pentosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any glycosyltransferase that catalyzes the transfer of a pentose


conjugated protein

en-noun

conjugated protein (plural conjugated proteins)

(biochemistry) Any protein that consists of both a polypeptide (the apoprotein) and a prosthetic group such as a lipid (in lipoproteins), sugar (in glycoproteins) or porphyrins and metals (in hemoglobin etc)


apoprotein

(biochemistry) The polypeptide part of a conjugated protein; for example, an apolipoprotein plus a lipid particle yields a lipoprotein.


somatocrinin

(biochemistry) A hormone, produced in the hypothalamus, that promotes the secretion of growth hormones.


corticotropin

corticotropin (countable and uncountable, plural corticotropins)

adrenocorticotropic hormone
adrenocorticotropic hormone#English

(biochemistry, endocrinology) Synonym of adrenocorticotropic hormone


silicatein

silicatein (countable and uncountable, plural silicateins)

(biochemistry) An enzyme used by sponges to capture silicate and build silica nanostructures


cryopyrin

(biochemistry) A nucleotide-binding and leucin-rich protein which activates the inflammasome in response to toxins.


pleckstrin

Abbreviation of platelet + leukocyte C kinase substrate + KSTR (amino acids) + string.

abbreviation of

(biochemistry) A protein found in platelets


cuticulin

en-noun

cuticulin (countable and uncountable, plural cuticulins)

(biochemistry) A structural protein, in the cortical layer of large ascarids, which does not exhibit the striations characteristic of collagen, and which is not attacked by collagenase


vanadium-associated protein

vanadium-associated protein (plural vanadium-associated proteins)

(biochemistry) Any protein, such as hemovanadin, that contains vanadium in an associated molecule


vanadium bromoperoxidase

(biochemistry) A haloperoxidase, used by some algae to synthesize halogen compounds, that has a requirement for the element vanadium


haloperoxidase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes that oxidize organic halogen compounds; they are hemoproteins or similar


plasmin

plasmin (countable and uncountable, plural plasmins)

(biochemistry) A proteolytic enzyme that dissolves the fibrin in blood clots.


ferredoxin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of iron and sulfur-containing proteins, found in green plants, that function in electron transport and in photosynthesis.


ossein

ossein (countable and uncountable, plural osseins)

(biochemistry) The collagen component of bone


lyase

(biochemistry) Any of many classes of enzyme that catalyze the breaking of a specific form of bond


multienzyme

(biochemistry) Any protein having two or more catalytic functions


rubredoxin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of iron-sulfur proteins found in some bacteria


cohesin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins responsible for binding the sister chromatids during mitosis


neurotrophin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins that stimulate the growth of nerve cells


cuproenzyme

(biochemistry) Any metalloenzyme that contains one or more copper atoms


cuproprotein

(biochemistry) Any metalloprotein that contains one or more copper atoms


ghrelin

ghrelin (usually uncountable, plural ghrelins)

From g(rowth) h(ormone)-rel(easing peptide) + -in (suffix forming names of chemical compounds), influenced by Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow”): see the December 1999 quotation.

cog

We designate the GH-releasing peptide ‘ghrelin’ (ghre is the Proto-Indo-European root of the word ‘grow’).

1999 December 9, M[asayasu] Kojima et al., “Ghrelin is a Growth-hormone-releasing Acylated Peptide from Stomach”, in Nature, volume 402, number 6762, →DOI, →PMID, abstract, page 656:

Both human and rat ghrelins are 28 amino acid peptides, in which Ser3 is modified by a fatty acid, primarily n-octanoic acid.

2006, Masayasu Kojima, Kenji Kangawa, “Ghrelin, an Endogenous Ligand for the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor”, in Fred Nyberg, editor, The Somatotrophic Axis in Brain Function, Burlington, Mass.: Elsevier Academic Press, →ISBN, section III.A (Purification of Ghrelin), figure 2 caption, page 27, column 1:

[W]hen you increase ghrelin levels, you stimulate that growth hormone to kick in, and growth hormone builds you not only up but out as well. Your stomach secretes ghrelin in pulses every half hour, sending subtle chemical impulses to your brain—almost like subliminal biological messages (carrot cake, carrot cake, carrot cake).

2006, Michael F[redric] Roizen, Mehmet C[engiz] Oz, with Ted Spiker, Lisa Oz, and Craig Wynett, You, on a Diet: The Owner’s Manual for Waist Management, New York, N.Y.: Free Press, →ISBN, page 44:

Ghrelin is a 28‐amino acid acylated peptide predominantly secreted by the stomach but also by the brain. In mammals, ghrelin stimulates both GH [growth hormone] secretion and appetite, and it is the only GI [gastrointestinal] hormone with confirmed orexigenic properties[…].

2009, Hélène Volkoff, Saraj Unniappan, Scott P. Kelly, “The Endocrine Regulation of Food Intake”, in Nicholas J. Bernier, Glen Van Der Kraak, Anthony P. Farrell, Colin J. Brauner, editors, Fish Neuroendocrinology (Fish Physiology; 28), London, Amsterdam: Academic Press, →ISBN, section 2 (Endocrine Regulation), page 434:

Currently, ghrelin is considered as a “hunger hormone” that signals the brain the need to initiate food consumption. […] After food ingestion, plasma levels of ghrelin drastically decrease. Some but not all studies provided the evidence that in the cephalic phase of food ingestion the vagal efferent system promotes ghrelin secretion[…].

2011, Palmiero Monteleone, “New Frontiers of Endocrinology in Eating Disorders”, in Roger A. H. Adan, Walter H. Kaye, editors, Behavioral Neurobiology of Eating Disorders (Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences; 6), Heidelberg, Dordrecht: Springer-Verlag, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, part III (Genetics, Gender and Heritability), page 194:

That is because sleep affects two appetite-controlling hormones, leptin and ghrelin.

2022 February 26, Ruth Alexander, “The surprising links between what you eat and how well you sleep”, in BBC News, BBC, retrieved 2022-02-27:

(biochemistry) A peptide hormone, secreted in the stomach when empty, that increases appetite and secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland.


globin

Borrowed from German Globin, from Latin globus.

(biochemistry) Any globular protein that incorporates a globin fold.

Injuries and conditions that cause an acid pH environment cause the globin (protein) molecule to separate from the ferrihemate (iron-containing) component of the myoglobin molecule.

2005, Sharon G. Childs, “Rhabdomyolysis”, in Orthopaedic Nursing, volume 24, number 6, →PMID, page 445:

Globin switches in yolk sac–like primitive and fetal-like definitive red blood cells produced from human embryonic stem cells [title of article]

2008 February 8, Caihong Qiu, Emmanuel N. Olivier, Michelle Velho, Eric E. Bouhassira, “Globin switches in yolk sac–like primitive and fetal-like definitive red blood cells produced from human embryonic stem cells”, in Blood, volume 111, number 4, →DOI:

The results showed that the globin expression in the erythroid cells in individual clones changed in a time-dependent manner.

2008 October 2, Feng Ma et al., “Generation of functional erythrocytes from human embryonic stem cell-derived definitive hematopoiesis”, in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, volume 105, number 35, →DOI:

(biochemistry) One of several polypeptides that are the protein components of haemoglobin or myoglobin.


tryptophan synthase

(biochemistry) An enzyme found in plants and bacteria, but not in animals, which catalyses the final step in the biosynthesis of tryptophan.


integrase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that integrates viral DNA into that of an infected cell


primase

(biochemistry) An RNA polymerase involved in the initiation of DNA synthesis.


porin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that cross cellular membranes and act as pores through which small molecules can diffuse


proprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein that is cleaved by a convertase to form a smaller protein or biologically-active polypeptide


convertase

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymes that convert a compound into smaller, biologically-active compounds


furin

en-noun

furin (countable and uncountable, plural furins)

(biochemistry) A protease found in certain animal cells


anoctamin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of transmembrane proteins associated with the channelling of chloride ions


aquaporin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that form water-permeable pores in the membrane of biological cells.


fibroin

(biochemistry) A tough elastic protein that is the main component of silk and of spider's webs


fibrinogen

fibrinogen (countable and uncountable, plural fibrinogens)

A protein that in humans plays a role in the formation of clots.

纖維蛋白原

protein that in humans plays a part in the forming of clots


oncoprotein

(genetics, oncology, biochemistry) A protein that is coded for by an oncogene.


tonofilament

(biochemistry) A structural filament of keratin present in the cytoplasm


glycosylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that splits a glycoside into a glycone and aglycone


activase

(genetics, biochemistry) Any enzyme that activates a gene


IGF

(medicine) Initialism of insulin-like growth factor.


stereocilin

(biochemistry) A protein associated with the stereocilia of the inner ear.


conjugase

pteroylglutamic acid
pteroylglutamic acid

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that promote the hydrolysis of folic acid conjugates and the production of glutamic acid and pteroylglutamic acid


glucuronidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a glucuronide; a glycuronidase


kinesin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that convert chemical into mechanical energy and power the movement of vesicles and organelles along microtubules


phosphoglucomutase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of isomers of glucose phosphates


phenylacetic acid

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) The carboxylic acid C₆H₅-CH₂-COOH that is a plant auxin


antitrypsin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of serum proteins that inhibit trypsin and similar proteolytic enzymes


serpin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that inhibit serine proteases (especially trypsin)


prolamin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of plant storage proteins that have a high proline content, found in cereals.


muscleblind

From muscle + blind. The muscleblind gene in Drosophila flies is necessary to the development of muscles and eye photoreceptors.

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that are RNA-binding factors.


uteroferrin

(biochemistry) A glycoprotein, containing two atoms of iron, that is a major secretory product of a pig's uterus under the influence of progesterone.


neuroligin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of transmembrane proteins that bind to neurexins


green fluorescent protein

green fluorescent protein (plural green fluorescent proteins)

(biochemistry) Any of a class of protein produced by bioluminescent jellyfish of the genus Aequorea, that is used in biological research to trace the biosynthesis and movement of proteins in living organisms

緑色蛍光蛋白質

りょくしょくけいこうたんぱくしつ


cyclophilin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that bind to ciclosporin


dystrobrevin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that bind to dystrophin in the costamere of skeletal muscle cells


nephrin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of transmembrane proteins necessary for the proper functioning of the renal filtration barrier


dystrophin

dystrophin (countable and uncountable, plural dystrophins)

(biochemistry) A cytoplasmic structural protein that is deficient in some forms of muscular dystrophy


syntrophin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that are associated with dystrophin


utrophin

utrophin (countable and uncountable, plural utrophins)

(biochemistry) A cytoskeleton protein homologous with dystrophin


podocin

podocin (countable and uncountable, plural podocins)

(biochemistry) A protein which lines the podocytes and whose mutations can cause nephrotic syndrome


adaptin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that interact with membrane-bound receptors to assemble clathrin-coated vesicles

adaptina

protein that mediates the formation of vesicles by clathrin-coated pits


GM-CSF

(biochemistry) Initialism of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.


granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (plural granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors)

A cytokine protein secreted by macrophages, T cells, mast cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts.

granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor


pentraxin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins characterised by calcium-dependent ligand binding.


netrin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins involved in axon guidance


gustducin

(biochemistry) A protein associated with the sensation of taste


transducin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins associated with the visual process


allozyme

[…] suggesting the two are different stages of the same species. The identity of the two species is further suggested by allozyme analysis […]

1997, “Hydrothermal Vent Fauna”, in Advances in Marine Biology: The Biogeography of the Oceans, page 111:

(genetics, biochemistry) Either form of an enzyme specified by an allelic gene.

allozima

either form of an enzyme specified by an allelic gene


ovalbumin

From Late Latin ovi albumen (“egg white”), + -in.

(biochemistry) A glycoprotein which is the primary constituent of egg white.


recombinase

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymes that mediate recombination of DNA fragments among chromosomes


phenoloxidase

In one widely accepted model, the oxidation of catechols (o-diphenols) to o-quinones by cuticular phenoloxidase takes place and then these quinones diffuse into the cuticle […]

1991, Gregory W. Narr, Nicholas Cohen, Phylogenesis of Immune Functions, →ISBN, page 48:

(biochemistry) An enzyme which catalyzes phenol oxidation, and which is often involved in melanization processes

fenoloxidase

an enzyme which catalyzes phenol oxidation


autokinase

Shortened from "autophosphorylation-dependent protein kinase."

an autokinase domain

(biochemistry) A protein kinase or domain which promotes autophosphorylation


autophosphatase

an autophosphatase reaction

In addition, KaiC, which can act both as an autokinase and an autophosphatase, undergoes robust daily phosphorylation cycles that depend on its physical interactions with KaiA and KaiB.

2006, U. Schibler, “Circadian time keeping”, in Kalsbeek et al., editors, Hypothalamic Integration of Energy Metabolism, →ISBN, page 273:

(biochemistry, noun adjunct) A phosphatase that dephosphorylates itself


ferroportin

(biochemistry) A transmembrane protein that transports iron.


ferroxidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of iron ions


haptoglobin

(biochemistry) A protein in blood plasma that binds free hemoglobin released from erythrocytes and thereby inhibits its oxidative activity.


hemopexin

(biochemistry) A serum globulin that binds heme and porphyrins


phycoerythrin

/ˌfaɪkəʊ.iˈɹɪθɹɪn/

(biochemistry) A red, light-harvesting protein found in cyanobacteria, red algae and cryptomonads.


tubulin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins used as the material for microtubules.

tubuliini

The protein tubulin is composed of dimers of 110000 to 120000 daltons.

1975, E. M. F. De Robertis et al., Cell Biology, →ISBN, page 690:

(biochemistry) Specifically, the dimer of α-tubulin and β-tubulin.


carboxykinase

a pyruvate carboxykinase

(biochemistry) A kinase that also catalyzes decarboxylation


coatomer

From coat + -o- + -mer. Coined in a 1991 paper in Nature by Waters, Serafini & Rothman. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v349/n6306/abs/349248a0.html

(biochemistry) A soluble seven-protein complex which is a precursor of coat protein I (COPI), which plays a key role in Golgi apparatus vesicle formation


bisphosphatase

an inositol bisphosphatase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that converts a bisphosphate to a monophosphate compound by dephosphorylation


condensin

(biochemistry) A large protein complex that plays a central role in chromosome assembly and segregation in eukaryotic cells.


dexamethasone

dexamethasone (countable and uncountable, plural dexamethasones)

From dex- + -a- + -methasone (“prednisone or prednisolone derivative”).

af

Many dexamethasones act as anti-inflammatory agents.

Lee showed her how to feed the baby with the dexamethasone syrup.

2019, Namwali Serpell, The Old Drift, Hogarth, page 245:

Dexamethasone, a widely available and affordable generic steroid, was shown to cut the risk of death by a third for Covid patients on ventilators, and by nearly a fifth for those on oxygen therapy.

2021 March 23, Natalie Grover, Denis Campbell, “Dexamethasone hailed as lifesaver for up to a million Covid patients worldwide”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(pharmacology, biochemistry) A synthetic member of the glucocorticoid-class of steroid hormones, having the chemical formula C₂₂H₂₉FO₅, and used especially as an anti-inflammatory agent.


metallothionein

(biochemistry) Any of a family of cysteine-rich proteins that bond to heavy metals


myostatin

en-noun

myostatin (countable and uncountable, plural myostatins)

Perhaps from myo- (“muscle”) + Latin statos, status, sto (“remain, stand, fix, set"”) or Ancient Greek στάσις (stásis, “inactivity, a freezing, state of motionlessness, arrest, a standing”). myo- + -statin?

uder

(biochemistry) A protein that acts as an inhibitor to the growth of muscle tissue.


nitroreductase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of nitro groups


dynein

From dyne + -in, from the Ancient Greek δῠ́νᾰμῐς (dúnamis, “force”).

der

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that hydrolyze ATP and thus provide motive power for motile structures such as microtubules.


activin

en-noun

activin (countable and uncountable, plural activins)

A peptide that participates in the regulation of the menstrual cycle, cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and many other diverse functions.

activina

a peptide that participates in diverse bodily functions


troponin

troponin (countable and uncountable, plural troponins)

From tropomyosin. Coined by the Japanese researcher Setsuro Ebashi in 1963.http://jb.oxfordjournals.org/content/vol59/issue4/index.dtl

(biochemistry, medicine) A complex of three regulatory proteins that is integral to muscle contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscle, or any member of this complex. The level of troponin in the blood is often used as an indicator of heart damage.

troponina

regulatory protein of skeletal and cardiac muscle


fetoprotein

(biochemistry) Any of several antigens produced in a developing embryo, of which the most common is alpha-fetoprotein.


formin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins involved in the polymerization of actin which associate with the fast-growing barbed end of an actin filament


methylprednisolone

methylprednisolone (countable and uncountable, plural methylprednisolones)

The patient was treated with methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, and azathioprine, as well as burn center protocol care with daily tankings.

1993, Virginia Medical Quarterly, volumes 120–121, page 44:

(biochemistry, pharmacology) A synthetic glucocorticoid, C₂₂H₃₀O₅, used chiefly in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.


pyrophosphatase

(biochemistry) An acid anhydride hydrolase that acts upon diphosphate bonds


pannexin

(biochemistry) Any member of a family of transmembrane proteins found in vertebrates, homologous to the invertebrate innexins


phosphorylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the production of glucose phosphate from glycogen and inorganic phosphate


flagellin

(biochemistry) The main protein in the flagella of bacteria.


endoribonuclease

(biochemistry) Any ribonuclease that is an endonuclease


zyxin

Human zyxin is a 572 amino acid protein; sequence analysis suggests that its biochemical properties are similar to those of avian zyxin.

1999, Beth E. Drees, Mary C. Beckerle, “Zyxin”, in Thomas Kreis, Ronald Vale, editors, Guidebook to the Extracellular Matrix, Anchor, and Adhesion Proteins, →ISBN, page 96:

(biochemistry) A certain zinc-binding phosphoprotein, or the gene which produces it


vinculin

focal adhesion plaque
focal adhesion plaque

(biochemistry) A membrane-cytoskeletal protein in focal adhesion plaques, involved in linkage of integrin adhesion molecules to the actin cytoskeleton


unfoldase

Hsp70 is also known to have a protein unfoldase activity that is important for translocation of proteins across the membranes of organelles; […]

1993, Malcolm G. Parker, Steroid Hormone Action, →ISBN, page 71:

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes protein unfolding


temporin

temporin (countable and uncountable, plural temporins)

Rana temporaria
Rana temporaria#Translingual

(biochemistry) Any of a family of peptides isolated originally from the skin secretion of the European red frog, Rana temporaria.


acetylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes acetylation or deacetylation


androstenedione

androstenedione (countable and uncountable, plural androstenediones)

(biochemistry, steroids) A steroid sex hormone C₁₉H₂₆O₂ that is secreted by the testes, ovaries, and adrenal cortex and is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of testosterone and estrogen.


paracaspase

(biochemistry) Any of a family of caspases found in animals and slime moulds


calcineurin

calcineurin (countable and uncountable, plural calcineurins)

… the European Dermatology Forum consensus group has recently published guidelines favoring the use of topical calcineurin inhibitors as a first-line option for face and neck on a bidaily [twice-daily] basis …

2016 June 5, Khaled Ezzedine, Nanette Silverberg, “A Practical Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitiligo in Children”, in Pediatrics, volume 138, number 1, →DOI, page e20154126:

(biochemistry) A protein phosphatase that stimulates the growth and differentiation of T cells


gephyrin

From Ancient Greek γέφυρα (géphura, “bridge”) + -in.

der

(biochemistry) A protein associated with synapses.


intersectin

(biochemistry) An adaptor protein involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis


hepcidin

en-noun

hepcidin (usually uncountable, plural hepcidins)

From hep(ato)- (“liver”) + -cide (“killing”) + -in (“compound”), because of its origin and bacteria-killing properties.

affix

The known genetic defects of iron metabolism 14, 25, 26 frequently involve proteins that function as iron transporters/exporters (for example, ferroportin 18), as receptors for iron-binding proteins (for example, transferrin receptor 27 and hemochtomatosis 28), or to regulate the activity of these transporters or receptors (for example, hepcidin 29).

2008 November 26, Masako Kohyama, Wataru Ise, Brian T. Edelson, Peter R. Wilker, Kai Hildner, Carlo Mejia, William A. Frazier, Theresa L. Murphy, Kenneth M. Murphy, “Role for Spi-C in the development of red pulp macrophages and splenic iron homeostasis”, in Nature, volume 457, number 7227, →DOI:

A hormone produced by the liver that regulates iron homeostasis in mammals.


collagenase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that breaks the peptide bonds in collagen.


allophycocyanin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of accessory pigments to chlorophyll

aloficocianina

any of a group of accessory pigments to chlorophyll


bacterioferritin

(biochemistry) An oligomeric protein, similar to ferritin, found in various bacteria


biglycan

en-noun

biglycan (countable and uncountable, plural biglycans)

(biochemistry) A small leucine-rich repeat proteoglycan which is found in a variety of extracellular matrix tissues, including bone, cartilage and tendon


granzyme

(biochemistry) Any of a series of serine proteases that are released by cytoplasmic granules within natural killer cells


lubricin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of water-soluble glycoproteins that provide lubrication to articular cartilage.


lamin

From lamina + -in, from their involvement in the nuclear lamina.

(biochemistry) Any of a class of fibrous proteins that provide structure, and regulate transcription in a cell nucleus


actinin

(biochemistry) Any of several microfilament proteins that have a function in the attachment of actin fibres in muscle cells

actinina

protein responsible for the attachment of actin fibres in muscle cells


complexin

We next examined which complexin sequences mediate spontaneous and evoked fusion.

2009 January 23, Anton Maximov et al., “Complexin Controls the Force Transfer from SNARE Complexes to Membranes in Fusion”, in Science, volume 323, number 5913, →DOI:

A type of protein found in nerve tissue.


chaperonin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of chaperone proteins


titin

titan + -in. From being a titanic (titan) protein (-in); a very large protein, the largest known prior to the discovery of PKZILLAs.

In order to measure the pattern of force-dependent stretching of TR, we designed a DNA construct encoding for I27 2 -T R -I27 2 [TR flanked by two molecules of the I27 (27th immunoglobular domain of human cardiac titin), which has well-characterized mechanical properties.]

2009 January 30, Armando del Rio et al., “Stretching Single Talin Rod Molecules Activates Vinculin Binding”, in Science:

(biochemistry) A protein important in the contraction of striated muscle tissues.


myrosin

An enzyme found in mustard plants, which hydrolyzes sinigrin.


dehalogenase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a halogen atom from an organic halide


demethylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a methyl group from a compound


decarboxylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a carboxyl group, effectively removing carbon dioxide from a compound.


deubiquitinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes a deubiquitination reaction


vitellin

vitellin (countable and uncountable, plural vitellins)

(biochemistry) A protein found in egg yolk.


dikinase

(biochemistry) Any kinase that transfers two phosphate groups


endoglin

(biochemistry) A glycoprotein located on the surface of cells


renin

renin (countable and uncountable, plural renins)

(biochemistry) A circulating enzyme released by mammalian kidneys that converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. Due to its activity which ultimately leads to the formation of angiotensin II and aldosterone, this hormone plays a role in maintaining blood pressure.


calpastatin

(biochemistry) A protein (with a corresponding gene of the same name) that is an endogenous calpain inhibitor


crystallin

crystallin (countable and uncountable, plural crystallins)

(biochemistry) A globulin found in the lens of the eye.


arrestin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins that regulate signal transduction within cells.

arrestina

any of a group of proteins that regulate signal transduction within cells


fibrillarin

(biochemistry) A component of several ribonucleoproteins.


expansin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of non-enzymatic proteins, found in plant cell walls, that have many functions related to growth


glycosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a glycoside


exoglycosidase

(biochemistry) Any glycosidase enzyme that hydrolyses a terminal glycosidic bond


filamin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that bind actin filaments and anchor membrane proteins.


exportin

(biochemistry) A protein that transports other cargo proteins from the nucleus of a cell to the cytoplasm.


fractalkine

(biochemistry) The human form of the chemokine protein


giantin

(biochemistry) A large protein present in the membrane of the Golgi body.


glucosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a glucosyl group


glycosylhydrolase

(biochemistry) Any of many enzymes that hydrolyse glycosides


golgin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of coiled-coil proteins that tether vesicles to the Golgi apparatus


glucohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of sugars containing a glucose residue


hyaluronidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid


kafirin

From kafir + -in, in reference to kaffir corn.

(biochemistry) Any of a group of storage proteins found in sorghum.


lipocalin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins that transport lipids and similar molecules


carboxyl methyltransferase

carboxyl methyltransferase (plural carboxyl methyltransferases)

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of a carboxyl group


claudin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that control the flow of molecules through the epithelium


defensin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of cysteine-rich proteins that are active against bacteria, fungi and viruses


enhanceosome

(biochemistry, genetics) A protein complex that binds to the enhancer region of a gene


glutenin

glutenin (countable and uncountable, plural glutenins)

Coordinate term: gliadin

The gliadin chains fold onto themselves in a compact mass, and bond weakly with each other and with the glutenin proteins. The glutenins, however, bond with each other in several ways to form an extensive, tightly knit network.

2004, Harold McGee, chapter 10, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:

(biochemistry) The glutelin protein of wheat.


myrosinase

From μύρον (múron, “myrrh”) + σίναπι (sínapi, “mustard”) (according to German Wikipedia).

(biochemistry) Any of several defense-related enzymes, in plants such as mustard, that hydrolyze glycosides, thus releasing potentially toxic substances.


nickase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that causes nicks (breaks in one strand) of nucleic acid, allowing it to unwind


nucleoplasmin

nucleoplasmin (countable and uncountable, plural nucleoplasmins)

(biochemistry) A chaperone protein that functions in the building of nucleosomes


nonsyntaxin

(biochemistry) Any protein that is not a syntaxin


nucleotidyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that transfers nucleotide residues


occludin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of plasma-membrane proteins located at tight junctions


oestrone

oestrone (countable and uncountable, plural oestrones)

(British spelling, biochemistry, steroids) Alternative spelling of estrone.


oestriol

oestriol (countable and uncountable, plural oestriols)

(British spelling, biochemistry, steroids) Alternative spelling of estriol.


palmitoyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase involved in palmitoylation


paraxis

(biochemistry) A basic helix-loop-helix protein expressed in paraxial mesoderm and developing somites


perforin

perforin (countable and uncountable, plural perforins)

From perforate + -in, alluding to its action on the cell membrane.

(biochemistry) A cytolytic protein found in natural killer cells.


huntingtin

huntingtin (countable and uncountable, plural huntingtins)

Huntington's disease
Huntington's disease

(biochemistry) A protein whose polymorphism is associated with Huntington's disease.


neutravidin

(biochemistry) A deglycosylated version of avidin


carrier protein

carrier protein (plural carrier proteins)

(biochemistry) Any protein whose function is to transport small molecules (or other proteins) through biological membranes


phosphotransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group (phosphorylation)


phytase

(biochemistry) A phosphatase, present in cereals, that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phytic acid into inositol and phosphoric acid.


plakoglobin

plakoglobin (countable and uncountable, plural plakoglobins)

(biochemistry) A catenin protein that is a component of desmosomes.


polyprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein (especially ones produced by viruses) that cleave to produce a number of polypeptides, some of which act as hormones


synapsin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins implicated in the regulation of neurotransmitter release at synapses


bone morphogenetic protein

bone morphogenetic protein (plural bone morphogenetic proteins)

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that encourage the formation of bone and cartilage


elongator

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins associated with histone acetylation


endoglycosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that releases oligosaccharides from glycoproteins or glycolipids


paxillin

paxillin (countable and uncountable, plural paxillins)

(biochemistry) A signal transduction adaptor protein


phosphoribosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers a phosphoribosyl group


presenilin

From presenile + -in, since they were first identified in screens for mutations causing early onset forms of familial Alzheimer's disease.

(biochemistry) Any of a class of transmembrane proteins


probasin

(biochemistry) A protein expressed in the epithelial cells of the prostate.


procapsid

(biochemistry) A capsid that contains no viral nucleic acid.


prominin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of polytopic membrane proteins found in all animals


pseudokinase

(biochemistry) A protein containing a catalytically inactive kinase domain.


pyrin

(biochemistry) A protein that regulates the body's inflammatory response to trauma.


cofilin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins which disassemble actin filaments


beta-lactamase

(biochemistry) An enzyme produced by certain bacteria, responsible for their resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin.


amyloglucosidase

(biochemistry) A form of amylase used industrially to produce sugars from starches

amiloglucosidasi

a form of amylase used industrially to produce sugars from starches


carbonic anhydrase

carbonic anhydrase (plural carbonic anhydrases)

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate


pinin

pinin (countable and uncountable, plural pinins)

(biochemistry) A protein associated with desmosome


phosphofructokinase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of kinase enzymes that convert fructose phosphates to biphosphates


hexokinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of a hexose


glucanase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that breaks down a glucan


glucoamylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyzes the glucoside bond in starches and dextrins


glucosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyses glucosides


securin

(biochemistry) A protein involved in anaphase triggering.


steptavidin

(biochemistry) A protein, having a structure containing four cavities, that has a high affinity for biotin


stargazin

From stargaze + -in, since modifications of the protein caused mice to gaze upward in experiments.

(biochemistry) A brain-specific transmembrane protein associated with a form of epilepsy


stomatin

stomatin (countable and uncountable, plural stomatins)

(biochemistry) An erythrocyte membrane protein.


xylanase

(biochemistry) Any of various enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of xylan


pectinase

(biochemistry) Any protease that break down pectin.


ligninase

(biochemistry) Any of various enzymes that break down lignin


syncytin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of captive retroviral envelope proteins involved in human placental morphogenesis


epimerase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the stereochemical inversion of the configuration about an asymmetric carbon atom in a substrate having more than one center of asymmetry.


coronin

(biochemistry) An actin binding protein which also interacts with microtubules


kisspeptin

kisspeptin (countable and uncountable, plural kisspeptins)

Named after the gene KISS1, itself named after the confectionery Hershey's Kisses because it was discovered in Hershey, Pennsylvania.

(biochemistry) A protein-coupled ligand that plays a role in puberty


transglutaminase

(biochemistry) Any of a family of enzymes that catalyze the reaction of lysine and glutamine groups in proteins and have a function in blood coagulation.


calnexin

calnexin (countable and uncountable, plural calnexins)

endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum

(biochemistry) A chaperone protein of the endoplasmic reticulum.


calreticulin

calreticulin (countable and uncountable, plural calreticulins)

(biochemistry) A multifunctional protein that binds calcium ions.


caltractin

(biochemistry) A calcium-binding protein found in Chlamydomonas


asialoglycoprotein

(biochemistry) Any glycoprotein from which the sialic acid residues have been removed

asialoglicoproteína

any glycoprotein from which the sialic acid residues have been removed


centrin

centrin (usually uncountable, plural centrins)


cylindromatosis

(biochemistry) A cytoplasmic protein that functions as a deubiquitinating enzyme


desulfurase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the removal of sulfur (or the elements of hydrogen sulfide) from a molecule


cullin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that have a role in protein degradation and ubiquitinylation


erasin

(biochemistry) A ubiquitin-containing protein that is involved in the degradation of the proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum


dynamin

dynamin (countable and uncountable, plural dynamins)

(biochemistry) A hydrolase responsible for endocytosis in eukaryotic cells


glycanase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a glycan


isopeptidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of an isopeptide bond, especially that between the terminal diglycine attached to ubiquitin


mannosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a mannose group between molecules


oligosaccharyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an oligosaccharide


mannosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of mannose glycosides.


procaspase

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that are the precursors of caspase


rhodanese

(biochemistry) A mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of cyanide to thiocyanate


sulfurtransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of sulfur-containing groups between molecules


signalosome

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins, complexes of which are involved in the regulation of protein degradation.


trypanin

(biochemistry) A protein found in the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells


tuberin

(biochemistry) A protein found in potatoes

(biochemistry) The tuberous sclerosis protein (known as TSC2)


vimentin

From Latin vīmentum (“osier, withy”) + -in (“protein”).

af

(biochemistry) Any of a group of polypeptides that polymerize to form filaments in the cytoskeleton.

vimentine

any of a group of polypeptides that polymerize to form filaments in the cytoskeleton


flippase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme located in the membrane responsible for aiding the movement of phospholipid molecules between the two leaflets that compose a cell's membrane (transverse diffusion).


phytocyanin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of blue, copper-containing proteins present in many plants


chromoprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein, such as haemoglobin, that has a metal-containing pigmented group such as haem.


dystroglycan

en-noun

dystroglycan (countable and uncountable, plural dystroglycans)

(biochemistry) A glycoprotein associated with dystrophin.


flotillin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins responsible for creating ordered platforms (or rafts) of lipids.


enterokinase

(biochemistry) An enzyme, secreted by the upper intestinal mucosa, that catalyzes the activation of trypsinogen by converting it to trypsin


macerozyme

(biochemistry) An enzyme used experimentally to digest cell walls prior to organelle isolation.


lyticase

(biochemistry) A complex of endoglucanase and protease catalyzes yeast cell lysis


endoglucanase

(biochemistry) Any glucanase/cellulase that is active within the organism that produced it.


neuroglobin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of vertebrate globins involved in cellular oxygen homeostasis


pectolyase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes that degrade pectin


vacuolin

(biochemistry) Any of several small proteins that bind to cytoplasmic surfaces


pyrophosphohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate


glutaminase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glutamine to glutamic acid and ammonia


pro-protein

posttranslational modification
posttranslational modification

(biochemistry) Any inactive protein that can be activated by posttranslational modification


pro-peptide

(biochemistry) Any inactive peptide that can be activated by posttranslational modification


polyamine oxidase

polyamine oxidase (plural polyamine oxidases)

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of a polyamine, but especially of acetylspermine to acetylspermidine and aminopropanal


resolvase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that repress transposases


quinoprotein

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that have quinones as cofactors.


kininogen

(biochemistry) Any of a set of proteins defined by their primary role as precursors for kinin


kallikrein

kallikrein (countable and uncountable, plural kallikreins)

From Ancient Greek κᾰλλίκρεᾰς (kallíkreas, “sweetbread, pancreas”) + -in, from κᾰλλί- (kallí-, “beautiful”) + κρέᾰς (kréas, “flesh, meat”).

af

(biochemistry) A hypotensive protease that liberates kinins from blood plasma proteins and is used therapeutically for vasodilation.


parvalbumin

en-noun

parvalbumin (countable and uncountable, plural parvalbumins)

(biochemistry) A small albumin protein of the nervous system that binds calcium.


creatine kinase

creatine kinase (plural creatine kinases)

adenosine triphosphate
adenosine triphosphate

adenosine diphosphate
adenosine diphosphate

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of creatine and uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to create phosphocreatine and adenosine diphosphate (ADP).


hirudin

hirudin (countable and uncountable, plural hirudins)

(biochemistry) A peptide, obtained from the salivary glands of leeches, that is used as an anticoagulant.

هيرودين

peptide obtained from the salivary glands of leeches


sialyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of sialic acid moieties (especially to certain glycolipids)


reticulin

(biochemistry) A scleroprotein, similar to collagen, found in lymphatic connective tissue


scleroprotein

(biochemistry) Any of many fibrous proteins found in connective tissue etc.


lipoprotein lipase

lipoprotein lipase (plural lipoprotein lipases)

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a lipoprotein


amicyanin

(biochemistry) A specific protein that plays a role in electron transfer, containing a copper atom.


plastocyanin

plastocyanin (countable and uncountable, plural plastocyanins)

(biochemistry) An important copper-containing protein, involved in electron transfer


aldolase

(biochemistry) An enzyme, present in some tissue, that catalyses the conversion of phosphates of fructose to those of glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone


diphosphatase

(biochemistry, especially in combination) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of the diphosphate of a specific nucleotide or other biochemical compound


euglobulin

(biochemistry) A fraction of serum proteins obtained as a precipitate by adjusting salt levels and pH.


TSH

But I had my blood levels taken at the laboratory about a month ago, and I had an unusually high concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)—about ten times the normal amount—which means that the lithium is wreaking havoc on my glands, which means that I could end up in a really bad physical state.

1994, Elizabeth Wurtzel, Prozac Nation: Young and Depressed in America, Houghton Mifflin, →ISBN, page 4:

thyroid-stimulating hormone
thyroid-stimulating hormone#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of thyroid-stimulating hormone.


trimethyltransferase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the transfer of three methyl groups


galectin

(biochemistry) A lectin that binds galactosides


amylopsin

(biochemistry) A pancreatic form of amylase.


colicin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins, secreted by certain strains of bacteria, that kill but do not lyse other strains


pseudocholinesterase

pseudocholinesterase (countable and uncountable, plural pseudocholinesterases)

(biochemistry) One of the two types of cholinesterase (the other being acetylcholinesterase), found primarily in the liver where it hydrolyses butyrylcholine.


cryoglobulin

A protein that becomes insoluble at low temperatures.


racemase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the stereochemical inversion of the configuration about an asymmetric carbon atom in a substrate having only one center of asymmetry.


halorhodopsin

halorhodopsin (countable and uncountable, plural halorhodopsins)

(biochemistry) A light-driven ion pump, specific to chloride ions, found in phylogenetically ancient archaea known as halobacteria.


atlastin

atlastin (countable and uncountable, plural atlastins)

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins whose function is to fuse cell membranes


neurogranin

(biochemistry) A protein, produced in the brain, that binds calmodulin.


reticulon

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins found in the endoplasmic reticulum that have a variety of functions.


formamidase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of formylkynurenine to kynurenine and formate during the metabolism of tryptophan


formyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that catalyses the transfer of a formyl group


calponin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that bind calcium.


fimbrin

(biochemistry) A protein of the calponin family


tropomyosin

/ˌtɹəʊ.pəʊˈmʌɪ.əs.ɪn/

/ˌtɹəʊ.pəˈmʌɪ.əs.ɪn/

From Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos, “turn”, noun) + myosin.

af

(biochemistry) A protein involved in muscle contraction. It is related to myosin and occurs together with troponin in the thin filaments of muscle tissue.

tropomyosine

biochemistry: protein involved in muscle contraction


hydrophobin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of small, cysteine-rich proteins that are expressed only by filamentous fungi, known for their capability of forming a hydrophobic coating on the surface of an object


gyrase

en-noun

gyrase (countable and uncountable, plural gyrases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that supercoils DNA.


hydroxocobalamin

(biochemistry) A natural analog of vitamin B₁₂, a basic member of the cobalamin family of compounds, with an intense red color.


aconitase

aconitase (countable and uncountable, plural aconitases)

The enzyme system bringing about the reversible hydration of cisaconitic acid has been shown to be different from fumarase and termed "aconitase".

1939 June 1, William Arthur Johnson, “Aconitase”, in Biochemical Journal, volume 33, number 6, page 1046:

These are: aconitase, isocitric dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutaric dehydrogenase, succinic dehydrogenase, fumarase, malic dehydrogenase, DPHN-oxidase, and cytochrome oxidase.

1959, Virginia Commission of Fisheries, Report of the Commission of Fisheries of Virginia, page 54:

The best-characterized member of iron-sulfur isomerases is mitochondrial aconitase.

2000, Louis J. Ignarro, Nitric Oxide: Biology and Pathobiology, page 301:

tricarboxylic acid cycle
tricarboxylic acid cycle

(biochemistry) Aconitate hydratase, an enzyme that catalyses the stereospecific isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle.


aspartylglucosaminidase

A human gene and amidohydrolase enzyme involved in the catabolism of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins.


calbindin

calbindin (countable and uncountable, plural calbindins)

(biochemistry) Any of a class of calcium-binding proteins first described as the vitamin D-dependent calcium binding proteins in intestine and kidney.


calretinin

calretinin (countable and uncountable, plural calretinins)

(biochemistry) A vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein involved in calcium signalling and abundantly expressed in neurons; it stains mesothelioma and can help to identify lung tumours.


reelin

From reel + -in, from the abnormal gait of reeler mice, later found to be deficient in this protein.

(biochemistry) A protein that helps to regulate processes of neuronal migration and positioning in the developing brain.


protoporphyrinogen oxidase

protoporphyrinogen IX
protoporphyrinogen IX

(biochemistry) An enzyme responsible for the seventh step in heme production, removing hydrogen atoms from protoporphyrinogen IX to form protoporphyrin IX.


phycoerythrocyanin

phycoerythrocyanin (countable and uncountable, plural phycoerythrocyanins)

(biochemistry) A phycobiliprotein involved in photosynthesis, notably in Cyanobacteria and red algae.


ferrochelatase

ferrochelatase (countable and uncountable, plural ferrochelatases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme, localized to the mitochondrion, that catalyses the terminal (eighth) step in the biosynthesis of heme, converting protoporphyrin IX into heme


apyrase

(biochemistry) Any of a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP, releasing phosphate and available energy

apirase

any of a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP


phototropin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of photoreceptor flavoproteins that mediate phototropism in higher plants.


chondroitinase

Animals that were given the treatment produced an enzyme called chondroitinase which breaks down scar tissue and allows the broken nerves to reconnect with each other.

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans.


endophilin

(biochemistry) An accessory protein that has several functions associated with cell membranes


epsin

(biochemistry) A protein that has a function in maintaining cell membrane curvature


amphiphysin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of protein associated with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles

anfifisina

any of a class of protein associated with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles


griffithsin

(biochemistry) A protein, isolated from the red alga Griffithsia, that may have some use as a microbicide.


glycohydrolase

glycohydrolase (countable and uncountable, plural glycohydrolases)

(biochemistry) Any of many enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of glycosides


thermolysin

thermolysin (countable and uncountable, plural thermolysins)

(biochemistry) A thermostable neutral metalloproteinase enzyme produced by the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus thermoproteolyticus.


fascin

(biochemistry) An actin-bundling protein.


nexin

(biochemistry) A protein that constitutes a link between microtubules in cilia and flagella.


tensin

tensin (countable and uncountable, plural tensins)

(biochemistry) A multidomain protein that binds to actin filaments.


prohibitin

prohibitin (countable and uncountable, plural prohibitins)

(biochemistry) A protein, found in almost all living things, thought to have multiple functions.


innexin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins used to create gap junctions in invertebrates


deiodinase

deiodinase (countable and uncountable, plural deiodinases)

(biochemistry) iodide peroxidase, an enzyme that is involved in the activation or deactivation of thyroid hormones


betacyanin

betacyanin (countable and uncountable, plural betacyanins)

Amaranthus tricolor
Amaranthus tricolor#Translingual

Any of the betalain pigments which appear reddish to violet, found in beets, chard, and Amaranthus tricolor


betaxanthin

betaxanthin (countable and uncountable, plural betaxanthins)

From translingual Beta (“beet genus”) + xanth- + -in.

af

Any of the betalain pigments which appear yellow to orange.


emerin

(biochemistry) A protein found in the nuclear membrane of vertebrate cells


glycyrrhizic acid

(organic chemistry) Synonym of glycyrrhizin.


glycyrrhizin

From glycyrrhiza (“licorice root”) + -in.

Glycyrrhiza glabra
Glycyrrhiza glabra#Translingual

(organic chemistry) A crystalline glycosidic acid, the main sweet-tasting compound from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root, thirty to fifty times as sweet as sucrose (table sugar).


arylesterase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an aryl ester

arilesterase

any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an aryl ester


pontin

(biochemistry) An ATPase that is a component of telomerase


pyrophosphorylase

(biochemistry) Any pyrophosphate transferase


sulfiredoxin

en-noun

sulfiredoxin (countable and uncountable, plural sulfiredoxins)

(biochemistry) An oxidoreductase enzyme involved in antioxidant metabolism


dispase

(biochemistry) A protease that cleaves fibronectin and collagen


immunophilin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of isomerases active in the immune system.


neurofibromin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins associated with neurofibromatosis


phogrin

(biochemistry) A protein present on insulin-secretory granules of pancreatic beta cells


syncollin

(biochemistry) A small protein found in the exocrine pancreas


flavoenzyme

(biochemistry) Any oxidoreductase that requires FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) as a prosthetic group that functions in electron transfers


asparaginase

asparaginase (countable and uncountable, plural asparaginases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of asparagine to aspartic acid, used in chemotherapy.

asparaginaza

an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of asparagine to aspartic acid


ninein

(biochemistry) A protein that has a centrosomal function


intrinsic protein

intrinsic protein (plural intrinsic proteins)

(biochemistry) A protein (or group of proteins) permanently attached to a biological membrane by interactions between its hydrophobic dimer units and the phospholipids of the membrane


adrenosterone

(biochemistry) A hormone, originally isolated from the adrenal cortex, that has weak androgenic effects.


invertin

(obsolete, biochemistry) Any enzyme that converts a sugar to an invert sugar; saccharase.


sestrin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that play key roles in regulating aging and metabolism


Goα

1999. Yu, Bo. "An engineered mutant of G protein α subunit that binds xanthine nucleotide and not guanine nucleotide", Ph.D. thesis, California Institute of Technology.
The Giα family name implies that some of its members can inhibit adenylyl cyclase upon activation, and includes three Giα isoforms, Goα (a predominately neural α subunit, two different splicing variants), […]

(biochemistry, uncountable) a type of GTP-binding protein subunit belonging to the Giα family, expressed primarily in neural cell types


protein kinase

These findings, together with previous evidence that heparin stimulates Tau phosphorylation by protein kinases, have been used to argue that sulfated glycosaminoglycans may be a critical factor in the formation of the neurofibrillary tangles.

2009, Ajit Varki with Hudson H. Freeze, “Glycans in Acquired Human Diseases”, in Varki, A., et al., editor, Essentials of Glycobiology, 2nd edition, CSH Press, →ISBN, retrieved 2009-12-05:

(biochemistry) a kinase whose substrate is a protein


myelin protein zero

(biochemistry) the major structural protein of the peripheral myelin sheath


(biochemistry, uncountable) a protein found in neurons, a component of the exocyst involved in regulating actin polymerization


nerve growth factor

nerve growth factor (countable and uncountable, plural nerve growth factors)

They (trypsin-like serine proteases) are also thought to be involved in the processing or activation of other biologically important proteins such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) (3–5).

1983, Philip N. Howles, Douglas P. Dickinson, Laura L. DiCaprio, Mary Woodworth-Gutai, Kenneth W Gross, “Use of a cDNA recombinant for the γ-subunit of mouse nerve growth factor to localize members of this multigene family near the TAM-1 locus on chromosome 7.”, in Nucleic Acids Research, 12, no. 6 26 March 1984: 2791:

Nerve growth factor is the prototypical member of the neurotrophin family.

1999 Landreth, Gary E. Growth Factors. In: Siegel, George J.; et al. Basic Neurochemistry. Philadelphia: Lippincott–Raven Publishers; 1999 [cited 18 December 2009]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=bnchm&part=A1358#A1364

(biochemistry) a functional protein complex required for the survival, growth and specialization of certain types of neurons in vertebrates.


glucocorticoid receptor

glucocorticoid receptor (plural glucocorticoid receptors)

The cellular site of binding of dexamethasone by specific glucocorticoid receptors in cultured hepatoma cells was investigated with the use of certain mercurials.

1972, B. B. Levinson, J. D. Baxter, G. G. Rousseau, G. M. Tomkins, “Cellular site of glucocorticoid-receptor complex formation.”, in Science, 175, no. 18 14 January 1972: 189-190:

2009 Zimmer, Carl. "Can Evolution Run in Reverse? A Study Says It’s a One-Way Street," New York Times, 28 September 2009 [cited 18 December 2009], Science section, online edition, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/29/science/29evol.html.
They studied a protein called a glucocorticoid receptor that helps humans and most other vertebrates cope with stress by grabbing a hormone called cortisol and then switching on stress-defense genes.

(biochemistry) A protein found in multiple forms within cells, which binds glucocorticoids and subsequently influences gene transcription.


phosphohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyzes an organic phosphate group


hexosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any glycosyltransferase that catalyzes the transfer of a hexose


nectin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins that have a function in cell-to-cell adhesion


HGPRT

HGPRT (countable and uncountable, plural HGPRTs)

(biochemistry) Initialism of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase


pectinesterase

pectinesterase (countable and uncountable, plural pectinesterases)

(biochemistry) A ubiquitous cell-wall-associated enzyme that presents several isoforms that facilitate plant cell wall modification and subsequent breakdown, found in all higher plants as well as in some bacteria and fungi


RUB

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins similar to ubiquitin


tenascin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of glycoprotein found in the extracellular matrix of developing vertebrate embryos


thromboplastin

(biochemistry) A protease that converts prothrombin to thrombin during the clotting of blood.


deacetyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups, especially from a lysine residue of a histone


aminomethyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an aminomethyl group

aminometyylitransferaasi

any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an aminomethyl group


alkyllysinase

(biochemistry) Any of a family of enzymes that catalyses the removal of alkyl (especially methyl) groups from lysine


deiminase

(biochemistry) Any hydrolase that hydrolyses imines


chorismic acid

(organic chemistry) The compound (3R,4R)-3-[(1-carboxyvinyl)oxy]-4-hydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid, whose anion chorismate is an important biochemical intermediate in plants and microorganisms.


ribosylhydrolase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of hydrolase enzymes that remove ribose moieties


succinyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase enzyme that transfers succinyl groups


sortase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of prokaryotic enzymes that form pili through cleavage and isopeptide bonding of precursors


enolase

(biochemistry) A metalloenzyme responsible for the catalysis of phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate during glycolysis


lactalbumin

lactalbumin (countable and uncountable, plural lactalbumins)

(biochemistry) The albumin content of milk.


lactoglobulin

(biochemistry) The globulin content of milk


myogenin

(biochemistry) A protein (and associated gene) responsible for the development of skeletal muscle


myoglobulin

(biochemistry) The globulin of muscle tissue


syntenin

(biochemistry) A protein that binds the cytoplasmic C-terminal FYA motif of the syndecans


staphylokinase

(biochemistry) A kinase, from Staphylococcus bacteria, that activates plasminogen to form plasmin


thyroglobulin

(biochemistry) A globulin, produced by the thyroid gland, that has a role in the production of the thyroid hormones


stromelysin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of metalloproteinases that cleave extracellular matrix proteins.


exopolyphosphatase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of exocellular phosphohydrolases that hydrolyse polyphosphate


molybdoenzyme

In the present investigation evidence is presented indicating that the CO₂ reductase from Cl. pasteurianum most probably is a molybdoenzyme: It is synthesized only in the presence of molybdenum and is inactivated by low concentrations of cyanide, as are other molybdoenzymes.

1973 December 15, “CO₂ reductase from Clostridium pasteurianum: Molybdenum dependence of synthesis and inactivation by cyanide”, in FEBS Letters, volume 38, number 1, page 45:

Many organisms possessed several molybdoenzyme families and several subfamilies within these families. In archaea, as in bacteria, DMSOR was also the most frequently used molybdoenzyme family (>95% of Mo-utilizing organisms).

2016, Valeria Culotta, Metals in Cells, page 26:

While eukaryotes produce only a limited number of enzymes belonging to the sulfite oxidase and xanthine oxidase families (for instance, four molybdoenzymes are present in humans), enzymes of all three families are present in prokaryotes with enzymes of the DMSO reductase family being predominant.

2016, Russ Hille, Molybdenum and Tungsten Enzymes, page 118:

(biochemistry) Any metalloenzyme in which the active metal is molybdenum.


nucleotidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a nucleotide to a nucleoside and phosphate


prephenic acid

(organic chemistry) An intermediate in the biosynthesis of the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine


azoreductase

(biochemistry) Any of a family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of diamines to azo compounds


stenodactylin

(biochemistry) A highly toxic ribosome-inactivating protein found in the passionflower Adenia stenodactyla


metallocarboxypeptidase

(biochemistry) Any metalloproteinase exopeptidase


sialidase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of mammalian lysosomal neuraminidases.


fucosyltransferase

(biochemistry) A transferase that catalyzes the transfer of fucose sugars


alkaline phosphatase

alkaline phosphatase (plural alkaline phosphatases)

(biochemistry) Any of a group of phosphatases that are most active in an alkaline environment


fucosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a fucoside


hexosaminidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal hexosamine residues in hexosaminides


calcin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of polypeptides that have an affinity for calcium


supercatalyst

(chemistry, biochemistry) Any catalyst (especially an enzyme) that catalyzes a large range of reactions


barnase

barnase (countable and uncountable, plural barnases)

(biochemistry) A small protein, produced by the bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and others, that has ribonuclease activity


emulsin

(dated, biochemistry) A mixture of enzymes, extracted from bitter almonds, once used to hydrolyze glucosides.


mannokinase

(biochemistry) A kinase, ATP:D-mannose 6-phosphotransferase


chitinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyzes chitin.


arabinofuranosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an arabinofuranoside

arabinofuranosidase

any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an arabinofuranoside


xylosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a xyloside.


transglycosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a sugar moiety between different glycosides


mannanase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of mannans


diaphorase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of flavoprotein enzymes that catalyze the reduction of cytochrome and other similar compounds


microcephalin

(genetics, biochemistry) A protein and associated gene responsible for microcephaly.


immunoadhesin

The study builds on previous research which has shown that immunoadhesins can prevent HIV from spreading to new cells and can also kill infected cells while leaving healthy cells alone..

1990 April 28, Kelly Gaines, “New Drug Fights Perinatal HIV Infection”, in Gay Community News, page 2:

(immunology, biochemistry) Any of a family of recombinant fusion proteins


adenylyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of adenylyl groups


meromyosin

(biochemistry) Either of the two subunits of myosin that are formed by the action of trypsin


cefotaximase

(biochemistry) A penicillinase specific to cefotaxime


cecropin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of antimicrobial peptides that lyse bacterial cell membranes


cochaperone

(biochemistry) Any protein that regulates the activity of a chaperone.


chymase

(biochemistry) Any of a family of serine proteases present in mast cells


dimethyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of two methyl groups


hephaestin

From Hephaestus + -in, after the god of metalworking.

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of iron(II) state, Fe²⁺ to iron(III) state, Fe³⁺.


insulinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that inactivates insulin


apomyoglobin

(biochemistry) A form of myoglobin that lacks a heme unit

apomioglobina

a form of myoglobin that lacks a heme unit


amelotin

(biochemistry) A protein secreted by ameloblasts during tooth development


apocytochrome

(biochemistry) Any form of a cytochrome that is lacking the heme unit

apocitocromo

any form of a cytochrome that is lacking the heme unit


ameloblastin

(biochemistry) A protein, formed in the ameloblasts, that is found in the enamel of teeth


caveolin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins associated with caveolae membranes


colipase

colipase (countable and uncountable, plural colipases)

(biochemistry) A protein coenzyme secreted by the pancreas


enamelysin

(biochemistry) A matrix metalloproteinase that is associated with the formation of dental enamel


enamelin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins associated with the formation of dental enamel.


homeoprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein that has a homeodomain.


glutaredoxin

glutaredoxin (usually uncountable, plural glutaredoxins)

(biochemistry) Any of a family of small redox enzymes that use glutathione as a cofactor.


lysophospholipase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of a fatty acid from a lysophospholipid


conglutin

(biochemistry) A form of legumin found in almonds, lupins, rye etc.


nucleolin

nucleolin (countable and uncountable, plural nucleolins)

(biochemistry) A eukaryotic nucleolar phosphoprotein that is involved in the synthesis and maturation of ribosomes.


caldendrin

(biochemistry) A particular calcium-binding protein


collapsin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of glycoproteins that inhibit regeneration of mature neurones


microribonucleoprotein

(biochemistry) Any very small ribonucleoprotein


ectoprotein

(biochemistry) Any extracellular protein


epoxyeicosatrienoic acid

epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (plural epoxyeicosatrienoic acids)

(organic chemistry) Any epoxy derivative of eicosatrienoic acid, most of which have biochemical activity


synectin

(biochemistry) A cytoplasmic domain-binding protein that inhibits cell migration


frataxin

(biochemistry) A class of protein found in mitochondria.


ketoreductase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of a ketone


optineurin

(biochemistry) A protein that is associated with glaucoma


amylin

(biochemistry) A pancreatic polypeptide hormone that is secreted with insulin by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, that is a major component of the amyloid deposits found outside beta cells in those affected with type 2 diabetes, and that inhibits the glucose synthesis stimulated by insulin in skeletal muscles.


paraplegin

(biochemistry) A metalloprotease associated with paraplegia


arylsulfatase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of sulfatase enzymes.


ARSE

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of arylsulfatase E, an enzyme, deficiencies in which are associated with abnormalities in cartilage and bone development.


paraoxonase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that act as antioxidants


antirepressor

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that blocks or inactivates a repressor


bromoperoxidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, catalyzes the bromination of a hydrocarbon


iodoperoxidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, catalyzes the iodination of a hydrocarbon.


abhydrolase

(biochemistry) Any of a family of hydrolases having an alpha/beta hydrolase fold


ptyalin

ptyalin (usually uncountable, plural ptyalins)

From Ancient Greek πτύαλον (ptúalon, “saliva”).

der

(biochemistry) A form of amylase found in saliva that breaks down starch into maltose and dextrin.


neurokeratin

(biochemistry) The protein component of the myelin sheath.


bromelein

(biochemistry) A proteolytic enzyme found in pineapples


adrenodoxin

en-noun

adrenodoxin (countable and uncountable, plural adrenodoxins)

(biochemistry) A ferredoxin present in mitochondria of the adrenal cortex.


autotaxin

lysophosphatidic acid
lysophosphatidic acid

(biochemistry) An ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase that catalyzes the conversion of lysophosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidic acid


ectoenzyme

(biochemistry) Any enzyme found outside of (or on the outer surface of) a cell


acetylesterase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of an acetate ester.

acetyloesteraza

any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of an acetate ester


tannase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of tannic acid to gallic acid


angiostatin

angiostatin (countable and uncountable, plural angiostatins)

(biochemistry, medicine) A protein that inhibits angiogenesis; it is used to inhibit the growth of new blood vessels in tumours.


thrombokinase

thrombokinase (countable and uncountable, plural thrombokinases)

(biochemistry) A proteolytic enzyme that converts prothrombin into thrombin during the clotting of blood


cutinase

(biochemistry) cutin hydrolase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes cutin


otoferlin

(biochemistry) A transmembrane protein which is defective in a recessive form of human deafness


dehydropeptidase

(biochemistry) Any of a particular group of dipeptidases


sclerotin

(biochemistry) The crosslinked protein component of the cuticles of insects.


Crystals of phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase (EC 6.3.2.6) from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were grown by the vapor diffusion hanging-drop technique, using ammonium sulfate as the precipitant.

1992, A. I. Grebenko, V. M. Levdikov, V. V. Barynin, W. R. Melik-Adamyan, A. N. Myasnikov, Crystallization and preliminary X-ray investigation of phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae:

(biochemistry) A ligase enzyme involved in purine metabolism.


desmocollin

From desmo- + Ancient Greek κόλλα (kólla, “glue”) + -in.

(biochemistry) Any of a family of glycoproteins (cadherin), found in desmosomes, responsible for intercellular adhesion.


siderocalin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins, produced in the body following bacterial infection, that act against siderophores


paraprotein

(biochemistry) A protein found in the blood only as a result of disease


proteinoid

(biochemistry) A polypeptide formed abiotically from by heating a mixture of amino acids


actinodin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins that are essential structural components of fin rays and fin folds of zebrafish.


fusokine

(biochemistry) Any of a group of interleukins that stimulate the immune system


chromogranin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of secretory proteins found in many types of cell.


immunopeptide

(immunology, biochemistry) Any peptide involved in the biochemistry of the immune system


periostin

(biochemistry) A protein normally expressed during cardiac development but also re-expressed following injury to adult tissue.


procyclin

(biochemistry) A protein developed in the surface coating of trypanosomes whilst in the fly vector.


survivin

(biochemistry) A protein that inhibits caspase activity


sialoglycoprotein

(biochemistry) Any glycoprotein that is combined with sialic acid


tristetraprolin

(biochemistry) Any of a particular family of zinc finger proteins


transportin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins involved with the karyopherin receptor complex


monomethyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any methyltransferase that transfers a single methyl group


alkyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers alkyl groups.

alkyylitransferaasi

any transferase that transfers alkyl groups


cellubrevin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins that regulate vesicle fusion


dysferlin

(biochemistry) A protein that is linked with skeletal muscle repair


monophosphatase

(biochemistry) Any phosphatase that dephosphorylates a monophosphate


myotubularin

myotubularin (countable and uncountable, plural myotubularins)

(biochemistry) A phosphatase that dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositols


isomerohydrolase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that hydrolyzes all-trans-retinyl esters into 11-cis-retinol.


transcarbamylase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that catalyzes the transfer of a carbamyl group


orosomucoid

(biochemistry) An acidoglycoprotein found in blood plasma


protrudin

(biochemistry) A protein that induces neurite formation


quiescin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins isolated from quiescent lung fibroblasts.


clusterin

(biochemistry) A heterodimeric glycoprotein associated with apoptosis.


thrombomodulin

thrombomodulin (usually uncountable, plural thrombomodulins)

(biochemistry) An antithrombotic membrane protein on the surface of endothelial cells.


transgelin

(biochemistry) A calponin found in smooth muscle cells.


acetylglucosaminidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucose residues in chitobiose and in glycoproteins


dihydrolase

(biochemistry) Any hydrolase that catalyzes a reaction involving two hydrolyses


glucosylase

(biochemistry) Any glycosylase that acts on a glucoside.


properdin

From pro- + perdere (“to destroy”); see perdition + -in.

(biochemistry) A protein in human serum that complements part of the immune system


glucosaminidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyzes chitin to produce glucosamine.


angiotensinase

(biochemistry) Any peptidase that hydrolyzes angiotensin

angiotensinase

any peptidase that hydrolyzes angiotensin


phosphohistone

(biochemistry) A phosphoprotein related to histone.


ribosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers ribosyl groups


nucleophosmin

(biochemistry) A protein associated with nucleoli


myomegalin

(biochemistry) A protein that is associated with cardiomyopathy


caeruloplasmin

(biochemistry) Alternative form of ceruloplasmin


aggrecan

aggrecan (countable and uncountable, plural aggrecans)

(biochemistry) A proteoglycan, containing chondroitin sulfate, that is a major component of cartilage

agrecano

a proteoglycan that is a major component of cartilage


conchiolin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins which, together with polysaccharides and calcium carbonate, make up the shells of molluscs.


FAT

FAT (countable and uncountable, plural FATs)

(genetics, biochemistry) Any of a series of genes and their equivalent proteins that are associated with cell proliferation.


stanazolol

Toney, 38, tested positive for boldenone and stanazolol, and Batchelder tested positive for stanazolol and oxandolone^([sic]), Garcia said.

2007 June 14, The Associated Press, “Sports Briefing”, in New York Times:

(biochemistry, steroids) A synthetic anabolic steroid derived from testosterone.


TTR

/ˌtiː ˌtiː ˈɑː/

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of transthyretin.


modulin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of modulatory protein, produced by some bacteria, some of which are toxic


SNAP

(biochemistry) Acronym of soluble NSF attachment protein.


syntonin

syntonin (countable and uncountable, plural syntonins)

(obsolete, biochemistry) A form of fibrin found in muscle tissue, or produced by the action of acids on myosin


SST

SST (countable and uncountable, plural SSTs)

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of somatostatin.


bromelain

(biochemistry) Either of two proteolytic enzymes, found in pineapples, that are used as meat tenderizers


steapsin

steapsin (countable and uncountable, plural steapsins)

(biochemistry) A lipase that is secreted from the pancreas to hydrolyse triglycerides to liberate the fatty acids and glycerol.


juvenile hormone

juvenile hormone (plural juvenile hormones)

(biochemistry) Any of a group of sesquiterpene hormones that regulate insect physiology by preventing metamorphosis during moults.


alpha-d-galactosidase

(biochemistry) Any galactosidase that only hydrolyzes the alpha-d configuration of galactosides; a deficiency of this enzyme can lead to Fabry's disease


NEMO

(biochemistry) Initialism of NF-kappa-B essential modulator.


disaccharidase

Lactase is a disaccharidase that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.

(biochemistry) Any of a class of glycoside hydrolases, enzymes that break down disaccharides into monosaccharides


prestin

Coined in 2000 from the musical term presto (meaning fast) because of the speed of the protein.

(biochemistry) A protein in the hairs of the inner ear


profilaggrin

(biochemistry) A polymeric precursor of filaggrin present in keratohyalin granules in cells of the stratum granulosum.


filaggrin

filaggrin (countable and uncountable, plural filaggrins)

(biochemistry) A filament-associated protein that binds to keratin fibres in epithelial cells


crambin

(biochemistry) A small protein, isolated from Crambe abyssinica, used scientifically as a model for larger proteins


lymphopoietin

(biochemistry) A cytokine protein involved in T cell maturation.


matrilysin

matrilysin (countable and uncountable, plural matrilysins)

(biochemistry) A matrix metalloproteinase that has a function in the development of tumours.


metaprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein derived from another by the use of acids or bases


prodefensin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of matrix proteins that are precursors to defensins.


acylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the removal of acyl groups, especially from acylated amino acids.


kalanin

(biochemistry) A protein that provides adhesion between epidermal keratinocytes and dermis


kallidin

kallidin (countable and uncountable, plural kallidins)

(biochemistry) A decapeptide kinin, produced in the kidneys, that causes dilation of renal blood vessels and increased water excretion.

callidina

decapeptide kinin produced in the kidneys


reductoisomerase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes a reaction involving both reduction and isomerization


thionin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of cytotoxic polypeptides found in some plants


endotransglycosylase

(biochemistry) Any transglycosylase that utilizes endogenous glycosyl donors


carboxypeptidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the terminal amino acid of a polypeptide/protein from the end that contains a free carboxyl group


abequosyltransferase

(biochemistry) A transferase that catalyzes certain reactions involving abequose


acetokinase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of acetate as part of glycolysis


flavodoxin

(biochemistry) A bacterial protein that includes flavin mononucleotide.


fructokinase

(biochemistry) A transferase enzyme of the liver, intestine, and kidney cortex.


acetylaminopeptidase

acetylaminopeptidase (plural not attested)

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the removal of acetylmethionine from the amino terminus of a protein (especially from an actin)


sucrase

(biochemistry) Any of a number of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of sucrose to fructose and glucose or to their respective homopolysaccharides


acetylgalactosaminidase

(biochemistry) A glycoside hydrolase whose deficiency leads to Schindler disease/Kanzaki disease.


acetylgalactosaminyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of glycosyltransferases that participate in the biosynthesis of glycans


acetylgalactosaminylphosphotransferase

(biochemistry) A transferase present on the surface of the retina


IMP

integral membrane protein
integral membrane protein#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of integral membrane protein.


obelin

(biochemistry) A calcium-regulated bioluminescent photoprotein from marine organisms of the genus Obelia.


galactoprotein

(biochemistry) Any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate moiety is galactose


acetylglucosaminephosphotransferase

From acetylglucosamine + phosphotransferase.

(biochemistry) A particular lysosomal transferase enzyme


acetylmannosaminyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase whose substrate is a derivative of acetylmannosamine.


acetylhydrolase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolytic removal of an acetyl group


acetylhexosaminidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of terminal acetylhexosamine residues of acetylhexosaminides


acetylmuramidase

(biochemistry) An enzyme involved in the autolysis of cells


verprolin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of actin-binding proteins that are regulators of cytoskeletal organisation in vertebrate cells.


synaptopodin

synaptopodin (countable and uncountable, plural synaptopodins)

(biochemistry) An actin-binding protein present in the podocytes of the kidney


smoothelin

(biochemistry) A cytoskeletal protein fund only in smooth muscle cells.


cortactin

(biochemistry) A microfilament protein that regulates the assembly and organization of cortical actin


myokine

Also, emerging evidence shows contracting skeletal muscles produce myokines, which are small strings of amino acids existing between muscles and the rest of the body that can help regulate various metabolic processes conducive to better cardiometabolic health, McDonough says.

2023 January 29, Ian McMahan, “For longevity, muscle strength may be as important as aerobic exercise”, in Washington Post, →ISSN:

(biochemistry) A form of cytokine produced in muscle cells.


psoriasin

(biochemistry) An inflammatory calcium-binding protein found on human skin


ectoATPase

(biochemistry) A transmembrane form of ATPase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of extracellular ATP.


ferroprotein

(biochemistry) Any protein that contains iron in a prosthetic group


ketoacylsynthase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of a keto acid


macroamylase

[To our knowledge, the simultaneous presence of macroamylase and macrolipase in the same patient has been previously reported in only four cases. Interestingly, two of those patients had celiac disease. If macroamylase and macrolipase are present, the possibility of celiac disease should be considered.]

2003, Oita T, Yamashiro A, Mizutani F, Tamura A, Sakizono K, Okada A, “[Simultaneous presence of macroamylase and macrolipase in a patient with celiac disease]”, in Rinsho Byori [Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology], volume 51, number 10, →PMID, pages 974–977:

(biochemistry) A high-molecular weight form (that is, a macroenzyme form) of amylase that is bound as a complex to a globulin and is therefore not excreted in the urine.


naphthylamidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a naphthylamide, especially one of an amino acid


xylanohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of xylan


zooagglutinin

(biochemistry) An agglutinin protein present in some venoms


DNA ligase

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymes that repair single-stranded discontinuities in double-stranded DNA


aggrecanase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteolytic enzymes that act on aggrecans

agrecanase

proteolytic enzyme that acts on aggrecans


aldoketomutase

lactoylglutathione lyase
lactoylglutathione lyase

(biochemistry) The enzyme lactoylglutathione lyase.


alkylacetylglycerophosphatase

(biochemistry) One of the hydrolase enzymes that act on phosphoric monoester bonds.


allantoinase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that produces allantoate as part of purine metabolism.


aminohydrolase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that acts upon an amino group.


aminocyclopropanecarboxylate oxidase

(biochemistry) An oxidoreductase enzyme whose products are ethylene, cyanide, dehydroascorbate, carbon dioxide, and water.


guanidinopropionase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme whose substrates are 3-guanidinopropanoate and water and whose products are beta-alanine and urea.


(biochemistry) One of the hydrolase enzymes that act on phosphoric diester bonds.


creatinase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme involved in arginine and proline metabolism.


ureohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any of various hydrolase enzymes involved in arginine/agmatine metabolism, the urea cycle, histidine degradation, and other pathways.


allantoicase

allantoicase (usually uncountable, plural allantoicases)

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that participates in purine metabolism by facilitating the utilization of purines as secondary nitrogen sources under nitrogen-limiting conditions.

alantoicase

a hydrolase enzyme that participates in purine metabolism


guanidinoacetase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of guanidinoacetate and water into glycine and urea.


diguanidinobutanase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of 1,4-diguanidinobutane and water into agmatine and urea.


agmatinase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of hydrolase enzymes that catalyze the reaction of agmatine and water into putrescine and urea.


dihydropyrimidinase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme, 5,6-dihydropyrimidine amidohydrolase.


azurin

azurin (countable and uncountable, plural azurins)

(biochemistry) The enzyme, arsenate reductase


avenin

(biochemistry) A prolamine that is the minor protein of oats.


urethanase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of urethane and water into ethanol, carbon dioxide, and ammonia.


amidinoaspartase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of N-amidino-L-aspartate and water into L-aspartate and urea.


methylguanidinase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of methylguanidine and water into methylamine and urea.


guanidinobutyrase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of 4-guanidinobutanoate and water into 4-aminobutanoate and urea.


adenylosuccinase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that converts adenylosuccinate to AMP and fumarate as part of the purine nucleotide cycle.


carbohydrase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of polysaccharides into simple sugars

carbaihiodráis

any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of polysaccharides into simple sugars


intermediate filament

intermediate filament (plural intermediate filaments)

(biochemistry) Any of a family of twisted protein filaments intermediate in size between microfilaments and microtubules.


motor protein

motor protein (countable and uncountable, plural motor proteins)

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that are able to move on a suitable substrate, being powered by the hydrolysis of ATP, and are involved in the conversion of chemical energy into mechanical work.


peripheral membrane protein

peripheral membrane protein (countable and uncountable, plural peripheral membrane proteins)

2000. Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky SL, et al. Molecular Cell Biology. 4th edition. New York: W. H. Freeman; 2000. Section 3.4, Membrane Proteins. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21570/
Peripheral membrane proteins, or extrinsic proteins, do not interact with the hydrophobic core of the phospholipid bilayer.

Peripheral membrane proteins can attach to the surface of the plasmalemma by ionic interactions with an integral protein, another peripheral membrane protein, or by interaction with the polar head groups of the phospholipids.

2005, J. William Krause, Krause's Essential Human Histology for Medical Students, page 8:

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane with which they are associated.


integral membrane protein

integral membrane protein (countable and uncountable, plural integral membrane proteins)

2000. Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky SL, et al. Molecular Cell Biology. 4th edition. New York: W. H. Freeman; 2000. Section 3.4, Membrane Proteins. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21570/
Integral membrane proteins, also called intrinsic proteins, have one or more segments that are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer.

(biochemistry) A protein (or assembly of proteins) that is permanently attached to a biological membrane.

integráns membránfehérje

protein that is permanently attached to a biological membrane


decarbonylase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a carbonyl group, especially from an aldehyde to form an alkane


amphiregulin

(biochemistry) A particular autocrine growth factor


adipophilin

(biochemistry) An adipose differentiation-related protein associated with globule surface membrane material


deoxynucleotidyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any of several DNA polymerases involved in gene recombination


calprotectin

inflammatory bowel disease
inflammatory bowel disease

(biochemistry) A calcium-binding protein that also functions as a cell growth inhibitory factor; its measurement in faeces is a test for inflammatory bowel disease.


lactotransferrin

lactotransferrin (countable and uncountable, plural lactotransferrins)


peptidylprolyl isomerase

peptidylprolyl isomerase (plural peptidylprolyl isomerases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of the cis- and trans- forms of peptide bonds involving proline


phosphatidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a lecithin or other phosphatide to a lysolecithin or other lysophospholipid


apopain

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the proteolytic degradation of PARP


atrophin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins found in nervous tissue.


cyclotide

(biochemistry) Any of a group of oligopeptides, of plant origin, that have a cyclopeptide backbone bridged with multiple disulfide bonds


germin

From germination (or related word) + -in.

(biochemistry) Any of a group of proteins, resistant to proteases, associated with the germination of cereals


galactosaminidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyzes certain glycoproteins to produce galactosamine


globulomer

(biochemistry) Any of a group of globular amyloid beta-peptide oligomers that are implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease


extein

(biochemistry) The product formed by the excision of an intein from a protein


isomaltase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of isomaltose and related dextrins


adenosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an adenosyl group, for example from ATP to an amino acid

Cob(I)yrinic acid a,c-diamide adenosyltransferase

adenosyylitransferaasi

any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of an adenosyl group


adipsin

(biochemistry) A peptidase that is secreted by adipocytes into the bloodstream and is involved in the suppression of infection


caldecrin

(biochemistry) The peptidase chymotrypsin-C


carboxydipeptidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the terminal amino acid of a dipeptide from the end that contains a free carboxyl group


depolymerase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes a depolymerization reaction


diphenoloxidase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of copper-containing oxidoreductase enzymes that oxidize catechols to quinones


carboxyprothrombin

(biochemistry) A form of prothrombin that has undergone posttranslational carboxylation.


follistatin

follistatin (countable and uncountable, plural follistatins)

(biochemistry) A protein that binds to, and neutralizes, activin


erythroagglutinin

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris#Translingual

(biochemistry) A lectin, isolated from the red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), that is involved in red cell agglutination


granulysin

granulysin (countable and uncountable, plural granulysins)

(biochemistry) A type of antimicrobial protein released by cytotoxic T cells


methylprednisone

(biochemistry, pharmacology) Alternative form of methylprednisolone


protegrin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of polypeptides, first discovered in porcine leukocytes, that have antimicrobial activity


transesterase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes a transesterification reaction


translin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of DNA-binding proteins that specifically recognise consensus sequences at the breakpoint junctions in chromosomal translocations


relaxase

(biochemistry) A single-stranded DNA transesterase produced by some prokaryotes and viruses.


thiopeptide

(biochemistry, medicine) Any of a family of antibiotics composed of a ring structure containing highly modified amino acids and a linear peptide containing dehydroalanines extending from the ring at a pyridyl group


peptidyldipeptidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of a dipeptide from the C-terminal end of an oligopeptide


cellobiohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any form of a cellulase that removes molecules of cellobiose from the ends of cellulose chains


cyclomaltodextrinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a cyclomaltodextrin to produce a linear maltodextrin


granuphilin

granuphilin (countable and uncountable, plural granuphilins)

(biochemistry) A synaptotagmin-like protein expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and in the pituitary gland.


goosecoid

transcription factor
transcription factor

(biochemistry) A particular homeobox protein that acts as a transcription factor


internalin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteins found on the surface of bacteria of the genus Listeria.


muramidase

muramidase (countable and uncountable, plural muramidases)


neopullulanase

(biochemistry) A form of pullulanase that catalyzes the hydrolysis and transglycosylation of α-1,4 and α-1,6 linkages in polysaccharides


pullulanase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzyme that catalyze the hydrolysis and transglycosylation of α-1,4 or α-1,6 linkages in polysaccharides such as pullulan.


phosphogluconolactonase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of phosphogluconolactone to phosphogluconate


sulfotyrosine

(biochemistry) The product of posttranslational sulfation of tyrosine residues in protein


botrocetin

(biochemistry) A coagglutinin, present in snake venom, that causes platelet aggregation


affibody

(biochemistry) Any of a series of commercial antibody-mimetic proteins


antennapedia

(biochemistry) A homeobox protein (and associated gene) whose overexpression in the head segment of insects can lead to the formation of legs instead of antennae.


afamin

(biochemistry) A glycoprotein that binds vitamin E


granulocytin

Sarcophaga peregrina
Sarcophaga peregrina

(biochemistry) A lectin from the flesh fly Sarcophaga peregrina


glycodelin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of progestagen-associated endometrial glycoproteins.


ginsenosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a ginsenoside glycoside


myotoxin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of small myotoxic peptides present in rattlesnake venom


microtubulin

(biochemistry) A protein associated with microtubules.


naringinase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of glucosidases that catalyze the hydrolysis of naringin glycosides (and thus reduce the bitter taste of grapefruit)


synphilin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of proteins, a mutated form of which is implicated in Parkinson's disease.


stathmin

stathmin (countable and uncountable, plural stathmins)

(biochemistry) A protein that regulates microtubule activity


peripherin

peripheral nervous system
peripheral nervous system

(biochemistry) An intermediate filament protein expressed mainly in neurons of the peripheral nervous system

(biochemistry) A photoreceptive glycoprotein


photopsin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of photoreceptor proteins present in the cones of the retina


atrial natriuretic peptide

atrial natriuretic peptide (plural atrial natriuretic peptides)

(biochemistry, endocrinology) A strong vasodilatory, peptide hormone, secreted by the cardiac muscle cells.


melanocyte-stimulating hormone

melanocyte-stimulating hormone (plural melanocyte-stimulating hormones)

(endocrinology, biochemistry) Any of a class of peptide hormones released by the pituitary gland that are involved in regulating the production of melanin.


parathyroid hormone

parathyroid hormone (plural parathyroid hormones)

(biochemistry) A polypeptide hormone that is released by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands and is involved in raising the levels of calcium ions in the blood.


arginase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of arginine to form urea and ornithine

arginaasi

an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of arginine


MPO

(biochemistry) Initialism of myeloperoxidase.


connectin

connectin (countable and uncountable, plural connectins)


galacturonosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that catalyzes the transfer of a galacturonic acid residue


desulfhydrase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the removal of the elements of hydrogen sulfide from a compound


metallophosphatase

(biochemistry) Any metalloenzyme that functions as a phosphatase


cytase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes, found especially in cereals, that solubilize cell walls by hydrolyzing mannan, galactan, xylan and araban.


crustacyanin

(biochemistry) Any of a class of complexes of astaxanthin and protein found in the carapace of lobsters


phosvitin

(biochemistry) A yolk protein that is important in sequestering calcium, iron, and other cations.


galactowaldenase

From galacto- + Walden + -ase, in reference to the Walden inversion.

(biochemistry) Synonym of phosphogalactoisomerase


phosphoglyceromutase

(biochemistry) An enzyme involved in glycolysis that catalyzes the internal transfer of a phosphate group from C-3 to C-2, resulting in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate through a 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate intermediate.


mannoprotein

(biochemistry) Any glycoprotein based on mannose.