uncircumcised

From Middle English uncircumcised, equivalent to un- + circumcised. Subsidiary definitions are much influenced by traditions of the Abrahamic religions.

A child who is born to an uncircumcised girl is not allowed to live; as one old woman said, 'only women, not children can have children'

1986, Henrietta L. Moore, Space, Text and Gender, →ISBN:

In my tradition, an uncircumcised male cannot be heir to his father's wealth, cannot marry or officiate in tribal rituals.

1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, London: Abacus, published 2010, page 30:

Importantly, the NHSLS demonstrated no differences between uncircumcised and circumcised men in the risk of ever having had gonorrhea, syphilis, urethral infection with microorganisms other than gonorrhea, or genital herpes.

2000, Lawrence Balter, Parenthood in America: An Encyclopedia - Volume 1, →ISBN, page 129:

Surprisingly, few physicians know how to care for uncircumcised boys.

2010, Gary R. Fleisher, Stephen Ludwig, Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, →ISBN, page 32:


parasympathetic nervous system

en-noun

parasympathetic nervous system (plural parasympathetic nervous systems)

parasympathetic nervous systems (plural)

autonomic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

(neuroanatomy) One of the divisions of the autonomic nervous system, based between the brain and the spinal cord, that slows the heart and relaxes muscles.

副交感神経系

ふくこうかんしんけいけい


ancon

From Latin ancōn, from Ancient Greek ἀγκών (ankṓn, “bend, elbow, cranny”).


pectinate

Borrowed from Latin pectinātus (“combed”), from pectinō (“I comb”), from pecten (“comb”). First attested in the mid-18th century.

bor+

The moth's antennae were pectinate in shape, set with long teeth along one edge only.

(anatomy, zoology, botany) Having narrow ridges or projections aligned close together like the teeth of a comb.


sacrarium

en-noun

sacrarium (plural sacrariums or sacraria)

(anatomy) The complex sacrum of any bird.


pituitary body

pituitary body (plural pituitary bodies)

The controlling gland of the endocrine system; located at the base of the brain.


pendrin

pendrin (countable and uncountable, plural pendrins)

(biochemistry) A protein involved in the exchange of chloride and iodide ions across biological membranes.


capitular

From Middle English capituler, from Medieval Latin capitulāris, from Latin capitulum (“a small head, a chapter”).

der

the capitular process of a vertebra

(botany, anatomy) pertaining to a capitulum


leptin

en-noun

leptin (countable and uncountable, plural leptins)

Ancient Greek λεπτός (leptós, “thin”) + -in

If we could control leptin, then presumably we could help people to control their weight.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 171:

That is because sleep affects two appetite-controlling hormones, leptin and ghrelin.

2022 February 26, Ruth Alexander, “The surprising links between what you eat and how well you sleep”, in BBC News, BBC, retrieved 2022-02-27:

(biochemistry) A protein hormone produced in adipose tissue; it plays a role in regulating appetite and metabolism.


urethral

/jʊˈɹiːθɹəl/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-urethral.wav

From urethra + -al. By surface analysis, urethr- + -al.


cystic

From Middle French cystique, from Ancient Greek κύστις (kústis).

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the gall bladder or the urinary bladder.


styled

en-adj

styled (comparative more styled, superlative most styled)

more styled (comparative)
most styled (superlative)

His styled hair was not as attractive as he thought.


lactational

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-lactational.wav


primordium

In tomato, for example, the first sepal primordium is formed as an outgrowth at the periphery of the apex and the subsequent sepal primordia are initiated in a helical fashion at an angle of approximately 137° from the previous one.

2017, Taylor A. Steeves, Vipen K. Sawhney, Essentials of Developmental Plant Anatomy, Oxford University Press, page 29:

(anatomy) An aggregation of cells that is the first stage in the development of an organ.


mineralocorticoid

Severely undervirilized males may have normal mineralocorticoid activity; fully masculinized males may display salt loss.

2011, Christine A. Gleason, Sandra E. Juul, Avery's Diseases of the Newborn, page 1301:

(biochemistry, steroids) Any of a group of steroid hormones, characterised by their similarity to aldosterone and their influence on salt and water metabolism.

電解質コルチコイド

でんかいしつコルチコイド


progestagen

(biochemistry, steroids) The steroid hormone progesterone.

(biochemistry, steroids) Any of a class of synthetic hormones which produce effects similar to progesterone (the only natural progestagen) and have antiestrogenic and antigonadotropic properties.


ergosterol

en-noun

ergosterol (countable and uncountable, plural ergosterols)

Terbinafine has a unique mechanism of action among the antifugal agents (Petranyi et al, 1984; Balfour and Faulds, 1992), inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a key sterol component in the plasma membrane of the fungal cell.

2003, Peter G. Pappas, “Terbinafine”, in William E. Dismukes, Peter G. Pappas, Jack D. Sobel, editors, Clinical Mycology, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 104:

(biochemistry, steroids, mycology) The steroid precursor of vitamin D₂. It is found in cell membranes of fungi, and is their functional equivalent of cholesterol. It is also found in the membranes of some protists.


centrad

(medicine, anatomy, archaic) Toward the center.


coagulase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that induces coagulation

(biochemistry) Specifically, the enzyme produced by various Staphylococcus species that converts fibrinogen to fibrin


coronad

en-adv

coronad (comparative more coronad, superlative most coronad)

more coronad (comparative)
most coronad (superlative)

Besides its axis, therefore, the Malleus possesses a pivot, which projects coronad or superiorly to the bony ring of the membrana tympani and antinio-basilad or anteriorily and inferiorily to its own head […]

1808 May, The Medical and Physical Journal, volume 19, number 111, page 396:

This canal is formed basilad or inferiorly by the crura cerebri g, and superiorly or coronad by the posterior commissure p […]

1825, John Lizars, A System of Anatomical Plates:

The facial branch of the left antler differs from the right one in being slender, round, and tapering throughout, and in curving coronad from near its commencement.

1854, Edward Forbes, editor, The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Herald:


eyewash

en-noun

eyewash (usually uncountable, plural eyewashes)

an eyewash station on every floor of the building

a bottle of eyewash

(countable, uncountable) The washing out of the eyes with copious solution (usually water alone) to quickly remove an irritant, as for example in laboratories and industrial plants; the washing solution itself.

(countable, uncountable) A soothing medicated lotion for the eyes.

Talking of being eaten by dogs, there's a dachshund at Brinkley who when you first meet him will give you the impression that he plans to convert you into a light snack between his regular meals. Pay no attention. It's all eyewash. […] He wouldn't hurt a fly, but he has to put up a front because his name's Poppet. One can readily appreciate that when a dog hears himself addressed day in and day out as Poppet, he feels he must throw his weight about. His self-respect demands it.

1960, P. G. Wodehouse, chapter XI, in Jeeves in the Offing:

(uncountable, slang, figurative) Camouflage; disguise; false front; pretense; nonsense.


eyewash

en-verb

eyewash (third-person singular simple present eyewashes, present participle eyewashing, simple past and past participle eyewashed)

eyewashes (present singular third-person)
eyewashing (participle present)
eyewashed (participle past)
eyewashed (past)

But others said that eyewashing was a standard security practice that had been in existence for decades.

2016 January 31, “‘Eyewash’: How the CIA deceives its own workforce about operations”, in The New York Times:

(intelligence) To keep information secret by sending false information to many people in one's own organization, and correct information to a select few.


hymeneal

en-adj

hymeneal (comparative more hymeneal, superlative most hymeneal)

more hymeneal (comparative)
most hymeneal (superlative)

From Latin hymenaeus (from Ancient Greek ὑμεναῖος (humenaîos, “matrimonial”)) + -al. Compare hymen.

uder

‘It doesn't seem to qualify as a haemorrhage,’ he said, with his usual cocky certainty. ‘Just heavy hymeneal bleeding, I'd say.’

1978, AS Byatt, The Virgin in the Garden, page 422:

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the hymen.


distad

en-adv

distad (comparative more distad, superlative most distad)

more distad (comparative)
most distad (superlative)

(anatomy) Toward a distal part; on the distal side of; distally.


lactoflavin

en-noun

lactoflavin (usually uncountable, plural lactoflavins)


ergocalciferol

ergocalciferol (countable and uncountable, plural ergocalciferols)

From ergo- + calciferol. The calciferous ergosterol.

Constituent of vitamin D₁ and vitamin D₂.


cholecalciferol

cholecalciferol (countable and uncountable, plural cholecalciferols)

From chole- + calciferol. The calciferous cholesterol.


sitocalciferol

From sito- + calciferol. The calciferous sitosterol.


calciferol

Coined in 1931 as a blend of calciferous + sterol (see quote below).

Owing to the exceptional difficulty of purification in the sterol group, we cannot yet be certain that this substance is a single compound, but we think the provisional adoption of a new name is justified, for the sake of convenience, and suggest “Calciferol” in view of the high antirachitic activity of the substance.

1931 June 1, T. C. Angus, F. A. Askew, R. B. Bourdillon, Hilda M. Bruce, Robert Kenneth Callow, Catherine Fischmann, J. St L. Philpot, T. A. Webster, “A crystalline antirachitic substance”, in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, volume 108, number 757, →DOI, page 340:


vaginally

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-vaginally.wav

It would have been advisable to examine Conchita vaginally to see how far she was in labour.

2002, Jennifer Worth, Call the Midwife, Phoenix (2012), page 286:

route of administration
route of administration

Via the vagina, as (usually, more specifically) by the vaginal route of administration.


valvular

From New Latin valvularis (“valvular”), from valvula (“valvule, small valve”) + Latin āris (“-ar: forming adjectives”).

It was Charles Sherrington (1857–1952) who named that valvular connection (later found to be a gap) the synapse.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 516:

(medicine, biology) Of or pertaining to valves, such as those of the heart.


sternal

(anatomy) Of, relating to, or near the sternum.


megaphyll

(botany) A leaf having an internally branching system of veins, or a structure that is derived from such a leaf.


vascular tissue

vascular tissue (countable and uncountable, plural vascular tissues)

(zoology, anatomy) The arteries, veins, capillaries, and associated tissues in an animal.


rotular

en-adj

rotular (comparative more rotular, superlative most rotular)

more rotular (comparative)
most rotular (superlative)

rotular surface

rotular groove

(anatomy) Of or relating to the rotula, or kneecap.


sellar

(anatomy) Relating to the sella turcica.


impacted

impacted (comparative more impacted, superlative most impacted)

more impacted (comparative)
most impacted (superlative)

Being the last teeth to erupt in the oral cavity, many wisdom teeth are impacted.

(dentistry) Of a tooth, subject to dental impaction.


Iroquois

/ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɔɪ/

/ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɑː/

Attested in American English since the 1660s, from French Iroquois, Hiroquois (attested since the early 1600s). The ultimate origin is uncertain.
theories
Missionary Charles Arnaud derived it from Montagnais irno-kué (“terrible people”). Linguist Gordon Day notes that though no form irno "person" is attested, one is plausible (given iriniou and ilnu), but application to a non-Montagnais is unlikely, and kué is too short: the root is kwet-. Day finds support for a longer form kwedɛč ("an Iroquois", lit. "terrible, frightening person") in Pacifique's Micmac grammar, in "goetètjg", and sees "fairly good indications that the name [i.e. kwedɛč] was an ancient one for Iroquoian peoples generally", but then "irno kwedɛč" would awkwardly mean "a person, an Iroquois", which could not have been a usual term. Day theorizes the awkward phrase may nonetheless have been uttered by some interpreter and used thereafter by the unaware French, or alternatively the Montagnais may have borrowed an Iroquoian autonym whereafter Montagnais folk-etymologizers adapted it to resemble those words; for example, Mohawk i-ih rongwe (“man”) would have entered Montagnais as /iːrohkwe/. (Some earlier scholars proposed that an Iroquoian term like the Mohawk term was the direct etymon of the French.)
Linguist Peter Bakker alternatively proposes that the etymon is a Basque pidgin word (h)ilokoa "killers" (mirroring Algonquian names for the Iroquois), from hil (“to kill”) and a suffix -koa (“those of”) which may be the source of some other tribal names ending in -quois. Hilokoa, as Brad Loewen notes, is ungrammatical in standard Basque (Loewen suggests irikoa (“those of the walled town”) as an alternative etymon).

A member of a confederacy of (originally) five Native American (Indian) tribes: the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas. Also known as the Iroquois League.


horsetail

From Middle English horsetaile, horstaile, equivalent to horse + tail.

(anatomy) cauda equina, a bundle of nerve fibers.


lactase

en-noun

lactase (countable and uncountable, plural lactases)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-lactase.wav

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A β-galactosidase enzyme that is involved in the hydrolysis of the disaccharide lactose into constituent galactose and glucose monomers.


palea

In a single Brazilian species, doubtfully referred to Brickellia, a few pales occur toward the edge of the disk.

1917, Benjamin Lincoln Robinson, A Monograph of the Genus Brickellia:

(botany) One of the chaffy scales or bractlets growing on the receptacle of many compound flowers, such as the sunflower.


wash-and-wear

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-wash-and-wear.wav

(of a hairstyle) Not requiring styling or special tools; able to be washed and naturally air-dried.


telomerase

(biochemistry, genetics) An enzyme in eukaryotic cells that adds a specific sequence of DNA to the telomeres of chromosomes after they divide; gives the chromosomes stability over time.


mutase

(biochemistry) An isomerase that catalyzes the shifting of a functional group from one position to another within the same molecule


rebase

en-verb

rebase (third-person singular simple present rebases, present participle rebasing, simple past and past participle rebased)

rebases (present singular third-person)
rebasing (participle present)
rebased (participle past)
rebased (past)

(dentistry) To replace the base of a denture.


gluteal

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gluteal.wav

These [boys being groomed as prostitutes] are sold by their parents (sometimes stolen from them), about the age of 4, and educated, while they are also subjected to a special physical training, which includes massage of the gluteal regions to favor development, dilatation of the anus, and epilation (which is not, however, practised by Chinese women).

1927, Havelock Ellis, Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 2 (of 6):


gluteal

(anatomy) Any of the muscles of the buttocks, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus


diddle

en-noun

diddle (countable and uncountable, plural diddles)

From dialectal duddle (“to trick”) (16th century), and diddle, duddle (“to totter”) (17th century), perhaps dissimilated from dialectal didder, dither (“to shake, tremble”), from Middle English dideren (“to shake, quiver, tremble”) and Middle English bididren (“to seduce, deceive”), from Old English bedidrian, bedyderian (“to trick, deceive”). Compare also Saterland Frisian diedelje (“to play or sing without a melody”), Dutch bedodden, bedotten (“to trick, fool, diddle”), German Low German Diedeldentjes (“pranks, pranking”). Possibly influenced or reinforced by the name (which itself was probably chosen as an allusion to duddle) of the swindling character Jeremy Diddler in Kenney's Raising the Wind (1803).
Meaning "to have sex with" is from the 19th century; "to masturbate" is from the 1950s. Compare dildo.

cog

(music, countable) In percussion, two consecutive notes played by the same hand (either RR or LL), similar to the drag, except that by convention diddles are played the same speed as the context in which they are placed.

[…] a long, wooden porch good for listening to coyotes and owls, with a glass of diddle at hand.

2008, William Least Heat-Moon, Roads to Quoz: An American Mosey:


diddle

en-verb

diddle (third-person singular simple present diddles, present participle diddling, simple past and past participle diddled)

diddles (present singular third-person)
diddling (participle present)
diddled (participle past)
diddled (past)

→ Kashubian: dydlowac (United States)

Coordinate term: twiddle

(transitive, computing, slang) To manipulate a value at the level of individual bits (binary digits).


diddle

What's that tune that goes "diddle di-dum, diddle di-dum, diddle di-dum-dum"?

A meaningless word used when singing a tune or indicating a rhythm.


segment

From Latin segmentum (“a piece cut off, a strip, segment of the earth, a strip of tinsel”), from secāre (“to cut”).

der

a segment of an orange; a segment of a compound or divided leaf

The ability of a segment of a glass sphere to magnify whatever is placed before it was known around the year 1000, when the spherical segment was called a reading stone,[…]. Scribes, illuminators, and scholars held such stones directly over manuscript pages as an aid in seeing what was being written, drawn, or read.

2013 September-October, Henry Petroski, “The Evolution of Eyeglasses”, in American Scientist:

One of the parts into which any body naturally separates or is divided; a part divided or cut off; a section; a portion.

дял

one of the parts into which any body naturally separates or is divided; a part divided or cut off

In Lejeuneaceae vegetative branches normally originate from the basiscopic basal portion of a lateral segment half, as in the Radulaceae, and the associated leaves, therefore, are quite unmodified.

1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 5:

(botany) A portion of an organ whose cells are derived from a single cell within the primordium from which the organ developed.

jaoke

botany: portion of an organ derived from a single cell within the primordium

(zoology) One of several parts of an organism, with similar structure, arranged in a chain; such as a vertebra, or a third of an insect's thorax.

jaoke

zoology: one of several parts of an organism, with similar structure, arranged in a chain

(computing) A region of memory or a fragment of an executable file designated to contain a particular part of a program.

segmentti

computing: region of memory or a fragment of an executable file designated to contain a particular part of a program


hypertonic

en-adj

hypertonic (comparative more hypertonic, superlative most hypertonic)

more hypertonic (comparative)
most hypertonic (superlative)

(anatomy) Having a very high muscular tension; spastic.


tresses

a head of hair, particularly when the hair is of length


root canal

(anatomy) The hollow part of the root of a tooth, containing the nerve and blood vessels.

(dentistry) A surgical operation on a root canal, typically filling it with gutta-percha.


chignon

Borrowed from French chignon circa 1780, when the hairstyle was in fashion.

The chignon cannot be confounded with other artificialities which ladies put on and off.

1867, “Chignonology”, in Living Age, volume 92, page 761:

Madame du Barry could not merely be credited with inventing the chignons which bear her name.

1914 [1878], Madame Du Barry, London: J. Long, translation of La du Barry by Edmond de Goncourt and Jules de Goncourt, page 88:

If I close my eyes I can see Marie today as I saw her then. Round, rosy face, snub nose, dark hair piled up in a chignon.

1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 2, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:

The physician should evaluate for a history of tight ponytails, buns, chignons, braids, twists, weaves, cornrows, dreadlocks, sisterlocks, and hair wefts in addition to the usage of religious hair coverings.

2021, Becky S. Li, Howard I. Maibach, Ethnic Skin and Hair and Other Cultural Considerations, page 154:

A roll or twist of hair worn at the nape of the neck; a bun.


close shave

He used a new razor blade for a good close shave.

A shave that is very short or near the skin.


It is a tryptamine with a hydroxyl group attached to the carbon atom that is numbered as 5.


proprioceptor

Coined by English neurophysiologist Charles Sherrington in 1906, originally in the spelling proprio-ceptor, from proprius + clipped receptor.

coin

(anatomy) A nerve ending that functions as a sensory receptor in muscles, tendons, joints and the inner ear; they respond to movement and position


elastase

en-noun

elastase (countable and uncountable, plural elastases)

An endopeptidase enzyme involved in the breakdown of elastin.


chymotrypsin

chymotrypsin (countable and uncountable, plural chymotrypsins)

(biochemistry) An endopeptidase enzyme that cleaves peptides at the carboxyl side of tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine amino acids.


epithelial

These included multilobular consolidation with histiological lesions of bronchiolitis with epithelial necrosis and syncytia [14 ].

2015 November 17, “Single Pathogen Challenge with Agents of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the epithelium.


catalase

catalase (countable and uncountable, plural catalases)

An enzyme found in the liver that catalyses the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.

過氧化氫酶 /过氧化氢酶 (guòyǎnghuàqīng méi, literally “hydrogen peroxide enzyme”)


elastin

elastin (countable and uncountable, plural elastins)

Our stomachs produce an enzyme specifically designed to break down elastin, a type of protein found in meat and nowhere else.

2006, Michael Pollan, The Omnivore's Dilemma, The Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 289:

(biochemistry) A protein, similar to collagen, found in connective tissue, that has elastic properties.

élastine

protein with elastic properties, similar to collagen


ductless gland

(anatomy) Any gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream; especially the endocrine gland


pomatum

pomatum (countable and uncountable, plural pomatums)

From Medieval Latin pomatum (“cider, ointment”), from Latin pōmum (“fruit, apple”) + -ātum (“-ate: forming nouns”). Doublet of pomate, pomade, and pomace.

bor

There is likewise made an ointment with the pulpe of Apples and Swines grease and Rose water, which is vsed to beautifie the face... called in shops Pomatum, of the Apples whereof it is made.

1597, John Gerard, The Herball..., volume III, page 1276:

Pomatum, which is of much use to soften and supple the roughnesse of the skin.

1657, William Coles, Adam in Eden..., page 258:

(uncommon, historical) Synonym of ointment, particularly thick waxy ointments scented with fruit used to beautify the skin or hair.

[W]hen we were to assemble in the morning at breakfast, down came my wife and daughters, drest out in all their former splendour: their hair plaistered up with pomatum, their faces patched to taste, their trains bundled up into an heap behind, and rustling at every motion.

1766, [Oliver Goldsmith], chapter 4, in The Vicar of Wakefield: […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), Salisbury, Wiltshire: […] B. Collins, for F[rancis] Newbery, […], →OCLC:

On a huge tomb-like table in the middle of the room, lay two pencilled profiles of Mr. Fielding[…]; to these were added a cracked pomatum-pot containing ink, and a scrap of paper, […]

1829, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], chapter V, in Devereux. A Tale. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC:

(uncommon) Synonym of pomade, a kind of thick waxy hair product used as a styling gel.

pomade

(uncommon, obsolete) Synonym of cider, a soft or hard drink made from apples.


pomatum

en-verb

pomatum (third-person singular simple present pomatums, present participle pomatuming, simple past and past participle pomatumed)

pomatums (present singular third-person)
pomatuming (participle present)
pomatumed (participle past)
pomatumed (past)

(transitive, uncommon) Synonym of pomade: to apply pomade.


road rash

Coordinate term: rink rash

(colloquial) skin and bone injury caused by abrasion with road surfaces


lipase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes which catalyses the hydrolysis of lipids.


reductase

disulfide reduction by glutathione is a three-step process, the last of which is catalyzed by glutathione reductase

2008, Louis J. Casarett, Curtis D. Klaassen, Casarett and Doull's toxicology: the basic science of poisons, McGraw-Hill Professional, page 187:

(biochemistry) An enzyme that chemically reduces its substrate.


catechol oxidase

(biochemistry) An enzyme, similar to tyrosinase, that catalyses the oxidation of phenols such as catechol.


peroxidase

Furthermore, wedelolactone also increased the activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and decreased the level of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver, therefore decreasing the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT).

2015 July 14, “Wedelolactone Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Improves Hepatic Steatosis Partly by AMPK Activation and Up-Regulation of Expression of PPARα/LPL and LDLR”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes that act on substrates such as hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides such as lipid peroxides.


diastase

From Ancient Greek διάστασις (diástasis, “separation”).

uder

(biochemistry) Any one of a group of enzymes which catalyse the breakdown of starch into maltose; mostly amylases (α-amylase and β-amylase).

diastaasi

enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of starch into maltose


proteid

When strong nitric acid is added to an aqueous solution of any of the proteids, a white precipitate forms, which turns yellow on heating the liquid.

1907, R. Douglas Bailey, The Brewer's Analyst, page 89:

1914, Eugene Christian, Encyclopedia of Diet: A Treatise on the Food Question, Digital Edition, unnumbered page,
The proteid substances in the body must be formed from proteids taken in the form of food, because only proteid foods contain the element nitrogen. All proteids contain nitrogen, but all nitrogen does not contain protein. All proteids, therefore, are nitrogenous compounds.

1996, Arnold Eiloart (translator and editor), M. Bircher-Benner, Food Science for All and a New Sunlight Theory of Nutrition, page 12,
It was in the forties of the last century that the great chemist, Justus Liebig, brought the chemistry of food up to this point. As he believed moreover that proteids provide not only the building-material of living substance, but also muscular power, he regarded it as a nourishing principle.


Ruffini's corpuscle

en-noun

Ruffini's corpuscle (plural Ruffini's corpuscles)

The synaptic ending of the sensory nervous system which are encapsulated and respond to stretch and torque. These responses are propagated back to dorsal root ganglia in the form of an action potential.


supra-

Learned borrowing from Latin suprā- (“above, over, beyond”).

lbor

Above, over, on top; (anatomy, medicine) superior


goldilocks

From goldy + locks. Goldilocks is a traditional children's story and its protagonist.

A person with golden hair, especially a girl with long hair.


ecchymosis

en-noun

ecchymosis (countable and uncountable, plural ecchymoses)

From New Latin ecchymōsis, from Ancient Greek ἐκχύμωσις (ekkhúmōsis), from ἐκχέω (ekkhéō, “I pour out”), from ἐκ- (ek-, “out”) + χέω (khéō, “I pour”).

A diseased condition of the skin has often been mistaken for stigmatic marks. Such, for instance, is ecchymosis, a discoloration of the skin due to the extravasation of subcutaneous blood.

1978, Benjamin Walker, Encyclopedia of Metaphysical Medicine, Routledge, page 273:

A skin discoloration caused by bleeding underneath the skin, especially one that is remote from a site of trauma or caused by a nontraumatic process (such as neoplasia).

синина

leaking of blood into the tissues of the body as a result of a bruise


kinase

From Ancient Greek κινεῖν (kineîn, “to move”) + -ase, a suffix forming enzyme names.

uder

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that transfer phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific target molecules (substrates), in a process termed phosphorylation.


eccentric contraction

en-noun

eccentric contraction (plural eccentric contractions)

(anatomy) The tensioning of a muscle as it is being lengthened


extracellular matrix

extracellular matrix (plural extracellular matrices)

connective tissue
connective tissue#English

(anatomy, cytology, histology) All the microscopic fibres and other molecular structures that are produced by a particular type of cell but are not part of it (that is, that lie outside its cell membrane), providing support to the cells and often serving as a co-constituent of the tissue that they constitute, especially a connective tissue.


RA

(anatomy, medicine) Initialism of right atrium.


FDC

follicular dendritic cell
follicular dendritic cell#English

(anatomy) Initialism of follicular dendritic cell.


sudoriferous

From the Latin sūdōrifer (“bearing sweat”). The term originally came from the Latin sūdor (“sweat”) from the Latin verb sūdō (“I sweat”) + -i- + -fer (“-fer, that which carries”) from the Latin verb ferō (“I bring”) + -ous (forming -ferous).


wienie

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-wienie.wav

“With all his education, mind you. Selling weenies out on the street in the broad daylight.”

1963 (date written), John Kennedy Toole, A Confederacy of Dunces, London: Penguin Books, published 1980 (1981 printing), →ISBN:

(Canada, US, informal) A wiener sausage.


wiglet

TV personality Shari Lewis, proud skipperess of a new Owens cruiser. demonstrates a bit of legerdemain with wiglets — small hairpieces that, properly twined, will solve nautical grooming problems.

1964 July 2, Motorboating, volume 114, number 1, page 68:


MOD

(dentistry) Initialism of mesio-occlusal-distal.


sunburn

en-verb

sunburn (third-person singular simple present sunburns, present participle sunburning, simple past and past participle sunburned or (mostly Commonwealth) sunburnt)

sunburns (present singular third-person)
sunburning (participle present)
sunburned (participle past)
sunburned (past)
sunburnt (Commonwealth participle past)
sunburnt (Commonwealth past)

From Middle English *sunne burnen, *sonne brennen, *sunne brennen (suggested by derivatives sonne brennynge, sunne brennynge (“sunburn”, literally “sun-burning”) and sunne brente (“sunburnt”), equivalent to sun + burn. Compare West Frisian sinnebrân (“sunburn”), Dutch zonnebrand (“sunburn”), German Sonnenbrand (“sunburn”), Swedish solbränna (“sunburn”), and Icelandic sólbruni (“sunburn”), as well as Old English sunbryne (“sunburn”).

My Aunt charg’d me not to pull off my Glove for fear of Sun-burning my hand.

1668, John Dryden, Sir Martin Mar-all, London: H. Herringman, act II, page 11:

As we crossed the Colorado-Utah border I saw God in the sky in the form of huge gold sunburning clouds above the desert […]

1957, Jack Kerouac, chapter 1, in On the Road, Viking Press, →OCLC, part 3:

“Oh shoot, I’ve sunburned the top half of my boobs,” she said, frowning down her chest.

1989, Barbara Kingsolver, chapter 7, in The Bean Trees, New York: Harper and Row, page 95:

If you are serious about protecting your eyes, look into wearing goggles or alpine glasses that protect the sides of the eyes as well as the direct path of light into them. I once hiked up Mary’s Glacier wearing only a hat. That night after the hike I couldn’t sleep. I had sunburnt my eyes. It felt like hot pokers were being stuffed into my head. I could not open my eyes for four days.

1998, Kevin Ryan, The Illustrated Guide to Snowboarding, Masters Press, The McGraw-Hill Companies, →ISBN, page 106:

(transitive) To burn or tan (someone's skin) by the sun; to allow (a part of one's body) to become sunburnt.


mamelon

(dentistry) A protrusion on a newly erupted tooth.


wild-eyed

en-adj

wild-eyed (comparative more wild-eyed, superlative most wild-eyed)

more wild-eyed (comparative)
most wild-eyed (superlative)

A better study it seems to me could be about why some heteros are so wild-eyed obsessed with us, their hate, the kind of leaders they choose to follow in their greed and prejudice, and their need for someone to persecute.

1989 December 10, Zane Gilstrap, “Speculations About Why We're Gay”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 22, page 5:

In the mirror a wild-eyed, peroxided stranger who had clearly gone insane stared back at me.

Having a glaring expression suggesting madness or terror.


tectorium

(anatomy) The tectorial membrane that covers the cochlear duct.


hypertrichosis

en-noun

hypertrichosis (countable and uncountable, plural hypertrichoses)

A medical condition of excessive body hair, either affecting most of the torso and limbs, or localized to an area of skin. It may be mild or severe.


five o'clock shadow

five o'clock shadow (plural five o'clock shadows)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-five o'clock shadow.wav

1942, US, advertising copy written by Jules B. Singer of the Federal Advertising Agency for the Gem brand of safety razors, made by the American Safety Razor Company.

Men Wanted Without 5 O’Clock Shadow! To get on her wanted list, you must put your best face forward. Avoid “5 o’clock shadow” — that messy afternoon beard-growth. Stay face-neat all day long by shaving with a genuine Gem Blade.

(informal) A beard growth visible late in the day on the face of a man that was clean-shaven in the morning.

American Safety Razor Company
five o'clock shadow


gladiolus

gladiolus (plural gladioli or gladioluses)

/ɡlædɪˈəʊləs/

From Latin gladiolus (“little sword, sword lily”), diminutive of gladius (“sword”).

der

(anatomy) The center part of the sternum.


trichome

From French trichome, from New Latin trichoma, from Ancient Greek τρίχωμα (tríkhōma), from θρίξ (thríx, “hair”) or independently from tricho- + -ome. Doublet of trichoma.

(botany) A hair- or scale-like extension of the epidermis of a plant.


wrinkly

en-adj

wrinkly (comparative wrinklier, superlative wrinkliest)

wrinklier (comparative)
wrinkliest (superlative)


raven-haired

raven-haired (comparative more raven-haired, superlative most raven-haired)

more raven-haired (comparative)
most raven-haired (superlative)

`Attractive, raven-haired, about twenty-three and with a figure like Diana Dors.'

1965, James Holledge, What Makes a Call Girl?, London: Horwitz Publications, page 101:

Having hair that is very black and lustrous.

黒髪の

having hair that is very black and lustrous


twisty

twisty (comparative twistier, superlative twistiest)

twistier (comparative)
twistiest (superlative)

lost in a twisty labyrinth

"When he had religion he used to be always hammerin' up seats and summer-houses and things out of bits of twisty wood. Mad over that, he was."

1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 136:

Characterised by a twist or twists; twisting.


twisty

I was introduced to the panorama of twisties, barrettes, hair and scalp conditioner (basically hair grease), brushes for every occasion and narrow- and wide-tooth combs.

2007 March 22, Randal C. Archibold, “I Have Taken on My Daughter’s Hair and Won”, in New York Times:

A strand of hair twisted together in a braid-like fashion

The document is divided up into a number of sections controlled by twisties.

1998, Steve Oliver, Pete Wood, Lotus Domino Web Site Development, page 96:

graphical user interface
graphical user interface

(graphical user interface) A collapsible element having a marker such as a small triangle that rotates between horizontal and vertical positions to indicate whether the content is currently hidden or expanded.


aerial root

(botany) Any adventitious root that grows from a plant stem above ground.


suprarenal gland

en-noun

suprarenal gland (plural suprarenal glands)

(anatomy) The adrenal gland, which is located just above the kidney in humans.


mouche

They lent him a worn aspect which not even a fiercely erect little mustache and a tiny mouche beneath the lower lip could counteract.

The hair and beard are represented by a plastic mass : the mouche under the lower lip radiates outward and the moustache consists of two separate strands ending in spirals.

1921, Elizabeth Douglas Van Buren, Figurative terra-cotta revetments in etruria and Latium: in the VI. and V. centuries B.C., page 9:

In the colonial period, the taste for red lips and cheeks came and went, as did fashions for mouches and wigs.

2006, Linda M. Scott, Fresh Lipstick: Redressing Fashion and Feminism, Macmillan, →ISBN, page 203:

LA is very thin, wears a thin mustache and a tiny beatnik mouche under his lower lip. His brown hair is shoulder length. Mike is surfer-blond, like Ricky in Germany; his hair is shorter, accentuating his somewhat pudgy countenance.

2014, Jack B. Rochester, Madrone, Wheatmark, Inc., →ISBN:

A soul patch, especially in a historical (pre-modern) context.

Small stickers or patches affixed to the face as a beauty mark.


spare tyre

An extra tyre carried in case one of the vehicle's tyres is damaged or deflated.


spathe

From Latin spatha, from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē, “blade”). Doublet of epee, spatha, and spade.

(botany) A large bract that envelops or subtends a whole inflorescence, typically a spadix.


spadix

Via Latin spādīx from Ancient Greek σπᾱ́δῑξ (spā́dīx, “palm branch”).

der

The spadix of this plant is frequently quite white, or coloured, and the leaves liable to be streaked with white, and to have black, or scarlet blotches on them.

1789, Erasmus Darwin, The Loves of the Plants, J. Johnson, page 148:

(botany) A fleshy spike (inflorescence) with reduced flowers, usually enclosed by a spathe, characteristic of aroids.

However, the shells of modern nautiluses show the opposite pattern—males are somewhat larger than females, with a wider aperture to accommodate the spadix.

2017, Danna Staaf, Squid Empire, ForeEdge, →ISBN, page 57:

(zoology) A male sexual organ of certain cephalopods and hydrozoans (especially the nautilus), used to transfer sperm.


bursa

Borrowed from Medieval Latin bursa (“purse”), from Ancient Greek βύρσα (búrsa); compare purse and bourse, which are doublets.

A bursa over the anterior aspect of the upper end of the tibia, between the patellar tendon and the tubercle of the tibia, is sometimes enlarged, and may be mistaken for synovitis of the joint.

1899, Roswell Park, A Treatise on Surgery, page 402:

Bursitis is inflammation of a bursa, which results in pain, tenderness, and stiffness and in some cases, swelling and redness.

2004, Dicken Weatherby, Signs and Symptoms Analysis from a Functional Perspective, page 247:

A bursa may be present deep to coracobrachialis tendon.

2011, Neeta V. Kulkarni, Clinical Anatomy (A Problem Solving Approach), page 116:

(anatomy) Any of the many small fluid-filled sacs located at the point where a muscle or tendon slides across bone. These sacs serve to reduce friction between the two moving surfaces.


cochlear

(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the cochlea.


dentin

en-noun

dentin (usually uncountable, plural dentins)

From French dentine, from Latin dens (“tooth”) + English chemical suffix -in / -ine.

The hard, dense calcareous material that makes up the bulk of a tooth.


hypoglossal

From New Latin hypoglōssus + -al, from Ancient Greek ῠ̔πόγλωσσος (hŭpóglōssos, “under the tongue”), from ῠ̔πο- (hŭpo-, “under, hypo-”) + γλῶσσᾰ (glôssă, “tongue”) + -ος (-os, adjectival suffix); equivalent to hypo- + glossal.

af

(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the area under the tongue.

пад'язы́чны

of or pertaining to the area under the tongue — see also sublingual


hypoglossal

hypoglossal nerve
hypoglossal nerve#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of hypoglossal nerve.


arborvitae

[ˌɑɹbɚˈvaɪɾi]

[ˌɑɹbɚˈvəɪɾi]

/ˌɑɹbɚˈvaɪtə/

From Latin arbor (“tree”) + vitae (“of life”).

(anatomy) The white nerve tissue of the cerebellum that has a branching structure.


ding-a-ling

Near-synonym: ding-dong

The ding-a-ling from the fire truck somehow filled him with more dread than its horn blasts could: for whom does that bell toll?

The sound of a small bell; the sound of a fire engine bell.

Pay no heed to what she hollers — she's a ding-a-ling!

(slang) An eccentric, crazy, or stupid person.

They explained patiently but firmly that he wasn't to play with his ding-a-ling nor try to show it to anyone.


spare tire

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see spare, tire.


cerebrospinal

There was an infection of the cerebrospinal fluid.

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to brain or spine (particularly the spinal cord).


globulin

en-noun

globulin (countable and uncountable, plural globulins)

The most effective approach to delaying and preventing recurrent HBV infection has been high dose immune globulin (anti-HBsIg) perioperatively and postoperatively (table 4).

1993 November 27, Teresa L. Wright, Johnson Y. N. Lau, “Clinical aspects of hepatitis B virus infection”, in The Lancet, volume 342, number 8883, →PMID, page 1342:

On the good news front, the guide reports that a new hepatitis A vaccine, which is now licensed in Europe, should be available in the United States sometime this year. It provides longer protection than the current recommended vaccine -- immune globulin (IG) -- against the hepatitis A virus, which means it does not have to be administered as frequently.

1994 March 20, James Yenckel, “Health in the Tropics”, in The Washington Post:

Even for the unprotected, those who are exposed can expect 90 percent effectiveness with a course of postexposure prophylaxis that includes hepatitis B immune globulin and initiation of hepatitis B vaccine.

2000, Kimbra Cutlip, “Preventing needlestick injuries in healthcare settings”, in Hospital Topics, volume 78, →PMID:

(biochemistry) Any of a group of simple proteins, soluble in water only in the presence of salts, that are coagulated by heat


spermatic

From Middle English spermatik, from Latin spermaticus, from Ancient Greek σπερματικός (spermatikós).

The abdominal portion is supplied from the spermatics, the lumbar, and in some instances the mesocolic artery.

1853, The Encyclopaedia Britannica, page 791:

spermatic artery
spermatic artery#English

(anatomy, archaic) Short for spermatic artery.


barbershop

barbershop (countable and uncountable, plural barbershops)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-barbershop.wav

Coordinate term: beauty parlor

(countable) The place of business of a barber; a store where a person (usually a male) can go to get a haircut.


subfenestral

2002, "Archaeopterygidae", by Andrzej Elzanowski, in Mesozoic Birds, Luis M. Chiappe & Lawrence M. Witmer edd.
The maxilla has a slender nasal process and a long subfenestral part. […] Wellnhofer (1974) and Witmer (1997) reconstructed a fenestrate "ascending ramus" of the maxilla, as found in nonavian theropods.


microsporangium

(botany) A case, capsule or container that holds microspores.


microspore

(botany) The smaller of the two spores produced by plants; compare megaspore.


swim bladder

(anatomy, usually of fish) A gas-filled sac within the bodies of most fish that variously acts as a float, lung, sound-producing organ or an aid to hearing.


sporangium

/spəˈɹænd͡ʒɪəm/

From Late Latin sporangium, from Ancient Greek σπορά (sporá, “seed”) + ἀγγεῖον (angeîon, “vessel”).

Scientific explanations include that exposure to light, lack of moisture or absence of food can cause sporangia to form from the plasmodium. At least one of these three conditions has been present every time I've seen sporangia form.

1993, Sally Stenhouse Kneidel, Creepy Crawlies and the Scientific Method: Over 100 Hands-on Science Experiments for Children, page 81:

Asexual reproduction by the production of a bud in place of a sporangium is not uncommon.

2000, Peter R. Bell, Alan R. Hemsley, Green Plants: Their Origin and Diversity, page 161:

The sporangia, however, are much larger: 3–4 mm long 0.7–1.1 mm in diameter versus only 1–1.5 mm long 0.5–0.8 mm in Corynepteris, and are characteristically banana shaped with a pair of elongate annuli.

2009, Edith L. Taylor, Thomas N. Taylor, Michael Krings, Paleobotany: The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants, page 416:

(botany, mycology) A case, capsule, or container in which spores are produced by an organism.

спора́нгий

a case, capsule, or container in which spores are produced


thatched

a thatched cottage


cremaster

From Ancient Greek κρεμαστήρ (kremastḗr, “suspender”).

uder

(anatomy) A thin muscle attached to the testicles.

(zoology) In the pupae of certain species of butterfly, a hook-shaped protuberance from the rear of the chrysalis casing, by which the caterpillar fixes itself to the pad of silk it has cemented to the underside of a perch.


iliopsoas

en-noun

iliopsoas (plural iliopsoases or iliopsoai)

Look at those iliopsoases working!

5. Muscle tightness: Inflexibility of the hamstrings, the iliotibial tracts, and iliopsoai tends to aggravate lower backache.

1998, Richard Irvin, Duane Iversen, Steven Roy, Sports Medicine: Prevention, Assessment, Management, and Rehabilitation of Athletic Injuries, 2nd edition, Boston: Allyn & Bacon, →ISBN, page 317:

(anatomy) A compound muscle composed of the iliac and psoas muscles.


auricula

auricula (plural auriculae or auriculas)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin auricula (“external ear; ear”). Doublet of auricle.

ubor

(anatomy) A small conical pouch projecting from either atrium of the heart.


sacroiliac

/ˌsækɹoʊˈɪliˌæk/

(anatomy) Relating to the sacrum and ilium, or to the region of the lower back where they are located.


sacroiliac

/ˌsækɹoʊˈɪliˌæk/

(anatomy) The region of the sacrum and the ilium in the lower back.


ubiquitin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of small protein, or polypeptide, present in the cells of all eukaryotes, that play a part in modifying and degrading proteins.


transmural

However, several enterographic findings are associated with increased disease activity, including wall thickening greater than 4 mm, intramural and mesenteric oedema, mucosal hyperaemia, wall enhancement (and enhancement pattern), transmural ulceration and fistula formation, vascular engorgement and inflammatory mesenteric lymph nodes (often with hyperenhancement).

2024, Jennifer Davidson, Beth Shepherd, Sunderarajan Jayaraman, Practice Long Cases for the Part B Final FRCR Examination:

(anatomy) passing through the wall of an organ or any other bodily structure


enterolith

/ˈɛntəɹəˌlɪθ/

/ɛnˈtɛɹəˌlɪθ/

Coined based on Ancient Greek ἔντερον (énteron, “intestine”) + λίθος (líthos, “stone”). By surface analysis, entero- + -lith.


dermal

From derm + -al. First attested in the early 19th century.

etydate

The dermal muscles in the face are used to form expressions.

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to skin or integument (or other forms of tissue)


thyrocalcitonin

en-noun

thyrocalcitonin (countable and uncountable, plural thyrocalcitonins)

(biochemistry) Alternative form of calcitonin.


thyroxine

thyroxine (countable and uncountable, plural thyroxines)

From thyr- (“thyroid”) + ox- (“oxygen”) + -ine.

af

(biochemistry) A hormone (an iodine derivative of tyrosine), produced by the thyroid gland, that regulates cell metabolism and growth.


salivary

/ˈsælɪˌvɛɹi/


salivary

/ˈsælɪˌvɛɹi/

The most striking peculiarity, however, is the presence of a pair of glands (possibly aborted salivaries) apparently issuing from the posterior of the pharynx, and looking like the two ends of a clergyman's bands or cravat.

1914, Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society, page 130:


fasciola

The last-named portion is shaded with lines to indicate that it retreats; it embraces parts of the fasciola and lyra

1883, Burt Green Wilder, On the Brain of a Cat Lacking the Callosum, Preliminary Notics:

(anatomy) A band of grey matter bordering the fimbria in the brain; the dentate convolution.


calcitonin

en-noun

calcitonin (countable and uncountable, plural calcitonins)

Intriguingly, the rat C1b isoform of the calcitonin receptor (CTR) (see Section VI-B) has very little interaction with the thyroidally derived form of calcitonin.

1997, Louis V. Avioli, Metabolic Bone Disease and Clinically Related Disorders, page 98:

(biochemistry) A polypeptide hormone secreted by the thyroid gland that has the effect of lowering blood calcium.


circulatory system

circulatory system (plural circulatory systems)

(technology) The parts of a machine responsible for the circulation of some fluid.


rhomboid protease

rhomboid protease (plural rhomboid proteases)

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymes that cleave proteins within biological membranes allowing release of effector domains from the membrane


fibular

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the fibula


slap-headed

(British, slang) Having a bald or shaven head


falsie

(colloquial, chiefly in the plural) A false eyelash, used as a cosmetic enhancement.


mucro

Borrowed from Latin mucro. From 17th century.

(botany, zoology) A pointed end, often sharp, abruptly terminating an organ, such as a projection at the tip of a leaf; the posterior tip of a cuttlebone; or the distal part of the furcula in Collembola.


iter

This fluid passes through the main iters which connect the various ventricles and filters through the thin membranes of the brain and cord, equalizing the pressure at all points.

1916, Mayo Clinic, Collected Papers of the Mayo Clinic and the Mayo Foundation, page 869:

(anatomy) A passage, especially the passage between the third and fourth ventricles in the brain; the cerebral aqueduct.


bezoar

From Spanish bezoar and/or French bézoard, based on Arabic بَازَهْر (bāzahr), from Middle Persian pʾtzhl (pādzahr, “bezoar, antidote”), from a compound of words meaning “to protect” and “poison” (literally “killing thing”), thus a bezoar was “that which protects against poison”. In ancient times, bezoars from animals were ground up and ingested as remedies for various maladies and as antidotes to poisons.

der

A mass, usually of hair or undigested vegetable matter, found in a human or animal's intestines, similar to a hairball.


hemagglutinin

en-noun

hemagglutinin (countable and uncountable, plural hemagglutinins)

(biochemistry) An antigenic glycoprotein that causes agglutination of red blood cells


homo milk

homo milk (usually uncountable, plural homo milks)


retouch

en-verb

retouch (third-person singular simple present retouches, present participle retouching, simple past and past participle retouched)

retouches (present singular third-person)
retouching (participle present)
retouched (participle past)
retouched (past)

For time ſhall with his ready pencil ſtand;
Retouch your figures with his ripening hand;
Mellow your colors, and imbrown the teint;
Add every grace, which time alone can grant;
To future ages ſhall your fame convey,
And give more beauties than he takes away.

a. 1701 (date written), John Dryden, “Epistle the Fourteenth. To Sir Godfrey Kneller, Principal Painter to His Majesty.”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume II, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, →OCLC, page 201:

(transitive) To improve something (especially a photograph), by adding or correcting details, or by removing flaws.

ретуширам

to improve something, especially a photograph


-cula

Denoting things associated with, or compared to, Dracula: Count Chocula, Bunnicula etc.


hydathode

(botany) A tissue, in the leaves of many plants, that contains microscopic pores through which water is excreted.


floret

From Old French florete, diminutive of flor (“flower”). Doublet of fleuret and floweret.

A small flower, especially one of a cluster in a composite flower.


phosphoprotein

(biochemistry) any protein containing bound phosphate or complexed with a phospholipid


medial collateral ligament

en-noun

medial collateral ligament (plural medial collateral ligaments)

(anatomy) One of the four main ligaments of the knee.


acrosin

(biochemistry) A proteolytic enzyme, found in the acrosome of spermatozoa, that enables penetration of the egg.


anconad

This articulation of the metacarpal bone of the thumb is luxated either thenad or anconad of the os trapezium; when thenad, there is a prominence in the palm of the hand, the finger is extended anconad, and cannot be inflected thenad; when luxated anconad, there is a projection on the anconal aspect of the wrist, the thumb is inflected thenad, and cannot be extended.

1823, John Lizars, A System of Anatomical Plates of the Human Body, volume 1:


hat hair

But winter can also be judged by the prominence of another scourge, one that is especially irksome in a city that places a premium on being well-groomed and immaculately coiffed: hat hair.

2003 February 17, Elissa Gootman, “A Chill Most Bitter: Learning to Accept Hat Hair”, in New York Times, retrieved 2018-03-13:

Beanie hair: Officially the worst hat hair to have: flat, fuzzy and drab.

2012 December 7, Zara, "The Measure: what's hot and what's not," Guardian (UK) (retrieved 13 March 2018)

(idiomatic) An accidental messy hairdo resulting from the wearing of a hat.


maidenhair

maidenhair (countable and uncountable, plural maidenhairs)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-maidenhair.wav

He fingered shreds of hair, her maidenhair, her mermaid's into the bowl

His fingers tore at her maidenhair. Gasping, she recoiled for long enough to allow him entry.

1979, Georgianna Bell, Passionate Jade, page 326:

Some said they'd seen her over by Death's-Door, with bloodstains on her dress, which was so white and transparent they were seized with shame and fear at the faint beauty of her breasts and the eternal modesty of her maidenhair.

1987, Pierre Clitandre, Cathedral of the August Heat, page 152:

She grabbed at her maidenhair as the garment eluded her frantic grasp and formed a puddle of cloth at her feet.

1989, Robert Solotaroff, Bernard Malamud: A Study of the Short Fiction, page 116:

She turns and her small breasts are firm in the fading light, the flower of her navel, the darkening delta of her maidenhair and her thighs rising out of the water, the water tiny golden gifts against her skin;

2013, John F. Deane, Snow Falling on Chestnut Hill: New and Selected Poems:

(uncountable, poetic) A woman's pubic hair.


seedcase

(botany) A pouch-like structure of a plant that encloses the seeds.


pee-pee

pee-pee (countable and uncountable, plural pee-pees)

Probably a reduplication of pee, but compare French pipi, German Pipi, Italian pipì, Latin pipinna, Romanian pipi, Spanish pipí, Turkish pipi, and Greek πιπί (pipí).

[…]while passing the sponge over the upper part of the little fellow's thighs, the nurse cried out, "O, doctor! be very careful—don't touch his pee-pee—it's very sore;" and upon examining his penis I found it in a state of extreme erection.

1875, Lewis A. Sayre, Lectures on Orthopedic Surgery and diseases of the joints, page 14:

A pee-pee for making Wee-Wee.

Using the word familiar to Claude[…], I said that he seemed to be afraid that he would lose "his pee-pee", since he imagined that his sister and his mother had lost theirs[…]

2001, A.H. Brafman, Untying the Knot: Working with Children and Parents:

While washing her daughter's hair, Suzie looked up and asked her if she would wash her "pee-pee" too.

2001, R. Timothy Kearney, Caring for Sexually Abused Children, page 11:

When asked if Hubie touched her pee-pee or if she touched Hubie's pee-pee, she repeatedly replied, “No.”

2011, Sandra B. McPherson, Farshid Afsarifard, Equivocal Child Abuse, page 150:

She has also said her dad is mean and hurt her pee pee. She ask ^([sic]) a lot about if people are going to look at her pee pee (i.e. Doctors, different apts. we go to, that is her first question to me).

2014, Elsbeth Renee O'Lea, Trolls, Snakes and Shadow People, page 26:

(colloquial, usually childish) The penis or vulva; genitalia.


seedpod

(botany) A pouch-like form on a plant which encloses the seeds.


beer gut

The Australian relative is more likely to be a bit older, even middle-aged, and to have a well-developed beer gut, thongs, a bad tan, and a perpetual stubbie holder glued to his palm.

1996, James Lambert, The Macquarie Book of Slang, Sydney: Macquarie Library, page 267:


hindquarter

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hindquarter.wav

While Major was speaking four large rats had crept out of their holes and were sitting on their hindquarters, listening to him.

1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:

(in the plural) The hind biped (leg) of a quadruped, or all body parts situated behind the hind legs' trunk-attachment.


gracilis

From Latin gracilis (“slender”). Doublet of gracile.

(anatomy) A slender superficial muscle of the inner thigh.


radiobicipital

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the radius and the biceps.


complexus

(anatomy) A large muscle of the back, passing from the spine to the head.


radiohumeral

(anatomy) Of, pertaining to, or joining the radius and humerus.


radioreceptor

(anatomy) Any receptor that responds to radiation (such as heat and light)


radio-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-radio-.wav

e.g. radiobicipital


lactescent

en-adj

lactescent (comparative more lactescent, superlative most lactescent)

more lactescent (comparative)
most lactescent (superlative)

From Latin lactescens, present participle of lactescere.


rectus

Borrowed from Latin rēctus (“straight, upright”), clipping of mūsculus rēctus (“straight muscle”).

clipping

rectus abdominis
rectus abdominis#English

(anatomy) Any of several straight muscles in various parts of the body, as of the abdomen, thigh, eye etc.

(anatomy) Any of a number of muscles controlling the movement of the eyeball.


diverticulum

en-noun

diverticulum (plural diverticulums or diverticula)

diverticulums (plural)
diverticula (plural)

From Latin dīverticulum, alternative form of dēverticulum (“byroad; deviation”), from dēvertō (“turn away, turn aside”).

Diverticula are small, light-bulb-shaped pouches in the bowel wall, resulting from the tissue in the gut bulging outwards under pressure.

2015, Giulia Enders, translated by David Shaw, Gut, Scribe, published 2016, page 16:

(anatomy) A small out-pouching of an organ wall such as the large intestine or urinary bladder.


malted milk

malted milk (countable and uncountable, plural malted milks)

More dispensers fail with malted milk than with any one drink that I know about. There seems to be less knowledge of what a good malted milk should taste like than there is concerning any other drink.

1918, Irving P. Fox, The Spatula, volume 24, page 146:

One of the committee′s many marketing environment studies concerned malted milk consumption. The study revealed that while malted milk was a popular drink among young persons, virtually all of the consumption of the product took place outside the home.

1979, William F. O'Dell, Andrew C. Ruppel, Robert H. Trent, Marketing Decision Making: Analytic Framework and Cases, page 207:

Now that would be worth travelling half way 'round the country to see. Matty and Trev sharing a malted milk together!

2003 February 25, DAVO, “**Exclusive** Big Brother 3 details”, in aus.tv (Usenet):

Another example of this method comes from my youth, when we would go to a soda fountain for a malted milk. The soda clerk′s job was to sell eggs with the malted milk. If he didn′t have the skills, he would shyly say, “You probably don′t want an egg with your malted milk do you?” The answer would be a quick no. If he knew what you know now, he would hold an egg in each hand and say, “Which do you prefer, one egg or two in your malted milk?”

2009, J. R. Parrish, You Don′t Have to Learn the Hard Way: Making It in the Real World: A Guide for Graduates, page 33:

(US, Australia) A milkshake with malted milk powder added for flavour.


mesentery

From Late Latin mesenterium, from Ancient Greek μεσεντέρῐον (mesentérĭon), from μέσος (mésos, “middle”) + ἔντερον (énteron, “gut”).

(anatomy) The membrane that attaches the intestines to the wall of the abdomen, maintaining their position in the abdominal cavity, and supplying them with blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.

аԥакьалҵӷа

the membrane that attaches the intestines to the wall of the abdomen


shampooer

A person (such as a hairdresser) who washes hair.


gynoid

The work intensity and duration was identical in android and gynoid obese women in this study, making it unlikely that energy expenditure in the training program was different in these two groups.

1987, Richard J. Wurtman, Judith J. Wurtman, Human Obesity, New York Academy of Sciences, page 71:

2008, Sharon Plowman, Denise Smith, Exercise Physiology for Health, Fitness, and Performance, Benjamin Cummings, Wolters Kluwer, 2nd Edition, page 219,
Alpha-receptors predominate in the lower body and are thus more abundant in the gynoid pattern.

As a result, measured ratios of estrogen to testosterone in women predict their ratios of gynoid fat to android fat (Singh, 1993, 1995, 2002a,b; Kirchengast et al., 1997). As should also be expected, women with higher ratios of gynoid to android fat are more fertile than their counterparts with lower ratios (Kirchengast et al., 1997; Singh, 1993, 1995, 2002a,b).

2008, Randy Thornhill, Steven W. Gangestad, The Evolutionary Biology of Human Female Sexuality, Oxford University Press, page 114:

(biology, anatomy) Of, pertaining to or following the distribution pattern of the type of body fat, more prevalent in women, that forms around the hips, breasts and thighs and is relatively rich in the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids which are important in the development of foetuses.


beady

en-adj

beady (comparative beadier or more beady, superlative beadiest or most beady)

beadier (comparative)
more beady (comparative)
beadiest (superlative)
most beady (superlative)

beady liquor


actin

en-noun

actin (countable and uncountable, plural actins)

→ Spanish: actina

From Ancient Greek ἀκτίς (aktís, “ray”), based on the shape of the filament formed, + -in.

2012, Elaine N. Marieb & Katja Hoehn, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8th ed., chapter 9 "Muscles and Muscle Tissue", page 281.
Actin has kidney-shaped polypeptide subunits, called globular actin or G actin, which bear the active sites to which the myosin heads attach during contraction.

(biochemistry, uncountable) A globular structural protein that polymerizes in a helical fashion to form an actin filament (or microfilament).

(biochemistry, countable) One of the six isoforms of actin.


debridement

debridement (countable and uncountable, plural debridements)

(dentistry) The removal of the dental tartar that has accumulated over teeth, typically done using hand tools and ultrasound instruments.


fornicate gyrus

fornicate gyrus (plural fornicate gyri or fornicate gyruses)

fornicate gyri (plural)
fornicate gyruses (plural)

parahippocampal gyrus
parahippocampal gyrus

(anatomy) A horseshoe-shaped section of the cerebral cortex, comprising the cingulate gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus.


fusiform gyrus

fusiform gyrus (plural fusiform gyri or fusiform gyruses)

fusiform gyri (plural)
fusiform gyruses (plural)

(anatomy) A structure within the temporal lobe of the human brain, believed to be involved in colour processing and the recognition of faces, bodies, and words.


brit milah

From Hebrew בְּרִית מִילָה (literally “covenant of circumcision”).

bor

בְּרִית מִילָה

(Judaism) The Jewish ceremony of circumcision normally performed on the eighth day of life.


cingulate gyrus

en-noun

cingulate gyrus (plural cingulate gyri or cingulate gyruses)

cingulate gyri (plural)
cingulate gyruses (plural)

(neuroanatomy) A section of the cerebral cortex, belonging to the fornicate gyrus, which arches over the corpus callosum.


dentate gyrus

dentate gyrus (plural dentate gyri or dentate gyruses)

dentate gyri (plural)
dentate gyruses (plural)

The team found levels of these “mother cells” dropped with age in the front and middle region of the dentate gyrus.

2018 April 5, Nicola Davis, The Guardian:

(anatomy) A serrated section of the cerebral cortex, belonging to the hippocampus.


parahippocampal gyrus

parahippocampal gyrus (plural parahippocampal gyri or parahippocampal gyruses)

parahippocampal gyri (plural)
parahippocampal gyruses (plural)

(anatomy) A section of the cerebral cortex that surrounds the hippocampus and which is the lower part of the fornicate gyrus.


corpus callosum

corpus callosum (plural corpora callosa)

(neuroanatomy) In placental mammals, a broad band of nerve fibres that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain.


fornix

Borrowing from Latin fornix (“an arch, vault”).

(anatomy) An archlike or vaulted structure or fold:

The junction where the conjunctiva lining the eyelid meets the conjunctiva overlying the sclera.

(neuroanatomy) A triangular area of white matter in the mammalian brain beneath the corpus callosum and between the hippocampus and the hypothalamus.

The vaulted upper part of the vagina surrounding the uterine cervix.


uncus

(anatomy, by extension) Any body part which is long, thin, and curved.

(neuroanatomy) Specifically, the hooked end of the parahippocampal gyrus of the temporal lobe.


cytohesin

(biochemistry, immunology) Any of a family of proteins, abundant in cells of the immune system, that are regulatory factors in lymphocytes.


oxyntomodulin

oxyntomodulin (countable and uncountable, plural oxyntomodulins)

(biochemistry) A polypeptide hormone found to suppress appetite.


gyrus

From Latin gȳrus (“circle”), from Ancient Greek γῦρος (gûros). Doublet of gyro and gyre.

(anatomy) A fold or ridge on the cerebral cortex of the brain.


cruciate sulcus

(anatomy) A major fissure in the brains of some mammals equivalent to the central sulcus of primates.


central sulcus

(neuroanatomy) A fissure in the cerebral cortex of primates; it separates the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe


obliques

The good news. Three weeks into the programme I am rediscovering bits of my body I had forgotten existed; biceps, triceps, hamstrings and those funny muscles on the sides of the abdomen called obliques, the toning of which is supposed to eliminate the love handle.

2017 November 16, Jo Ellison, “Help: the gym has turned us into slobs”, in Financial Times:

Collectively, the abdominal muscles responsible for rotation of the trunk.


frons

Borrowed from Latin frōns (“the forehead, brow, front”). Doublet of front.

bor

(anatomy) In vertebrates, especially mammals, the forehead; the part of the cranium between the orbits and the vertex.


samara

From Latin samara (“elm seed”), from a Gaulish term derived from Proto-Celtic *samos (“summer”).

The fruit is a nut, samara or drupe, containing a single seed with a straight embryo and little or no endosperm.

1993, R. H. Richens, "Ulmaceae", pages 95-96 in, V. H. Heywood, ed., Flowering Plants of the World, updated edition, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, page 96

The winged indehiscent fruit of trees such as the ash, elm or maple.


tunicate

Borrowed from Latin tunicatus, past participle of tunicare (“to clothe with a tunic”).

This tunicate withered hag the Señora had my financial number.

1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 404:

(anatomy, botany) Enclosed in a tunic or mantle; covered or coated with layers.


somatotrophin

en-noun

somatotrophin (countable and uncountable, plural somatotrophins)


somatotropin

somatotropin (countable and uncountable, plural somatotropins)

(biology, medicine) Synonym of growth hormone


phytonadione

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Alternative form of phytomenadione.


phytomenadione

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A yellow oily naphthoquinone C₃₁H₄₆O₂ that is obtained especially from alfalfa, cabbage, spinach, and other leafy green vegetables or made synthetically and that has a fast, potent, and prolonged biological effect. It is essential for the blood-clotting process, effective orally, and useful especially in treating hypoprothrombinemia induced by anticoagulant drugs (trademark Mephyton).


phylloquinone

phylloquinone (countable and uncountable, plural phylloquinones)

From phyllo- (“leaf”) + (naphtho)quinone.

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Synonym of phytomenadione.


menaquinone

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A pale yellow crystalline naphthoquinone C₄₁H₅₆O₂ that is obtained especially from putrefied fish meal and produced by bacteria in the large intestine and essential for the blood-clotting process. It is much more unsaturated than vitamin K₁ and slightly less active biologically, and is an isoprenoid derivative of menadione.


HGH

(medicine) Initialism of human growth hormone.


vasculature

vasculature (countable and uncountable, plural vasculatures)

From Latin vāsculum (“vessel”) + a suffix -ature. Compare ossature, musculature.

(anatomy) The arrangement of blood vessels in the body, or within an organ.


angiotensin

/ænd͡ʒɪəʊˈtɛnsɪn/

From angio- + (hyper)tens(ion) + -in. Compare also the morphologic parallels of vasopressin.

2001: In addition to stimulating the srteries to constrict, angiotensin also acts on the kidneys to suppress urine production, and acts on the brain to stimulate thirst and drinking behaviour. — Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2001, p. 43)

(biochemistry) Any of several polypeptides that narrow blood vessels and thus regulate arterial pressure.

human recombinant soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2


GH

(medicine, biochemistry) Initialism of growth hormone.


GH

GH joint

(anatomy, medicine) Initialism of glenohumeral.


growth hormone

growth hormone (countable and uncountable, plural growth hormones)

growth hormones (plural)
as: GH (abbreviation)

A polypeptide hormone, secreted by the pituitary gland in many animals including humans, that promotes growth and regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.

(often, in context) The human homologue specifically: human growth hormone.

A synthetic substance that produces similar effects in the body:


milch cow

From Middle English melche cow, mylche cowe.

(military, slang) A German WWII submarine designed to carry large cargoes of supplies and transfer them to other submarines.


cholecyst

From Ancient Greek χολή (kholḗ, “gall; bile”) + κύστις (kústis, “anatomical sac”).

uder

1882, Burt G. Wilder, Simon H. Gage, Anatomical Technology as Applied to the Domestic Cat, A. S. Barnes and Company, page 287,
Press on the cholecyst, and the contained bile will be forced into the various bile ducts:

1904, Columbus Medical Journal, Volume 28, Columbus Medical Publishing Company, page 342,
Sharpe observed that when the contents of the cholecyst had ulcerated, perforated, through the abdominal wall and the gall-bladder became evacuated the patient improved […] .

2010, Hans-Christian Schneider, Juergen Wahrburg, 4: Simulation Model for the Dynamics Analysis of a Surgical Assistance Robot, Seung Hyuk Baik (editor), Robot Surgery, InTech (IntechOpen), page 15,
This experiment simulates the environment by using a liver with a cholecyst to reproduce pseudo in-vivo environment and laparoscopic cholecystectomy where the cholecyst is removed from the liver.


luteal

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the corpus luteum


intervertebral disc

en-noun

intervertebral disc (plural intervertebral discs)

(anatomy) A disc between the vertebra in the spine.


corpus luteum

From Latin corpus (“body”) + lūteum (“yellow”).

The role of the corpus luteum in the oestrous cycle and in pregnancy was shown in 1929 by G. W. Corner (1889–1981) and Willard Allen (1904–93) to depend on a hormone named progestin, later called progesterol.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 546:

(anatomy) A yellow mass of cells that forms from an ovarian follicle during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in mammals; it secretes steroid hormones.


cortical

From Latin cortex (“bark”); Effectively cortex + -ical.

(anatomy) Pertaining to the outer layer of an internal organ or body structure, such as the kidney or the brain.

cortical

anatomy: pertaining to the outer layer of an internal organ or body structure


haloenzyme

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that is activated by a cofactor.


apoenzyme

(biochemistry) An inactive haloenzyme lacking a cofactor.

apoentsyymi

an inactive haloenzyme lacking a cofactor


moustachioed

Nor all passengers either - one moustachioed, behatted gent interviewed by the BBC lamented the loss of elegance that the trains represented, as he stood in the plastic Mk 3 buffet that today looks somehow chic and inviting. Time changes everything.

2021 October 6, Greg Morse, “A need for speed and the drive for 125”, in RAIL, number 941, page 52:

(of a man or his face) Possessing a moustache or moustachio.


lunula

lunula (plural lunulae or (archaic) lunulæ)

lunulae (plural)
lunulæ (archaic plural)

(anatomy) Something shaped like a crescent or half-moon; especially the pale area at the base of the fingernail.


dilator

(anatomy) Any nerve or muscle that causes part of the body to dilate.


peduncle

From Late Latin pedunculus, from pedis, genitive of pēs (“foot”).

On fertilization, the archegonia form obyriform calyptrae that are distinctly narrowed at base to form a stalk or peduncle; this does not occur in other Hepaticae.

1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 5:

(botany) A short stalk at the base of a reproductive structure of a non-flowering plant.

سُوَيْق

botany: short stalk at the base of a leaf or reproductive structure

(anatomy) A bundle of neurons connecting different parts of the brain.

سُوَيْق

bundle of neurons connecting parts of brain

(anatomy) In arthropods, the base segments of an antenna or stalk-like structures such as the peduncles of some barnacles

(anatomy) In vertebrates, the base of any relatively massive anatomical member connected to the body by a narrower section. Cf. caudal peduncle of fishes.

varsi

anatomy, vertebrates, base of any relatively massive anatomical member

(anatomy) A stem attaching a mass of tissue (such as a polyp) to the body.


vitreous humor

(ophthalmology, US) The clear gel that fills the eyeball between the lens and the retina.


amygdalate

amygdalate (countable and uncountable, plural amygdalates)


vaginectomy

vaginectomy (countable and uncountable, plural vaginectomies)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-vaginectomy.wav

(surgery) The surgical removal of all or part of the vagina.


proteorhodopsin

(biochemistry) Any of several proteins, found in marine bacteria, that are light-dependent proton pumps.


bacteriorhodopsin

(biochemistry) Any of several related purple photosynthetic proteins, found in halobacteria, that act as proton pumps


epicardium

epicardium (plural epicardiums or epicardia)

New Latin, from Latin epi- (“over”) + Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía, “heart”). Attested in English from the 19th century.

(anatomy) The layer of tissue between the pericardium and the heart.


neurovascular

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to both nerves and blood vessels.

neurovaskulární

of or pertaining to nerves and blood vessels


cardio-

From Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía, “heart”).

(anatomy) Relating to the cardia of the stomach.


plant hormone

(biochemistry) Any of many substances, produced by plants, that control or regulate their germination, growth, metabolism etc.


sympathetic nervous system

sympathetic nervous system (plural sympathetic nervous systems)

(neuroanatomy) The part of the autonomic nervous system that raises blood pressure and heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and dilates the pupils when under stress.


abscisic acid

(biochemistry) A terpenoid best known as a plant hormone that inhibits seed germination and was once thought to be important in abscission.


blepharon

From Ancient Greek βλέφαρον (blépharon).


reduplication

reduplication (countable and uncountable, plural reduplications)

Contrastive focus reduplication
Shm-reduplication
reduplication

(anatomy) The folding or doubling of a part or organ.


cementum

Borrowed from Latin caementum. Doublet of cement.

From a purely anatomic standpoint, root cementum is part of the tooth, but also part of the periodontium.

2005, Herbert F. Wolf, Klaus H. Rateitschak, Periodontology, page 14:

Cementum is the least known calcified tissue in vertebrates (Bosshardt and Schroeder 1996) and several questions about cementogenesis have not yet been answered.

2007, Ermanno Bonucci, Biological Calcification: Normal and Pathological Processes in the Early Stages, page 245:

Whether epithelial cells from Hertwig's sheath contribute to initial cementum formation is controversial as has already been discussed in Chap. 1.

2007, Pieter Johannes Slootweg, Dental Pathology: A Practical Introduction, page 8:

(anatomy, dentistry) A bony substance that covers the root of a tooth; cement.


cerebellar

/ˌsɛ.ɹəˈbɛl.ə/

/ˌsɛɹ.əˈbɛl.ɚ/

(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the cerebellum.


dog bone

a bone that is given to a dog to chew on and play with, similar to a dog biscuit. They can be real bones, or they can be made of other materials like plastic or leather


phalloplasty

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-phalloplasty.wav

sex reassignment surgery
sex reassignment surgery

(surgery) Plastic surgery to construct or repair a penis, performed to repair injury or as part of sex reassignment surgery.

siittimen korjausleikkaus

plastic surgery to construct or repair a penis


close-cropped

en-adj

close-cropped (comparative more close-cropped, superlative most close-cropped)

more close-cropped (comparative)
most close-cropped (superlative)

Bradly could see the livid mark of scars on the close-cropped sandy skull. They were recent, and still showed contused edges[.]

1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 21:


choda

Borrowed from Hindi चोदा (codā, abusive term for “son”), from चोदना (codnā, “to copulate”), from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀘𑁄𑀤𑁆𑀤𑀢𑀺 (*coddati), from Sanskrit चोदति (codati).

bor+

2001, Especially when a fashion editor wants to see sunken 11-year-old children wearing small scraps of cloth and wishing that was a choda instead of a pussy under there. alt.slack

2004, Why don't you go lick your choda in the corner and stay off our newsgroup. alt.atheism


calvaria

en-noun

calvaria (plural calvariae or calvarias)

From Latin calvāria (“skull”). Doublet of calavera and calvary.

CD105 Thy1- progenitor populations derived from regions of the fetal mandible or calvaria that do not undergo endochondral ossification formed only bone without marrow in our assay.

2008 December 10, Charles K. F. Chan et al., “Endochondral ossification is required for haematopoietic stem-cell niche formation”, in Nature, volume 457, number 7228, →DOI:

(anatomy) The dome or roof of the skull, the skullcap.


valvule

From Latin valvula (“valve, little valve”) either directly or via French valvule, from Latin valva (“double door, valve”) + -ula (“-ule, -ling: forming diminutives”). Doublet of valvula.

(anatomy) A structure similar to a small valve.


allantois

allantois (plural allantoises or allantoides)

allantoises (plural)
allantoides (plural)

Ancient Greek ἀλλαντοειδής (allantoeidḗs, “sausage-shaped”). See αλλαντικό.

uder

ἀλλαντοειδής

(anatomy) A sac, having a number of functions, that develops in the alimentary canal of the embryos of mammals, birds and reptiles.

سِقَاء

sac in the alimentary canal of the embryos of mammals, birds and reptiles


birth control glasses

(plural only, US, military slang) The brown-framed prescription eyeglasses issued to new recruits in the U.S. military, and perceived as notoriously unattractive.


uraniscus

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek οὐρανίσκος (ouranískos, “ceiling”).

lbor

(anatomy) The palate or roof of the mouth.


apoinducer

(biochemistry) A protein that binds to DNA to activate transcription, particularly in positive gene control mechanisms.


ventriculus

Unadapted borrowing from Latin ventriculus (“the belly”), diminutive of venter (“the belly”). Doublet of ventricle.

ubor

(anatomy, zootomy) A digestive cavity such as a gizzard or stomach.


brachialis

Borrowed from Latin bracchialis, brachialis. Doublet of brachial.

(anatomy) A muscle in the upper arm that flexes the elbow joint, in conjunction with the biceps brachii.


acrocoracohumeral

acrocoracoid process
acrocoracoid process

(anatomy) That connects the acrocoracoid process to the humerus.


acrocoracoid process

en-noun

acrocoracoid process (plural acrocoracoid processes)

(anatomy) A dorsal expansion of the coracoid process which completes the opening for the triosseal canal.


palatine uvula

palatine uvula (plural palatine uvulas or palatine uvulae)

palatine uvulas (plural)
palatine uvulae (plural)

(anatomy) The uvula in the mouth (as distinguished from uvulae elsewhere in the body).


acrocoracoid

(anatomy) A dorsal expansion of the coracoid bone which completes the opening for the triosseal canal.


scapulocoracoid

(anatomy) A fusion of the scapula and coracoid bones found in lower vertebrates.


acrocoracohumeral ligament

acrocoracohumeral ligament (plural acrocoracohumeral ligaments)

(anatomy) A ligament that connects the humerus to the shoulder joint; its evolution was critical to the origin of flight in birds.


stiletto

stiletto (plural stilettos or stilettoes or stiletti)

stilettos (plural)
stilettoes (plural)
stiletti (plural)

Borrowed from Italian stiletto. Doublet of stylet.

A woman's shoe with a tall, slender heel (called a stiletto heel).


coracoid process

coracoid process (plural coracoid processes)

Part of the scapula that projects towards the sternum in mammals


coracoid

(anatomy) Part of the scapula that projects towards the sternum in mammals; the coracoid process

(anatomy) A small bone linking the scapula and sternum in birds, reptiles and some other vertebrates


glenoid

From Ancient Greek γληνοειδής (glēnoeidḗs, “socket like”), equivalent to
From glene + -oid.

der

(anatomy) A shallow depression in a bone, especially in the scapula.


glenoid

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to this depression.


fenestration

en-noun

fenestration (countable and uncountable, plural fenestrations)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fenestration.wav

(surgery, anatomy) An opening in the surface of an organ etc; the surgical creation of such an opening, especially one in the bony part of the inner ear made to improve hearing.

перфорация

opening in the surface of an organ, surgical creation of such an opening

(surgery, anatomy) An opening that occurs naturally or is created surgically, as through a biological membrane.


flavorubredoxin

(biochemistry) A flavoprotein that reduces nitric oxide (NO) to nitrous oxide (N₂O) under anaerobic conditions. It is an oxygen sensitive nitric oxide reductase that contributes to resistance to nitrosative killing by macrophages.


trapezius

trapezius (plural trapezii or trapeziuses)

Unknown but likely derived from Ancient Greek τράπεζα (trápeza).

The trapezius muscle resembles a trapezium (trapezoid in American English), or diamond-shaped quadrilateral. The word "spinotrapezius" refers to the human trapezius, although it is not commonly used in modern texts. In other mammals, it refers to a portion of the analogous muscle.

(anatomy) A large vertebrate skeletal muscle divided into an ascending, descending, and transverse portion, attaching the neck and central spine to the outer extremity of the scapula; it functions in scapular elevation, adduction, and depression.


pilus

Borrowed from Latin pilus (“hair”). Doublet of pile.

(biochemistry) A bacterial protein that has several biochemical functions.


epicotyl

(botany) In plants with seeds, that portion of the embryo or seedling above the cotyledons.


cambium

cambium (countable and uncountable, plural cambiums or cambia)

Borrowed from Late Latin cambium (“a change”), from Gaulish. Doublet of change.

(anatomy) Periosteum, a membrane that covers the outer surface of bones


hypocotyl

(botany) In plants with seeds, that portion of the embryo or seedling between the root and cotyledons.

alkeisvarsi

portion of the embryo between the root and cotyledons


carpet burn

More unusual marks occur when a child is pushed against a patterned object, such as the imprint of a carpet or a carpet burn where the child's body skids along the carpet.

1996, Kim R.Oates, The Spectrum of Child Abuse: assessment, treatment, and prevention, page 51:

Sweet reunion, Jamaica and Spain
We're like how we were again
I'm in the tub you're on the seat
Lick your lips as I soak my feet
Then you notice lickle carpet burn
My stomach drops and my guts churn
You shrug and it's the worst
Who truly stuck the knife in first?

2007 Amy Winehouse - You Know I'm No Good(verse 3)

A skin injury caused by friction with a carpet or similar surface.


monocular

You are not such a foolish woman as to like to be seen with Fred Mostyn, that little monocular snob, after the aristocratic, handsome Basil Stanhope.

Of any optical system suitable for use by one eye at a time.


monocular

The moony monocular set in his eye / Appeared to be scanning the Sweet Bye-and-Bye.

1911, Ambrose Bierce, “lord”, in The Devil’s Dictionary, New York, N.Y., Washington, D.C.: The Neale Publishing Company, →OCLC:


ventral tegmental area

ventral tegmental area (plural ventral tegmental areas)


Morison's pouch

Morison's pouch (plural Morison's pouches)

For James Rutherford Morison, British surgeon (1853–1939).

(anatomy) A recess in the peritoneum inferior to the liver, to the right of the kidney and extending inferiorly to the transverse mesocolon.


carious

en-adj

carious (comparative more carious, superlative most carious)

more carious (comparative)
most carious (superlative)

General American, Mary–marry–merry merger

From French carieux (“carious”), from carie (“decay (of bone or teeth)”) (from Latin cariēs (“rot, rottenness, corruption”), from careō (“to lack, be deprived of”), from Proto-Italic *kazēō (“to lack”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut”).) + French -eux (“-ous”) (from Latin -ōsus (“full of, prone to”), from Old Latin -ōsos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-went-, *-wont- + *-to-)).

der

[I]f no Acid be contain’d in the Blood how comes it, I beſeech you, that in Carious or Virulent Ulcers, the Silver Probe becomes inſtantly of a Livid Colour, which can only be effected by an Acid not an Alkalous Menſtruum?

1700, Charles Leigh, “Of Distempers”, in The Natural History of Lancashire, Cheshire, and the Peak, in Derbyshire: With an Account of the British, Phœnician, Armenian, Gr[eek] and Rom[an] Antiquities in Those Parts, Oxford: Printed for the author; and to be had at Mr. George West's, and Mr. Henry Clement's, booksellers there; Mr. Edward Evet's, at the Green-Dragon, in St. Paul's Church-yard; and Mr. John Nicholson, at the King's-Arms, in Little-Britain, →OCLC, book II, section IV (Of Acute Distempers in General, Particularly the Pestilential Fever Raging in Lancashire, in the Years 1693, 94, 95, 96), page 83:

Our disease is democracy. It is not the skin that festers—our very bones are carious, and their marrow blackens with gangrene. Which rogues shall be first, is of no moment—our republicanism must die, and I am sorry for it.

1806 March 10, Fisher Ames, “To the Same [letter to Thomas Pickering]”, in Works of Fisher Ames. Compiled by a Number of His Friends. To which are Prefixed, Notices of His Life and Character, Boston, Mass.: Printed and published by T. B. Wait & Co. Court-Street, published 1809, →OCLC, page 512:

My father’s museum contained several preparations of carious teeth.

1840, William Percivall, “Carious Teeth”, in Hippopathology: A Systematic Treatise on the Disorders and Lamenesses of the Horse; with their Modern and Most Approved Methods of Cure; …, volume II, London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, Paternoster Row, →OCLC, section IX (Diseases of the Teeth, Pharynx, and Esophagus), page 179:

Many chinchillas suffer from carious-like changes of the cheek teeth and odontoclastic resorptions close to the gingiva[…]. While carious defects typically lead to localized, brownish discolorations of the occlusal surface and the interproximal area, odontoclastic resorption of the teeth is characterized more by an appearance of the lateral surfaces of the teeth resembling moth damage[…].

2015, Estella Böhmer, “Changes of the Cheek Teeth”, in Dentistry in Rabbits and Rodents, Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, →ISBN, page 179, column 1:

Having caries (bone or tooth decay); decayed, rotten.


vampirism

en-noun

vampirism (usually uncountable, plural vampirisms)

(mythology) The state of being a vampire.


submarginal

en-adj

submarginal (comparative more submarginal, superlative most submarginal)

more submarginal (comparative)
most submarginal (superlative)


toner

en-noun

toner (countable and uncountable, plural toners)

→ Catalan: tòner

→ Czech: toner

→ French: toner

→ German: Toner

→ Portuguese: toner, tóner, tôner

→ Spanish: tóner

Powder used in laser printers and photocopiers to form the text and images on the printed paper.

то́нер

powder used in laser printers and photocopiers

A hair product used to reduce brassiness and increase shine in bleached and dyed hair.


azygos

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄζυγος (ázugos, “unwedded, unpaired”).

bor

(anatomy, medicine) In anatomy, a structure that is unpaired. This is relatively unusual, as most elements of anatomy reflect bilateral symmetry.


urostyle

(anatomy) A styliform process forming the posterior extremity of the vertebral column in some fishes and amphibians.


manitrunk

(insects, anatomy) The anterior segment of the thorax in insects.


cathodic

From cathode + -ic. Coined by William Whewell in 1837 in a letter to Michael Faraday.

(anatomy) Proceeding from a nerve centre; efferent.


subtilase

en-noun

subtilase (countable and uncountable, plural subtilases)

(biochemistry) A serine protease similar to subtilisin


subtilisin

subtilisin (countable and uncountable, plural subtilisins)

(biochemistry) A protease produced by soil bacteria of the genus Bacillus.


exudate

From exude + -ate (noun-forming suffix).

The whitish lines of exudate seem at times to penetrate even between the straight tubes . . .

1861, Stephen Jennings Goodfellow, Lectures on the Diseases of the Kidney, Generally Known as Brights Disease, and Dropsy:

When this is done, one should leave the poppy for some time, then return to it and gather any further exudate.

2005, Selma Tibi, The Medicinal Use of Opium in Ninth-century Baghdad:

A fluid that has exuded from somewhere; especially one that has exuded from a pore of an animal or plant.


thyroid cartilage

thyroid cartilage (plural thyroid cartilages)

(anatomy) The largest cartilage in the larynx; the Adam’s apple


Fromase

From French fromage (“cheese”) + -ase, coined as a trademark.

(biochemistry) A protease produced by the soil fungus Rhizomucor miehei, used as a vegetarian alternative to chymosin in the manufacture of some cheeses.


chymosin

chymosin (countable and uncountable, plural chymosins)

(biochemistry) The proteolytic enzyme rennin


rennin

rennin (countable and uncountable, plural rennins)

(biochemistry) A proteolytic enzyme, obtained from the gastric juice of the abomasum of calves, used to coagulate milk and make cheese.


striatum

Those nonaddicts who picked a winning card had increased blood flow to the striatum, but the gambling addicts who picked the right card had much less of it (their reward system was less active).

2006 June 25, Benoit Denizet-Lewis, “An Anti-Addiction Pill?”, in The New York Times Magazine:

(neuroanatomy) The caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus considered as a single structure.


chinstrap

A form of beard that follows the jawline but does not cover the rest of the chin.

A miniature look-alike of the Canada Goose, with a partial white necklace instead of a white chinstrap.

2003, Roger Tory Peterson, Peter Alden, Birds, page 10:

The dark slate-grey plumage contrasting strongly with white 'chinstrap' is shared only by Blue Eared-pheasant, but their ranges do not overlap.

2010, Phil McGowan, Steve Madge, Pheasants, Partridges & Grouse, page 313:

A band of colour below a bird's mouth, resembling the chinstrap of a helmet.


cariostat

A machine for detecting dental caries, especially in children.


vestibular

(anatomy) Of, pertaining to, or functioning as a vestibule (body cavity).

vestibular impulse

Ampulla of the perpendicular semicircular canal, receiving a fasciculus from the superior branch of the vestibular nerve[…].

1859, William James Erasmus Wilson, William H. Gobrecht, A System of Human Anatomy, General and Special:

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the vestibule of the inner ear and the perception of body position, balance and movement.

(dentistry) Of or pertaining to the surface of a tooth that is directed outward toward the vestibule of the mouth, including the buccal and labial surfaces, and opposite the lingual (or oral) surface.


skincare

The saleswoman told her that her face would look older unless she bought this line of skincare products.

The care and treatment of the skin, especially of the face.


bald wig

A headpiece worn usually by stage and film actors so as to appear bald on top without the necessity of shaving their scalps.


trouser snake

one-eyed trouser snake

housukäärme

euphemisms for "penis" that are derived from "snake"


clean-shaven

en-adj

clean-shaven (comparative more clean-shaven, superlative most clean-shaven)

more clean-shaven (comparative)
most clean-shaven (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-clean-shaven.wav

a clean-shaven man; a clean-shaven face; a clean-shaven leg

A moment later there entered a tall thin Englishman with a great moustache, which was a rare thing amid that clean-shaven race.

1903, Arthur Conan Doyle, “How the Brigadier Triumphed in England”, in The Adventures of Gerard:

Having had hair (especially facial hair) shaved off, so that it is no longer visible.


psoas

en-noun

psoas (plural psoae or psoai or psoas or psoases)

psoae (plural)
psoai (plural)
psoas (plural)
psoases (plural)

From Ancient Greek ψόας (psóas, “of the muscle of the loins”), genitive singular of ψόα (psóa).

der

(anatomy) Either of two muscles, the psoas major and psoas minor, involved in flexion of the trunk.


gurn

Early 20th century: dialect variant of grin.

(British) A distorted facial expression; grimace.


sagittal crest

(anatomy) A ridge of bone running lengthwise along the midline of the top of the skull (at the sagittal suture) in many mammals and primates


oupire

Borrowed from Polish upiór. Doublet of vampire.


cone cell

(anatomy) Any of the photoreceptor cells in the retina that are responsible for colour vision in relatively bright light.

con de la retina

any of the cylindrical photoreceptor cells in the retina


rod cell

(anatomy) Any of the cylindrical photoreceptor cells in the retina that function in dim light levels.


sublingual

Borrowed from New Latin sublinguālis, from sub- (“under, below, beneath”) + linguālis (“relating to the tongue”); equivalent to sub- + lingual.

af

sublingual

administered by placement beneath the tongue

разположен под езика

situated beneath the tongue — see also hypoglossal

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the sublingual gland.


ciliary

(anatomy, relational)
Of or pertaining to the eyelashes.

(anatomy, relational)
Of or pertaining to the eyelid.

ciliary muscles

(anatomy, relational)
Of or pertaining to the ciliary body.


retinal

en-noun

retinal (countable and uncountable, plural retinals)

/ˈɹɛt.əˌnæl/

/ˈɹɛt.əˌnɔl/

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A yellow to orange aldehyde derived from vitamin A that is formed from rhodopsin by the action of light and in combination with proteins forms the visual pigments of the retinal rods and cones.


bloodletting

From blood + letting, equal to bloodlet + -ing.

The pungent pain, dyspnœa, cephalalgia, redness of the face, pulsations of the heart, strong and rapid, the pulse full and vibrating, induced M. Peyrade, then attached to that hospital, to practise blood-letting in the arm. It was followed with marked relief.

1833, R. J. Bertin, translated by Charles W. Chauncy, Treatise on the Diseases of the Heart, and Great Vessels, Philadelphia: Carey, Lea & Blnachard, page 207:

(historical, medicine) The archaic practice of treating illness by removing some blood, believed to be tainted, from the stricken person.

Yet another round of corporate bloodletting.

Only when the bankers and industrialists abroad realized that a ferocious class struggle in Germany was raging did they begin to relent somewhat on their economic bloodletting.

2004 July 1, Leslie Feinberg, “Sexual freedom vs. fascism in Germany”, in Workers World:

(by extension) The diminishment of any resource with the hope that this will lead to a positive effect.

In 1856 Tu Wen-hsiu rose up in rebellion and occupied Ta-li.[...]"The conflict between the Han Chinese and the Moslems began over trifles. It has developed into a tragedy of mutual bloodletting because of poor management by the civil and military officials at Yung-ch'ang county and of Yunnan province. As a result, the mutual killing spread throughout Yunnan. The fault lies not with the people but with the officials."

1981, “Mid-Century Rebels”, in Jeh-hang Lai, transl., edited by Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Chinese Civilization and Society: A Sourcebook, New York: The Free Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 230:

A circumstance, such as a battle, where a large amount of blood is likely to be spilled through violence.

blodsudgydelse

large amount of blood likely to be spilled through violence — see also bloodshed