joint

The noun is from Middle English joynt (attested since the late 13th century), from Old French joint (“joint of the body”) (attested since the 12th century). The adjective (attested since the 15th century) is from Old French jointiz. Both Old French words are from Latin iūnctus, the past participle of iungō. See also join, jugular.
The meaning of "building, establishment", especially in connection with shady activities, appeared in Anglo-Irish by 1821 and entered general American English slang by 1877, especially in the sense of "opium den". The sense "marijuana cigarette" is attested since 1935. The development to meaning "any thing" also happened to the Scots and Memphian form junt and the Mid-Atlantic/Philadelphian form jawn.

verbinding

point of a rigid joint, means of joining in carpentry

(anatomy) Any part of the body where two bones join, in most cases allowing that part of the body to be bent or straightened.

en:place of business or human activity
en:opium den

(chiefly US slang, may be somewhat derogatory) A place of business, particularly in the food service or hospitality industries; sometimes extended to any place that is a focus of human connection or activity (e.g., schools, hangouts, party spots).


throat

peak

antonym(s) of “end of a gaff next to the mast”

From Middle English throte, from Old English þrote, þrota, þrotu (“throat”), from Proto-Germanic *þrutō (“throat”), from Proto-Indo-European *trud- (“to swell, become stiff”). Cognate with Dutch strot (“throat”), German Drossel (“throttle, gorge of game (wild animals)”) (etymology 2), Icelandic þroti (“swelling”), Swedish trut.

cog

one's belly thinks one's throat has been cut

one's stomach thinks one's throat has been cut

As I swallowed I felt something strange in my throat.

(nautical) That end of a gaff which is next to the mast.

(shipbuilding) The inside of a timber knee.

(botany) The orifice of a tubular organ; the outer end of the tube of a monopetalous corolla; the faux, or fauces.


nasal

en-adj

nasal (comparative more nasal, superlative most nasal)

more nasal (comparative)
most nasal (superlative)

From Middle English, from Medieval Latin nāsālis, from nāsus (“the nose”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). Doublet of nasalis.

af

Reindeer are well suited to the taiga’s frigid winters. They can maintain a thermogradient between body core and the environment of up to 100 degrees, in part because of insulation provided by their fur, and in part because of counter-current vascular heat exchange systems in their legs and nasal passages.

2013 March, Nancy Langston, “Mining the Boreal North”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 2, page 98:

(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the nose or to the nasion.


hairy

en-adj

hairy (comparative hairier, superlative hairiest)

hairier (comparative)
hairiest (superlative)

From Middle English hery, heeri, hary, equivalent to hair + -y. Compare Saterland Frisian hierich (“hairy”), West Frisian hierrich (“hairy”), Dutch harig (“hairy”), German Low German harig (“hairy”), German haarig (“hairy”), Swedish hårig (“hairy”), Icelandic hárugur (“hairy”). Compare also Old English hǣriht (“hairy”) and ġehǣre (“hairy”).
The sense "terrifying, scary" possibly results from a blend of hair-raising and scary.

a hairy man

(of a person) Having a lot of body hair.

hairy chest;   hairy back

(of a human body part other than the head) Having hair growing from it.

yelling about dirty, hairy hippies

Near-synonym: hairlike

hairy cell leukemia

hairy moss

en:seeming as if hair-covered or as if consisting of hair

Seeming as if hair-covered or as if consisting of hair.


coronary

coronary (comparative more coronary, superlative most coronary)

more coronary (comparative)
most coronary (superlative)

From Latin corōnārius, from corōna (“crown”).

(anatomy) Encircling something (like a crown), especially with regard to the arteries or veins of the heart.


coronary

(anatomy, medicine) Any of the coronary vessels; a coronary artery or coronary vein.


spine

From late Middle English spyne, from Old French espine (French épine) or its source, Latin spīna (“a thorn; a prickle, spine; the backbone”). Doublet of spina.

der

If you attentively regard almost any quadruped's spine, you will be struck with the resemblance of its vertebrae to a strung necklace of dwarfed skulls.

1851, Herman Melville, chapter 80, in Moby-Dick:

The preposterous altruism too! […] Resist not evil. It is an insane immolation of self—as bad intrinsically as fakirs stabbing themselves or anchorites warping their spines in caves scarcely large enough for a fair-sized dog.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXXIV, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 266:

(anatomy, zootomy) A series of bones situated at the back from the head to the pelvis of a human, or from the head to the tail of an animal, enclosing the spinal cord and providing support for the thorax and abdomen.

Trademark Owners will nevertheless try to dictate how their marks are to be represented, but dictionary publishers with spine can resist such pressure.

2001, Sydney I. Landau, Dictionaries: The Art and Craft of Lexicography, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 409:

रीढ़ की हड्डी

rīṛh kī haḍḍī

رِیڑھ کی ہَڈّی

rīṛh kī haḍḍī


pilum

Borrowed from Latin pilum. Doublet of pile.

(botany) The columella on the surface of a pollen grain.


inferior

en-adj

inferior (comparative more inferior, superlative most inferior)

more inferior (comparative)
most inferior (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin īnferior (“lower in situation or place”), comparative of īnferus (“below, underneath”).

bor

(anatomy) Situated further below (another part of the body), a direction that in humans corresponds to caudad.


dirk

Unlikely not to have come from the same murky origins as dork, despite sound variation among dick-dirk-dork. Influence from der seems plausibly intermixed.

The word dick itself serves as model for two variants which are probably Midwestern, dirk and dork, also meaning "penis"...

May 1964, Lawrence Poston, "Some Problems in the Study of Campus Slang", American Speech volume 39, issue 2


spaug

From Irish spág (“the paw, limb or claw of an animal”), transferred to humans as pejorative or for club-foot.

Taking off his flat spaugs and the walk.


helmet

→ Korean: 헬멧 (helmet)

→ Palauan: hermet

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਹੈਲਮਟ (hailmaṭ)

Shahmukhi script: ہیلمٹ (hailmaṭ)

→ Swahili: helmeti

→ Welsh: helmed

From Middle English helmet, helmett, a borrowing from Old French helmet, heaumet, a diminutive of helme (Modern French heaume), equivalent to helm + -et. The Old French is itself of Germanic origin (whence Old English helm). Used in English since the 15th century, it has largely displaced helm as the general word.

Now that she had rested and had fed from the luncheon tray Mrs. Broome had just removed, she had reverted to her normal gaiety. She looked cool in a grey tailored cotton dress with a terracotta scarf and shoes and her hair a black silk helmet.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter II, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

Most speedboarders wear helmets, knee and elbow pads, and occasionally all-in-one aerodynamic suits, to protect themselves.

2009 February 25, Noam Friedlander, “Dangerous sport of speedboarding banned from Malibu streets”, in The Daily Telegraph:

(clothing) A hard, protective head covering, typically part of armour.

(heraldry) Such a helm when placed above a shield on a coat of arms.

That which resembles a helmet in form, position, etc.

Jarvo’s a stinky old helmet.

2021 September 3, MJowen174, Twitter, archived from the original on 2023-01-14:

(by extension, derogatory) A contemptible or stupid person.


shag

en-adj

shag (comparative more shag, superlative most shag)

more shag (comparative)
most shag (superlative)

From Middle English *schagge, from Old English sċeacga (“hair, wool”), from Proto-Germanic *skaggô, *skaggiją (“projection, bristly hair, stem”), *skag- (“to emerge, stick out, protrude”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kek- (“to jump, move, hurry”).
Akin to Old Norse skegg (“beard”) (compare Danish skæg, Norwegian skjegg, Swedish skägg). Related to shake and shock via the root.

der

Son. Thou liest, thou shag-hair'd villain!

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:


region

From Middle English regioun, from Anglo-Norman regiun, from Latin regiō, from regō. Doublet of regio.

the abdominal regions

(anatomy) A place in or a part of the body in any way indicated.

зона

a place in or a part of the body in any way indicated


trachea

en-noun

trachea (plural tracheae or (obsolete) tracheæ or tracheas)

tracheae (plural)
tracheæ (obsolete plural)
tracheas (plural)

From late Middle English, from Medieval Latin trāchēa (“the windpipe”) (also borrowed as Late Latin trāchīa), from Ancient Greek τρᾱχεῖᾰ ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ (trākheîă ărtērĭ́ā, “windpipe, trachea”).

der

τρᾱχεῖᾰ ᾰ̓ρτηρῐ́ᾱ

(anatomy) A thin-walled, cartilaginous tube connecting the larynx to the bronchi.


semen

en-noun

semen (usually uncountable, plural semens)

From Middle English semen, from Latin sēmen (“seed”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow; plant”).

der

Sharp protein odor of semen fills the air.

1962 [1959], William S. Burroughs, Naked Lunch, New York: Grove Press, page 80:

In the Sumerian language the word for water also means semen, and since Enki is the god of water, he is therefore the god of semen. In this ode to the Great Father, the land of the Sumerians is literally awash with semen.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 162:

A sticky, milky fluid produced in male reproductive organs that contains the reproductive cells.


willy

Originally northern British usage, from the 1960s. Probably the simple use of a proper name as a pet name; compare dick, fanny and peter. Unlikely to be a contraction of Latin membrum virile, male member (that is, the penis), a Latin term used in English in the nineteenth century.

Little Johnny got his willy stuck in his zipper.

Everybody knows your mum is a whore / Getting 'round Piccadilly looking for willy / Punters pull up and say "don't be silly"

2016 March 7, “Road Rage (Freestyle)”, performed by Little T (Josh Tate):

(hypocoristic, slang, UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, childish) the penis.


curls

Specifically, a body of curly hair on someone's head.

kiharat

specifically, a body of curly hair on someone's head


disk

→ Japanese: ディスク (disuku)

→ Korean: 디스크 (diseukeu)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: disk

→ Thai: ดิสก์ (dìt)

→ Turkish: disk

→ Welsh: disg

From Ancient Greek δίσκος (dískos, “a circular plate suited for hurling”), from δικέω (dikéō, “to hurl, to launch”). Doublet of dais, desk, disc, discus, dish, and diskos.

doublet

(botany) A ring- or cup-shaped enlargement of the flower receptacle or ovary that bears nectar or, less commonly, the stamens.


gullet

From Middle English golet, borrowed from Old French goulet, from Latin gula, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷel- (“throat”).

(cytology) The cytopharynx of a ciliate, through which food is ingested.


chopper

Pomatomus saltatrix
Pomatomus saltatrix#Translingual

(Canada, US) The bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix).


gob

en-noun

gob (countable and uncountable, plural gobs)

From Middle English gobbe (also Middle English gobet), from Old French gobet, gobe (“lump, mouthful”), from Transalpine Gaulish *gobbo- (“neb, muzzle”).

der

He spat a big ball of gob on to the pavement.


gob

Probably from Irish gob, Scottish Gaelic gob (“beak, mouth”).

He′s always stuffing his gob with fast food.

Oi, you, shut your gob!

She's got such a gob on her – she's always gossiping about someone or other.

Now washing you will be like washing a goth / All that black lipstick around their gobs

2005, “Tango”, in Public Warning, performed by Lady Sovereign:

(countable, UK, Commonwealth, Ireland, slang) The mouth.


afloat

1695, Edmund Gibson (translator), Camden’s Britannia, London: A. Swalle, “Staffordshire,”
[…] it [the River Dove] overflows and lays the meadows afloat in April, like another Nile.


superior

/sʉːˈpɪə.ɹiː.ə/

From Middle English, borrowed from Old French superiour, from Latin superior (“higher, upper”).

Located above or out; higher in position.

(anatomy, medicine) Located above or higher, a direction that in humans corresponds to cephalad.


lateral

en-adj

lateral (comparative more lateral, superlative most lateral)

more lateral (comparative)
most lateral (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin laterālis (“belonging to the side”), from latus (“the side or flank”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

af

The medial side of the knee faces the other knee, while the outer side of the knee is lateral.

A fish senses changes in hydrodynamic pressure with its lateral line.

To the side; of or pertaining to the side.

(anatomy, zootomy) Situated on one side or other of the body or of an organ, especially in the region furthest from the median plane.


complexion

From Middle English complexion (“temperament”), from Old French complexion (French complexion), from Medieval Latin complexiō (“complexion, constitution”), from complector, past participle complexus (“to entwine, encompass”).

der

Ne ever is he wont on ought to feed / But todes and frogs, his pasture poysonous, / Which in his cold complexion doe breed / A filthy blood […]

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto X”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

“Indeed, sir,” answered the lady, with some warmth, “I cannot think there is anything easier than to cheat an old woman with a profession of love, when her complexion is amorous; and, though she is my aunt, I must say there never was a more liquorish one than her ladyship. […]

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

(obsolete, medicine) The combination of humours making up one's physiological "temperament", being either hot or cold, and moist or dry.


bristle

en-verb

bristle (third-person singular simple present bristles, present participle bristling, simple past and past participle bristled)

bristles (present singular third-person)
bristling (participle present)
bristled (participle past)
bristled (past)

dated, rural folk speech of New England and Upstate New York

From Middle English bristil, bristel, brustel, from Old English bristl, byrst, *brystl, *byrstel, from Proto-West Germanic *burstilu, diminutive of Proto-West Germanic *bursti, from Proto-Germanic *burstiz (compare Dutch borstel, German Borste (“boar's bristle”), Icelandic burst), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥stís (compare Middle Irish brostaid (“to goad, spur”), Latin fastīgium (“top”), Polish barszcz (“hogweed”)), equivalent to brust + -le.

Your blatant attitude always bristles me.

Mr. Berman, you know me well enough to know that I—and it just bristles me when I hear agriculture thrown into one lump basket, that we’re a bunch of crooks and treat our workers bad, because that is not the case. I have—I wish you could talk to some of my farm workers.

1996, Guest Worker Programs: […], United States Government Publishing Office, page 116:

I scowl. “Pretty sure women are not explicitly forbidden in my contract.”
He lowers his voice. “No, but it’s good to be cautious when you're trying to rehab a public image.”
Something about the comment bristles me. “Hey, it’s not my image. I’ve always been good.”

2016 November 2, Lauren Blakely, Out of Bounds, Bloomsbury Publishing, page 65:

When we take on a new name, it can be hard for other people to get used to. […] But if someone new in my life calls me that old name, it bristles me. That’s not who I am.

2021 February, Phoenix LeFae, Gwion Raven, Life Ritualized: A Witch's Guide to Honoring Life's Important Moments, Llewellyn Worldwide, page 135:

‘No. I don’t believe in wasting my money on crap like that.’
‘It’s not your money, it’s mine.’ I can see the comment bristles him; he feels inadequate: his daughter is wealthier than he’s ever been.

2021 April, Terry Westby-Nunn, The Artist Vanishes, Penguin Random House South Africa, page 159:

(transitive, uncommon) To cause (someone) to be on one's guard or raise one's defenses.


bract

From Latin bractea (“a thin plate of metal; gold leaf”).

der

In this vegetable monster the bractes, or divisions of the spike, become wonderfully enlarged; and are converted into leaves.

1789, Erasmus Darwin, The Loves of the Plants, J. Johnson, page 9:

A Verticil or Whirl may be[…]Naked; that is without involucre, bracte or brittle. Bracted - or Involucred

1793, Thomas Martyn, The Language of Botany:

Great dense patches of them grew, four and five and six feet deep, impenetrable swathes of dark green bracts that advertised their danger.

2017, Benjamin Myers, The Gallows Pole, Bloomsbury, published 2019, page 31:

(botany) A leaf or leaf-like structure from the axil out of which a stalk of a flower or an inflorescence arises.


casein

en-noun

casein (countable and uncountable, plural caseins)

From French caséine, formed from Latin cāseus (“cheese”) + -ine.

It’s the clumping nature of the caseins that makes possible most thickened milk products, from yogurt to cheese. The whey proteins play a more minor role; they influence the texture of casein curds, and stabilize the milk foams on specialty coffees.

2004, Harold McGee, chapter 1, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:

(biochemistry) A protein present in both milk and in the seeds of leguminous plants


aural

en-adj

aural (comparative more aural, superlative most aural)

more aural (comparative)
most aural (superlative)

From Latin aura (“moving air, breeze, vital air”) + -al.


catkin

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-catkin.wav

From Middle Dutch katteken (“catkin”, literally “little cat”), equivalent to cat + -kin. So named due to the resemblance of lengthier kinds to a kitten's tail, or, perhaps more probably, the fine fur found on some catkins (compare the pictures). Cognate with German Kätzchen, modern Dutch katje.

der

(botany) A type of inflorescence, consisting of an axis with many unisexual apetalous flowers along its sides, as in the willow and poplar.


spud

From Middle English spudde (“small knife”). Origin unknown; probably related to Danish spyd, Old Norse spjót (“spear”), German Spieß (“spear; spike; skewer”). Compare English spit (“sharp, pointed rod”). The use of the term for a potato was perhaps first used in New Zealand and Australian dialect and slang.

(slang, usually in the plural) A testicle.


invert

en-verb

invert (third-person singular simple present inverts, present participle inverting, simple past and past participle inverted)

inverts (present singular third-person)
inverting (participle present)
inverted (participle past)
inverted (past)


bobble

* (noun): from bob + -le (diminutive suffix).
* (verb): from bob + -le (frequentative suffix).
Compare bauble.

(British) Elasticated band used for securing hair (for instance in a ponytail), a hair tie


cooter

Borrowed from Gullah cootuh (“turtle”), from an African language, e.g. Bambara kuta (“turtle”). Attested in English from the 19th century.

A freshwater turtle of the eastern United States of the genus Pseudemys.


curl

From metathesis of Middle English crulle (“curled, curly”), from Middle Dutch crul, crulle (“curl”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kruzlǭ (“bent or crooked object, curl”), of unknown origin; possibly from Pre-Germanic *grus-, contracted from Proto-Indo-European *gurus- (“twist, curl”), same source as Persian گرس (gors, “braid of hair”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Krulle (“curl, lock”), West Frisian krul (“curl”), Dutch krul (“curl”), German Low German Krull (“curl”), dialectal German Krolle (“curl”), Danish krølle (“curl”), Norwegian krull (“curl”). Related also to Saterland Frisian Kruus (“curl”), German kraus (“frizzy, crumpled, curly”), Danish krus (“curl”), Swedish krusa (“to crimp, curl”). Compare also Gothic 𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (kriustan, “to grind, crush, gnash”).

unk

unknown

cog

[…]she took it down, looked long and fondly at it, then, shaking her curls about her face, as if to hide the act, pressed it to her lips and seemed to weep over it in an uncontrollable paroxysm of tender grief.

1866, Louisa May Alcott, chapter 7, in Behind A Mask or, A Woman's Power:

Serene, smiling, enigmatic, she faced him with no fear whatever showing in her dark eyes.[…]She put back a truant curl from her forehead where it had sought egress to the world, and looked him full in the face now, drawing a deep breath which caused the round of her bosom to lift the lace at her throat.

1910, Emerson Hough, chapter 1, in The Purchase Price:

The face which emerged was not reassuring.[…]. He was not a mongol but there was a deficiency of a sort there, and it was not made more pretty by a latter-day hair cut which involved eccentrically long elf-locks and oiled black curls.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 17, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

A curving piece or lock of hair; a ringlet.

Now do a curl and an overhead press, keeping your palms facing in.

2007 (Jan/Feb), Jon Crosby, "Your Winter Muscle Makeover", Men's Health, page 54

(weightlifting) Any exercise performed by bending the arm, wrist, or leg on the exertion against resistance, especially those that train the biceps.

The one-piece back is of a medium curl.

(music, chiefly lutherie) The contrasting light and dark figure seen in wood used for stringed instrument making; the flame.

loimukuvio

music: light and dark figure seen in wood


curl

en-verb

curl (third-person singular simple present curls, present participle curling, simple past and past participle curled)

curls (present singular third-person)
curling (participle present)
curled (participle past)
curled (past)

straighten

antonym(s) of “to make into a curl or spiral”

straighten

antonym(s) of “to assume the shape of a curl or spiral”

→ Kashubian: kurlowac (Canada)

unk

unknown

She curls her spine; she wedges a pillow between her knees.

2004, Jacquelyn Mitchard, Twelve Times Blessed, page 249:

(transitive) To make into a curl or spiral.

Seas would be pools without the brushing air / To curl the waves.

1700, [John] Dryden, “The Flower and the Leaf: Or, The Lady in the Arbour. A Vision.”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

To raise in waves or undulations; to ripple.


haw

en-noun

haw (countable and uncountable, plural haws)

Late Middle English (denoting a discharge from the eye), of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Etymology 2 above, describing a berry.

nictitating membrane
nictitating membrane

(countable, anatomy) The third eyelid, or nictitating membrane.


atrium

From Latin ātrium (“entry hall”), from Etruscan.

an atrium of the infundibula of the lungs

(anatomy) A cavity, entrance, or passage.

(anatomy) An upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into a ventricle. In higher vertebrates, the right atrium receives blood from the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava, and the left atrium receives blood from the left and right pulmonary veins.

(anatomy) A microscopic air sac within a pulmonary alveolus.


cervix

Borrowed from Latin cervīx (“neck”), see below.

I put my hands on Madeleine's hot cheeks, making a prize cup of my hands and her cervix, and tilted her head to one side.

1979, Clive Sinclair, Hearts of Gold, Penguin, published 1983, page 10:

(anatomy) The necklike portion of an organ or part of the body.


distal

en-adj

distal (comparative more distal, superlative most distal)

more distal (comparative)
most distal (superlative)

the distal end of a bone or muscle

(anatomy, geology) Remote from the point of attachment or origin.

периферен

remote from the point of attachment or origin

(dentistry) Facing the wisdom tooth or temporomandibular joint on the same side of the jaw.


fibrin

en-noun

fibrin (usually uncountable, plural fibrins)

From fibre + -in (“used to form chemical names of proteins, etc”).

suffix

An albuminous body, resembling animal fibrin in composition, found in cereal grains and similar seeds; vegetable fibrin.


bole

en-noun

bole (countable and uncountable, plural boles)

From Ancient Greek βῶλος (bôlos, “clod or lump of earth”): compare French bol. Doublet of bolus.

bor

Good Iznik has strong colours well-contained within their outlines and a very clean, clear white. The red colour, made with Armenian bole (an earthy clay) should be thick and proud of the surface.

2018 April 14, “8 things to know about İznik pottery”, in Christie's:

Any of several varieties of friable earthy clay, usually coloured red by iron oxide, and composed essentially of hydrous silicates of alumina, or more rarely of magnesia.


goer

From Middle English goere, equivalent to go + -er. Compare German Geher (“goer, walker”).

[…] a double Mantle cast
A’ thwart his Shoulders, his faire goers g[r]ac’st
With fitted shooes; and in his hand, a Dart

c. 1615, George Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses, London: Nathaniell Butter, Book 13, p. 202:


fovea

en-noun

fovea (plural foveas or foveae or foveæ)

foveas (plural)
foveae (plural)
foveæ (plural)

From Latin fovea (“ditch, pit”). Doublet of foiba.

Coordinate term: lacuna

(anatomy) A slight depression or pit in a bone or organ.

(anatomy) The retinal fovea, or fovea centralis, responsible for sharp central vision.


ileum

(anatomy) The last, and usually the longest, division of the small intestine; the part between the jejunum and large intestine.


aorta

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀορτή (aortḗ, “the arteries springing from the heart”), from ἀορτέω (aortéō), lengthened form of ἀείρω (aeírō, “I lift, raise”).

bor

(anatomy) The great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system.


cusp

From Latin cuspis (“a point, spear, pointed end”); first used in astrology. Doublet of cuspid and cuspis.

(dentistry) Any of the pointed parts of a canine tooth or molar.

(anatomy) A flap of a valve of a heart or blood vessel.


limbic

From French limbique, from Latin limbus (“edge, border”).

(neuroanatomy) Relating to the limbic system.


hilum

Learned borrowing from Latin hīlum (“a trifle; a spot on a seed”).

lbor

[The pancreas] is a hook-shaped gland, about 15 cm long, that lies transversely across the upper abdomen, with the head in the C-shaped curve of the duodenum[…], extending to the left as the body behind the stomach and ending as the tail lying against the hilum of the spleen.

1998, R[obert] M[atthew] H[ay] McMinn, R. T. Hutchings, B. M. Logan, “Abdomen”, in The Concise Handbook of Human Anatomy, London: Manson Publishing, →ISBN, pages 144–145:

The shadows of the hila on chest X-ray are mainly formed by the pulmonary arteries (PAs) and some of their main branches and the upper pulmonary veins (PVs).

2010, Benoît Ghaye, “Imaging of Hila and Pulmonary Vessels”, in Emmanuel E. Coche, Benoît Ghaye, Johan De Mey, Philippe Duyck, editors, Comparative Interpretation of CT and Standard Radiography of the Chest, Heidelberg: Springer, →DOI, →ISBN, page 166:

In the large majority of normal patients, the hila appear equal in size on frontal radiographs; comparison of the two hila is helpful in patients with a unilateral abnormality.

2010, W. Richard Webb, Charles B. Higgins, Thoracic Imaging: Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Radiology, 2nd edition, Philadelphia, Pa., London: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 161:

(anatomy) A depression or fissure through which ducts, nerves, or blood vessels enter and leave a gland or organ.


flange

From dialectal English flange (“to project”), flanch (“a projection”), from Middle French flanche, from Old French flanche (“flank, side”), from Frankish *hlanka, from Proto-Germanic *hlankō (“bend, curve; side, flank”). See flank. As a term for a group of baboons, it was popularized in the comedy TV series Not the Nine O'Clock News.

der

[The] enduring problem with the Gathering is that [players] can't affect anything that happens ... whatever they do, the LT just flange it back to the original plot line.

1998, Mr MI Pennington, “Can the Players be Trusted?”, in rec.games.frp.live-action (Usenet):

2007, "balor", Changing the metaphysics on Rule 7 https://web.archive.org/web/20071014193135/http://forums.rule7.co.uk/Topic28357-44-2.aspx
'Oh look, the amulet of flange has been activated, this means all Paladins now only have one heal per day instead of two.'

(roleplaying games) An ability in a role-playing game which is not commonly available, overpowered or arbitrarily imposed by the referees.


lobule

(anatomy) A small lobe; a subdivision of a lobe.

diminutive of lobe:
A small lobe; a subdivision of a lobe.


basal

en-adj

basal (comparative more basal, superlative most basal)

more basal (comparative)
most basal (superlative)

In the spring, basal leaves emerge from a stout taproot.

(anatomy) Associated with the base of an organism or structure.

基底的

associated with the base of an organism or structure


marcel

Apparently from the French name Marcel, but accounts vary regarding who invented the style.


niacin

in 1942 derived from nicotinic + acid + vitamin, chosen to dissociate it from nicotine, to avoid the perception that vitamins or niacin-rich food contains nicotine, or that cigarettes contain vitamins.

Mixing the alkali into the recipe in the right way chemically releases the otherwise unavailable niacin in the corn, which stops pellagra in its tracks, and allowed corn-based agricultural populations to grow and spread.

2016, Joseph Henrich, chapter 7, in The Secret of Our Success […] , Princeton: Princeton University Press, →ISBN:

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A water-soluble vitamin, a component of vitamin B complex, found in meat, yeast, and dairy products; it is essential to metabolism.

E375 when used as a colour retention agent


lappet

→ Welsh: llabed

In the tender lappet of the eare is supposed to rest the seat of remembrance, which we vse to touch when we mean to take one to beare witnesse of an arrest or other thing done,

1634, Philemon Holland, transl., The History of the World: commonly called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus, London, Book 11, Chapter 45, p. 550:

[…] he ran him in with the spit a little above the navel, towards the right flank, till he pierced the third lappet of his liver,

1653, Thomas Urquhart, transl., The First Book of the Works of Mr. Francis Rabelais, containing five books of the lives, heroick deeds and sayings of Gargantua, and his sonne Pantagruel, London: Richard Baddeley, Book 2, Chapter 14, p. 97:

(obsolete, anatomy) A lobe (division of an organ).


myosin

en-noun

myosin (countable and uncountable, plural myosins)

myo- (“relating to muscle”), from Ancient Greek μυός (muós), genitive of μῦς (mûs, “muscle”) + -in.

(biochemistry) Any of a large family of motor proteins found in eukaryotic tissues, allowing mobility in muscles.

An albuminous body present in dead muscle formed in the process of coagulation which takes place in rigor mortis.


mitral

Treatments for mitral insufficiency include antihypertensives and valvular surgery; today the latter is often minimally invasive and even totally endoscopic.

(anatomy, medicine) Pertaining to the mitral valve.


mouser

From Middle English mousere (“a hunter of mice”), equivalent to mouse + -er (agent noun suffix) or + -er (occupational suffix). The “moustache” sense is apparently an extended usage (i.e., a cat’s whiskers, jocularly transferred to human beings), possibly with influence from moustache.

inh

He was a pretty man, well upstanding, with great shoulders on him and his hair was fair and fine and he had a broad brow and a gey bit coulter of a nose and he twisted his mouser ends up with wax like that creature the German Kaiser […].

1932, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Sunset Song (A Scots Quair), Polygon, published 2006, page 20:

the official resident cat at 10 Downing Street


gam

Uncertain but surely formed within English; etymons may include game or gammon.

But what is a Gam? You might wear out your index-finger running up and down the columns of dictionaries, and never find the word, Dr. Johnson never attained to that erudition; Noah Webster’s ark does not hold it. Nevertheless, this same expressive word has now for many years been in constant use among some fifteen thousand true born Yankees. Certainly, it needs a definition, and should be incorporated into the Lexicon. With that view, let me learnedly define it. Gam. NOUN—A social meeting of two (or more) Whaleships, generally on a cruising-ground; when, after exchanging hails, they exchange visits by boats’ crews, the two captains remaining, for the time, on board of one ship, and the two chief mates on the other.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “chapter 53”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

There is still that yearning for news from Nantucket that there was when the whale-ships stopped for a gam out in the far-distant Pacific Ocean […]

1916, Harry B. Turner, “Nantucket's Early Telegraph Service”, in Proceedings of the Nantucket Historical Association, page 50:

If time was available, whaling prospects poor, and the weather gentle, a gam might last all day and include tea and dinner.

1997, Gillies Ross, Margaret Penny, This Distant and Unsurveyed Country, →ISBN, page 14:

Twice each year, the Russian Navy sent out such ships to provision Russian whalers in the Sea of Okhotsk. In sailing toward the supposed Russian ship, the Abigail’s captain, Ebenezer Nye, was hoping for a gam with the ship's officers […]

2007, Tom Chaffin, Sea of Gray: The Around-the-World Odyssey of the Confederate Raider Shenandoah, →ISBN, page 230:

(by extension) A social gathering of whalers (whaling ships).


kemp

en-adj

kemp (comparative more kemp, superlative most kemp)

more kemp (comparative)
most kemp (superlative)

From Middle English kempe, campe (“shaggy, rough”).


phloem

First attested in 1872. From German Phloëm, coined by Swiss botanist Carl Nägeli in 1858 from Ancient Greek φλόος (phlóos, “husk, bark”) + a Greek-sounding ending -em (cf. System).

der

(botany) A vascular tissue in land plants primarily responsible for the distribution of sugars and nutrients manufactured in the shoot.


poller

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-poller.wav


medial

en-adj

medial (comparative more medial, superlative most medial)

more medial (comparative)
most medial (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-medial.wav

Borrowed from Latin mediālis (“middle”), from medius (“that is in the middle or midst”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

среден

The medial side of the knee faces the other knee, while the outer side of the knee is lateral.

Situated in or near the middle; not at either end.

(anatomy, zootomy) Pertaining to the inside; closer to the median plane of the body or the midline of an organ.

Mönckeberg medial sclerosis

(anatomy) Pertaining to the middle layer of a blood vessel, to its tunica media.


hackle

en-noun

hackle (countable and uncountable, plural hackles)

From Middle English hakle (compare the compound meshakele), from Old English hæcla, hacele, from Proto-Germanic *hakulǭ, equivalent to hack + -le. Cognate with Dutch hekel, German Hechel.

Any flimsy substance unspun, such as raw silk.


lacuna

lacuna (plural lacunae or (obsolete) lacunæ or lacunas)

lacunae (plural)
lacunæ (obsolete plural)
lacunas (plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin lacūna (“a ditch, pit; a hollow, cavity; a gap, defect”). Doublet of lacune and lagoon.

lbor

Coordinate term: fovea

(particularly anatomy) A small opening; a small pit or depression, especially in bone.

(microscopy) A space visible between cells, allowing free passage of light.

particularly anatomy; microscopy; microscopy


nob

Pronunciation spelling of knob.
Nobleman sense from white-nob (“white-head”) (18th century), referring to the powdered wigs used by those having or affecting upper middle-class status.

One for his nob.

(cribbage) A jack of the same suit as the card turned up by the dealer. (See also nibs.)

trunfo

(slang) The glans penis, the sensitive bulbous structure at the end of the penis also known as the head of the penis. (Also spelled knob.)

(by extension) (vulgar, slang, chiefly UK, Ireland) The penis; dick. (Also spelled knob.)

The masses have risen up and shot all their nobs.

1989, Richard Curtis, Ben Elton, Blackadder Goes Forth:

(slang, chiefly UK, Ireland) A wealthy or influential person; a toff.


lobe

From Middle French lobe in early 16th century, from New Latin lobus (“a lobe”), from Ancient Greek λοβός (lobós, “the lobe of the ear or of the liver, the pod of a leguminous plant”).

der

The yawning gap in neuroscientists’ understanding of their topic is in the intermediate scale of the brain’s anatomy. Science has a passable knowledge of how individual nerve cells, known as neurons, work. It also knows which visible lobes and ganglia of the brain do what. But how the neurons are organised in these lobes and ganglia remains obscure.

2013 August 3, “The machine of a new soul”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

(anatomy) A clear division of an organ that can be determined at the gross anatomy level, especially one of the parts of the brain, liver or lung. [from 16th c.]


legume

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-legume.wav

Borrowed from French légume, from Latin legūmen (“bean”). Doublet of legumen.

(botany) The fruit or seed of leguminous plants (as peas or beans) used for food.

(botany) Any of a large family (Fabaceae, syn. Leguminosae) of dicotyledonous herbs, shrubs, and trees having fruits that are legumes or loments, bearing nodules on the roots that contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and including important food and forage plants (as peas, beans, or clovers).

(botany) A pod dehiscent into two pieces or valves, and having the seed attached at one suture, as that of the pea.


hymen

From Middle French hymen, from Late Latin hymēn, from Ancient Greek ὑμήν (humḗn, “skin, membrane”).

(anatomy) A membrane which completely or partially occludes the vaginal opening in human females.


sepal

From French sépale, from New Latin sepalum.

1836, The Family Magazine, Or Monthly Abstract of General Knowledge, Volume III, Redfield & Lindsay, page 367,
When the sepals are distinct, or separate from each other, the calyx is said to be polysepalous.

The sepal and the petal are essentially leaf-like in form and anatomy but generally simpler in detailed structure than a foliage leaf.

2009, Shubhrata R. Mishra, Understanding Plant Reproduction, Discovery Publishing House, page 164:

In tomato, for example, the first sepal primordium is formed as an outgrowth at the periphery of the apex and the subsequent sepal primordia are initiated in a helical fashion at an angle of approximately 137° from the previous one.

2017, Taylor A. Steeves, Vipen K. Sawhney, Essentials of Developmental Plant Anatomy, Oxford University Press, page 29:

(botany) One of the component parts of the calyx, particularly when such components are not fused into a single structure.


renal

Borrowed from Late Latin renalis (“related to the kidneys”), from Latin renes (“kidneys”).


mucosa

en-noun

mucosa (countable and uncountable, plural mucosae or mucosas)

The substantial genital swelling of [female chimpanzees] during oestrus may facilitate transmission of viruses by making the mucosa more fragile.

2011, Jacques Pepin, “The Source”, in The Origins of AIDS, 1st edition, →ISBN, page 29:


scutum

Borrowed from Latin scūtum (“shield”). Doublet of escudo, scudo, scute, and écu.


pleura

From Middle English, borrowed from Medieval Latin pleura.

Meronyms: cervical pleura, costal pleura, diaphragmatic pleura, mediastinal pleura, parietal pleura, visceral pleura

The lungs […] may be said to be inclosed in separate bags, or to have distinct pleuras.

1856, William Youatt, William Charles Linnaeus Martin, A. Stevens, The Hog (page 120)

(anatomy) Each of a pair of smooth serous membranes which line the thorax and envelop the lungs in humans and other mammals.

плевра

serous membrane that covers the lungs and thorax


muff

Probably from Dutch mof (“muff, mitten”).

(vulgar, slang) The vulva or vagina; pubic hair around it.


jigger

→ Catalan: gigre

From jig + -er (agent suffix). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary suggests a possible link to Old High German gīga (“fiddle”).

“an air-brush is a big thing-a-ma-bob or whatcha-callit, full of gas, and when you turn on a little jigger, it causes compressed air to squeeze out, which, in turn, going through a needle—” “That wasn't part of the contract, Mr. Jones,” […]

(US) A placeholder name for any small mechanical device.


stasis

en-noun

stasis (usually uncountable, plural stases)

From New Latin stasis, from Ancient Greek στάσις (stásis). See the doublet stead.

His company was sized for growth, not stasis.

Boredom is an instrument of social control. Power is the power to impose boredom, to command stasis, to combine this stasis with anguish.

1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 194:

Or will Americans remain hunkered forever—as confused and anxious and paralyzed as we were before 2020—descend into digital feudalism, and retreat back into our cocoons of nostalgia and cultural stasis, providing the illusion that nothing much is changing or ever can change?

2020 August 7, Kurt Andersen, “College-Educated Professionals Are Capitalism’s Useful Idiots”, in The Atlantic:

(figurative) Inactivity; a freezing, or state of motionlessness.


tweeze

en-verb

tweeze (third-person singular simple present tweezes, present participle tweezing, simple past and past participle tweezed)

tweezes (present singular third-person)
tweezing (participle present)
tweezed (participle past)
tweezed (past)

Stamp-men tweeze their treasures to avoid smudging, wear, tear; to hold them up to the light or pick them out of benzine baths in search of watermarks.

1929 September 2, “Philatelists”, in Time:

He held his usual levee at his lodgings; he spent the usual hours washing and dressing; he rubbed his teeth with a red root, tweezed out hairs with a silver tweezer, tied his cravat to admiration, and issued at four precisely as perfectly equipped as if the Rue Royale had been St. James's Street and the Prince himself had hung upon his arm.

1930, Virginia Woolf, “Beau Brummell”, in The Common Reader: Second Series, published 1932:

(transitive) To pluck or grasp using tweezers.

Here Mrs. Lawrence had smiled to soften the anxiety of her blue eyes under their frowning, carefully tweezed brows.

1950, Anya Seton, chapter 1, in Foxfire, New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, page 4:

He’d run his lacquered, dusky pink index finger over his tweezed mustache and say […]

1988, Edmund White, chapter 3, in The Beautiful Room is Empty, New York: Vintage International, published 1994:

(transitive) To shape by plucking out hairs with tweezers.

Word to the wise: if you must tweeze solo, stick to plucking only the obvious stray hairs.

2012 November 16, Adriana Ermter, “How to get the perfect eyebrows: Four reasons to enlist a professional”, in Chatelaine:

(intransitive) To pluck out hairs using tweezers.


pomade

en-noun

pomade (countable and uncountable, plural pomades)

From French pommade, from Italian pomata (“ointment, pomade”), from pomo (“apple”) + -ata (“-ade, -ate: forming nouns”), from Latin pomum (“fruit, apple”) and -atum. Doublet of pomatum, pomate, and pomace. Early pomades tended to be various kinds of fat mixed with apples for a more pleasing scent.

So saying, Lady Mandeville turned to the toilette, and mercilessly tied up in her handkerchief the various brushes, combs, oils, pomade, and rouge, with which the table was profusely covered.

1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter III, in Romance and Reality. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 44:

The rain beat my hair, run down my face and into my mouth so that I can taste the coconut oil pomade from my hair.

2020, Abi Daré, The Girl With The Louding Voice, Sceptre, page 94:

A greasy or waxy substance that is used to style hair, making it look slick and shiny.

With this excellent Pomade you may Anoint your Face at night, and waſh it off the next day in the morning with Rain-water.

1680, T. K., The Kitchin-Phyſician; Or, a Guide for Good-Housewives in Maintaining Their Families in Health. […] , Of Medicines and other Remedies which are appropriated to the Skin, Hair, and Teeth, page 9:

(obsolete or historical) Synonym of ointment, particularly thick waxy ointments scented with fruit used to beautify the skin or hair.

(obsolete) Synonym of cider, a soft or hard drink made from apples.


pomade

en-verb

pomade (third-person singular simple present pomades, present participle pomading, simple past and past participle pomaded)

pomades (present singular third-person)
pomading (participle present)
pomaded (participle past)
pomaded (past)

(transitive, obsolete or historical) Synonym of anoint, to apply ointment.


thymus

From New Latin thymus, from Ancient Greek θύμος (thúmos, “warty excrescence, (also, as used by Galen) thymus gland”).

der

For a very long time the role of the thymus in the body was a complete mystery.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 234:

(anatomy, immunology) Ellipsis of thymus gland (“A ductless gland, consisting mainly of lymphatic tissue, located behind the top of the breastbone. It is most active during puberty, after which it shrinks in size. It plays an important role in the development of the immune system and produces lymphocytes.”).

غُدَّة زَعْتَرِيَّة

ductless gland located behind the breastbone


xylem

From German Xylem, from Ancient Greek ξύλον (xúlon, “wood”).

(botany) A vascular tissue in land plants primarily responsible for the distribution of water and minerals taken up by the roots; also the primary component of wood.


nib

From a variant of neb, perhaps due to association with nibble.

One of the handles projecting from a scythe snath.


cue

Variant of queue, from French queue (“tail”).

Fat, short, radiant, General Chattesworth—in full, artillery uniform—was there, smiling, and making little speeches to the ladies, and bowing stiffly from his hips upward—his great cue playing all the time up and down his back, and sometimes so near the ground when he stood erect and threw back his head, that Toole, seeing Juno eyeing the appendage rather viciously, thought it prudent to cut her speculations short with a smart kick.

1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard:

(obsolete) The tail; the end of a thing; especially, a tail-like twist of hair worn at the back of the head; a queue.


lien

Borrowed from Latin liēn (“spleen”). Doublet of spleen.

Li'enal. Pertaining to the lien or spleen; splenic.

1892, John Marie Keating, Henry Hamilton, John Chalmers Da Costa, A New Pronouncing Dictionary of Medicine:

The lien or spleen (figs. 282 to 285) is a soft, highly vascular contractile and very elastic organ of a dark purplish colour. It is placed obliquely behind the stomach, …

1914, Quain's Elements of Anatomy, volume 1, page 312

(uncommon, possibly obsolete) The spleen.


mesial plane

(anatomy) the plane which divides the body of an animal into similar right and left halves


winkle

There were also found fragments of the winkle (Fulgar carica).

1912, Daniel Melancthon Tredwell, Personal Reminiscences of Men and Things on Long Island:

The conchs or winkles, Busycon carica (fig. 204, opp. p. 216) and B. canaliculata, ... He gave the estimate of one planter who believed that one winkle was able to destroy a bushel of oysters in a single hour.

1931, Bureau of Fisheries Document, volume 922, page 217:

In Connecticut, the so-called "winkle" chowder is made from B. [Busycon] canaliculatum.

1969, Frank E. Firth, The encyclopedia of marine resources, page 139:

Any one of various marine spiral gastropods, especially, in the United States, either of two species Busycotypus canaliculatus or Busycon carica.


oblique muscle

(anatomy) A muscle acting in a direction oblique to the mesial plane of the body, or to the associated muscles, applied especially to two muscles of the eyeball.


cheek

en-noun

cheek (countable and uncountable, plural cheeks)

From Middle English cheeke, cheke, cheoke, choke, from Old English ċēce, ċēace, ċēoce (“cheek; jaw”), from Proto-West Germanic *kākā, *keukā (“jaw, cheek”), from Proto-Germanic *kēkǭ, *keukǭ (“jaw; palate; pharynx”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵyewh₁- (“to chew”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Sooke (“cheek”), West Frisian tsjeak (“jaw”), Dutch kaak (“jaw; cheek”), Swedish käke (“jaw; jowl”), Norwegian kjake (“jaw”), Old Norse kók (“mouth; gullet”).

der

There are some shrewd contents in yon same paper, / That steals the colours from Bassanio's cheek: / Some dear friend dead; else nothing in the world / Could turn so much the constitution / Of any constant man. What, worse and worse!— […]

c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

(anatomy) The soft skin on each side of the face, below the eyes; the outer surface of the sides of the oral cavity.

(anatomy, informal, usually in the plural) The lower part of the buttocks that is often exposed beneath very brief underwear, swimwear, or extremely short shorts.

(biology, informal) One of the genae, flat areas on the sides of a trilobite's cephalon.

One of the pieces of a machine, or of timber or stonework, that form corresponding sides or a similar pair.

(nautical) pump-cheek, pump-cheeks, a piece of wood cut out fork-shaped in which the brake is fastened by means of a bolt and can thus move around and move the upper box of the pump up and down

mik

nautical: a piece of wood cut out fork-shaped in which the brake is fastened


rumen

In the newborn ruminant the abomasum is about as large as the rumen and remains relatively large as long as only milk is consumed (Brugnone, 1809). As the young ruminant consumes forages, the reticulum, and particularly the rumen, develop rapidly.

2013 [1966], Robert E. Hungate, The Rumen and Its Microbes, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 162:

The first compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminants.


milt

en-noun

milt (countable and uncountable, plural milts)

From Middle English milte, from Old English milte, milt (“milt, spleen”), from Proto-West Germanic *miltijā, *meltā, from Proto-Germanic *meltǭ (“spleen”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meld- (“to beat, grind, crush, weaken”). Cognate with German Milz, Dutch milt, Danish milt, Norwegian milt, Swedish mjälte. Outside Germanic, with Albanian mëlçi (“liver”) and Italian milza (“spleen”), which is a borrowing from Lombardic.

inh

we see that certaine apprehensions engender a blushing-red colour, others a palenesse; that some imagination doth only worke in the milt, another in the braine[…].

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

Adam Kadmon had pneumonia. Friar Goat cured it by tying a bullock’s milt to the soles of the lad’s feet, and burying the milt afterwards. Adam Kadmon immediately contracted the thrush.

(countable) The spleen, especially of an animal bred for food.

The engorged testis containing a filled reservoir of mature spermatozoa in a male fish


lemma

non-lemma

linguistics, lexicography: canonical form of a word

From Ancient Greek λῆμμα (lêmma, “premise, assumption”), from the same root as λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”).

تَمْهِيدِيَّة

mathematics: proposition used mainly in the proof of some other proposition

(mathematics) A proposition proved or accepted for immediate use in the proof of some other proposition.

(in phrases, by extension) A proposition originally used for such a purpose, but having later acquired a greater, independent, importance; a fundamental (often pithy) and widely-used result.

Holonym: lexeme (holonymous sense)

For the second sense, where "word" means "item that should have its own dictionary entry," lexicographers sometimes use the term "lemma," but that has other meanings too, so among linguists the term lexeme is now standard, and I'll use it. For the different forms or shapes that belong to a lexeme we can use the term word-form.

2024, Geoffrey K. Pullum, The Truth About English Grammar, Polity Press, →ISBN, page 17:

For quotations using this term, see Citations:lemma.

(linguistics, lexicography) The canonical form of an inflected word; i.e., the form usually found as the headword in a dictionary, such as the nominative singular of a noun, the bare infinitive of a verb, etc.


lemma

From the Ancient Greek λέμμα (lémma), from λέπω (lépō, “I peel”).

(botany) The outer shell of a fruit or similar body.

(botany) One of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses.

niðara blómuøgn

botany: one of the specialized bracts around the floret in grasses


nape

From Middle English nape, naape, of uncertain origin. Possibly from Old French hanap (“goblet”), from Frankish *hnapp, from Proto-Germanic *hnappaz ( > Old English hnæpp, hnæp (“cup, bowl, goblet”)), as there is a hollow at the base of the skull. More at nap.

He was still stroking Radar, long glides of his hand from nape to tail.

2022, Stephen King, chapter 8, in Fairy Tale, page 132:


tuber

From Latin tūber (“bump, hump, swelling”).

(anatomy) A rounded, protuberant structure in a human or animal body.

буца

anatomy: rounded, protuberant structure in body


tibia

Borrowed from Latin tībia (“shin bone, leg”).

(anatomy) The inner and usually the larger of the two bones of the leg or hind limb below the knee, the shinbone

(entomology) The second segment from the end of an insect's leg, between the femur and tarsus.

(arachnology) The third segment from the end of an arachnid's leg, between the patella and metatarsus.

The musician on the left is playing the zampogna, a bagpipe with two chanters and two drones. The zampogna is thought to be the bag-provided descendant of the ancient mouth-blown divergent pipes of the Romans, known as the tibia.

1975, Francis M. Collinson, The bagpipe: the history of a musical instrument, page 188:

A musical instrument of the flute kind, originally made of the leg bone of an animal.


cancellation

en-noun

cancellation (countable and uncountable, plural cancellations)

From Latin cancellātiō, from cancellō + -tiō.

194?, Columbia University. School of Dental and Oral Surgery, Principles of Radiodontia
Spongy bone is composed of cancellated areas appearing as a fine, interlacing network. These cancellated spaces are irregular both in size and shape. The normal cancellation is rather large […]

(anatomy) The property of being cancellate.


tensor

tensor (plural tensors or (muscle) tensores)

Borrowed from New Latin tensor (“that which stretches”), equivalent to tense + -or. Anatomical sense from 1704.
Introduced in the 1840s by William Rowan Hamilton as an algebraic quantity unrelated to the modern notion of tensor.
The contemporary mathematical meaning was introduced (as German Tensor) by Woldemar Voigt (1898) and adopted in English from 1915 (in the context of general relativity), obscuring the earlier Hamiltonian sense. The mathematical object is so named because an early application of tensors was the study of materials stretching under tension. (See, for example, Cauchy stress tensor on Wikipedia.Wikipedia)

pedia

(anatomy) A muscle that tightens or stretches a part, or renders it tense.


manhood

en-noun

manhood (countable and uncountable, plural manhoods)

From Middle English manhode, also manhede (> obsolete English manhead), equivalent to man + -hood. Cognate with Middle Dutch manheit (“manhood”), Middle Low German manheit (whence German Low German Mannheit (“manhood”)), German Mannheit (“manhood”).

She spied on him in the shower and glimpsed his manhood.

In the course of a journey the Rabbis [...] came across a young man who had been robbed of his manhood and made a eunuch by a certain witch.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 50:

A Thai man was taken to hospital to have a sex toy removed with bolt cutters after it got stuck on his penis. He was using the device at home but was left in agony when he could not detach it from his manhood.

2016, Rory Tingle, “Thai man has a sex ring removed with bolt cutters after it became stuck on his penis”, in Daily Mail, Associated Newspapers:

(euphemistic) The male genitalia, especially the penis.


thrum

From Middle English thrum, throm (> Anglo-French trome), from Old English *þrum (found in tungeþrum (“ligament of the tongue”)) from Proto-Germanic *þrumą. Cognate with German Trumm, Trümmer and Old Norse thrǫmr (“edge, brim”).

(anatomy) A bundle of minute blood vessels, a plexus.


depilation

depilation (countable and uncountable, plural depilations)

Hair had appeared in greater quantities where I didnʼt want it, and I couldnʼt keep up with the demands of depilation.

2020, Avni Doshi, Burnt Sugar, Hamish Hamilton, pages 150–151:

Act of pulling out or removing the hair; unhairing; hair removal.


pith

pith (usually uncountable, plural piths)

The noun is derived from Middle English pith, pithe (“central tissue of a plant’s stem or a tree’s trunk and branches; other spongy inner tissue in a plant; flesh of a fruit, pulp; inner tissue in a body; inner part of an object; essential part, essence, quintessence; importance, value; energy, force, strength, vigour; severity”) [and other forms], from Old English piþa [and other forms], from Proto-Germanic *piþô, from earlier *piþō (oblique *pittan); further etymology unknown. Doublet of pit (“seed or stone inside a fruit”).
The verb is derived from the noun (Middle English pethen (“to give courage or strength”), from pith (noun), did not survive into modern English).
cognates
* Dutch peen (“carrot”)
* Middle Low German peddek, peddik, piddek (“bone marrow; medulla; spinal cord; inner part of a horn or quill; (figurative) core, essence”) (the last spelling rare) (Low German Peddik (“core; pulp”))
* West Frisian piid (“pulp, kernel”)

nb...

peth, peþe, pight, piþ, piþe, piþþe, pyght, pyth, pythe, pytthe, pyþe, (Early Middle English) piþa

cog

This ſvveete ſmelling Reede is of a darke dun colour, full of ioints and knees eaſie to be broken into ſmall ſplinters, hollovv and full of a certaine vvhite pith, cobvveb vviſe, ſomevvhat gummie in eating, and hanging in the teeth, and of a ſharpe bitter taſte.

1597, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], “Of Aromaticall Reedes”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton, →OCLC, book I, page 56:

Some make inciſion into the very Vine braunch, as farre as to the pith and marrovv vvithin (to divert the moiſture that feedeth the grape:) others lay the cluſters a drying upon tile-houſes: and all this is done vvith the grapes of the Vine Helvenaca.

1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XIV.] Foureteene Sorts of Sweet Wines.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 1st tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 417:

Atop the [Palmito] tree is a pith, in taſte better then Cabbage; and eating it takes avvay the future benefit of grovvth or fructifying, theſe and the Date-tree thriue not, except the male and female be vnited, and haue copulation: the ſhe is only fruitfull.

1634, T[homas] H[erbert], “Mohelia, Its Description”, in A Relation of Some Yeares Trauaile, Begunne Anno 1626. into Afrique and the Greater Asia, […], London: […] William Stansby, and Jacob Bloome, →OCLC, page 24:

VVhy are the Annual Grovvths of all both Herbs and Trees, vvith great Piths, the quickeſt and longeſt? But hovv are the Pores and Bladders of the Pith permeable? That they are ſo, both from their being capable of a repletion vvith Sap, and of being again vvholly emptied of it, and again, inſtead thereof fill'd vvith Aer, is as certain as that they are Pores.

1671 December 17 (Gregorian calendar), Nehemiah Grew, “The Anatomy of Plants, Begun. […] The First Book. […] Chapter III. Of the Trunk.”, in The Anatomy of Plants. […], 2nd edition, [London]: […] W. Rawlins, for the author, published 1682, →OCLC, page 25:

The food often grows in one country, and the sauce in another. The fruits of Portugal are corrected by the products of Barbadoes, and the infusion of a China plant is sweetened by the pith of an Indian cane.

1711 May 30 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison], “SATURDAY, May 19, 1711”, in The Spectator, number 69; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume I, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 278:

The soft, spongy substance inside plant parts; specifically, the parenchyma in the centre of the roots and stems of many plants and trees.


vamp

en-verb

vamp (third-person singular simple present vamps, present participle vamping, simple past and past participle vamped)

vamps (present singular third-person)
vamping (participle present)
vamped (participle past)
vamped (past)

From Middle English vaumpe, vaum-pei, vampe (“covering for the foot, perhaps a slipper or understocking; upper of a boot or shoe”), or from Anglo-Norman vampe, *vaumpé (“part of a stocking covering the top of the foot”), from Old French avantpied, avantpiet, variants of avantpié, from avant (“in front”) + pié (“foot”).
Noun senses 2 and 3 (“a patch; something patched up or improvised”) appear to have been extended from sense 1 (“top part of a boot or shoe”). Sense 4 (“repeated and often improvised musical accompaniment”) was probably derived from sense 3, and sense 5 (“activity to fill or stall for time”) from sense 4.
The verb senses were derived from the noun. Compare also Middle English vaum-peien (“(uncertain) to repair (footwear) with a new upper or vamp; to fabricate an upper or vamp”).

cog

Keep vamping! Something’s wrong with the mic!

She went out there to vamp since the speaker was late arriving.

(intransitive) To delay or stall for time, as for an audience.


askance

Unknown. Possibly from Middle English askances (“as if”), or from Old French a escone (“hidden”) or Italian a scancio (“obliquely”). Compare asquint, Middle English askoyn (“at a slant, askance”), Dutch schuin, schuins (“sideways”), schuiven (“to shove”), schuinte (“slope”).

I glanced askance at this strange creature, and found him watching me with his queer, restless eyes.

1896, H. G. Wells, chapter 8, in The Island of Doctor Moreau:

...the head-stones in the grave-yard beneath seemed to be holding themselves askance to keep it out of their faces.

1878, Henry James, chapter 1, in The Europeans:


gall

en-noun

gall (countable and uncountable, plural galls)

From Middle English galle, from Old English ġealla, galla, from Proto-West Germanic *gallā, from Proto-Germanic *gallǭ.
The figurative senses (e.g., impudence, brazenness, chutzpah) are related to the literal sense (i.e., bile) via the lasting linguocultural effects of humorism, which governed Western medicine for many centuries before the advent of scientific medicine.
Related to Dutch gal, German Galle, Swedish galle, galla, Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ). Also remotely related with yellow.

He shall flee from the iron weapon and the bow of steel shall strike him through. It is drawn and cometh out of the body; yea, the glittering sword cometh out of his gall.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 20:24–25:

(anatomy, dated, countable) A gallbladder.

(physiology, archaic, uncountable) Bile, especially that of an animal; the greenish, profoundly bitter-tasting fluid found in bile ducts and gall bladders, structures associated with the liver.


iris

irises (plural)
iris (plural)
irides (plural)

From Middle English [Term?], from Latin īris, from Ancient Greek ἶρις (îris, “rainbow”). Presuming an earlier form *ϝῖρις (*wîris), possibly from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *w(e)ih₁-ro- (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”), from *weh₁y- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”). If so, it would be cognate to English wire.

der

(anatomy) The contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, which adjusts to control the amount of light reaching the retina, and which forms the colored portion of the eye (See Iris (anatomy) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia).


biceps

en-noun

biceps (plural biceps or bicepses or bicipites)

biceps (plural)
bicepses (plural)
bicipites (plural)

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Latin biceps (“double-headed, two peaked”), from bis (“double”) + caput (“head”). See there for more details.

der

The leg is bent by the action of the flexor muscles situated on the back of the thigh, the chief of these being called the biceps of the leg.

1901, Michael Foster, Lewis E. Shore, Physiology for Beginners, page 73:

The arm muscles are the show muscles of the physique. When someone asks to "see your muscles," they are most likely referring to your arms, and more specifically, your biceps.

1996, Robert Kennedy, Dwayne Hines II, Animal Arms, page 21:

Specifically, the biceps brachii, the flexor of the elbow.

Today, Stonewall's flexed biceps measure 18 inches around.

1964 Dec, “Muscles are His Business”, in Ebony, volume 20, number 2, page 147:

Biting her lip, she held his biceps for balance and waded farther.

2005, Lisa Plumley, Once Upon a Christmas, page 144:

Odin examined the arm-ring, then pushed it onto his arm, up high on his biceps.

2017, Neil Gaiman, Norse Mythology, Bloomsbury Publishing, page 42:

(informal) The upper arm, especially the collective muscles of the upper arm.

Also it is advisable to distinguish this ( ˘ ˘ ) — ˘ ˘ — rhythm, where the princeps was probably shorter in duration than the biceps (as in the dactylic hexameter), from true (marching) anapaests, in which they were equal.

1987, Martin Litchfield West, Introduction to Greek Metre:

This means that in the metrical sequence[…] recited in ordinary speech rhythm, the princeps occupied a slightly shorter time than the biceps (5:6), and if a long syllable was used to fill the biceps it had to be dragged a little[…]

2000, James I. Porter, Nietzsche and the Philology of the Future, page 347:

(prosody) A point in a metrical pattern that can be filled either with one long syllable (a longum) or two short syllables (two brevia)


labial

Borrowing from Medieval Latin labiālis (“of or pertaining to the lips”), from labium (“a lip”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to labium + -al.

af

The wound that does not kill Christ is the magical labial wound; it is the seal of the resurrection and an expression of the myth of eternal recurrence.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 109:

(anatomy, zootomy) Of or pertaining to the lips or labia.

(dentistry, of an incisor or canine) On the side facing the lips. See mesial.


disc

From French disque, from Latin discus, from Ancient Greek δίσκος (dískos, “disk, quoit, platter”). Doublet of dais, desk, discus, dish, disk, and diskos.


corona

en-noun

corona (plural coronas or coronae or (obsolete) coronæ)

coronas (plural)
coronae (plural)
coronæ (obsolete plural)

→ Japanese: コロナ (korona)

The noun is borrowed from Latin corōna (“crown; garland, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “type of crown; curved object (door handle, tip of a bow, stern of a ship, etc.)”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). The English word is a doublet of crown, korona, koruna, krona, króna, and krone.
The plural form coronae is borrowed from Latin corōnae.
The verb is derived from the noun.

kruunu

appendage of an organism that resembles a crown or corona

Is it probable that this depression has arisen from the distorting effect of some form of head dress, similar perhaps to that which is still applied to the heads of infants in various parts of France, as described by Drs. Foville and Lunier? This consists of a neckerchief passed twice round the head from the corona either to the back of the neck, when the resulting deformity (which is that of the Charlcombe skull) is designated annular by Dr. Gosse; or is carried under the chin and jaw, when it is termed bilobed by the same writer.

1863 September, John Thurnam, “XXII.—On Synostosis of the Cranial Bones, Especially the Parietals, Regarded as a Race-character in One Class of Ancient British and in African Skulls”, in G[eorge] Busk et al., editors, The Natural History Review: A Quarterly Journal of Biological Science, number XVIII, London, Edinburgh: Williams and Norgate, […], published April 1865, →OCLC, page 265:

The ophthalmic division supplies sensation from the eyebrows to the coronal suture. The sensory innervation stops at the corona, not at the hairline, and this fact may help one to differentiate a true abnormality from a factitious one, since people who are “faking” sensory loss more often lose sensation at the hairline.

2013, Eric S. Hsu, Charles Argoff, Katherine E. Galluzzi, Raphael J. Leo, Andrew Dubin, “Head Pain: Trigeminal Neuralgia”, in Problem-Based Pain Management, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, section 2 (Head Pain), page 27:

(anatomy) An upper or crownlike portion of certain parts of the body.

A region of the skull located along the coronal suture, at the junction between the frontal bone and the two parietal bones.

päälaki

The solids are derived from the fluids. In the first rudiments of the gelatinous embryo, they gradually commence in their respective situations, and differ infinitely in their degrees of cohesion, from the soft and almost pulpy medullary matter of the brain, to the vitreous substance of the corona of the teeth.

1817, J. Fred. Blumenbach [i.e., Johann Friedrich Blumenbach], “Sect. III. Of the Solids in General, and of the Mucous Web in Particular.”, in John Elliotson, transl., The Institutions of Physiology […], 2nd edition, London: […] Bensley and Son, […], for E. Cox and Son, […], →OCLC, paragraph 17, page 12:

The external (supragingival) portion of the tooth, covered by enamel; the crown.

The first line of injection with a clean 1% solution of cocain, or 2% eucain is began, posterior to the ridge caused by the corona, on the dorsum.

1907, C. H. Shutt, “A New Simple Technique for Circumcision and Some Advantages Gained in Genito-urinary Work—a Practical Demonstration of the Technique”, in Tho[ma]s A. Hopkins, editor, The Medical Fortnightly, St. Louis, Mo.: Fortnightly Press Co., →OCLC, page 233, column 1:

The circumference of the base of the glans penis in human males.

龜頭 /龟头

circumference of the base of the glans penis in human males — see also corona glandis penis


soma

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek σῶμα (sôma, “body”).

(anatomy) The whole axial portion of an animal, including the head, neck, trunk, and tail.


eyeball

en-verb

eyeball (third-person singular simple present eyeballs, present participle eyeballing, simple past and past participle eyeballed)

eyeballs (present singular third-person)
eyeballing (participle present)
eyeballed (participle past)
eyeballed (past)

From eye + ball. Compare Middle English balle off the eye, balle of þe eyȝe (“eyeball”, literally “ball of the eye”).

A good cook can often just eyeball the correct quantities of ingredients.

Each geometric construction must be exact; eyeballing it and getting close does not count.

(transitive, informal) To gauge, estimate or judge by eye, rather than measuring precisely; to look or glance at.


communication

en-noun

communication (countable and uncountable, plural communications)

→ Japanese: コミュニケーション (komyunikēshon)

Inherited from Middle English communicacion, from Old French communicacion, from Latin commūnicātiōnem, accusative singular of commūnicātiō (“imparting, communicating”), from commūnicō (“I share, I impart”).
Morphologically communicate + -ion.

inh+

...and here a free communication had been established between the aorta and the vena cava.

1855, William Stokes, The Diseases of the Heart and the Aorta Page 617

(anatomy) A connection between two tissues, organs, or cavities.


buzz

en-noun

buzz (countable and uncountable, plural buzzes)

From Middle English *bussen, of onomatopoeic origin. Compare Middle English bunning (“buzzing”), Middle English hossing (“buzzing”), Middle English bissen (“to hush”).

Mr. Hall? The buzz on Christian is that his parents have joint custody, so he'll be spending one semester in Chicago and one semester here.

1995, Amy Heckerling, Clueless, spoken by Cher (Alicia Silverstone):

I wasn't performing with Pimp and Smoove that much no more, but I had a solo deal with Ruthless Rap and a brand new mixtape that was creating a big buzz.

2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 103:

In Detroit, the buzz is that he's too nice a guy, unwilling to impose draconian job cuts at the risk of angering the UAW.

2006 September 6, Daren Fonda, “Ford Motor's New Chief: "I Think It's a Tough Situation"”, in Time:

Allen Gregory DeLongpre: Who's he?
Patrick: He's only the most popular kid in school.
Allen Gregory: Ah, the two heavyweights finally meet. Sure you're tired of all the buzz. Allen Gregory DeLongpre.

2011 Allen Gregory, "Pilot" (season 1, episode 1)

(informal) Major topic of conversation; widespread rumor; information spread behind the scenes.


fascia

Borrowed from Latin fascia (“a band, bandage, swathe”). Related to fascēs (“bundle of rods containing an axe with the blade projecting”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰask- (“bundle, band”). Cognate with fajita, fess, and fascism.

der

(architecture) A flat band or broad fillet; especially, one of the three bands that make up the architrave, in the Ionic order.

palkki

architecture: one of the three bands which make up the architrave

A band, sash, or fillet; especially, in surgery, a bandage or roller.

The deepest layer of cervical fascia consists of two main subdivisions: the alar and prevertebral fasciae.

2006, Dennis E. McDonnell, Steven J. Harrison, “10: Retropharyngeal Approach to the Occipitocervical Junction”, in Richard G. Fessler, Laligam N. Sekhar, editors, Atlas of Neurosurgical Techniques: Spine and Peripheral Nerves, Thieme Medical Publishers, page 89:

Close-up of the fascia surrounding a muscle in an unembalmed cadaver.

2017, David Lesondak, Fascia: What it is and Why it Matters, Handspring Publishing, page 3, Figure 1.1

2017, Andrea Pasini, Antonio Stecco, Carla Stecco, 19: Fascial Anatomy of the Viscera, Torsten Liem, Paolo Tozzi, Anthony Chila (editors), Fascia in the Osteopathic Field, Handspring Publishing, page 173,
This is evidence that the insertional fasciae are the ones that provide the connections between internal fasciae and muscular fascia, and between the different organs. The same pattern can be applied to the fasciae that surround the glands.

(anatomy) The layer of loose tissue, often containing fat, immediately beneath the skin; the stronger layer of connective tissue covering and investing muscles and organs; an aponeurosis.


crest

From Middle English creste, from Old French creste (modern French crête) and perhaps continuing Old English cræsta (“crest, tuft, plume”); both ultimately from Vulgar Latin *cresta, from Latin crista. Doublet of crista.
The informal meaning “design, logo” (sense 11) stems from a misinterpretation of the heraldic sense 4, which specifically refers to the object placed on top of the helm.

inh

(anatomy) A ridge along the surface of a bone.

harja

anatomy: ridge along the surface of a bone


hemoglobin

en-noun

hemoglobin (countable and uncountable, plural hemoglobins)

hēʹmōglōʹbĭn

hēʹməglōʹbĭn

Originally hematinoglobulin, from hematin (from Ancient Greek αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) + -in) + -o- + globulin (from Latin globus (“ball, sphere”) + -in).

(American spelling) The iron-containing substance in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body; it consists of a protein (globulin), and haem (a porphyrin ring with an atom of iron at its centre).

հեմոգլոբին

the iron-containing substance in red blood cells that transports oxygen


innervation

innervation (countable and uncountable, plural innervations)

/ɪˌnɝˈveɪ.ʃən/

(anatomy, zoology):
The act of innervating or stimulating.

Special activity excited in any part of the nervous system or in any organ of sense or motion; the nervous influence necessary for the maintenance of life, and the functions of the various organs.

The distribution of nerves in an animal, or to any of its parts.


implantation

implantation (countable and uncountable, plural implantations)

Borrowed from Middle French implantation.

bor+

(anatomy) The way in which an organ, bone, muscle etc. becomes inserted into its set place.

имплантация

anatomy: way an organ becomes inserted into its place


crisp

en-adj

crisp (comparative crisper, superlative crispest)

crisper (comparative)
crispest (superlative)

From Middle English crisp (“curly”), from Old English crisp (“curly”), from Latin crispus (“curly”). Doublet of crape and crepe.

crisp hair

(dated) Curling in stiff curls or ringlets.


crisp

A baked dessert made with fruit and crumb topping

kale crisps

(UK, Ireland, food) Anything baked or fried in thin slices and eaten as a snack.


crisp

en-verb

crisp (third-person singular simple present crisps, present participle crisping, simple past and past participle crisped)

crisps (present singular third-person)
crisping (participle present)
crisped (participle past)
crisped (past)

[…] those crisped snaky golden locks
Which make such wanton gambols with the wind,

c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

1609, Douay-Rheims Bible, 2 Chronicles 4.5,
[…] the brimme therof was as it were the brimme of a chalice, or of a crisped lilie:

1630, Michael Drayton, The Muses Elizium, London: John Waterson, “The Description of Elizium,” The fift Nimphall, p. 44,
The Louer with the Myrtle Sprayes
Adornes his crisped Tresses:

[…] the well known rhubarb of our gardens, with roundish crisped leaves.

1800, Thomas Pennant, “China”, in The View of Hindoostan, volume 3, London: Henry Hughs, page 172:

For a time I was made to forget that my skin was dark and my hair crisped.

1855, Frederick Douglass, chapter 23, in My Bondage and My Freedom. […], New York, Auburn, N.Y.: Miller, Orton & Mulligan […], →OCLC, part II (Life as a Freeman), page 360:

The mere story of their adventures […] on their road to and from school would have crisped a Western boy’s hair.

1900 December – 1901 October, Rudyard Kipling, chapter 7, in Kim (Macmillan’s Colonial Library; no. 414), London: Macmillan and Co., published 1901, →OCLC, page 176:

(transitive, dated) To cause to curl or wrinkle (of the leaves or petals of plants, for example); to form into ringlets or tight curls (of hair).

[…] he consider’d what an infinity of Muscles these laughing Rascals threw into a convulsive motion at the same time; whether we regard the spasms of the Diaphragm and all the muscles of respiration, the horrible rictus of the mouth, the distortion of the lower jaw, the crisping of the nose, twinkling of the eyes, or sphaerical convexity of the cheeks, with the tremulous succussion of the whole human body:

1741, Alexander Pope, chapter 10, in Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus, Dublin: George Faulkner, page 82:

Phillotson saw his wife turn and take the note, and the bend of her pretty head as she read it, her lips slightly crisped, to prevent undue expression under fire of so many young eyes.

1895, Thomas Hardy, Jude the Obscure, New York: Harper, published 1896, Part 4, Chapter 3, p. 266:

[…] a slow torsion and crisping of all his nerves, beginning at his ankles, spread to every corner of his body till he had to shut his fists and teeth against the blind impulse to leap from his bed screaming.

1914, Frank Norris, chapter 15, in Vandover and the Brute, Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page, pages 242–243:

Ah, here was a fellow coming! And instinctively he crisped his hands that were buried in his pockets, and ran over to himself his opening words.

1915, John Galsworthy, chapter 27, in The Freelands,, London: Heinemann, page 252:

They [the shark’s teeth] were shaped like a man’s fingers when they are crisped like claws.

1952, Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea, New York: Scribner:

(transitive, dated) To wrinkle, contort or tense (a part of one's body).


flap

From Middle English flap, flappe (“a slap; blow; buffet; fly-flap; something flexible or loose; flap”), related to Saterland Frisian Flappert (“wing, flipper”), Middle Dutch flabbe (“a blow; slap on the face; fly-flap; flap”) (modern Dutch flap (“flap”)), Middle Low German flabbe, vlabbe, flebbe, from the verb (see below). Related also to English flab and flabby.

cog

(slang, vulgar, chiefly in the plural) The labia, the vulva.


intact

en-adj

intact (comparative more intact, superlative most intact)

more intact (comparative)
most intact (superlative)

From Middle French intact, from Latin intactus.

GM, 28, intact, atheist, 5'9", 140 lbs., seeks similar guy 20-30 for conversation and other forms of communication.

1985 August 17, “Personal advertisement”, in Gay Community News, volume 13, number 6, page 13:

(usually of male persons, especially used by intactivists) Uncircumcised, having an intact foreskin.


pug

Origin unknown, possibly related to West Flemish pugge (“(adjective) small; (noun) short person; pet name derived from the first name Pugge”); though it is uncertain whether sense 1 (“senses relating to someone or something small”) and sense 2 (“senses relating to people”) are derived from the same source.
Sense 1.8 (“small demon”) was probably influenced by, though not a variant of, puck.

pentu

It is to be observed in this experiment, […] that the loss of weight by feeding (tegs or pugs) on turnips, is remarkable: […]

1808, Thomas Batchelor, “Live Stock”, in General View of the Agriculture of the County of Bedford. […], London: […] [B. MᶜMillan] for Richard Phillips, […], →OCLC, section 2 (Sheep), page 541:

Senses relating to someone or something small.

(UK, regional, archaic) Also used as a proper name: any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon.

(specifically) Synonym of teg (“a sheep (originally a ewe) in its second year, or from the time it is weaned until it is first shorn”)

teg

[…] I heard her call him dear pug, and found him to be her favourite monkey.

1712 October 13 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison], “THURSDAY, October 2, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 499; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume V, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 454:

Its proper Povver to hurt, each Creature feels, / Bulls aim their Horns, and Aſſes lift their Heels, / 'Tis a Bear's Talent not to kick, but hug, / And no Man vvonders he's not ſtung by Pug: […]

1733, Alexander Pope, The First Satire of the Second Book of Horace, […], London [actually Edinburgh]: […] L[awton] G[illiver] and sold by A. Dodd […], E[lizabeth] Nutt […], →OCLC, page 13:

Take avvay the pug, ſaid I, to the attendants—Take it avvay vvhile any of it is left—They reſcued the ſtill ſmiling babe, and run avvay vvith it.

1753 (indicated as 1754), [Samuel Richardson], “Letter XLIII. Lady G. to Lady Grandison.”, in The History of Sir Charles Grandison. […], 2nd edition, volume VI, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; [a]nd sold by C. Hitch and L. Hawes, […], →OCLC, page 211:

Or, is the Monkey sick, he takes his bed; / Old Slop is sent for, to prescribe for Pug.— […]

1812, Peter Pindar [pseudonym; John Wolcot], “Tristia; or, The Sorrows of Peter: […]. Elegy.”, in The Works of Peter Pindar, Esq. […], new edition, volume V, London: […] J[ohn] Walker, G. Wilkie and J. Robinson, G. Robinson, […]; and G. Goulding and Co. […], →OCLC, page 297:

(specifically, obsolete) An ape, a monkey; also (by extension) a human child.

[T]here is a dead silence, till pug is well out of cover, and the whole pack well in: then cheer the hounds with tally ho! till your lungs crack. Away he goes in gallant style, and the whole field is hard up, till pug takes a stiff country: […]

1812, [Maria] Edgeworth, “The Absentee. Chapter VIII.”, in Tales of Fashionable Life (2nd series), volume VI, London: […] [Heney] for J[oseph] Johnson and Co., […], →OCLC, pages 93–94:

That spell was broken by the sight of poor wearied pug, his once gracefully-floating brush all draggled and drooping, as he toiled up the sheep-paths toward the open down above.

1848, [Charles Kingsley], “The Philosophy of Fox-hunting”, in Yeast: A Problem. […], London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], published 1851, →OCLC, page 16:

Dear, delicate Madam, I am your little Paraquit, your Sparrovv, your Shock, your Pugg, your Squirrel.

1685 July (first performance), N[ahum] Tate, Cuckolds-Haven: Or, An Alderman No Conjurer. A Farce. […], London: […] J. H. and are to be sold by Edward Poole, […], published 1685, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii, page 5:

Squirrels / Are not uncommon in the plantings on the broad edges, where they may be seen feeding on the deal-apples, as the Broadsmen call the fir-cones; nuts and acorns too they are fond of. […] Stoats sometimes chase them, but "pug" generally manages to escape, an[d] he can get to a tree first—he is a much more daring jumper.

1895, P[eter] H[enry] Emerson, “Shrew Mouse, or Rana, and Squirrels”, in Birds, Beasts and Fishes of the Norfolk Broadland, London: David Nutt, […], →OCLC, page 363:


knacker

From Old Norse hnak (“saddle”) (whence Icelandic hnakkur (“saddle”)).

Plow-wright , Cart-wright, Knacker and Smith

1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC:

(archaic) A harnessmaker or saddlemaker; their place of business (e.g., saddlery).

Travelling Community
Travelling Community

(Ireland, British, offensive) A member of the Travelling Community; a Rom (Gypsy).

antoušek

one who separates animals for reuse — see also flayer

He looked like someone had put a 9mm full metal jacket round through his left scrotum. He even had his mouth open in some parody of a soundless scream, much as I imagined I would do if someone shot my left knacker off.

2013, Perry Gamsby, Never Be Unsaid, page 136:

(UK, slang, vulgar, chiefly in the plural) A testicle.


knacker

en-verb

knacker (third-person singular simple present knackers, present participle knackering, simple past and past participle knackered)

knackers (present singular third-person)
knackering (participle present)
knackered (participle past)
knackered (past)

Carrying that giant statue up those stairs completely knackered me.

That table that I was going to put the statue on may not suffice, as it's completely knackered.

(UK, slang, transitive) To tire out, exhaust; to beat up and use up (something), leaving it worn out and damaged.


grimace

grimace (third-person singular simple present grimaces, present participle grimacing, simple past and past participle grimaced)

grimaces (present singular third-person)
grimacing (participle present)
grimaced (participle past)
grimaced (past)

From French grimace, from Middle French grimace, from Old French grimace, grimuche, from grime (“mask”) (with the pejorative suffix -ace, from Latin -āceus), from Frankish *grīma, *grīmō (“mask”), from Proto-Germanic *grīmô (“mask, helmet”). Cognate with Old English grīma (“mask, visor, helmet, spectre, apparition”). More at grime.

cog

(intransitive) To make grimaces; to distort one's face; to make faces.


triceps

From Latin trīceps (“triple-headed”), from trēs (“three”) + caput (“head”). See there for more details.

(anatomy) Any muscle having three heads.

Kickbacks work the triceps muscle at the back of your arm. Exercising these muscles helps eliminate arm jiggle.

2010, Christina T. Loguidice, Bill Loguidice, Wii Fitness For Dummies:

(anatomy) Specifically, the triceps brachii.


glans

Learned borrowing from Latin glāns (“acorn”).

حَشَفَة

(anatomy) A structure at the extremity of the penis and of the clitoris in humans and other mammals.

Ellipsis of glans penis or penile glans.

glans clitoridis
glans clitoridis#English

Ellipsis of glans clitoridis or clitoral glans.

The acorn or mast of the oak and similar fruits.


node

→ Irish: nód

From Middle English node, borrowed from Latin nōdus. Doublet of knot, knout, and nodus.


mound

From earlier meaning "hedge, fence", from Middle English mound, mund (“protection, boundary, raised earthen rampart”), from Old English mund (“hand, hand of protection, protector, guardianship”), from Proto-West Germanic *mundu, from Proto-Germanic *mundō (“hand”), *munduz (“protection, patron”), from Proto-Indo-European *mh₂-nt-éh₂ (“the beckoning one”), from *(s)meh₂- (“to beckon”).
Cognate with Old Frisian mund (“guardianship”), Old High German munt (“hand, protection”) (German Mündel (“ward”), Vormund (“a guardian”)), Old Norse mund (“hand”) (Icelandic mund), Middle Dutch mond (“protection”), and possibly Latin manus (“hand”), Ancient Greek μάρη (márē, “hand”).

cog

(obsolete, anatomy, measurement, figuratively) A hand.


plaque

en-noun

plaque (countable and uncountable, plural plaques)

Unadapted borrowing from French plaque (“plate, sheet (of metal); slab (of marble); bacteria on teeth”), from French plaquer, Middle French plaquer (“to plate”), from Middle Dutch placken (“to patch, beat metal into a thin plate”), from placke (“disk, patch, stain”), from Old Dutch *plagga (“patch”), from Proto-Germanic *plaggą (“patch”).
The word is cognate with Middle Low German placke, plagge (“small stain, scraps, rags, thin grass”), German Placken (“spot, patch”), Saterland Frisian plak, plakke (“a blow, slap”), Swedish plagg (“clothing, garment”). Compare plack.

plakki

(countable, uncountable, pathology) An abnormal accumulation of material in or on an organ of the body, often associated with disease.

(uncountable, dentistry) An accumulation of biofilm, or bacteria, on teeth, which may develop into dental calculus (tartar).


shaver

From Middle English schaver; equivalent to shave + -er.
In its meaning of a boy, lad, recorded since 1592, the word shaver has also been postulated to derive from Romani chavo (“young man”), which also gives us the modern slang chav, ultimately derived from Sanskrit छा (chā, “young animal”).

A tool or machine for shaving; an electric razor.


pout

From Middle English pouten, probably from Scandinavian (compare Norwegian pute (“pillow, cushion”), dial. Swedish puta (“to be puffed out”), Danish pude (“pillow, cushion”)), from Proto-Germanic *pūto (“swollen”) (compare English eelpout, Dutch puit, Low German puddig (“inflated”)), from Proto-Indo-European *bu- (“to swell”) (compare Sanskrit बुद्बुद (budbuda, “bubble”)).

2008, Vladimir Nabokov, Natasha, written 1924, translated by Dmitri Nabokov
With a pout, Natasha counted the drops, and her eyelashes kept time.

膨れっ面

often includes a sense of "puffed-up cheeks"


scowl

en-verb

scowl (third-person singular simple present scowls, present participle scowling, simple past and past participle scowled)

scowls (present singular third-person)
scowling (participle present)
scowled (participle past)
scowled (past)

From Middle English scowlen, scoulen, skoulen (also as Middle English schoulen), probably of North Germanic origin. Compare Danish skule (“to scowl”), Norwegian skule (“to scowl”).

She scould, and frownd with froward countenaunce

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 35:

(intransitive) To wrinkle the brows, as in frowning or displeasure; to put on a frowning look; to look sour, sullen, severe, or angry.


rosette

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *wardahder.?
Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon)bor.?
Latin rosalbor.
Old French rose
Latin -ittus
Old French -ete
Old French rosete
Middle French rosettebor.
Middle French rosette
French rosetteinflu.
English rosette
Borrowed from Middle French rosette (in sense 15) and (modern) French rosette.

etymon

(botany) One or more whorls of leaves, clustered tightly at the base of a plant.

(botany) A plant growth form in which the plant grows outward in all directions for a short distance, producing a small round shape.


secondary

en-adj

secondary (not generally comparable, comparative more secondary, superlative most secondary)

more secondary (comparative)
most secondary (superlative)

From Middle English secundarie, from Latin secundārius (“of the second class or quality”), from secundus (whence the English second) + -ārius (whence the English suffix -ary), equivalent to second + -ary; compare the French secondaire, the Italian secondario, the Occitan secundari, the Portuguese secundario, and the Spanish secundario.

der

English numerals#Ordinal numbers
secondary

(anatomy) Pertaining to the second joint of the wing of a bird.


core

en-noun

core (countable and uncountable, plural cores)

desc

Translingual: core eudicots, core Malvales

From Middle English core, kore, coor (“apple-core, pith”), of obscure and uncertain origin. Possibly of native English origin, from Old English *cor, related to Old English *coruc, *corc (diminutive) (> Middle English cork, crok (“core of a apple or other fruit, heart of an onion”)) and Old English corn (“seed", also "grain”); or alternatively perhaps from Old French cuer (“heart”), from Latin cor (“heart”); or from Old French cors (“body”), from Latin corpus (“body”). Compare also Middle English colk, coke, coll (“the heart or centre of an apple or onion, core”), Dutch kern (“core”), German Kern (“core”). See also heart, corpse.

unc

obscure and uncertain

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

сърцеви́на

something that produces a hollow space in a casting

In general usage, an essential part of a thing surrounded by other essential things.

The anatomical core, muscles which bridge abdomen and thorax.


shaggy

en-adj

shaggy (comparative shaggier, superlative shaggiest)

shaggier (comparative)
shaggiest (superlative)

Universal and Blumhouse’s M3gan is exactly the right amount of ridiculous, which is why it can afford to be a little shaggy toward the end.

2023 January 6, Charles Pulliam-Moore, “M3gan is a midrange delight about the horrors of 21st-century parenting”, in The Verge, archived from the original on 2023-09-15:


toupee

1727, from French toupet (“small tuft of hair, forelock”), from Middle French toupet (“small tuft of hair, forelock”), from Old French toupet (“small tuft of hair, forelock”), diminutive of toupe, top (“tuft of hair”), from Frankish *topp (“summit, crest, tuft of hair”), from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“summit, crest, tuft of hair”). Cognate with Old Dutch topp (“top”) (Dutch top), Old Frisian top (“summit, crest, tuft of hair”), Old English top (“summit, crest, tuft of hair”), Old High German zopf (“end, summit, tuft of hair”), Old Norse toppr (“tuft of hair, forelock”). More at top.

cog

A wig of false hair worn to cover a bald spot, especially as worn by a man.


trapeze

From French trapèze, from Latin trapezium. Doublet of trapezium.

[…] the distance between the top of the flexor retinaculum and an imaginary line drawn between the trapeze and the hamate.

2013, World Health Organization, Manual of Diagnostic Ultrasound, volume 2, page 463:


tress

From Middle English tresse, from Old French tresce, of uncertain origin; possibly from Vulgar Latin *trichia, from Ancient Greek τριχία (trikhía, “rope”), from θρίξ (thríx, “hair”). Compare French tresse, Italian treccia.

nor was the doom / of guilty deed, but of a hapless wight / to sudden madness stung, ere ripe to die, / therefore the Queen of Hades had not shorn / the fair tress from her forehead, nor assigned / that soul to Stygian dark.

1910, Theodore C. Williams, The Aeneid, translation of Aeneis by Virgil, Book IV Chapter 28:

Even without theatrical shoes on, Erlys was taller than Luca Zombini, and kept her fair hair in a Psyche knot, out of which the less governable tresses continued, with the day, to escape.

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 397:

A braid, knot, or curl, of hair; a ringlet.

خُصْلَة

(by extension) A knot or festoon, as of flowers.


tress

en-verb

tress (third-person singular simple present tresses, present participle tressing, simple past and past participle tressed)

tresses (present singular third-person)
tressing (participle present)
tressed (participle past)
tressed (past)


slime

en-noun

slime (countable and uncountable, plural slimes)

→ French: slime

→ Japanese: スライム (suraimu)

→ Korean: 슬라임 (seullaim)

From Middle English slime, slyme, slim, slym, from Old English slīm, from Proto-Germanic *slīmą, from Proto-Indo-European *sley- (“smooth; slick; sticky; slimy”). Cognates include Danish slim, Saterland Frisian Sliem, Dutch slijm, German Schleim (“mucus, slime”), Latin limus (“mud”), Ancient Greek λίμνη (límnē, “marsh”).

der

As it [the Nile] ebbs, the seedsman / Upon the slime and ooze scatters his grain.

c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vii]:

Soft, moist earth or clay, having an adhesive quality; viscous mud; any substance of a dirty nature, that is moist, soft, and adhesive; bitumen; mud containing metallic ore, obtained in the preparatory dressing.


snout

From Middle English snowte, snoute, from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German snute (alternatively spelled snuut, snuyt), from Proto-West Germanic *snūt, from Proto-Germanic *snūtaz.
Compare Saterland Frisian Snuute, Dutch snuit or snoet (“snout; cute face”), German Schnauze, Schnute. Doublet of snoot.

морон

anterior prolongation of head of weevil and other insects

A butterfly in the nymphalid subfamily Libytheinae, notable for the snout-like elongation on their heads.