incisive

en-adj

incisive (comparative more incisive, superlative most incisive)

more incisive (comparative)
most incisive (superlative)

Late Middle English (in the sense “cutting, penetrating”), borrowed from Medieval Latin incīsīvus, from incīdō (“to cut in, cut through”) + -īvus (“-ive”, adjectival suffix). Compare Middle French incisif.

af

the incisive bones, the premaxillaries

(anatomy, relational) Of or relating to the incisors.


epistropheus

The union of the atlas and epistropheus is described in this section because (1) there is often a direct communication between the synovial cavity of the transverse epistropic and the occipito-atlantal joints; (2) the rotatory movements of the head take place around the dens (odontoid process); and (3) important ligaments from the dens pass over the atlas to the occiput.

1914, Human Anatomy: A Complete Systematic Treatise, page 215:

(anatomy) The second cervical vertebra of the spine which forms the pivot upon which the first cervical vertebra (the atlas), which carries the head, rotates.


fanny

en-noun

fanny (countable and uncountable, plural fannies)

19th century. Ultimately from Fanny, pet form of the name Frances. Compare dick, John Thomas, mickey.

Her dress was so short you could nearly see her fanny.

(British, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, vulgar) The female genitalia.


turbinate

en-adj

turbinate (comparative more turbinate, superlative most turbinate)

more turbinate (comparative)
most turbinate (superlative)

(anatomy) Of, or relating to, the turbinate bone.


ticker

A teacher now is a typist, a printer, a laboratory assistant, a designer of work sheets and booklets, a form-filler, a ticker of boxes and a sender of returns to faculty heads, to head teachers, to education authorities and to the Ministers […]


sesamoid bone

(anatomy) A small bone embedded within a tendon, typically found in locations where a tendon passes over a joint.


TWA

Trans World Airlines
w:Trans World Airlines


TWA

1956 "Brown Eyed Handsome Man" (Lyrics) - Chuck Berry
Flying across the desert in a TWA, / I saw a woman walking across the sand / She been a-walkin' thirty miles en route to Bombay. / To get a brown-eyed handsome man


sesamoid

There are also at least two examples of more complex ectopic digits. The first is in the aye-aye, a Madagascan lemur, which has a distinct pseudothumb on its forelimb consisting of a bony part that is an expanded radial sesamoid and a dense cartilaginous extension (Hartstone-Rose et al., 2019).

2021, Jonathan Bard, Evolution: The Origins and Mechanisms of Diversity, page 257:

(anatomy) A sesamoid bone or sesamoid cartilage.


splanchnology

These various organs, with those composing the respiratory and genitourinary apparatus, have received the name of viscera, and the term splanchnology is often given to that branch of anatomy devoted to their study.

1887, Auguste Chauveau, The Comparative Anatomy of the Domesticated Animals, page 326:

(anatomy, obsolete) The scientific study of the viscera.


shinbone

From Middle English schinboon, schineboon, from Old English sċinbān (“shin, shinbone”), from Proto-West Germanic *skinubain, from Proto-Germanic *skinōbainą, equivalent to shin + bone. Cognate with Dutch scheenbeen (“shinbone”), German Schienbein (“shinbone”), Danish skinneben (“shin, shinbone”), Swedish skenben (“shinbone”).

(anatomy) The inner and usually the larger of the two bones of the leg or hind limb below the knee

قَصَبَة

inner bone of the hind limb below the knee


E

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 誒 /诶 (ê̄), from E ɛ⁵⁵.

A Tai-Chinese mixed language spoken primarily in Rongshui Miao Autonomous County, Guangxi, China; Kjang E.

誒話 /诶话

a Tai-Chinese mixed language spoken primarily in Rongshui Miao Autonomous County


rotula

Learned borrowing from Latin rotula. Doublet of role and roll.


iridology

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

(alternative medicine) A form of alternative medicine involving the diagnosis of body ailments through the examination of the iris of the human eye.


pull teeth

en-verb

pull teeth (third-person singular simple present pulls teeth, present participle pulling teeth, simple past and past participle pulled teeth)

pulls teeth (present singular third-person)
pulling teeth (participle present)
pulled teeth (participle past)
pulled teeth (past)

(dentistry) To extract teeth, usually because they are decayed or damaged.


bronchus

From Late Latin bronchus, from Ancient Greek βρόγχος (brónkhos, “trachea; throat”).

der

I've watched the summer evenings pass by / I've heard the rattle in my bronchi.

1993, “Afternoons & Coffeespoons”, in Brad Roberts (music), God Shuffled His Feet, performed by Crash Test Dummies:

Either of two airways, which are primary branches of the trachea, leading directly into the lungs.


palatine

Borrowing from French palatin, from New Latin palātīnus, from palātum (“the palate”) + -īnus (“-ine”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to palate + -ine.

af

They strive to astonish the most sophisticated taste, the only applause they seek is the thick sound of the satisfied tongue clapping the palatine papillae.

1979, Clive Sinclair, Hearts of Gold, Penguin, published 1983, page 10:

(anatomy) Of or relating to the palate or to a palatine bone.

顎的 /颚的

relating to the palate or the palatine bone


mop head

The end of a mop, to which the thrums or rags are fastened.

A type of thick rounded haircut similar to that worn by the Beatles in the early 1960s.

(derogatory) A person with unkempt hair that stands away from the head.


bronchiole

(anatomy) Any of the small cartilage-less branches of a bronchus.


veinlet

A small or secondary vein, especially on the wing of an insect or the leaf of a plant.

žilka

a small or secondary vein, especially on the wing of an insect or the leaf of a plant


nervure

(zoology) A vein in the wing of an insect.


endothelium

From endo- + -thelium, as in epithelium.

(anatomy) A thin layer of flat epithelial cells that lines the heart, serous cavities, lymph vessels, and blood vessels.


vertebral

-ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹəl

хрыбе́тны

of or relating to a vertebra or the spine

(anatomy) Of or relating to a vertebra or the spine.


cutaneous

From New Latin *cutaneus, from Latin cutis (“skin”).

(anatomy, zoology) Of, relating to, existing on, or affecting the exterior skin, especially the cutis.


mastoid process

en-noun

mastoid process (plural mastoid processes)

(anatomy) The conical, nipplelike projection of the petrous part of the temporal bone, that is situated behind the ear in humans and many other vertebrates, and serves as a site of muscle attachment.


arteriole

From French artériole, from Latin arteriola, from Latin artēria.

(anatomy) One of the small branches of an artery, especially one that connects with capillaries.


hypodermis

hypodermis (plural hypodermes or hypodermises)

hypodermes (plural)
hypodermises (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hypodermis.wav

An epidermal layer of cells that secretes an overlying chitinous cuticle, as in arthropods.

(anatomy) A subcutaneous layer of loose connective tissue containing fat cells, lying beneath the dermis.


cutis

I was once, I remember, called to a patient who had received a violent contusion in his tibia, by which the exterior cutis was lacerated, so that there was a profuse sanguinary discharge […]

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

The cutis measures in thickness from a quarter of a line to a line and a half (a line is one-twelfth of an inch).

1883, Alfred Swaine Taylor, Thomas Stevenson, The principles and practice of medical jurisprudence:

(anatomy) The true skin or dermis, underlying the epidermis.


birth canal

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-birth canal.wav

(anatomy, sometimes euphemistic) The combined vagina and cervix, when the cervix dilates during birth to form a continuous tube with the vagina.


epithelium

epithelium (plural epitheliums or epithelia)

/ˌɛpɪˈθiːlɪəm/

the passenger's roving eyes paused for a moment as he listened inwardly to a nether itch, which he supposed to be (correctly, thank Log) only a minor irritation of the epithelium.

1969, Vladimir Nabokov, Ada or Ardor, Penguin, published 2011, page 25:

The sap of this species was able to cause loss of corneal epithelium 16 h after direct exposure to the sap in a 60-year-old male.

2014 May 30, Victor Kuete, Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal Plants, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 505:

(anatomy) A membranous tissue composed of one or more layers of cells which forms the covering of most internal and external surfaces of the body and its organs: internally including the lining of vessels and other small cavities, and externally being the skin.


capsule

Borrowed from French capsule, from Latin capsula, diminutive of capsa (“box”).

(anatomy) A tough, fibrous layer surrounding an organ such as the kidney or liver

(anatomy) A membrane that surrounds the eyeball


mastoid

Borrowed from New Latin mastoīdēs, from Ancient Greek μᾰστοειδής (măstoeidḗs, “like a breast”), from μᾰστός (măstós, “a woman's breast”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-like, -oid”).

af

(anatomy) Being the process of the temporal bone behind the ear.

(zootomy) Being any of several bony elements that occupy a similar position in the skull of lower vertebrates.

(anatomy) Of or relating to the mastoid process of the temporal bone.


P

(anatomy, medicine) Abbreviation of pulmonary.


neurohypophysis

antidiuretic hormone
antidiuretic hormone

(anatomy) The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, responsible for the release of oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin.


lacrimal

Borrowed from Medieval Latin lacrimālis, from lacrima (“a tear”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). Doublet of lachrymal.

(anatomy) Of or relating to tears or the tear-secreting organs.


antidiuretic hormone

en-noun

antidiuretic hormone (plural antidiuretic hormones)

(biochemistry) a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland


adenohypophysis

(anatomy) The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, producing and secreting several peptide hormones that regulate many physiological processes including stress, growth, and reproduction.

adenohipòfisi

the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland


mamilla

(anatomy) The small projection of a mammary gland; a nipple.


nephros

Borrowed from Ancient Greek νεφρός (nephrós, “kidney”).


caput

Learned borrowing from Latin caput (“the head”), from Proto-Indo-European *káput (English head), itself from Proto-Indo-European *kap-. Doublet of cape, capo, chef, and chief, and distantly of head and Howth.

lbor

(anatomy) A knob-like protuberance or capitulum.


pylorus

From Latin, from Ancient Greek πυλωρός (pulōrós, “gatekeeper”).

пилор

opening between the stomach and duodenum

(anatomy, biology) In vertebrates, including humans, a zone at the lower end of the stomach that leads to and opens into the duodenum.

pyloric sphincter

stomach part that opens into the duodenum


corium

(anatomy) The layer of skin between the epidermis and the subcutaneous tissues; the dermis.

verinahka

(anatomy) The deep layer of mucous membranes beneath the epithelium.

Passing by the Corium Bubulum of the Classical Ancients, we see in an old charter, dated 1036, "Stallus Sutoris Vaccæ," i. e. the stall of a shoe-maker who used cow-skin.

1825, Thomas Dudley Fosbroke, Encyclopaedia of antiquities, and elements of archaeology, classical and mediæval:

(historical) Armour made of leather, particularly that used by the Romans.


corium

From core + -ium. Apparently coined in 1974 by Martin Peehs, a German nuclear engineer.

1974, Martin Peehs, “Investigations of molten "corium" phases”, in Thermodynamics of Nuclear Materials, volume 1, Vienna: International Atomic Agency IAEA-SM-190/10:

Mexico was given $100,000 to do a series of experiments in which small amounts (10 to 20 grams) of stainless steel and corium (a mixture of 55 percent iron, 10 percent zirconium, and 35 percent uranium dioxide) will be melted and then flooded with water in an arc-melting chamber.

1975 21 October, Hearings on the Nuclear Initiative: Technological Concerns in Nuclear Reactor Safety, Sacramento (CA): California Legislature Assembly Committee on Resources, Land Use, and Energy:

Previous studies of the thermal behavior of corium in a degraded nuclear reactor have focussed primarily on the process of heat transfer within the corium.

1991, Sheau-Wen Shiah, Fan-bill B. Cheung, Dae-Ho Cho, Michael J. Tan, Louis Baker Jr., “Numerical Modeling of Corium/Steel Structure Interaction with Downfacing Boiling Boundary Conditions”, in Chung, Franklin, Hochreiter, Larry E., editors, Numerical Modelling of Basic Heat Transfer Phenomena in Nuclear Systems, presented at the 28th National Heat Transfer Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, July 28-31, 1991, New York (NY): American Society of Mechanical Engineers, page 31:

2009, Wei Wei, Xing-rong Cao, “The Simulation of Corium Dispersion in Direct Containment Heating Accidents”, in Zero Carbon Energy Kyoto 2009:

The materials of the nuclear reactor—nuclear oxide fuel and fission products, cladding, metallic alloys, moderator, absorbers, structural materials, coolants, concrete, and so on, could melt to form complex, multiphases, and aggressive mixtures known by the general term corium.

2011, Pascal Piluso, “Appendix 1: Corium Thermodynamics and Thermophysics, 2. Corium Thermophysics”, in Bal Raj Seghal, editor, Nuclear Safety in Light Water Reactors: Severe Accident Phenomenology, Waltham (MA): Academic Press, →ISBN, page 664:

CORIUM: INIS: 1977-10-17; ETDE: 1977-06-02 Molten mixture of fuel, cladding and other core structural material resulting from a meltdown accident.

2019 October, INIS [International Nuclear Information System] Thesaurus, Multilingual version, IAEA-INIS Reference Series IAEA-INIS-01 (2019/10), Vienna: IAEA [International Atomic Energy Agency], →ISSN, page 264:

(nuclear physics) A lavalike mixture of fissile material created in a nuclear reactor's core during a nuclear meltdown.


pituitary gland

en-noun

pituitary gland (plural pituitary glands)

(anatomy) An endocrine gland, about the size of a pea, that sits in a small, bony cavity at the base of the brain whose secretions control the other endocrine glands and influence growth, metabolism, and maturation.

հիպոֆիզ

an endocrine gland, about the size of a pea, that sits in a small, bony cavity at the base of the brain whose secretions control the other endocrine glands and influence growth, metabolism and maturation


T

T (countable and uncountable, plural Ts)

(automotive) The Ford Motor Company's Model T automobile.

The symmetry of the negative Ts in II, III, and avF (210) may have that significance, or it may mean coronary insufficiency in a patient with an old infarct, or may be a stable part of an old lesion.

1999, Thomas M. Blake, Annotated Atlas of Electrocardiography: A Guide to Confident Interpretation, New York, NY: Springer Science+Business Media, →ISBN, page 63:

Mind your Bs and Ts'
The other prong comes in the form of “T” lymphocytes (which mature in the thymus). These recognise and kill infected body cells.

2020 May 2, “Leaving lockdown means understanding immune responses to the virus”, in The Economist:


cross-eyed

en-adj

cross-eyed (comparative more cross-eyed, superlative most cross-eyed)

more cross-eyed (comparative)
most cross-eyed (superlative)

(British) Having both eyes oriented inward, especially involuntarily.


duodenum

From Medieval Latin duodēnum digitōrum (“space of twelve digits”) in reference to its length, from duodēnī (“twelve each”) + digitōrum, genitive plural of digitus (“finger; toe; digit”).

der

From the Stomacke to the very Fundament, are produced the Guts or Inteſtina, which ſerue a little to alter and diſtribute the Chilus, and convey away the excrements. They are divided into ſmall and great, by reason of their ſite and ſubſtance, ſlender or thicker. The ſlender is Duodenum or whole gut, which is next to the ſtomacke, ſome twelue inches long (ſaith Fuſchius.)

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Dißimilar Parts”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 1, section 1, member 2, subsection 4, page 17:

The Inteſtina tenuia were burnt in many places, but not quite through any where, excepting two or three. […] The length of that which is commonly call'd the Duodenum, was about 4½ Foot.

1682, A[llan] M[ullen], An Anatomical Account of the Elephant Accidentally Burnt in Dublin, on Fryday, June 17. in the Year 1681. Sent in a Letter to Sir Will[iam] Petty, Fellow of the Royal Society. Together with a Relation of New Anatomical Observations in the Eyes of Animals: Communicated in another Letter to the Honourable R[obert] Boyle, Esq.; Fellow of the Same Society, London: Printed for Sam[uel] Smith, bookseller, at the Prince's Arms in St. Paul's Church-Yard, →OCLC, page 19:

The duodenum receives the chyme from the stomach, and has generally been believed to accomplish the second digestion, or the conversion of chyme into chyle. In the duodenum it meets with the bile, pancreatic and intestinal fluids, loses its acid properties, and becomes alkaline, probably by the agency of the soda of the bile; […]

1840, Daniel Oliver, “Nutritive Functions”, in First Lines of Physiology; Designed for the Use of Students of Medicine, 2nd edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: Published by Herman Hooker, Corner of Fifth and Chestnut Streets, →OCLC, page 251:

The duodena open into a common pouch just below the entrance of the gall-ducts. The intestine was single from the confluence of the duodena to the termination of the jejunum.

1872, B[enjamin] Thompson Lowne, Descriptive Catalogue of the Teratological Series in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, London: Printed for the College, and Sold by R[obert] Hardwicke, 192 Piccadilly, →OCLC, series II (Abnormal Conditions Affecting the Axis in Animals), class II (Duplicity), subseries VI (In Mammals), subclass II (Homologous Union), page 27, preparation 115:

Duodenums were dissected out, fixed and photographed.

2013, “Retinaldehyde”, in Q. Ashton Acton, editor, Retinoids—Advances in Research and Application, Atlanta, Ga.: ScholarlyEditions, published 2013, →ISBN, page 36:

(anatomy) The first part of the small intestine, starting at the lower end of the stomach and extending to the jejunum.


withers

en-noun

withers pl (normally plural, singular wither)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-withers.wav

From dialectal English wither (“against”) (compare wither-) + -s; see with. So-named because it is the part of the horse that pushes against a load. Compare German Widerrist (“withers”), from wider (“against”) + Rist (“wrist”).

The part of the back of a four-legged animal that is between the shoulder blades; in many species the highest point of the body and the standard place to measure the animal's height.


nephric

From Ancient Greek νεφρός (nephrós, “kidney”) + -ic.


walleye

(plural "walleye" or "walleyes") A species of gamefish, Sander vitreus, native to the Northern U.S. and Canada with pale, reflective eyes.


hypophysis

From Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó, “under”) + φύσις (phúsis, “nature”), from φύω (phúō, “to bring forth”).

CHAPTER VI / THE DISEASES OF THE HYPOPHYSIS [PITUITARY GLAND]

1915 - Wilhelm Falta, (trans. Milton Kayton Meyers) The Ductless Glandular Diseases, P. Blakiston's Son & Co. OCLC 4634141, page 231


hypothalamus

en-noun

hypothalamus (plural hypothalami or hypothalamuses)

hypothalami (plural)
hypothalamuses (plural)

To avoid catastrophe, the brain has its trusty control centre, the hypothalamus, which tells the body to cool itself by sweating or to warm itself by shivering.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 217:

autonomic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

(neuroanatomy) A region of the forebrain located below the thalamus, forming the basal portion of the diencephalon, and functioning to regulate body temperature, some metabolic processes and governing the autonomic nervous system.

hipotalamusi

a region of the brain, below the thalamus


rectum

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-rectum.wav

Borrowed from New Latin rectum, clipping of Latin rectum intestinum (literally “the straight intestine”), rectum, neuter of rectus (“straight”). See right.

der

(anatomy) The terminal part of the large intestine through which feces pass after exiting the colon, but before leaving the body through the anus or cloaca.


vesica

Learned borrowing from Latin vēsīca (“bladder”).

lbor

(anatomy) A bladder, especially the urinary bladder or the gall bladder.


eczema

en-noun

eczema (countable and uncountable, plural eczemata or eczemas)

Learned borrowing from Latin eczema, from Ancient Greek ἔκζεμᾰ (ékzemă, “cutaneous eruption”), from ἐκζέω (ekzéō, “to boil out, break out”) + -μᾰ (-mă, nominal suffix).

أَكْزِيمَا

atopic dermatitis
atopic dermatitis#English

(biology, medicine) A non-contagious acute or chronic inflammation of the skin, characterized by redness, itching, and the outbreak of oozing vesicular lesions which become encrusted and scaly.


nephritic

en-adj

nephritic (comparative more nephritic, superlative most nephritic)

more nephritic (comparative)
most nephritic (superlative)

From Middle English neufretic, from Medieval Latin nefreticus; compare Classical Latin nephrīticus; equivalent to nephritis + -ic = nephr- (“kidney”) + itis (“inflammation”) + -ic (“related”).

confix

(archaic) Of or relating to the kidneys.


arbor vitae

en-noun

arbor vitae (plural arbor vitae or arbor vitaes or arbores vitae)

arbor vitae (plural)
arbor vitaes (plural)
arbores vitae (plural)

From Latin arbor (“tree”) + vitae, genitive singular of vita (“life”).

connected to fibres of the arbor vitae and to divaricating axons

(anatomy) White matter of the cerebellum.


bacon-faced

(idiomatic, archaic, vulgar) having a fat, sleek face.


epididymis

epididymis (plural epididymides or epididymises)

epididymides (plural)
epididymises (plural)

From Ancient Greek ἐπιδιδυμίς (epididumís), from ἐπί (epí, “upon, over”) + δίδυμος (dídumos, “twin; testicle”).

Most men, I daresay, have never heard of their epididymis.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 332:

(anatomy) A narrow, tightly-coiled tube connecting the efferent ducts from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferens, where sperm are stored during maturation.


gall bladder

Giraffes, oddly, sometimes have gall bladders and sometimes donʼt.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 178:

(anatomy) A pear-shaped organ that stores bile from the liver, until the body needs it for the digestion and absorption of fats in the duodenum.


retainer

You give me head / It makes it worse / Take out your fuckin' retainer / Put it in your purse

1981, “Too Drunk to Fuck”, performed by Dead Kennedys:

(dentistry) A device that holds teeth in position after orthodontic treatment.


otic bone

/ˈəʊtɪk bəʊn/

The otic bones include the tympanic bulla, the periotic, and the three auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes).


pituitary

1610s, from Latin pītuītārius (“mucous”), from pītuīta (“clammy moisture, phlegm, mucus, slime”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *peyH- (“to be fat, swell”). Taken as the name for the gland because it was believed that it channeled mucus to the nose. As a noun by 1899.

der

(anatomy) Of or relating to the pituitary gland.


pituitary

(anatomy) The pituitary gland together with the pituitary stalk.


urinary bladder

en-noun

urinary bladder (plural urinary bladders)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-urinary bladder.wav

(anatomy) An elastic, muscular sac situated in the pelvic cavity, into which urine from the kidneys is temporarily stored prior to disposal by urination. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra.


python

From Latin pȳthon, from Ancient Greek Πύθων (Púthōn), the name of the mythological enormous serpent at Delphi slain by Apollo, probably from Πυθώ (Puthṓ), older name of Delphi.

(zoology) A type of large constricting snake.


invertase

invertase (usually uncountable, plural invertases)

The costs incurred for the processing of sucrose with invertase could be considerably reduced with the introduction of immobilised invertases, by adopting technology similar to that developed for glucose isomerase.

1995, L. F. J. Woods, S. J. Swinton, “8: Enzymes in the starch and sugar industries”, in Gregory A. Tucker, L.F.J. Woods, editors, Enzymes in Food Processing, page 257:

The disaccharide sucrose and the trisaccharide raffinose are both substrates of invertase. Invertase is encoded by the SUC genes from which six unlinked loci have been identified (SUC1-SUC5, SUC7), which are dipersed through the yeast genome (Lampen, 1968; Ouwehand and van Wijk, 1972; Ottolenghi, 1971).

1997, Karl-Dieter Entian, Hans-Joachim Schüller, “Chapter 13: Genetics of Di- and Trisaccharide Utilization”, in Friedrich K. Zimmermann, Karl-Dieter Entian, editors, Yeast Sugar Metabolism, page 226:

Up-regulation of these invertases is a common response to infection (Hall and Williams, 2000).

2004, J. S. C. Clark, P. T. N. Spencer-Phillips, “The Compatible Interaction in Downy Mildew Infections”, in Peter Spencer-Phillips, Michael J. Jeger, editors, Advances in Downy Mildew Research, volume 2, page 18:

2013, Maria Kamiko Kadowaki, Rite de Cássia Garcia Simão, Jose Luís da Conceição Silva, Clarice Aoki Osaku, Luis Henrique Souza Guimarāes, 1: Biotechnical Advances in Fungal Invertases, Maria de Lourdes T. M. Polizeli, Mahendra Rai (editors), Fungal Enzymes, page 14,
The methods used for the immobilization of fungal invertases include adsorption, covalent binding, cross-linking and entrapment (Uzun et al. 2011).
Nelson and Griffin (1916) reported that invertase was the first enzyme to be immobilized, and it was bound on charcoal and aluminium hydroxide. Subsequently, mant fungal invertases have been immobilized onto a variety of media […] .

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose (invert sugar), used by bees to produce honey and in the food industry to soften chocolate.


gherkin

From a form of Dutch gurk, an archaic variant of augurk (“small pickled cucumber”), from Low German, from Middle Low German agurke, augurke, probably via Slavic (compare Polish ogórek), from Byzantine Greek ἀγγούριον (angoúrion, “cucumber”). The underlying Dutch form may be a diminutive (gurkijn) or perhaps more probably the plural (gurken), which was then associated with the English suffix -kin (itself incidentally from Dutch or Low German). Compare German Gurke.

der

Informal nickname for the well-known tall office building situated 30 St Mary Axe, London EC3 ("The Gherkin").


craniology

en-noun

craniology (usually uncountable, plural craniologies)

The study of the physical characteristics of the human skull.

kraniologia

the study of the physical characteristics of the human skull


hairball

A small wad of fur or mass of hair formed in the digestive system of a cat or other animal, from hair ingested while grooming.


furrow

From Middle English furgh, forow, from Old English furh, from Proto-West Germanic *furh, from Proto-Germanic *furhs (compare Saterland Frisian Fuurge, Dutch voor, German Furche, Swedish fåra, Norwegian Bokmål fure), from Proto-Indo-European *perḱ- (“to dig”). Compare Welsh rhych (“furrow”), Latin porca (“ridge, balk”), Lithuanian prapar̃šas (“ditch”), Sanskrit पर्शान (párśāna, “chasm”).

Don't walk across that deep furrow in the field.

The family feeling was intensified as we stopped to speak to mothers in the cottage gardens, or waved to distant tractors turning over chocolate-brown furrows and driven by 'my dad' or 'my Uncle Bob'.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 217:

A trench cut in the soil, as when plowed in order to plant a crop.

Any trench, channel, or groove, as in wood or metal.

When she was tired, a deep furrow appeared on her forehead.

A deep wrinkle in the skin of the face, especially on the forehead.

глубо́кая морщи́на f (glubókaja morščína, literally “deep wrinkle”)

глибо́ка змо́ршка f (hlybóka zmórška, literally “deep wrinkle”)


furrow

en-verb

furrow (third-person singular simple present furrows, present participle furrowing, simple past and past participle furrowed)

furrows (present singular third-person)
furrowing (participle present)
furrowed (participle past)
furrowed (past)

As she pored over the company's bewildering tax documents, she furrowed her brows and began to frown.

(transitive) To pull one's brows or eyebrows together due to concentration, worry, etc.


hog

hog (third-person singular simple present hogs, present participle hogging, simple past and past participle hogged)

hogs (present singular third-person)
hogging (participle present)
hogged (participle past)
hogged (past)

From Middle English hog, from Old English hogg, hocg (“hog”), possibly from Old Norse hǫggva (“to strike, chop, cut”), from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną (“to hew, forge”), from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to beat, hew, forge”).
Cognate with Old High German houwan, Old Saxon hauwan, Old English hēawan (English hew). Hog originally meant a castrated male pig, hence a sense of “the cut one”. (Compare hogget for a castrated male sheep.) More at hew.
Alternatively from a Brythonic language, from Proto-Celtic *sukkos, from Proto-Indo-European *suH- and thus cognate with Welsh hwch (“sow”) and Cornish hogh (“pig”).

der

Some, perhaps, would wish to plait or shave the tail and crimp or hog the mane to complete the picture.

1880, William Day, The Racehorse in Training:

(transitive) To clip the mane of a horse, making it short and bristly.

ко́ротко подстригать

to clip the mane of a horse, making it short and bristly

(machining) To take a rough cut, quickly removing material; to hog out.


areola

en-noun

areola (plural areolas or areolae or areolæ)

areolas (plural)
areolae (plural)
areolæ (plural)

/ˌæ.ɹiˈəʊ.lə/

Borrowed from Latin āreola (“small vacant space, garden”), diminutive of ārea. Doublet of areole.

bor

Working with the Personal Genome Project, she has collected measurements and images of the areolas of 150 people so far. One initial finding is that the diameter of the areola seems unrelated to the number of areola glands — the small bumps in the skin surrounding the nipple.

2014 April 28, Albert Sun, “From Volunteers, a DNA Database”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(anatomy) The circular, darkly pigmented area surrounding a nipple; the areola mammae.

(by extension, anatomy) Any small circular area that is different from its immediate environment, such as the colored ring around the pupil of the eye (iris) or an inflamed region surrounding a pimple.

The tubes or elongated spaces of which we have spoken, are not distended with any fluid, but are merely moistened in the same way as the areolas of ordinary areolar tissue.

1847, The Medico-Chirurgical Review, volume 51, page 329:

(anatomy) Any of the small spaces throughout areolar connective tissue.


rhizome

From rhiz- + -ome. As philosophical metaphor, used by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari.

All these species are climbing, briery plants, having long slender roots, which proceed in all directions from a common rootstalk or rhizome.

1868, George Bacon Wood, A Treatise on Therapeutics, and Pharmacology, Or Materia Medica, Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Company, page 432:

(botany) A horizontal, underground stem of some plants that sends out roots and shoots (scions) from its nodes.

kökümsov

horizontal underground stem of some plants


tartar

en-noun

tartar (countable and uncountable, plural tartars)

From Old French tartre, from Medieval Latin tartarum, from Byzantine Greek τάρταρον (tártaron), said to be from Arabic دُرْدِيّ (durdiyy), though it is already found in Pelagonius’s Ars veterinaria 46 in the adjective tartarālis, if the reading is correct.

A hard yellow deposit on the teeth, formed from dental plaque.


RV

(anatomy, medicine) Initialism of right ventricle.


sunblock

sunblock (countable and uncountable, plural sunblocks)

sun protection factor
sun protection factor

A sunscreen with a high sun protection factor (SPF).


juice box

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-juice box.wav

Ashleigh opened her legs without hesitation giving him a nice view of her juice box

2016, Ty Marshall, Keys to the Kingdom, page 142:

She raised one leg up on the edge of the tub, giving him full access to her juice box.

2017, Blake Karrington, Single Ladies 2, unnumbered page:

I started making a trail of kisses down her belly until I made it to her juice box.

2018, Dawn Jiles, If I Can't Have You, unnumbered page:

(African-American Vernacular, slang, vulgar) The vagina.


sunscreen

sunscreen (countable and uncountable, plural sunscreens)

A topical product for the skin containing organic compounds that absorb, and/or titanium dioxide that reflects the sun's ultraviolet radiation.

حَاجِبَة اَلْأَشِعَّة اَلشَّمْسِيَّة

cream that protects the skin from the sun


cankle

Hey, all l’m saying is she’s got cankles, for God’s sake. What? Cankles! She’s got no ankles. It’s like the calf merged with the foot, cut out the middleman.

2001, Peter Farrelly, Bobby Farrelly, Shallow Hal:

The “cankle” (or the appearance of not having an ankle, but the calf of the leg just connecting to the foot) is a look that many women have and most could live without.

2004, Jeff Smith, Posing for Portrait Photography: A Head-to-Toe Guide:

They’d pass me magazines and ask how my cankle recovery was progressing. They’re ankles, not cankles. I don’t have cankles!

2005, Franz Wisner, Honeymoon with my Brother:

Now that's a cankle! Where does the calf fat end and the ankle fat begin? Who knows, that's the fun!

2007, “Bill & Peter's Bogus Journey”, in Family Guy, season 5, episode 13:

Stop saying I have cankles!

2008 September 13, Saturday Night Live, spoken by Hillary Clinton (Amy Poehler):

Laserassisted lipolysis for cankle remodelling: A prospective study in 30 patients. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 29:131–136. Leclère FM, Trelles M, MorenoMoraga J, Servell P, Unglaub F, Mordon SR. 980nm laser lipolysis (LAL): About 674[…]

2017 January 27, Pierre Andre, Eckart Haneke, Leonardo Marini, Christopher Rowland Payne, Cosmetic Medicine and Surgery, CRC Press, →ISBN:

(originally slang, usually derogatory) An obese or otherwise swollen ankle that blends into the calf without clear demarcation.


upsweep

(oceanography) The unidentified sound detected on the American NOAA's equatorial autonomous hydrophone arrays, consisting of a long train of narrow-band upsweeping sounds of several seconds in duration.


doodle

Extracted from Labradoodle, itself a blend of labrador and poodle

Any crossbreed of a poodle with a different breed of dog.


EC

EC (countable and uncountable, plural ECs)

entorhinal cortex
entorhinal cortex#English

(anatomy) Initialism of entorhinal cortex.


ACTH

adrenocorticotropic hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone#English

(endocrinology, biochemistry) Initialism of adrenocorticotropic hormone.


urokinase

urokinase (countable and uncountable, plural urokinases)

deep vein thrombosis
deep vein thrombosis

(biochemistry) A protease, found in the urine, which converts plasminogen to plasmin, and is used in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis.


uropod

/ˈjʊəɹəˌpɒd/

Coordinate term: pleopod

(anatomy) either of the two posterior abdominal appendages of the lobster, shrimp and some other crustaceans.


urinary tract

(anatomy) The continuous system involved in the production and excretion of urine; the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.


buckle

buckle (countable and uncountable, plural buckles)

Origin uncertain. Probably from Middle English bokelen (“to arch the body”), from Middle French boucler (“to bulge”, literally “to take the shape of a shield boss”), from the same ultimate origin as Etymology 1 above. In some senses, possibly from buck (“to bend, yield, buckle”) + -le (frequentative suffix).

suf

(countable) A distortion; a bend, bulge, or kink.

(roofing) An upward, elongated displacement of a roof membrane, frequently occurring over deck joints or insulation, which may indicate movement of the roof assembly.


TGIF

transforming growth interacting factor#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of transforming growth interacting factor.


LHRH

luteinizing hormone
luteinizing hormone#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.


curling iron

A heated cylindrical device for curling the hair.

كلَابَات اَلتَّمْوِيج

a heated cylindrical device for curling the hair


CNS

central nervous system
central nervous system#English

(neuroanatomy) Initialism of central nervous system.


ureter

/jʊəˈɹiːtə(ɹ)/

(anatomy) Either of the two long, narrow ducts that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

حَالِب

narrow duct that carries urine from the kidneys


DHT

en-noun

DHT (countable and uncountable, plural DHTs)

(uncountable, biochemistry) Initialism of dihydrotestosterone.


adaptive enzyme

adaptive enzyme (plural adaptive enzymes)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that is present in the cell only under conditions in which it is clear of adaptive value.


CHD

common hepatic duct
common hepatic duct#English

(anatomy) Initialism of common hepatic duct.


meatus

Learned borrowing from Latin meātus (“a going, passing; a way, path, passage”).

lbor

The urinary meatus is the opening of the urethra, situated on the glans penis in males, and in the vulva in females.

The illness. It came out of nowhere. His breathing all of a sudden started hurting the back of his throat. Then that overfull heat in various cranial meatus.

1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest […], Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 60:

The vibrissae are coarse hairs whose follicles are located just within the nasal meatus.

2012, David W. Kennedy, Peter H. Hwang, editors, Rhinology: Diseases of the Nose, Sinuses, and Skull Base, Thieme, →ISBN:

(anatomy) A tubular opening or passage leading to the interior of the body.

(anatomy) Ellipsis of acoustic meatus, the passage leading into the ear.


naevus flammeus

(anatomy) A vascular birthmark or naevus, usually on the head and neck, consisting of an overgrowth of capillaries which produce a reddish to purplish discoloration of the skin.


gingiva

/ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɪvə/

/d͡ʒɪnˈd͡ʒaɪvə/

(anatomy) The gum, consisting of the tissue surrounding the roots of the teeth and covering the jawbone.


jejunum

Borrowed from Latin iēiūnum, neuter of iēiūnus.

(anatomy) The central of the three divisions of the small intestine which lies between the duodenum and the ileum


tiller

From Middle English teler, from Anglo-Norman telier (“beam used in weaving”), from Medieval Latin telarium, from Latin tēla (“web”).

der

(aviation, by extension) A steering wheel, usually mounted on the lower portion of the captain's control column, which is used to steer the aircraft's nosewheel or tailwheel to provide steering during taxi.


neurotransmitter

Together with this is the influence of an infinite number of neurotransmitters, neurohormones, environmental hazards, and accidental programmings.

2016, David R. Hawkins, The Eye of the I: From Which Nothing is Hidden, page 142:

(biochemistry, neuroscience) Any substance, such as acetylcholine or dopamine, responsible for sending nerve signals across a synapse between two neurons.

نَاقِل عَصَبِيّ

substance responsible for sending nerve signals across a synapse between two neurons

神経伝達物質

しんけいでんたつぶっしつ

нейромедіа́тор m (nejromediátor, literally “neuromediator”)


serotonin

en-noun

serotonin (countable and uncountable, plural serotonins)

/ˌsɛɹəˈtəʊnɪn/

/ˌsɛɹəˈtoʊnɪn/

(biochemistry) An indoleamine neurotransmitter, 5-hydroxytryptamine, that is involved in depression, appetite, etc., and is crucial in maintaining a sense of well-being, security, etc.


DO

DO (countable and uncountable, plural DOs)

(dentistry) Initialism of disto-occlusal.


caecum

Borrowed from Latin caecum (“invisible, hidden”), clipping of intestīnum caecum (“blind gut”), translation of Ancient Greek τῠφλὸν ἔντερον (tŭphlòn énteron).

der

τῠφλὸν ἔντερον

After a preliminary course in anatomy it was found that caecum and transverse colon also provided excellent sites for excitation.

1970, J. G. Ballard, The Atrocity Exhibition:

(anatomy) A cavity open at one end (such as the blind end of a duct), especially a blind pouch connected to the large intestine between the ileum and the colon.


small intestine

en-noun

small intestine (plural small intestines)

From small + intestine, perhaps a partial calque of Middle English smaltharm, smaleþarm, from Old English smælþearme (“lower gut, small intestine”, literally “small tharm”).

der

(anatomy) The upper part of the intestine, between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum.


gingivitis

en-noun

gingivitis (usually uncountable, plural gingivitides or gingivites)

gingivitides (plural)
gingivites (plural)

/ˌd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɪˈvaɪtəs/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gingivitis.wav

(pathology) Inflammation of the gums or gingivae.


prostate gland

(anatomy) A gland in male mammals surrounding the urethra just below the urinary bladder that controls the release of urine from the bladder and produces a secretion that is the fluid part of semen.

předstojná žláza

gland in male mammals surrounding the urethra — see also prostate

urogenital sinus - embryological precursor


talker

From Middle English talkere, equivalent to talk + -er.

(marketing) A table talker or shelf-talker.


naevus

(anatomy) A pigmented, raised or otherwise abnormal area on the skin, whether congenital or acquired.


sebaceous gland

sebaceous gland (plural sebaceous glands)

(anatomy) A gland of the skin which secretes an oily substance, sebum, usually into a hair follicle near the surface of the skin.


uvea

From Medieval Latin, from Latin uva (“grape”), partial loan translation of Greek ῥαγοειδής χιτών (rhagoeidḗs khitṓn, “[covering] like a grape”), from ῥάξ (rháx, “grape”) .

(anatomy) The middle of the three concentric layers that make up the eye; it is pigmented and vascular, and comprises the choroid, the ciliary body, and the iris.

střední vrstva oční koule

the middle of the three concenctric layers that make up the eye


STN

STN (countable and uncountable, plural STNs)

(neuroanatomy) Initialism of subthalamic nucleus.


sebum

sebum (countable and uncountable, plural sebums or seba)

Learned borrowing from Latin sēbum (“tallow, grease; suet”).

lbor

‘I mean, it is not simply adolescent acne caused by the over-excretion of sebum.’

2000, Zadie Smith, White Teeth, London: Hamish Hamilton, →ISBN, page 387:

(physiology) A thick oily substance, secreted by the sebaceous glands of the skin, that consists of fat, keratin and cellular debris.


vascular

LL-Q1860 (eng)-عُثمان (Middle river exports)-vascular.wav

From New Latin vasculāris, from Latin vasculum, diminutive of vas (“vessel”).

Reindeer are well suited to the taiga’s frigid winters. They can maintain a thermogradient between body core and the environment of up to 100 degrees, in part because of insulation provided by their fur, and in part because of counter-current vascular heat exchange systems in their legs and nasal passages.

2013 March 2, Nancy Langston, “Mining the Boreal North”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 2, archived from the original on 2016-04-13, page 98:

(anatomy) Relating to the flow of fluids, such as blood, lymph, or sap, through the body of an animal or plant, or to the vessels that carry such fluids


sputum

en-noun

sputum (countable and uncountable, plural sputums or sputa)

From New Latin, from Latin sputum (“that which is spit out, spittle”), from spuere (“to spit”).

der

In the early 1890s the work in the laboratory consisted of postmortems, urinalyses, and examination of sputums.

2018, Louis Rosenfeld, Four Centuries of Clinical Chemistry:

At the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, the boy’s sputum sat for a month, waiting for its turn in a slow process of antibody-matching analysis.

2020 February 24, James Hamblin, “You’re Likely to Get the Coronavirus”, in The Atlantic:

(physiology) Matter coughed up and expectorated from the mouth, composed of saliva and discharges from the respiratory passages such as mucus, phlegm or pus.

խորխ

matter coughed up and expectorated from the mouth


shoulders

(anatomy) The two shoulders and the upper portion of the back.


simper

en-verb

simper (third-person singular simple present simpers, present participle simpering, simple past and past participle simpered)

simpers (present singular third-person)
simpering (participle present)
simpered (participle past)
simpered (past)

Uncertain; compare (probably from) Danish simper / semper (“coy”), German zimper (“elegant, dainty”).

How the fools kotowed and simpered while I looked over their jewels and speculated upon how much I could get for them!

1915, Harold MacGrath, chapter 24, in The Voice In The Fog:

a whimpering, simpering child

1940, “Bewitched, Bothered And Bewildered”, Lorenz Hart (lyrics), Richard Rodgers (music):

But where daft Nell simpers at him and tries to muss his slicked hair and pull it forward over his broad, Christian brow, my little Dot is looking nowhere but at the ground, still praying, praying even while she stands, and Rick has actually to touch her forearm with his finger in order to alert her to his Godlike nearness.

(intransitive) To smile in a foolish, frivolous, self-conscious, coy, obsequious, or smug manner.

Yet can I mark how stars above / Simper and shine.


simper

Yes, another world it was, when these black ruins, white in their new mortar and fresh chiselling, first saw the sun as walls, long ago. Gauge not, with thy dilettante compasses, with that placid dilettante simper, the Heaven's—Watchtower of our Fathers, the fallen God's—Houses, the Golgotha of true Souls departed!

1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “Ch. 2, St. Edmundsbury”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, →OCLC, book II (The Ancient Monk):

He paused, and then a strange expression appeared on his lips. It was very like a simper.

1972, Eric Ambler, The Levanter, published 2009, →ISBN, page 158:

A foolish, frivolous, self-conscious, or affected smile; a smirk.


tonsil

Late 16th century borrowing from French tonsille or Latin tonsillae (“the tonsils in the throat”, plural).

bor

(anatomy, immunology) Ellipsis of palatine tonsil.

(anatomy, immunology) Any of various small masses of lymphoid tissues.


rheum

en-noun

rheum (countable and uncountable, plural rheums)

From Middle English reume, rewme, from Anglo-Norman reume, from Late Latin rheuma, from Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα (rheûma, “stream, humour”). Doublet of stream.

der

You that did voide your rume vpon my beard, / And foote me as you ſpurne a ſtranger curre / Ouer your threſhold, […]

c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii], page 166:

[T]thronging theaters of people (as well Aliens as Engliſhmen) hiued thither about the ſelling of fiſh and Herring, from Saint Michael to Saint Martin, and there built ſutlers booths and tabernacles, to canopie their heads in from the rhewme of the heauens, or the clouds diſſoluing Cataracts.

1599, [Thomas] Nashe, Nashes Lenten Stuffe, […], London: […] [Thomas Judson and Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and C[uthbert] B[urby] […], →OCLC, page 10:

He wore about his shoulders a heavy cloak; his pale face was drawn and his voice broken with rheum.

1916 December 29, James Joyce, chapter III, in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, New York, N.Y.: B[enjamin] W. Huebsch, →OCLC, page 123:

(uncountable) Thin or watery discharge of mucus or serum, especially from the eyes or nose, formerly thought to cause disease.

And not as ſome yeeres ſince, I ſaw a Deane of S. Hillarie of Poictiers, reduced by reaſon and the incommoditie of his melancholy to ſuch a continuall ſolitarineſſe, that when I entered into his chamber he had never remooved one ſteppe out of it in twoo and twenty yeares before: yet had all his faculties free and eaſie, onely a rheume excepted that fell into his ſtomake.

1603, Michel de Montaigne, “Of the Recompences or Rewards of Honour”, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC, page 227:

Illness or disease thought to be caused by such secretions; a catarrh, a cold; rheumatism.

Rich. And ſay, what ſtore of parting tears were ſhed? / Aum. Faith none for me: except the Northeaſt wind / Which then grew bitterly againſt our face, / Awak’d the ſleepie rhewme, and ſo by chance / Did grace our hollow parting with a teare.

1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iv], page 27, column 2:


amphora

en-noun

amphora (plural amphoras or amphorae or amphorai)

amphoras (plural)
amphorae (plural)
amphorai (plural)

/æmˈfɔ(ː)ɹə/

From Latin amphora (“large wine vessel, Roman unit of liquid measure”), from Ancient Greek ἀμφορεύς (amphoreús, “two-handled pitcher, Greek units of liquid measure”), ultimately from Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀠𐀡𐀩𐀸 (a-pi-po-re-we, “carried on both sides”).

der

(botany) A lower valve of a fruit that opens transversely.


testosterone

en-noun

testosterone (countable and uncountable, plural testosterones)

From test(is) + -o- + -sterone (“steroid hormone”).

af

Mammalian testes contain almost no testosterone because it is sent out into the body as quickly as it is made.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 168:

(biochemistry, steroids) A steroid hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics, produced mainly in the testes, but also in the ovaries and adrenal cortex.


curette

Borrowed from French curette, from curer (“to clean out, scrape out”).

Curettes are used for the subgingival removal of dental deposits and for root planing. They can also be used supragingivally. The working tip of a curette is more slender than that of a scaler.

2008, Cecilia Gorrel, Small Animal Dentistry, Elsevier (Saunders), page 223:

Beginning in the 1880s, the curette quickly became the popular choice for those doctors on the lookout for instrumental aid in cases of pregnancy loss.

2019, Shannon Withycombe, Lost: Miscarriage in Nineteenth-Century America, Rutgers University Press, unnumbered page:

2020, Yu Matsumoto, 10: Bone Curette Handle for Improved Bone Removal in Endoscopic Ear Surgery, Seiji Kakehata, Tsukasa Ito, Daisuke Yamauchi (editors), Innovations in Endoscopic Ear Surgery, Springer, page 86,
Curettes with an octagonal-shaped shaft are readily available and widely distributed in Japan.

(medicine, dentistry) A hand-held surgical instrument, often with a scoop or hook at its tip, used for cleaning or debriding biological tissue.

مِجْرَفة

surgical instrument used for cleaning tissue


puss

en-noun

puss (countable and uncountable, plural pusses)

Probably from Middle Low German pūs, pūskatte or Dutch poes (“puss, cat”, slang for “vulva”), ultimately from a common Germanic word for cat, perhaps ultimately imitative of a sound made to get its attention (compare Arabic بسة (bissa)).
Akin to West Frisian poes, Low German Puus, Puuskatte, Danish pus, dialectal Swedish kattepus, Norwegian pus.
Found also in several other European, North African and Asian languages; compare Romanian pisică, Persian پیشی (piši), Tamil பூசை (pūcai), Tagalog pusa
and Sardinian pisittu.

onomatopoeic

imitative

(vulgar, slang) The vulva (female genitalia).


cochlea

Borrowed from Latin cochlea (“a snail”), from Ancient Greek κόχλιας (kókhlias, “a snail with a spiral shell”).

der

(anatomy) The complex, spirally coiled, tapered cavity of the inner ear of higher vertebrates, which contains the organ of Corti and in which sound vibrations are converted into nerve impulses.


attrition

en-noun

attrition (countable and uncountable, plural attritions)

15th century, from Middle English attricion, attricioun, from Middle French attricion, attrition and its etymon, Latin attrītiō (“a rubbing against”), from the verb attrītus, past participle of atterō (“to wear”), from ad- (“to, towards”) + terō (“to rub”). By surface analysis, attrit + -ion.

(dentistry) The wearing of teeth due to their grinding.


pulmonary

Borrowed from Latin pulmōnārius (“of the lungs”), from pulmō (“lung”) + -ārius, from Proto-Indo-European *pléu-mon-. Cognate with Greek πλεμόνι (plemóni), French poumon, Lithuanian plauciai, Polish płuco and Russian пла́вать (plávatʹ, “to swim”).

(anatomy) Pertaining to, having, or affecting the lungs.


sympathetic

en-adj

sympathetic (comparative more sympathetic, superlative most sympathetic)

more sympathetic (comparative)
most sympathetic (superlative)

Mid 17th century in the sense “relating to an affinity or paranormal influence”, from Latin sympathēticus. By surface analysis, sympathy + -etic (“pertaining to”); compare pathetic. Displaced native Old English efnþrōwiende.

съчувствен

of, related to, showing, or characterized by sympathy

симпатичен

of a person: attracting the liking of others

Sympathetic innervation involves epinephrine.

It was suggested that adrenaline might act at the junction of sympathetic nerves and the effector organs, and that adrenaline might be released at sympathetic nerve endings.

1967, Leslie L. Iversen, The Uptake and Storage of Noradrenaline in Sympathetic Nerves, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 23:

(neuroanatomy, neurology, relational) Relating to or denoting the part of the autonomic nervous system consisting of nerves arising from ganglia near the middle part of the spinal cord, supplying the internal organs, blood vessels, and glands, and balancing the action of the parasympathetic nerves.

交感的

relating to part of the autonomic nervous system


tubercle

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tubercle.wav

tubercle

wartlike protuberance on the roots of some plants

(anatomy) A round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth, especially those found on bones for the attachment of a muscle or ligament or small elevations on the surface of a tooth.

(botany) A small rounded wartlike protuberance of the roots of some leguminous plants; the lip of certain orchids, cacti.

(pathology) A small rounded nodule forming the characteristic lesion of tuberculosis.


gomphosis

From Ancient Greek γόμφος (gómphos, “peg”) + -osis.

(anatomy) A type of fibrous, immovable joint such as the one between the teeth and the alveolar bone.


tooth fairy

/ˈtuːθ ˌfɛə̯ɹi/

/ˈtuθ ˌfɛə̯ɹi/

Anna was concerned that telling her child about the tooth fairy, Santa Claus and the Easter Bunny would cause him to believe his mother was a liar later in life.

A figure of modern myth said to give children a small amount of money (or sometimes a present) in exchange for a milk tooth when it falls out of a child's mouth.

tandemuis

figure of modern myth said to give children a small amount of money in exchange for a milk tooth


sinus

Learned borrowing from Latin sinus (“a bent surface, curve, hollow”). Doublet of sine.

lbor

(anatomy, zootomy) A pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities (the paranasal sinus).

sinus

(anatomy) An irregular venous or lymphatic cavity, reservoir, or dilated vessel.

(physiology, attributive) Relating to or denoting the sinoatrial node of the heart or its function of regulating the heartbeat.


tea bag

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tea bag.wav

Making a cup of tea wasn’t an easy task in this household. The kettle had been taken away by the hard-faced men, and the family were too poor to afford tea bags or milk.

2017, David Walliams [pseudonym; David Edward Williams], “All Bag and No Tea”, in Bad Dad, London: HarperCollins Children’s Books, →ISBN, page 99:


tea bag

en-verb

tea bag (third-person singular simple present tea bags, present participle tea bagging, simple past and past participle tea bagged)

tea bags (present singular third-person)
tea bagging (participle present)
tea bagged (participle past)
tea bagged (past)


dental floss

en-noun

dental floss (usually uncountable, plural dental flosses)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-dental floss.wav

A cord of thin filaments used to clean the gaps between the teeth.


superior vena cava

superior vena cava (plural superior venae cavae or superior vena cavas)

superior venae cavae (plural)
superior vena cavas (plural)

(anatomy) The large vein which returns blood from the head, neck, thorax and both upper limbs to the right atrium of the heart.


inferior vena cava

inferior vena cava (plural inferior venae cavae)

(anatomy) The large vein which returns blood from the lower extremities, and the pelvic and abdominal organs, to the right atrium of the heart.


lactation

lactation (countable and uncountable, plural lactations)

Borrowed from Latin lactātiō, lactātiōnis. Equivalent to lactate + -ion.

The period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young; lactation period.


coeliac

From Latin coeliacus, from Ancient Greek κοιλιακός (koiliakós), from κοιλία (koilía, “belly”). By surface analysis, coel- + -i- + -ac. Cognate with coelom.

Next remove the middle portion of the lesser omentum, and feel for the coeliac axis.

1838, William James Erasmus Wilson, Practical and Surgical Anatomy, page 350:

The coeliac plexus is formed by the two interconnecting coeliac ganglia which lie either side of the coeliac artery.

2002, Colin Pinnock, Ted Lin, Tim Smith, Fundamentals of Anaesthesia, page 218:

The coeliac ganglia lie on each side of the coeliac trunk.

2010, Robert H. Whitaker, Neil R. Borley, Instant Anatomy, page 85:

(anatomy) Relating to the abdomen, or to the cavity of the abdomen.


jugular vein

(anatomy) Any of several veins on each side of the neck, which drain the brain, face and neck of deoxygenated blood.


vena cava

vena cava (plural venae cavae or vena cavas)

venae cavae (plural)
vena cavas (plural)

(anatomy) Either of the two large veins that take oxygen depleted blood, from the upper body and from the lower body, and return it to the right atrium of the heart.

holle ader

large vein that returns blood into right atrium


tuppence

tuppence (countable and uncountable, plural tuppences)

By surface analysis, two + pence, collective plural of penny.
Same for the definition: "Short for tuppence worth (“one’s opinion”)." however, this idiom is derived from this fact; in Britain it used to cost two pence ("tuppence") to post a letter, usually holding one's opinion.

short for

Milk has gone up to tuppence ha’penny a pint.

In less than four days twenty-three men had paid their tuppences to Henery, who ’ad been made the seckitary.

1909, W. W. Jacobs, “Prize Money,”, in Sailor's Knots:

‘Miss Brindle rich?’ said Aunt Maggie. ‘Bless you, she hasn’t tuppence to rub together.’

1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published 1993, →ISBN, page 11:

(UK, Ireland, informal, dated) Two pence (in pre- or post-decimalisation currency).

(UK, Ireland, idiomatic) Short for tuppence worth (“one’s opinion”).

"Fucksticks!" When some smart-arse bastard gives me my comeuppance / "Fucksticks!" When it’s ages since I’ve seen a lady’s tuppence

2011, Kunt and the Gang, Fucksticks (song)

The lady confided to the nurse helping her up off the examination couch, and told her “He put his hand up me funnel and made me tuppence bleed!”

2012, Richard Johns, Diagnosis of the Soul: The Long Road to the Beginning:

(UK, Ireland, slang, euphemistic, usually childish) The vulva or vagina.


incisor

Borrowing from New Latin incīsor, from incīdō (“to cut into, cut through”) + -tor (“-er, -or”, agent noun suffix).

af

(anatomy, zootomy) A narrow-edged tooth at the front of the mouth of mammals, between the canines and adapted for cutting; in humans there are four in each jaw.


vermiform appendix

en-noun

vermiform appendix (plural vermiform appendices or vermiform appendixes)

vermiform appendices (plural)
vermiform appendixes (plural)

(anatomy) An organ consisting of a blind tube projecting from the caecum. Of disputed function (if any), it is known for sometimes causing inflammation (appendicitis) in humans.

རྒྱུ་ལྷག (rgyu lhag, literally “leftover intestine”)


baby tooth

a tooth which will be replaced as a child ages, as opposed to an adult permanent tooth; a milk tooth


thyroid gland

From New Latin glandula thyreoidea, coined by Thomas Wharton in 1656.

(anatomy) A large butterfly-shaped endocrine gland situated on the front of the neck that produces various hormones.


teething troubles

A reference to teething (“the eruption, through the gums, of the milk teeth”) and the accompanying discomfort, which occur during early life.

No doubt the new form of drive will have its teething troubles and this may be expected; but even if each ship manages to unload one cargo where it is badly needed and then it is beached, mechanical troubles will be comparatively unimportant provided all the crew are safe.

1941 October, “Novel Armed Freighter Adopted by Navy”, in T. Orchard Lisle, editor, The Log, volume 36, number 13, San Francisco, Calif.: Miller Freeman, Inc., →OCLC, page 58, column 1:

But we think that, for something which is so new, it is far better and easier for them to recoup if it is only a 16,000 run. If it is up in the millions it is a bigger problem, and it is far better to get your teething troubles out of the way on a smaller one.

1961 October 16, R. Emerick, “Mr. R. Emerick, Mr. S. Clegg, Mr. T. Warburton, on Behalf of the Amalgamated Society of Lithographic Printers”, in Royal Commission on the Press: Minutes of Oral Evidence […] (Cmnd. 1812), volumes II (Witnesses: Trades Unions and Associations, […]), London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, published September 1962, →OCLC, paragraph 9041, page 25:

He admitted that in their early days these units suffered a number of teething troubles, which, he said, "one may now look back upon with some wonder", as their causes were not hard to find.

1961 November, “Talking of Trains: Diesel performance improving”, in Trains Illustrated, page 642:

They have survived four nights in the forest, and after a few teething troubles they are getting on surprisingly well.

2015, Paula Lichtarowicz, “The Nice New Brotherhood and Sisterhood of Ape-ish Folk”, in Creative Truths in Provincial Policing, paperback edition, London: Windmill Books, Penguin Random House, →ISBN, page 293:

He was on his way to Cleveland, Ohio to visit the steelworks there, review their working practices and sort out any problems. He knew there would be some, they had recently installed a new casting system that he had helped to develop, and the plant back home had experienced some teething troubles.

2015, Liz Vincent, chapter 14, in Meddling Mother Madge + Dutiful Daughter Alice = Malice, Kibworth Beauchamp, Leicestershire: Matador, →ISBN, page 135:

Teething troubles with software forced the brief return of the old Class 507/508 stock at the beginning of March, but the issues are understood to have been quickly resolved.

2023 March 22, “Network News: New Class 777s make inroads on Merseyside”, in RAIL, number 979, page 12:

(idiomatic) Problems that are to be expected with any new and untried product, system, or venture.

dětské nemoci

problems that are expected with any new and untried product, venture, etc.


unibrow

Actually - the unibrow look was never in.

2008, Insults and Comebacks, Venice, California: Knock Knock, page 24:

A pair of eyebrows which meet in the middle.


exocrine gland

(anatomy) Any of various glands which secrete via a duct, typically into the digestive tract or onto the skin.


endocrine gland

endocrine gland (plural endocrine glands)

An endocrine gland is one that secretes its products directly into the bloodstream.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 166:

(anatomy) Any of various glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood or lymph and not through a duct.

glàndula endocrina

any of various glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood or lymph and not through a duct


sphincter

Etymology tree
Late Latin sphinctērlbor.
English sphincter
Learned borrowing from Late Latin sphinctēr (“the muscle of the anus”), from Ancient Greek σφῐγκτήρ (sphĭnktḗr, “lace, band; contractile muscle”), ultimately of Pre-Greek origin. Possibly related to sphinx (“the strangler”).

der

the sphincter of the bladder

the iris sphincter in the eye

She decided that she would force him to climax first by the sheer strength of her young animal control, the strength of her sphincters […]

1982, Lawrence Durrell, Constance (The Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber, page 836:

(anatomy) A ringlike band of muscle that surrounds a bodily opening (such as the anus or the openings of the stomach), constricting and relaxing as required for normal physiological functioning.


parathyroid gland

en-noun

parathyroid gland (plural parathyroid glands)

(anatomy) Any one of four endocrine glands situated in the neck, usually within a thyroid gland, which produce parathyroid hormone.

qalxanabənzər ətraf vəziləri

any one of four endocrine glands situated in the neck


peritoneum

peritoneum (plural peritoneums or peritonea)

From Latin peritonaeum, from Ancient Greek περιτόναιον (peritónaion), from περιτόναιος (peritónaios, “stretched or strained over”).

(anatomy) In mammals, the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and that is folded over the viscera.


rennet

rennet (countable and uncountable, plural rennets)

From Middle English rennet, from Old English *rynnet, *ġerynnet, from Proto-West Germanic *garunniþu (“coagulation, curdling, rennet”), cognate with Old Saxon girunnida (“a running together, coagulation”), Old High German girunnida (“rennet, coagulation”), Middle High German gerinnede (“that which is curdled”).
Compare also Middle English renelesse, renels, renlys, rendlys (“rennet”), Middle Dutch rinsel, runsel (“rennet”), Middle English irennen (“to curdle; to run”), Old English ġerennan (“to coagulate”), Old High German girunst (“rennet”), German gerinnen (“to coagulate; congeal”).

cog

An enzyme used as the first step in making cheese, to curdle the milk and coagulate the casein in it, derived by soaking the fourth stomach of a milk-fed calf in brine.


adrenal gland

(anatomy) In mammals, either of a pair of complex endocrine glands, situated above each kidney, secreting hormones which control the heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism.

մակերիկամ

endocrine gland situated above the kidney

adrenal körtel

only ever used within the medical profession, never to patients


parathyroid

(anatomy) Situated near the thyroid gland.

(anatomy) Pertaining to the parathyroid glands or their extracts.

paratiroïdal

pertaining to the parathyroid glands or their extracts


toothless

en-adj

toothless (comparative more toothless, superlative most toothless)

more toothless (comparative)
most toothless (superlative)

From Middle English totheles, toþeles, from Old English tōþlēas, from Proto-Germanic *tanþlausaz (“toothless”), equivalent to tooth + -less. Cognate with Dutch tandeloos (“toothless”), German Low German tannlos (“toothless”), German zahnlos (“toothless”), Danish tandløs (“toothless”), Swedish tandlös (“toothless”), Icelandic tannlaus (“toothless”).

a toothless old man

She goes on to explain the difficulty she's having getting visas for Lawrence and for Robert, the 14-year-old who is her older brother and is, amazingly, the last child of the toothless tiny woman who buzzes around us. (I find out later that she is only in her mid-fifties.)

1983 December 24, Andrea Loewenstein, “"What's Freedom Without Food In Your Stomach?" -- A Trip to Haiti”, in Gay Community News, volume 11, number 23, page 8:


serous membrane

en-noun

serous membrane (plural serous membranes)

(anatomy) A thin membrane that secretes serum and lines certain internal body cavities.

漿膜 /浆膜

thin membrane that secretes serum in body cavity


puppy fat

"I was not pudding-faced!" "Oh, believe me, you were! You hadn't lost your puppy-fat."

1972, Georgette Heyer, Lady Of Quality, London: The Bodley Head, page 87:

(informal) The natural fat on the body of a child that normally disappears at adolescence.

胖嘟嘟 (pàngdūdū) (no equivalent exists; lit. "fat in a cute way")


MAO

monoamine oxidase
monoamine oxidase#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of monoamine oxidase.


thyroid

Borrowed from New Latin thyreoīdēs, from Ancient Greek θῠρεοειδής (thŭreoeidḗs, “shield-shaped”), from θῠρεός (thŭreós, “oblong shield”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-form, -like”).

af

(anatomy) Of, relating to, or being the thyroid cartilage.

(anatomy) Of, relating to, or being the thyroid gland.

a thyroid personality

Suggestive of a disordered thyroid gland.


thyroid

thyroid cartilage
thyroid cartilage#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of thyroid cartilage.

Israel is one of the few countries that widely fluoridates, besides the United States, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and Australia. Fluoridation, the addition of fluoride to public drinking water supplies to reduce cavities, is the subject of intense controversy, especially outside of the United States. But opposition to the practice, on the grounds that fluoride has adverse effects on the thyroid, brain and bones, and is an unethical form of mass-medication, appears to be growing.

2013 August 9, Douglas Main, “Israel Outlaws Water Fluoridation”, in Live Science, retrieved 2013-09-30:

(medicine) An extract prepared from the thyroid gland of animals and used in treating deficiency of thyroid hormones.


dink

Origin unknown. Attested since the 1960s. Compare Chink, a derogatory term for a Chinese person.

unknown

Origin unknown

Our job was to go out on night patrols and stay behind to zap any dinks we caught sneaking back to their holes at dawn.

1989, Craig Roberts, Charles W. Sasser, The Walking Dead: A Marine's Story of Vietnam, page 197:

(US, military slang, derogatory, dated) A North Vietnamese soldier.


endocardium

en-noun

endocardium (plural endocardiums or endocardia)

endocardiums (plural)
endocardia (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-endocardium.wav

(anatomy, cardiology) A thin serous membrane that lines the interior of the heart.


pineal gland

From pineal + gland, from its pine-cone shape.

(anatomy, neuroanatomy) A small, pinecone-shaped endocrine gland found near the centre of the brain that produces melatonin.


pericardium

pericardium (plural pericardia or pericardiums)

pericardia (plural)
pericardiums (plural)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek περικάρδιον (perikárdion).

lbor

The Pericardium is sometimes swelled, as overcharged with too great a quantity of Serous Liquor, making a kind of Dropsie […]

1685, Samuel Collins, “Of the Diseases of the Pericardium, and their Cures”, in The Second Volume, containing The Parts of the Middle and Highest Apartiment of Man's Body (And other Animals):

(anatomy, cardiology) A serous membrane that surrounds the heart allowing it to contract.


conjunctiva

en-noun

conjunctiva (plural conjunctivas or conjunctivae)

conjunctivas (plural)
conjunctivae (plural)

From 1540s late Middle English, borrowing from Medieval Latin conjūnctīva (“serving to connect, connective”, feminine), ellipsis of membrāna conjūnctīva (“conjunctive membrane”).

ellipsis

There is a third inner eyelid, highly developed and of beautiful mechanism: this is the nictitating membrane, or "winker" (nictito, I wink), a delicate, elastic, translucent, pearly-white fold of the conjunctiva. While the other lids move vertically and have a horizontal commissure, the winker sweeps horizontally or obliquely across the ball, from the side next the beak to the opposite.

1884, Elliott Coues, “§ 4.—An Introduction to the Anatomy of Birds.”, in Key to North American Birds. […], 2nd edition, Boston, Mass.: Estes and Lauriat, →OCLC, part II (General Ornithology), page 180:

(anatomy) A clear mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and the exposed surface of the eyeball or sclera.


sudor

(physiology) Sweat; the salty fluid excreted by the sweat glands.


mucous membrane

en-noun

mucous membrane (plural mucous membranes)

(anatomy) A membrane which secretes mucus. It forms the lining of various body passages that communicate with the air, such as the respiratory, genitourinary, and alimentary tracts including the mouth, nasal passages, vagina, and urethra.


trypsin

trypsin (countable and uncountable, plural trypsins)

From Ancient Greek τρῖψις (trîpsis, “rubbing”) + -in, since the substance was first found on rubbing down the pancreas with glycerine.

af

(biochemistry) A digestive enzyme that cleaves peptide bonds (a serine protease)


glume

From Latin gluma (“husk of grain”). The root can also be seen in glubere (“to peel”).

[T]he glume in some alpine grasses, and the scales of the ament in the salix rosea, rose-willow, grow into leaves; and produce other kinds of monsters.

1789, Erasmus Darwin, The Loves of the Plants, J. Johnson, page 9:

(botany) A basal, membranous, outer sterile husk or bract in the flowers of grasses (Poaceae) and sedges (Cyperaceae).


involucre

Borrowed from French involucre, from Latin involūcrum (“wrapper”). Doublet of involucrum.

(botany) Conspicuous bract, bract pair or ring of bracts at the base of an inflorescence.


floss

en-noun

floss (countable and uncountable, plural flosses)

Uncertain. Perhaps from Middle English *flos (attested in Middle English Flosmonger (a surname)), related to English fleece. Alternatively from French floche (“tuft of wool”), from floc, from Old French flosche (“down, velvet”), from Latin floccus (“piece of wool”), probably from Frankish *flokkō (“down, wool, flock”), from Proto-Germanic *flukkô (“down, piece of wool, flock”), from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“hair, fibres, tuft”).
Cognate with Old High German flocko (“down”), Middle Dutch vlocke (“flock”), Norwegian dialectal flugsa (“snowflake”), Dutch flos (“plush”) (tr=17c.).

der

A thread used to clean the gaps between the teeth.

خَيْط أَسْنَان

a thread used to clean the gaps between the teeth

(British) Spun sugar or cotton candy, especially in the phrase "candy floss".

A dance move in which the dancer repeatedly swings their arms, with clenched fists, from the back of their body to the front, on each side.


floss

en-verb

floss (third-person singular simple present flosses, present participle flossing, simple past and past participle flossed)

flosses (present singular third-person)
flossing (participle present)
flossed (participle past)
flossed (past)

(intransitive) To perform the floss dance move.


floss

Origin obscure. Perhaps of North Germanic origin. Compare Norwegian flos, flus (“rind, scale, strip peeled off”).

unk

obscure

Juncus effusus
Juncus effusus#Translingual

(Northern England, Scotland) The common rush (Juncus effusus).


lymphatic system

en-noun

lymphatic system (plural lymphatic systems)

(anatomy) In mammals, including humans, a network of lymph vessels and lymph nodes that transport fluid, fats, proteins, and lymphocytes to the bloodstream as lymph, and remove microorganisms and other debris from tissues.

جِهَاز لِمْفَاوِيّ

network of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes


lymph node

(anatomy, immunology) Each of the small oval bodies of the lymphatic system, distributed along the lymphatic vessels, that are clustered in the armpits, groin, neck, chest and abdomen. They act as filters, with an internal honeycomb of connective tissue filled with lymphocytes and macrophages that collect and destroy bacteria, viruses and foreign matter from lymph. When the body is fighting an infection, these lymphocytes multiply rapidly and produce a characteristic swelling of the lymph nodes.

عُقْدَة لِمْفَاوِيَّة

filtrating oval bodies of the lymphatic system


perianth

From French périanthe, from New Latin perianthium.

Archegonia are surrounded early in their development by the juvenile perianth, through the slender beak of which the elongated neck of the fertilized archegonium protrudes.

1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 5:

(botany, bryology) The sterile, tubelike tissue that surrounds the female reproductive structure in a leafy liverwort.


pitcher

From Middle English picher, from Old French pichier, pechier (“small jug”), bichier (compare modern French pichet), from Late Latin or Medieval Latin pīcārium, alteration of bīcārium, itself possibly from bacarium, bacar or from Ancient Greek βῖκος (bîkos). Doublet of beaker.

the pitcher goes so often to the well that it is broken at last

(botany) A tubular or cuplike appendage or expansion of the leaves of certain plants. See pitcher plant.


stipule

From French, from Latin stipula (“stalk (of hay), straw”).

(botany) A basal appendage of a typical leaf of a flowering plant, usually appearing paired beside the petiole although sometimes absent or highly modified.


eye socket

(anatomy, ophthalmology) The bony cavity which contains the eyeball and its associated muscles, vessels, and nerves. In humans, seven bones make up each bony orbit.


lymphatic

en-adj

lymphatic (comparative more lymphatic, superlative most lymphatic)

more lymphatic (comparative)
most lymphatic (superlative)

(anatomy) Pertaining to lymph or the lymphatic system.


lymphatic

(anatomy) A vessel that transports lymph.


oviduct

Borrowed from New Latin oviductus. By surface analysis, ovi- + -duct.

(anatomy, typically used in zoology) A duct through which an ovum passes from an ovary to the uterus or to the exterior.


Fallopian tube

Early 18th century: from Fallopius (“latinized form of the name of Gabriele Falloppio (1523 – October 9, 1562), the Italian anatomist and physician who first described them”) + -an + tube.

suf

(anatomy) Either of the two ducts through which ova pass from the ovaries to the uterus.

Müllerian duct - embryological precursor


AV

AV block; AV node

(anatomy, medicine) Initialism of atrioventricular.

AV anastomosis; AV fistula

(anatomy, medicine) Initialism of arteriovenous.


toothpick

A small, usually wooden, stick, often pointed at both ends, for removing food residue from between the teeth.

عُود تَخْلِيل أَسْنَان

stick for removing food residue from the area between the teeth


cunny

en-adj

cunny (comparative more cunny, superlative most cunny)

more cunny (comparative)
most cunny (superlative)

Nevertheless, she was a "cunny Jamaican woman" who knew 'what side her bread was buttered on.'

2000, Donna Maxine Weir, Beyond Binaries: Creolized Forms of Resistance in African-American and Caribbean Literatures, page 175:


paries

Borrowed from Latin pariēs (“wall of a house or room”). Compare French paroi (“wall”), Italian parete (“wall”), Portuguese parede (“wall”) Spanish pared (“wall”) and Romanian perete (“wall”).

bor

(anatomy) The wall of any cavity in the body.


solar plexus

en-noun

solar plexus (plural solar plexus or solar plexuses)

solar plexus (plural)
solar plexuses (plural)

(anatomy) A complex network of nerves and ganglia, located within the abdomen behind the stomach.

слънчево сплетение

a complex network of nerves and ganglia, located within the abdomen behind the stomach


horsehair

horsehair (countable and uncountable, plural horsehairs)

From Middle English hors her, horshere, hors-here, hors heer (also hors-hore), equivalent to horse + hair. Compare Old Norse hross-hár (“horsehair”).

The hair of a horse, especially from the mane and tail, used for upholstery.


receptacle

From Middle English receptacle, from Anglo-Norman receptacle and Middle French receptacle (“organ containing a fluid; gathering place; water basin”) (modern French réceptacle), from Latin receptāculum (“animal enclosure, container, place of refuge, receptacle, repository, reservoir, shelter”), from receptāre (“to harbour, to receive, to shelter”) or receptō (“I receive back or again, I recover”), frequentative of recipiō (“I receive; I hold back, I reserve”) (from re- (“back, again”) + capiō (“I hold”)) + -culum (suffix forming nouns from verbs, particularly nouns representing tools and instruments); cognate with Italian recettaculo, ricettaculo, Portuguese receptáculo, Spanish receptáculo.

der

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

The form of the flower is highly dependent on the structure of the receptacle, even though this may not always be obvious externally. The receptacle is also called the floral axis, or it is sometimes called the torus, which may be translated as "swelling". These expressions per se imply that, although in the majority of cases the receptacle is greatly reduced, it is frequently thickened in a capitate form or broadened into a definitely disc-like shape.

1992, F[ocko] Weberling, “Morphology of Flowers”, in R. J. Pankhurst, transl., Morphology of Flowers and Inflorescences, 1st paperback edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 19:

A basic flower […] has four series of parts arranged in concentric whorls (or rings) on the receptacle, which is the name given to the expanded end of the pedicel (flower stalk).

2003, Ian Clarke, Helen Lee, “The Structure of Flowers”, in Name that Flower: The Identification of Flowering Plants, 2nd edition, Carlton, Vic.: Melbourne University Press, Melbourne University Publishing, →ISBN, page 7:

(botany) The part of the flower stalk (peduncle or pedicel) to which the floral parts are attached; a thalamus, a torus.

All flowers in a head share a common receptacle. The receptacle may be flat or convex. It may bear tiny scales called paleae. The paleae of a receptacle are referred to as chaff. Receptacles without paleae are said to be epaleate or naked. When the paleae are shed, they may leave either a smooth or a pitted receptacle. Occasionally, hairs, scales, or bristles may also be present on the receptacle.

2015, Robert H. Mohlenbrock, “Descriptions and Illustrations”, in Flowering Plants: Asteraceae, Part I (The Illustrated Flora of Illinois), Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press, →ISBN, page 7:

A condensed rachis of a capitate or umbellate inflorescence at the end of the peduncle, to which all of the florets or pedicels are attached.

Plants all marine, of an olive-brown or olive-green colour, becoming black on exposure to air; […] Frutification, tubercles contained in distinct receptacles, or embedded in the frond, and containing dark-coloured seeds surrounded with a pellucid limbus, which escape by a terminal pore.

1830, Robert Kaye Greville, “Order I.—FUCOIDEÆ.”, in Algæ Britannicæ, or Descriptions of the Marine and Other Inarticulated Plants of the British Islands, Belonging to the Order Algæ; with Plates Illustrative of the Genera, Edinburgh: Maclachlan & Stewart, Edinburgh; and Baldwin & Cradock, London, →OCLC, page 1:

In addition to gas bladders, the thallus of reproductive rockweed, Fucus, has inflated tips called receptacles. The small bumps on the surface of each receptacle are conceptacles, chambers within which the gametangia grow.

2013, George Karleskint, Jr., Richard Turner, James W. Small, Jr., “Multicellular Primary Producers”, in Introduction to Marine Biology, 4th edition, Belmont, Calif.: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning, →ISBN, figure 7-12 caption, page 170:

(phycology) A structure at the end of a branch of an alga containing conceptacles (reproductive organs).

(zoology) An organ that receives and holds a secretion.


friseur

From French friseur, from friser (“to curl, frizz”).

As for poor Owen, could the bob-wig which he then wore have uncurled itself, and stood on end with horror, I am convinced the morning's labour of the friseur would have been undone, merely by the excess of his astonishment at this enormity.

1817 December 31 (indicated as 1818), [Walter Scott], chapter II, in Rob Roy. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 35:


peroxide blonde

en-noun

peroxide blonde (plural peroxide blondes)

Coordinate term: peroxide blond

A person, especially a woman, who bleaches their hair extremely white-blonde.


pinna

From Latin pinna (“dorsal fin; wing, feather”). Doublet of pen, penna, and panne.

der

Meronyms: antihelix, antitragus, concha, helix, tragus

(anatomy, zoology) The visible part of the ear in most therians that resides outside of the head, the auricle; outer ear excluding the ear canal.

(botany) A leaflet or primary segment of a pinnate compound leaf.

Fiederblatt

(zoology) A feather, wing, fin, or other similar appendage.


philtrum

Borrowed from the Latin philtrum (“a love potion”), from Ancient Greek φῐ́λτρον (phĭ́ltron, “a love charm; the dimple in the upper lip”). Doublet of philter.

bor

Oral intercommissural distance (mouth width) and philtrum length are useful measurements for diagnosis of wide or large mouth (macrostomia), small mouth (microstomia), long philtrum and short philtrum and form ‘good handles’ in syndromic delineation.

2005, M. L. Kulkarni, Physical Examination of Children (Clinical Methods in Paediatrics; 2B), India: Jaypee Brothers, page 142:

Upper lip reconstruction is more difficult than lower lip reconstruction because the upper lip has a central structure, the philtrum.[…]Wounds adjacent to the philtrum that are closed primarily may shift the philtrum to the affected side. However, with time, the philtrum will tend to return to its midline position.

2007, Loren J. Borud, Arin K. Greene, “Chapter 24: Lip Reconstruction”, in Josef E. Fischer, Kirby I. Bland, Mark P. Callery, editors, Mastery of Surgery, 5th edition, volume 1, page 301, column 3:

If the philtrum is long and deep, then these people are very romantic, sexual, lively and friendly.

2011, Hrishikesh Dubey, Mysteries of Vedic Face Reading, Categorization of the Philtrum According to Its Length:

(anatomy) The shallow vertical groove running from the nasal septum to the center of the upper lip.


dumb blonde

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Have you found the canonical list of dumb blonde jokes on the Internet yet?

My friends say she's a dumb blonde but they don't know she dyes her hair.

(derogatory) A common stereotype of a blonde as a woman with low intelligence.


proboscis

en-noun

proboscis (plural proboscises or proboscides or probosces)

proboscises (plural)
proboscides (plural)
probosces (plural)

From Latin proboscis, from Ancient Greek προβοσκίς (proboskís, “elephant's trunk”) literally "means for taking food," from προ- (pro-, “before”) + βόσκω (bóskō, “to nourish, feed”), from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷeh₃- from which also comes βοτάνη (botánē, “grass, fodder”).

affix

Unlike the proboscides of Lower brachyceran lineages, which are continuous with the head capsule and tend to dangle (Matsuda 1965), the proboscides of most cyclorrhaphan species are suspended by a membranous region and divided into three functional parts: the basiproboscis (rostrum), medioproboscis (haustellum), and distiproboscis (labellum), each of which is defined by internal muscles but also shares muscles with the other regions (Graham-Smith 1930; Lall and Davies 1971).

2012, Brian Wiegmann, The Evolutionary Biology of Flies, page 225:

(anatomy) An elongated tube from the head or connected to the mouth, of an animal.

(entomology, malacology) The tubular feeding and sucking organ of certain invertebrates like insects, worms and molluscs.


vitreous humour

en-noun

vitreous humour (plural vitreous humours)

(ophthalmology, British, Canada) The clear gel that fills the eyeball between the lens and the retina.


cerebrum

Inherited from Middle English cerebrum, from Latin cerebrum (“a brain; a skull”); see there for more.

Holonym: forebrain

(neuroanatomy) The principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, which is located in the front area of the skull and divided into two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. In humans it is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for the integration of complex sensory functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity, and the higher mental functions such as consciousness, thought, reason, emotion, and memory.


potbelly

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A large, protruding, or swollen abdomen; a paunch.

Vietnamese pot-bellied pig
Vietnamese pot-bellied pig#English

(informal) Short for Vietnamese pot-bellied pig.


ansa

Borrowed from Latin ānsa (“a handle, haft”).


plexus

plexus (plural plexuses or plexus or plexi)

plexuses (plural)
plexus (plural)
plexi (plural)

Borrowed from Latin plexus (“a twining, plaiting, braid”).

bor

I have the sensation of being immersed in the very plexus of life, focal from whatever place, position or attitude I take my stance.

1934, Henry Miller, Tropic of Cancer, Grove Press, published 1961:

(anatomy) A network of anastomosing or interwoven nerves, blood vessels, or lymphatic vessels.


floater

From float + -er (suffix forming agent nouns).

kelluja

person who physically floats in a gas or liquid

kelluva esine

thing which physically floats in a gas or liquid

leijuri

thing which moves from place to place, as if floating

(figurative) A person without a fixed or lasting affiliation, position, or role.

(US) A person who votes illegally in various electoral districts or polling places, either under a false voter registration or under the name of a properly registered voter who has not yet voted.


ligule

(botany) A portion of a leaf found at the base of the petiole, when present.

(botany) In many grasses (Poaceae) and some sedges (Cyperaceae), the membranous appendage or ring of hairs projecting from the inner side of a leaf at the junction between the blade and the sheath.


nervous system

Meronyms: brain, brainstem, ganglion, nerve, spinal cord

Sudden anger rose in him. “What I’m looking for,” he barked, “is to be left in peace.” His voice trembled with a rage far bigger than her intrusion merited, the rage which shocked him whenever it coursed through his nervous system, like a flood.

2001, Salman Rushdie, Fury: A Novel, London: Jonathan Cape, →ISBN, page 5:

Biotics manipulate mass effect fields using dozens of element zero nodules within their nervous system that react to electric stimuli from the brain. Amplifiers allow biotics to synchronize the nodules so they can form fields large and strong enough for practical use.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Biotics: Biotic Amps Codex entry:

An organ system whose principal constituent is nervous tissue that coordinates the activities of muscles, monitors organs, constructs and processes data received from the senses, and initiates actions.

جِهَاز عَصَبِيّ

system which coordinates the activity of the body


central nervous system

en-noun

central nervous system (plural central nervous systems)

(neuroanatomy) In vertebrates, that part of the nervous system comprising the brain, brainstem and spinal cord.


caudex

From Latin caudex (“tree trunk”, “tree stem”); compare codex.

uder

(botany) An enlargement of the stem, branch or root of a woody plant, usually serving to store water.


chorion

From Late Latin chorion, from Ancient Greek χόριον (khórion, “membrane surrounding the fetus, afterbirth”).

der

2002, Rovert E. A. Stewart, Barbara E. Stewart, Female Reproductive Systems, entry in Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, page 425,
The allantois fuses with the chorion, forming a small round area, the allentochorion. This region becomes the placenta (Fig. 3).

In this illustration, some license is taken, since the amnion is shown as still separate from the chorion; this is done to illustrate the process of apposition of the amniotic sac to the chorion and to accentuate the interposition of the yolk sac between the amnion and the chorion.

2006, Ona Marie Faye-Petersen, Debra S. Heller, Vijay V. Joshi, Handbook Of Placental Pathology, page 4:

The amnion and chorion begin to develop soon after fertilization and continue to grow until about 28 weeks′ gestation.

2007, Susan Tucker Blackburn, Maternal, Fetal, & Neonatal Physiology: A Clinical Perspective, page 106:

(anatomy, biology) The protective and nutritive membrane in higher vertebrates that attaches the fetus to the uterus.

suonikalvo

one of the membranes surrounding a fetus


autonomic nervous system

en-noun

autonomic nervous system (plural autonomic nervous systems)

(neuroanatomy) In humans and other vertebrates, the part of the nervous system that regulates the involuntary activity of the heart, intestines and glands. These activities include digestion, respiration, perspiration, metabolism, and the modulation of blood pressure.


autonomic

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(neuroanatomy, neurology) Pertaining to the autonomic nervous system.

autonomiczny

pertaining to the autonomic nervous system


peripheral nervous system

peripheral nervous system (plural peripheral nervous systems)

central nervous system
central nervous system

(neuroanatomy) The part of the nervous system which is not the central nervous system.


spinal cord

(anatomy) A thick, whitish cord of nerve tissue which is a major part of the vertebrate central nervous system. It extends from the brain stem down through the spine, with nerves branching off to various parts of the body.

龍骨髓 /龙骨髓

lêng-kut-chhóe, lêng-kut-chhé, liông-kut-chhóe, liông-kut-chhé


petiole

Borrowed from French pétiole, and its source, Late Latin petiolus (“little foot”), diminutive form of Latin pēs (“foot”).

Most insects consume tissue from the leaf blade were measured just past the twist on the side away only, leaving the leaf petioles unscathed.

1978, Harry T. Valentine, Estimating Defoliation of Hardwoods Using Blade-petiole Relations, Forest Service Research Paper NE 405, US Department of Agriculture, page 1:

By contrast, the petioles of large pinnate leaves, as well as stems, typically resist torsion by placing stiff materials with high elastic moduli (like sclerenchyma) toward the perimeters of their cross sections.

1992, Karl J. Niklas, Plant Biomechanics, University of Chicago Press, page 167:

An example of this is leaf petioles. Some species of trees have pinnate leaves which, when the leaves fall, shed pinnae from the petiole, which is then left as a tapering, somewhat flexible rod.

2000, Mike Hansell, Bird Nests and Construction Behaviour, Cambridge University Press, page 116:

(botany) The stalk of a leaf, attaching the blade to the stem.

(entomology, insect anatomy) A narrow or constricted segment of the body of an insect; especially, the metasomal segment of certain Hymenoptera, such as wasps.


dong

Borrowed from Vietnamese đồng, from Middle Chinese 銅 (duŋ, “copper”), from Old Chinese 銅 (*doːŋ). Cognate with Mandarin 銅 /铜 (tóng, “copper”).

The currency of Vietnam, 100 xus. Symbol: ₫

(historical) The currency of South Vietnam, 100 xus. Symbol: Đ.


dong

Unknown. Perhaps from The Dong with a Luminous Nose, an 1894 poem by Edward Lear about a mythical creature. Attested since the 1930s.

(slang, by extension) A dildo, specifically a synthetic anatomical replica of the penis.


dong

en-verb

dong (third-person singular simple present dongs, present participle donging, simple past and past participle donged)

dongs (present singular third-person)
donging (participle present)
donged (participle past)
donged (past)

To make a low-pitched, metallic ringing sound.


dong

From Korean 동(洞) (dong, “neighborhood”).

A submunicipal administrative unit of a city in North or South Korea.


neural network

(anatomy) Any network of neurons etc., that function together to achieve a common purpose.


spinal

Borrowed from Late Latin spīnālis (“of or belonging to the spine”), from spīna (“a prickle, spine”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). By surface analysis, spine + -al.

af

(anatomy, zootomy) Of or relating to the spine.

Of or relating to the spine.
Of or pertaining to the spinal cord.

(zoology) (of a frog or other experimental animal) Having a pithed brain, but an intact surgically isolated spinal cord.


IF

en-noun

IF (countable and uncountable, plural IFs)

intermediate filament
intermediate filament#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of intermediate filament.


nictitating membrane

nictitating membrane (plural nictitating membranes)

2015, Elizabeth Royte, Vultures Are Revolting. Here’s Why We Need to Save Them., National Geographic (December 2015)https://web.archive.org/web/20151213095110/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2016/01/vultures-text
As the wildebeest shrinks, the circle of sated birds lounging in the short grass expands. With bulging crops, the vultures settle their heads atop folded wings and slide their nictitating membranes shut.

A transparent protective fold of skin acting as an inner eyelid in birds, reptiles and some mammals.


meninx

Borrowed from New Latin mēninx, from Ancient Greek μῆνῐγξ (mênĭnx, “membrane of the eye; membrane enclosing the brain; eardrum”).

bor

Meronyms: arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater

(anatomy, usually in the plural) A membrane, especially one of the three membranes lining the skull and vertebral canal and enclosing the brain and spinal cord in vertebrates.


carpel

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1835, borrowed from French carpelle, from New Latin carpellum, a diminutive of Ancient Greek κᾰρπός (kărpós, “fruit”), from Proto-Indo-European *kerp- (“to pluck, harvest”).

der

(botany) A constituent part of a flower pistil - the female reproductive organs in a flower. A carpel is composed of an ovary, a style, and a stigma, although some flowers have carpels without a distinct style. In origin, carpels are leaves (megasporophylls) that have evolved to enclose the ovules. A pistil may be composed of a single carpel or of several carpels fused together.