Abderite

From Latin Abderita, Abderites, from Ancient Greek Ἀβδηρίτης (Abdērítēs).

To that end they entered the borders of the Abderites in another part of Thrace, and wasted and spoiled the country […]

1814, Diodorus, chapter 4, in G. Booth, transl., The Historical Library of Diodorus the Sicilian, volume 2, translation of original in Ancient Greek, page 27

An inhabitant or native of Abdera, in Thrace.


Abderian

From Abdera (“a town in Thrace”) + -ian.

He regrets that his lines had not fallen in the pleasant places of the past — among the intelligent Abderians of whom it is said, when Hippocrates came to their city to cure Democritus of his madness, not only the men, but also the women and children […] went forth to meet him.

1872, Stephen Smith, Doctor in Medicine: and Other Papers on Professional Subjects


bug-eyed monster

en-noun

bug-eyed monster (plural bug-eyed monsters)

(science fiction, derogatory) An extraterrestrial.


abduction

abduction (countable and uncountable, plural abductions)

From Latin abductiō (“robbing; abduction”), from abdūcō (“take or lead away”), from ab (“away”) + dūcō (“to lead”). Equivalent to abduct + -ion.
* (physiology): From French, from Latin abductus.
* Compare French abduction.

But fear of abduction never stopped a good ufologist.

2010, Monte Dwyer, Red in the Centre: Through a Crooked Lens, Monyer Pty Ltd, page 122


Abyssinian

Our men are frightened of these Abyssinian women.

2019, Maaza Mengiste, The Shadow King, Canongate Books (2020), page 335

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

(dated, usually capitalized) Of or pertaining to Ethiopia or its inhabitants; Ethiopian.


Abyssinian

A short-haired domestic cat descended from cats of ancient Egypt making it one of the oldest breeds in the world; Abyssinian cat.


Abyssinian

Abyssinian gold

an alloy of 90.74 parts of copper and 8.33 parts of zinc


Polish

Vinokur pulled the trigger a second and third time. "You're lying, you Polish cunt!" he screamed.

2007, Elazar Barkan, Elizabeth A. Cole, Kai Struve, Shared History, Divided Memory, page 287

As we mentioned the only chemical used in Polish meats or sausages was potassium nitrate even though the list of food additives allowed in Europe was long and impressive.

2009, Stanley Marianski, Adam Marianski, Miroslaw Gebarowski, Polish Sausages: Authentic Recipes and Instructions, page 13

Of, from or native to Poland, or relating to the Polish language.

pollanda

relating to inhabitants of Poland; citizens

პოლონური

relating to everything except the people


Mexican

From Spanish mexicano, from Nahuatl mēxihcah plural of mēxihcatl (“a Mexica”) + -ano (“-an”).

"You see, I never learned to speak Spanish, but speak Mexican fluently," he says disarmingly.

1970, Stan Steiner, La raza: the Mexican Americans, page 224

You really scare me when you speak Mexican.

1998, Richard Montoya, Ricardo Salinas, Herbert Siguenza, Culture Clash: Life, Death, and Revolutionary Comedy, page 23

I didn't speak much Mexican, but I savvied a lot more than I could speak and picked the word banditos out of their conversation.

2000, Ben K. Green, The Village Horse Doctor: West of the Pecos, page 87

DON COLLIER: Hey, you want to talk Mexican, join another tank, a Mexican tank.

2014, David Ayer, Fury, Columbia Pictures

Fox News issued an apology on Sunday for an on-screen graphic that mistakenly indicated President Donald Trump was reducing aid to "three Mexican countries."

2019, Claire Atkinson, “Fox News apologizes for graphic about '3 Mexican countries'”, in NBC News

What kind of Mexican are you?

(US, slang, offensive) A person from, or of descent from, any Spanish-speaking country.

(Australia, slang, chiefly New South Wales, Queensland) A Victorian (a person from the state of Victoria).

(Australia, slang, Queensland) A person from either of the southern states of New South Wales and Victoria.

I'm hungry, want to go out for Mexican?

(uncountable) Mexican or Mexican-derived cuisine; whether traditional Mexican food or Tex-Mex, etc.


alien

From Middle English alien, a borrowing from Old French alien, aliene, from Latin aliēnus (“belonging to someone else”, later “exotic, foreign”), from Latin alius (“other”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos. Related to English else.

der

An animated film intended to inform travellers about the dangers that alien species present to Arctic ecosystems is being released today. The message is that it is important to ensure that nobody accidentally brings alien species with them as stowaways in their clothing, baggage or equipment.

2023 March 21 (last accessed), NOBANIS: European Network on Invasive Species

A person, animal, plant, or other thing which is from outside the family, group, organization, or territory under consideration.

You might not have much use for me. You spend too much time with the damn aliens, pretending your time in the gangs back on Earth never happened. I know you weren't happy when I found you at the Citadel a couple years back.
But I'm glad you're on this. I hope you find whoever took my people on Freedom's Progress and kick their scaly asses. I'm glad it's a human finding these bastards.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Hello from the Reds

Any life form of extraterrestrial or extradimensional origin.


alien

en-adj

alien (comparative more alien, superlative most alien)

more alien (comparative)
most alien (superlative)

alien subjects, enemies, property, or shores

Not belonging to the same country, land, or government, or to the citizens or subjects thereof; foreign.


Irish

From Middle English Irish (12th c.), from Old English *Īrisċ, from Old English Īras (“Irishmen”), from Old Norse Írar, from Old Irish Ériu (modern Irish Éire (“Ireland”)), further origin heavily debated but probably from Proto-Celtic *Φīweriyū (“fat land, fertile”), from Proto-Indo-European *péyh₂wr̥ (“fat, swelling”), from *peyh₂- (“to swell; to be fat”), akin to Ancient Greek πίειρα (píeira, “fertile land”), Sanskrit पीवरी (pīvarī, “fat”).

cog

A female given name of chiefly Philippine usage.


UFO

→ Czech: UFO

→ Dutch: ufo

→ Estonian: UFO

→ Finnish: UFO, ufo

→ German: UFO, Ufo

→ Greek: ούφο (oúfo)

→ Italian: UFO, ufo

→ Japanese: UFO (yūfō)

→ Norwegian: ufo

→ Portuguese: UFO, ufo

→ Swedish: ufo, UFO

After the case had been reported in the newspapers, Mrs. Gracindo de Souza, wife of a member of the local stock exchange, told police that she and her daughter had been driving down Alameda Sao Boaventura when they had seen an UFO hovering over the clearing where the bodies were later discovered.

1967, Brad Steiger, Joan Whritenour, “Someone Up There May Not Like Us”, in Flying Saucers Are Hostile, Tandem Publishing, published 1975, →OCLC, page 13

To my way of thinking, there is every bit as much evidence for the existence of UFOs as there is for the existence of God. Probably far more. At least in the case of UFOs there have been countless taped and filmed—and, by the way, unexplained—sightings from all over the world, along with documented radar evidence seen by experienced military and civilian radar operators.

2004, George Carlin, “THEY CAME FROM OUT OF THE SKY”, in When Will Jesus Bring the Pork Chops?, New York: Hyperion Books, →OCLC, →OL, page 12

unidentified flying object
unidentified flying object#English

Initialism of unidentified flying object; (loosely) an alien spacecraft.

未確認飛行物体

みかくにんひこうぶったい


Algerian

/ælˈd͡ʒɪɹi.ən/

A person from Algeria or of Algerian descent.


Algerian

en-adj

Algerian (comparative more Algerian, superlative most Algerian)

more Algerian (comparative)
most Algerian (superlative)

/ælˈd͡ʒɪɹi.ən/

Of, from, or pertaining to Algeria or the Algerian people.


Brazilian

A person from Brazil or of Brazilian descent.


Albanian

From Middle French Albanien, from Old French Albanie (“Albania”), from Medieval Latin Albania, from Vulgar Latin Albanus (“Albanian”), from Ancient Greek Ἀλβανοί (Albanoí, “a southern Illyrian tribe”). Compare old Albanian endonym arbën, arbër (“Albanian”).

der

A person from Albania or of Albanian descent.


Albanian

Caucasian Albanian
Caucasian Albanian#English


Albanian

en-noun

Albanian (countable and uncountable, plural Albanians)


Dutch

→ Hindi: डच (ḍac)

PIE word
 *tewtéh₂
Derived from Middle English Duch (“German, Low German, Dutch”), from Middle Low German dütsch, düdesch (“German, Low German, Dutch”) and Middle Dutch dūtsch, duutsc (“German, Low German, Dutch”), from Proto-West Germanic *þiudisk, from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz (“of one’s people”), derived from *þeudō (“people”), from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂. Doublet of Deutsch and Doitsu.
Compare Middle English thedisch (“native, endemic”) from Old English þēodisċ (“of one’s people”), Old Saxon thiudisk (German Low German düütsch (“German”)), Old High German diutisc (modern German deutsch (“German”)), modern Dutch Duits (“German”) alongside elevated Diets (“Dutch”) (a secondary distinction, fully accepted only in the 19th century). See also Derrick, Teuton, Teutonic.
The pejorative senses (Dutch courage, Dutch wife, Dutch uncle, etc.) are said to stem from the Anglo-Dutch Wars and the accompanying rivalry.

cog

A male given name, more often given as a nickname to someone of Dutch or German ancestry than as an official given name


Afghan

/ˈæf(ˌ)ɡɑːn/

Borrowed from Classical Persian افغان (afğān, “Afghan”), from Bactrian αβαγανο (abagano), first attested in the fourth century CE, most likely a compound of *apāka- (“distant, faraway”), from Proto-Iranian *Hapá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hapá (“away”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó + *-āna (“ethnic group”), from Proto-Indo-European *-nós, thus: "people from a distant land". Various scholars have proposed Sanskrit etymologies since the nineteenth century (especially prior to the 2007 publication of earlier Bactrian attestations for the word), but linguist Johnny Cheung notes that these are "extremely difficult to reconcile" with recent evidence pointing to a Bactrian source.


Flemish

en-adj

Flemish (comparative more Flemish, superlative most Flemish)

more Flemish (comparative)
most Flemish (superlative)

From Middle English flemmysshe, from Old English flēmisc, from Old Frisian flāmisk, derived from Proto-Germanic *flaumaz (“flowing, current water”) and *-iskaz. Equivalent to English fleam + -ish. More at Flanders.

der

Of or relating to Flanders, either as the historical county of Flanders (the current provinces of West Flanders and East Flanders in Belgium, Zeelandic Flanders in the Netherlands and French Flanders); or as the Dutch-speaking region of Belgium.


Catalan

From Middle English Catalane, from French Catalan, from Spanish catalán, from Catalan Catalunya.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:Catalan.

The Romance language of Catalonia, an autonomous region in the northeast of Spain, also spoken in the Valencian autonomous region (where the language is officially named valencià), the Balearic Islands, Andorra, Roussillon in France, and the Sardinian city of Alghero.

కాటలాన్ భాషా

kāṭalān bhāṣā


Saxon

→ Korean: 색슨 (saekseun)

→ Welsh: Sacson

Partially from Middle English Saxe, Sax; from Old English *Seaxa (attested in plural Seaxan), and Saxoun, from Old French *Saxoun, Saxon (“Saxon”), from Late Latin Saxonem, accusative of Saxo (“a Saxon”), both from Proto-West Germanic *sahs, from Proto-Germanic *sahsą (“rock, knife”), from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”).
Cognates:
Cognate with Middle Low German sasse (“someone speaking Saxon, i.e. (Middle) Low German”), Old English Seaxa (“a Saxon”), Old High German Sahso (“a Saxon”), Icelandic Saxi (“a Saxon”), Estonian saks (“lord; German”), Finnish Saksa (“Germany”). Also cognate to Old English seax (“a knife, hip-knife, an instrument for cutting, a short sword, dirk, dagger”); more at sax.

cog

Kenett states that the military works still known by the name of Tadmarten Camp and Hook-Norton Barrow were cast up at this time ; the former, large and round, is judged to be a fortification of the Danes, and the latter, being smaller and rather a quinquangle than a square, of the Saxons.

1881, John Kirby Hedges, The history of Wallingford, volume 1, page 170

A member of an ancient West Germanic tribe that lived at the eastern North Sea coast and south of it.


Saxon

census-designated place
census-designated place

Spartanburg County
Spartanburg County#English

A census-designated place in Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States.

An unincorporated community in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States.

A town and census-designated place therein, in Iron County, Wisconsin, United States.

A municipality in Martigny district, Valais canton, Switzerland.


Indian

From Anglo-Norman indien, Middle French indien, corresponding to Ind + -ian. Applied to inhabitants of the Americas due to an early misconception that the Americas were the eastern end of Asia / the Indies (hence also the designation of Caribbean islands as the West Indies).

With savage desperation the Indian lunged his horse straight at Hopalong and, knife in hand, leaped for him!

1951, Louis L'Amour, Rustlers of West Fork

An American Indian, a member of one of the indigenous peoples of the Americas (generally excluding the Aleut, Inuit, Metis, or Yupik).

Indiaan

individual of, or related to, the aboriginal people of the Americas


Frisian

From Middle English Frisoun, taken from Old French frison (“a Frisian”), itself derived from Latin Frīsiī (“Frisians”). Displaced native Old English Frīsa (“a Frisian”); see the plural Frīsan for more.

In the province of Friesland, in the north of the Netherlands, a high percentage of the population, about 350000, speak Frisian as their first language.

1998, Colin Baker, Sylvia Prys Jones, Encyclopedia of bilingualism and bilingual education, page 405

This means that full competence in both Frisian and Dutch (ie understanding, speaking, reading and writing ability) is aimed at all pupils in the province, whether they speak Frisian or Dutch at home.

2000, Jasone Cenoz, Ulrike Jessner, English in Europe: the acquisition of a third language, page 223

Many Frisians speak Frisian at home and Dutch at work.

2005, Pat Seward, Sunandini Arora Lal, Netherlands, page 89

A Germanic language group or language (see Usage notes), or a lect thereof, which descended from Old Frisian, with speakers in the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark.

(specifically) The West Frisian (or Western Frisian) lect, spoken in the northern Netherlands.

(specifically) Saterland Frisian, the last surviving dialect of the East Frisian lect, spoken in Northern Germany close to the Dutch border.

(specifically) The North Frisian lect, spoken in northwestern Schleswig-Holstein in Germany.


Frisian

A member of the Germanic ethnic group which is native to the region of Frisia (which is in the Netherlands, northern Germany, and southern Denmark).

ֆրիզ

member of the Germanic ethnic group which is native to Frisia


Finnish

The Finno-Ugric language spoken by the majority of the people living in Finland, one of the two official languages of the country (the other is Swedish).

a variety of Finnish spoken in Northern Sweden

a variety of Finnish spoken in Northern Norway


Slovak

From Slovak Slovák (“Slovak”), from a shortening of Proto-Slavic *slověninъ (“Slav”) + -ák. Related to Slovene.

Of, from, or pertaining to Slovakia, the Slovak people or the Slovak language.


Slovak

en-noun

Slovak (countable and uncountable, plural Slovaks)

(countable) A person from Slovakia or of Slovak descent.

(uncountable) The Slavic language of Slovakia.


banana bender

“Not now, you banana bender! The Commencement Speech takes place at the dinner tonight.”
“Banana bender! I'm not from Queenland, I'll ‘ave you know. And I needs to test out the mike in advance. Always have trouble with those things.”

2003, Rosemary Patterson, Journey Great Barrier Reef: An Adventure Novel Set in Australia, page 17

If Billy Lane hadn't given him such a firm handshake, Henry reckons he'd be wondering if all the Banana-benders shook like a girl.

2007, Pip Wilson, Faces in the Street: Louisa and Henry Lawson and the Castlereagh Street Push, page 137

In comparison with other Australians, they were considered an odder sort of people – the banana-benders of Banana-land – a heat-stroked and skin-cancered people, dogged, ‘unimaginably tough and undeniably brittle’.

2007, Raymond Evans, A History of Queensland, page 219

Terry nodded. “Yes, you don't have too many cars to contend with here, and we banana benders are rather courteous, especially once we realize you're a tourist. Just be careful on the curves, especially where the road goes along the bluffs.”

2011, Reynold Conger, Chased Across Australia, page 180

(Australia, humorous) An inhabitant of Queensland.


Territorian

/ˌtɛɹɪˈtɔːɹi.ən/

Territorians also could elect a representative to Federal Parliament (a right granted in 1923).

1967, Brian Hodge, Allen Whitehurst, Nation and People: An Introduction to Australia in a Changing World, page 258

1998 December, Minister for Health, Family and Community Services, Northern Territory Legislative Assembly, speech, quoted in 2008, Tess Lea, Bureaucrats and Bleeding Hearts: Indigenous Health in Northern Australia, page 25,
Put simply, Aboriginal Territorians have drastically poorer health across virtually all causes of disease. Life expectancy at birth for indigenous men in the Northern Territory is 57 years compared to 77 years for other male Territorians.

One of the ways he did this was by attending meetings of the Northern Territory Legislative Councul, the wind instrument created by the Chifley Labor Government in 1947 to give Territorians the illusion that they had democratic rights.

2011, Stephen Gray, The Protectors: A Journey Through Whitefella Past, ReadHowYouWant, page 138

(demonym) An inhabitant of the Northern Territory.


Taswegian

Blend of Tasmanian + Glaswegian. Royal Australian Navy slang from about 1930. Possibly a reference to the cold climate of Tasmania, comparing it to the cold climate of Glasgow.

(Australia, navy, slang) A Tasmanian seaman.


Icelandic

Although it's hard for us to imagine, they see the pixels in a raw, uninterpreted fashion, and thus to them a TV screen is as drained of long-ago-and-far-away meaning as is, to you or me, a pile of fall leaves, a Jackson Pollock painting, or a newspaper article in Malagasy (my apologies to you if you speak Malagasy; in that case, please replace it by Icelandic — and don't tell me that you speak that language, too!).

2007, Douglas Hofstadter, I Am a Strange Loop

A North Germanic language, the national tongue of Iceland.


Welsh

From Middle English Walsch, Welische, from Old English wīelisċ (“Briton; Roman; Celt”), from Proto-West Germanic *walhisk, from Proto-Germanic *walhiskaz (“Celt; later Roman”), from *walhaz (“Celt, Roman”) (compare Old English wealh), from the name of the Gaulish tribe, the Volcae (recorded only in Latin contexts).
This word was borrowed from Germanic into Slavic (compare Old Church Slavonic Влахъ (Vlaxŭ, “Vlachs, Romanians”), Byzantine Greek Βλάχος (Blákhos)).
Doublet of Vellish. Compare Walloon, walnut, Vlach, Walach, Gaul, Cornwall.

cog

en:of or pertaining to Wales, a country within the UK


Welsh

en-noun

Welsh (countable and uncountable, plural Welsh)

9 minutes to 2. We just stopped to have our horses' mouths washed, and there all people spoke welsh.

1832, Queen Victoria, journal, 6 Aug 1832


Welsh

An English and Scottish surname transferred from the nickname for someone who was a Welshman or a Celt.

A town in Louisiana, United States, named for early landowner Henry Welsh.

An unincorporated community in Ohio, United States, named for an early settler.


Slovene

From German Slowene, from Slovene Slovenec. Related to Slovak.

Of or pertaining to Slovenia, the Slovenes or the Slovene language.


Spaniard

From Middle English Spaignarde, from Old French Espaignard, from Espaigne. Equivalent to Spain + -ard.

A person from Spain or of Spanish descent.


Italian

Italian (countable and uncountable, plural Italians)

From Middle English Italian, from Medieval Latin Italiānus, from Latin Italia (“Italy”).

As Di Matteo celebrated and captain John Terry raised the trophy for the fourth time, the Italian increased his claims to become the permanent successor to Andre Villas-Boas by landing a trophy.

2012 May 5, Phil McNulty, “Chelsea 2-1 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport

(countable) An inhabitant of Italy, or a person of Italian descent.

(uncountable) The official language of Italy, also spoken in San Marino, the Vatican, and parts of Argentina, Slovenia and Switzerland.

(uncountable, textiles) Short for Italian cloth, a type of linen or cotton cloth with satin finish used primarily for linings.

Italian cloth

gin and Italian

So the English women would have been interested in American drinks, and in came the gin-and-Italian, for example.

1971, John Doxat, The World of Drinks and Drinking, page 102

Italian vermouth
Italian vermouth#English

(uncountable) Short for Italian vermouth, a dark-colored sweet or mildly bitter vermouth.

Italian vermouth

Italian sandwich
Italian sandwich#English

(countable, Maine) Short for Italian sandwich.


German

/ˈd͡ʒɜː.mən/

From Latin Germānus, Germānī (“the peoples of Germānia”), as distinct from Gauls (in the writings of Caesar and Tacitus), and of uncertain ultimate origin (possibly Celtic/Gaulish).
Not related to german (“closely related”) or germane (from the Latin adjective germānus, through Old French).
Attested since at least 1520. Replaced the older terms Almain and Dutch (from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz) in English. Besides cognates of German, Almain, and Dutch, two other categories of words for the Germans in other languages are cognates of Saxon and descendants of Proto-Slavic *němьcь; see those entries for more.
The surname is generally from the noun, though sometimes confused with Herman, Hermann under Russian influence. As a German surname, Americanized from Germann. Compare Germán, Germain, Jerman.

A number of townships in the United States, listed under German Township.


Danish

Borrowed from Persian دانش (literally “knowledge, science, wisdom”).


Swedish

en-proper noun

Swedish (countable and uncountable, plural Swedishes)

From Swede + -ish. Cognate with Dutch Zweeds, German Schwedisch.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:Swedish.

The language of Sweden and Åland (an autonomous part of Finland). Swedish is also one of the two official languages of Finland, spoken by 6% of the citizens. A very small minority in Estonia has Swedish as their mother tongue.


Hungarian

/hʌŋˈɡɛə.ɹi.ən/

Of, from, or pertaining to present-day Hungary, the ethnic Hungarian people or the Hungarian language.

Of, from, or pertaining to the Kingdom of Hungary, during the days of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, regardless of ethnicity.


Hungarian

en-noun

Hungarian (countable and uncountable, plural Hungarians)

/hʌŋˈɡɛə.ɹi.ən/

Wiktionary’s coverage of Hungarian terms

A person from the former Kingdom of Hungary, during the Austro-Hungarian Empire, regardless of that person's ethnicity.


Turkish

Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

The official language of Turkey, Republic of Cyprus (alongside Greek) and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

Turks

official language of Turkey, Republic of Cyprus and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

This dictionary for Chaghatay Turkish (although it also contains much material for what the author calls 'Rūmī', i.e. south-western Turkish, above all, Ottoman) is the Sanglakh of an obscure eighteenth-century compiler

2001, C. Edmund Bosworth, editor, A Century of British Orientalists, 1902-2001, page 97

M.A. Òerbak considers Chaghatay Turkish a period of Uzbek.

2003, Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu, Culture and Learning in Islam, page 256

[...] these works include stories of the battles the Turks fought against the Chinese, a variety of legends, and numerous specimens of verse (found mostly in Chinese translation) written in Uyghur Turkish.

2011, Talat S. Halman, Jayne L. Warner, A Millennium of Turkish Literature, page 6

And my uncle always shouted: “Uzbek Turkish is very close to our Turkish language!”

It was Navai who through his poetry almost single-handedly turned his native Chaghatay Turkish into a literary language.

2022, Dominic Lieven, In the Shadow of the Gods: The Emperor in World History


Turkish

When a question was asked, would put on a mysterious look. Shake his head. Smoke in silence. Observe, at length, he had doubts. Presided at the council, in state. Swayed a Turkish pipe instead of a scepter. Known to sit with eyes closed ...[…]

1896, Alonzo Reed, Brainerd Kellogg, Higher Lessons in English: A work on English Grammar and composition, 1st edition, Outlook Verlag GmbH, published 2023, page 557

Of, from, or pertaining to Turkey, the Turkish people or the Turkish language.

Turks

of, from or pertaining to Turkey, the Turkish people or the Turkish language

[...] in Mongolian and some Turkish languages

1962, Gerard Clauson, Turkish and Mongolian Studies, page 37

Old Turkish began with the separation, formation and consolidation of the independent Turkish languages.

1982, András Róna-Tas, Chuvash Studies, page 119

This is openly a characteristics of Chaghatay and other Eastern Turkish languages and dialects.

2007, László Károly, Turcology in Turkey: selected papers, page 458

In the Timurid empire, the Chaghatay Turkish language, which became the standard of the Timurid court, was part of the eastern branch of Turkic languages.

2019, Pamela Kyle Crossley, Hammer and Anvil


Korean

(countable) A native or resident in North Korea or South Korea, or a person of Korean descent.


Spanish

From Middle English Spainish, Spanish, equivalent to Spain + -ish.

Fundamentally, the Spanish vowel sounds are only five, even though as a matter of fact there may be different other sounds for such vowels as [a], [e] and [o].

1918, Julián Moreno-Lacalle, Elements of Spanish Pronunciation, page 12

Of or pertaining to the Spanish language.

Spaans

of or pertaining to the Spanish language


Spanish

en-proper noun

Spanish (countable and uncountable, plural Spanishes)

If he speaks Spanish, my daughter can converse with him ; she has but shortly arrived from Spain.

1873, Frederick Marryat, Mr. Midshipman Easy, page 163

Therefore in Novial, as well as in Esp-Ido, we simplify the spelling in all words containing double letters in the national languages, from which the words are taken: pasa (E pass, F passer), efekte, komun (F commun, E common), etc. In this we follow the beautiful example of Spanish, which writes pasar, efecto, común, etc., and even extend it to cases in which Spanish makes a distinction in sound and spelling, as with ll and rr: bel S bello, F belle, koresponda, S corresponder, etc.

1928, Otto Jespersen, An International Language, page 48

In contrast with the creole languages discussed above, the article systems of Rumanian, French, Spanish, and Portuguese are more complex, since neutralization fails to occur to a large extent.

1995, Hanna Pishwa, Karl Maroldt, editors, The Development of Morphological Systematicity, page 146

For quotations using this term, see Citations:Spanish.

(uncountable) A Romance language primarily spoken in Spain and in the Americas.

Spaans

Romance language of Spain and the Americas


Spanish

en-noun

Spanish (countable and uncountable, plural Spanish or Spanishes)

The Spanish are not the only ones selling their goods along the wharves and the inner streets.

1976, Robert Rézette, The Spanish Enclaves in Morocco, page 62

(collective plural) People of Spain, collectively.

Sixty-four percent more Spanish are functionally illiterate compared to Anglos in Lubbock (only 15 percent more of nonwhites than Anglos).

1970, Henry Sioux Johnson, William J. Hernández-Martinez, Educating the Mexican American, page 87

(US, informal, nonstandard, collective in the plural) People of Hispanic origin; one whose first language is Spanish.


Englishman

/ˈɪŋ.ɡlɪʃ.mən/

From Middle English Englishman, Inglishman, from Old English Englisċman, Englisċmon, corresponding to English + -man. Compare Old Norse Englismaðr (“Englishman”).

Fucking above your head Englishman!

2008, Christopher-Lee dos Santos, At thy Call, Dino Pappas and Ksenija Micic

(South Africa, dated, ethnic slur) A South African of British descent, and/or whose first language is English (as opposed to Afrikaans-speaking Afrikaner South Africans).


Portuguese

en-adj

Portuguese (comparative more Portuguese, superlative most Portuguese)

more Portuguese (comparative)
most Portuguese (superlative)

/ˌpɔː.t͡ʃəˈɡiːz/

Portugees

of or relating to the people of Portugal

The latter feature indicates that a Portuguese consonant cannot constitute the nucleus of a syllable.

1981, Milton Mariano Azevedo, A Contrastive Phonology of Portuguese and English, page 31

Of or pertaining to the Portuguese language.

Portugees

of or relating to the Portuguese language


Hawaiian

en-noun

Hawaiian (countable and uncountable, plural Hawaiians)

United States of America
United States of America

(countable, nonstandard, proscribed) A native or resident of the state of Hawaii in the United States of America.


Japanese

/ˌd͡ʒæpəˈniːz/

From Japan + -ese after the model of earlier Portuguese japonês, New Latin japonensis, French japonais, etc.

I’ve been studying Japanese for three years, and I still can’t order pizza in Tokyo!

A language that is primarily spoken in East Asia and is the official language of Japan.

जापानी भाषा

jāpānī bhāṣā


Greek

en-proper noun

Greek (countable and uncountable, plural Greeks)

Greece
Greek language
Greek people
Griko
Names of the Greeks
Wikipedia

From Old English Grēcas (“Greeks”), variant of Crēcas, from Proto-West Germanic *Krēkō, from Latin Graecus of uncertain origin, perhaps derived from the toponym Γραῖα (Graîa) or from other Paleo-Balkanic forms from a tribal name Graii. See also the Wikipedia articles on "Griko" and "Names of the Greeks". Greek in any case has the cognate Γραικός (Graikós), the mythological ancestor of the Γραίοι (Graíoi, “Graecians”). Germanic cognates include Dutch Griek, German Grieche. The ⟨g⟩ in English and Germanic cognates was restored under influence from French grec and classical Latin Graecus. The adjective dates to 14th-century Middle English, replacing Old English Grēċisċ (“Greekish”) and earlier Middle English Gregeis. In reference to fraternities and sororities, a clipping of earlier Greek-letter in reference to their usual names being initialisms of mottos in the Greek language. In reference to terms used to analysize financial derivatives, from their usual names consisting of Greek letters.

The language spoken by people of Greece, particularly, depending on context, Ancient Greek or Modern Greek.


Indonesian

en-noun

Indonesian (countable and uncountable, plural Indonesians)

/ˌɪndəˈniːʒən/

Wiktionary’s coverage of Indonesian terms

(countable) A person living in or coming from Indonesia.


Czech

From Polish Czech, from Czech Čech, ultimately a variation and contraction of Proto-Slavic *čelověkъ (“human”).

She's from Czech, Croatia, or somewhere over there. The ill thing is that we always come together when we're drunk, but half way through our drunken talks, she always gets mad at something and leaves.

2008, George Stowers, Straight Up, No Sippin': Memoirs of Life and Work Onboard Mega Cruise Ships, page 325

A whole array of companies and consultants are found travelling to Croatia or Czech or China, to extol the latest virtues of electioneering, perhaps via the UK Westminster Foundation for Democracy, […]

2009, Jennifer Lees-Marshment, Political Marketing: Principles and Applications, Routledge, page 237

(nonstandard) The Czech Republic (Czechia).


Galician

Galician (countable and uncountable, plural Galicians)

From Galicia (“region in northwest Spain”) + -an.

suffix

Rosalia de Castro became a crucial element in this early nationalist cultural campaign: she spoke Galician as her first language and she was literate, educated, and sympathetic to the group's progressive aims.

1998, Catherine Davies, Spanish Women's Writing, 1849-1996, page 63

(uncountable) The language of Galicia; a Romance language spoken in the northwestern corner of the Iberian peninsula.


Chinese

/ˌt͡ʃʌɪˈniz/

/ˈt͡ʃʌɪˌniz/

[ˌt͡ʃəɪˈniːz]

[ˈt͡ʃəɪˌniˑz]

From China + -ese under influence of Portuguese chinês, replacing older Chinish. Doublet of chinois. In its orientalist sense of "generically exotic, backwards, or poorly organized", sometimes a deliberate marketing strategy to increase sales, as with the German Chinese checkers. In its sense related to the orientation of stage lighting's barn doors, a reference to a supposed resemblance to East Asian eyes.

The Chinese are present in all parts of the world.

(uncountable, collective) The Han Chinese, whether in China or overseas.

the people of China — see also Han Chinese, overseas Chinese


Norwegian

en-noun

Norwegian (countable and uncountable, plural Norwegians)

From Medieval Latin Norvegia (from Old Norse Norvegr (“Norway”)) + -an, with v replaced by w due to influence from earlier English Norwayan (“Norwegian”).

A kind of fishing boat on the Great Lakes of North America.


Thai

Thai (countable and uncountable, plural Thai or Thais)

Borrowed from Thai ไทย (tai). Doublet of Tai and Dai.

(uncountable) The main language spoken in Thailand (closely related to Lao).


Brisbanite

A native or inhabitant of Brisbane (Australia).


Darwiner

A native or inhabitant of Darwin (Australia).


English

en-prop

English (countable and uncountable, plural Englishes)

English (surname)
English#Places in the United States

From Middle English Englisch, English, Inglis, from Old English Englisċ (“of the Angles; English”), from Engle (“the Angles”), a Germanic tribe + -isċ; equivalent to Engle + -ish. Compare West Frisian Ingelsk, Scots Inglis (older ynglis), Dutch Engels, Danish engelsk, Old French Englesche (whence French anglais), German englisch, Spanish inglés, all ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ- (“narrow”) (compare Sanskrit अंहु (áṃhu, “narrow”), अंहस् (áṃhas, “anxiety, sin”), Latin angustus (“narrow”), Old Church Slavonic ѫзъкъ (ǫzŭkŭ, “narrow”)).

cog

A number of places in the United States:

An unincorporated community in Brazoria County, Texas.

Red River County
Red River County#English

An unincorporated community in Red River County, Texas.


Sydneysider

A native or inhabitant of Sydney, Australia.


Sydneyite

A native or inhabitant of Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada.


Canberran

Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory

Of, from or relating to the Australian Capital Territory.


Canberran

A native or inhabitant of Canberra (Australia).

A native or inhabitant of the Australian Capital Territory.


Hobartian

A native or inhabitant of Hobart (Australia).


Adelaidean

A native or inhabitant of Adelaide (Australia).


Perthian

A native or inhabitant of Perth (Australia).


Sydneyan

Of, from or relating to Sydney, Australia.


Melburnian

From the Latin name for Melbourne, Melburnia, + -ian.
The term can be traced back to 1876, when the case for Melburnian over Melbournian was made in the Melbourne Grammar School publication, the Melburnian. 'The diphthong, ‘ou’ is not a Latin diphthong: hence, we argued this way, Melburnia would be [the] Latin form of name, and from it comes Melburnian.'

A native or inhabitant of Melbourne, the capital city of Victoria, Australia.


Russian

en-noun

Russian (countable and uncountable, plural Russians)

From Medieval Latin (11th century) Russiānus, the adjective of Russia, a Latinization of the Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ). Attested in English (both as a noun and as an adjective) from the 16th century. By surface analysis, Russia + -an.

The “little green men”—faces covered, wearing unmarked olive uniforms, speaking Russian and using Russian weapons—have played a significant role in both the occupation of Crimea and the civil war in eastern Ukraine.¹⁹⁶

2015, Shane R. Reeves, David Wallace, “The Combatant Status of the “Little Green Men” and Other Participants in the Ukraine Conflict”, in International Law Studies, US Naval War College, volume 91, number 361, Stockton Center for the Study of International Law, page 393


gray

From Middle English gray, from Old English grǣġ, from Proto-West Germanic *grāu, from Proto-Germanic *grēwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₁- (“to green, to grow”).
See also Dutch grauw, German grau, Old Norse grár); also Latin rāvus (“grey”), Old Church Slavonic зьрѭ (zĭrjǫ, “to see, to glance”), Russian зреть (zretʹ, “to watch, to look at”) (archaic), Lithuanian žeriù (“to shine”).

cog

(chiefly US, ufology) Synonym of grey alien


French

en-adj

French (comparative more French, superlative most French)

more French (comparative)
most French (superlative)

→ Choctaw: Filanchi

→ Tamil: பிரஞ்சு (pirañcu)

Inherited from Middle English Frenche, Frensch, Frensc, Frenshe, Frenk, Franche, from Old English Frenċisċ (“Frankish, French”), from Proto-West Germanic *Frankisk (“Frankish”), equivalent to Frank + -ish (compare Frankish). Cognate with Middle Low German vranksch, frenkisch, vrenkesch, vrenksch (“Frankish, French”), Middle High German vrenkisch, vrensch ("Frankish, Franconian; > German fränkisch (“Frankish, Franconian”)), Danish fransk (“French”), Swedish fransk, fransysk (“French”), Icelandic franska (“French”).
Doublet of Frankish.
In reference to vulgar language, from expressions such as pardon my French in the early 19th century, originally in reference to actual (but often mildly impolite) French expressions by the upper class, subsequently adopted ironically by the lower class for English cursewords under the charitable conceit that the listener would not be familiar with them.
In reference to vermouth, a shortened form of French vermouth, distinguished as usually being drier than Italian vermouth.

gl

"Frankish, Franconian; > German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">fränkisch</i> (“Frankish, Franconian”)

French verbs


Taiwanese

Language. Mandarin is the official language, but many people speak Taiwanese (a variant of a southern Chinese dialect) and Japanese. The younger generation and those engaged in the tourist trade speak some English.

1975, Lawrence A. Clancy, Sunset Travel Guide to the Orient: Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, China, Menlo Park, California: Lane Publishing Co., page 108

The gay and lesbian movement in Taiwan is composed largely of students and other intellectuals and therefore is largely Mandarin-speaking, middle-class, and young. Koa-a-hi actresses, by contrast, almost always speak Taiwanese as their primary language, are rarely educated beyond elementary school, and can barely make ends meet.

1999, Teri Silvio, “Reflexivity, Bodily Praxis and Identity in Taiwanese Opera”, in GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, volume 5, number 4, Duke University Press, pages 585–604

The variant of Hokkien spoken in Taiwan, the native language of the Hoklo.

тайва́ньский

язы́к, диале́кт


Canadian

From Canada (noun) + -ian (suffix forming adjectives and nouns).

suffix

(sports) canoe (short for Canadian canoe, as opposed to kayak)


Canadian

A name of uncertain origin. The city and town names are after the river.

The Canadian River, a river in New Mexico, the Texas Panhandle, and Oklahoma in the United States, which is a tributary of the Arkansas River.

Pittsburg County
Pittsburg County#English

A city, the county seat of Hemphill County, Texas, situated on the Canadian River.


Briton

From Old French Breton, from Latin Brittō or its Celtic equivalent (Welsh Brython). Doublet of Breton and Brython.

At last the Saxons had killed nearly all the Britons, and the few who remained took refuge in the mountains, in that part of the country which we now call Wales, and in Cornwall.

1905, Henrietta Elizabeth Marshall, Our Island Story, page 59

The ancient Britons were particularly fond of Anglesey, which the Romans knew as Mona.

An inhabitant of Great Britain, particularly (historical) a Celt from the area of Roman Britain or (obsolete) a Welshman.

brità

ancient Celts in the area of modern England and Wales

the British

native of Great Britain, subject of the UK


Basque

Borrowed from French basque, from Gascon Occitan basc, from Latin Vascō, Vascōnēs pl, a pre-Roman era tribe settled in the Atlantic Biscaian gulf and Pyrenean mountain region of south-western Europe, who were ancestors of the current Basque population.


Turk

en-adj

Turk (comparative more Turk, superlative most Turk)

more Turk (comparative)
most Turk (superlative)

From Middle English Turke, Turk, from Old French Turc, from Medieval Latin Turcus, from Byzantine Greek Τοῦρκος (Toûrkos), from Classical Persian تُرْک (turk), from Middle Persian [script needed] (twlk' /turk/), from Old Turkic 𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰜 (t²ür²k̥). See Proto-Turkic *tür(ü)k for more.


Romanian

en-noun

Romanian (countable and uncountable, plural Romanians)

I think there was this one Black guy in there who was practically crying.
I swear I could hear Sir Mixalot in my head whenever I did Romanians.

2010 March 24, Built, “With the big boyz...”, in IronMag Forums

I did Romanians for a year and worked up to 250 for sets of 5. I couldn't take the DOMS anymore and dropped them.

2015 April 15, OZ-USF-UFGator, “diract Back work: Are Deadlifts and chin ups enough”, in Starting Strength Forum

(countable, weightlifting slang) Romanian deadlift


Bulgarian

en-adj

Bulgarian (comparative more Bulgarian, superlative most Bulgarian)

more Bulgarian (comparative)
most Bulgarian (superlative)

Relating to Bulgaria, its people, or the Bulgarian language.

Bulgaars

relating to Bulgaria, its people or the Bulgarian language


tribe

PIE word
 *tréyes
From Middle English tribe, tribu, from Old French tribu, from Latin tribus. Doublet of tribus.

A group of affiliated Mardi Gras Indians.


Lithuanian

en-noun

Lithuanian (countable and uncountable, plural Lithuanians)

Wiktionary’s coverage of Lithuanian terms

(countable) A person living in or coming from Lithuania.


angel

Jamaican Creole: ienjel

→ Chinese: 安琪兒／安琪儿 (ānqí'ér)

→ Hawaiian: ʻānela

→ Lingala: anjelu, anzelu

→ Malagasy: anjely

Florence Baptistery
Seven churches of Asia
en:Angel (disambiguation)
en:angel

Two Baroque angels from southern Germany, from the mid-18th century
From Middle English angel, aungel, ængel, engel, from Old English anġel, ænġel, enġel, enċġel (“angel, messenger”), from Proto-West Germanic *angil, borrowed from Latin angelus, itself from Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos, “messenger”); and also in part from Anglo-Norman angele, angle, from the same Latin source. The religious sense of the Greek word first appeared in the Septuagint as a translation of the Hebrew word מַלְאָךְ (malʾāḵ, “messenger”) or יהוה מַלְאָךְ (malʾāḵ YHWH, “messenger of YHWH”).
Use of the term in some churches to refer to a church official derives from interpreting the "angels" of the Seven churches of Asia in Revelation as being bishops or ministers rather than angelic beings.

der

don't drive faster than your guardian angel can fly

unidentified flying object
unidentified flying object

(colloquial, dated) An unidentified flying object detected by air traffic control radar.


British

en-adj

British (comparative more British, superlative most British)

more British (comparative)
most British (superlative)

From Middle English Brittish, from Old English Brettisċ.
The spelling with single -t- appears in the 13th century under the influence of Medieval Latin Britannicus, but spelling with -tt- persists alongside -t- during the 13th to 17th centuries.
In reference to the island of Great Britain from ca. 1400 (Latin natio Anglica sive Britannica, Brittisshe occean 1398, the Britishe nacion 1548).
As a noun, referring to the British people, British soldiers, etc. from ca. 1600.

brythonik

history: of the ancient inhabitants of the southern part of Britain


rod

From Middle English rodde, from Old English *rodd or *rodde (attested in dative plural roddum (“rod, pole”)), of uncertain origin, but probably from Proto-Germanic *rudd- (“stick, club”), from Proto-Indo-European *rewdʰ- (“to clear land”). Compare Old Norse rudda (“club”). For the root, compare English rid. Presumably unrelated to Proto-Germanic *rōdō (“rod, pole”).

der

These cylindrical rods fly through the air at incredible speeds and can only be picked up by high-speed cameras.

2000, Jack Barranger, Paul Tice, Mysteries Explored: The Search for Human Origins, Ufos, and Religious Beginnings, Book Three, p.37

During one such broadcast in 1997, the esteemed radio host bellowed, “I got a fax earlier today from MUFON (Mutual UFO Network) in Arizona and they said what you think are rods are actually insects!”

2009, Barry Conrad, An Unknown Encounter: A True Account of the San Pedro Haunting, Dorrance Publishing, pages 129–130

He tells of a home video showing a rod flying into the open mouth of a girl singing at a wedding.

2010, Deena West Budd, The Weiser Field Guide to Cryptozoology: Werewolves, Dragons, Skyfish, Lizard Men, and Other Fascinating Creatures Real and Mysterious, Weiser Books, page 15

(ufology) A rod-shaped object that appears in photographs or videos traveling at high speed, not seen by the person recording the event, often associated with extraterrestrial entities.


Argentinian

A person from Argentina or of Argentine descent.


Klingon

[Alt: Photograph of two people in Klingon costume]
c. 1960s, from the Star Trek franchise, purportedly by Gene Roddenberry, named for Lieutenant Wilbur Clingan of the Los Angeles Police Department. In-universe, the name was a transcription of Klingon tlhIngan.

An artificial language created by Marc Okrand for the film Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan.


American Samoan

en-noun

American Samoan (plural American Samoans)

A person from American Samoa or of American Samoan descent.


Pyrenean

/ˌpɪɹəˈniːən/

Pierre held his berret in his hand, and the boldness of the Pyrenean hunter was strangely overcome in the absence of all apparent danger: he really knew not what he did or what he said.

1845, Selina Bunbury, Evenings in the Pyrenées

Of or pertaining to the Pyrenees, a range of mountains separating France and Spain


Netherlander

/ˈnɛðɚˌlændɚ/

Nederlander

someone from the Netherlands — see also Dutchman, Dutchwoman


Emirian

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates

An Emirati; a person from the United Arab Emirates or of Emirian descent.


Emirian

en-adj

Emirian (comparative more Emirian, superlative most Emirian)

more Emirian (comparative)
most Emirian (superlative)

Of, from, or relating to the United Arab Emirates.


Barbudan

A person from Barbuda in Antigua and Barbuda or of Barbudan descent.


Barbudan

Barbudan (comparative more Barbudan, superlative most Barbudan)

more Barbudan (comparative)
most Barbudan (superlative)

Of, from, or pertaining to Barbuda, the Barbudan people.


Barbudian

A person from Barbuda in Antigua and Barbuda, or of Barbudian descent.


Anguillan

A person from Anguilla or of Anguillan descent.


Antiguan

A person from Antigua in Antigua and Barbuda, or of Antiguan descent.


Dutchman

From Middle English Ducheman; equivalent to Dutch + -man.

[…]the tyranny of the rockspiders, crunchies, hairybacks, ropes, and bloody Dutchmen. Those were the names by which we referred to Afrikaners.

1990, Rian Malan, My Traitor's Heart: Blood and Bad Dreams, page 54

(South Africa, derogatory) A male white Afrikaner.

(nautical) Ellipsis of Flying Dutchman.: a ghost ship


Dutchman

President Roosevelt called a press conference in the Oval Office. [...] when asked where the Billys had originated, the Dutchman smiled broadly [...].

2003, James Bradley, chapter 8, in Flyboys, New York: Little, Brown and Company

(US) A nickname for President Franklin D. Roosevelt.


Andorran

A person from Andorra or of Andorran descent.


Angolan

A person from Angola or of Angolan descent.


Cypriot

From Ancient Greek Κυπριώτης (Kupriṓtēs, “Cypriot”). Equivalent to Cyprus + -iot.

bor

Holonym: Arcado-Cypriot

The dialect of Turkish spoken in Cyprus.


Ukrainian

From Ukraine + -ian (suffix meaning ‘from; like; related to’, forming adjectives; or ‘one belonging to, from, like, or relating to’, forming nouns).

suffix

It [Old Slavonic] is the root of both branches of the living Russian language: of Great Russian, which is the literary and official Russian, as well as of Ukrainian, or Southern Russian. There are, moreover, no popular dialects in our country. The fourteen millions of Ukrainians, settled in the plains of south-west Russia, all speak exactly the same language.

1888, Stepniak [i.e., Sergey Stepnyak-Kravchinsky], chapter I, in The Russian Peasantry: Their Agrarian Condition, Social Life, and Religion, 2nd edition, volume II, London: Swan Sonnenschein and Co. […], →OCLC, page 573

The East Slavic language of Ukrainians, and the official language of Ukraine.

Oekraïens

Wiktionary’s coverage of Ukrainian terms


Armenian

(uncountable) The language of Armenia and the Armenian people, whose older stages are Old Armenian and Middle Armenian.


Faeroese

en-noun

Faeroese (countable and uncountable, plural Faeroese)


Britain

en-proper noun

Britain (countable and uncountable, plural Britains)

→ Hawaiian: Pelekāne

→ Tokelauan: Peletānia

From Middle English Britayne, Breteyn, from Anglo-Norman Bretaigne, Bretaine, from Latin Brittannia, variant of Latin Britannia, from Britannī; reinforced by native Old English Breten, from the same Latin source. Ultimately from Proto-Brythonic *Prɨdėn (“Britain”) from *Pritanī (also compare *Prɨdɨn (“Picts”) from *Pritenī), attested to in Ancient Greek as Πρεττανική (Prettanikḗ), compare Welsh Prydain. Doublet of Britannia and Brittany. More at Britto.


Vietnamese

The Vietnamese I own is the one you gave me, the one whose diction and syntax reach only the second-grade level.

2019, Ocean Vuong, On Earth We're Briefly Gorgeous, Jonathan Cape, page 31

The Austroasiatic language spoken predominantly in Vietnam.

Wiktionary’s coverage of Vietnamese terms


Austrian

en-adj

Austrian (comparative more Austrian, superlative most Austrian)

more Austrian (comparative)
most Austrian (superlative)

Of, from, or pertaining to Austria or its people.

Of or relating to a school of economic thought based on the concept of methodological individualism: that social phenomena result from the motivations and actions of individuals.


Austrian

A person from Austria or of Austrian descent.

An economist supporting the ideals of the Austrian School of Economics.


Australian

General Australian, Macquarie Dictionary

/ɔːˈstɹeɪlɪən/

A language of the country or continent of Australia; Australian (Australian English).

inglés australiano

a language of the country or continent of Australia; Australian (Australian English)


Peruvian

From Peru + -v- + -ian, or from Latin Peruvia.

A person from Peru or of Peruvian descent.


Sardinian

A Romance language spoken in the Italian region of Sardinia.

Wiktionary’s coverage of Sardinian terms


Tibetan

en-noun

Tibetan (countable and uncountable, plural Tibetans)


Scandinavian

en-adj

Scandinavian (comparative more Scandinavian, superlative most Scandinavian)

more Scandinavian (comparative)
most Scandinavian (superlative)

(Of a language) Of or relating to the North Germanic family of languages to which Swedish, Norwegian (Bokmål, Nynorsk), Danish, Icelandic, and Faeroese belong.

skandinavisk

of or relating the North Germanic family of languages


extraterrestrial

CA synth

Smith returns in Men In Black 3 as a veteran agent of a secret organization dedicated to policing the earth’s many extraterrestrials.

2012 May 24, Nathan Rabin, “Film: Reviews: Men In Black 3”, in The Onion AV Club

A being originating from outside of the Earth's atmosphere, from space, or from another planet; an alien.


Buffalonian

An inhabitant or a resident of Buffalo, NY.


Transylvanian

From, or pertaining to, Transylvania or its people.


Pennsylvanian

A native or resident of the state of Pennsylvania in the United States of America.


Floridian

A native or resident of the state of Florida in the United States of America.

Floriďan

an inhabitant or a resident of the state of Florida


New Mexican

A native or resident of the state of New Mexico in the United States of America.

neomexicà

an inhabitant or a resident of the state of New Mexico


Tasmanian

The engineer of the line, a young Tasmanian named Sharland, decided the best course would be to take the new railway along a chain of four deep valleys. [...].

1939 July, John D. Hewitt, “Some Notable British Main Lines: 1. Settle and Carlisle, L.M.S.R.”, in Railway Magazine, page 37

An inhabitant or a resident of the state of Tasmania.


Texan

In 2012, over three million Texans voted Democrat.

2015 November 9, “Why The Electoral College Ruins Democracy” (00:02:08 from the start), in Adam Ruins Everything (television production), spoken by himself (Adam Conover), truTV, via truTV

A native or resident of the state of Texas in the United States of America.


Berlinese

An inhabitant or a resident of the city of Berlin, Germany.


New Yorker

նյույորքցի

a native or resident of the state of New York

United States of America
United States of America#English

A native or resident of the state of New York in the United States of America.


Genoese

/ˌd͡ʒɛnəʊˈiːz/


Genoese

/ˌd͡ʒɛnəʊˈiːz/


Genoese

/ˌd͡ʒɛnəʊˈiːz/


Vulcan

From Vulcan (etymology 1), from the Star Trek TV series of the 1960s.

language constructed
constructed language

A language constructed for the Star Trek franchise, spoken by the fictional Vulcan species.


Thracian

/ˈθɹeɪʃi.ən/

(uncountable) the extinct language formerly spoken in Thrace.


Piedmontese

A Gallo-Italic language spoken in Piedmont.

Wiktionary’s coverage of Piedmontese terms


Neapolitan

From Latin neāpolītānus, from Neāpolis, from Ancient Greek Νεάπολις (Neápolis, literally “new city”), a Greek city in modern Naples. Doublet of naporitan.

der

A language spoken in South Italy, approximately in the area of the former Kingdom of Naples.

Wiktionary’s coverage of Neapolitan terms


Breton

en-noun

Breton (countable and uncountable, plural Bretons)

From French Breton. Doublet of Briton and Brython.

(uncountable) The Celtic language of Brittany.


Muscovite

1535. From Latin Moscovita (“resident of Moscow or Muscovy, Russian”), also Muscovita, Moschovita, from Moscovia or Muscovia (“Muscovy”) + -ita.

uder

An inhabitant or native of Muscovy or Moscow.


Muscovite

Of or relating to Muscovy or Moscow, or the people of these places.


Englishwoman

From Middle English Englishwoman, equivalent to English + -woman. Compare Englishman.

A female native or inhabitant of England; a woman who is English by birth, descent or naturalisation.

إِنْجِلِيزِيَّة

a female native or inhabitant of England


Venetian

From Latin Venetianus (“Venetic; Venetian”), from Venetia (“lands of the Veneti; Venice, Veneto; Armorica”) + -anus (“-ian”), from Veneti + -ia. In the case of the Veneti of northern Brittany, derived from Gaulish Uenetoi (“the friendly ones, the kinsmen”), from Proto-Celtic *wenet, a derivation from *wenyā (“kindred”). In the case of the Veneti of northeastern Italy, of uncertain origin but presumably taken from a Venetic endonym, possibly Illyrian or Celtic. Equivalent to Veneto or Venetia + -ian.

der

Of or related to Venice, an Italian city and (historical) its former republic and colonial empire around the Adriatic and eastern Mediterranean Seas.

(linguistics) Of or related to Venetian, the local language or Italian dialect spoken in the city.

(historical, uncommon) Synonym of Venetic, of or related to the Veneti, either of two unrelated tribes of ancient Europe.


Venetian

The Romance language spoken mostly in the Veneto region of Italy.

The form of this language spoken in Venice.


Saturnian

en-adj

Saturnian (comparative more Saturnian, superlative most Saturnian)

more Saturnian (comparative)
most Saturnian (superlative)

(astronomy) Related to the planet Saturn.

Resembling a golden age; distinguished for peacefulness, happiness, contentment.

(poetry) Involving a meter consisting of three iambics and an extra syllable followed by three trochees, employed by satirists in Ancient Rome.


Saturnian

(science fiction) An inhabitant of the planet Saturn.


Persian

en-noun

Persian (countable and uncountable, plural Persians)

/ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃən/

From Middle English percynne, from Middle French persien, from Italian persiano, from Medieval Latin Persiānus, from Latin Persia, from Ancient Greek Περσίς (Persís), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (p-a-r-s /Pārsa/, “Persia”) (compare modern Iranian Persian فارس (fârs) or Early Classical Persian پارس (pārs)).

der

(uncountable) The Persian language, or a family of languages spoken primarily in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.


Aruban

Of, from, or pertaining to Aruba, the Aruban people or the Aruban language.


Latvian

en-noun

Latvian (countable and uncountable, plural Latvians)

(countable) A person from Latvia or of Latvian descent.


Botswanan

A person from Botswana or of Botswanan descent.


Bahamian

en-adj

Bahamian (comparative more Bahamian, superlative most Bahamian)

more Bahamian (comparative)
most Bahamian (superlative)

Of, from, or pertaining to the Bahamas, or the Bahamian people.


Bolivian

A person from Bolivia or of Bolivian descent.


Bolivian

Of, from, or pertaining to Bolivia, or the Bolivian people.


Barbadian

A person from Barbados or descended from a person from Barbados.


Belizean

A person from Belize or of Belizean descent.


Ecuadorian

A person from Ecuador or of Ecuadorian descent.


Bahraini

From Arabic بَحْرَيْنِيّ (baḥrayniyy, “Bahraini”). Equivalent to Bahrain + -i.

bor

بَحْرَيْنِيّ

A person from Bahrain or of Bahraini descent.

Bahreiner

a person from Bahrain or of Bahraini descent


Beninese

“They wanted to know what part of Africa my parents hailed from,” Caesar said. “How was I to know? He said I had the nose of a Beninese.”

2016, Colson Whitehead, The Underground Railroad, Fleet (2017), pages 147–148

A person from Benin or of Beninese descent.


Cuban

Of, from, or pertaining to Cuba, the Cuban people or the Cuban dialect.


Mauritanian

A person from Mauritania or of Mauritanian descent.


Liberian

A person from Liberia or of Liberian descent.


Greenlander

1865, Henry David Thoreau, Cape Cod, Chapter IV. "The Beach", page 54.
Were it not for this, we Europeans should have no wood to burn there, and the poor Greenlanders […] would, however, have no wood to roof their houses, to erect their tents, as also to build their boats, and to shaft their arrows.

A person from Greenland or of Greenlandic descent.

гренландец

a person from Greenland or of Greenlandic descent


Nigerien

/naɪˌdʒɪɹiˈɛn/

/niːˈʒɛəɹɪən/

From French nigérien, from Niger + -ien.

A person from Niger or of Nigerien descent.


Paraguayan

I particularly admire Paraguayan handicrafts.

Of or pertaining to the people, language, or culture of Paraguay.


Gambian

A person from Gambia or of Gambian descent.


Guamanian

Of, from, or pertaining to Guam, the Guamanian people or the Guamanian language.


Costa Rican

His dialect was distinctly Costa Rican.

Of or pertaining to the people, language, or culture of Costa Rica.


Kenyan

A person from Kenya or of Kenyan descent.


Cameroonian

Of, from, or pertaining to Cameroon, the Cameroonian people or the Cameroonian language.


Burundian

A person from Burundi or of Burundian descent.


Guatemalan

A person from Guatemala or of Guatemalan descent.


Guatemalan

Of, from, or pertaining to Guatemala or the Guatemalan people.

гватема́лски

of, from, or pertaining to Guatemala or its people


Nigerian

/naɪˈd͡ʒɪəɹɪən/

/naɪˈd͡ʒɪɹiən/

A person from Nigeria or of Nigerian descent.


Epirot

From Ancient Greek ἠπειρώτης (ēpeirṓtēs), from ἤπειρος (ḗpeiros, “mainland, inland country”).

he would cry out as Pyrrhus did, admiring the Roman docility and courage, if such were my Epirots, I would not despair the greatest design that could be attempted to make a Church or Kingdom happy.

An inhabitant or a resident of ancient or modern Epirus, in northwest Greece and southern Albania.


Sudanese

A person from Sudan or of Sudanese descent.


Icelander

From Iceland + -er. Displaced older Middle English Iselandman (“Icelander”, literally “Iceland man, Iceland person”).

cog

A person from Iceland or of Icelandic descent.


Malawian

A person from Malawi or of Malawian descent.


Bangladeshi

From Bangladesh + -i. Borrowed from Bengali বাংলাদেশী (baṅladeśi).


Grenadian

We agreed that the operation would have to be mounted under conditions of the strictest secrecy, so that the Grenadian forces and Cubans on Grenada would not have time to bring in reinforcements or to make a run for the American students at St. George's University Medical School.

1990, Ronald Reagan, An American Life, Pocket Books, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 450

They invited him to Grenadian feasts in their house near the Oval.

Of, from, or pertaining to Grenada, the Grenadian people or the Grenadian language.


Colombian

A native or inhabitant of Colombo, Sri Lanka.


Honduran

en-adj

Honduran (comparative more Honduran, superlative most Honduran)

more Honduran (comparative)
most Honduran (superlative)

Of, from, or pertaining to Honduras or the Honduran people.


Senegalese

Foreigner who marries a Senegalese is granted permanent residency and can apply for citizenship by naturalization.

2001, Citizenship Laws of the World, Amer Immigration Lawyers Assn, page 173

In times of need, it is the mother's brother whom a Senegalese is most likely to approach for aid. The matrilineage is dominated by the tokor ("tuh-CORE"), the oldest man. The tokor holds all the family money.

2010, Elizabeth Berg, Ruth Wan, Ruth Lau, Senegal, Marshall Cavendish, page 74

Senghor writes that these texts were collected “by the Abbé Boilat, a Senegalese” in his Grammar of the Wolof Language. Identifying Boilat as “a Senegalese” conflicts with the more ambiguous ways that Boilat actually presents himself[…]

2019 March 5, Tobias Warner, The Tongue-Tied Imagination: Decolonizing Literary Modernity in Senegal, Fordham Univ Press, page 46

A person from Senegal or of Senegalese descent.


East Timorese

According to press reports, on 1 January 1995, an ethnic riot took place at Baucau following an alleged killing of an East Timorese by an Indonesian immigrant. Some 200 youths reportedly burned a market, shops and houses[…]

1997, Heike Krieger, Dietrich Rauschning, East Timor and the International Community: Basic Documents, Cambridge University Press, page 216

A person from East Timor or of East Timorese descent.


East Timorese

Of, from, or pertaining to East Timor or the East Timorese people.

Oos-Timorees

of, from, or pertaining to East Timor or the East Timorese people


Bhutanese

Very conveniently for those of us who don't speak Bhutanese, nearly everybody in Bhutan speaks perfect British English since it is the language of instruction in their schools.

2020, Simon Anholt, The Good Country Equation, page 52

Dzongkha, the national language of Bhutan.


Chilean

/t͡ʃɪˈliːən/

/t͡ʃɪˈleɪən/

Of, from, or pertaining to the nation or culture of Chile or its people.

تشيلي

pertaining to a Chilean person or Chileans


Chilean

/t͡ʃɪˈliːən/

/t͡ʃɪˈleɪən/

A person from Chile or of Chilean descent.


Libyan

From Libya + -an. English since the 16th century.


Maldivian

en-noun

Maldivian (countable and uncountable, plural Maldivians)

(uncountable) The official language of the Maldives, also called Dhivehi or Divehi.


Djiboutian

A person from Djibouti or of Djiboutian descent.


Malian

A person from Mali or of Malian descent.


Malian

Of, from, or pertaining to Mali or the Malian people.


Malian

(historical) A member of an ancient tribe that resided at the mouth of the river Spercheios in Greece.


Mauritian

However, Baker (pc) notes that limero is also a common Mauritian pronunciation.

1989, John A. Holm, Pidgins and Creoles: Reference Survey, Cambridge University Press, page 401

The are two perspectives on the relationship between Réunionnais, a semicreole, and Mauritian, a typical plantation creole. Baker and Corne (1982) argue that […] Mauritian is the product of a break in the transmission of French, […]

2000, John H. McWhorter, The Missing Spanish Creoles: Recovering the Birth of Plantation Contact Languages, University of California Press, pages 187–188

2001, Robert Chaudenson, Salikoko S. Mufwene, and Sheri Pargman, Creolization of Language and Culture (English edition of Robert Chaudenson, Des îles, des hommes, des langues), Routledge, →ISBN, page 47,
Much later, Richardson (1963) posits a theory very similar to Jespersen’s, claiming that the [grammatical] system of Mauritian has resulted from the contact of very different systems (French, Malagasy, and Bantu), which allegedly could not merge together because of excessive heterogeneity, but neutralized each other instead.


Vanuatuan

Of, from, or pertaining to Vanuatu, the Vanuatuan people or the Vanuatuan language.


Nepalese

Of, from, or pertaining to Nepal, the Nepalese people or the Nepalese language.


Nepalese

A person from Nepal or of Nepalese descent.


Guyanese

/ˌɡaɪəˈniːz/


Serbian

Serbian (countable and uncountable, plural Serbians)

(uncountable) The standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs.

Serwies

the standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian


Gabonese

A person from Gabon or of Gabonese descent.


Aragonese

/ˌærəɡɒˈniːz/

The Spanish language spoken in Aragon when influenced by Aragonese traits.

Wiktionary’s coverage of Aragonese terms


Ugandan

A person from Uganda or of Ugandan descent.


Salvadorian

A person from El Salvador or of Salvadorian descent.


Dane

From Middle English Dane, from Old Norse danir. Displaced native Old English Dene. Both forms ultimately descend from Proto-Germanic *daniz.

Deen

person from Denmark or of Danish descent

Kenett states that the military works still known by the name of Tadmarten Camp and Hook-Norton Barrow were cast up at this time ; the former, large and round, is judged to be a fortification of the Danes, and the latter, being smaller and rather a quinquangle than a square, of the Saxons.

1881, John Kirby Hedges, The history of Wallingford, volume 1, page 170

(historical) A member of the Danes, a Germanic tribe inhabiting the Danish islands and parts of southern Sweden.


Dane

Often he wrote good ones on casual slips and fancied them his; names like Trevellyan or Montressor or Delancey, with musical prefixes; or a good, short, beautiful, but dignified name like "Gordon Dane". He liked that one. It suggested something.

1913, Harry Leon Wilson, Bunker Bean, BiblioBazaar, LLC, published 2008, page 13

A surname transferred from the nickname for someone who came from Denmark, also a variant of Dean.

"I'm going to call him Dane."
"What a queer name! Why? Is it an O'Neill family name? I thought you were finished with the O'Neills."
"It's got nothing to do with Luke. This is his name, no one else's. - - - I called Justine Justine simply because I liked the name, and I'm calling Dane Dane for the same reason."
"Well, it does have a nice ring to it," Fee admitted.

1977, Colleen McCullough, The Thorn Birds, Gramercy Books, published 1998, pages 432–433

A male given name transferred from the surname, or from the ethnic term Dane (like Scott or Norman).


Cocos Islander

A person from the Cocos Islands or of descent of the Cocos Islands.


Bruneian

Of, from, or pertaining to Brunei, the Bruneian people.


Cook Islander

A person from the Cook Islands or of descent of the Cook Islands.


Norfolk Islander

Norfolk Islander (plural Norfolk Islanders)

A person from Norfolk Island or of its descent.


Falkland Islander

Falkland Islander (plural Falkland Islanders)

A person from the Falkland Islands or of descent of the Falkland Islands.


Azeri

A person from Azerbaijan or of Azerbaijani descent.


British Virgin Islander

British Virgin Islander (plural British Virgin Islanders)

British Virgin Islands
British Virgin Islands

A person from the British Virgin Islands or of descent of the British Virgin Islands.


Zimbabwean

We were, practically to a person, young Zimbabweans who had no parental backing but who had acquired the means through some sort of tenacity, however dubious, to lodge at the respectable hostel.

2006, Tsitsi Dangarembga, The Book of Not, Faber & Faber Limited (2021), page 269

A person from Zimbabwe or of Zimbabwean descent.

Zimbabwiër

a person from Zimbabwe or of Zimbabwean descent


Christmas Islander

Christmas Islander (plural Christmas Islanders)

A person from Christmas Island, or having that ancestry.


Northern Mariana Islander

Northern Mariana Islander (plural Northern Mariana Islanders)

A person from the Northern Marianas or of descent of the Northern Mariana Islands.


Namibian

A person from Namibia or of Namibian descent.

Namibiër

a person from Namibia or of Namibian descent


Equatorial Guinean

Equatorial Guinean (plural Equatorial Guineans)

A person from Equatorial Guinea or of Equatorial Guinean descent.


Montserratian

Of, from, or pertaining to Montserrat, the Montserratian people or language.


Trinidadian and Tobagonian

en-adj

Trinidadian and Tobagonian (not comparable)

Of, from, or pertaining to Trinidad and Tobago or to the people or language of that country. Trinidadian.


Venezuelan

A person from Venezuela or of Venezuelan descent.


Venezuelan

Of, from, or pertaining to Venezuela or the Venezuelan people.

венецуелски

of, from, or pertaining to Venezuela or the Venezuelan people


Guadeloupean

Of, from, or pertaining to Guadeloupe, the Guadeloupean people or the Guadeloupean language.


Mozambican

From New Latin Mozambica + -an (suffix forming adjectives).

affix

A native or inhabitant of Mozambique, or a descendant of such person.

Mosambieker

person from Mozambique or of Mozambican descent


Lebanese

A person from Lebanon or of Lebanese descent.


Lebanese

Of, from, or pertaining to Lebanon or the Lebanese people.

Libanees

of, from, or pertaining to Lebanon, its people or language


Zambian

Of or pertaining to Zambia or its people or language.


Ivorian

/aɪˈvɔːɹiən/

Battling Bolton disputed the goal, claiming Drogba was offside, but the Ivorian appeared to have timed his angled run across the visitors back line to perfection to race onto a fine Michael Essien pass and ensure Chelsea moved back into fourth place in the Premier League.

2010 December 29, Chris Whyatt, “Chelsea 1 - 0 Bolton”, in BBC

A person from Côte d'Ivoire or of Ivorian descent.

Ivoriaan

a person from Côte d'Ivoire or of Ivorian descent


Yemeni

a person from Yemen or of Yemeni descent


Sri Lankan

A person from Sri Lanka or of Sri Lankan descent.

singalès

a person from Sri Lanka or of Sri Lankan descent


Kuwaiti

Of, from, or pertaining to Kuwait or the Kuwaiti people.

Koeweits

of, from, or pertaining to Kuwait or the Kuwaiti people


Ethiopian

A person from Ethiopia or of Ethiopian descent.


Rwandese

A person from Rwanda or of Rwandese descent.


Rwandese

en-adj

Rwandese (comparative more Rwandese, superlative most Rwandese)

more Rwandese (comparative)
most Rwandese (superlative)

In 2003, Rwanda changed its official name from "Rwandese Republic" to "Republic of Rwanda".

Of, from, or pertaining to Rwanda, the Rwandese people or language. See: Rwandan.


Surinamese

/ˌsʊəɹɪnəˈmiːz/

A person from Suriname or of Surinamese descent.


Uruguayan

Of, from, or pertaining to Uruguay, the Uruguayan people or the Uruguayan language.


Saudi Arabian

Saudi Arabian (comparative more Saudi Arabian, superlative most Saudi Arabian)

more Saudi Arabian (comparative)
most Saudi Arabian (superlative)

Of, from, or pertaining to Saudi Arabia, the Saudi Arabian people or language.


Qatari

From Qatar + -i, from Arabic قَطَر (qaṭar)

A person from Qatar or of Qatari descent.


Reunionese

Of, from, or pertaining to Réunion, the Reunionese people or language.


Togolese

From French togolais, equivalent to Togo + -ese. The -l-, also present in Congolese and its French etymon congolais, was added in French to break up the sequence of -o + -ais; it is not present in words formed from -o + -ese in English, e.g. Faroese or Chicagoese.

Grunitzky was educated locally and abroad (receiving one of the first scholarships ever granted to a Togolese), studying mathematics and obtaining an engineering degree (1937). Upon his return to Togo, Grunitzky joined the civil service[…]

2021 April 15, Jennifer C. Seely, Samuel Decalo, Historical Dictionary of Togo, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, page 202

A person from Togo or of Togolese descent.


Adrianopolitan

(historical) A native or inhabitant of Adrianople (modern-day Edirne).


New Zealander

A person from New Zealand or of New Zealand descent.

Nieu-Seelander

a person from New Zealand or of New Zealand descent


Tunisian

Of, from, or pertaining to Tunisia, the Tunisian people or the Tunisian language.


Samoan

Of, from, or pertaining to Samoa, the Samoan people or the Samoan language.


Haitian

Haitian Creole, one of the official languages of Haiti.


Martinican

Martinican (comparative more Martinican, superlative most Martinican)

more Martinican (comparative)
most Martinican (superlative)

Of, from, or pertaining to Martinique, the Martinican people or the Martinican language.


Eritrean

From Eritrea + -an (suffix forming adjectives).

affix

A native or inhabitant of Eritrea, or a descendant of such person.

Eritreër

A person from Eritrea or of Eritrean descent


Puerto Rican

Today many of our newcomers are from Mexico and Puerto Rico. We sometimes forget that Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens by birth and therefore cannot be considered immigrants. Nonetheless, they often receive the same discriminatory treatment and opprobrium that were faced by other waves of newcomers. The same things are said today of Puerto Ricans and Mexicans that were once said of Irish, Italians, Germans and Jews: “They’ll never adjust; they can’t learn the language; they won’t be absorbed.”

1964, John F. Kennedy, “Waves of Immigration-the Post-Revolutionary Forces”, in A Nation of Immigrants, Revised and Enlarged edition, Harper & Row, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 63


Puerto Rican

en-adj

Puerto Rican (comparative more Puerto Rican, superlative most Puerto Rican)

more Puerto Rican (comparative)
most Puerto Rican (superlative)

Of, from or relating to Puerto Rico or its people.


Cilician

The purple Hyacinths, and fresh Costmarie, / And Saffron, sought for in Cilician soyle

1591, “Virgils Gnat”, in Edmund Spenser, transl., Complaints, translation of Culex by Virgil

(historical) Pertaining to or originating from Cilicia.

կիլիկյան

pertaining to or originating from Cilicia


Jordanian

/d͡ʒɔːˈdeɪnɪən/

A person from Jordan or of Jordanian descent.


Singaporean

/ˌsɪŋ(ɡ)əˈpɔːɹi.ən/

Of, from, or pertaining to Singapore or its people or language.


Kiribatian

A person from Kiribati or of Kiribatian descent.


Congolese

/ˌkɒŋ.ɡəˈliːz/

From French congolais, equivalent to Congo + -ese. For information about the -l-, see Togolese.

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

A person from the Congo or any Congolese state.

A person from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire).

congolès

person from Democratic Republic of Congo


Congolese

/ˌkɒŋ.ɡəˈliːz/

Kongolees

people or language of Democratic Republic of Congo

Of, from, or pertaining to the Congo or any Congolese state.

Of, from, or pertaining to the Republic of Congo or its people.

Of, from, or pertaining to the Democratic Republic of Congo or its people.


Tuvaluan

The Polynesian language mostly spoken in Tuvalu.


Luxembourger

/ˈlʌksəmˌbɝɡɚ/

/ˈlʌksəmˌbɜːɡə/

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

A person from the independent Grand Duchy of Luxembourg or of Luxembourgish descent.

(historical) An inhabitant of the former duchy (originally county) of Luxembourg (originally Letzeburg)

An inhabitant of the Belgian province of Luxembourg.

An inhabitant of the city of Luxembourg, the capital of all the above territories.


New Caledonian

Of, from, or pertaining to New Caledonia (any sense), its people or language.

neocaledonià

of, from, or pertaining to New Caledonia


New Caledonian

A person from New Caledonia (any sense) or of New Caledonian descent.


Tokelauan

The Polynesian language of the Tokelauan people.


Liechtensteiner

Borrowed from German Liechtensteiner, equivalent to Liechtenstein + -er.

A person from Liechtenstein or of Liechtenstein descent.


Tongan

en-noun

Tongan (countable and uncountable, plural Tongans)

(uncountable) An Austronesian language of the Polynesian branch spoken in Tonga.


Ghanaian

The locals did this, waiting for tourists to disembark so that they could con them into paying for things Ghanaians knew were free.

2016, Yaa Gyasi, Homegoing, Penguin Books (2017), page 264

A person from Ghana or of Ghanaian descent.


Cambodian

Cambodian (countable and uncountable, plural Cambodians)

(uncountable) the language of the Cambodian people


Pakistani

A person from Pakistan or of Pakistani descent.

pakistanez

a person from Pakistan or of Pakistani descent


Constantinopolitan

Relating to Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul).


Nicaraguan

A person from Nicaragua or of Nicaraguan descent.


Micronesian

A person from Micronesia or of Micronesian descent.


Iraqi

From Arabic عِرَاقِيّ (ʕirāqiyy, “Iraqi”). Equivalent to Iraq + -i.

(historical) Of, from, or pertaining to Persian Iraq.


Bermudian

A person from Bermuda or of Bermudian descent


Viennese

en-adj

Viennese (comparative more Viennese, superlative most Viennese)

more Viennese (comparative)
most Viennese (superlative)

Of or relating to Vienna (the capital of Austria).


Kazakh

From Russian каза́х (kazáx). Cognate with Cossack, ultimately from Turkic languages.

Of, from, or pertaining to Kazakhstan, the Kazakh people or the Kazakh language.

Kazaks

pertaining to the Kazakh people or the Kazakh language


South Korean

Of, from, or pertaining to South Korea or the South Korean people.


South African

A person from South Africa or of South African descent.


South African

Of, from, or pertaining to South Africa, or the South African people.


Chadian

Of, from, or pertaining to Chad, a country in Africa.


Chadian

A person from Chad or of Chadian descent.


Salvadoran

A person from El Salvador or of Salvadorian descent.


Central African

en-noun

Central African (plural Central Africans)

Central African Republic
Central African Republic

A person from Central Africa (the Central African Republic) or of Central African descent.

Sentraal-Afrikaan

A person from Central Africa or of Central African descent


Niuean

A Malayo-Polynesian language spoken mainly in Niue.


Tanzanian

A person from Tanzania or of Tanzanian descent.

Tanzaniër

a person from Tanzania or of Tanzanian descent


Syrian

Syrian bear
Syrian hamster
Syrian onager
Syrian rhubarb
Syrian serin
Syrian woodpecker

Of, from, or pertaining to Syria, the Syrian people or the Syrian language.

سُورِيّ

of, from, or pertaining to Syria, the Syrian people or the Syrian language

(sometimes proscribed) Of, from, or pertaining to the Assyrian people or the Syriac language


Syrian

A person from Syria or of Syrian descent.

سُورِيّ

a person from Syria or of Syrian descent

(sometimes proscribed) A person of Assyrian descent.


Palestinian

An inhabitant of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, legally governed by the Palestinian National Authority.


Wallachian

The language of the Wallachians; Romanian.


Lao

Lao (countable and uncountable, plural Lao or Laos)

(countable) A Tai ethnic group native to Southeast Asia.

(uncountable) The official language of Laos that is closely related to Thai.


Lao

Of, from, or pertaining to Laos, the Lao people or their Kra-Dai Lao language.

Laosiaans

of, from, or pertaining to Laos, the people or their language


North Korean

In the 1960s the Chinese government decided to standardize the Korean-language education for Korean Chinese and adopted the Joseoneo dialect used in North Korea instead of Hangugeo used in South Korea. As a result, Joseonjok in South Korea speak North Korean–accented Korean, which is easily recognizable in South Korea.

2013, Melody Chia-Wen Lu, Shin Hyunjoon, “Ethnicizing, Capitalizing, and Nationalizing: South Korea and the Returning Korean Chinese”, in Xiang Biao, Brenda S. A. Yeoh, Mika Toyota, editors, Return: Nationalizing Transnational Mobility in Asia, Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, page 165

Of, from, or pertaining to North Korea, the North Korean people or the North Korean language.


Rwandan

A person from Rwanda or of Rwandan descent.

Rwandees

a person from Rwanda or of Rwandan descent


Rwandan

en-adj

Rwandan (comparative more Rwandan, superlative most Rwandan)

more Rwandan (comparative)
most Rwandan (superlative)

Of, from, or pertaining to Rwanda, the Rwandan people or language.

Rwandees

of, from, or pertaining to Rwanda, the Rwandan people or language


Belgian

(linguistics) A hypothetical extinct Indo-European language, supposed to have been spoken distinct from Celtic in late prehistory, in certain parts of what has become known as Gaul.


Dominican

From Dominica + -an & Dominic + -an. Compare Latin dominicānus.

A person from the Commonwealth of Dominica or of its descent.


Israeli

Thus, when most native Israeli-speakers speak Israeli, their intonation is much more similar to that of Yiddish, the mother tongue of most revivalists, than to that of Arabic or any other language belonging to the Semitic branch […]

2010, Joshua A. Fishman, Ofelia García, Handbook of Language & Ethnic Identity, volume 2, page 73


Georgian

en-noun

Georgian (countable and uncountable, plural Georgians)

/ˈd͡ʒɔːd͡ʒən/

/ˈd͡ʒɔɹd͡ʒən/

/ˈd͡ʒɔʊ.d͡ʒən/

/ˈd͡ʒoːd͡ʒən/

(countable) A native or resident of the state of Georgia in the United States of America.

Iberian

native or resident of the Eurasian country of Georgia

goober

native or resident of the US state of Georgia


Kyrgyz

/ˈkɜː(ɹ)ɡɪz/

/ˈkɪə(ɹ)ɡɪz/

From Kyrgyz кыргыз (kırgız), possibly derived from Kyrgyz кырк ууз (kırk uuz, “forty tribes”); or possibly from кыргый (kırgıy, “hawk”); or likely from кырк (kırk, “extinguish, mince, cut”). More at Kyrgyz.

uder

member of a Turkic people living primarily in Kyrgyzstan

кыргы́зка

preferred in Kyrgyzstan, seldom used in Russia

member of a Siberian Turkic people now known as Khakas


Kyrgyz

/ˈkɜː(ɹ)ɡɪz/

/ˈkɪə(ɹ)ɡɪz/

The Western Turkic language of Kyrgyz people.


Nauruan

[nɑːˈuː.ɹuːn̩]

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Nauruan.wav


Byzantine

en-adj

Byzantine (comparative more Byzantine, superlative most Byzantine)

more Byzantine (comparative)
most Byzantine (superlative)

From Late Latin byzantinus, itself from Byzantium. The metaphorical senses evoke the reputation for palace intrigue of the Byzantium imperial court.

Eastern Roman Empire
Eastern Roman Empire

(history) Belonging to the civilization of the Eastern Roman Empire between 331, when its capital was moved to Constantinople, and 1453, when that capital was conquered by the Turks and ultimately renamed Istanbul.

بِيزَنْطِيّ

belonging to the civilisation of the Eastern-Roman empire


Uzbek

From Russian узбек (uzbek), from Uzbek oʻzbek. Further etymology is uncertain; possibly from Turkic öz (“genuine”) + Sogdian [script needed] (βγ /beġ/, “master”); the latter from Proto-Indo-Aryan *bʰagás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰagás. The first element is often thought to be equivalent to English Oghuz.


Laotian

From Laos + -ian, or after French laotien.

Lao People's Democratic Republic
Lao People's Democratic Republic

A person from the Lao People's Democratic Republic or of Lao descent.


Laotian

Synonym of Lao (“the official language of Laos”)


Laotian

Of, from, or pertaining to the Lao People's Democratic Republic, the Laotian people or the Laotian language.


Moroccan

A person from Morocco or of Moroccan descent.


Saudi

Borrowed from Arabic سُعُودِيّ (suʕūdiyy), from سُعُود (suʕūd), the name of the Saud family, who rule Saudi Arabia, and the adjectival suffix ـِيّ (-iyy).

The agal he wore on his head gave him away as a Saudi.

A person from Saudi Arabia or of Saudi Arabian descent.


Saudi

en-adj

Saudi (comparative more Saudi, superlative most Saudi)

more Saudi (comparative)
most Saudi (superlative)

From, or pertaining to Saudi Arabia, the Saudi Arabian people or language.


Saudi

2008 June 22, Sebastian Abbot, Oil minister: Saudi willing to increase crude output, Associated Press:


Swiss

Adopted from Middle French Suisse in circa 1515, alongside the form Switzer directly loaned from German.

(nonstandard) Swiss German; the variety of German spoken in Switzerland.


Somali

en-noun

Somali (countable and uncountable, plural Somalis)

(countable) A person from Somalia or of Somali descent.

Somaliër

a person from Somalia or of Somali descent


Iranian

/ɪˈɹɑːni.ən/

A person from Iran or of Iranian descent.


Iranian

/ɪˈɹɑːni.ən/

(linguistics) Pertaining to the Iranian languages or their speakers.

Irans

pertaining to the Iranian languages or the Iranian peoples


Iranian

/ɪˈɹɑːni.ən/


Azerbaijani

/ˌæzəbaɪˈdʒɑːni/

/ˌæzəɹbaɪˈd͡ʒɑːni/

آزربائیجانی

āzerbā’ījānī


Macedonian

Macedonian (countable and uncountable, plural Macedonians)

From Middle English Macedonyen, partly from Macedonia and partly from Latin Macedonius, + -an; equivalent to Macedonia + -an.

/mæsəˈdəʊnɪən/

Republic of North Macedonia
Republic of North Macedonia

(uncountable) A South Slavic language, the standard language of the Republic of North Macedonia.


Gaul

Borrowed from French Gaule (“Gaul”), from Middle French Gaule (“Gaul”), from Old French Gaule, Waulle (“Gaul”, a term used to translate unrelated Latin Gallia (“Gaul”)), from Frankish *Walha(land) (“Gaul, Land of the Romans, foreigners”), from Proto-West Germanic *walh (“foreigner, Roman, Celt”), from Proto-Germanic *walhaz (“an outlander, foreigner, Celt”), probably of Celtic origin, from the same source as Latin Volcae (name of a Celtic tribe in South Germany, which later emigrated to Gaul).
Akin to Old High German Walh, Walah (“a Celt, Roman, Gaul”), Old English Wealh, Walh (“a non-Germanic foreigner, Celt/Briton/Welshman”), Old Norse Valir (“Gauls, Frenchmen”). More at Wales/Welsh, Cornwall, Walloon, and Vlach/Wallachia.
Despite their similar appearance, Latin Gallia is not the origin of French Gaule. During the evolution from Latin to French, stressed initial /ˈɡa-/ yielded /dʒa/ > /ʒa/ (cf. Latin gamba > French jambe), while unstressed final /-lia/ yielded /ʎə/ > /j/ (cf. Latin filia > French fille). Thus, the regular outcome of Latin Gallia is /ʒaj/ ⟨Jaille⟩, which is attested in several French toponyms: La Jaille-Yvon, Saint-Mars-la-Jaille, etc.


Mongolian

en-noun

Mongolian (countable and uncountable, plural Mongolians)

Originally from Mongol + -ian, a translation (1706) of the German mongolisch, mongalisch. Subsequently, from the name of the country of Mongolia + -an.

The Cossac there, The Calmuc, and Mungalian, round the bales In crowds resort.

1757, John Dyer, The fleece, a poem, published 1807

This day we saw some scattered tents of Mongalians, with their flocks.

1763, John Bell, A journey from St. Petersburg to Pekin

The Mongolians are the most nomadic of populations.

1854, Robert G. Latham, Orr's Circle of the sciences: Organic nature

Mongolians now regard animal husbandry as a low-status occupation.

(countable) A native or inhabitant of Mongolia.


Belarusian

Belarusian (countable and uncountable, plural Belarusians)

/ˌbɛləˈɹʌʃən/

/ˌbɛləˈɹuːʃən/

/ˌbɛləˈɹuːʒən/

Belarus

person from Belarus or of Belarusian descent

(uncountable) The Slavic language spoken in Belarus (formerly called White Ruthenia or White Russia).


Egyptian

/ɪˈd͡ʒɪp.ʃən/

From Middle English Egipcien, egyptiane, equivalent to Egypt + -ian. Displaced Old English Egyptisċ.

The Afroasiatic language spoken (and written) in ancient Egypt


Tajik

From Classical Persian تاجیک (tājīk, “non-Turk (of Central Asia)”) (akin to تازی (tāzī), تازیک (tāzīk)), (ultimately) from Middle Persian tʾcyk' (tāzīg, “Arab”), (ultimately) from Arabic طَيِّئ (ṭayyiʔ, “name of an Arab clan”). See Tayy.
Popular folk etymology traces the word to Tajik тоҷ (toj, “crown”) (see Arabic تَاج (tāj), from Persian تاج (tâj, “crown”)), but this is false.

der

True that it would be preferable that you marry a local, a Tajik, but Rasheed is healthy, and interested in you.

2007, Khaled Hosseini, A Thousand Splendid Suns, BLOOMSBURY PUBLISHING (2018), page 48

A person from Tajikistan or of Tajik descent.


Tajik

The Persian dialect spoken in Tajikistan.


Tajik

Of, from, or pertaining to Tajikistan, the Tajik people (living in Tajikistan and Afghanistan) or the Tajiki dialect of Persian.

Tadjiks

of, from, or pertaining to Tajikistan, the Tajik people or the Tajik language


Burmese

Of or relating to Burma (Myanmar) or its people or language.


Burmese

A person from Myanmar or of Burmese descent.

بُورْمِيّ

a person from Myanmar or of Burmese descent


Burmese

The Sino-Tibetan official language of the country Burma. Also known as Myanmar (which is the name preferred by the country's current government).


Pepsi

→ French: pepsi

→ Hindi: पेप्सी (pepsī)

→ Mauritian Creole: pepsi

→ Polish: pepsi

→ Portuguese: Pepsi, pepsi

→ Serbo-Croatian: Pepsi, pepsi

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Pepsi.wav

Originally short for Pepsi-Cola, coined in 1898 as a renaming of the brand from "Brad's Drink", in order to imply that the fizzy drink could cure dyspepsia. While some have suggested Pepsi is short for the digestive enzyme pepsin, sometimes with the assumption that pepsin was used as an ingredient in Pepsi, this is a folk etymology, as there is no official confirmation of it nor any evidence for a link between the enzyme and the beverage.
Nonetheless, both the words pepsin and dyspepsia ultimately derive from Ancient Greek πέψις (pépsis), which means “cooking, fermentation or digestion”. (Compare Italian pepsi, from the same source.)
(person from Quebec): In reference to their supposed love of junk food.

[…] and to maintain a relatively superior, paternalistic position from which French Canadians are for the most part regarded as 'peasoups' or 'Pepsis,' as fellow citizens requiring benevolent supervision […]

1993, Canadian Review of Comparative Literature, volume 20, page 276

(slang, ethnic slur) A person from Quebec, Canada.


Marshallese

From Marshall (“Marshall Islands”) + -ese.

The Austronesian language of the Marshall Islands.


Croatian

/ˌkɹəʊˈeɪ.ʃən/

/ˌkɹoʊˈeɪ.ʃən/

A standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Croats.

Kroaties

the standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian


Assamese

The Indo-Aryan language spoken by the majority people in the state of Assam, NE India.


Bengali

en-noun

Bengali (countable and uncountable, plural Bengalis)

Equivalent to Bengal + -i, borrowed from Bengali বাঙ্গালী (baṅgali). Compare Assamese বঙালী (boṅali), Hindi बंगाली (baṅgālī), Classical Persian بنگالی (bangālī).

bor+

(uncountable) A language spoken in Bangladesh and the states of Assam, Tripura and West Bengal, India.

बंगाली भाषा

baṅgālī bhāṣā

बाङ्गला भाषा

bāṅgalā bhāṣā


Magyar

From Hungarian magyar, from Proto-Ugric *mańćɜ (“man, person”).


Magyar

A Hungarian individual, especially in the sense of an ethnic Hungarian.


entity

From the Medieval Latin entitās, from ēns (“being”) (stem: ent-) + -tās (compare essentia), see there for more information.

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 1. Existence

(science fiction) An alien lifeform that has no corporeal body.


pie-eater

Wiganers do like pies, but the term Pie-eaters is actually an insult, dating back to a pit strike when Wigan miners were starved back to work before their St Helens counterparts, thereby eating humble pie.

2005, The Observer, "Get past the pies and there's a football team", 7 Aug 2005

(derogatory) A person from Wigan in northern England or the surrounding area.


Polynesian

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Polynesian.wav

A language group spoken by these people.


Afar

[...] ethnic groups, the Afars. The majority of the Somali-speaking Issas, the other main group, do support President Hassan Gouled and his RPP, though the Prime Minister, Barkat Gourad is an Afar himself.

Shortly thereafter he broke with Aref and supported independence. Aref was an Afar, and Gouled came from the Issa ethnic group, which for years had been at odds with the Afars.

1995, Neil A. Hamilton, Founders of Modern Nations: A Biographical Dictionary

A member of the people who speak this language and reside in these regions.


frog

From frog legs, stereotypical food of the French. Compare French rosbif (“English person”), from roast beef, corresponding term for the English, likewise based on stereotypical food; and Kraut for Germans.

Yes. Can't trust the frogs.

1982 November 18, Antony Jay, Jonathan Lynn, “The Challenge”, in Yes, Minister, season 3, episode 2, spoken by Humphrey Appleby (Nigel Hawthorne)

(Canada, offensive) A French-speaking person from Quebec.


Sotho

From Sotho, from Sotho -sotho, from Sotho motho.

A Mosotho (“person”); a member of the Basotho (“people”).


Lombard

en-proper noun

Lombard (countable and uncountable, plural Lombards)

From Middle English Lombard, Lumbard, borrowed from Old French Lombard, Lombart (“a Lombard”), from Late Latin langobardus, longobardus (“a Lombard”), from Germanic, derived from the Proto-Germanic elements *langaz + *bardaz; equivalent to long + beard. Some sources derive the second element instead from Proto-Germanic *bardǭ, *barduz (“axe”), related to German Barte (“axe”). Doublet of Langobard. Compare longbeard. Compare with Old English Langbeardas (“Lombards”).

Broadwater County
Broadwater County#English

A ghost town in Broadwater County, Montana, United States, named after A. G. Lombard.


Tswana

From Tswana Tswana, the stem of Motswana/Batswana/Setswana. See Botswana for more.

A Bantu people living in Botswana and South Africa.


Amerindian

en-adj

Amerindian (comparative more Amerindian, superlative most Amerindian)

more Amerindian (comparative)
most Amerindian (superlative)

/ˌæməˈɹɪndɪən/

/ˌæməɹˈɪndiən/

Blend of American + Indian, attested since about 1900.

The Book of Mormon as Amerindian Apocalypse


Amerindian

/ˌæməˈɹɪndɪən/

/ˌæməɹˈɪndiən/

The Amerindians of South America; female Amerindians in Early Modern Spanish theater.


Asturian

The winning entry was a poem written in Asturian, one of the first such in Asturian literature.

2002, M. Teresa Turell, Multilingualism in Spain, page 167

In Asturias/Asturies 18.3% of the respondents said they spoke Asturian always or most of the time with friends[…]

2007, Paolo Coluzzi, Minority language planning and micronationalism in Italy, page 272

A Romance language spoken in Asturias, Spain.

阿斯图里亚斯语

Āsītúlǐyǎsī yǔ


anglo

I'm not an anglo: my grandparents are from Lithuania.

(Southwestern US, informal, sometimes offensive) A North American, especially a white one (regardless of actual ethnicity), whose native language is English (as opposed to Americans who have another native language).


Manx

Altered from Maniske, from assumed Old Norse *manskr, an adjectival form of Mǫn (“Isle of Man”), from Old Irish Mana; compare with Norwegian Bokmål mansk.
Also influenced by Manx Manninagh, an adjectival form of Mannin (“Isle of Man”), Isle of Man; cf Scottish Gaelic Manainneach and Irish Manannach.

(uncountable) A Goidelic language spoken on the Isle of Man.

մեներեն

a Goidelic language spoken on the Isle of Man

the long-haired version of the Manx cat breed


African

Attested as a noun in early New English Aphricane, Africans (plural), Middle English as Affrican, Aufrican and Old English as Africanas (“Africans”) (only plural). From Latin Āfricānae, from Āfricānus, from Āfricus.
The adjective appears in the 16th century, as Affricane, Africane, African.
Latin Āfricus is from Āfri (singular Āfer), the name of an ancient people of North Africa (near Carthage, in modern Tunisia), with the suffix -icus. Africānus is formed by addition of the -ānus suffix.

Africans constitute significantly growing populations not only in major urban centers such as New York, Washington, D.C., Chicago, Los Angeles, Houston, and Atlanta but also in small and midsize cities in states such as Ohio and Maine.

2007, African Immigrant Religions in America

But new research suggests another possibility: all Africans may have ancestry from “West Eurasian” populations which moved back into Africa after the “Out of Africa” event ~50,000 years ago.[…]

2019, Razib Khan, Arabia between Africa and Eurasia

A native of Africa; also one ethnologically belonging to an African race.


Scottish

From Middle English Scottich, from Old English Sċyttisċ, equivalent to Scot + -ish. Compare West Frisian Skotsk (“Scottish”), Dutch Schots (“Scottish”), German schottisch (“Scottish”), Danish skotsk (“Scottish”), Icelandic skoskur (“Scottish”). Doublet of Scotch and Scot.

(uncountable) short for Scottish English, the varieties of English spoken in Scotland.


Celt

From Latin Celtae (singular Celta) from Ancient Greek Κελτοί (Keltoí).
English Celts is from the 17th century. Until the mid 19th century, /sɛlt/ is the only recorded pronunciation. A consciously archaizing pronunciation /kɛlt/ was advocated during Irish and Welsh nationalism beginning in the 1850s.

(historical) A member of one of the ancient peoples of Western Europe called Celtae by the Romans.


Malay

Recorded in English since 1598; from Malay Melayu, from Malayu, a kingdom on Sumatra's eastern coast (today's Jambi), mentioned by the Chinese Monk Yijing as 末羅瑜國 and during the Yuan (1271-1368) and Ming (1368-1644) dynasties as 木剌由, 麻里予兒, 巫來由 and 無來由. The oldest known inscriptions in the Malay language were found at Kedukan Bukit and Talang Tuo, both in the vicinity of Palembang in southern Sumatra, and at Kota Kapur on Bangka island west of Sumatra. They are respectively dated 673, 684 and 686. Exonymous derivation from Malayalam മല (mala, “mountain”) has not been demonstrated.

I heard the Malay fellas talking at the office.

2008, Preeta Samarasan, Evening is the Whole Day, Fourth Estate, page 124

Of or relating to the Malays, a people living in Brunei, on the eastern coast of Sumatra, the islands of Bangka and Belitung, the Riau archipelago and the coastal areas of Kalimantan in Indonesia, in most of Malaysia (states where they are politically dominant), in Singapore and in the southernmost provinces of Thailand.

της Μαλαισίας f (tis Malaisías) (genitive of Malaya)