sthenic

en-adj

sthenic (comparative more sthenic, superlative most sthenic)

more sthenic (comparative)
most sthenic (superlative)

From New Latin sthenicus, from Ancient Greek σθένος (sthénos, “strength”).

cog

The resultant outcome of them is in any case what [Immanuel] Kant calls a ‘sthenic’ affection, an excitement of the cheerful, expansive, ‘dynamogenic’ order which, like any tonic, freshens our vital powers.

1902, William James, “Lecture XX: Conclusions”, in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […] , New York, N.Y.; London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 505:

(pathology, archaic) Characterized by nervous energy; robust, strong.

sthenisch

characterized by nervous energy — see also robust, strong


rupia

From Ancient Greek ῥυπία (rhupía), from ῥύπος (rhúpos, “filth”).


DS

(pathology) Initialism of drug susceptible or drug sensitive.


immunotherapy

(immunology) The treatment of disease (especially cancers and autoimmune diseases) by adjusting the body's immune response.

(immunology, oncology) The treatment of cancer by improving the ability of the host to reject a tumour immunologically: cancer immunotherapy.


strep throat

(pathology) An infection of the throat with streptococci.


autolytic

/ˌɔːtəˈlɪtɪk/


autolysis

From auto- (“self”) + -lysis (“breakdown”).

(pathology, cytology) The destruction of an organism's cells by enzymes produced by the organism itself.

саморазлагане

the destruction of an organism's cells by enzymes

(pathology) The autodigestion of the tissues of an organism.

(pathology) The autocytolysis of blood cells.


kyphosis

en-noun

kyphosis (countable and uncountable, plural kyphoses)

kyphoses (plural)
cyphosis (alternative)

From Ancient Greek κυφός (kuphós, “humpback, bent”) + -osis.

der

(pathology) An abnormal convex curvature of the spine in the cervical or lumbar regions of the spine.


contrecoup

Borrowed from French contrecoup, from contre (Latin contra) + coup a blow.

These injuries, known as contrecoup injuries, appear on the opposite side of the brain from the point of impact because the brain is flung against its own protective (or in this case not-so-protective) casing.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 79:

(pathology) A bruising of the brain caused by a blow, appearing on the opposite side to that on which the blow was struck.


epiphenomenon

en-noun

epiphenomenon (plural epiphenomena or (nonstandard) epiphenomenons)

epiphenomena (plural)
epiphenomenons (nonstandard plural)
epiphaenomenon (alternative)
epiphænomenon (alternative)

/ˌɛpɪfəˈnɒmɪnən/

/ˌɛpəfəˈnɑməˌnɑn/

/ˌɛpɪfəˈnɒmɪnə/

/ˌɛpəfəˈnɑmənə/

PIE word
 *h₁epi
From epi- (prefix meaning ‘above, on, over; in addition to’) + phenomenon. Phenomenon is derived from Late Latin phaenomenon (“appearance”), from Ancient Greek φαινόμενον (phainómenon, “thing that appears in one’s view; appearance; phenomenon”), a noun use of the neuter singular form of φαινόμενος (phainómenos), the present middle or passive participle of φαίνω (phaínō, “to cause to appear; to reveal, show, uncover; to expound”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to glow with light, to shine”).
The plural epiphenomena is derived from epi- + phenomena.

der

EPIPHÆNOMENA, […] Signs in Diſeaſes which appear afterwards.

[1721, N[athan] Bailey, “EPIPHÆNOMENA”, in An Universal Etymological English Dictionary: […], London: […] E. Bell, J. Darby, […], →OCLC, column 2:

The appetite commonly remains little impaired, but it is conjoined with the fear of taking food. The tongue is generally clean, and the taste natural; a contrary state the author considers and denominates an epiphenomenon.

1820 February, “Art. V. Monographie des Dégénérations scirrheuses de l’Estomac. Par Frédéric Chardel, D.M. &c. A Paris, 1808. pp. 213. [book review]”, in [John Anderson], editor, The Quarterly Journal of Foreign Medicine and Surgery; and of the Sciences Connected with Them, volume II, number VI, London: […] [Anderson and Co.] for F. C. and J. Rivington, […], and J[ohn] Anderson, […], →OCLC, page 164:

In all cases, the presence of bile in the blood is a mere epiphænomenon, and therefore demands no special attention.

1845 April, Samuel G. White, “Clinical Lectures and Reports. Philadelphia Hospital. Saturday, January 4, 1845. Clinic of Professor [Robley] Dunglison.”, in Robert M. Huston, editor, The Medical Examiner, and Record of Medical Science, volume I (New Series; volume VIII overall), number IV, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lindsay & Blakiston, […], →OCLC, page 210:

In amenorrhœa, epistaxis is by no means unfrequent; and often relieves the anomalous symptoms, especially those referable to the encephalon, which are the results of the irregular hyperæmia thus induced. The same may be said of it as an epiphænomenon in febrile affections—inflammatory and adynamic,—of which conditions it is often an important symptom.

1848, Robley Dunglison, “Diseases of the Nose”, in The Practice of Medicine: A Treatise on Special Pathology and Therapeutics. […], 3rd edition, volume II, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea and Blanchard, →OCLC, book VII (Diseases of the Organs of the Senses), page 352:

If a lady patient comes to your office and complains of severe backache, weight in the rectum, and a general bearing down, as she will call it, and has leucorrhœa with dysmenorrhœa, nervous disturbances, lame and difficult locomotion, menorrhagia, dyspareunia, pelvic neuralgia, epigastric depression, gastric derangement, uterine colic or tenesmus, sterility and many other symptoms that are epiphænomena of their own, do not, I beg of you, sit up very late, looking for the indicated remedy, for most likely you have a perfect case of retroversion, which is producing all of these annoying symptoms, by creating congestion of the uterine body, obstructing the cervical canal, and causing pressure on the rectum, congestion of the ovaries, and reflex nervous manifestations.

1882 June, Phil Porter, “Stenosis of the Cervix Uteri”, in E. A. Lodge, Sen’r, editor, The American Observer Medical Monthly: […], volume IX (New Series; volume XIX overall), Detroit, Mich.: E. A. Lodge, Sen’r, […], →OCLC, page 280:

(pathology) A symptom that develops during the course of a disease that is not connected to the disease.


elephantiasis

en-noun

elephantiasis (usually uncountable, plural elephantiases)

elephantiases (plural)
elephantitis (alternative)
elephantitus (alternative)

From Latin elephantiasis or directly from Ancient Greek ἐλεφᾰντῐ́ᾱσῐς (elephăntĭ́āsĭs).

bor

ἐλεφᾰντῐ́ᾱσῐς

(pathology) A complication of chronic filariasis, in which nematode worms block the lymphatic vessels, usually in the legs or scrotum, causing extreme enlargement of the infected area.

(pathology, obsolete) Synonym of leprosy.


xeroderma

en-noun

xeroderma (countable and uncountable, plural xerodermas or xerodermata)

xerodermas (plural)
xerodermata (plural)

(pathology) Any of various skin diseases characterised by dry, hard, scaly skin, especially ichthyosis.

xéirideirme

pathology: any of various skin diseases characterised by dry hard scaly skin


euryopia

(pathology) A condition in which the eyes are open abnormally wide.


anoia

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἄνοια (ánoia).


morbidly obese

en-adj

morbidly obese (comparative more morbidly obese, superlative most morbidly obese)

more morbidly obese (comparative)
most morbidly obese (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-morbidly obese.wav

(pathology) Obese to an extent that is life-threatening.


occlusive ileus

(pathology) A condition in which the intestines become completely blocked or occluded.


melancholia

en-noun

melancholia (countable and uncountable, plural melancholias)

From Late Latin melancholia, which was in turn borrowed from the Ancient Greek medical term μελαγχολία (melankholía, “blackness of the bile”), from μέλας (mélas), μελαν- (melan-, “black, dark, murky”) + χολή (kholḗ, “bile”). Doublet of melancholy.

(pathology) depression, characterised by irrational fears, guilt and apathy


puerperal fever

puerperal fever (countable and uncountable, plural puerperal fevers)

It was the rise of penicillin, not improved hygiene, that finally conquered puerperal fever.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 344:

(pathology, obstetrics) A fever, following childbirth or abortion, due to infection of the uterus.


scarlatina

scarlatina (usually uncountable, plural scarlatinas)


leptospirosis

leptospirosis (countable and uncountable, plural leptospiroses)

An acute, infectious, febrile disease of both humans and animals, caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira.


-cephaly

From French -céphalie, German -zephalie, or Latin -cephalia, from Ancient Greek κεφαλή (kephalḗ, “head”) and a suffix: French -ie, German -ie, or Latin -ia.


racemose

From Latin racēmōsus (“full of clusters”), from racēmus (“cluster, bunch”).

(pathology, of a disease) expressing such a pattern


methenamine

methenamine (countable and uncountable, plural methenamines)

methenamines (plural)
urotropin (alternative)
urotropine (alternative)

methenamine silver
methenamine silver#English

(pathology) Synonym of methenamine silver.


vasculitis

vasculitis (countable and uncountable, plural vasculitises or vasculitides)

vasculitises (plural)
vasculitides (plural)

(pathology) A group of diseases featuring inflammation of the wall of blood vessels.


alkalosis

alkalosis (countable and uncountable, plural alkaloses)

From alkali + -osis, on the model of earlier acidosis.

An abnormally increased alkalinity in the blood.


syrinx

/sɪˈɹɪnd͡ʒiːz/

Learned borrowing from Latin sȳrinx (“reed; reed pipe, panpipes”), from Ancient Greek σῦριγξ (sûrinx, “panpipes; pipe-shaped object”), from Pre-Greek. Doublet of syringe.
The plural form syringes is a learned borrowing from Latin sȳringes.

der

The division of fluid-filled cavities, or syrinxes, into those lined with ependyma (hydromyelia) and those not so lined (syringomyelia) is probably somewhat artificial.

1989, Margaret M[iriam] Esiri, D. R. Oppenheimer, “The Cut-up”, in Diagnostic Neuropathology: A Practical Manual, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Blackwell Scientific Publications, →ISBN, page 32, column 2:

The myelin around the syrinx shows changes similar to edematous white matter, probably due to tearing of the tissues and transudation of serous fluid into them.

1990, W[alter] J[osef] Huk, “Malformations of the CNS [Central Nervous System]”, in W. J. Huk, G[ünther] Gademann, G[erd] Friedmann [et al.], translated by Terry Telger, Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Central Nervous System Diseases: Functional Anatomy—Imaging—Neurological Symptoms—Pathology, Berlin; Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg: Springer, →ISBN, part IV (Special Topics), page 164, column 1:

A syrinx (Latin, "tube") is a neuroglial cell-lined, fluid-filled cavity ("syringomyelia" in the spinal cord; "syringobulbia" in the brain stem) possibly due to an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid, genetic malformations, or the proliferation and subsequent regression of embryonic cell nests. A syrinx within the central canal interrupts the decussating spinothalamic tract fibers resulting in bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensations around the level of the lesion.

2024, N. Nevin, M. M. Danzi, E. Ulanowski, M. R. Wiegand, “Orthopaedic Neurology”, in Jeffrey D. Placzek, David A. Boyce, editors, Orthopaedic Physical Therapy Secrets, 4th edition, St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier Health Sciences, →ISBN, page 161:

(neurology, pathology) Any of several abnormal tube-shaped structures in the body, especially a rare, fluid-filled neuroglial cavity in the brain stem or within the spinal cord.

фистула

any of several abnormal tube-shaped structures in the body


tabes dorsalis

en-noun

tabes dorsalis (countable and uncountable, plural tabes dorsales)

From tabes + dorsalis, "tabes of the back".

(pathology) tabes of the back; a degeneration of the sensory neurons of the spinal cord carrying afferent information.


narco

I too am a narco. Have been for about 10 years.

1998 January 6, “Not many postings?”, in alt.support.narcolepsy (Usenet):

Besides, staying awake on your first day at a new job is definitely NOT a problem (unless you're a narco or something...).

1999 February 1, Sean Flynn, “Life's dilemmas - sometimes, they ARE a bitch..”, in rec.music.hip-hop (Usenet):

Apneics, Others, and Narcos all gossip merrily on the walk back to our cabins.

2007, Karen Russell, St. Lucy's Home for Girls Raised by Wolves, →ISBN, page 62:

(pathology) Someone suffering from narcolepsy


hypothyroidism

hypothyroidism (countable and uncountable, plural hypothyroidisms)

/ˌhaɪpəˈθaɪɹɔɪˌdɪzəm/

/ˌhaɪpəʊˈθaɪɹɔɪˌdɪzəm/

Coined some time between 1900 and 1905 from hypo- (“under”) + thyroid + -ism.

(pathology) The disease state caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland.

甲状腺機能低下症

こうじょうせんきのうていかしょう


hypoglycemic

en-adj

hypoglycemic (comparative more hypoglycemic, superlative most hypoglycemic)

more hypoglycemic (comparative)
most hypoglycemic (superlative)
hypoglycaemic (alternative)
hypoglycæmic (alternative)

(pathology) Suffering from hypoglycemia.


teratogen

(teratology) Any agent or substance which can cause malformation of an embryo or birth defects.


endocarditis

en-noun

endocarditis (countable and uncountable, plural endocarditides or endocarditises)

endocarditides (plural)
endocarditises (plural)

(pathology, cardiology) An inflammation of the endocardium and sometimes also the heart valves.


tinea

tinea (countable and uncountable, plural tineas or tineae)

Her knees were ingrained with dirt, her toes raw with tinea, her fingernails black and broken.

1985, Peter Carey, Illywhacker, Faber and Faber, published 2003, page 6:

(pathology) A fungal infection of the skin, known generally as ringworm.


pathogenomics

(genetics, pathology) genomic research on pathogenic microorganisms


hypercapnia

hypercapnia (usually uncountable, plural hypercapnias)

From hyper- + capn- + -ia; more at capno- § Etymology.

(medicine, pathology) The condition of abnormally elevated carbon dioxide in the blood.

فرط ثنائي أكسيد الكربون في الدم

condition of having an abnormally high concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood


otalgic

(pathology, pharmacology) Of or pertaining to otalgia.


reflux

reflux (countable and uncountable, plural refluxes)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-reflux.wav

(pathology) The leaking of stomach acid up into the oesophagus.


histoplasmosis

histoplasmosis (countable and uncountable, plural histoplasmoses)

(pathology) A lung disease caused by a fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum, often asymptomatic otherwise with symptoms similar to those of flu.


hyperglycemia

hyperglycemia (countable and uncountable, plural hyperglycemias)

hyperglycemias (plural)
hyperglycaemia (alternative)
hyperglycæmia (alternative)

From hyper- + glycemia or hyper- + glyc + -emia.

(pathology) An unusually high concentration of sugar in the blood

glycemia

polysemic; may be hypernym, synonym, or coordinate term, depending on sense used


ketosis

ketosis (countable and uncountable, plural ketoses)

(pathology) A metabolic state in which the body produces ketones to be used as fuel by some organs so that glycogen can be reserved for organs that depend on it. This condition occurs during times of fasting, starvation, or while on a ketogenic diet.

酮病

metabolic state involving production of ketones


low-grade

en-adj

low-grade (comparative lower grade, superlative lowest grade)

lower grade (comparative)
lowest grade (superlative)
low grade (alternative)
lowgrade (alternative)

These studies have identified a novel role for MLKL in aging, revealing a delay in the age-related reduction in circulating lymphocytes and a protection from chronic, low-grade, sterile inflammation in female Mlkl^(–/–) aged mice.

2023 February 8, Emma C. Tovey Crutchfield, Sarah E. Garnish, Jessica Day, Holly Anderton, Shene Chiou, Anne Hempel, Cathrine Hall, Komal M. Patel, Pradnya Gangatirkar, Katherine R. Martin, Connie S. N. Li Wai Suen, , Alexandra L. Garnham, Andrew J. Kueh, Ian P. Wicks, John Silke, Ueli Nachbur, Andre L. Samson, James M. Murphy, Joanne M. Hildebrand, “MLKL deficiency protects against low-grade, sterile inflammation in aged mice”, in Cell Death & Differentiation, volume 30, →DOI, pages 1059–1071:

Elevated cytokine levels in chronic viral infections are attributed to a number of stimuli. In HIV infection, chronic activation has been linked to ongoing low-grade viral replication, presence of opportunistic infections, and microbial translocation.

2023 June 29, Elizabeth S. Mayne, Jaya A. George, Susan Louw, “Assessing Biomarkers in Viral Infection”, in Application of Omic Techniques to Identify New Biomarkers and Drug Targets for COVID-19, Springer, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 159–173:

Clinical Presentation
Patients with septic arthritis or osteomyelitis classically present acutely with localized pain and swelling, joint stiffness, low-grade fever, chills, anorexia, and malaise.

2024 May 31, Shuliang Ge, Jinhang Wen, Swee-Tian Quek, Wilfred C. G. Peh, “Imaging of Shoulder Infection”, in Medical Radiology, Springer, →DOI, pages 1–22:


teratogenic

teratogenic (comparative more teratogenic, superlative most teratogenic)

more teratogenic (comparative)
most teratogenic (superlative)

(teratology) Of, relating to, malformations or defects to an embryo or fetus.

In particular, the impact of the biomaterial used remains to be defined; grafting (biotissue can be introduced via direct cell implantation (cell therapy), biotissue transplantation, or gene therapy); risk of teratogenic effect and of immune reaction (i.e., in the umbilical cord cells the immune risk being weaker); religious and legal issues with respect to the different country regulations.

2015 August 2, J.-F. Stoltz et al., “Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine: Myth or Reality of the 21th Century”, in Stem Cells International, volume 2015, →DOI:

[…] as well as chemicals (potentially toxic) used in daily routine in research and educational institutes, industries (e.g., carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic) and in household that may confer danger to the living beings if discharged in the umbworld.

2018, Pankaj,, Sharma, Anita, Microbial Biotechnology in Environmental Monitoring and Cleanup, page 176:

(teratology) Causing malformations or defects to an embryo or fetus.


allo-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-allo-.wav

From Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”), from Proto-Hellenic *áľľos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (English else).

allolalia is any speech disorder resulting from cerebral damage, allochromasia is a defect in colour vision, allorhythmia is an irregular pattern of the heartbeat

Different, distinct, or other with respect to the root.

(pathology) Abnormal, defective with respect to the root.


presbycusis

(otolaryngology, pathology) Inability of the ears, due to aging, to perceive and focus on high-pitched sounds.

presbyacousie

inability to focus on high-pitched sounds


valvulitis

en-noun

valvulitis (usually uncountable, plural valvulitides)

(pathology) Inflammation of a valve, especially a heart valve.


meningocele

(pathology) A form of spina bifida in which a meningeal sac of cerebrospinal fluid protrudes through the skull.


adrenalitis

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-adrenalitis.wav

(pathology) Inflammation of one or both adrenal glands, leading to an insufficiency of cortisol and/or aldosterone.

adrenalitis

inflammation of one or both adrenal glands


oncogene

It was obvious from the start what kinds of genes oncogenes would turn out to be – genes that encourage cells to grow.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 234:

(oncology, genetics) Any gene that contributes to the conversion of a normal cell into a cancerous cell when mutated or expressed at high levels.


dystopic

en-adj

dystopic (comparative more dystopic, superlative most dystopic)

more dystopic (comparative)
most dystopic (superlative)


monophasia

(pathology) A type of aphasia where the sufferer is only able to speak a single word or sentence.


familial

From French familial (“relating to a family; familial”), from Latin familia (“family (in the sense of the slaves working for a household); household”) (from famulus (“servant; slave”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁-m-eló-, from *dʰeh₁- (“to do, place, put”)) + French -al (adjective-forming suffix) (from Latin -ālis, from Proto-Indo-European *-li-). Doublet of familiar.

der

fatal familial insomnia

Cerebral CMs [cavernous malformations] are, for the majority of cases, sporadic lesions. However, familial incidences have been documented for quite some time. In 1928, Kufs reported two cases: an 81-year-old man who presented with "multiple intercranial nodular telangiectases," and his daughter, suspected of harboring a lesion in the pons.

1993, Frank P. K. Hsu, Daniele Rigamonti, Stephen L. Huhn, “Epidemiology of Cavernous Malformations”, in Issam A. Awad, Daniel L. Barrow, editors, Cavernous Malformations, Park Ridge, Ill.: American Association of Neurological Surgeons, →ISBN, page 15, column 2:

Familial history of cerebral aneurysms in several families has been reported. […] To determine whether familial history is a risk factor, [Wouter] Schievink et al conducted a community-based study of familial aneurysmal SAH [subarachnoid hemorrhage].

1997, James C. Torner, Patricia H. Davis, “Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestations of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage”, in Joshua B. Bederson, editor, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Pathophysiology and Management (Neurosurgical Topics), Park Ridge, Ill.: American Association of Neurological Surgeons, →ISBN, page 12, column 2:


SIV

en-noun

SIV (countable and uncountable, plural SIVs)

simian immunodeficiency virus
simian immunodeficiency virus#English

(virology) Initialism of simian immunodeficiency virus.

(virology) Initialism of swine influenza virus, usually Influenza A virus.


bends

decompression sickness
decompression sickness#English

(underwater diving, pathology, usually with the) Synonym of decompression sickness.


hebephrenia

hebephrenia (countable and uncountable, plural hebephrenias)

hebephrenias (plural)
hebephrene (alternative)

From Ancient Greek ἥβη (hḗbē, “youthful beauty”) (also Ἥβη (Hḗbē, “the goddess Hebe”)) + φρήν (phrḗn, “mind”).

uder

Sir: drinking is a problem without doubt: / Whether or not we like it, whether or not / The goddamn thing will put you on the spot / With heebiejeebies hebephrene or gout: / Or lumbago will set you tapping out / On brass ferrule to stool, to rest, to rot.

(clinical psychology) A form of schizophrenia characterized by inappropriate behavior and emotional responses.


keratoconus

(pathology) A degenerative non-inflammatory disorder of the eye in which structural changes within the cornea cause it to thin and change to a more conical shape than its normal even curve.


keloid

19th century, from French chéloïde, from Ancient Greek χηλή (khēlḗ, “hoof”) and -oid.

It gave her otherwise plain face a broken excitement and blue-blade threat like the keloid scar of the razored man who sometimes played checkers with her grandmother.

(pathology) A hard raised growth of scar tissue at the site of an injury.


keloid

en-verb

keloid (third-person singular simple present keloids, present participle keloiding, simple past and past participle keloided)

keloids (present singular third-person)
keloiding (participle present)
keloided (participle past)
keloided (past)
cheloid (alternative)

The scar on his neck from running through that plate glass on one of our licks has keloided smooth and shiny.

2013, Ann Pearlman, Colton Simpson, Inside the Crips: Life Inside L.A.'s Most Notorious Gang:

(pathology, intransitive) To form a keloid.


valley fever

(pathology) Coccidioidomycosis, a mammalian fungal disease caused by Coccidioides immitis or Coccidioides posadasii.


restenosis

en-noun

restenosis (countable and uncountable, plural restenoses)

/ˌɹiːstɪˈnəʊsɪs/

Marathe's wife was dying slowly of ventricular restenosis.

1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest […], Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 126:

(pathology) The recurrence of stenosis, especially that of an artery.


stenosis

stenosis (countable and uncountable, plural stenoses)

From New Latin stenōsis, from Ancient Greek στένωσις (sténōsis, “narrowing”), from στενόω (stenóō, “to confine, to contract”) + -σις (-sis, nominal suffix), equivalent to steno- + -osis.

af

(medicine, pathology) An abnormal narrowing or stricture in a blood vessel or other tubular organ.


myocarditis

en-noun

myocarditis (countable and uncountable, plural myocardites or myocarditides or myocarditises)

myocardites (plural)
myocarditides (plural)
myocarditises (plural)

(pathology, cardiology) Inflammation of the myocardium.


papovavirus

(archaic, virology) Any of the former family Papovaviridae, now split into the Papillomaviridae and Polyomaviridae families, of viruses that cause papillomas or polyomas in animals.


chlorosis

chlorosis (countable and uncountable, plural chloroses)

From international scientific vocabulary, from New Latin; by surface analysis, chlor- + -osis, where chlor- in this instance refers to pale yellow-green colorations and not to chlorine.

Chlorosis (medicine)
Chlorosis (plant disorder)

jaundice

also involves pale and yellowish complexions

en:yellowing of plants from chlorophyll disturbances

(botany, phytopathology, uncountable) A yellowing of plant tissue due to loss or absence of chlorophyll.


cerebral palsy

cerebral palsy (countable and uncountable, plural cerebral palsies)

(neurology, pathology) A group of non-progressive, non-contagious conditions, caused by brain damage before birth or during infancy, characterized by impairment of muscular coordination.


It has similar structure to human epidermal growth factor receptor, or HER. Initialism of Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2.

init of

(oncology) Receptor which is the target for the drug trastuzumab in chemotherapy.


actinic keratosis

en-noun

actinic keratosis (plural actinic keratoses)

Approximately 1:1000 actinic keratoses per year will develop into a squamous cell carcinoma (28). Risk factors for the development of actinic keratosis include ease of sunburning and cumulative sun exposure (30).

2001, Steven M. Ruhoy, Alan R. Silverman, “26: Pathology of Selected Skin Lesions of the Head and Neck: II: Actinic Keratosis”, in Leon Barnes, editor, Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck, volume 3, page 1797:

The term actinic keratosis has traditionally been used in both human and veterinary literature; however solar keratosis is a more accurate term because these lesions are associated with chronic exposure to solar radiation.[…]American Staffordshire terriers, beagles, basset hounds, bull terriers and dalmatians are reported to be at increased risk of developing actinic keratoses.

2002, Randall C. Thomas, Leslie R. Fox, “Chapter 32: Tumors of the Skin and Subcutis”, in Wallace B. Morrison, editor, Cancer in Dogs and Cats: Medical and Surgical Management, page 472:

Actinic keratoses occur in sun-exposed areas: the face, dorsum of the hands and forearms, neck, upper back, and chest.[…]An actinic keratosis is rough, scaling, and ill marginated; it is often easier felt than seen.

2013, James G. Marks Jr., Jeffrey J. Miller, Lookingbill and Marks' Principles of Dermatology, 5th edition, page 43:

(medicine, pathology, dermatology) A potentially precancerous skin lesion, typically on the upper portion of the head, characterized by discolored, thickened or scaly growths of keratin and caused by repeated exposure to ultraviolet light, such as from sunlight or tanning beds.

تقران سفعي/تقرن سفعي

skin lesion characterized by discolored, thickened growths of keratin


parvovirus

Any single-stranded DNA virus, of the genus Parvovirus, being the smallest found in nature; they infect only mammals other than humans.


hemimegaloencephaly

(pathology) A condition where one hemisphere of the brain grows faster or larger than the other, causing neurological impairment.


necrotic

en-adj

necrotic (comparative more necrotic, superlative most necrotic)

more necrotic (comparative)
most necrotic (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-necrotic.wav

(pathology) Of or pertaining to necrosis, particularly of tissue.


pellagra

en-noun

pellagra (countable and uncountable, plural pellagras)

From Lombard pellagra, probably from Latin pellis (“skin”) + Lombard -agra (“sour”).

In 1755 the French physician Gaspar Casal (1680–1759) published an account of pellagra, then a new disease in Spain.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 531:

Mixing the alkali into the recipe in the right way chemically releases the otherwise unavailable niacin in the corn, which stops pellagra in its tracks, and allowed corn-based agricultural populations to grow and spread.

2016, Joseph Henrich, chapter 7, in The Secret of Our Success […] , Princeton: Princeton University Press, →ISBN:

(pathology) A disease characterised by skin lesions and mental confusion, primarily caused by a niacin deficiency.


breakbone fever

Coinage attributed to Benjamin Rush because of the symptoms of myalgia and arthralgia.


autoimmunity

autoimmunity (countable and uncountable, plural autoimmunities)

This can be demonstrated in NOD mice in which a point mutation in the autoimmune regulator (Aire) gene results in the reduced expression of P0 in the thymus and a concomitant increase of P0 specific T cells in the periphery. 107 Similarly, autoimmunity is shifted towards the peripheral nerve in another NOD model deficient for isoforms of ICAM-1. 108 Altered expression of ICAM-1 on thymic epithelial cells transforms selection of T cells from a diabetogenic into a neuritogenic repertoire. 108 Studies such as these highlight the critical role of regulatory mechanisms in maintaining immune homeostasis and the impact that changes to regulation can have on the development of disease.

2015 February 12, Emily K Mathey et al., “Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: from pathology to phenotype”, in Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, volume 86, →DOI:

Iberdomide, a cereblon modulator promoting degradation of the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos, which affect leukocyte development and autoimmunity, is being evaluated for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

2022 March 17, Joan T. Merrill, Victoria P. Werth, Richard Furie et al., “Phase 2 Trial of Iberdomide in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 386, number 11, →DOI, page 1034:

(pathology, immunology) The condition where one's immune system attacks one's own tissues, i.e., an autoimmune disorder.

autoimmunitat

condition where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues


autoimmune

/ˌɔːtəʊɪˈmjuːn/

(pathology, immunology) Of or pertaining to autoimmunity.


hemorrhoid

hemorrhoids (plural)
haemorrhoid (alternative)
hæmorrhoid (alternative)

From Middle English emerowdes, emeroides, emeroydez, from Old French emorroides, from Latin haemorrhoidae, from Ancient Greek αἱμορροΐς (haimorrhoḯs),
a feminine adjective from αἱμόρροος (haimórrhoos, “flowing with blood”), from αἷμα (haîma, “blood”) and the root of ῥέω (rhéō, “flow”). Doublet of emerod.

(pathology, often in the plural) An engorged, dilated and easily broken varicosity in the perianal area, often accompanied by intense itching and throbbing pain: piles.


empty nest syndrome

A feeling of loneliness or depression experienced by some parents when their children have matured and left home.


precancerous

(oncology) Of or pertaining to growth that is likely to develop into cancer

prekancerózní

of or pertaining to growth that is likely to develop into cancer


norovirus

/ˈnɒɹə(ʊ)vaɪɹəs/

The norovirus causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and stomach cramping.

(virology) Norovirus, the genus of Norwalk virus, which causes gastric distress in humans.


emesis

emesis (countable and uncountable, plural emeses)

From Ancient Greek ἔμεσις (émesis), from ἐμέω (eméō, “vomit”). Compare ἔμετος (émetos, “vomit”, noun). Synchronically held to end in the suffix -esis.

Syrup of ipecac almost always forces an emesis.

A female, aged 57 years, was left affected with abdominal dropsy after an attack of fever. On the 3d of March, 1836, she took 6 drops of croton oil, and in the substances rejected by emeses, four living caterpillars were perceived at first, and subsequently ten others.

1837 May 5, “Living Caterpillars in the Human Intestines”, in Southern Medical and Surgical Journal, volume I, number 12, page 747:

Information included coexisting diseases, alcohol misuse, other substance misuse, medications taken at the same time as antituberculosis treatment (focusing on antiretroviral and azole antifungal agents), and the presence of gastrointentinal symptoms (nausea, emesis, diarrhoea, abdominal pain).

1996 October 5, Williamson Z. Bradford et al., “The changing epidemiology of acquired drug-resistant tuberculosis in San Francisco, USA”, in The Lancet, volume 348, number 9032, →PMID, page 929:

Several nurses stood outside the doors holding clipboards and dispensing yellow plastic emesis basins to a restless line of a least^([sic]) a dozen patients in long sleeves, heavy trousers, and work boots.

2010, Candace Calvert, chapter 1, in Disaster Status, Carol Stream: Tyndale House Publishers, page 7:

(pathology) The act or process of vomiting.


preeclampsia

preeclampsia (usually uncountable, plural preeclampsias)

preeclampsias (plural)
pre-eclampsia (alternative)
preëclampsia (alternative)

(pathology) A complication of pregnancy, affecting about 2-20% of women, depending on location, characterized by hypertension and damage to the linings of the blood vessels of the brain, liver, lungs and kidneys, which can lead to multiple organ failure, convulsions, coma and death. The only cure is delivery of the child.


eclampsia

eclampsia (usually uncountable, plural eclampsias)

eclampsias (plural)
eclampsy (alternative)

Borrowed from New Latin eclampsia, from French éclampsie, from Ancient Greek ἔκλᾰμψῐς (éklămpsĭs, “sudden development, violent onset”, literally “brightness”), from ἐκλᾰ́μπω (eklắmpō, “to shine or beam forth; to burst forth violently”) + -σῐς (-sĭs, nominal suffix).

af

(pathology) A complication of pregnancy characterized by seizures and coma due to hypertension.


dry rot

dryrot (alternative)
dry-rot (alternative)

(phytopathology) A fungal infection which affects plants, in particular potatoes.


phthisic

en-noun

phthisic (countable and uncountable, plural phthisics)

phthisics (plural)
phthisick (alternative)
tisick (alternative)
phthisique (alternative)
tisic (alternative)
tizzic (alternative)
tizzick (alternative)
tissick (alternative)

From Middle English tisike, from Anglo-Norman, from Latin phthisicus (“suffering from tuberculosis”), from Ancient Greek φθισικός (phthisikós, “consumptive”), from φθίσις (phthísis, “tuberculosis, consumption”).

der

(pathology) A wasting illness of the lungs, such as asthma or tuberculosis; consumption; phthisis.

(pathology, formerly) Any wasting disease.


root rot

en-noun

root rot (countable and uncountable, plural root rots)

root rots (plural)
rootrot (alternative)

(phytopathology) Any of several plant fungal diseases caused by having overwet roots.


screen test

screen tests (plural)
screentest (alternative)
screen-test (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-screen test.wav

(chemistry, pathology) A test for the presence of a particular substance; such a test that by extension tests for a particular organism or medical condition.


screen test

en-verb

screen test (third-person singular simple present screen tests, present participle screen testing, simple past and past participle screen tested)

screen tests (present singular third-person)
screen testing (participle present)
screen tested (participle past)
screen tested (past)
screentest (alternative)
screen-test (alternative)

He testified Moses' that^([sic – meaning that Moses']) blood screen tested positive for cocaine metabolites and Moses' urine screen tested positive for cocaine.

2004, West's Hawai'i Reports: Cases Decided in the Supreme Court, Intermediate Court of Appeals, Volume 103, West Publishing Company, page 118:

(chemistry, pathology) To test for a particular substance, organism or medical condition by means of a screen test.


diplopia

en-noun

diplopia (countable and uncountable, plural diplopias)

diplopias (plural)
diplopy (alternative)

As for Bodhidharma the only painting extant is too late to have been done from life. The sage’s eyes are crossed from his exertions. Diplopia giving the impression of the pineal eye, the Third Eye in full flower.

1985, Lawrence Durrell, chapter 3, in Quinx, New York: Viking, page 61:

That doctor also noted the diplopia and sent her for a CT scan.

2018 December 13, Lisa Sanders, M.D., “Why Was the Woman Having Trouble Seeing, if Her Eyes Were Fine?”, in The New York Times Magazine:

(pathology) An ophthalmologic condition where one perceives two images for a single object; double vision.


speech disorder

speech disorder (plural speech disorders)

(pathology) Any mental or bodily malfunction that makes expressing oneself by speech difficult.


viroid

Any of certain defective viruses, such as hepatitis D, a human pathogen.


aphtha

aphtha (countable and uncountable, plural aphthae)

From Ancient Greek ἄφθα (áphtha, “mouth ulcer”).

der

(pathology) Candidiasis, oral thrush, thrush (fungal infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth caused by any species of yeast from the genus Candida).


granuloma

en-noun

granuloma (plural granulomas or granulomata)

granulomas (plural)
granulomata (plural)

From granule + -oma. Among the many words derived from -oma that are in current common use, this word is one of only a few that do not denote a neoplasm; another is hematoma.

(pathology) an inflammatory nodule consisting of histiocytes (macrophages) attempting to wall off substances they perceive as foreign but are unable to eliminate, such as certain infectious organisms as well as other materials such as foreign objects, keratin and suture fragments.


black spot

black spot (countable and uncountable, plural black spots)

black spots (plural)
blackspot (alternative)

In areas where black spot is only a problem after heavy rain or later in the season, restrict spraying to these times, or if yellowing or spotted foliage is detected.

2006, Mary Moody, Mary Moody's Roses, Allen & Unwin, →ISBN, page 20:

(phytopathology, uncountable) A fungal disease among plants, particularly roses, that results in black spots on the leaves.


xenozoonosis

(pathology) An infectious disease transmitted from animal to human by transplantation of an animal tissue or organ into human body.


schistosomiasis

schistosomiasis (countable and uncountable, plural schistosomiases)

From schistosome + -iasis.
From scientific name Schistosoma + Ancient Greek -σις (-sis, nouns of action).

der

Investigation of Egyptian mummies has revealed calcified eggs in liver and kidney tissues, proving the presence of schistosomiasis in ancient Egypt.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 18:

(pathology) Any of various diseases of humans caused by parasitic blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma.


exophthalmos

en-noun

exophthalmos (usually uncountable, plural exophthalmoses)

exophthalmoses (plural)
exophthalmia (alternative)
exophthalmus (alternative)

(pathology) An abnormal protrusion of the eyeball from its socket.


endometriosis

endometriosis (countable and uncountable, plural endometrioses)

The cyclic changes characterizing endometrioses are particularly apparent in endometriosis of the bladder.

1934, Analytic Cyclopedia of Practical Medicine, volume 14, page 372:

This chapter will cover all types of extragenital endometriosis reported in the literature, besides bowel and urinary tract endometriosis, which are dealt with in detail elsewhere in this book.

2006, Agneta Bergqvist, “35: Distant endometriosis”, in Christopher Sutton, G. David Adamson, Kevin D. Jones, editors, Modern Management of Endometriosis, page 406:

One can treat all adnexal diseases including cysts and endometrioses of the rectovaginal septum.

2006, Michel Cosson, Denis Querleu, Daniel Dargent, Vaginal Surgery, page 301:

Endometriosis is classically defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma in ectopic locations. Affecting from 6% to 10% of reproductive-aged women, endometriosis may result in dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain and/or subfertility.

2008, Richard O. Burney, Linda C. Giudice, “10: Endometriosis: Section 10.1. The Pathogenesis of Endometriosis”, in Camran Nezhat, Farr Nezhat, Ceana Nezhat, editors, Nezhat's Operative Gynecologic Laparoscopy and Hysteroscopy, page 251:

Endometriosis, which involves tissue similar to uterine tissue growing elsewhere in the body, has myriad symptoms, including GI distress, migraines, discomfort during sex and abdominal pain that can range from debilitating to excruciating.

2023 June 20, Lauren Mechling, “The last health taboo: why are so many women still suffering with endometriosis?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(medicine, pathology) A condition characterised by the presence of endometrial-like tissue elsewhere than in the lining of the uterus; an instance of such presence.


virologist

(virology) A scientist or doctor who studies or specializes in viruses.

վիրուսաբան

scientist or doctor specializing in virology


motor neuron disease

(neurology, pathology) Any of several neurodegenerative disorders that selectively affect motor neurons.


Stockholm syndrome

→ Catalan: síndrome d'Estocolm

→ Dutch: stockholmssyndroom

→ French: syndrome de Stockholm

→ German: Stockholm-Syndrom

→ Italian: sindrome di Stoccolma

→ Portuguese: síndrome de Estocolmo

→ Spanish: síndrome de Estocolmo

→ Swedish: Stockholmssyndrom

Calque of Swedish Norrmalmstorgssyndrom. Named after the robbery of Kreditbanken at the Norrmalmstorg square in Stockholm, Sweden in which the bank robbers held bank employees hostage from August 23 to August 28, 1973. Originally, this term was directly translated from Swedish Norrmalmstorgssyndromet as the Norrmalmstorg syndrome, but later Norrmalmstorg was replaced with Stockholm, a word far more commonly known outside Sweden.

You're suffering from what humans call Stockholm Syndrome: you have bonded with your captors.

2001, Eoin Colfer, Artemis Fowl, page 259:

Natascha Kampusch, the 18 year old Austrian woman who escaped from her kidnapper last week after eight years in captivity,[…] is thought to be suffering from an extreme version of Stockholm syndrome, in which victims begin to associate and sympathise with their attackers.

A psychological condition in which a hostage emotionally bonds to their captor.


pemphigus

pemphigus (usually uncountable, plural pemphigi)

From Ancient Greek πέμφιξ (pémphix, “pustule”).

uder

(pathology) A severe autoimmune skin disease characterized by pustules and painful blisters, and which can be fatal.


psychopathology

en-noun

psychopathology (countable and uncountable, plural psychopathologies)

/ˌsaɪ̯kɒpəˈθɒlədʒɪ/

(medicine, pathology) The study of the origin, development, diagnosis and treatment of mental and behavioural disorders.


lordotic

(pathology) Of, relating to or afflicted with lordosis; having an abnormal backwards curvature of the spine.


lordosis

lordosis (countable and uncountable, plural lordoses)

From Ancient Greek λορδός (lordós, “bent backward”) + -osis.

suffix

(pathology) An excessive backwards curvature of the spine, causing a hollow in the back.


amoebic

en-adj

amoebic (comparative more amoebic, superlative most amoebic)

more amoebic (comparative)
most amoebic (superlative)

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting New Latin combining forms: amoeb- + -ic.

(biology, pathology) Relating to, or caused by an amoeba.

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


space sickness

motion sickness caused by the weightlessness of space flight


bipolar disorder

en-noun

bipolar disorder (countable and uncountable, plural bipolar disorders)

An open study comparing response to lamotrigine in patients with rapid-cycling versus non-rapid-cycling bipolar disorder also indicated efficacy, with some evidence that rapid-cycling patients with more severe manic symptoms at the start of treatment respod less well (367).

2002, American Psychiatric Association, American Journal of Psychiatry: Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients with Bipolar Disorder (Revision), page 30:

It^([switching]) is a term frequently used with children with bipolar disorder who may experience switching of mood multiple times throughout the day.

2003, Jane Mountain, Bipolar Disorder: Insights for Recovery, page 102:

Bipolar disorder is diagnosed if your child experiences a manic or mixed episode or recurring episodes of both mania and depression that cannot be accounted for by other causes.

2008, Tracy Anglada, Sheryl Hakala, Childhood Bipolar Disorder Answer Book, page 32:

The rapid mood shifts that people with BPD^([borderline personality disorder]) experience often lead to their being misdiagnosed with bipolar disorder. It is important to make the distinction between the mood shifts that characterize BPD and those of bipolar disorder.

2010, Valerie Porr, Overcoming Borderline Personality Disorder, page 51:

(clinical psychology, psychiatry) A psychiatric diagnostic category, previously called manic depression, characterised by mood swings between great energy (mania) and clinical depression.

双極性障害

そうきょくせいしょうがい


manic depression

(clinical psychology, psychiatry, dated) A psychiatric diagnostic category, now called bipolar disorder, characterised by mood swings between great energy (manic) and clinical depression.


scratches

From the behaviour induced by the disease, which causes scratching.

pastern dermatitis
pastern dermatitis#English

(pathology) Synonym of pastern dermatitis


knock-kneed

I called for the cheeses, and took them away in a cab. It was a ramshackle affair, dragged along by a knock-kneed, broken-winded somnambulist, which his owner, in a moment of enthusiasm, during conversation, referred to as a horse.

1889, Jerome K. Jerome, Three Men in a Boat […] :

(medicine, pathology) Having the knees abnormally close together, and the ankles spread apart.

(medicine, pathology) Of a person or animal, suffering from genu valgum (or tibia valga).


cytopathology

cytopathology (countable and uncountable, plural cytopathologies)

Holonym: cytohistopathology

Immune serum could block the cytopathology; a heatlabile factor was required.

2018, Douglas P. Fine, Complement Infectious Diseases:

fine-needle aspiration
fine-needle aspiration

(cytology, pathology) The branch of pathology that deals with abnormalities of cells, independently of the tissue architecture from which they came, as for example in aspiration biopsy such as fine-needle aspiration.


hyperemesis

hyperemesis (countable and uncountable, plural hyperemeses)

(pathology) Severe and excessive vomiting.


aphrasia

aphrasia (countable and uncountable, plural aphrasias)

(pathology) Condition of being unable to speak.


hyperthyroidism

hyperthyroidism (countable and uncountable, plural hyperthyroidisms)

/ˌhaɪ̯pəˈθaɪ̯ɹɔɪ̯ˌdɪzəm/

(pathology) The pathological condition resulting from these excess hormones.

hipertiroïdisme

pathological condition resulting from excess thyroid hormones


virology

virology (usually uncountable, plural virologies)

/vaɪˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/

The branch of microbiology that deals with the study of viruses and viral diseases.


malformation

malformation (countable and uncountable, plural malformations)

(teratology) An abnormal developmental feature of offspring.

уродливост

(teratology) abnormal developmental feature of offspring


vomito

vomito (countable and uncountable, plural vomitos)


dyscalculia

dyscalculia (countable and uncountable, plural dyscalculias)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: dyskalkuli

From dys- (from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “bad”)) + calculate (from Latin calculare).

af

from Ancient Greek <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">δυσ-</i> (dus-, “bad”)

from Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">calculare</i>

Some educators think requiring students with dyscalculia to study math in high school is a mistake because the dyscalculic students are unlikely to be capable of learning math.

(pathology) A learning disability characterized by significantly below average mathematical ability.


polyposis

(pathology) A hereditary disease characterised by numerous polyps that erupt in various parts of the body, especially the colon


polyuria

en-noun

polyuria (usually uncountable, plural polyurias)

(pathology) The production of an abnormally large amount of urine; one symptom of diabetes


serial interval

serial interval (plural serial intervals)

(pathology) In epidemiology of communicable (infectious) diseases, the time period between the onset of symptoms with the primary patient and the onset of symptoms with the secondary patient (infected by primary).


arthritic

en-adj

arthritic (comparative more arthritic, superlative most arthritic)

more arthritic (comparative)
most arthritic (superlative)

/ɑː(ɹ)θˈɹɪtɪk/

From Latin arthriticus (“gouty, arthritic”), from Ancient Greek.

Her arthritic wrists bothered her most in the winter.

(pathology) Of, or affected by arthritis.


arrhythmic

arrhythmic (comparative more arrhythmic, superlative most arrhythmic)

more arrhythmic (comparative)
most arrhythmic (superlative)

(pathology) Suffering from cardiac arrhythmia.


anticancer

Mitomycin C is an anticancer drug, and may be administered as part of chemotherapy.

(oncology) That is used to treat cancer.


trichome

From French trichome, from New Latin trichoma, from Ancient Greek τρίχωμα (tríkhōma), from θρίξ (thríx, “hair”) or independently from tricho- + -ome. Doublet of trichoma.

(pathology, cytology) A row of cells formed by successive cell divisions.


keratoconjunctivitis

(pathology) An inflammation of the cornea and the conjunctiva.


adynamia

en-noun

adynamia (countable and uncountable, plural adynamias)

(pathology) Lack or loss of strength, usually due to a disease.


polypus

From Latin polypus, from Ancient Greek πολύπους (polúpous). Doublet of polyp.

(hematology, pathology) A cardiac thrombus usually found post-mortem.


retinoblastoma

retinoblastoma (plural retinoblastomas or retinoblastomata)

retinoblastomas (plural)
retinoblastomata (plural)

Retinoblastoma has two distinct variants, an inherited “familial” form and a sporadic form.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 367:

(oncology) A malignant tumour of the retina; a hereditary condition found mostly in children.


cradle cap

cradle cap (countable and uncountable, plural cradle caps)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cradle cap.wav

(medicine, pathology) A form of seborrheic dermatitis that occurs on the scalps of infants, causing scaly, flaky, itchy, red skin.


chancre

Borrowed from French chancre (“cancer”), from Latin cancer (“crab”). Cognate to canker and cancer.

The nurse stood up and went towards the door. At that point the caretaker said to me, "It's a chancre she's got." I didn't understand, so I looked at the nurse and saw that she had a bandage round her head just below the eyes. Where her nose should have been, the bandage was flat. Her face seemed to be nothing but a white bandage.

1942, Albert Camus, 'The Stranger' (a.k.a 'The Outsider'), Joseph Laredo translation, Ch.1:

(pathology) Skin lesion, sometimes associated with certain contagious diseases such as syphilis.


purpura

purpura (countable and uncountable, plural purpuras)

Learned borrowing from Latin purpura. Doublet of purple and purpure.

(pathology) The appearance of red or purple discolorations on the skin that do not blanch when pressure is applied, caused by subdermal bleeding.


fungous

From Latin fungōsus. Equivalent to fungus + -ous.

(now rare, pathology) Of or containing a spongy, abnormal excrescence.


necrobiosis

necrobiosis (countable and uncountable, plural necrobioses)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-necrobiosis.wav

(pathology) The normal death of cells or tissues because of age-related changes.


oncological

/ˌɒŋkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəɫ/

(oncology) Of or pertaining to oncology.


oncologic

/ˌɒŋkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪk/


trastuzumab

From [Term?] + -tu- (“tumor”) + -zumab (“humanized monoclonal antibody”).

af

(pharmacology) A drug used in the treatment of breast cancer which targets the HER-2 oncogene.


Herceptin

A trademarked name for the anti-cancer drug trastuzumab.


Named for its similarity to ErbB (avian erythroblastosis oncogene B).

(oncology) Avian erythroblastosis oncogene B 2.


atherogenesis

en-noun

atherogenesis (usually uncountable, plural atherogeneses)

(pathology) The formation of atheromas, especially on the walls of the arteries


hallucinaut

Derived from the verb to hallucinate with suffix -naut (voyager, traveller).

Ravaillac, who assassinated Henri IV., imagined that he smelt fire and brimstone exhaling from his feet; he beheld figures dancing before him, ...and one day he fancied that he saw a death's head upon a statue, all which with many other hallucinations induced him to believe that his victim had been sentenced to be damned, and that it was necessary that he should perish by his hand. The details of the cruel execution of this hallucinaut need not here be recapitulated.

1849. Journal of Psychological Medicine and Mental Pathology, Page 548 http://books.google.com/books?id=OXgn9fbZxoYC&printsec=titlepage&dq=Hallucinaut

Hallucinaut Psychedelic Hallucinogenic Artwork By Patrick Gosch. Drawings, Fluorescent Blacklight Paintings And Other Psilocybin Mushroom DMT LSD Acid Inspired Art.


radioneuritis

(pathology) neuritis caused by exposure to ionizing radiation


nosology

nosology (countable and uncountable, plural nosologies)

From post-classical Latin nosologia, formed as from Ancient Greek νόσος (nósos, “disease”) + Ancient Greek -λογία (-logía, “discourse, branch of knowledge”).

der

2003: Thomas Arnold … constructed a nosology of insanity explicitly on the basis of the Lockean philosophy of mind — Roy Porter, Flesh in the Age of Reason (Penguin 2004, p. 312)

The characteristics or scientific understanding of a specific disease.


speech pathologist

en-noun

speech pathologist (plural speech pathologists)

A therapist who treats disorders of speech, language, swallowing, or voice; a specialist in speech pathology.


AVM

AVM (countable and uncountable, plural AVMs)

arteriovenous malformation
arteriovenous malformation#English

(medicine, pathology, countable) Initialism of arteriovenous malformation.

avian vacuolar myelinopathy
avian vacuolar myelinopathy#English

(pathology, ornithology) Initialism of avian vacuolar myelinopathy.


arteriovenous malformation

arteriovenous malformation (plural arteriovenous malformations)

(pathology) A congenital disorder in which arteries are connected directly to veins rather than through capillaries that distribute oxygen and nutrients. These connections, often called a nidus, can be extremely fragile and prone to bleeding.


acquired immune deficiency syndrome

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (uncountable)

AIDS (abbreviation)
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (alternative)

(pathology) An infectious disease, caused by HIV, that causes the gradual degeneration of the body's immune system.

infectious disease caused by HIV — see also AIDS

sindromi i mungesës së imunitetit të fituar

مُتَلَازِمَة نَقْص المَنَاعَة المُكْتَسَب

jeṙkʻberovi imunayin anbavararutʻyan hamaxtaniš

ձեռքբերովի իմունային անբավարարության համախտանիշ

sýndromo epíktitis anosologikís anepárkeias

σύνδρομο επίκτητης ανοσολογικής ανεπάρκειας

timim sapunniaġutiŋi inuŋasimmata naŋirrutinun

後天性免疫不全症候群

こうてんせいめんえきふぜんしょうこうぐん

jüre paida bolğan immunitet tapşylyğynyñ sindromy

жүре пайда болған иммунитет тапшылығының синдромы

jüre paida bolğan immundyq tapşylyq sindromy

жүре пайда болған иммундық тапшылық синдромы

naałniih yichʼą́ą́h naabaahígíí bąąh dahooʼaahgo


HIV virus

human immunodeficiency virus
human immunodeficiency virus#English

(virology, pleonastic) Synonym of HIV (“human immunodeficiency virus”)


human immunodeficiency virus

human immunodeficiency virus (plural human immunodeficiency viruses)

human immunodeficiency virus 1
human immunodeficiency virus 1

human immunodeficiency virus 2
human immunodeficiency virus 2

(virology) Either of the two related viruses, human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus 2 (HIV-2) that progressively destroy the body's immune system and can potentially lead to AIDS.

atsʼíís yichʼą́ą́h naabaah bąąh dahooʼaʼ


lung cancer

lung cancer (countable and uncountable, plural lung cancers)


genotoxin

(oncology) Any substance capable of causing damage to cellular DNA and thus producing mutations or cancer.


gumma

Borrowed from New Latin gumma, extended in meaning from Late Latin gumma (“gum, resin”), a late form of cummis, cummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), of Egyptian origin. Doublet of gum (Etymology 2).

(pathology) a soft, non-cancerous growth, a form of granuloma, resulting from the tertiary stage of syphilis.


virion

(virology) A single individual particle of a virus (the viral equivalent of a cell).


blastoma

blastoma (plural blastomas or blastomata)

(pathology) A tumour that is caused by malignancies in precursor cells or blasts.


pineoblastoma

pineoblastoma (plural pineoblastomas or pineoblastomata)

pineoblastomas (plural)
pineoblastomata (plural)


medulloblastoma

medulloblastoma (plural medulloblastomas or medulloblastomata)

medulloblastomas (plural)
medulloblastomata (plural)

(oncology) A malignant type of brain tumour that originates in the cerebellum


nephroblastoma

nephroblastoma (plural nephroblastomas or nephroblastomata)

nephroblastomas (plural)
nephroblastomata (plural)


pinealoma

pinealoma (plural pinealomas or pinealomata)

pinealomas (plural)
pinealomata (plural)

(pathology) A tumour of the pineal gland.


amelia

amelia (usually uncountable, plural amelias)

From a- + Ancient Greek μέλος (mélos, “limb”) + -ia.

As already mentioned, limb deficiencies – amelias and meromelias – represent an important group of limb abnormalities.

2006, Patrizia Ferretti, Andrew Copp, Cheryll Tickle, Embryos, Genes and Birth Defects, page 126:

The newborn examination confirms the diagnosis of amelia and distinguishes it from other limb deficiencies (e.g. terminal transverse defects) and sirenomelia.

2020, Birth Defects Surveillance: A Manual for Programme Managers, 2nd edition, World Health Organization, page 119:

2021, Femi Oyebode, Psychopathology of Rare and Unusual Syndromes, Royal College of Psychiatrists, Cambridge University Press, page 179,
Furthermore, the fact that people with amelia can experience phantom limbs, despite never having had any limbs, points to the existence of neural systems ready to respond to sensory inputs from limbs.

(pathology) The congenital absence of one or more limbs.


amelus

(pathology) A foetus born without limbs.


gonadoblastoma

gonadoblastoma (plural gonadoblastomas or gonadoblastomata)

gonadoblastomas (plural)
gonadoblastomata (plural)

(pathology, oncology) A tumour found in an ovary.


polymicrogyria

(pathology) A deformity of the brain such that it has an excessive number of small folds, causing mental retardation.

polymicrogyrie

a deformity of the brain such that it has an excessive number of small folds, causing mental retardation


glandular fever

glandular fever (usually uncountable, plural glandular fevers)


VOC

(virology) Abbreviation of variant of concern.


iritis

iritis (countable and uncountable, plural iritides)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-iritis.wav

(pathology) An inflammation of the iris.


teratology

teratology (countable and uncountable, plural teratologies)

From terato- + -logy, from Ancient Greek τέρας (téras, “monster”) + -λογία (-logía, “study of”).

affix

(toxicology) The study of the mechanisms, teratogenic agents, or teratogens, in bringing about malformations.

tératologie

(toxicology) study of the mechanisms in bringing about malformations.


syndactyly

en-noun

syndactyly (countable and uncountable, plural syndactylies)

From syn- + Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger”) + -y.

der

Pranamya Menaria (India; born August 10, 2005) has 25 in total (12 fingers and 13 toes). This is as a result of the condition Polydactyly and Syndactyly.

2008, Guinness World Records — Human Body — Extreme Bodies — Most Fingers and Toes — Living Person:

2012, Donald S. Bae, Chapter 47: Release of Simple Syndactyly, John M. Flynn, Sam W. Wiesel (editors), Operative Techniques in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Wolters Kluwer (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins), page 326,
• Syndactyly refers to the failure of separation between adjacent digits, resulting in "webbed" fingers.
• Congenital syndactyly is classified according to the extent of digital involvement and the character of the conjoined tissue.
• Complete syndactyly extends to the digital tips (FIG 1A), whereas incomplete syndactyly ends proximal to the fingertips (FIG 1B).
• Simple syndactyly refers to digits connected only by skin and soft tissue. Complex syndactyly denotes bony fusions between adjacent phalanges.
• Complicated syndactyly refers to the interposition of accessory phalanges or abnormal bones between digits.

Fig. 2.2f.1 Complete syndactyly. Schematic (A) shows syndactyly of hand excluding the thumb. The thumb may be included in the syndactyly, as evident in the left hand of the patient with Apert syndrome (B). The great toe is usually included in syndactyly of the foot.

2016, David B. Everman, “2: Hands and Feet”, in Roger E. Stevenson, Judith G. Hall, David B. Everman, Benjamin D. Solomon, editors, Human Malformations and Related Anomalies, 3rd edition, Oxford University Press, page 137:

Complex syndactylies are more often part of a syndrome such as Apert, Carpenter, or Saethre-Chotzen syndrome.

2021, Angelo B. Lipira, Joel S. Solomon, Jourdan A. Carboy, Juliana E. Hansen, “40: Congenital Hand Differences”, in Seth R. Thaller, Zubin J. Panthaki, editors, Tips and Tricks in Plastic Surgery, Springer, page 683:

(medicine, teratology) The anomalous condition, in humans, of having some fingers or toes fused with a web.


teratologic

(teratology) Pertaining to deformity, either congenital or resulting from accident.


humoral

From Middle English humerale, humorale, humoural, from Middle French humoral and Medieval Latin hūmorālis, from Latin hūmor. By surface analysis, humor + -al.

Both the apocryphal belief in pre-transplant cross-match screening to discard active humoral immune response against the donor and the lack of sensible and reliable markers for detecting AMR give explanation to the surprising fact that AMR was nearly neglected in human renal transplantation during years.

2009, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Stefano Chiaramonte, N. Perico, Humoral Immunity in Kidney Transplantation, page 118:

Thus, the demonstration of the presence of: a thymic-lymphocytosis promoting factor in mice (Metcalf, 1958); a humoral lymphocyte stimulating factor in the serum of irradiated rats (Ito and Weinstein, 1963); a thymic lymphopoietic factor, "thymosin" (Goldstein et al., 1966); and a lymphocytosis inducing factor in the plasma of rats treated with antilymphocyte serum (Rakowitz et al., 1972) lend support to this hypothesis. Several other reports in the literature suggest the presence of humoral agents regulating leukocyte numbers.

2012, Joseph Lobue, Albert S. Gordon, Humoral Control of Growth And Differentiation, page 52:

The usual kind of excitation met with in the pancreas is purely humoral and there is no reason to assume that any form of nervous activity is involved in it.

2015, G. H. Parker, Humoral Agents in Nervous Activity:

(pathology, physiology) Relating to the body fluids or humours.


subluxation

en-noun

subluxation (countable and uncountable, plural subluxations)

From French subluxation, from New Latin subluxatio, from subluxare (“to subluxate, to partially displace”) + -atio (“-ation: forming abstract nouns”), from sub- (“sub-: under, below, lesser”) + luxare (“to dislocate; to displace”) after the model of Ancient Greek παράρθρημα (parárthrēma). Equivalent to sub- + luxation.

The patient experienced subluxations of his right ulna, his lower right rear molar, and the lens of his left eye.

Lateral subluxation of the atlantoaxial joints has also been observed in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

1988, Donald Resnick, Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Disorders:

Many diseases and trauma are associated with lens subluxation. Clinical Features. All degrees of subluxation may be seen. Classically, iridodonesis is seen on slit lamp examination with eye movement. Phakodonesis may also be observed.

2001, William Tasman, Edward A. Jaeger, The Wills Eye Hospital Atlas of Clinical Ophthalmology, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 78:

Subluxation of a tooth may cause bleeding and mobility of the tooth as a result of injury to the periodontal fibers. Displacement of the tooth is not usually apparent. Approximately 15 % to 20 % of reported trauma cases exhibit [it].

2004, Michael Crocetti, Michael A. Barone, Frank A. Oski, Oski's Essential Pediatrics, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 176:


scoliotic

en-adj

scoliotic (comparative more scoliotic, superlative most scoliotic)

more scoliotic (comparative)
most scoliotic (superlative)

(pathology) Of, pertaining to, or affected by scoliosis.

scoliotique

of, pertaining to, or affected by scoliosis


diverticulitis

en-noun

diverticulitis (usually uncountable, plural diverticulites)

He had a slight fever and thought he had appendicitis. So did his doctor, who sent him to the emergency room, where an M.R.I. revealed not appendicitis but diverticulitis, an infection in an outpouching of his colon he never knew he had.

2019 October 28, Jane E. Brody, “Fiber in Fruits and Grains Protects Against Diverticulitis”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(medicine, pathology) An infection of the diverticulum.


cyanotic

In cold weather rosaceous cheeks often tend to become mauvish and take on a cyanotic tinge.

1976, Ronald Marks, Common facial dermatoses, page 9:

(pathology) Resembling or afflicted with cyanosis.


papilloma

papilloma (plural papillomas or papillomata)

papillomas (plural)
papillomata (plural)

(pathology, oncology) An epithelial tumour, usually benign, with the appearance of a papilla


congestee

…based on respiratory effects, specifically, vascular congestion, peribronchiolar edema, hemorrhagic alveoli, and congestee capillaries in the lungs (IRIS).

1998, United States Congress et al., Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies, Appropriations for 1999, page 464:

(pathology) A thing congested to the point of malfunction.


redundant colon

redundant colon (plural redundant colons)

(pathology) A large intestine (colon) that is longer than normal and as a result has repetitive, overlapping loops


zoophagia

(pathology) The act of eating living creatures.


hyperekplexia

hyperekplexias (plural)
hyperexplexia (alternative)

From hyper- + Ancient Greek ἐκπληξία (ekplēxía, “amazement, terror”), from Ancient Greek ἔκπληξις (ékplēxis, “consternation”) + -ία (-ía, nominal suffix).

af

(pathology) A neurological disorder characterized by an exaggerated startle response in situations of distress.


potato blight

They say they used to give pauper children soup to change to protestants in the time of the potato blight.

1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 8]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

Phytophthora infestans
Phytophthora infestans#Translingual

(phytopathology) A devastating disease of potatoes caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans.

perunarutto

Phytophthora infestans, disease of potatoes


calcinosis

(pathology) The abnormal deposition of calcium salts in the soft tissue of the body


protanopia

en-noun

protanopia (usually uncountable, plural protanopias)

From proto- (“first (color)”) + an- (“without”) + -opia (“vision”).

(pathology) A form of color blindness. Involves a defect in distinguishing between red and green.


fibromyalgia

fibromyalgia (countable and uncountable, plural fibromyalgias)

From fibro- (“tissue”) + my- (“muscle”) + -algia (“pain”).

confix

They have since used the approach to look at the brains of people with fibromyalgia, a mysterious syndrome that causes pain all over the body. Volunteers with fibromyalgia also had more active glial cells in their brains, although this time in the cerebellar cortex and the medulla – regions that are linked to movement and automatic functions like breathing and digestion.

2016 November 26, Jessica Hamzelou, “Hitting where it hurts”, in New Scientist, number 3101, page 36:

(medicine, pathology) A condition characterised by chronic pain, stiffness, and tenderness of the muscles, tendons, and joints.


teratogenesis

en-noun

teratogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural teratogeneses)

congenital malformation
congenital malformation

(teratology) The development of congenital malformations.


teratogenicity

teratogenicity (countable and uncountable, plural teratogenicities)

(teratology) The capability to cause malformations or defects to an embryo or foetus.


teratologist

(teratology) A scientist specializing in teratology.


teratological

In Jack London's urban gothic, the city's teratological economy comes to light in grotesque animal allegories.

1998, Christophe Den Tandt, The Urban Sublime in American Literary Naturalism:

(teratology) Of or relating to teratology.

(teratology) Of abnormal growth or structure of a fetus or embryo.


teratogenetic

en-adj

teratogenetic (comparative more teratogenetic, superlative most teratogenetic)

more teratogenetic (comparative)
most teratogenetic (superlative)


anencephaly

anencephalies (plural)
anencephalia (alternative)

A lethal birth defect in which most of the brain and parts of the skull are missing; absence of the encephalon.


cypovirus

Shortened from the full description cy(toplasmic) po(lyhedrosis) virus.

Any of several RNA viruses, of the genus Cypovirus, whose icosahedral virions are embedded in a polyhedral protein structure


spontaneous pneumothorax

en-noun

spontaneous pneumothorax (plural spontaneous pneumothoraces)

(pathology) A pulmonary condition resulting in the collection of air within the chest, which occurs absent traumatic injury. Spontaneous Pneumothorax are considered a medical emergency, generally requiring assistive radiographic evaluation to determine the extent of lung collapse, as well as determine the most appropriate course of emergency medical treatment for the patient. Abbreviated as SP.


cachexia

cachexia (countable and uncountable, plural cachexias or cachexiae)

From Late Latin cachexia or French cachexie, from Ancient Greek καχεξία (kakhexía), from κακός (kakós, “bad; injurious”) + ἕξῐς (héxĭs, “act of having; habit or state of body”) (ultimately from ἔχω (ékhō, “to have”)) + -ῐᾰ (-ĭă, suffix added to adjectives to form abstract nouns).

refn

From William H[eiskell] Deaderick (1909) “Clinical History”, in A Practical Study of Malaria, Philadelphia, Pa., London: W. B. Saunders Company, →OCLC, figures 62–66 between pages 238 and 239.

Coordinate term: sarcopenia

An handful of the Leavs or Roots [of garden succory] boyled in Wine or Water, and a draught thereof drunk faſting, […] helpeth the yellow Jaundice, the Heat of the Reins and of the Urin, and the Dropſie also, and thoſe that have an evil Diſpoſition in their Bodies by reaſon of long ſickneſs, evil Diet &c., which the Greeks call Καχεξία, Cachexia.

1652, Nich[olas] Culpeper, “Succory”, in The English Physitian: Or An Astrologo-physical Discourse of the Vulgar Herbs of This Nation. […], London: […] Peter Cole, […], →OCLC, pages 223–224:

[T]he intimate nature of cachexia is a deterioration in the qualities of blood, a favourite doctrine with the humoral pathologists, in support of which many very powerful arguments might still be adduced.

1830, George Gregory, Daniel L. M. Peixotto, “Cachexia and Scurvy”, in Elements of the Theory and Practice of Physic, […], 1st New York edition, New York, N.Y.: Published by M. Sherman, →OCLC, page 518:

If we have hitherto no approach to a physiological expression for those autopathic cachexiæ in which gout, scrofula, and cancer respectively originate, let it be observed that our faculty of analogical interpretation remains inert, in respect of these and many other disorders, only for want of a correct and comprehensive hæmatology.

1848 April 21, “Importance of a Precise Knowledge of the Composition of Blood in the Investigation of Disease”, in The London Medical Gazette, or Journal of Practical Medicine, volume XLI (New Series, volume VI), number 1064, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, […], →OCLC, page 676:

One must take note, as well, of the difference between clinical accounts and clinical-pathological accounts. That is, one must distinguish among: 1) classifications based on clinical findings, such as those advanced by Sydenham and Sauvages, which grouped illnesses under such basic rubrics as fevers, fluxes, cachexias, weaknesses, etc.; […]

1977, H[ugo] Tristram Englehardt, Jr., “Closing Remarks”, in H. Tristram Englehardt, Jr., Stuart F. Spicker, Bernard Towers, editors, Clinical Judgment: A Critical Appraisal: […] (Philosophy and Medicine; 6), Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 266:

Cancer cachexia is a complex metabolic process, due to both host and tumor factors, which results in excess catabolism as well as aberrant fat and carbohydrate metabolism.

2007, Toby C. Campbell, Jamie H. Von Roenn, “Anorexia/Weight Loss”, in Ann M. Berger, John L. Shuster, Jr., Jamie H. Von Roenn, editors, Principles and Practice of Palliative Care and Supportive Oncology, 3rd edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, part C (Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Syndromes), page 125:

Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome clinically manifest by progressive involuntary weight loss and diminished food intake and characterized by a variety of biochemical alterations.

2007, Lawrence E. Harrison, “Nutritional Support for the Cancer Patient”, in Alfred E. Chang, Patricia A. Ganz, Daniel F. Hayes, Timothy Kinsella, Harvey I. Pass, Joan H. Schiller, Richard M. Stone, Victor Strecher, editors, Oncology: An Evidence-based Approach, New York, N.Y.: Springer Science+Business Media, →ISBN, page 1488:

Preoperative nutritional therapy in CHF [congestive heart failure] patients with cachexia is associated with improved postoperative survival rates. Hence, identifying susceptible patients and intervening prior to development of cardiac cachexia is necessary.

2008, Roopa Vemulapalli, Jennifer Tomesko, “Cardiothoracic Nutrition”, in Mary Marian, Mary Russell, Scott A[lan] Shikora, Clinical Nutrition for Surgical Patients, Sudbury, Mass., Mississauga, Ont., London: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, →ISBN, page 84:

While sarcopenia occurs very commonly with aging, cachexia occurs mainly in association with acute or chronic disease.

2009, Connie Watkins Bales, Christine Seel Ritchie, “Redefining Nutritional Frailty: Interventions for Weight Loss Due to Undernutrition”, in Connie Watkins Bales, Christine Seel Ritchie, editors, Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging (Nutrition & Health), 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Humana Press, →DOI, →ISBN, part II (Fundamentals of Nutrition and Geriatric Syndromes), figure 9.1 caption, page 158:

(pathology) A systemic wasting of muscle tissue, with or without loss of fat mass, that accompanies a chronic disease.

متلازمة الهزال

systemic wasting of muscle tissue that accompanies a chronic disease


ischæmia

(cardiology, pathology) Obsolete spelling of ischemia.


gastric cancer

en-noun

gastric cancer (countable and uncountable, plural gastric cancers)


stomach cancer

stomach cancer (countable and uncountable, plural stomach cancers)


arachnoiditis

(pathology) A neuropathic disease caused by the inflammation of the arachnoid, one of the membranes that surround and protect the nerves of the spinal cord.


radiculopathy

(pathology) Any disease of the spinal nerve roots and spinal nerves.

radiculopatia

pathology: any disease of the spinal nerve roots and spinal nerves


cyclopia

From cyclops + -ia; From Ancient Greek Κύκλωψ (Kúklōps).

(teratology) A congenital abnormality in which the orbits of the eye do not divide to form separate sockets.


Cheadle-Möller-Barlow syndrome

Named after Dr. Walter Butler Cheadle, Sir Thomas Barlow and Julius Otto Ludwig Möller who described it.

(pathology) The disease scurvy especially in infants.


idiopathy

From idio- + -pathy. First appears c. 1634, in the publications of Philiatreus (fl. 1630).

The sterilization that was first conceived as a recourse of limited medical reach came to be considered an efficient eugenical procedure that could prevent descendents^([sic]) with hereditary and transmissible disorders, such as mental deficiency, epilepsy, idiopathies, etc.

1970, D. V. Salcedo, M. G. Mujica, “A Study of Sterilized Women in the Urban Communities of the Western Area of Santiago, 1963-1966”, in The Journal of Sex Research, volume 6, number 1, page 42:

(pathology) A disease or condition arising spontaneously or having no known cause.


elopement

elopement (countable and uncountable, plural elopements)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-elopement.wav

(pathology) The act of a person with dementia wandering away from the area where they are safe.


-osis

From Ancient Greek -ωσις (-ōsis, “state, abnormal condition, or action”), from -όω (-óō) stem verbs + -σις (-sis).

der

(pathology) functional disease or condition such as hepatosis


arthrosis

en-noun

arthrosis (countable and uncountable, plural arthroses)

From Ancient Greek ἄρθρον (árthron, “a joint, articulation”), + -osis.

nivelrikko

any degenerative disease of a joint between bones

(pathology) Any degenerative disease of such a joint, e.g. osteoarthritis.


lymphoblast

lymphoblastic leukemia
lymphoblastic leukemia

(US, cytology, oncology) An immature lymphocyte; they proliferate uncontrollably in lymphoblastic leukemia


lymphoblastic leukemia

en-noun

lymphoblastic leukemia (countable and uncountable, plural lymphoblastic leukemias)

lymphoblastic leukemias (plural)
lymphoblastic leukaemia (alternative)

(US, oncology, pathology) An acute form of leukemia characterized by a very large number of lymphoblasts in the circulating blood.


encyst

en-verb

encyst (third-person singular simple present encysts, present participle encysting, simple past and past participle encysted)

encysts (present singular third-person)
encysting (participle present)
encysted (participle past)
encysted (past)
incyst (alternative)

‘Six months for the projectile to encyst before the knee can be opened safely.’

1929, Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms, Folio Society, published 2008, page 98:

(intransitive) To be enclosed within a cyst.


encystment

en-noun

encystment (countable and uncountable, plural encystments)


neurodegenerative

en-adj

neurodegenerative (comparative more neurodegenerative, superlative most neurodegenerative)

more neurodegenerative (comparative)
most neurodegenerative (superlative)

A very rare polymorphism in the prion protein gene recently has been identified that appears to protect against prion disease; this finding, in addition to providing greater understanding of the prionlike mechanisms of neurodegenerative disorders, might lead to potential treatments.

2015 December 21, Michael D. Geschwind, “Prion Diseases”, in Continuum (Minneap Minn), →DOI:

It doesn’t help that symptoms of Alzheimer’s develop gradually and slowly and a diagnosis might only be made years after the brain has started to undergo neurodegenerative changes.

2018 January 18, Jürgen Götz, “Why it’s so hard to treat dementia”, in CNN:

(neurology, pathology) Of, pertaining to, or resulting in the progressive loss of nerve cells and of neurologic function.

neurodegeneratiu

pertaining to the progressive loss of nerve cells


gravelly

gravelly (comparative more gravelly, superlative most gravelly)

more gravelly (comparative)
most gravelly (superlative)
gravely (alternative)

From Middle English gravelli (“covered with gravel or sand; (pathology) containing sand-like matter”), from gravel (“sand; grain of stand; gravel, pebbles; (pathology) sand-like matter in the urine, calculus”) + -lī (suffix forming adjectives). Gravel is derived from Old French gravel, gravele, gravelle (“gravel; (pathology) calculus”) (modern French gravelle (“(pathology) calculus”)), from grave (“coarse sand, gravel; seashore”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁w- (“to grind”); modern French grève (“riverbank; shore, strand”)) + -ele (diminutive suffix). The English word is analysable as gravel + -y (suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘having the quality of’).

suffix

(pathology) Caused by or involving gravel (“kidney stones”).


asthenozoospermic

en-adj

asthenozoospermic (comparative more asthenozoospermic, superlative most asthenozoospermic)

more asthenozoospermic (comparative)
most asthenozoospermic (superlative)

(pathology)Of or pertaining to asthenozoospermia.


normozoospermic

(pathology) Having a normal sperm production


oligozoospermic

oligozoospermic (comparative more oligozoospermic, superlative most oligozoospermic)

more oligozoospermic (comparative)
most oligozoospermic (superlative)

(pathology) Of or pertaining to oligozoospermia.


chancroid

/ˈʃæŋ.kɹɔɪd/

(pathology) A sexually transmitted infection, caused by bacteria of species Haemophilus ducreyi, characterized by painful sores on the genitalia.


uremic

uremic (comparative more uremic, superlative most uremic)

more uremic (comparative)
most uremic (superlative)
uraemic (alternative)

/jʊəˈɹiːmɪk/

(pathology) Of, relating to, or causing uremia.


traumatize

en-verb

traumatize (third-person singular simple present traumatizes, present participle traumatizing, simple past and past participle traumatized)

traumatizes (present singular third-person)
traumatizing (participle present)
traumatized (participle past)
traumatized (past)
traumatise (alternative)

(transitive, pathology) To injure, e.g. tissues, by force or by thermal, chemical or other agents.


clinical chemistry

(pathology) Branch of pathology concerned with the chemical analysis of bodily fluids etc.


clinical biochemistry

clinical chemistry
clinical chemistry#English

(pathology) Synonym of clinical chemistry


sarcopenia

en-noun

sarcopenia (usually uncountable, plural sarcopenias)

From Ancient Greek σάρξ (sárx, “flesh”) + πενῐ́ᾱ (penĭ́ā, “poverty, want”).

compound

Coordinate term: cachexia

Factors contributing to frailty include sarcopenia and decline in executive function.

2008, Wilbert S. Aronow, Jerome L. Fleg, Michael W. Rich, Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly, 4th edition, Taylor & Francis, page 814:

2021, Beatrice Gasperini, Stefano Volpato, Antonio Cherubini, Chapter 9: Acute Sarcopenia, Alfonso J. Cruz-Jentoft, John E. Morley (editors), Sarcopenia, John Wiley & Sons (Wiley Blackwell), 2nd Edition, page 96,
The incidence of sarcopenia was investigated in the GLISTEN study. Sarcopenia at hospital admission was diagnosed in 227 (34.7%) patients.

When no evident cause of gradual-onset chronic sarcopenia is present in an older person, age-associated (primary) sarcopenia is diagnosed, and further examination of long-term habits that may have led to sarcopenia is appropriate.

2022, Jeffrey B. HalterJoseph G. OuslanderStephanie Studenskiet al., Hazzard's Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, 8th edition, McGraw Hill, page 736:

(pathology) Gradual loss of skeletal muscle due to aging, immobility, illness, or combinations thereof.

spierverlies

gradual age-related loss of skeletal muscle


areflexia

(pathology) Lack of neuromuscular reflexes. A symptom associated with many neurological disorders.


septicæmia

en-noun

septicæmia (countable and uncountable, plural septicæmias or septicæmiæ)

septicæmias (plural)
septicæmiæ (plural)

(pathology) Obsolete spelling of septicaemia.


brain fever

brain fever (countable and uncountable, plural brain fevers)

brain fevers (plural)
brain-fever (alternative)

(pathology, dated) encephalitis or meningitis


brain-fever

(pathology) Alternative spelling of brain fever


haemorrhagic fever

haemorrhagic fever (countable and uncountable, plural haemorrhagic fevers)

haemorrhagic fevers (plural)
hemorrhagic fever (alternative)

viral haemorrhagic fever
viral haemorrhagic fever

(chiefly British, pathology) viral haemorrhagic fever


hemorrhagic fever

hemorrhagic fever (countable and uncountable, plural hemorrhagic fevers)

haemorrhagic fever
haemorrhagic fever#English

(pathology, US, Canada) Alternative form of haemorrhagic fever


mountain fever

Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rocky Mountain spotted fever

(pathology) Rocky Mountain spotted fever.


relapsing fever

(pathology) An infection caused by certain bacteria of the genus Borrelia, transmitted by lice and ticks.


spotted fever

spotted fever (countable and uncountable, plural spotted fevers)

(pathology) any of various diseases causing fever and spots on the skin


swine fever

(pathology) A contagious, usually fatal, disease of pigs, causing fever, skin lesions and convulsions, caused by Pestivirus C (CSFV).


Texas fever

Cattle from Texas, themselves not showing signs of infection, spread this disease to the Midwestern United States.

(pathology) A tick-borne disease of cattle caused by the parasite Babesia bigemina.


tick fever

(pathology) any of various diseases transmitted by ticks


strangury

strangury (countable and uncountable, plural stranguries)

stranguries (plural)
stranguary (alternative)

/ˈstɹæŋɡjəɹi/

From Middle English strangury, from Latin stranguria, from Ancient Greek στραγγουρία (strangouría).

(pathology, urology) A painful, frequent need to urinate, when the bladder is largely empty or with little urine production.


acromegalic

en-adj

acromegalic (comparative more acromegalic, superlative most acromegalic)

more acromegalic (comparative)
most acromegalic (superlative)

/ˌækɹoʊmɪˈɡælɪk/

At that moment a match flared on the far side of the room and illuminated the ruddy acromegalic features of Smirke […]

1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 133:

(pathology) Pertaining to or characteristic of acromegaly.


acromegalic

/ˌækɹoʊmɪˈɡælɪk/

(pathology) A person affected by acromegaly.


macrodontia

(pathology, dentistry) The medical condition of having unusually large teeth.


Asperger's

A blogger recently asked Altman, “How has having Asperger’s helped and hurt you?” Altman told me, “I was, like, ‘Fuck you, I don’t have Asperger’s!’

2016 October 3, Tad Friend, “Sam Altman’s Manifest Destiny”, in The New Yorker:

Asperger's syndrome
Asperger's syndrome#English


chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

en-noun

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (countable and uncountable, plural chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases)

chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (plural)

(medicine, pulmonology, pathology) A type of progressive lung disease characterized by long-term respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation.

maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique

pilṭvis kroniḳuli obsṭrukciuli daavadeba

ფილტვის ქრონიკული ობსტრუქციული დაავადება

慢性閉塞性肺疾患

まんせいへいそくせいはいしっかん

xroníčeskaja obstruktívnaja boléznʹ ljóxkix

хрони́ческая обструкти́вная боле́знь лёгких

xronične obstruktyvne zaxvorjuvannja lehenʹ

хронічне обструктивне захворювання легень


CSF

CSF (countable and uncountable, plural CSFs)

classical swine fever
classical swine fever#English

(virology) Initialism of classical swine fever, caused by Pestivirus C (CSFV)


crown gall

(phytopathology) A disease of plants caused by infection of soil bacteria of the genus Agrobacterium


cloverleaf skull

cloverleaf skull (plural cloverleaf skulls)

(pathology) The abnormal skull resulting from craniosynostosis.


craniosynostosis

craniosynostosis (countable and uncountable, plural craniosynostoses)

(pathology) A medical condition in which some or all of the sutures in the skull of an infant close too early, causing problems with normal brain and skull growth.


leaf spot

(phytopathology) Any of various fungal or bacterial diseases of plants that cause blemishes on their leaves.


XDR

extremely drug resistant
extremely drug resistant#English

(pathology) Initialism of extremely drug resistant. (used to refer to strains of tuberculosis).


Japanese encephalitis

(pathology) A viral disease prevalent in south-east Asia, caused by Japanese encephalitis virus transmitted by mosquito.


myocardial infarct

myocardial infarct (plural myocardial infarcts)

myocardial infarction
myocardial infarction#English

(cardiology, pathology) Synonym of myocardial infarction


tumourigenesis

(oncology) Alternative spelling of tumorigenesis


necrose

en-verb

necrose (third-person singular simple present necroses, present participle necrosing, simple past and past participle necrosed)

necroses (present singular third-person)
necrosing (participle present)
necrosed (participle past)
necrosed (past)

(intransitive, pathology) To become necrotic.


pathologically

en-adv

pathologically (comparative more pathologically, superlative most pathologically)

more pathologically (comparative)
most pathologically (superlative)


HAART

(pharmacology, virology) Initialism of highly active antiretroviral therapy.


thrombotic

en-adj

thrombotic (comparative more thrombotic, superlative most thrombotic)

more thrombotic (comparative)
most thrombotic (superlative)

(pathology) Of, pertaining to, or caused by thrombosis


direct maternal death

en-noun

direct maternal death (plural direct maternal deaths)

A maternal death resulting from a complication of the pregnancy or delivery, or their management.


indirect maternal death

indirect maternal death (plural indirect maternal deaths)

A pregnancy-related death in a female patient with a preexisting or newly developed health problem.


CFS

CFS (countable and uncountable, plural CFSs)

chronic fatigue syndrome
chronic fatigue syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of chronic fatigue syndrome.

cramp fasciculation syndrome
cramp fasciculation syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of cramp fasciculation syndrome.


erethism

erethism (countable and uncountable, plural erethisms)

From French éréthisme, from Ancient Greek ἐρεθισμός (erethismós), from ἐρεθίζειν (erethízein, “to irritate”).

(pathology) Abnormal excitement of a bodily organ or tissue.

eretismi

pathology: abnormal excitement of organ or tissue


traumatized

en-adj

traumatized (comparative more traumatized, superlative most traumatized)

more traumatized (comparative)
most traumatized (superlative)

(pathology) Injured, e.g. tissues, by force or by thermal, chemical or other agents.


transvestism

en-noun

transvestism (usually uncountable, plural transvestisms)

(clinical psychology, psychiatry, pathology) A paraphilia typically found in heterosexual males characterized by compulsively seeking and deriving sexual arousal from cross-dressing, especially if the urges and behavior cause the patient distress or social impairment.


hypoplasia

hypoplasia (countable and uncountable, plural hypoplasias)

1995, William M. Thurlbeck, 2. Lung Growth and Development, William M. Thurlbeck, Andrew Churg (editors), 2nd edition, Thieme Medical Publishers, Pathology of the Lung, page 56,
Since the renal system and the lung develop at the same time, there has been repeated speculation that pulmonary hypoplasia and renal anomalies may be linked by a common developmental defect.

2022, Robert A. Foster, Christopher Premanandan, Chapter 19: Male Reproductive System, James F. Zachary (editor), Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease, 7th edition, Elsevier, page 1320,
Hypoplasia of the testes is a common condition and DSD.

This complex etiology suggests that individual life histories should be interpreted carefully since enamel hypoplasias could reflect stressors experienced by an individual's parents and individual genetic susceptibility. Additionally, enamel hypoplasias may be more indicative of acute episodes of stress instead of long, chronic periods of stress.

2024, Anne E. Austin, Healthmaking in Ancient Egypt, Koninklijke Brill, page 64:

(medicine, pathology) Underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or organ, especially when caused by an inadequate or below-normal number of cells.

hypoplasie

condition of under- or incomplete development of a tissue or organ


brachylaimiasis

Zoonotic trematode (brachylaimiasis) and cestode (rodentoleposis) infections have been reported from semi-arid environments.

2004 December 23, David M. Spratt, “Australian ecosystems, capricious food chains and parasitic consequences for people”, in International Journal for Parasitology, volume 35, issue 7 (June 2005), Elsevier (2005), page 717

(pathology) Infection by trematode worms of genus Brachylaima.


esca

(phytopathology) A fungal disease afflicting grapes.


misdiagnosis

misdiagnosis (countable and uncountable, plural misdiagnoses)

Some researchers have proposed that early social dysfunction in 22q11DS is associated with premorbidity to schizophrenia, and that these social impairments may result in a misdiagnosis of an ASD.

2015 July 23, “Transcriptome Profiling of Peripheral Blood in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Reveals Functional Pathways Related to Psychosis and Autism Spectrum Disorder”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

They have suffered from misdiagnoses, lapses in treatment, a lack of access to specialized food and physical therapy, displacement and the unrelenting stress of war.

2024 April 10, Lynsey Addario, “‘Mom, I Want to Live’: A Young Girl Battles War and Cancer”, in The New York Times:

(medicine, pathology) An incorrect diagnosis.


misdiagnose

en-verb

misdiagnose (third-person singular simple present misdiagnoses, present participle misdiagnosing, simple past and past participle misdiagnosed)

misdiagnoses (present singular third-person)
misdiagnosing (participle present)
misdiagnosed (participle past)
misdiagnosed (past)

Ulcerated BCC may mimic SCC, and Bowen's disease may be misdiagnosed for the superficial and morphoeic forms.

1993, W. E. De Launey, Harvey Rotstein, W. A. Land, De Launey and Land Principles and Practice of Dermatology:

What would it cost you and the patient if you were to misdiagnose or miss something as a result of not giving the documentation process the attention it requires? What could happen if you misdocument a patient chart?

2010, Keith Rosen, Coaching Salespeople into Sales Champions:

Big technology companies are still misdiagnosing why they have so many enemies.

2021 April 21, Shira Ovide, “Why Is Big Tech Under Assault? Power.”, in The New York Times:

I was alone when I read Ward’s piece, horizontal in bed after a long day, and it occurred to me that he might be misdiagnosing some of the reasons people appear to be spending more time alone, possibly underestimating the strength of virtual connections.

2022 March 12, Jessica Grose, “We’re Spending More Time Alone. Maybe It’s Because We’re Exhausted.”, in The New York Times:

(transitive, pathology) To incorrectly diagnose.


LCA

en-noun

LCA (countable and uncountable, plural LCAs)

Leber's congenital amaurosis
w:Leber's congenital amaurosis

(pathology, uncountable) Initialism of Leber's congenital amaurosis.

Leucocyte common antigen
w:Leucocyte common antigen

(pathology) Initialism of Leucocyte common antigen.


neuroblastoma

neuroblastoma (plural neuroblastomas or neuroblastomata)

neuroblastomas (plural)
neuroblastomata (plural)

(oncology) A form of cancer that affects the ganglia in various parts of the body


zymotically

Whether this mass of filth [wet house-refuse] be, zymotically, the cause of cholera, or whether it be (as cannot be questioned) a means of agricultural fertility, and therefore of national wealth, it must be removed.

1851, Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor, volume 2, London: G. Newbold, page 385:

(pathology, obsolete) In a zymotic manner, infectiously.


head blight

(phytopathology) a blight afflicting the seed heads or inflorescences of cereal crops


mineralization

mineralization (countable and uncountable, plural mineralizations)

mineralizations (plural)
mineralisation (alternative)

(pathology) The deposition of calcium salts in abnormal parts of the skeleton.


bronchiolitis

These included multilobular consolidation with histiological lesions of bronchiolitis with epithelial necrosis and syncytia [14 ].

2015 November 17, “Single Pathogen Challenge with Agents of the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(pathology) Inflammation of the bronchioles; especially common in young children.

bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia


pseudovirion

(virology) A synthetic viral particle that cannot replicate, used to inject foreign nucleic acid into a cell.


pterygium

pterygium (plural pterygiums or pterygia)

From Ancient Greek πτερύγιον (pterúgion), diminutive of πτέρυξ (ptérux, “wing”).

(pathology) An abnormal mass of tissue in the corner of the eye that obstructs vision


peptic ulcer

gastrointestinal tract
gastrointestinal tract

(pathology) An ulcer of an area of the gastrointestinal tract.

ви́разка шлу́нка f (výrazka šlúnka, literally “stomach ulcer”)


micropolygyria

(pathology) A neuronal migration disorder, a developmental anomaly of the brain characterized by development of numerous small convolutions (microgyri), causing mental retardation.


onchocerciasis

onchocerciasis (countable and uncountable, plural onchocerciases)

/ɒŋkəsɜːˈkaɪəsɪs/

From New Latin Onchocerca (a genus of parasitic worms), from Ancient Greek ὄγκος (ónkos, “barb”) + κέρκος (kérkos, “tail”) + -iasis.

der

(pathology) A disease caused by a worm of the genus Onchocerca, especially as transmitted to humans by flies and often causing blindness; common in tropical Africa.


upstaging

A situation where somebody or something is upstaged; thus:

(medicine, surgery, oncology) An increase in the stage of a case of a disease (usually a cancer), from a less-threatening to a more-threatening stage.


yellows

(archaic) A disease of plants, especially peach trees, in which the leaves turn a yellowish colour.


HSE

herpes simplex encephalitis
w:Herpesviral encephalitis

(virology, neurology) Initialism of herpes simplex encephalitis.


hepatoma

en-noun

hepatoma (plural hepatomas or hepatomata)

From hepato- (“liver”) + -oma (“tumor”).

(pathology) A cancer originating in the liver.


occlusion body

occlusion body (plural occlusion bodies)

(virology) A crystalline protein matrix which occludes the nucleocapsid in some viruses.