types, that is types which contain values. Type Theory internalizes the interpretation of intuitionistic logic proposed by Brouwer, Heyting and Kolmogorov, the so called BHK interpretation. The types of Type Theory play a similar role to sets in set theory but functions definable in Type Theory are always computable.ᵂᴾ

The system, which has come to be known as IZF, or Intuitionistic Zermelo–Fraenkel (ZF refers to ZFC without the axiom of choice), has the usual axioms of extensionality, pairing, union, infinity, separation and power set. The axiom of regularity is stated in the form of an axiom schema of set induction. Also, while Myhill used the axiom schema of replacement in his system, IZF usually stands for the version with collection.ᵂᴾ

proof by contradiction
proof by contradiction

(mathematics, logic) Dealing strictly in constructive proofs, abstaining from proof by contradiction


context-free

(linguistics) (Of a formal language) which can be decided by a pushdown automaton or a context-free grammar (sense 1)

yhteydetön

linguistics, formal language: which can be decided by a pushdown automaton or a context-free grammar


intuitionism

intuitionism (countable and uncountable, plural intuitionisms)

(mathematics) An approach to mathematics/logic which avoids proof by contradiction, and which requires that, in order to prove that something exists, one must construct it.

ինտուիցիոնիզմ

approach to mathematics which avoids proof by contradiction


historicism

historicism (countable and uncountable, plural historicisms)

Calque of German Historismus, historic + -ism.

(theology) A method of interpretation in Christian eschatology which attempts to associate Biblical prophecies with actual historical events and symbolic beings with historical persons or societies.


surveil

en-verb

surveil (third-person singular simple present surveils, present participle surveiling or surveilling, simple past and past participle surveiled or surveilled)

surveils (present singular third-person)
surveiling (participle present)
surveilling (participle present)
surveiled (participle past)
surveiled (past)
surveilled (participle past)
surveilled (past)

1903. Back-formation from surveillance (but compare also French surveiller).

The plaintiff also stresses that the store as a whole, and the customer exits especially, were closely surveilled.
Alexandre of London v. Indem. Ins. Co., 182 F. Supp. 748, 750 (United States District Court for the District of Columbia) (1960), cited in Bryan A. Garner. A Dictionary of Modern Legal Usage (2nd ed., 2001) p. 861

(transitive, US) To keep someone or something under surveillance.


renovation

en-noun

renovation (countable and uncountable, plural renovations)

/ˈɹɛnəveɪʃən/

Borrowed from Latin renovatio, renovationem.


pan

When she publicly acknowledged that she is pan, it educated citizens near and far on what that sexuality meant and the importance of being proud of who you are.

2012 December 28, Anna Waugh, “Texas got a pansexual legislator”, in Dallas Voice, volume 29, number 33, page 9:

Another anonymous pansexual disclosed, "Sometimes I feel really left out because I'm pan. […] "

2013, Alejandra Rodriguez, "Isn't That Bisexual?", Outwrite, Fall 2013, page 7

A similar experience is shared by individuals who identify their sexuality as pan, bi or queer.

2013, Megan Hertner, "Understanding Gender and Sexuality", Grapevine (Huron University College), December 2013, page 19


ZFC

Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory with Choice
w:Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory

(set theory) Initialism of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory with Choice; the standard axiomatization of set theory, including the axiom of choice.


universal property

universal property (plural universal properties)

(mathematics) The property of there being a unique morphism from an arbitrary object to the universal morphism of a comma category which is from a functor to a fixed object; or, dually, the property of there being a unique morphism from the universal morphism to an arbitrary object of a comma category which is from a fixed object to a functor. (Caveat: the uniqueness is up to isomorphism.)


axiom of choice

axiom of choice (countable and uncountable, plural axioms of choice)

A calque of German Axiom der Auswahl (now more commonly Auswahlaxiom), which first appeared in print with a description of the axiom in 1908, Ernst Zermelo, Untersuchungen über die Grundlagen der Mengenlehre I ["Investigations in the foundations of set theory I"], Mathematische Annalen, 65 (although the paper was dated 1907).

The axiom of choice is logically equivalent to the assertion that every vector space has a basis.

If V = L then the axioms of choice and the continuum hypothesis are both true, and the assertion that a measurable cardinal exists is false.

1993, Thomas Tymoczko, editor, Penelope Maddy: Does V Equal L?: New Directions in the Philosophy of Mathematics: An Anthology, page 357:

Throughout this work we adopt the Zermelo–Fraenkel (ZF) axioms of set theory with the Axiom of Choice, commonly abbreviated as ZFC. It follows from the work of Gödel and Cohen that if the ZF axioms are consistent, the Axiom of Choice can be neither proved nor disproved from the ZF axioms.

1993, Gary L. Wise, Eric B. Hall, Counterexamples in Probability and Real Analysis, page vii:

To clarify these ideas for the reader, let us show, without the axiom of choice, that a product of finitely many nonempty sets is nonempty: This is done by induction on the number n of sets.[…]The finite axiom of choice is not an axiom, but rather a theorem that can be proved from the other axioms. In contrast, there are weak forms of the axiom of choice that are not provable.

2000, Bruno Poizat, translated by Moses Klein, A Course in Model Theory: An Introduction to Contemporary Mathematical Logic, page 169:

Perhaps what this debate about whether to accept the axiom of choice indicates is that the disjunction between regularity and randomness is as fundamental to our conception of the world as that between discreteness and continuity.

2004, Michael Potter, Set Theory and its Philosophy: A Critical Introduction, page 259:

There is a uniform status quo almost with just a few exceptions of a handful of mathematicians around the world. Most people accept the “infinite choice, infinite decimals” approach to real numbers, and the justification that has been created to substantiate this, and to overcome some of the difficulties that I have shown you is through an elaborate axiomatic framework. Mathematicians are not stupid! They realize that this theory is dubious, and so what they have done is they have created a rather elaborate axiomatic framework. And that axiomatic framework is something that we can study in set theory and logic; and its purported aim is to create a framework for mathematics; but its initial aims were very much directed towards solving the problems, overcoming the difficulties with real numbers as infinite decimals. Prominent amongst these axioms is this Axiom of Choice! The Axiom of Choice manifests itself in mathematics in many ways; but its primary role — OK — its primary role is exactly here at the level of infinite decimals and real numbers. It essentially asserts, as a matter of faith or belief, that it is possible to choose an infinite number of digits arbitrarily and independently, and that a legitimate mathematical object results. This is the key philosophical point. Are we, or are we not, in a position to be able to specify a first digit, a second digit, a third digit, a fourth digit, and so on to infinity? And are we allowed to call that specification a new mathematical object, a real number? The Axiom of Choice says that “Yes we are!”, so it is a statement of belief and its primary objective is to allow the building of this real number system.

2012, 47:31 – 49:50 from the start, in Difficulties with real numbers as infinite decimals (I) Real numbers + limits Math Foundations 91, episode 91, njwildberger (N. J. Wildberger), via YouTube:

(set theory) One of the axioms of set theory, equivalent to the statement that an arbitrary direct product of non-empty sets is non-empty; any version of said axiom, for example specifying the cardinality of the number of sets from which choices are made.

ընտրության աքսիոմ

axiom that any product of non-empty sets is non-empty


saving grace

saving grace (countable and uncountable, plural saving graces)

(theology) God's grace or blessing, enabling sinners to attain salvation.


sinology

From sino- (“China”) + -logy (“study of”).

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

(Cold War, politics, espionage) The study of the internal politics of the high members of the government of the People's Republic of China.


suppositum

From the past participle of Latin supponere (“to suppose”).

The answer may be that these relation-ships are generated in every possible world, given any suppositum of a certain least complexity.

1977, David Joel, Weissman - Eternal Possibilities: A Neutral Ground for Meaning and Existence:

(logic) Something supposed to be true; an assumption


love letter

Dr Martin says the address the package has been sent to will likely get a "love letter" in the post from Customs.

2016 August 2, Nick Jarvis, “What Happens if You're Caught Getting Drugs in the Mail?”, in Vice:

(US, slang) A notice from the U.S. Customs and Border Protection informing about the seizure of a personal shipment as contraband.


triple agent

There are also triple agents—people who do what the doubles have done, but change their minds and, under our control, pass phoney intelligence back to the Russians. Do you understand? It’s nothing but a complicated game, really.

1980 [1962], Ian Fleming, chapter 11, in The Spy Who Loved Me, →ISBN, page 150:

A spy who pretends to be a double agent for one side, while actually acting as a double agent for the other side.


abstract nonsense

Coined by Norman Steenrod, popularized by Serge Lang.

³Lang’s Algebra [Lan02, p. 759] supports the general consensus that this was not intended as an epithet:
 In the forties and fifties (mostly in the works of Cartan, Eilenberg, MacLane, and Steenrod, see [CE56]), it was realized that there was a systematic way of developing certain relations of linear algebra, depending only on fairly general constructions which were mostly arrow-theoretic, and were affectionately called abstract nonsense by Steenrod.

2016, Emily Riehl, Category Theory in Context (Aurora: Dover modern math originals), New York: Dover, →ISBN, →OCLC, page x:

(mathematics, humorous) Details which involve diagram chasing.


kingdom come

kingdom come (countable and uncountable, plural kingdoms come or kingdom comes)

kingdoms come (plural)
kingdom comes (plural)

From the phrase “Thy kingdom come” from the Lord’s Prayer which is recorded in Matthew 6:9–13 and Luke 11:2–4 in the Bible: see, for example, Matthew 6:10 in the King James Version (spelling modernized): “Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done, in earth, as it is in heaven.” By these sentences, Jesus seeks the establishment of the rule of God the Father over the Earth in the future.

оня свят

place that one will go to after one's death — see also afterlife

(uncountable, colloquial) The place that one will go to after one's death; the afterlife.

(figuratively) Death; also, a state of complete annihilation.

"And where are all these brothers and sisters?" demanded the stranger. / "Dead! dead as herrings—gone to kingdom come a precious long time ago.["]

1843, Alfred Crowquill [pseudonym; Alfred Henry Forrester], “The ‘Plummy’”, in Bentley’s Miscellany, volume XIII, London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, part I, page 624:

(Christianity, specifically) Heaven or paradise.

(uncountable, Christianity) The rule of God over the world in the future; especially, according to those believing in millenarianism, during a period of peace beginning with the second coming of Jesus Christ and lasting a millennium.


anthropic principle

anthropic principle (plural anthropic principles)

The Anthropic Principle states that the universe seems to be arranged in a way that favours the appearance and survival of life.

1994, Anthony Weir, Dispatches from the War Against the World:

A remarkably delicate balance between the small scale phenomena of atomic and nuclear physics and the large scale phenomena of astronomy and cosmology is required for the Universe to be hospitable to chemically based life. Efforts to prove that this must be so are sometimes dignified by the name "anthropic principle."

1997 Virginia Trimble - Cosmology: Where in the $&#** - Beam Line: Fall 1997

Sheldon: The anthropic principle states that if we wish to explain why our universe exists the way it does, the answer is that it must have qualities that allow intelligent creatures to arise who are capable of asking the question, as I am doing so eloquently right now.
Leonard: I know what the anthropic principle is.
Sheldon: Of course, I just explained it to you. Now, where do you stand on it?
Leonard: Where do you stand on it?
Sheldon: Strongly pro.
Leonard: Then I believe that God created the world in six days, and on the seventh he made you to annoy me.

2012 September 27, “The Date Night Variable”, in The Big Bang Theory, season 6, episode 1, spoken by Sheldon Cooper and Leonard Hofstadter:

fundamental constant
fundamental constant

Any of several similar explanations for the nature of the universe, and for the values of its fundamental constants, that states either that the universe is as it is because otherwise we wouldn't be here to observe it, or that the very presence of intelligent life constrains the universe to be as it is.

antrooppinen periaate

explanation for the nature of the universe


philosophizer

A philosopher, a person who writes or reasons in philosophy.


quodlibet

From Latin quod libet (“that which is pleasing”).

(philosophy) A mode of philosophical debate popular in the Middle Ages, in which any question could be posed extemporaneously.


bisimulation

equivalence relation
equivalence relation

state transition system
state transition system

(logic) an equivalence relation between state transition systems, associating systems which behave in the same way in the sense that one system simulates the other and vice-versa


coinduction

coinduction (countable and uncountable, plural coinductions)

(logic) A form of induction that allows some form of reasoning concerning sets that are not well founded; uses a form of relation called a bisimulation


indemonstrable

(philosophy) An indemonstrable proposition, especially one taken as axiomatic.


vorarephile

From Latin vorare (“to devour”) + -phile.