blue balls

US English, 1910s, blue + balls (“testicles”).

[...] away the flesh and cause ulcers and buboes (blue balls).

It invades lymphatics, is carried to the inguinal lymph nodes, where multiple abscesses, buboes, or "blue balls" appear. A brawny edema of the labia, with deeply penetrating destructive ulcers may occur in the late stages.

1960, Laman Alexander Gray, A Text Book of Gynecology, page 47:

sexually transmitted infection
sexually transmitted infection

(US, dated, slang) Buboes (in a person of any sex) caused by a sexually transmitted infection; the infection that causes them.


muscle memory

en-noun

muscle memory (countable and uncountable, plural muscle memories)

My shadow / Change is coming / Now is my time / Listen to my muscle memory / Contemplate what I've been clinging to / Forty six and two ahead of me

1998, Maynard James Keenan (lyrics and music), “Forty Six & 2”, performed by Tool:

The physiological adaptation of the body to repetition of a specific physical activity, resulting in increased neuromuscular control when performing that activity again.

肌肉記憶 /肌肉记忆

subconscious memorisation of a physical movement


neurophysiology

neurophysiology (usually uncountable, plural neurophysiologies)

This relationship between language and sexuality, oral and genital, has been elaborated in recent research in neurophysiology.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 17:

(physiology, neuroscience) The branch of physiology that deals with the nervous system.


action potential

action potential (plural action potentials)

Even some single-celled organisms have action potentials.

2016, Peter Godfrey-Smith, Other Minds, William Collins, published 2018, page 23:

(physiology) A short-term change in the electrical potential that travels along a cell such as a nerve or muscle fiber.


normoxia

(physiology) The condition of having a normal level of oxygen in the tissues.


trabeculation

(physiology) The formation of trabeculae


ionotropy

(physiology) The regulation of neurotransmitters or cell receptors by ion channels


thermolysis

(physiology) The dissipation of heat from the body, especially by evaporation or radiation


reabsorption

reabsorption (countable and uncountable, plural reabsorptions)

(physiology) The subsequent absorption of a secreted substance.


chemesthesis

(physiology) Any sensation produced when a chemical compound activates a particular receptor.


pericyte

Since 1873, when Rouget regarded pericytes as contractile elements (Rouget 1874), the discussion concerning this ability has never ceased. Pericytes are likely to respond to vasoactive molecules such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin, angiotensin II, and endothelin-1, because they express respective receptors (Dehouck et al., 1997, Chakravarthy and Gardiner, 1999, Healy and Wilk, 1993).

2007, Martin Krũger, Ingo Bechmann, “Pericytes”, in Thomas E. Lane, Monica Carson, Conni Bergmann, Tony Wyss-Coray, editors, Central Nervous System Diseases and Inflammation, page 39:

2008, Frederick Pfister, Yuxi Feng, Hans-Peter Hammes, Pericyte Loss in the Diabetic Retina, Elia Duh, Diabetic Retinopathy, Humana Press, page 249,
However, due to the morphological similarities of rodent retinal capillary endothelial cells and pericytes, markers allowing for the distinction of retinal capillary cells were crucial for quantitative analysis.

This vessel is assembled by mesonephros-derived endothelial stem cells and subsequently becomes stabilized by pericytes. The pericytes are either produced by the endothelial stem cells or acquired from pericyte progenitors located close by, presumably representing reticular stroma components of the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region known to contain a large number of different stem cell types.

2009, Michail S. Davidoff, Ralf Middendorff, Dieter Müller, Adolf F. Holstein, The Neuroendocrine Leydig Cells and their Stem Cell Progenitors, the Pericytes, Springer, page 106:

(biology, physiology) A type of mesenchymal cell which in aggregation forms a contractile wrapping around a capillary.


premotor

(physiology) Describing the interval between the arrival of a stimulus and the first changes in a muscle.


enterohepatic

(physiology) Of or pertaining to both the liver and the intestine

enterohepaattinen

of or pertaining to both liver and intestines


osteogenesis

osteogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural osteogeneses)

(physiology) The formation and development of bone.


VOR

VOR (countable and uncountable, plural VORs)

vestibulo-ocular reflex
w:vestibulo-ocular reflex

(physiology) Initialism of vestibulo-ocular reflex, a reflex eye movement.


osteoclast

From osteo- (“bone”) + -clast (“break”).

Inhibition of osteoclast activation and differentiation is an effective strategy for blocking bone resorption.

2022, Yajing Yang, Zhipeng Zeng, with Lei Yuan, Hong Cao, Jianmin Guo, and Xuchang Zhou, “Application and Molecular Mechanisms of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteoporosis”, in Current issues in molecular biology, volume 44, number 12, →DOI:

(physiology, cytology) A large multinuclear cell associated with the resorption of bone.


electrophysiology

(physiology) The branch of physiology that studies the electrical activity of organisms.

電生理學 /电生理学

the branch of physiology that studies the electrical activity of organisms


interaural

(physiology) Describing the differences between the reception of sound (especially timing and intensity) by each ear


phonotaxis

(physiology) The ability to move in an orientation with respect to a source of sound


hold one's water

en-verb

hold one's water (third-person singular simple present holds one's water, present participle holding one's water, simple past and past participle held one's water)

holds one's water (present singular third-person)
holding one's water (participle present)
held one's water (participle past)
held one's water (past)

[…] and if there is much oozing of blood, the application of ice to the penis. The patient is then instructed to hold his water as long as possible.

1877, Shirley Bragg MD, “Structure of the Male Urethra, with Report of Cases,”, in Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal, Volume 14, pages 645–6:

(physiology, dated) To restrain one's urge to urinate.


phrenic

en-adj

phrenic (comparative more phrenic, superlative most phrenic)

more phrenic (comparative)
most phrenic (superlative)

From New Latin phrenicus, from Ancient Greek φρήν (phrḗn, “diaphragm”).

(physiology) Relating to the mind or mental activity


CVR

cerebrovascular resistance
cerebrovascular resistance#English

(physiology) Initialism of cerebrovascular resistance.


sensorium

en-noun

sensorium (plural sensoriums or sensoria)

From Late Latin sensōrium, from Latin sentiō (“feel, perceive”) + Latin -ōrium (suffix denoting a place for a particular function).

der

[…]in all injuries of the spine whereby a communication with the sensorium is cut off, it is the parts below the injury which are deprived of sensation, while those above retain their sensibility.

1820, Henry Matthews, chapter VIII, in The Diary of an Invalid, London: John Murray, page 231:

(physiology) The central part of a nervous system that receives and coordinates all stimuli.


vasomodulation

(physiology) The neuronal regulation of blood flow


myogenic

en-adj

myogenic (comparative more myogenic, superlative most myogenic)

more myogenic (comparative)
most myogenic (superlative)

/mʌɪəˈdʒɛnɪk/

From myo- + -genic, after French myogénique.

Gaskell, using frogs' hearts, proved that the heartbeat was, as Haller had suggested, of myogenic origin.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 558:

(physiology, medicine) Originating in muscle tissue; specifically, pertaining to contractile activity that is produced by the muscles independent of any neural mechanism.


ryanodine

en-noun

ryanodine (countable and uncountable, plural ryanodines)

(biochemistry, physiology) A poisonous alkaloid which occurs in the stems of the tropical American shrub Ryania speciosa (family Flacourtiaceae) and has been used as an insecticide and in experimental studies of calcium release within cells.


anorectal

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the anus and the rectum.

anorektal

of or pertaining to the anus and the rectum


interburst

(neurology, physiology) Occurring between neural bursts, such as in an epileptic seizure


neuroendocrine

a neuroendocrine cancer

(physiology, pathology) pertaining to the nervous system and endocrine system together


ELT

euglobulin lysis time
euglobulin lysis time#English

(medicine, physiology) Initialism of euglobulin lysis time.


synostosis

synostosis (countable and uncountable, plural synostoses)

From syn- + Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon, “bone”) + -osis.

(physiology) The fusion of adjacent bones by the growth of a bony material


smell test

hajukoe

physiology: assessment of the sense of smell

Although scientists have yet to pin down any biological basis for cigarette smokers' impaired performance on the smell test, Doty says he suspects that certain chemicals in smoke . . . damage the olfactory receptor cells in the nose.

1990, K. A. Fackelmann, “Smokers Suffer from Impaired Smell”, in Science News, volume 137, number 9, page 134:

(physiology) An assessment of a subject's ability to detect and distinguish odors.


nose test

Suggesting the identification of something by how it smells.

Near-synonym: smell test

The pollen blocker cream appeared to help; after using the cream, people did better on the nose test.

2004 November 8, Helen Fields, “Rub your nose in it”, in U.S. News & World Report, retrieved 2009-02-07:

(physiology) An inspection of the nasal passages or a trial of their function, as for breathing difficulties or olfactory ability.


haematocrit

(British spelling, physiology) Alternative spelling of hematocrit


sudation

sudation (usually uncountable, plural sudations)


allocrine

en-adj

allocrine (comparative more allocrine, superlative most allocrine)

more allocrine (comparative)
most allocrine (superlative)

From Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos) + κρίνω (krínō, “separate”). First attested in the late 20th century.

(physiology) Relating to or denoting foreign hormones being taken up and eliciting a response in an organism (for example, hormones in breast milk.)


sociophysiology

(sociology, physiology) An interdisciplinary field of research encompassing sociology and physiology


afterload

(physiology) The load on a working muscle from a constant opposing force


RRP

relative refractory period
w:relative refractory period

(countable, physiology) Initialism of relative refractory period.


calcemia

en-noun

calcemia (countable and uncountable, plural calcemias)

calcemias (plural)
calcaemia (alternative)

(physiology, especially in combination) The presence of calcium in the blood, and (usually, especially) the degree (that is, its concentration).

natremia

types of biometallic cation concentration in blood


kalemia

Patients with renal insufficiency following trauma present special problems in management because clinical uremia, high levels of azotemia and kalemia, and myocardial potassium intoxication develop rapidly.

1955 February 27, Lloyd H. Smith, Jr., “Post-traumatic Renal Insufficiency in Military Casualties”, in The American Journal of Medicine, volume 18, number 2, II. Management, Use of an Artificial Kidney, Prognosis, page 187:

One of the criteria of efficiency is the reversal of these potassium movements, with decrease of kalemia and increase of the intra-cellular cation, expressing a recovery of ATPase activity.

1982, Veterinary and Human Toxicology, page 67:

Various factors influence the effects of hyper and hypokalemia on the heart: the rate of the change in kalemia levels, the plasmatic concentration of remaining ions which contribute to the cell Em, and the simultaneous use of drugs.

2012, C. Ronco, Critical Care Nephrology:

(physiology, especially in combination) The presence of potassium in the blood, and (usually, especially) the degree (that is, its concentration).


natremia

natremia (usually uncountable, plural natremias)

(physiology, especially in combination) The presence of sodium in the blood, and (usually, especially) the degree (that is, its concentration).


vasoactive

en-adj

vasoactive (comparative more vasoactive, superlative most vasoactive)

more vasoactive (comparative)
most vasoactive (superlative)

(physiology, medicine) Active on vessel walls, that is, causing either constriction or dilation of a blood vessel, thus affecting hemodynamics (blood flow). Vasoactive substances may be endogenous (for example, endogenous angiotensin, vasopressin, or epinephrine) or exogenous (for example, pharmaceutical vasopressin or epinephrine).

vasoactif

that causes either constriction or dilation of a blood vessel


magnesemia

From magnes(ium) + -emia or magnes(io)- + -emia.

(physiology, especially in combination) The presence of magnesium in the blood, and (usually, especially) the degree (that is, its concentration).

magnésémie

the presence of magnesium ions in the blood


bodily function

en-noun

bodily function (plural bodily functions)

(physiology) A normal physical process that occurs in the body.


forebody

From Middle English forebodi, forbody, equivalent to fore- + body.


vergence

vergence (countable and uncountable, plural vergences)

From verge (“tend, incline”, from Latin vergere) + -ence, synonym of earlier (1660s) vergency (the equivalent of French vergence). Coined as a technical term in ophthalmology, as a hypernym of convergence and divergence, in 1902. The sense of the numeric quantity in geometric optics was introduced, from use of the term in physiological optics, in the 1920s.

af

from Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">vergere</i>

(physiology) The simultaneous turning of both eyes when focusing.


anoxybiosis

(physiology) A biological response triggered by a lack of oxygen in which an organism takes in water and becomes turgid and immobile; possibly a form of cryptobiosis.


phago-

From Byzantine Greek φᾰγ- (phăg-), perfective stem of ἔφᾰγον (éphăgon, “I ate, I devoured”), singular first-person aorist active indicative form (by suppletion) of ἐσθῐ́ω (esthĭ́ō, “to eat, devour, consume”).

(physiology) Of or pertaining to the phagocyte.


muscle tone

(physiology) The continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles, which helps maintain posture.

肌張力 /肌张力

the continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles


nidal

(rare, physiology) Of the uterus, exhibiting thickening before implantation of an ovum.


arterio-contractile

/ɑːˌtɪəɹɪəʊkənˈtɹæktaɪl/

From arteri- + -o- + contractile. Coined by English physiologist Marshall Hall in 1832 in the paper “Theory of the inverse Ratio which subsists between Respiration and Irritability in the Animal Kingdom”. Despite the initial uptake of this term, it failed to thrive, and is unattested beyond 1835, a mere three years after its coining.

coinage

From the facts detailed by Harvey, Goodwyn and others, which establish that in asphyxia the left ventricle of the heart ceases to contract before the right ventricle, the author infers that the irritability of the latter is greater than that of the former; and proposes to distinguish the first as arterio-contractile, and the latter as veno-contractile, from the circumstance of their being stimulated respectively by arterial and by venous blood.

1832, “Proceedings of the Royal Society”, in The Philosophical Magazine, volume 11, page 454:

In fact, in the midst of a suspended respiration, and an impared condition of some other functions, one vital property is augmented. This is the irritability, and especially the irritability of the left side of the heart. The left side of the heart, which is, in the hybernating animal, in its state of activity, as in all the other mammalia, only arterio-contractile, becomes veno-contractile.

1833, “On Hybernation”, in The London Medical and Physical Journal, volume 69, number 79, page 58:

Goodwyn conceived that the heart ceased to act because the left side, being only arterio-contractile, was incapable of being stimulated by venous blood; but this idea was fully disproved by the experiments of Bichat, which render it certain that the blood stimulates the ventricles not by its quality, but by its bulk. (Goodwyn on the Connex. of Life with Resp. pp. 82, 83; and Bichat, Sur la Vie et la Mort.)

1835, James Frederick Palmer, editor, The Works of John Hunter, F.R.S.: with notes, volume 3, page 78, footnote a:

(physiology, obsolete) Undergoing contraction due to stimulation by arterial blood.


chemoreflex

(physiology) A reflex in response to a chemical stimulus


cupremia

(physiology, especially in combination) The presence of copper (Cu) in the blood, and (usually, especially) the degree (that is, its concentration).


oxaluria

(physiology, medicine) The presence of oxalic acid and oxalate in the urine (which is often true, in some amount or other).

en:any degree of oxalate in the urine
en:excess oxalate in the urine

(physiology, medicine) The presence of excess oxalic acid and oxalate in the urine (as can happen with an oxalate-rich diet and/or metabolic problems).


con-sensual

Emotional sensibility, he thinks, induces its own reactions upon the muscular system, independently of the movements denominated con-sensual.

1854, “Review”, in Journal of psychological medicine, volume 7, Three Lectures on the Correlation of Psychology and Physiology, by Daniel Noble, M.D., page 515:

(physiology) Occurring simultaneously, or almost so, with sensory perception.


vasoconstrictive

en-adj

vasoconstrictive (comparative more vasoconstrictive, superlative most vasoconstrictive)

more vasoconstrictive (comparative)
most vasoconstrictive (superlative)

(physiology, pharmacology) That causes vasoconstriction


arterialization

(physiology) The conversion of venous blood into arterial blood (by absorption of oxygen in the lungs, gas exchange, and reoxygenation).

arterialização

the conversion of venous blood into arterial blood


dyshomeostasis

(physiology) An imbalance or other breakdown of a homeostasis system


erythrogenesis

(physiology) the production of erythrocytes


holoreceptor

(biochemistry, physiology) A complete receptor whose subunits are capable of transducing intracellular signals


parthanatos

Blend of PAR + Thanatos (“Greek personification of death”)

blend

Our results suggest that excessive activation of PARP-1 leads to an intrinsic cell death program, which we designate as parthanatos to distinguish from necrosis and apoptosis.

2006, Seong-Woon Yu, “Apoptosis-inducing factor mediates poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymer-induced cell death”, in PNAS, volume 103, number 48:

Also, the lack of knowledge of mechanisms of calpain activation in parthanatos makes it difficult to identify calpain as PAR-dependent mediators of AIF release.

2008, Gary E. Gibson, Mitochondria and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Disorders:

The biochemical features of parthanatos are distinct from classically defined pathways of cell death, and include rapid PARP-1 activation, early PAR accumulation, mitochondrial depolarization, early nuclear AIF translocation, loss of cellular NAD and ATP, and late caspase activation.

2010, Denson G. Fujikawa, Acute Neuronal Injury: The Role of Excitotoxic Programmed Cell Death Mechanisms:

(physiology) A form of apoptosis associated with PARP.


reendothelialization

(physiology) The regrowth of endothelial tissue following damage


tubulogenesis

(physiology) The formation of tubules in epithelial or endothelial cells


vasculoprotection

(physiology) The protection of the vascular system from damage


vasculoprotective

en-adj

vasculoprotective (comparative more vasculoprotective, superlative most vasculoprotective)

more vasculoprotective (comparative)
most vasculoprotective (superlative)

(physiology) That protects the vascular system from damage


somatotropic

somatotropic (comparative more somatotropic, superlative most somatotropic)

more somatotropic (comparative)
most somatotropic (superlative)

(physiology) That stimulates body growth


nitrosative stress

en-noun

nitrosative stress (countable and uncountable, plural nitrosative stresses)

(physiology) The reaction of body tissues to nitric oxide, nitrous oxide or similar species at levels greater than can be neutralized.


sphygm-

From the Ancient Greek σφυγμός (sphugmós, “pulse”), from σφύζω (sphúzō, “I beat”, “I throb”).

uder

(medicine and physiology) pulse, pulsation (of blood delivered by the beating heart)


dicrotic

From Ancient Greek δίκροτος (díkrotos, “double-beating”) + -ic, from δύο (dúo, “two”) + κρότος (krótos, “beat”).

af

dicrotic notch of aortic pressure

(physiology, medicine) Denoting a pulse in which a double beat is detectable for each beat of the heart.


hemisystole

(physiology) The contraction of the left ventricle alternating with that of the right ventricle, instead of both contracting together


nidation

en-noun

nidation (countable and uncountable, plural nidations)

(physiology) The implantation of the early embryo in the uterus


axipetal

en-adj

axipetal (comparative more axipetal, superlative most axipetal)

more axipetal (comparative)
most axipetal (superlative)

A general law has been laid down by van Gehuchten and Cajal, that all nerve impulses are axipetal, that is, they pass towards the attachment of the axon, by which they leave the body of the cell.

1905, William Senhouse Kirkes, Handbook of Physiology, page 204:


vermiculation

en-noun

vermiculation (countable and uncountable, plural vermiculations)

Borrowed from Latin vermiculātiōnem, from vermiculor (“to be worm-eaten, to be wormy”) + -tiō (suffix forming nouns relating to actions or the results of actions) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-tis (suffix forming abstract or action nouns from verb roots)). The Latin verb is from vermis (“worm”) (from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥mis (“worm”), possibly from *wer- (“to turn”)).

der

When a patient dies on the fourth, fifth or sixth day, the cause is traumatic peritonitis. Lack of food, sleep and rest, is exhausting, but the poisoning of ferments—exudates and effusions in the peritoneal cavity—determines the fatal issue. Knuckles of intestines become agglutinated and held rigid. The normal and necessary vermiculation is cut off. At an autopsy the folds of the intestines seem glued together, as do the cerebral convolutions in brain fever. From such agglutination there is no relief—no method of cure. The injection of warm water and free manipulation of the bowels with the hand, is the only method of diluting the gluey exudates, and exciting normal vermiculation.

1890, Andrew Jackson Howe, “Ovariotomy”, in Operative Gynæcology, Cincinnati, Oh.: Robert Clarke & Co., →OCLC, section XI (Abdominotomy), pages 240–241:

Deficiency of vital energy, characterized as "gastrointestinal weakness," is a functional decrease of digestive absorption; i.e., insufficient secretion of peptic fluid, loss of appetite due to decrease of gastrointestinal vermiculation, […]

1991, International Journal of Oriental Medicine, volume 16, number 1, Long Beach, Calif.: OHAI Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 46:

(physiology, dated) Peristalsis (“wave-like contraction of the digestive tract, resembling the movement of a worm”).


antihormonal

(physiology) Of or pertaining to antihormones


interarm

(physiology) Between arms (used especially to describe the difference in measured blood pressure when measured in each arm).


natriuresis

From international scientific vocabulary, from New Latin, from natr- + -i- + -uresis; those combining forms are ultimately from New Latin natrium (“sodium”) + Ancient Greek οὔρησις (oúrēsis, “a making water”).

af

(physiology) excretion of sodium in the urine.


regenerome

“Liver Physiome” will include metabolome, toxicome, pharmacome, and regenerome, which correspond to the proteomic basis of the main hepatic physiological functions such as metabolism, detoxication, pharmacokinetics, and regeneration, respectively.

2005, He Fuchu, “Human Liver Proteome Project: Plan, Progress, and Perspectives”, in Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, volume 4, number 12:

Only now have new genetic, molecular and cellular technologies as well as scientific knowledge of the salamander, mouse and human genomes and ‘regeneromes’ risen to a level where scientists can compare systemwide responses to injury.

2009, “$2.4 million stimulus fuels effort to regenerate injured spinal cords”, in University of Florida News, archived from the original on 2012-12-15:

All this might explain why the salamander regenerome continues to fascinate researchers (for regenerative medicine, see Brody, 2016, Willyard, 2016.)

2018 December, Mihai Nadin, “Redefining medicine from an anticipatory perspective”, in Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology, volume 140:

(biochemistry, physiology) the totality of the regeneration functions of an organ (especially of the liver)


oestrum

en-noun

oestrum (countable and uncountable, plural oestrums)


capillarogenesis

(physiology) The formation and development of capillaries


carcinoembryonic

(medicine, physiology) Describing any material (but especially a glycoprotein) that is present in patients with some cancers and also in healthy fetuses


neuromics

(physiology) The identification of the totality of the neurons in an organism


nutriphenomics

(physiology) The study of the interactions between nutrition and a person’s phenome.


urinomics

(physiology) The identification of the totality of the constituents of the urine of an organism


neuroimmunomodulation

neuroimmunomodulation (usually uncountable, plural neuroimmunomodulations)

(immunology, physiology) The effects of the nervous system upon the immune system


urodynamics

(physiology) The (study of the) dynamics of the flow of urine through the urinary tract


baroreflex

(physiology) Any reflex that results from stimulation of a baroreceptor


sympathovagal

sympathetic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system

(physiology) Describing any interaction between the sympathetic nervous system and the vagus nerve


angiopoiesis

(physiology) the formation of blood vessels


transneuronal

(anatomy, physiology) Between or across neurons


transplacental

(anatomy, physiology) Through or across the placenta


aggresome

(physiology) A proteinaceous inclusion body that forms when cellular degradation machinery is impaired or overwhelmed


angiostasis

(physiology) The normal regulation of the creation of new blood vessels


hemolymphoid

(physiology) Of or pertaining to blood and lymph


hyperdynamic

en-adj

hyperdynamic (comparative more hyperdynamic, superlative most hyperdynamic)

more hyperdynamic (comparative)
most hyperdynamic (superlative)

(physiology) Describing an increase in both blood pressure and pulse pressure


erectogenic

erectogenic (comparative more erectogenic, superlative most erectogenic)

more erectogenic (comparative)
most erectogenic (superlative)

(physiology) That causes erection (of erectile tissue)


parabiosis

en-noun

parabiosis (countable and uncountable, plural parabioses)

Parabiosis is the condition of more than one living organism joined ..., with ... circulatory fluids being exchanged among the parabionts.

2019, Ed. B. Parekkadan et al., Stem Cell Bioengineering:

2017 Cosima in "Manacled Slim Wrists", Orphan Black
Mud, parabiosis means that he is processing young blood and transfusing it.

(physiology) The (natural or surgical) union of parts of two organisms, especially in such a way as to cause them to share their vascular systems. Organisms so joined then are called parabionts.


arterialize

en-verb

arterialize (third-person singular simple present arterializes, present participle arterializing, simple past and past participle arterialized)

arterializes (present singular third-person)
arterializing (participle present)
arterialized (participle past)
arterialized (past)

(physiology) To convert venous blood into arterial blood (by the absorption of oxygen in the lungs)

arterializar

to convert venous blood into arterial blood


perceptuomotor

(physiology) Describing the movement of a limb in response to a perception; especially describing the ability to reach towards an object that is being looked at


perigastrulation

(physiology) Occurring around the time of gastrulation


osteotropic

en-adj

osteotropic (comparative more osteotropic, superlative most osteotropic)

more osteotropic (comparative)
most osteotropic (superlative)

(pharmacology, physiology) Describing any drug etc. that is attracted to, and targets bone


ebullism

Acute hypoxia, possibly aggravated by ebullism (the vaporization of body fluids at ambient pressures below 47 mm Hg), may always be a major potential medical emergency in space.

1972, National Academy of Sciences, Human Factors in Long-duration Spaceflight, page 51:

The ebullism syndrome arises when an individual is exposed to an ambient pressure that is less than the vapor pressure of body fluids at normothermic temperature, about 6kPa [197]. Whereas DCS is primarily characterized by the formation in tissues of the gas phase of inert gas, ebullism is characterized by the formation of the gas phase of water.

2008, William T. Norfleet, “11: Decompression-Related Disorders: Decompression Sickness, Arterial Gas Embolism, and Ebullism Syndrome”, in Michael R. Barratt, Sam Lee Pool, editors, Principles of Clinical Medicine for Space Flight, page 240:

Exposure to 63 000 feet introduces the additional hazard of ebullism. At this altitude, ambient pressure (47mmHg, 6.25 kPa) equals the saturated vapour pressure of water at body temperature (37°C) and spontaneous boiling and degassing of bodily fluids and tissues will occur (ebullism).

2013, Jane Risdall, “50: Clinical managemement of decompression illness”, in Michael Robertson, Garry Walter, editors, Ethics and Mental Health: The Patient, Profession and Community, page 758:

(physiology) The formation of bubbles of gas in biological fluids due to reduced environmental pressure.

ebullismo

formation of gas bubbles in bodily fluids at low pressure


electrocortical

(physiology) Of or relating to the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex


cerebral localisation

en-noun

cerebral localisation (plural cerebral localisations)

cerebral localization
cerebral localization#English

(physiology) Alternative spelling of cerebral localization


A.C.

A.C. (countable and uncountable, plural A.C.s)


auxotonic

en-adj

auxotonic (comparative more auxotonic, superlative most auxotonic)

more auxotonic (comparative)
most auxotonic (superlative)

From auxo- (“increase, growth”) + tonic.

(physiology) Of or involving muscular contraction against resistance in which the length of the muscle changes and the tension differs due to an increasing load or difference in leverage.


dyssynergia

en-noun

dyssynergia (usually uncountable, plural dyssynergias)

dyssynergias (plural)
dysynergia (alternative)
dyssynergy (alternative)

(physiology) Failure of parts of the anatomy to work together correctly


acrophase

The acrophase of the metabolic process ran from shortly mid-morning until sunset, with the peak amplitude recorded in mid-afternoon.

(physiology) The time period in a cycle during which the cycle crests or peaks, especially the upper part of a sine wave fitted to a measurement of a circadian pattern or other biological rhythm.


bathyphase

The bathyphase of the metabolic process ran from late evening until shortly after the subject awoke, with the lowest point recorded in at three o'clock in the morning.

(physiology) The time period in a cycle during which the cycle is low, especially the lower part of a sine wave fitted to a measurement of a circadian pattern or other biological rhythm.


antitonic

en-adj

antitonic (comparative more antitonic, superlative most antitonic)

more antitonic (comparative)
most antitonic (superlative)

(physiology) That reduces muscular or vascular tonus


-pnea

Representing -πνοια (-pnoia), the common terminal element of the Ancient Greek ἄπνοια (ápnoia, “apnea”), δύσπνοια (dúspnoia, “dyspnea”), εὔπνοια (eúpnoia, “eupnea”), ὀρθόπνοια (orthópnoia, “orthopnea”), etc, from πνέω (pnéō, “I blow”) and πνοή (pnoḗ, “breath, breathing”).


secern

en-verb

secern (third-person singular simple present secerns, present participle secerning, simple past and past participle secerned)

secerns (present singular third-person)
secerning (participle present)
secerned (participle past)
secerned (past)
secern (infinitive)

PIE word
 *swé
Learned borrowing from Latin sēcernere, the present active infinitive of sēcernō (“to put apart, divide, separate, sever, sunder; (figuratively) to disjoin, dissociate, part; to discern, distinguish; to exclude, pull aside, set aside, reject”), from sē- (prefix meaning ‘apart; aside; away’) + cernō (“to divide, separate; to distinguish, sift; to perceive, see; to comprehend, discern, regard, understand; to decide”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *krey- (“to divide, separate, sift”)).
Senses 1.3 and 2.2 (“synonym of secrete”) derive from the use of the Latin word sēcernere to translate Ancient Greek ἀποκρίνειν (apokrínein), the active infinitive participle of ἀποκρίνω (apokrínō, “to set apart, separate; to choose; to reject on inquiry; to answer, reply”).

der

[T]he joint-glands themſelves grovv rigid, and ſecern leſs of their proper humour. Hence vvhen the gout falls upon people in years, it proves very ſevere, for vvant of a neceſſary quantity of that oleaginous matter to extinguiſh it.

1734, William Stukeley, “Part II”, in Of the Gout; […], London, Dublin: […] Theo. Jones […], published 1735, →OCLC, page 25:

A friend of mine, vvhen he vvas painfully fatigued by riding on horſeback, vvas accuſtomed to call up ideas into his mind, vvhich uſed to excite his anger or indignation, and thus for a time at leaſt relieved the pain of fatigue. By this temporary inſanity, the effect of the voluntary povver upon the vvhole of his ſyſtem was increaſed; as in the caſes of dropſy above mentioned, it vvould appear, that the increaſed action of the voluntary faculty of the ſenſorium affected the abſorbent ſyſtem, as vvell as the ſecerning one.

1794, Erasmus Darwin, “Sect[ion] XXXIV. Diseases of Volition.”, in Zoonomia; or, The Laws of Organic Life, volume I, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, page 435:

(physiology, archaic) Synonym of secrete (“to extract or separate (a substance) from the blood, etc., for excretion or for the fulfilling of a physiological function”)

secrete

[…] Birds bee commonly better Meat than Beaſts, becauſe their Fleſh doth aſſimilate more finely, and ſecerneth more ſubtilly.

1631, Francis [Bacon], “VII. Century. [Experiment Solitary Touching Pilosity and Plumage.]”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC, paragraph 680, page 166:

(physiology, rare) To secrete a substance.


postmovement

Tsujimoto and Sawaguchi (2005) concluded that each neuron's postmovement activity was significantly modulated by the directional preference, the reward outcome, and the specific task category.


axopetal

en-adj

axopetal (comparative more axopetal, superlative most axopetal)

more axopetal (comparative)
most axopetal (superlative)


zootrophic

(physiology) Of or pertaining to the nourishment of animals.


sphygmic

From Latin sphygmicus, from Ancient Greek σφυγμικός (sphugmikós), from σφυγμός (sphugmós, “pulse”), whence sphygm-.

(physiology, rare) Of or pertaining to the circulatory pulse.


fight-or-flight

All the coordinated physiological responses that the sympathetic nervous system initiates in response to stress or other emergency situations.

اَلْكَرّ أَوْ اَلْفَرّ

physiological response to stress or emergency situations


lacrimal apparatus

en-noun

lacrimal apparatus (plural lacrimal apparatuses)

(anatomy, physiology, ophthalmology) The system containing the orbital structures for the production and drainage of tear.


death erection

A post-mortem priapism observed in the corpses of human males who have been executed, particularly by hanging.


aganglionic

aganglionic rectum

aganglionic segment of the colon


disassimilative

en-adj

disassimilative (comparative more disassimilative, superlative most disassimilative)

more disassimilative (comparative)
most disassimilative (superlative)

1888-1889, John Gray McKendrick, A Text Book of Physiology
Disassimilative processes constitute a marked feature in the life of animal cells.

(physiology) Having power to disassimilate; of the nature of disassimilation.


nervimotion

(physiology) The movement caused in the sensory organs by external agents and transmitted to the muscles by the nerves.


nummulation

A marked peculiarity of these bodies is their tendency to cohere immediately after the blood is drawn, thus forming Schultze's grannule-masses, and this process is analogous to the nummulation of the red corpuscules.

1886 William Osler, “Cartwright Lectures on Certain Problems in the Physiology of the Blood,” Lecture 1, in Gaillard’s Medical Journal Volume 42

Examples of the other blood coagulation system measurement items include coagulation of blood (blood clotting), …, nummulation of red blood cells, blood aggregation, …, and fibrinolysis.

2019, Aya Murata et al., United States Patent Application Pub. No. 2019/0049428 A1

(physiology, rare) The arrangement of the red blood corpuscles in rouleaux, like piles of coins, as when a drop of human blood is examined under the microscope.


osteogenetic

osteogenetic fibre

the osteogenetic layer of the periosteum

osteogenetic sarcoma

osteogenetic cell

osteogenetic tissue

(physiology) Connected with osteogenesis, or the formation of bone.


tricrotic

tricrotic (comparative more tricrotic, superlative most tricrotic)

more tricrotic (comparative)
most tricrotic (superlative)

(physiology) Of or pertaining to tricrotism; characterized by tricrotism.


uriniparous

the uriniparous tubes in the cortical portion of the kidney

(physiology) Producing or preparing urine.


luteo-

(physiology) Relating to the corpus luteum


spiroscope

From Latin spirare (“to breathe”) + -scope.

(historical, physiology) A wet meter used to determine the breathing capacity of the lungs.


nervomuscular

nervomuscular energy

(physiology) Of or pertaining to both nerves and muscles.


myodynamics

(physiology) The part of physiology that deals with the principles of muscular contraction.


poikilocyte

(physiology) An irregularly-shaped red blood cell.


myelogenic

myelogenic leukemia

myelogenic tumor

(physiology) Derived from, or pertaining to, the bone marrow.


biliation

(physiology) The production and/or excretion of bile.


osteogen

en-noun

osteogen (usually uncountable, plural osteogens)

(physiology) The soft tissue, or substance, which, in developing bone, ultimately undergoes ossification.


kinesodic

(physiology) Conveying motion; applied especially to the spinal cord, because it is capable of conveying both voluntary and reflex motor impulses while not being responsive to them.


excitosecretory

excitosecretory nerve

excitosecretory system

(physiology) Triggering secretion; said of the influence exerted by reflex action on the function of secretion, by which the various glands are activated.


peptogen

(physiology) Any substance convertible into peptone.


ophthalmometer

(physiology) An instrument for measuring the size of a reflected image on the convex surface of the cornea and lens of the eye, by which their curvature can be ascertained.


oncometer

(physiology) An instrument for measuring the variations in size of the internal organs of the body.


electromuscular

(physiology) Pertaining to the response (typically a contraction) of the muscles under electricity.


epiperipheral

1870-1880, Herbert Spencer, Principles of Psychology
On comparing these three great orders of feelings , we found that whereas the epiperipheral are relational to a very great extent , the entoperipheral , and still more the central , have but small aptitudes for entering into relations.

(physiology) Connected with, or having its origin upon, the external surface of the body; especially applied to the feelings that originate at the extremities of nerves, as for example when touching an object with the finger.


insalivation

There is an important difference between rapid and thorough digestion. In a similar way, a high temperature of our food facilitates deglutition, but, by dispensing with insalivation and the proper use of our teeth, we make the stomach perform the work of our jaws and salivary glands; in other words, we make our food less digestible.

1881 January 27, Felix Leopold Oswald, “Physical Education I”, in Popular Science Monthly, volume 18:

(physiology, dated) The mixing of food with saliva during mastication.


cardioinhibitory

cardioinhibitory response

vagal cardioinhibitory fibers

cardioinhibitory centre

(physiology) restraining or limiting the heart's action.


chylous

en-adj

chylous (comparative more chylous, superlative most chylous)

more chylous (comparative)
most chylous (superlative)

chylous ascites

(physiology) Consisting of, or similar to, chyle.


neurility

en-noun

neurility (usually uncountable, plural neurilities)

This property is stimulated into activity by the Neurility of the nerves, but is not stimulated by those mechanical irritations which suffice to stimulate the nerves.

1859, George Henry Lewes, Physiology of Common Life, volume 2:

(obsolete, physiology) The special properties and functions of the nerves; the nervous capacity for transmitting a stimulus.


leucocytogenesis

(physiology) The formation of leucocytes.


endostosis

endostosis (countable and uncountable, plural endostoses)

From New Latin endostosis. By surface analysis, endo- + ostosis.

(physiology) A process of bone formation in which ossification takes place within the substance of the cartilage.


spermatogenous

spermatogenous cell

spermatogenous filament

spermatogenous thread


thermosystaltic

(physiology, rare) Influenced in its contraction by heat or cold; said of a muscle.


optogram

The bleaching of visual purple is limited to the area exposed to light, so that an optogram or image of the luminous object, such as a window, can be obtained.

1924, John Herbert Parsons, An Introduction to the Study of Colour Vision, page 16:

The study of optograms caught the imagination of the public as well as the scientific community. Some scientifically minded sleuths hoped that the optograms of murder victims might betray their killers!

2001, Stanley Finger, Origins of Neuroscience: A History of Explorations Into Brain Function, page 82:

What Dantin, Ginory, and Bernardet do not know—that is, the true facts about the killer's identity and the source of Dantin's image—will come not from the material evidence of the optogram, but from the vagaries of chance, as Bernardet's flânerie allows him to stumble on both Dantin's portrait and the true killer himself.

2006, Andrea Goulet, Optiques: The Science of the Eye and the Birth of Modern French Fiction, page 183:

(physiology) An image of external objects fixed on the retina by the photochemical action of light on rhodopsi.

optogramme

image of external objects fixed on the retina by the photochemical action of light on the visual purple


mucigen

mucigen (countable and uncountable, plural mucigens)

(physiology) A substance formed in mucous epithelial cells that gives rise to mucin.


sphygmophone

Ancient Greek [Term?], from words meaning "pulse" and "sound".

(physiology) An electrical instrument for determining by ear the rhythm of the pulse of a person at a distance.


phrenograph

Finally, it has been found possible in various ways to record the diaphragmatic movements by the insertion of tn elastic bar connected with a tambour into the abdomen below it (phrenograph) , by the insertion of needles into different parts of its structure, or by recording the contraction of isolated strips of the diaphragm.

1902, William Senhouse Kirkes, Kirkes': Handbook of Physiology, page 266:

Without varying the adjustment of the phrenograph take a tracing while repeatedly interrupting the respiration by holding the nostrils. What does the phrenogram show?

1904, Winfield Scott Hall, A Manual of Experimental Physiology for Students of Medicine:

(physiology) An instrument for registering the movements of the diaphragm, or midriff, in respiration.


tetanomotor

(physiology) An instrument for tetanizing a muscle by irritating its nerve with successive mechanical shocks.


binocular vision

Around the age of four months, the cortex begins to refine the connections needed for depth perception and binocular vision.

2001 June 24, J. Madeleine Nash, “Fertile Minds”, in Time:

(physiology) A vision system in which two eyes work together to produce a unified field of view which is wider and stereoscopic, and in which objects can be more readily discerned.

amharc déshúileach

a vision system in which two eyes work together to produce a unified field of view


cytoid

en-adj

cytoid (comparative more cytoid, superlative most cytoid)

more cytoid (comparative)
most cytoid (superlative)

From Ancient Greek κῠ́τος (kŭ́tos, “hollow”, “vessel”) + -oid.

der

(physiology) cell-like; applied to the corpuscles of lymph, blood, chyle, etc.


ectosteal

ectosteal ossification

ectosteal plate

ectosteal sheath

(physiology) Of or pertaining to ectostosis.


presystolic

the presystolic friction sound

(physiology) Preceding the systole or contraction of the heart; relating to presystole


perisystole

perisystole

And so, borrowing cards of membership of the Lanchap Turf Club, they had gone, the four of them, to sit in a dilatation of hope, a contraction of despair, a perisystole of speculation.

1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 127:

(physiology) The brief interval between the diastole and systole of the heart.


chylifactive

chylifactory (alternative)
chylificatory (alternative)

(physiology) Producing, or converting into, chyle; having the power to form chyle


secernment

en-noun

secernment (countable and uncountable, plural secernments)

(physiology) The act or process of secerning or secreting.


chylaceous

en-adj

chylaceous (comparative more chylaceous, superlative most chylaceous)

more chylaceous (comparative)
most chylaceous (superlative)

chylaceous matter

(physiology, archaic) Resembling or consisting of chyle.


myograph

(physiology) An instrument for determining and recording the intensity, velocity, etc., of a muscular contraction.


excitomotory

(physiology) Exciting motion; said of that portion of the nervous system concerned in reflex action, by which impressions are transmitted to a nerve centre and then reflected back so as to produce muscular contraction without sensation or volition.


cardiographic

cardiographic recorder

cardiographic technician

(physiology) Of or pertaining to, or produced by, a cardiograph.


disdiaclast

From Ancient Greek δίς (dís, “twice”) + διακλάω (diakláō, “break in two”) from κλάω (kláō). For the termination compare -clast.

(physiology) One of the dark particles forming the doubly refracting disks (Z lines) of muscle fibres.


ectostosis

(physiology) A process of bone formation in which ossification takes place in the perichondrium and either surrounds or gradually replaces the cartilage.


megalocyte

(physiology) A large, flattened corpuscle, twice the diameter of the ordinary red corpuscle, found in considerable numbers in the blood in profound anemia.


peptonize

en-verb

peptonize (third-person singular simple present peptonizes, present participle peptonizing, simple past and past participle peptonized)

peptonizes (present singular third-person)
peptonizing (participle present)
peptonized (participle past)
peptonized (past)

(physiology, biochemistry) To convert a protein into peptones under the influence of the enzyme pepsin.


peridiastole

(physiology, obsolete) The very brief period of time s between the systole and the diastole of the heart.


tetanization

en-noun

tetanization (countable and uncountable, plural tetanizations)

tetanizations (plural)
tetanisation (alternative)

Muscle which has been tetanized produces less acid than muscle which has been at rest; in fact the tetanization of muscle seems to consume the acid-forming matter.

1866, Dr. Johannes Ranke, “Tetanus.—A Physiological Study”, in Dublin quarterly journal of medical science, volume 42, page 453:

The position of the internal capsule is determined with microelectrodes by its characteristic absence of somatodendritic action potentials and the tetanization produced by stimulating corticospinal tract fibers.

2007, Dr. Stewart A. Factor, Parkinson's Disease: Diagnosis & Clinical Management, 2nd edition:

Heterosynaptic, long-term plastic changes can be induced in hippocampal and neocortical neurons by intracellular tetanization—bursts of spikes evoked by short, depolarizing pulses applied through the recording electrode.

2015, Detlev Boison, Homeostatic Control of Brain Function, page 132:

(physiology) The production or condition of tetanus.


monocrotic

en-adj

monocrotic (comparative more monocrotic, superlative most monocrotic)

more monocrotic (comparative)
most monocrotic (superlative)

monocrotic acid

a monocrotic pulse

(physiology) Of, pertaining to, or showing monocrotism.


denutrition

(physiology) The opposition of nutrition; the failure of nutrition, causing the breakdown of tissue.


monocrotism

From mono- + Ancient Greek κρότος (krótos, “a rattling, beating”) + -ism.

der

(physiology) A condition in which the pulse curve or sphygmogram shows only a single crest, the dicrotic elevation entirely disappearing.


chymify

en-verb

chymify (third-person singular simple present chymifies, present participle chymifying, simple past and past participle chymified)

chymifies (present singular third-person)
chymifying (participle present)
chymified (participle past)
chymified (past)

From chyme + -ify: compare French chymifier.

(physiology, archaic) To form into chyme.


euthyroidism

(physiology) Normal functioning of the thyroid or the physiological state as a result thereof, usually determined by the level of TSH and other thyroid-related functions.


mucigenous

en-adj

mucigenous (comparative more mucigenous, superlative most mucigenous)

more mucigenous (comparative)
most mucigenous (superlative)

The mucigenous basis is manufactured at the expense of the ordinary protoplasm of the cell.

1876, Michael Foster, A Textbook of Physiology:

(physiology) Connected with the formation of mucin or mucus; resembling mucin.


spermosphere

(physiology) A mass or ball of cells formed by the repeated division of a spermospore, each spermoblast of which is converted into a spermatozoid.


electrition

(physiology) The ability to determine the electrical condition of an external body.


pneumatogram

(physiology) A tracing of the respiratory movements, obtained by a pneumatograph or stethograph.


cerebripetal

(physiology, of nerve fibers) Going from the spinal cord to the brain, so as to transfer sensations (centripetal impressions) from the exterior inwards.


spermospore

1880-1881, Francis Maitland Balfour, A Treatise on Comparative Embryology
The spermatozoa are formed either by the direct division of the spermospores into a number of cells , spermoblasts , each of which grows into a spermatozoon ; or by the nucleus of the spermospore becoming subdivided within the cell body

(physiology) The male germinal or seminal cell, from the breaking up of which the spermoblasts are formed and ultimately the spermatozoids.


prediastolic

prediastolic friction sound

prediastolic murmur

(archaic, physiology) Preceding the diastole of the heart.


haematogenesis

(physiology) The origin and development of blood.

(physiology) The transformation of venous arterial blood by respiration; haematosis.


excrementitial

(physiology) Pertaining to, consisting of, or of the nature of excrement


disassimilate

en-verb

disassimilate (third-person singular simple present disassimilates, present participle disassimilating, simple past and past participle disassimilated)

disassimilates (present singular third-person)
disassimilating (participle present)
disassimilated (participle past)
disassimilated (past)

(physiology) To subject to disassimilation.


macroreentrant

(physiology) Describing a reentrant circuit that covers a large area of the atrium


microreentrant

(physiology) Describing a reentrant circuit that is restricted to a small area of the atrium


chondrification

en-noun

chondrification (countable and uncountable, plural chondrifications)

By surface analysis, chondr- + -ification

surf

(physiology) The formation of, or conversion into, cartilage; a cartilaginous formation resulting from this process.


chemotransport

(physiology) The transport of chemical species through an organism


entoperipheral

1870-1880, Herbert Spencer, Principles of Psychology
On comparing these three great orders of feelings , we found that whereas the epiperipheral are relational to a very great extent , the entoperipheral , and still more the central , have but small aptitudes for entering into relations

(physiology) Being, or having its origin, within the external surface of the body; especially applied to feelings, such as hunger, produced by internal disturbances.


sebiferous

en-adj

sebiferous (comparative more sebiferous, superlative most sebiferous)

more sebiferous (comparative)
most sebiferous (superlative)

the sebiferous, or sebaceous, glands


esodic

From Ancient Greek εἴσοδος (eísodos, “way in”) + -ic.

der

(physiology) Conveying impressions from the surface of the body to the spinal cord; said of certain nerves.


cerebrifugal

(physiology) Applied to those nerve fibers which go from the brain to the spinal cord, and so transfer cerebral impulses (centrifugal impressions) outwards.


chylopoetic

From chylo- + -poetic, from Ancient Greek χυλός (khulós, “juice of an animal”) + ποιητικός (poiētikós, “making, producing”).

the chylopoetic organs

(physiology) Involved in the formation of chyle; chyle-producing.


sanguification

en-noun

sanguification (usually uncountable, plural sanguifications)

From New Latin sanguificātiō. Equivalent to sanguify + -ication or sangui- + -fication. Compare French sanguification.

(physiology) The formation of blood cells.


estrous cycle

(physiology) The repeating physiological changes that are influenced by hormones controlling reproduction in placental mammals other than human beings and greater apes.


follicular phase

follicular phase (plural follicular phases)

(physiology) The phase of the estrous cycle which involves the follicular maturation within the ovary and is controlled by the hormone estradiol.


uterine cycle

(physiology) The cycle of the thickening of the uterine lining in anticipation of an embryo implantation.


ovarian cycle

(physiology) The cycle associated with the maturation of the oocyte and its discharge from the ovary, from where it passes through the oviduct to the uterus.


juxtaglomerular apparatus

juxtaglomerular apparatus (plural juxtaglomerular apparatuses)

(physiology) A minuscule structure inside the kidney, involved in the regulation of the activity of each nephron.


capillary bed

(physiology) Any of many reticulated network of capillaries that supply blood to the organs inside the body.


interstitial fluid

interstitial fluid (plural interstitial fluids)

(physiology) A solution found in tissue spaces that inundates and moistens cells in multicellular animals.


calorifacient

en-adj

calorifacient (comparative more calorifacient, superlative most calorifacient)

more calorifacient (comparative)
most calorifacient (superlative)
calorificient (alternative)

(physiology, dated) heat-producing; applied to foods which, being rich in carbon, as the fats, are supposed to give rise to heat in the animal body by oxidation.


chief cell

(physiology) A cell located in the stomach and parathyroid gland that secretes precursor enzymes.


borborygm

en-noun

borborygm (plural borborygms or borborygmi)

/ˌbɔːbəˈɹɪɡm̩/

/ˌbɔɹbəˈɹiɡm̩/

Borrowed from French borborygme, ultimately from Ancient Greek βορβορυγμός (borborugmós, “(onomatopoeic) borborygmus”), from βορβορύζω (borborúzō, “to experience borborygmus”).

der

Borborygm, a rumbling Noiſe in the Guts.

[1707, “Borborygm”, in Glossographia Anglicana Nova: Or, A Dictionary, Interpreting such Hard Words of Whatever Language, as are at Present Used in the English Tongue, with Their Etymologies, Definitions, &c. …, London: Printed for Dan. Brown, […], →OCLC:

Should the dose of bark [of Cinchona trees] be too strong, or its use be too long continued, or finally, the digestive canal, or any other organ be in a state of inflammation, all the phenomena we have just mentioned become more intense and all the symptoms of phlegmasia are aggravated. Uneasiness and dry heat are felt at the epigastric region; nausea, borborygm, vomiting or alvine evacuations take place; […]

1829, H[enri] M[ilne-]Edwards, P[ierre] Vavasseur, Joseph Togno, E[lias] Durand, “Tonic Substances”, in A Manual of Materia Medica and Pharmacy, […], Philadelphia, Pa.: Carey, Lea & Carey— […], →OCLC, pages 115–116:

Persons, who are much subject to worms in these countries, are generally of a pale complexion, with a bluish circle round the eyes; […] and there are various signs of irritation of the digestive tube, with itching at the nose and anus; headache; foul breath and tongue; irregular and sometimes canine appetite, nausea, hiccup, borborygmi, tenesmus, diarrhœa, and constipation.

1837, William Stokes, “Lecture XX. Symptoms of Intestinal Worms— […]”, in Robley Dunglison, editor, Lectures on the Theory and Practice of Physic (American Medical Library), 1st American edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: Published by A. Waldie, […], →OCLC, page 170:

"You've been drinking too much, that's your trouble. Come on, we're going to bed." Enderby, artist to the end, made a harrowing borborygm, just like old times. Grerrrrkhrapshhhhh.

1963, Anthony Burgess, chapter 3, in Inside Mr. Enderby, London: Heinemann, →OCLC; republished as Enderby, New York, N.Y.: Ballantine Books, September 1969 (March 1973 printing), →OCLC, book II, section 3, page 181:

Borborygms! Borborygms! / Are there also some in the organs of thought, / That one does not hear, through the thickness of the cranium? / In any case, here are some poems in their image. [Translation of a poem by Valery Larbaud.]

1980, Betsy Erkkila, “Whitman and l’Esprit Nouveau”, in Walt Whitman among the French: Poet and Myth, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, section I (Valery Larbaud), footnote, page 182:

(medicine, physiology, rare) A gurgling or rumbling noise produced by gas in the bowels.


bathmotropic

en-adj

bathmotropic (comparative more bathmotropic, superlative most bathmotropic)

more bathmotropic (comparative)
most bathmotropic (superlative)

(physiology) That influences the response of tissue to stimuli, especially that of cardiac muscle


heterotropic

Heterotropic pregnancy occurs when intrauterine and ectopic pregnancies coexist.

2007, Jonathan S. Berek, Berek & Novak's Gynecology, →ISBN, page 629:

Various hereditary conditions and congenital condition give rise to heterotropic calcification something abnormal in metabolic and endocrinal functions also give rise to deposition of calcium in extraskeletal system.

2009, Kulkarni, Textbook of Orthopaedics and Trauma, →ISBN, page 2524:

(physiology) Concerning a process that abnormally takes place outside of its normal system as well as within its normal system.


physiologic dead space

en-noun

physiologic dead space (countable and uncountable, plural physiologic dead spaces)

(physiology) That volume of air in the lung which does not partake in gas exchange.

2011. John B. West, Respiratory Physiology: The Essentials. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Ninth edition.
Bohr's method measures the volume of the lung which does not eliminate CO₂. Because this is a functional measurement, the volume is called the physiologic dead space.

(physiology) That volume of air in the lung that does not eliminate carbon dioxide, as defined functionally by the Bohr equation.

(physiology) The sum of the anatomic plus the alveolar dead spaces.

...the effective respiratory dead space is made up of two principal components. The first component is associated with the volume of the respiratory passages leading to the lung.... A second component is the ... well ventilated, but poorly perfused alveoli are in parallel with the respiratory passages and it is convenient to designate this component as the ‘parallel’ dead space.

1955, B. Folkow, J. R. Pappenheimer, Components of the Respiratory Dead Space and Their Variation With Pressure Breathing and With Bronchoactive Drugs J Appl Physiol 8:102-110:

(physiology) The sum of the parallel and the serial dead spaces.


alveolar dead space

alveolar dead space (countable and uncountable, plural alveolar dead spaces)

Alveolar dead space is herein defined as the difference between the physiologic and anatomic dead spaces.

1957, J. W. Severinghaus, M. Stupfel, Alveolar dead space as an index of distribution of blood flaw in pulmonary capillaries. J. Appl. Physiol. 10: 335-348:

(physiology) The volume of air in the alveoli of the lung which does not partake in the exchange of gas.

espaço morto

air in the lung which does not partake in gas exchange


anatomic dead space

anatomic dead space (countable and uncountable, plural anatomic dead spaces)

anatomic dead spaces (plural)
anatomical dead space (alternative)

(physiology) The volume of inspired gas that does not mix with alveolar gas, as measured in vivo by gas dilution, by the method of Fowler.


chloremia

From Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós, “pale green”) and αἷμα (haîma, “blood”). By surface analysis, chlor- + -emia.

der

chloraemia (alternative)
chloræmia (alternative)

chlorémie

the presence of chloride in the bloodstream

(physiology, medicine) The presence of chloride in the bloodstream (which is always true, in some amount or other).

en:any degree of chloride in the blood
en:excess chloride in the blood

(physiology, medicine) The presence of excess chloride in the bloodstream.


vasoregulation

(physiology) The regulation of vascular tension


lipoapoptosis

(physiology) apoptosis caused by exposure to an excess of fatty acids


metachronous

By surface analysis, meta- + chron- + -ous.

surf

(physiology) Occurring at a different time to that of a specified event


adrenocholinergic

(biochemistry, physiology) Describing cholinergic effects produced by the adrenal gland


electrogram

Coordinate term: electrograph

(physiology) A record of the electrical activity of an organ


renotropic

en-adj

renotropic (comparative more renotropic, superlative most renotropic)

more renotropic (comparative)
most renotropic (superlative)

(physiology) That migrates towards kidney tissue (or causes such migration)


decontraction

(physiology) The relaxation of muscle tissue following a previous contraction


syncytialization

(physiology) The formation of syncytiotrophoblasts from cytotrophoblasts, cytotrophoblasts or osteoblasts


aminergic

(physiology) Activated by a biochemical amine


oxyconformity

(biology, physiology) The change in rate of oxygen consumption in the presence of varying oxygen levels in the environment.


gastroenteropancreatic

islets of Langerhans
islets of Langerhans

(anatomy, physiology) Related to the gut and the pancreas (especially to the islets of Langerhans)


extranigral

(anatomy, physiology) Outside of the substantia nigra


luteinization

en-noun

luteinization (countable and uncountable, plural luteinizations)

(physiology) The formation of the corpus luteum from a mature ovarian follicle.


lymphohistiocytic

(cytology, physiology) Relating to both lymphocytes and histiocytes


preosseous

(physiology) Relating to tissue that will become bone


EDV

end-diastolic volume
w:end-diastolic volume

(physiology) Initialism of end-diastolic volume.


gonadogenesis

(physiology) The generation and development of the gonads.


neurocircuit

(physiology) Any control mechanism that regulates neural activity


prosensory

(physiology) Describing cells or other structures that will develop into sensory ones


deorphanized

(physiology) Describing an orphan receptor whose endogenous ligand has now been identified (producing an "adopted orphan").


orphan receptor

orphan receptor (plural orphan receptors)

(physiology) A receptor that has a similar structure to other identified receptors but whose endogenous ligand has not yet been identified


neuromechanics

(anatomy, physiology) The study of the interaction of the nervous system with mechanical activity of the body


cardiotropic

(physiology) That is attracted towards, and functions within, the heart


reticulotropic

(physiology) That affects, or is active within, a reticulum (of blood vessels)


neurohemal

(physiology) Describing an organ that contains neurones that release neurosecretory substances into the blood


antihaemophilia

(medicine, physiology) The counters haemophilia; antihaemophilic / antihemophilic


adiposome

(physiology) An organelle in the form of a lipid droplet with protein in its membrane


nonluteinized

(physiology) In which the corpus luteum has not formed


oxytocinergic

en-adj

oxytocinergic (comparative more oxytocinergic, superlative most oxytocinergic)

more oxytocinergic (comparative)
most oxytocinergic (superlative)

(physiology) Containing, or releasing oxytocin


vasopressinergic

vasopressinergic (comparative more vasopressinergic, superlative most vasopressinergic)

more vasopressinergic (comparative)
most vasopressinergic (superlative)

(physiology) Containing, or releasing vasopressin


parietal cell

(physiology) Any of the cells in the lining of the stomach that produce hydrochloric acid.


counterregulatory

(physiology) That counters a regulatory process, especially the action of a hormone


neuroenergetics

(physiology) The study of the flow of energy within the brain, and of the energy demands of neural function


radioresponse

(physiology) The body's recovery/repair response, in the form of specific cytokines, to radiation damage


hepatotactic

(physiology) That travels towards the liver


corticomotor

(physiology) Describing motor functions controlled by the cerebral cortex


heterosynaptic

(physiology) Involving different synapses (or groups of synapses); relating to heterosynapsis.


enteroception

(physiology) The reception of sensory stimuli from hollow internal organs.


transpulmonary

(physiology, medicine) Across the lung boundary, as in transpulmonary pressure.


body heat

The huge open gymnasium was cold. Only after the [weightlifting] competition was in progress did the air warm up from body heat.

1981 December 12, Melissa Wills, “Moving Metal”, in Gay Community News, volume 9, number 21, page 10:

Heat produced from within the body of a (warmblooded) animal as opposed to absorbed from the environment.


malrotation

en-noun

malrotation (countable and uncountable, plural malrotations)

intestinal malrotation

(physiology) An anomaly of rotation; aberrant movement of parts in a rotating fashion.


intraocular pressure

intraocular pressure (plural intraocular pressures)

(physiology) The fluid pressure inside the eye.


hidrotic

From the Medieval Latin hidrōticus, from the Ancient Greek ἱδρωτικός (hidrōtikós), from ἱδρώς (hidrṓs, “sweat”, stem: ἱδρωτ-); by surface analysis, hidr(osis)- + -otic.


peptonization

(physiology, biochemistry) The conversion of a protein into peptones under the influence of the enzyme pepsin


chemotopic

(physiology, biochemistry) Relating to, or by means of chemotopy


chemotopy

(physiology, biochemistry) (the study of) the orderly spatial arrangement of olfactory glomeruli


superliminal

en-adj

superliminal (comparative more superliminal, superlative most superliminal)

more superliminal (comparative)
most superliminal (superlative)
super-liminal (alternative)

If the illumination is steadily increased from sub-liminal to super-liminal values, the deeply saturated colour will come out from the blackness.

1924, James P. C. Southall (translator), Hermann von Helmholtz (author), Helmholtz's Treatise on Physiological Optics Volume 1 (1962 Dover edition, a translation of Handbuch der Physiologischen Optik, 1867), p. 367 (Google snippet view)

In him you simply have nature's top-notch imitator. He never questions, he never asks why. . . . His brain, the conscious, active, superliminal, is not able to grasp a situation and reason it out.

1930 Nov, Hubbard Nye, “Playing Nursemaid to a Chimpanzee”, in Boys' Life, retrieved 2013-11-20, page 67:

And it does not matter how you subdivide the mind into what you call the subliminal, the superliminal, the superconscious, the subconscious or whatever.

1948, Stewart Edward White et al., The Job of Living, page 80:

Conscious or subconscious, subliminal or superliminal, they are still “mental processes.”

2011, R. S. Perinbanayagam, Discursive Acts: Language, Signs, and Selves, →ISBN, page 76:

(psychology, physiology, of mental activity) Of, pertaining to, or involving conscious awareness; above the threshold of the subconscious.


metaboreceptor

(physiology) A type of chemoreceptor, found in skeletal muscle, that responds to an increase in metabolic products and stimulates an increase in circulation in response to exercise


trigeminovascular

(anatomy, physiology) Relating to the trigeminal nerve and blood vessels


adipokinesis

(biochemistry, physiology) The mobilization of fat as part of lipid metabolism


deorphanize

en-verb

deorphanize (third-person singular simple present deorphanizes, present participle deorphanizing, simple past and past participle deorphanized)

deorphanizes (present singular third-person)
deorphanizing (participle present)
deorphanized (participle past)
deorphanized (past)

(physiology) To identify the endogenous ligands of an orphan receptor


microinflammation

en-noun

microinflammation (countable and uncountable, plural microinflammations)

(pathology, physiology) Normal, low-level, background inflammation as a response to the presence of microorganisms


hot reactor

Coined by Dr. Robert Eliot et al c. 1982

Secondly, BP and HR values at baseline and during test activity, and change scores (ie baseline level minus level during activity) are fairly stable on retesting. In other words, a hot reactor is still likely to be a hot reactor 6 months later.

1982, RS Eliot, JC Buell, TM Dembroski, “Bio–Behavioural Perspectives on Coronary Heart Disease, Hypertension and Sudden Cardiac Death”, in Acta Medica Scandinavica:

(psychology, physiology) A person whose blood pressure and heart rate increase abnormally in response to stress.


MET

MET (countable and uncountable, plural METs or METS)

metabolic equivalent of task
w:metabolic equivalent of task

(physiology, countable) Initialism of metabolic equivalent of task, a measure of the intensity of aerobic exercise.


despeciation

(biology, immunology, physiology, medicine) The loss of antigenic specificity in an antigen or an antibody thereto.


foreload

(physiology) The weight that acts on muscle once it begins to contract; increased end-diastolic volume.


blood flow

cardiovascular system
cardiovascular system

The continuous circulation of blood in the cardiovascular system; bloodstream.


cardiovascular system

cardiovascular system (plural cardiovascular systems)


ammoniaporin

(physiology, biochemistry) A mitochondrial membrane channel permeable to ammonia.


antidiuresis

(physiology) The control of body water balance by the reduction of urination


oxyjoule

This dependence of the oxyjoule equivalent on RQ is in the opposite direction to the error created in equation 10.2 by assuming the incorrect RQ.

2008, John R. B. Lighton, Measuring Metabolic Rates: A Manual for Scientists:

(physiology, rare) The number of joules of heat energy produced per unit of oxygen consumption.


anti-Müllerian

antimüllerian (alternative)
antimullerian (alternative)

(physiology) That inhibits the function or development of the Müllerian ducts

antimülleriano

that inhibits the function or development of the Müllerian ducts


overfire

en-verb

overfire (third-person singular simple present overfires, present participle overfiring, simple past and past participle overfired)

overfires (present singular third-person)
overfiring (participle present)
overfired (participle past)
overfired (past)
over-fire (alternative)

/ˌəʊvəˈfaɪə/

From over- (prefix meaning ‘above, higher; excessively’) + fire.

prefix

Geoffery Schultz, a student of [Ronald] Melzack, has recently conducted a study showing that visual hallucinations need not be caused by psychopathology but may result from the disruption of sensory input among patients suffering eye damage. The neuromatrix, in Melzack's theory, overfires its output messages in the absence of stimulation from external sources (or temping feedback), and creates images – often fantastic or exaggerated – that may be experienced as real.

2003, Ariel Glucklich, Sacred Pain: Hurting the Body for the Sake of the Soul, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 57:

(transitive, physiology) Of a cell or group of cells: to fire excessively.


catacrotic

(physiology) Relating to, or characterized by, that form of pulse tracing, or sphygmogram, in which the descending portion of the curve is marked by secondary elevations due to two or more expansions of the artery in the same beat.


nidate

en-verb

nidate (third-person singular simple present nidates, present participle nidating, simple past and past participle nidated)

nidates (present singular third-person)
nidating (participle present)
nidated (participle past)
nidated (past)

They are essential for the integrity of the cell shape, and would theoretically be important for the ability of the cells to nidate in vessels and transgress capillary walls.

1983, Invasion & Metastasis, Karger Publishers, page 9:

The early embryo nidated into the endometrium (decidua) is a fluid-filled sphere which contains smaller fluid-containing sacs in addition to the embryonic disc.

2000, P. Ebbesen, “1.3: Placenta Physiology”, in Pierre Ambroise-Thomas, Eskild Petersen, editors, Congenital Toxoplasmosis: Scientific Background, Clinical Management and Control, page 27:

At the same time the maternal protective systems help the conceptus to successfully implant and then nidate and grow.

2014, Pankaj Desai, Recurrent Spontaneous Miscarriages, page 46:

(physiology, intransitive) To become implanted in, especially, a uterus.


trophodynamics

(physiology) The dynamics of nutrition or of metabolism


hydromineral

This system mainly regulates the blood pressure and maintains hydromineral homeostasis.

2015 July 6, “Local Augmented Angiotensinogen Secreted from Apoptotic Vascular Endothelial Cells Is a Vital Mediator of Vascular Remodelling”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(physiology) Relating to the balance of water and minerals (electrolytes) in the body


inotropy

From Ancient Greek ἴς (ís, “sinew, tendon; strength, force”) + -tropy (“affecting, changing”).

af

In the present study, we describe moderate protection of EHTs against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced stunning by NO and BNP. Both treatments induced apparent cardioprotection that was detected as a maintained contractile activity and inotropy.

2015 July 6, “Protection by the NO-Donor SNAP and BNP against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation in Rat Engineered Heart Tissue”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(physiology) the force of muscle contraction


hypersynchronize

en-verb

hypersynchronize (third-person singular simple present hypersynchronizes, present participle hypersynchronizing, simple past and past participle hypersynchronized)

hypersynchronizes (present singular third-person)
hypersynchronizing (participle present)
hypersynchronized (participle past)
hypersynchronized (past)

(physiology) To cause excessive excitability of a large group of neurons


lusitropic

We also found that SRTX-b exerted a negative lusitropic effect i.e impairment of LV relaxation as reflected by an increased Tau, the relaxation time constant.

15 July 2015, Yazine Mahjoub, Stéphanie Malaquin, Gilles Mourier, Emmanuel Lorne, Osama Abou Arab, Ziad A. Massy, Hervé Dupont, Frédéric Ducancel, “Short- versus long-sarafotoxins: two structurally related snake toxins with very different in vivo haemodynamic effects”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(physiology) relating to or producing lusitropy


lusitropy

Derived from Ancient Greek λῠ́σῐς (lŭ́sĭs, “loosing, releasing, ransoming”, noun) + -tropy (“condition of exhibiting (such) a behavior”).


proghrelin

(physiology) Any of a class of peptides produced by ghrelin cells of the gastric mucosa


homosynaptic

Habituation and dishabituation allow for experience-dependent tuning of these reflexes and the mechanisms underlying these forms of behavioral plasticity involve changes in transmitter release from the sensory to motor neuron synapses through homosynaptic depression and the serotonin-mediated recovery from depression, respectively.

2015 August 29, “Decline in the Recovery from Synaptic Depression in Heavier Aplysia Results from Decreased Serotonin-Induced Novel PKC Activation”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(physiology) Involving a single synapse.


TP

en-noun

TP (countable and uncountable, plural TPs)

threshold potential
threshold potential#English

(physiology) Initialism of threshold potential.


osteoprotective

en-adj

osteoprotective (comparative more osteoprotective, superlative most osteoprotective)

more osteoprotective (comparative)
most osteoprotective (superlative)

Potential differences in the OC gene expression between postmenopausal women treated and not treated with HRT would allow determining if osteoprotective effect of estrogen is exerted, inter alia, by changes in metabolism of OC.

2015 August 19, Mansur Rahnama et al., “Analysis of the Influence of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Osteocalcin Gene Expression in Postmenopausal Women”, in BioMed Research International, volume 2015, →DOI:

(physiology) That protects bone from physical damage


aquaresis

(physiology) The excretion of water without loss of electrolytes


anion gap

(physiology) The difference between the levels of cations and anions in serum, plasma or urine (not counting hydrogen ions, bicarbonate and similar ions that determine the pH of the liquid)


andromedin

(physiology) A growth factor that is mediated by androgens


adipopexis

From adipo- + πῆξις (pêxis, “fixation”).

(physiology) The storage of fat in tissue.


lymphagogic

lymphagogic (comparative more lymphagogic, superlative most lymphagogic)

more lymphagogic (comparative)
most lymphagogic (superlative)

(immunology, physiology) Stimulating the flow of lymph.


beige fat

From being a color between brown and white, closer to white.

(anatomy, physiology) A form of brown fat which can function akin to white fat under normal circumstances, but can function as brown fat under cold conditions.


valvulogenesis

(physiology) Generation and development of the valves of the heart


biophysiochemical

Whilst it is possible that assay bias has occurred due to differences in soil biophysiochemical properties between the high and low prevalence site, previous seeding experiments into soil from the low-prevalence site have not provided evidence of assay inhibition.

2015 September 24, “Environmental Attributes Influencing the Distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Northern Australia”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biology, physiology, chemistry) biophysiological and chemical


prostate-specific

prostate-specific (comparative more prostate-specific, superlative most prostate-specific)

more prostate-specific (comparative)
most prostate-specific (superlative)

(health, physiology) Specific to the prostate.


crossbridge

(physiology) A temporary link between myosin and actin filaments during muscle contraction


treppe

(physiology) The gradual increase in muscular contraction following rapidly repeated stimulation.


tactition

Although touch, or tactition, is considered one of the five traditional human senses, touch is just one component of the somatosensory system.

2012, I. Scott MacKenzie, Human-Computer Interaction: An Empirical Research Perspective:

(physiology) The sense of touch or pressure.


chronoception

/ˌkɹɒnəʊˈsɛpʃn̩/

From chrono- (prefix meaning ‘time’) + (per)ception.

prefix

For example, modern training methods of track runners include efforts to develop awareness of "tempo," a quality which may be named "chronoception."

1968, Ernst Jokl, The Physiological Basis of Athletic Records, page 78:

While chronoception is typically not listed with the more traditional senses, we should consider including it.

2013, Phillip Vannini, Dennis Waskul, Simon Gottschalk, The Senses in Self, Society, and Culture: A Sociology of the Senses, page 165:

(physiology) The perception or sense of time.


hyperdirect

These results indicate that BV prevents the haloperidol-induced changes in the transfer of cortical information through the indirect trans-striatal pathway, without altering the unaffected transfer through the hyperdirect and direct pathways.

2015 November 17, “Bee Venom Alleviates Motor Deficits and Modulates the Transfer of Cortical Information through the Basal Ganglia in Rat Models of Parkinson’s Disease”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(physiology) Describing the pathway from the cortex to the globus pallidus via the subthalamus and bypassing the striatum


hypernociception

Reduction of neutrophil recruitment by pre-treating AIA mice with DF2156A, or even the depletion of these cells by using RB6-8C5 reduced all of the inflammatory parameters and hypernociception developed after AIA challenge, but could not prevent the metabolic changes.

2016 January 8, “Tumor Necrosis Factor, but Not Neutrophils, Alters the Metabolic Profile in Acute Experimental Arthritis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(physiology) An increased level of nociception


glucoregulation

There are no standardized variables defined for calculating factor scores using PCA. Most researchers used four factors with HOMA or insulin instead of glucose, triglycerides to HDL ratio are also calculated to reduce number of factors, and blood pressure is calculated either using systolic blood pressure or MAP. Confirmatory analyses in these studies revealed higher factor loadings of waist circumference and glucoregulation measures than loadings of blood pressure and lipids [22, 26 ].

2016 January 9, “siMS Score: Simple Method for Quantifying Metabolic Syndrome”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(physiology) The metabolic regulation of glucose


normoventilation

There was no significant difference in pulmonary arterial pressure (data not shown), but there was a trend towards a lower central venous pressure in the HH-group as compared to the 2 normoventilation groups (NN and NH).

2016 February 4, “The Effects of Lung Protective Ventilation or Hypercapnic Acidosis on Gas Exchange and Lung Injury in Surfactant Deficient Rabbits”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(physiology) normal ventilation (of the lungs)


angiomodulating

The list of pathologies that could be treated with effective angiomodulating therapies is long and there are new pathologies joining in like the temporal lobe epilepsy, thus increasing the potential socio-economic impact of effective angiomodulating therapies [28 ].

2016 March 8, “Zebrafish Caudal Fin Angiogenesis Assay—Advanced Quantitative Assessment Including 3-Way Correlative Microscopy”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

That modulates the action of blood vessels


supracutaneous

Supracutaneous ophthalmic drug delivery is a simple, effective method of protracted ocular drug delivery.

1998, David A. Sullivan • Darlene A. Dartt • Michele A. Meneray, Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film, and Dry Eye Syndromes - Basic Science and Clinical Relevance - Volume 2, Plenum Press - New York & London, page 989

A supracutaneous locked plate is an attractive option for acute deformity correction or shortening in the presence of poor skin condition or infection.

2015, Sanjeev Sabharwal, Pediatric Lower Limb Deformities: Principles and Techniques of Management, Springer Publishing, page 96

Causes of postarthroscopy septic arthritis include intraarticular steroid injections, prolonged operating time, inadequate equipment sterilization, airborne bacteria, skin lesions, and supracutaneous sutures.

2013, M.Mike Malek, Knee Surgery: Complications, Pitfalls, and Salvage, Springer Publishing, page 10

When the supracutaneous method was used the infective material was applied to the depilated abdominal region. We first infected 9 great gerbils by subcutaneous injection to obtain pilot data regarding their sensitivity to tularaemia.

1962, Pergamon Authors, Journal of Microbiology and Epidemiology and Immunobiology - Volume 32 - Issues 9 to 12, The Cornell University Press, page 1880

(physiology) Above the skin; being merely of or upon the epidermis; (loosely) superficial; external.


Prader scale

(medicine, physiology) A rating system for the measurement of the degree of virilization of the genitalia of the human body.


hypodynamic

en-adj

hypodynamic (comparative more hypodynamic, superlative most hypodynamic)

more hypodynamic (comparative)
most hypodynamic (superlative)

These hypodynamic changes occur despite the continued high circulating concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 2 indicating that the osteoblasts, and, likely, the osteocytes, are apoptotic.

2015 February 24, Gordon L Klein, “Disruption of bone and skeletal muscle in severe burns”, in Bone Research, volume 3, →DOI:

(physiology) Describing a decrease in both blood pressure and pulse pressure


cardioventilatory

The behavioral and physiological responses to assessment and contest situations in animals are intrinsically linked ( Johnsson, Winberg & Sloman, 2006 ), and it is well established that threatening situations can induce cardioventilatory responses.

2015, Johan Höjesjö et al., “Sight or smell? Behavioural and heart rate responses in subordinate rainbow trout exposed to cues from dominant fish”, in PeerJ, volume 3, →DOI:

(physiology) Relating to the (statistical) relationship between the onset of either inspiration or expiration and the timing of heartbeats


optochemical

(physiology) Relating to the chemical processes involved in sight or vision


ergoreflex

As exercise proceeds, the working muscle signals to the brain, and generates a ventilatory response. In patients with heart failure, this 'ergoreflex' is much greater than normal.

2005, Margaret Turner-Warwick, Living Medicine: Recollections and Reflections:

(physiology) The response, characterised by increase in ventilation, to increased exercise.


hepatocardiomuscular

(physiology, medicine) Relating to, or affecting the liver and the muscles of the heart.


cardiomuscular

Coordinate term: cardiovascular

(anatomy, physiology, medicine) Relating to, or affecting the muscles of the heart.


hypoglandular

(physiology) Relating to, or caused by abnormally decreased glandular activity


intracrinology

(physiology) The study of intracrine hormones and their related disorders


boneseeker

boneseekers (plural)
bone seeker (alternative)
bone-seeker (alternative)

Some isotopes that are not alpha-emitters are also "bone[-]seekers," and are not well eliminated. The result is that even a small quantity of these materials, retained in the body, may lead to depression of bone marrow activity, and to serious bone lesions.

1954 September 1, Subcommittee on Protection against Radiations from Radium, Cobalt-60, and Cesium-137 Encapsulated Sources, “General Considerations”, in Protection from Radiations from Radium, Cobalt-60, and Cesium-137 (National Bureau of Standards Handbook; 54), Washington, D.C.: National Bureau of Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce, →OCLC, section 2.2 (Hazards), page 7:

The bases of working limits for environmental contamination are the permissible limits for internal emitters. If the internal emitter is a bone-seeker (examples are plutonium, Sr⁹⁰, and the rare earths) the criterion for establishing limits is based on the history of humans who have had radium deposited in their skeletons. To experimentally find the maximum quantity of a radioactive bone-seeker that can deposit in the human skeleton without adverse effect, it is usual to compare the toxicity in experimental animals of the bone-seeker with that of radium.

1959 October, H. A. Kornberg, “Biological Implications of Radioactive Wastes”, in Sixth International Congress and Exhibition of Electronics and Atomic Energy, Rome, Italy, June 1959: U.S. Papers (United States Atomic Energy Commission Technical Information Service; TID-7579), Oak Ridge, Tenn.: Division of International Affairs, United States Atomic Energy Commission, →OCLC, page 6:

In general, localization of the rare-earth "bone-seekers" was poor except for ¹⁵⁷Dy, which compared well with ⁹⁹ᵐTc-PP and ⁹⁹ᵐTc-DP; ¹⁵⁷Dy was also helpful in studies of the abdomen and pelvis because of its failure to concentrate in the gastrointestinal tract.

1977 October, Karl F. Hübner, Gould A. Andrews, Raymond L. Hayes, J. Kenneth Poggenburg, Jr., Alan Solomon, “The Use of Rare-earth Radionuclides and Other Bone-seekers in the Evaluation of Bone Lesions in Patients with Multiple Myeloma or Solitary Plasmacytoma”, in Radiology, volume 125, number 1, Easton, Pa.: Radiological Society of North America, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, →PMID, abstract, page 171:

These studies demonstrated that beside radionuclide retention anatomical and physiological factors affect the induction of radiation damage from incorporating α-emitting bone seekers to bone marrow.

1985, G. Schoeters, R. Van Den Heuvel, O. Vanderborght, “The Study of Damage to Bone Marrow Cells as a Biological Dosimeter after Contamination with Osteotropic α Emitters”, in Nicholas D. Priest, editor, Metals in Bone: Proceedings of a EULEP Symposium on the Deposition, Retention and Effects of Radioactive and Stable Metals in Bone and Bone Marrow Tissues, October 11th–13th 1984, Angers, France, Lancaster, Hingham, Mass.: MTP Press for the Commission for the European Communities, →DOI, →ISBN, page 59:

"The guy that just left—what's he got in his lungs?" / "Well, I'm not very sure. But the two best candidates are uranium-233 and plutonium-239, one or both." / "They're in his bones too, aren't they?" / "Yeah, they're both boneseekers. And they've got half-lives of one hundred sixty-two thousand and twenty-four thousand years respectively. So they stay hot for a long time."

1985, Michael Swanwick, “Boneseeker”, in In the Drift (New Ace Science Fiction Specials; series 3), New York, N.Y.: Ace Science Fiction Books, →ISBN; republished New York, N.Y.: Dover Publications, 2017, →ISBN, page 80:

Lead is a bone seeker; it is found in bone mineral with a 70% higher level in cancellous bone than in compact bone.

1987, Geoffrey G[unther] Eichholz, “Human Exposure”, in C. Richard Cothern, James E. Smith, Jr., editors, Environmental Radon (Environmental Science Research; 35), New York, N.Y., London: Plenum Press, →ISBN, section 5.1.2. (Uptake of Radon Progeny), page 132:

[I]n general, inland waters exhibit much (2–3 orders of magnitude) higher concentrations of ²²²Rn than of ²²⁶Ra. This fact has, however, only very little meaning from the point of view of radiological protection, because ²²⁶Ra being a long-lived, alpha-active boneseeker, belongs to highly radiotoxic substances, whereas ²²²Rn, a short-lived noble gas, does not.

1994 June, T. Wardaszko, D. Grzybowska, “Investigation of Levels of ²²⁶Ra and ²²²Rn in Fresh Waters”, in J. Suski, T. Wardaszko, J. Rostek, editors, Bi-annual Report 1992–1993: Operational and Research Activities of Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Warsaw: Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, →ISBN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-02-14, page 74:

(physiology, radiology) Any element, especially a radioisotope, that has a tendency to accumulate in bones.

substance ostéotrope

element that has a tendency to accumulate in bones


CTZ

chemoreceptor trigger zone
chemoreceptor trigger zone#English

(physiology, neuroscience) Initialism of chemoreceptor trigger zone.


fibro-

(physiology, pathology) fibre/fiber; fibrous


eigenvolume

Radiopaque markers implanted in the left ventricle allow one to follow the motion of specific elements of myocardium and compute a measure of relative left ventricular volume, called eigenvolume.

1988, Excerpta medica. Section 14. Radiology - Volume 60, page 81:

Real gas particles have a finite size. When packed as densely as possible they occupy the so-called eigenvolume. The steep rise in pressure shown by the ideal gas equation as V -> 0 must occur in reality when the gas is compressed to its eigenvolume.

2012, Erich W. Schmid, Gerhard Spitz, Wolfgang Lösch, Theoretical Physics on the Personal Computer, →ISBN, page 102:

However, when we apply the eigenvolume corrections with the mass-proportional eigenvolume v#95;i#92;simm#95;i, fixed to the realistic proton hard-core radius r#95;p#92;simeq 0.4-0.5 fm, we observe a second minimum in the temperature dependence of the #92;chi², located at the significantly higher temperatures.

2015, Volodymyr Vovchenko, Horst Stöcker, “Heavy-ion hot hadron matter freezes out at T=170-320 MeV?”, in arXiv:

(physiology) A volume determined by molecular refraction measurements, based on the assumption that the molecular packing coefficient is constant.


ergotropic

(physiology) That energizes the body's systems


actiwatch

(physiology) A device, in the form of a wristwatch, that measures and records a patient's activity


dysnatremia

en-noun

dysnatremia (countable and uncountable, plural dysnatremias)

From dys- + natremia or dys- + natr- + -emia.

(biology, physiology, medicine) The presence of an unusual (high or low) amount of sodium in the blood; abnormal serum sodium level.


etiopathophysiology

etiopathophysiologies (plural)
aetiopathophysiology (alternative)

Another possibility is that these represent multiple etiopathophysiologies which interact to produce the observable pathology of schizotypal personality disorder.

1995, Adrian Raine, Schizotypal Personality, page 446:

(pathology) Etiology and pathophysiology.


dyotic

In addition to the loss of neurons following the reactivation of the cell cycle in differentiated neurons, it is possible that dyotic signaling prevents normal neurogenesis from resident neural stem cells, thereby preventing replacement of neurons.

2011, Craig S. Atwood, Sivan Vadakkadath Meethal, Human Embryonic Stem Cells: A Model System for Delineating the Molecular Basis of Human Embryogenesis and Aging-related Diseases, page 261:

It presents the evidence that dyotic endocrine signals modulate the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and related cytokines, and that these cytokines are a functionally important downstream link mediating neurodegeneration and dysfunction.

2011 July, Ian A. Clark, Craig S. Atwood, “Is TNF a link between aging-related reproductive endocrine dyscrasia and Alzheimer's disease?”, in Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, volume 27, number 4:

Thus, the dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis (endocrine dyscrasia) leads to altered (dyotic) signaling to somatic and reproductive tissues, driving re-entry of cells into the cell cycle.

2013 February, James A. Yonker, Vicky Chang, Nicholas S. Roetker, Taissa S. Hauser, Robert M. Auser, Craig S. Atwood, “Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis homeostasis predicts longevity”, in Age, volume 35, number 1:

(physiology, of an endocrine signal) Causing differentiation between two states.


intracranial pressure

intracranial pressure (countable and uncountable, plural intracranial pressures)

As artificial hyperventilation is advocated in the treatment of raised intracranial pressure, it must be questioned where to set the limit beyond which hypocapnically induced cerebral tissue hypoxia may occur.

2012, H. Penzholz, M. Brock, J. Hamer, Brain Hypoxia: Pain, →ISBN, page 42:

(physiology) The pressure inside the skull, and thus in the brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid.


jugular venous pressure

jugular venous pressure (countable and uncountable, plural jugular venous pressures)

internal jugular vein
internal jugular vein

(physiology) The indirectly observed pressure of the venous system via the visualisation of the internal jugular vein.


CPP

CPP (countable and uncountable, plural CPPs)

cerebral perfusion pressure
w:cerebral perfusion pressure

(physiology) Initialism of cerebral perfusion pressure: the net pressure gradient causing cerebral blood flow to the brain.


physiogenic

Arising from physiological rather than psychological causes.


ammoniagenesis

(physiology) The metabolism of glutamine to form ammonia and a glutarate


hepatofugal

(physiology) Flowing outwards from the liver (along the portal vein).


hepatopetal

(physiology) Towards the interior of the liver (along the portal vein).


interorganic

(anatomy, physiology) Between organs (of the body)


macrokinesis

(biology, physiology) The relatively large-scale movement of nutrients around an organism


sideremia

(physiology, medicine) The presence of iron in the blood serum (which is always true, in some amount or other).

en:any degree of iron in the blood
en:excess iron in the blood

(physiology, medicine) The presence of excess iron in the blood serum.


amphocholeretic

(physiology) That stimulates both the production and elimination of bile


lymphoimmune

(physiology, immunology) Describing the lymphatic and immune systems and their interaction


viscerotopic

(physiology) Relating to the parts of the viscera, especially as perceived by the senses


abopercular

Thin filaments (70 nm) composed of spore wall material were observed projecting from an abopercular thickening of the spore wall.

2014, Andrew D. Winters, Mohamed Faisal, “Molecular and ultrastructural characterization of Haplosporidium diporeiae n. sp., a parasite of Diporeia sp. (Amphipoda, Gammaridea) in the Laurentian Great Lakes (USA).”, in Parasites and Vectors, →DOI:

(biology, physiology, medicine, parasitology) On the opposite side from the opercular side.


adrenogenital

(physiology) Relating to the effects of adrenocortical hormones


bathyesthesia

(physiology) Any sensation that arises from below the skin


biasterionic

(anatomy, physiology) Relating to, or connecting both asterions


calciostat

(physiology) The mechanism whereby parathyroid hormone production keeps the level of calcium in the blood stable.


A-a

A-a gradient

(physiology) Initialism of alveolar-arterial.