shield

From Middle English scheld, shelde, from Old English scield (“shield”), from Proto-West Germanic *skeldu, from Proto-Germanic *skelduz (“shield”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“cut, split”). Cognate with West Frisian skyld, Dutch schild (“shield”), German Schild (“shield”), Danish skjold (“shield”), Icelandic skjöldur (“shield”) and Faroese skjøldur (“shield”).
Compare Latin scūtum (“shield”), Irish sciath (“shield”), Latgalian škīda (“shield”), Lithuanian skydas (“shield”), Russian щит (ščit, “shield”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewH- (“to cover, protect”), *skey- (“to cut, split”).

noncog

Anything that protects or defends; defense; shelter; protection.

(lichenology) In lichens, a hardened cup or disk surrounded by a rim and containing the fructification, or asci.


soredium

Latinate form from Ancient Greek σωρός (sōrós, “heap”).

(lichenology) A common scalelike reproductive structure in lichens consisting of algal cells enveloped in a network of hyphae.


anamorphosis

en-noun

anamorphosis (countable and uncountable, plural anamorphoses)

From Ancient Greek ἀναμόρφωσις (anamórphōsis).

der

(mycology, lichenology) An abnormal form of some lichens or fungi that gives the appearance of a different species.


tholus

From Latin tholus (“dome, rotunda”). Doublet of tholos.

(lichenology) Part of the apical structure of the asci of some lichen species.


sorus

From New Latin sōrus, from Ancient Greek σωρός (sōrós, “heap”).

(mycology, lichenology) Any reproductive structure, in some lichens and fungi, that produces spores.

itiöpesäkeryhmä

mycology, lichenology: Any reproductive structure that produces spores


scutellum

Borrowed from New Latin scūtellum, diminutive of Latin scūtum (“shield”).

Any of several shield-shaped structures in insects, grasses etc

(lichenology) A rounded apothecium having an elevated rim formed of the proper thallus, the fructification of certain lichens.


leprose

en-adj

leprose (comparative more leprose, superlative most leprose)

more leprose (comparative)
most leprose (superlative)

From New Latin leprōsus in botany especially as used by Linnaeus in his 1753 Species Plantarum and Late Latin leprōsus in medicine, from lepra (“psoriasis, leprosy”) + -ōsus, from Koine Greek λέπρᾱ (léprā, “psoriasis & similar skin diseases”), from Ancient Greek λεπρός (leprós, “scaly”), from either λεπίς (lepís, “scale”) or λέπος (lépos, “husk, scale”) + -ρος (-ros, “forming adjective”).

der

A small section of the genus, including T. Usneoides of the United States, presents a filiform and diffusely dichotomous stem with alternate and filiform leprose leaves.

1818, Thomas Nuttall, Genera of North American Plants..., volume I, page 208:

(botany) Synonym of scaly or lepidote, particularly describing lichens with a granular or powdery thallus.


mycobiont

(lichenology) The fungus that is a component of a lichen


lichenology

You start out pulling a few weeds, and the next thing you know you're studying for finals in lichenology.

1995 November 3, Jerry Sullivan, “Field & Street”, in Chicago Reader:

Now lichenology has a photo-illustrated guide that should not be overlooked--the long-awaited Lichens of North America.

2001 December 21, Paula T. DePriest, “ECOLOGY: Splendor of Humble Symbionts”, in Science, volume 294, number 5551, →DOI, pages 2485–2486:


basidiolichen

(lichenology) Any lichen in which the fungus is a member of the Basidiomycota


crustose

Borrowed from Latin crustōsus (“with a hard crust”).

Fruticose lichens drape and tuft; crustose and squamulose lichens creep and seep; foliose lichens layer and flake.

2020, Merlin Sheldrake, Entangled Life, page 84:

(lichenology) Of a lichen, growing tightly appressed to the substrate.


trica

Borrowed from New Latin trica, coined by Erik Acharius in his 1803 work Methodus qua omnes detectos Lichenes. Perhaps connected to Latin trīcae, although the semantic relationship is unclear.

(lichenology, obsolete, rare) An apothecium in certain lichens, having a spherical surface marked with spiral or concentric ridges and furrows.


scyphus

Borrowed from Latin scyphus (“cup”), from Ancient Greek σκῠ́φος (skŭ́phos).

(lichenology) A cup-shaped stem or podetium in lichens.


gonidium

(lichenology, phycology) A photosynthetic algal cell in the thallus of a lichen; a similar asexual reproductive cell in some algae.


gonimium

From New Latin gonimium, possibly from Ancient Greek γόνιμος (gónimos, “productive”).

(lichenology) One of the bluish-green granules that replace the more usual gonidia in certain lichens.


pseudocyphella

(lichenology) A structure in lichens that appears as a tiny pore on the outer surface, caused when there is a break in the cortex of the lichen and the medullary hyphae extend to the surface.


gonimous

(lichenology, archaic) Pertaining to, or containing, gonidia or gonimia, as that part of a lichen which contains the green or chlorophyll-bearing cells.


rhizine

(botany, lichenology) A rootlike filament or hair growing from the stems of mosses or on lichens; a rhizoid


lirelliform

en-adj

lirelliform (comparative more lirelliform, superlative most lirelliform)

more lirelliform (comparative)
most lirelliform (superlative)


spermogonium

(lichenology) A conceptacle of certain lichens, containing spermatia.


podetium

From New Latin podetium, from Ancient Greek πούς (poús, “foot”).

(lichenology) A stalk which bears the fructification in some lichens, such as the reindeer moss.


exciple

(lichenology, mycology) The outer part of an apothecium of those ascomycete fungi which have that sort of fructification. Most lichens come into that category.


apothecial

(lichenology) Relating to the apothecium.


isidium

According to OED, from a genus name Isidium (Acharius 1798), itself from the goddess Isis.

(lichenology) A vegetative reproductive structure present in some lichens; an outgrowth of the thallus surface, usually with a columnar structure, and consisting of both fungal hyphae and algal cells.


lichenize

en-verb

lichenize (third-person singular simple present lichenizes, present participle lichenizing, simple past and past participle lichenized)

lichenizes (present singular third-person)
lichenizing (participle present)
lichenized (participle past)
lichenized (past)

They found that the same species of mycobiont could lichenize different species of alga , resulting in essentially identical lichens.

2023, Lorentz C. Pearson, The Diversity and Evolution of Plants, page 213:


lichenization

en-noun

lichenization (usually uncountable, plural lichenizations)

(lichenology) The process by which a fungus becomes a mycobiont of a lichen.


spermagonium

(lichenology) Alternative spelling of spermogonium


pertusariaceous

From translingual Pertusariaceae + -ous.

(lichenology, relational) Of or relating to the Pertusariaceae.


gyalectaceous

(lichenology, relational) Of or relating to the Gyalectaceae.


parmeliaceous

(lichenology) Belonging to the family Parmeliaceae of lichens.


graphidaceous

(lichenology, relational) Of or relating to the Graphidaceae.


stereocaulaceous

From translingual Stereocaulaceae + -ous.

(lichenology, relational) Of or relating to the Stereocaulaceae.


effigurate

Borrowed from New Latin effiguratus; compare figurate (figuratus).

Thallus thin, whitish to somewhat greyish, continuous, occasionally minutely rimulose, margin somewhat darkened and determinate but not clearly effigurate;

1948, A. Grenfell Price, The winning of Australian Antarctica. Mawson's B.A.N.Z.A.R.E. voyages: 1929-31: based on the Mawson papers, page 105:

Thallus about 1 cm. in diameter, light gray irregular areoles 0:30,4 mm. in diameter on a black hypothallus, giving a deciussate appearance, marginal areoles slightly radially elongate and very narrowly black margined but not clearly effigurate;

1965, Nova Hedwigia, volumes 15-16, page 326:

(botany, lichenology) Having a definite (lobed) shape; not effuse.


leptose

(lichenology) Of a lichen: having a powdery appearance.


blister lichen

From blister + lichen, from their appearance.

(lichenology) Any lichen in the genus Toninia.


porphyrilic acid

(lichenology, organic chemistry) A carboxylic acid derived from a lichen containing two benzofuran units with IUPAC name 4,10-dihydroxy-8-methyl-3-oxo-1H-[2]benzofuro[5,4-b][1]benzofuran-7-carboxylic acid.


blastesis

From Ancient Greek βλάστησις (blástēsis, “germination”). Coined by Friedrich Becke in 1903.

der

(lichenology) Reproduction of a lichen thallus using gonidia.


isoarthothelin

(lichenology) A chemical xanthone compound derived from lichens with IUPAC name 2,4,7-trichloro-3,6-dihydroxy-1-methylxanthen-9-one.


subeffigurate

(lichenology) Having a slightly definite lobed shape.


dichloronorlichexanthone

From di- + chloro- + nor- + lichexanthone.

(organic chemistry, lichenology) A two chlorine derivative of norlichexanthone, (IUPAC name n,m-dichloro-1,3,6-trihydroxy-8-methylxanthen-9-one) (chlorine atoms can be in position n and m of 2,4,5, or 7 depending on the isomer)


involucrellum

(lichenology) An upper covering layer of a lichen.


goniocyst

Coined by J. M. Norman in 1871 in "Fuligines lichenosae eller Moriolei". Bot. Notiser 1871: 9-20. From gonio- + cyst.

(lichenology) A lichen thallus containing clusters of algae embedded in an envelope of fungal hyphae.


paraplectenchymatous

(lichenology) Having a cellular structure superficially like parenchyma of vascular plants with hyphae going in all directions.


pinastric acid

(organic chemistry, lichenology) A chemical found in some lichens with IUPAC name methyl (2E)-2-[3-hydroxy-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxofuran-2-ylidene]-2-phenylacetate.


lecidiene

(lichenology) Lacking a margin around the thallus, or having a margin made of the excipulum itself (of the apothecium)


apotheciate

(lichenology) Consisting of an apothecium.


microphyllinic acid

(biochemistry, lichenology) A lichen-derived chemical compound with IUPAC name 2-hydroxy-4-[2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-(2-oxoheptyl)benzoyl]oxy-6-(2-oxoheptyl)benzoic acid.


chiodectonic acid

(biochemistry, lichenology) A red dye derived from a lichen with IUPAC name 2-acetyl-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-7-methoxybenzo[f][1]benzofuran-4,9-dione.


methylnorhomosekikaic acid

From methyl- + nor- + homo- + sekikaic acid.

(lichenology, organic chemistry) (normally 4'-O-methylnorhomosekikaic acid) A depside carboxylic acid with IUPAC name 3-((2,4-dihydroxy-6-propylbenzoyl)oxy)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-pentylbenzoic acid


olivetoric acid

(lichenology, biochemistry) A lichen derived organic acid with is a condensation of olivetolic acid with another similar acid. It has IUPAC name: 4-[2,4-dihydroxy-6-(2-oxoheptyl)benzoyl]oxy-2-hydroxy-6-pentylbenzoic acid


arenastatin

(organic chemistry, lichenology) One of a family of peptolides produced by cyanobacteria in lichens with IUPAC name (3S,10R,13Z,16S)-10-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(2-methylpropyl)-16-[(1S)-1-[(2R,3R)-3-phenyloxiran-2-yl]ethyl]-1,4-dioxa-8,11-diazacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,5,9,12-tetrone.


isidiiferous

en-adj

isidiiferous (comparative more isidiiferous, superlative most isidiiferous)

more isidiiferous (comparative)
most isidiiferous (superlative)

Apothecia sessile or slightly elevated, mostly in the centre; disc at first concave, afterwards nearly plane, dark chestnut-coloured, surrounded by a naked or isidiiferous, indexed, thallodal margin; asci elongato-subventricose, 8 spored; spores elliptical, unilocular, hyaline; .002 in. long, by .00125 in. broad.

1861, William Mudd, A Manual of British Lichens, […], Darlington, Durham: Harrison Penney, page 99:

(lichenology) Bearing an isidium or isidia (a vegetative reproductive structure present in some lichens).