abscess

From Latin abscessus (“a going away; gathering of humors, abscess”), from abscēdō (“go away, depart”), from abs (“away from”) + cēdō (“go”). See cede.

der

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

(pathology) A cavity caused by tissue destruction, usually because of infection, filled with pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue.


transvestite

Borrowed from Latin trāns + vestītus, form of vestiō (“I clothe, I dress”) (as in English vestment, vest). Literally, a "cross-dresser". From transvestitism, from German Transvestitismus, coined in 1910 by Magnus Hirschfeld (the practice itself is much older).

(clinical psychology, psychiatry, pathology) A person, typically a heterosexual male, who compulsively seeks and derives paraphilic sexual arousal from cross-dressing, especially if the urges and behavior cause the patient distress or social impairment.


growth

en-noun

growth (countable and uncountable, plural growths)

From grow + -th. Compare Old Frisian grēd ("meadow, pasture"; > North Frisian greyde (“growth, pasture”)), Middle High German gruote, gruot (“greens, fresh growth, shoot”), Old Norse gróðr ("growth, crop"; > Faroese grøði, Danish grøde (“fruits”), Swedish gröda (“crop, harvest”)). More at grow.

gloss

"meadow, pasture"; > North Frisian <i class="Latn mention" lang="frr">greyde</i> (“growth, pasture”)

(pathology) An abnormal mass such as a tumor.

bujení

pathology: abnormal mass such as a tumor


AD

en-noun

AD (countable and uncountable, plural ADs)

ADs (plural)
A.D. (alternative)
A. D. (alternative)

2015 — Larochelle, Stéphane (December 2015). "STOMPing at the bits". Nature Methods 12 (12): 1114. doi:10.1038/nmeth.3679. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
Many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), involve pathological protein deposits.

Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease#English

(uncountable, pathology) Initialism of Alzheimer's disease.


AIDS

→ Albanian: AIDS, aids

→ Czech: AIDS

→ Finnish: AIDS

→ Hindi: एड्स (eḍs), एड्ज़ (eḍz)

→ Hungarian: AIDS

→ Japanese: AIDS (AIDS)

→ Latvian: AIDS

→ Portuguese: AIDS

→ Swedish: aids

→ Telugu: ఎయిడ్స్ (eyiḍs)

desc

→ Urdu: ایڈس, ایڈز

→ Urdu: ایڈس, ایڈز

→ Yoruba: éèdì

Patients with AIDS become highly susceptible to infection by intracellular microbes normally contained by T cells (Fig. 4.8).

2007, Clinical Pathology, →ISBN, page 50:

acquired immune deficiency syndrome#English

(pathology, acronym) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Vigs

acquired immune deficiency syndrome — see also acquired immune deficiency syndrome

atsʼíís yichʼą́ą́h naabaahii bąąh dah hazʼą́ yileehgo


acidosis

en-noun

acidosis (countable and uncountable, plural acidoses)

(pathology) An abnormally increased acidity of the blood.


storm

→ Esperanto: ŝtormo

→ Irish: stoirm

→ Scottish Gaelic: stoirm

From Middle English storm (“disturbed state of the atmosphere; heavy precipitation; battle, conflict; attack”) [and other forms], from Old English storm (“tempest, storm; attack; storm of arrows; disquiet, disturbance, tumult, uproar; onrush, rush”) [and other forms], from Proto-West Germanic *sturm (“storm”), from Proto-Germanic *sturmaz (“storm”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)twerH- (“to agitate, stir up; to propel; to urge on”). Related to stir.
Cognates
* Danish storm (“storm”)
* Dutch storm (“storm”)
* German Sturm (“storm”)
* Icelandic stormur (“storm”)
* Low German storm (“storm”)
* Norwegian Bokmål storm (“storm”)
* Norwegian Nynorsk storm (“storm”)
* Scots storm (“storm”)
* Swedish storm (“storm”)
* West Frisian stoarm (“storm”)

nb...

starme, steorm, storem, storme, stourme, strom

storm

disturbed state of the atmosphere causing destructive or unpleasant weather

asthmatic storm cytokine storm

He ſvvet and ſvvet againe vvith ſuch exceſſiue ſvvoonings, as not only himſelfe, but likevviſe all the beholders, did verily deeme, that his life vvas ending. This ſtorme and miſhappe endured about ſome tvvo hovvres, after vvhich hee remayned not cured as his Maſter, but ſo vveary and indiſpoſed, as hee vvas not able to ſtand.

1612, [Miguel de Cervantes], “Wherein are Rehearsed the Innumerable Misfortunes which Don-Quixote and His Good Squire Sancho Suffered in the Inne, which He to His Harme Thought to be a Castle”, in Thomas Shelton, transl., The History of the Valorous and Wittie Knight-errant Don-Quixote of the Mancha. […], London: […] William Stansby, for Ed[ward] Blount and W. Barret, →OCLC, part 3, page 136:

(pathology) Chiefly with a qualifying word: a violent attack of diease, pain, physiological reactions, symptoms, etc.; a paroxysm.

kohtaus

violent attack of diease, pain, physiological reactions, symptoms, etc. — see also paroxysm


retrovirus

From retro- + virus, from its reverse direction of replication.

Montagnier soon deduced that this was an RNA virus that could convert its genes into DNA and lodge into the human genome—a retrovirus.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 318:

(virology) Any of a group of viruses which insert a copy of their RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell, thus changing the genome of that cell.

retrovirus

any of a group of viruses which insert a copy of their RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell


HIV

There have been other drugs since reticulose that I became aware of the successes of, some even able to claim "cure," even turning people from HIV-positive to negative.

1998, Gavin Dillard, In the Flesh: Undressing for Success, page 141:

Accordingly, we varied HIV transmission probability per coital act, duration of each HIV stage, frequency of coital acts per HIV stage, duration of partnership, degree of assortativeness, scale parameter in the gamma distribution of the population across the risk groups, and exponent parameter in the power-law function of the distribution of sexual-risk behavior.

2015 December 31, “Investigating Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Program Efficiency Gains through Subpopulation Prioritization: Insights from Application to Zambia”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

human immunodeficiency virus
human immunodeficiency virus#English

(virology) Initialism of human immunodeficiency virus.

atsʼíís yichʼą́ą́h naabaah bąąh dahooʼaʼ


cold

en-noun

cold (countable and uncountable, plural colds)

From Middle English cold, colde, from Old English cald, ċeald (“cold, coldness”), from Proto-West Germanic *kald, from Proto-Germanic *kaldą (“coldness”), from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”).
Cognates
Compare Saterland Frisian Keelde (“cold”), West Frisian kjeld (“cold”), Dutch koude (“cold”), German Low German Kolle, Koll (“cold”), German Kälte (“cold”), Danish kulde (“cold”), Swedish köld (“cold”), Norwegian kulde (“cold”), Icelandic kuldi (“cold”).

I caught a miserable cold and had to stay home for a week

(countable, pathology) A common, usually harmless, usually viral illness, usually with congestion of the nasal passages and sometimes fever.


grape

grape (countable and uncountable, plural grapes)

From Middle English grape, from Old French grape, grappe, crape (“cluster of fruit or flowers, bunch of grapes”), from graper, craper (“to pick grapes”, literally “to hook”), of Germanic origin, from Frankish *krappō (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *greb- (“hook”), *gremb- (“crooked, uneven”), from *ger- (“to turn, bend, twist”). Cognate with Middle Dutch krappe (“hook”), Old High German krapfo (“hook”) (whence German Krapfen (“Berliner doughnut”). Doublet of grappa. More at cramp.

mountain grape

Vitis rupestris; Berberis aquifolium, syn. Mahonia aquifolium

possum grape

Vitis vulpina; Vitis baileyana; Cissus spp.

racoon grape

Vitis labrusca et al.; Ampelopsis cordata

(pathology) A mangy tumour on a horse's leg.


epilepsy

en-noun

epilepsy (countable and uncountable, plural epilepsies)

Since 16th century; borrowed from French épilepsie, from Latin epilēpsia, from Ancient Greek ἐπιληψίᾱ (epilēpsíā), from ἐπιλαμβάνω (epilambánō, “I seize”), from ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) + λαμβάνω (lambánō, “I take”). Displaced native Old English fiellesēocnes (literally “falling sickness”).

ncog

Epilepsies, or fallings and reelings, and beastly vomitings. The least of these, even when the tongue begins to be untied, is a degree of drunkenness.

1651, Jer[emy] Taylor, The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Francis Ashe […], →OCLC:

(pathology) A medical condition in which the sufferer experiences seizures (or convulsions) and blackouts.


lupus

Borrowed from Latin lupus (“wolf”). Doublet of lobo and wolf.

You like the name quesalupa? That is a little like "case of lupus". I just keep thinking about that.

2015 January 21, 00:05:15 from the start, in Conan Visits Taco Bell (Conan), Conan O'Brien (actor), Team Coco:

Iberdomide, a cereblon modulator promoting degradation of the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos, which affect leukocyte development and autoimmunity, is being evaluated for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

2022 March 17, Joan T. Merrill, Victoria P. Werth, Richard Furie et al., “Phase 2 Trial of Iberdomide in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 386, number 11, →DOI, page 1034:

systemic lupus erythematosus
systemic lupus erythematosus

(pathology) Any of a number of autoimmune diseases, the most common of which is systemic lupus erythematosus.


MG

en-noun

MG (countable and uncountable, plural MGs)

myasthenia gravis
myasthenia gravis#English

(countable, pathology) Initialism of myasthenia gravis.


NB

NBs are also seen in newborns and may be detected in the fetus by antenatal imaging, most often associated with favourable prognostic features. Common sites for primary NB are the adrenal glands (48%), extraadrenal retroperitoneum […]

2014, Andy Adam, Adrian K. Dixon, Jonathan H Gillard, Cornelia Schaefer-Prokop, Ronald G. Grainger, David J. Allison, Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology E-Book, Elsevier Health Sciences, →ISBN, page 1972:

(oncology) Abbreviation of neuroblastoma.


NF

necrotizing fasciitis
necrotizing fasciitis#English

(pathology) Initialism of necrotizing fasciitis.

(pathology) Initialism of neurofibromatosis.


MC

MC (countable and uncountable, plural MCs or MC's)

molluscum contagiosum
molluscum contagiosum#English

(medicine, pathology) Initialism of molluscum contagiosum.


TB

TB (countable and uncountable, plural TBs)


MD

MDs (plural)
M.D. (alternative)
M. D. (alternative)

macular degeneration
macular degeneration#English

(pathology) Abbreviation of macular degeneration.


angel

angels (plural)
Angel (alternative)
angell (alternative)

Jamaican Creole: ienjel

→ Chinese: 安琪兒 /安琪儿 (ānqí'ér)

→ Hawaiian: ʻānela

→ Lingala: anjelu, anzelu

→ Malagasy: anjely

Florence Baptistery
Seven churches of Asia
en:Angel (disambiguation)
en:angel

Two Baroque angels from southern Germany, from the mid-18th century
From Middle English angel, aungel, ængel, engel, from Old English anġel, ænġel, enġel, enċġel (“angel, messenger”), from Proto-West Germanic *angil, borrowed from Latin angelus, itself from Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos, “messenger”); and also in part from Anglo-Norman angele, angle, from the same Latin source. The religious sense of the Greek word first appeared in the Septuagint as a translation of the Hebrew word מַלְאָךְ (malʾāḵ, “messenger”) or יהוה מַלְאָךְ (malʾāḵ YHWH, “messenger of YHWH”).
Use of the term in some churches to refer to a church official derives from interpreting the "angels" of the Seven churches of Asia in Revelation as being bishops or ministers rather than angelic beings.

𐔰𐕎𐔲𐔴𐔾𐕒𐕚

in Christian angelology, the lowest order of angels

don't drive faster than your guardian angel can fly

(historical) An English gold coin, bearing the figure of the archangel Michael, circulated between the 15th and 17th centuries, and varying in value from six shillings and eightpence to ten shillings.

unidentified flying object
unidentified flying object

(colloquial, dated) An unidentified flying object detected by air traffic control radar.

“Latent” angels are defined as those who have not invested capital in the past 12 months, although they likely have invested knowledge in the process of reviewing potential investments.

2011, OECD, Financing High-Growth Firms: The Role of Angel Investors:

someone that funds
(finance) An angel investor.


angel

(informal) A person who has Angelman syndrome.


polydactyly

From Ancient Greek πολυδάκτυλος (poludáktulos) + -y, from πολυ- (polu-, “many”) + δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “digits”), equivalent to poly- + dactyly or polydactyl + -y.^((Etymology 3))

bor

πολυδάκτυλος

affix

2003, Karl-Heinz Grzeschik, 66: Greig Cephalopolysyndactyly Syndrome, Mary Ann McLaughlin (supervising editor), NORD Guide to Rare Disorders, National Organization for Rare Disorders, Wolters Kluwer (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins), page 201,
Postaxial polydactyly is common in the hands and preaxial polydactyly in the feet.

Pranamya Menaria (India; born August 10, 2005) has 25 in total (12 fingers and 13 toes). This is as a result of the condition Polydactyly and Syndactyly.

2008, “Most Fingers and Toes — Living Person”, in Guinness World Records, Human Body — Extreme Bodies:

The rare polydactylies, that is, not clearly only postaxial or only preaxial, are the most likely to be associated with an underlying syndrome.

2021, Leah W. Burke, “3: Genetics of Associated Syndromes”, in Donald R. Laub Jr., editor, Congenital Anomalies of the Upper Extremity, Springer, page 42:

Polydactyly with a triphalangeal thumb will be described in the chapter on the triphalangeal thumb.[…]The incidence of polydactyly depends on the population studied and the definition used. Region, ethnicity and combined numbers of all polydactylies, or only radial or ulnar-sided polydactyly, provide very different incidences in published series.

2023, Christianne van Nieuwenhoven, Steven Hovius, “9: Thumb Polydactyly”, in Giorgio Pajardi, editor, Pediatric Hand Surgery, Springer, page 102:

(medicine, teratology) A congenital condition in which a person or animal has more than the usual number of digits (fingers or toes) on at least one of their hands or feet.

كَثْرَة اَلْأَصَابِع

condition of having more than the usual number of digits


hay fever

en-noun

hay fever (usually uncountable, plural hay fevers)

hay fevers (plural)
hay-fever (alternative)
hayfever (alternative)

First attested by John Bostock in 1819. The smell of hay in the summer was thought to be the origin of the condition.

(pathology, immunology) An allergy to the pollen of grass or other plants that causes symptoms similar to those of a cold; pollinosis.


Down syndrome

Named after John Langdon Haydon Down (1828–1896), an English physician who first described the condition as a distinct form of mental disability in the 1860s.

(neurology, medical genetics) A genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21 (a chromosomal excess), whereby the patients typically have a delay in cognitive ability and physical growth, as well as a small head and tilted eyelids.

مُتَلَازِمَة دَاوْن

genetic disorder caused by a chromosomal excess

唐氏綜合症 /唐氏综合症

tong⁴ si⁶ zung³ hap⁶ zing³, tong⁴ si⁶ zung¹ hap⁶ zing³


acidity

acidity (countable and uncountable, plural acidities)

From French acidité, from Latin aciditātem, accusative singular of aciditās (“sourness, acidity”), from acidus (“sour, acid”). Equivalent to acid + -ity.

(pathology) Excessive acid quality, as in gastric secretions.


leukemia

leukemia (countable and uncountable, plural leukemias)

leukemias (plural)
leucaemia (alternative)
leucemia (alternative)
leukaemia (alternative)
leucæmia (alternative)
leuchaemia (alternative)
leuchemia (alternative)
leukæmia (alternative)
leuchæmia (alternative)
leukhæmia (alternative)

From German Leukämie, from Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”). By surface analysis, leuk- + -emia.

The subjects suffered from lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemias.

In an era when political leaders promise deliverance from decline through America’s purported preeminence in scientific research, the news that science is in deep trouble in the United States has been as unwelcome as a diagnosis of leukemia following the loss of health insurance.

2012 January 5, Philip E. Mirowski, “Harms to Health from the Pursuit of Profits”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, page 87:

(oncology, pathology) Any of a class of types of cancer affecting the blood cells, especially the white blood cells (usually with massive leukocytosis), and the blood cell–forming (hematopoietic) tissues.

tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues


venturi

After Giovanni Battista Venturi, Italian physicist.

He’s at the age where mucus is a daily companion, a culture of mucus among the old, mucus in a thousand manifestations, appearing in clots by total surprise on a friend’s tablecloth, rimming his breath-passages at night in hard venturi, enough to darken the outlines of dreams and send him awake, pleading.

1973, Thomas Pynchon, Gravity's Rainbow:

(rare, pathology) A constriction in the flow of air to lungs.


mildew

→ Catalan: míldiu

→ French: mildiou

→ Portuguese: míldio

→ Spanish: mildiu

From Middle English myldew, from Old English meledēaw, mildēaw, from Proto-West Germanic *milidauw, from *mili (“honey”) + *dauw (“dew”). Compare West Frisian moaldau, Dutch meeldauw, German Mehltau. More at dew.

(phytopathology) A growth of minute powdery or webby fungi, whitish or of different colors, found on various diseased or decaying substances.


passage

Borrowed into Middle English from Old French passage, from passer (“to pass”).

(bacteriology, virology) Serial passage.


APL

APL (countable and uncountable, plural APLs)

(computer language): From the book A Programming Language (1962).

The disease that stood at the pivotal crossroads of oncology was yet another rare variant of leukemia called acute promyelocytic leukemia—APL.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 407:

acute promyelocytic leukemia
w:acute promyelocytic leukemia

(oncology, hematology, uncountable) Initialism of acute promyelocytic leukemia.


PHP

(pathology) Initialism of pseudohypoparathyroidism.


omicron

/əʊˈmaɪkɹɒn/

/əʊˈmaɪkɹən/

/ˈoʊməˌkɹɑn/

/ˈoʊmɪˌkɹɑn/

Johann Bayer
Uranometria
en:omicron (disambiguation)

From Latin omicron, from Koine Greek ὂ μῑκρόν (ò mīkrón, “little o”), named in contrast with omega (“big o”). The uncommon form omicra is similarly borrowed from Latin and Greek. The use for designating stars in a constellation—typically in order of apparent brightness—began with Johann Bayer's 1603 Uranometria.

der

Omicron (alternative)
omikron (alternative)
Omikron (alternative)
o (alternative)
O (alternative)
Ο (alternative)
ο (alternative)

(virology, pathology) Ellipsis of Omicron variant.


jaundice

en-noun

jaundice (countable and uncountable, plural jaundices)

jaundices (plural)
jaundies (alternative)

/ˈd͡ʒɔːndɪs/

From Middle English jaundis, jaunis, from Middle French jaunisse, from jaune (“yellow”) + -isse (“-ness”). Jaune, from Old French jalne, from Latin galbinus (“yellowish”), from galbus (“yellow”).

Why ſhould a man whoſe bloud is warme within, / Sit like his Grandſire, cut in Alabaſter? / Sleepe when he wakes? and creep into the Iaundies / By being peeuiſh?

c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 163:

But look in this new mirror, lovely friend. / Both gods and fairies wait on lovers' wills. / That jaundices be changed to daffodils!

1920, Natalie Clifford Barney, “A Sonnet to My Lady with the Jaundice”, in Poems & poèmes:

In British folk medicine there are some unusual remedies for jaundice. A bizarre superstition from Staffordshire is that if a bladder is filled with the patient's urine and placed near the fire, as it dries out, the patient will recover (Black 1883: 56).

2004, Gabrielle Hatfield, Encyclopedia of Folk Medicine: Old World and New World Traditions, ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 215:

Just ask the doctors how many cases of infantile jaundice in newborn babies have this scene that particular week?

2016, Dueep Jyot Singh, John Davidson, Knowing More About Jaundice - Prevention and Natural Cure Remedies of Jaundice, Mendon Cottage Books, →ISBN, page 8:

(pathology) A morbid condition, characterized by yellowness of the eyes, skin, and urine.


jaundiced

en-adj

jaundiced (comparative more jaundiced, superlative most jaundiced)

more jaundiced (comparative)
most jaundiced (superlative)

Jaundiced eyes seem to see all objects yellow.

1640, Joseph Hall, Episcopacy by Divine Right:

Overhanging her precarious body was a jaundiced face whose skin resembled a sheet of parchment paper punctured by two emotionless eyes.

2001, Dan Brown, Deception Point, →ISBN, page 72:


maternal death

en-noun

maternal death (countable and uncountable, plural maternal deaths)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-maternal death.wav

The death of a woman that occurs directly related to the procreative process; obstetric death.


consumption

consumption (usually uncountable, plural consumptions)

From Middle English consumpcioun, from Old French consumpcion, from Latin cōnsūmptiō, from cōnsūmō + -tiō, from con- (“with, together”) + sūmō (“take; consume”). Equivalent to consume + -tion.

af

(pathology) The wasting away of the human body through disease.

úbytě

wasting-away of the human body through disease

And then as to your ſcurvys, and gouts, rheumatiſms, conſumptions, coughs and catarrhs, tar-vvater and turpentine vvill make you as ſound as a roach.

1763 June 20 (first performance), Samuel Foote, The Mayor of Garret. A Comedy, […], London: […] P[aul] Vaillant, […], published 1764, →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 4:

Pulmonary tuberculosis
pulmonary tuberculosis

(pathology, dated) Pulmonary tuberculosis and other diseases that cause wasting away, lung infection, etc.


aphasia

en-noun

aphasia (countable and uncountable, plural aphasias)

From French aphasie, from Ancient Greek ἀφασία (aphasía), from ἄφατος (áphatos, “speechless”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + φάσις (phásis, “speech”). Equivalent to a- + -phasia.

The very disease aphasia is to most of us a new one; and we venture to say that even yet no one can give a satisfactory definition of Trousseau's new term.

1865, “Discussions upon Aphasia”, in Medical and Surgical Reporter, volume 8, page 197:

Of one form of aphasia we have an accurate description by Van Swieten, in his chapter on apoplexia:―"Vidi plures, qui ab apoplexiâ curati omnibus functionibus cerebri recte valebant, nisi quod deesset, hoc unicum, quod non possent vera rebus designandis vocabula invenire."

1865, J. T. Banks, “On the Loss of Language in Cerebral Disease”, in Dublin quarterly journal of medical science, volume 39, page 63:

The Doctor came over in three minutes, and heard the story. ‘It's aphasia,’ he said.

1888, Rudyard Kipling, “The Conversion of Aurelian McGoggin”, in Plain Tales from the Hills, Folio, published 2005, page 76:

Bruce Willis, the prolific action-movie star, has been diagnosed with aphasia — a disorder that affects the brain’s language center and a person’s ability to understand or express speech — and will step away from acting, his ex-wife, Demi Moore, announced in an Instagram post on Wednesday.

2022 March 30, Maya Salam, “Bruce Willis Has Aphasia and Is ‘Stepping Away’ From His Career”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(pathology) A partial or total loss of language skills due to brain damage. Usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including Broca's area and Wernicke's area, causes aphasia.


affect

en-verb

affect (third-person singular simple present affects, present participle affecting, simple past and past participle affected)

affects (present singular third-person)
affecting (participle present)
affected (participle past)
affected (past)

From Middle English affecten, from Latin affectāre, from Latin affectus, the participle stem of Latin afficere (“to act upon, influence, affect, attack with disease”), from ad- + facere (“to make, do”).

der

Hepatitis affects the liver.

(transitive, pathology) Of an illness or condition, to infect or harm (a part of the body).


bunion

bunions (plural)
bunyon (alternative)
bunian (alternative)
bunnion (alternative)
bunnian (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bunion.wav

From alteration of earlier bunny (“lump, swelling”), from Middle English bony, boni (“bunion, swelling”), perhaps Italian bubbone (augmented form of bugno (“beehive”)), or more likely from Lombard bugnon (“bunyon”), all three from Old French bugne, buigne, bune (“bump, knob, swelling”), from Old Norse bunga (“an elevation, bulge”) or Frankish *bungjō (“a swelling, lump, bump”), both from Proto-Germanic *bungô, *bunkô (“lump, clump, heap, crowd”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰenǵʰ- (“thick, dense, fat”). Cognate with Dutch bonk (“lump, clump”), German Bunge (“swelling, tuber”).

(pathology) A bump or bulge on the first joint of the big toe caused by the swelling of a sac of fluid under the skin.

бурси́т

большо́го па́льца стопы́

ши́шка

на нару́жной стороне́ большо́го па́льца ноги́

válʹgusnaja deformácija pérvovo pálʹca stopý

вальгусная деформа́ция первого пальца стопы


wart

From Middle English warte, werte, from Old English wearte, from Proto-West Germanic *wartā, from Proto-Germanic *wartǭ. Cognate with Dutch wrat, German Warze, Hunsrik Waarz, Swedish vårta and Danish vorte.

A wart has appeared on my toe.

human papillomavirus
human papillomavirus

(pathology) A type of deformed growth occurring on the skin caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).


tuberculosis

en-noun

tuberculosis (countable and uncountable, plural tuberculoses)

To international scientific vocabulary from New Latin tūberculōsis, from Latin tūberculum (diminutive of tūber (“lump”)) + Latin -ōsis (“diseased condition”); by surface analysis, tubercul(um) + -osis; named for the encapsulated colonies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within the lungs in pulmonary tuberculosis, which can look like small tubers (tubercles) on gross pathology. The disease has existed throughout human experience and had other names for millennia before scientific medicine renamed it with a New Latin term in the mid-19th century (1840s); in English it was called consumption because of the wasting away that consumed health and seemed even to consume flesh in some cases (for example, causing fistulas and tissue breakdown).

surf

With smallpox gone, tuberculosis is today the deadliest infectious disease on the planet.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 380:

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis#Translingual

(pathology) An infectious disease of humans and animals caused by a species of mycobacterium, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mainly infecting the lungs where it causes tubercles characterized by the expectoration of mucus and sputum, fever, weight loss, and chest pain, and transmitted through inhalation or ingestion of bacteria.

gross pathology
international scientific vocabulary
tuberculosis
tuberculosis#Names


paralysis

en-noun

paralysis (countable and uncountable, plural paralyses)

/pəˈɹæləsəs/

Borrowed from Latin paralysis, from Ancient Greek παράλυσις (parálusis, “palsy”), from παραλύω (paralúō, “to disable on one side”). By surface analysis, para- + -lysis. Doublet of palsy.

der

(pathology) The complete loss of voluntary control of part of a person's body, such as one or more limbs.


mad cow disease

(colloquial, veterinary, pathology) Synonym of bovine spongiform encephalopathy

جُنُون البَقَر

informal: bovine spongiform encephalopathy


alopecia

en-noun

alopecia (countable and uncountable, plural alopecias)

alopecias (plural)
alopecy (alternative)

/ˌæl.əʊˈpiː.ʃə/

Borrowed from Latin alopecia, from the Ancient Greek ἀλωπεκία (alōpekía, “fox-mange”), from ἀλώπηξ (alṓpēx, “fox”) + -ία (-ía, a formative ending used in Ancient Greek, especially used in naming diseases).

af

(pathology) Deficiency of the hair, which may be caused by failure to grow or loss after growth.


acholia

From New Latin acholia, from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not”) + χολή (kholḗ, “bile”).

The intensely bilious color of the liver shows that the discoloration of the contents of the intestines is not due to arrested production of bile, that is to acholia.

1875, Felix von Niemeyer, translated by Geoorge H. Humphreys and Charles E. Hackley, A Text-book of Practical Medicine, with Particular Reference to Physiology and Pathological Anatomy, page 692:

This then illustrates acholia in the literal sense of the word, and explains the absence of icterus in spite of the complete obliteration of the ductus communis choledochus.

1884, The Journal of the American Medical Association, volume 2, page 320:

A 1-month 3-week-old infant with a history of neonatal jaundice, cholestasis, and acholia is admitted to our hospital to rule out biliary atresia and further treatment.

2012, Carmen Gallego Herrera, Enrique Medina Benítez, “Case 1: Percutaneous Ultrasound-guided Liver Biopsy”, in María I. Martínez-León, Antonio Martínez-Valverde, Luisa Ceres-Ruiz, editors, Imaging for Pediatricians: 100 Key Cases, page 163:

(medicine, pathology) Deficiency or absence of bile.


fungus

en-noun

fungus (countable and uncountable, plural fungi or (nonstandard, rare) funguses or (nonstandard, rare) fungusses)

fungi (plural)
funguses (nonstandard plural rare)
fungusses (nonstandard plural rare)

→ Irish: fungas

Borrowed from Latin fungus (“mushroom”).

(now rare, pathology) A spongy, abnormal excrescence, such as excessive granulation tissue formed in a wound.


neu

The name of this oncogene is abbreviated from a neuroglioblastoma cell line, from which it was originally isolated in rats.


felon

From Middle English feloun, felone (“type of carbuncle or sore with pus; swelling on a hawk’s body”), possibly from Old French *felon, from Latin fel (“bile, gall; bitterness; poison; venom”): see etymology 1.

der

He hev been away from home for a few days, since he's had that felon upon his finger; for a' said, since I can't work I'll have a hollerday.

1874, Thomas Hardy, “In the Sun—a Harbinger”, in Far from the Madding Crowd. […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder & Co., […], →OCLC, page 31:

(pathology, veterinary medicine) A small infected sore; an abscess, a boil; specifically, a whitlow (“infection near or under the cuticle of a fingernail or toenail”).


carrier

но́сьбіт

person or object that carries someone or something else

(genetics, pathology) A person or other organism that has a genetic trait, mutation or infection liable to cause a disease, but displays no symptoms.

حَامِل

person or organism that has inherited a trait or disease but displays no symptoms


cancer

en-noun

cancer (countable and uncountable, plural cancers)

→ Hindi: कैंसर (kainsar)

→ Punjabi:

Gurmukhi script: ਕੈਂਸਰ (kainsar)

Shahmukhi script: کینسر (kainsar)

→ Swahili: kansa

→ Urdu: کینسر (kainsar)

→ Welsh: canser

Borrowed from Latin cancer (“crab”), a calque of Ancient Greek καρκίνος (karkínos, “crab; ulcer; cancer”) (possibly cognate), applied to cancerous tumors because the enlarged veins resembled the legs of a crab. Doublet of canker and chancre.

calque

If successful, Edison and Ford—in 1914—would move society away from the[…]hazards of gasoline cars: air and water pollution, noise and noxiousness, constant coughing and the undeniable rise in cancers caused by smoke exhaust particulates.

2006, Edwin Black, chapter 1, in Internal Combustion:

Risk is everywhere. From tabloid headlines insisting that coffee causes cancer (yesterday, of course, it cured it) to stern government warnings about alcohol and driving, the world is teeming with goblins. For each one there is a frighteningly precise measurement of just how likely it is to jump from the shadows and get you.

2013 June 22, “Snakes and ladders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 76:

Cancers are common diseases; in the aggregate, they are among the leading causes of death nationally and worldwide, and their incidence is increasing as the population ages.

2015 February 26, Francis S. Collins, Harold Varmus, “A New Initiative on Precision Medicine”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 372, number 9, →DOI, pages 793–794:

(medicine, oncology, pathology) A disease in which the cells of a tissue undergo uncontrolled (and often rapid) proliferation.

kanker

disease of uncontrolled cellular proliferation


IBS

identical by state
identical by state#English


bacteriophage

/bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəʊˌfeɪd͡ʒ/

Borrowed from French bactériophage, coined by microbiologist Félix d'Hérelle, from bacterio- (“bacteria”) + -phage (“eater”).

af

Another possibility is to enlist a bacteriophage, a kind of virus, to hunt down and kill harmful bacteria for us.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 54:

(microbiology, virology) A virus that specifically infects bacteria.


phage

From Ancient Greek -φάγος (-phágos, “eater”), from φαγ- (phag-), aorist stem of ἐσθίω (esthíō), ἔδω (édō, “to eat, to consume”).

"The plural word phages refers to different types of phage, whereas in common usage the word phage can be both singular and plural, referring in the plural sense to particles of the same type of phage." Maloy et al: Microbial Genetics, 2nd ed., 1984, →ISBN, p. 81

(microbiology, virology) A virus that is parasitic on bacteria.


aggressive

en-adj

aggressive (comparative more aggressive, superlative most aggressive)

more aggressive (comparative)
most aggressive (superlative)

From aggress + -ive. Compare with French agressif.

rīrā

Spreading rapidly of a disease or tumour

(pathology, of a tumour or disease) That spreads quickly or extensively; virulent; malignant.


ague

en-noun

ague (countable and uncountable, plural agues)

From Middle English agu, ague, borrowed from Middle French (fievre) aguë, “acute (fever)” (Modern French fièvre aiguë), from Late Latin (febris) acuta (“acute fever”), from Latin acūtus (“sharp, acute”) + febris (“fever”).
Doublet of acute.

He had to capture some character and get out of that rest room before his ague got so bad that the sergeant had to carry him to and from the booth every day.

1963 (date written), John Kennedy Toole, chapter 8, in A Confederacy of Dunces, London: Penguin Books, published 1980 (1981 printing), →ISBN, page 163:

He shivered all the while so violently, that it was quite as much as he could do to keep the neck of the bottle between his teeth, without biting it off.
 “I think you have got the ague,” said I.
 “I’m much of your opinion, boy,” said he.
“It’s bad about here,” I told him. “You’ve been lying out on the meshes, and they’re dreadful aguish. Rheumatic too.”

1860 December – 1861 August, Charles Dickens, chapter III, in Great Expectations […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, […], published October 1861, →OCLC:

Ague and lake fever had attacked our new settlement. The men in the shanty were all down with it, and my husband was confined to his bed on each alternate day, unable to raise hand or foot, and raving in the delirium of the fever.

1852, Susanna Moodie, Roughing it in the Bush: or, Forest Life in Canada:

’Twere hard to say who fared the best:
 Sad mortals! thus the Gods still plague you!
 He lost his labour, I my jest:
For he was drowned, and I’ve the ague

1810, Lord Byron, Written after Swimming from Sestos to Abydos:

(pathology) An intermittent fever, attended by alternate cold and hot fits.


sessile

From Latin sessilis (“sitting”), from sessus, perfect passive participle of verb sedeō (“to sit”), + adjective suffix -ilis. Compare session.

The pileus is sessile, or sometimes narrowed at the base into a short stem, the caps often numerous and crowded together in an overlapping or imbricate manner.

1903, George Francis Atkinson, chapter VII, in Studies of American Fungi. Mushrooms, Edible, Poisonous, etc., 2nd edition, New York: Henry Holt:

The sporophyte foot is also characteristic: it is very broad and more or less lenticular or disciform, as broad or broader than the calyptra stalk[…], and is sessile on the calyptra base[…]

1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 5:

(botany, oncology) Attached directly by the base; not having an intervening stalk; stalkless.


anxiety

anxiety (countable and uncountable, plural anxieties)

anxieties (plural)
anxietie (alternative)

From Latin anxietās, from anxius (“anxious, solicitous, distressed, troubled”), from angō (“to distress, trouble”), akin to Ancient Greek ἄγχω (ánkhō, “to choke”). Equivalent to anxious + -ety. See anger; angst.

(pathology) A state of restlessness and agitation, often accompanied by a distressing sense of oppression or tightness in the stomach.


anosmia

anosmia (countable and uncountable, plural anosmias)

/æˈnɑːzmiːə/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-anosmia.wav

From New Latin anosmia, equivalent to an- + -osmi.

Often accompanied by an inability to taste, anosmia occurs abruptly and dramatically in these patients, almost as if a switch had been flipped.

2021 January 2, Roni Caryn Rabin, “Some Covid Survivors Haunted by Loss of Smell and Taste”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Inability to smell; the inability to perceive odors.


anosmic

en-adj

anosmic (comparative more anosmic, superlative most anosmic)

more anosmic (comparative)
most anosmic (superlative)

He had an anosmic patient who was very fond of the bouquet of moselle. […] One gentleman fell from his horse, fractured the ethmoid bone, and became anosmic.

1870 February 12, William Ogle, “Anosmia; Cases Illustrating the Physiology and Pathology of the Sense of Smell”, in James G. Wakley, editor, The Lancet: A Journal of British and Foreign Medicine, Physiology, Surgery, Chemistry, Criticism, Literature and News, volume I, number 2424, London: Published by John James Croft, at the office of "The Lancet," 423, Strand, →OCLC, page 231, column 1:

The possible influence of various sensory factors in migration was tested by Dodson and Leggett (1974) who compared the behaviour of ultrasonically tagged control shad with ones which had been blinded, or had the olfactory system occluded (anosmic fish), or had been subjected to both these operations. […] Both blind and blind/anosmic fish orientated into the tidal current and altered their swimming speed in relation to the speed of the tide as did intact fish.

1982, J. H. S. Blaxter, J. R. Hunter, “The Biology of Clupeoid Fishes”, in J. H. S. Blaxter, Frederick S[tratten] Russell, Maurice Yonge, editors, Advances in Marine Biology, volume 20, London, New York, N.Y.: Academic Press, →ISBN, pages 124–125:

As a first step in determining the degree of involvement of other sensory systems in the smell deficits of anosmic patients, a retrospective study was undertaken to determine if these patients could separate trigeminal and nontrigeminal odorants. […] The results of this analysis demonstrated […] that anosmic patients could separate ammonia and vinegar from the other eight odorants of the OCM [Odorant Confusion Matrix], even though these odorants are usually not correctly identified.

1994, David E. Hornung, Daniel Kurtz, Steven L. Youngentob, “Anosmic Patients Can Trigeminal and Nontrigeminal Stimulants”, in K[enzo] Kurihara, N[oriyo] Suzuki, H[isashi] Ogawa, editors, Olfaction and Taste XI: Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste and of the 27th Japanese Symposium on Taste and Smell: Joint Meeting Held at Kosei-nenkin Kaikan, Sapporo, Japan, July 12–16, 1993, Tokyo, Berlin, New York, N.Y.: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, page 635:

Klopfer and Gamble (1966) gave 16 female goats (C. hircus) 5 min of contact with their young at parturition. Nine of the mothers had been temporarily rendered anosmic (could not smell) at parturition by spraying a 10% cocaine hydrogen chloride solution into their nostrils 20–90 min prior to parturition. […] Eight of the nine females who were anosmic at parturition but could smell at reintroduction accepted their own offspring, as well as alien young during reinstatement.

2008, Edward O. Price, “Maternal and Neonatal Behavior”, in Principles and Applications of Domestic Animal Behavior: An Introductory Text, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, Cambridge, Mass.: CABI, →ISBN, page 149:

(pathology) Having anosmia; lacking a sense of smell.


anosmic

A person who has lost the sense of smell (an anosmic) is deprived of more than pleasurable sensations, for it has been argued that as the environment becomes more polluted what the nose knows may have to be taken seriously[…].

1982, Trygg Engen, “Introduction”, in The Perception of Odors (Academic Press Series in Cognition and Perception), New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 1:

An anosmic will be able to taste the sweetness of an apple or a pear but will be unable to distinguish between their flavors or be able to taste chocolate.

2006, Richard L. Doty, Steven M. Bromley, Windolyn D. Panganiban, “Olfactory Function and Dysfunction”, in Byron J. Bailey, Jonas T. Johnson, Shawn D. Newlands, editors, Head & Neck Surgery – Otolaryngology, 4th edition, volume 1, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, →ISBN, page 298, column 1:

The emotional consequences of smell loss are often underestimated, particularly in the medical community. Anosmics show varying degrees of depressive symptoms, such as feelings of helplessness, isolation in their condition, sad mood, loss of independence, and fatigue. Depression is common among patients with smell dysfunction. One-fifth of a sample of anosmics scored in the clinically depressed range on a depression measure, […]

2011, Tim Jacob, “The Science of Taste and Smell”, in Francesca Bacci, David Melcher, editors, Art and the Senses, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 202:

(pathology) A person with anosmia; a person lacking a sense of smell.


RF

en-noun

RF (countable and uncountable, plural RFs)

rheumatoid factor
rheumatoid factor#English

(pathology) Initialism of rheumatoid factor.


irritable bowel syndrome

(pathology) A functional disorder causing the nerves and muscles of the large intestine to be oversensitive, leading to symptoms such as cramp, bloating, flatulence, diarrhoea and constipation.

腸易激綜合徵 /肠易激综合征

functional disorder of the large intestine


deep vein thrombosis

deep vein thrombosis (countable and uncountable, plural deep vein thromboses)

deep vein thromboses (plural)
deep-vein thrombosis (alternative)

(pathology) A potentially fatal condition in which one or more thrombi (or clots) form in the predominantly the leg or, more unusually, the arm. The clot may break free from the venous wall and travel via the circulatory system to the heart or to the lungs (causing a pulmonary embolism); this condition is often caused by keeping the legs bent for long periods but can also be caused by other medical problems.


deep-vein thrombosis

deep-vein thrombosis (countable and uncountable, plural deep-vein thromboses)

deep vein thrombosis
deep vein thrombosis#English

(pathology) Alternative spelling of deep vein thrombosis


economy class syndrome

From its noted occurrence among airline passengers flying long haul in economy class, where there is less legroom than other classes.

Deep vein thrombosis
deep vein thrombosis#English

(pathology, slang) Deep vein thrombosis.


thrombosis

thrombosis (countable and uncountable, plural thromboses)

/θɹɒmˈbəʊsɪs/

From Ancient Greek θρόμβωσις (thrómbōsis, “curdling, clotting”). By surface analysis, thrombus + -osis.

bor

The cure for thrombosis at the heart of London was to start work quickly on the new Victoria line. A high-level decision to proceed with this railway was urgently awaited

1962 August, “Talking of Trains: Metropolitan modernisation completed”, in Modern Railways, page 87:

Blood-clotting platelets had surged like minnows to the site of injury, clumping together to form a thrombosis that blocked the artery, causing a heart attack and tissue death.

2018, Sandeep Jauhar, Heart: a History, →ISBN, page 37:

(pathology) The formation of thrombi in the blood vessels of a living organism, causing obstruction of the circulation.

خُثار

formation of thrombi in the blood vessels, causing obstruction of the circulation

血栓形成

xuèshuān xíngchéng or xiěshuān xíngchéng


thrombose

en-verb

thrombose (third-person singular simple present thromboses, present participle thrombosing, simple past and past participle thrombosed)

thromboses (present singular third-person)
thrombosing (participle present)
thrombosed (participle past)
thrombosed (past)

(ambitransitive, pathology) To affect with, or be affected by, thrombosis.


thrombus

Borrowed from New Latin thrombus, from the Ancient Greek θρόμβος (thrómbos, “lump, piece, blood clot, milk curd”); compare thrombo-.

der

(hematology, pathology) A blood clot formed from platelets and other elements that forms in a blood vessel in a living organism, and causes thrombosis or obstruction of the vessel at its point of formation or travel to other areas of the body.

خُثْرَة

blood clot formed in blood vessels that leads to thrombosis


MBD

en-noun

MBD (countable and uncountable, plural MBDs)

(pathology) Initialism of minimal brain damage.

(pathology) Initialism of minimal brain disorder.

(pathology) Initialism of minimal brain dysfunction.

(pathology) Initialism of mosquito-borne disease.


sunstroke

But, however this may be, the grounds upon which I base my belief that "chill" in the one case, and "heat" in the other, is the most common exciting cause of these maladies, respectively, are furnished by the fact that malarious fevers are found to prevail with a periodicity corresponding with that of the annual seasons of greatest change in the weather elements, namely, the spring and autumn, and moreover, with a periodicity corresponding, at least in the Punjab, for which province the statistics have been tabulated, with the triennial cycles of rainfall -- a peculiarity in which they coincide with cholera -- whilst sun-fever or sunstroke is found to prevail with a periodicity corresponding with the season of highest temperature.

1885, Henry Walter Bellew, The History of Cholera in India from 1862 to 1881, page 815:

Idiopathic non-septic periencephalitis may be produced by profound grief, protracted anxiety, especially when accompanied by great overwork, partial starvation combined with the gnawing anxiety of deep poverty, and also, it is affirmed, by sunstroke.

1896, Horatio C. Wood, The Practice of Medicine, page 513:

Later came midsummer, with the stifling heat, when the dingy killing beds of Durham’s became a very purgatory; one time, in a single day, three men fell dead from sunstroke.

1904, Upton Sinclair, chapter 10, in The Jungle:

(pathology) Heat stroke caused by an excessive exposure to the sun's rays.

ضَرْبَة شَمْس

heatstroke caused by an excessive exposure to the sun's rays


-itis

-itides (plural sometimes)
rarely -itises (plural sometimes)

itis

From New Latin -itis, from Ancient Greek -ῖτις (-îtis, “pertaining to”). This is the feminine form of adjectival suffix -ῑ́της (-ī́tēs). The English suffix derives from the feminine form due to its use with the feminine noun νόσος (nósos, “disease”), particularly with ἀρθρῖτις (νόσος) (arthrîtis (nósos), “disease of the joints”) (one of the earliest English borrowings from which the suffix was extracted and abstracted). Humorous sense by generalization.

der

(pathology) Suffix denoting diseases characterized by inflammation, itself often caused by an infection.

-ιτις

suffix denoting diseases characterized by inflammation

-и́т

suffix denoting fictitious afflictions or diseases


dys-

From New Latin dys-, from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “hard, difficult, bad”).

dysendocrinism, dysexecutive, dysautonomia, dysbarism


chemotherapy

en-noun

chemotherapy (countable and uncountable, plural chemotherapies)

/ˌkiːməʊˈθɛɹəpi/

(oncology, most common usage) chemical treatment to kill or halt the replication and/or spread of cancerous cells in a patient.

quimioteràpia

chemical treatment to kill or halt cancer


dystopia

dystopia (countable and uncountable, plural dystopia or dystopias or dystopiae)

dystopia (plural)
dystopias (plural)
dystopiae (plural)

From dys- + -topia, as if from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) + τόπος (tópos, “place, region”) + -ία (-ía), based on utopia being reinterpreted as eu-topia.

The patient suffers from adrenal dystopia.

2. Dystopiæ of separate organs.

1899, Joshua M. Van Cott, Jr., “Pathology of the Fœtus—Anomalies of the Fœtus”, in Charles Jewett, editor, The Practice of Obstetrics by American Authors, New York, N.Y., Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea Brothers & Co., part V (Pathology of Pregnancy), page 325:

Davis, J. E. (J. Urol., Vol. xx-155, 1928), writing on the surgical pathology of malformation in the kidneys and ureters, classifies these anomalies into three groups: (a) anomalies of position (dystopiae).

1930 January 16, The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 202, number 3, page 126, column 1:

While harelips were mostly associated with dystopiae of the incisor teeth, median jaw fusion was accompanied by characteristic dental fusion.

1968, Walter Ritter, Kraniofaziale Dysplasien und Störungen der Zahnentwicklung:

Surgical treatment of congenital testicular dystopiae. (B. Kleinteich et al.) Zentralbl. Chir. 1979, 104, 736.

1979, British Journal of Urology, page xlv:

(pathology) Anatomical tissue that is not found in its usual place.


visceral

en-adj

visceral (comparative more visceral, superlative most visceral)

more visceral (comparative)
most visceral (superlative)

From Middle French viscéral (modern French viscéral), or from its etymon Medieval Latin viscerālis (“internal”) + English -al (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Viscerālis is derived from Latin viscera (a plural form of vīscus (“internal organ of the body”); further etymology uncertain, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *weys- (“to rotate, turn”)) + -ālis (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives).
cognates
* Old French visceral (Middle French viscéral, modern French viscéral)
* Italian viscerale
* Spanish visceral

vnitřní

of or relating to, made up of, or positioned among or within, the viscera

(anatomy) Of or relating to, made up of, or positioned among or within, the viscera (“internal organs of the body, especially those contained within the abdominal and thoracic cavities”).

(pathology) Of a disease: involving the viscera.


adenitis

en-noun

adenitis (countable and uncountable, plural adenitises or adenitides)

(medicine, pathology) Glandular inflammation.


cataract

→ Cebuano: katarak

→ Marshallese: kōtrāāk

From Middle English cataract, cateract, cateracte, cataracta, from Latin cataracta (“waterfall, portcullis”), from Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs), from καταράσσω (katarássō, “I pour down”), from κατα- (kata-, “down”) + ἀράσσω (arássō, “to strike, dash”). Its pathological sense probably came from its alternative sense in Latin, “portcullis”, through French through the notion of “obstruction”, in this case, of vision.

der

Rarely, a dense, swollen neglected cataract precipitates an angle-closure glaucoma.

1999, J. J. Gallo, J. Busby-Whitehead, W. Reichel, P. V. Rabins, R. A. Silliman, Reichel’s Care of the Elderly, page 563:

Shallow, this is what I created
Splayed out skeletons in the cracks in the pavement
And now, can you feel the injection back behind those cloudy eyes?
In-between every cataract, a projection of my life

2022, “Rotoscope”, performed by Spiritbox:

(pathology) A clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision.


mono

Shortenings, ultimately from the prefix mono- (“one, single”).

(pathology, informal) Clipping of mononucleosis.


obliterate

en-verb

obliterate (third-person singular simple present obliterates, present participle obliterating, simple past and past participle obliterated)

obliterates (present singular third-person)
obliterating (participle present)
obliterated (participle past)
obliterated (past)
obliterate (infinitive)

PIE word
 *h₁epi
(start of 17th century) From earlier obliterat, learned borrowing from Latin obliterātus, oblitterātus (“having been blotted out, effaced, erased; having been forgotten”) (see -ate (verb-forming suffix, of participial origin)). Obliterātus and oblitterātus are respectively the perfect passive participles of obliterō and oblitterō (“to blot out, efface, erase, obliterate; to cause to be forgotten”), probably either:
* from ob- (prefix meaning ‘against; towards’) + littera (“letter of the alphabet; (metonymically) handwriting”) (further etymology unknown); or
* from oblītus (“disregarded, neglected; forgotten”), influenced by littera. Oblītus is the perfect passive participle of oblinō (“to daub over, besmear”), from ob- + possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“not heavy, light; brief; swift”).
Cognates
* Catalan obliterar (“to erase; to cancel (a stamp); to close up or fill (a body cavity, vessel, etc.)”)
* Middle French oblitérer (modern French oblitérer (“to cause (memories) to fade; to block, obstruct; to cancel (a stamp, ticket, etc.) so it cannot be reused”))
* Portuguese obliterar (“to destroy completely; to erase”)
* Spanish obliterar (“to destroy completely; to erase”)

cog

/əˈblɪtəˌɹeɪt/

obliterar

to impair the function and/or structure of (a body cavity, vessel, etc.) by ablating or occluding it

In the developing embryo the foregut is surrounded by a group of vascular structures of bilateral distribution connected with the branchial arches. Portions of these arches are obliterated to form the normally described aorta and great vessels. The ultimate persistence of only one main vascular arch, the left, as the aorta, permits the trachea and oesophagus to lie freely to its right side.

1959 September, F. Ronald Edwards, “Vascular Compression of the Trachea and Oesophagus”, in N[orman] R[upert] Barrett, J[ohn] G[uyett] Scadding, editors, Thorax, volume XIV, number 3, London: British Medical Association, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, →PMID, page 187, column 1:

The pleural sac was obliterated by firm fibrous adhesions over the right upper lobe.

1959 December, R. H. Elphinstone, R. G. Spector, “Sarcoma of the Pulmonary Artery”, in N[orman] R[upert] Barrett, J[ohn] G[uyett] Scadding, editors, Thorax, volume XIV, number 4, London: British Medical Association, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, →PMID, page 335, column 1:

Compression of an aneurysm of the left carotid artery should obliterate only the pulses of the distribution of this artery, not those of the femoral arteries. If the mass is an aneurysm of the right common carotid artery, manual compression should obliterate the distribution of this vessel and, because of its location, may also obliterate the vessels of the right arm. However, femoral pulsations should be preserved.

1974 July, Ira W. DuBrow, Sheldon O. Burman, Decio O. Elias, Alois R. Hastreiter, Raymond J. Pietras, “Aortic Arch in the Neck”, in The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, volume 68, number 1, [St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby?], →DOI, →ISSN, →PMID, page 27, column 1:

(biology, pathology, surgery, chiefly passive voice) To impair the function and/or structure of (a body cavity, vessel, etc.) by ablating or occluding it (in the latter case, chiefly by filling it with tissue).

distal pulses obliterate until perfusion is restored

(biology, pathology) Of a body cavity, vessel, etc.: to close up or fill with tissue; of perfusion or a pulse: to cease owing to obstruction.

täyttyä

of a body cavity, vessel, etc.: to close up or fill with tissue; of perfusion or a pulse: to cease owing to obstruction


virus

en-noun

virus (countable and uncountable, plural viruses or (rare) virusses or (rare) vira or (proscribed) viri or (proscribed) virii)

viruses (plural)
virusses (plural rare)
vira (plural rare)
viri (plural proscribed)
virii (plural proscribed)

→ Amharic: ቫይረስ (vayräs)

→ Bengali: ভাইরাস (bhairaś)

→ Burmese: ဗိုင်းရပ်စ် (buing:rapc)

→ Dhivehi: ވައިރަސް (vairas)

→ Hindi: वायरस (vāyras)

→ Japanese: バイラス (bairasu)

→ Kannada: ವೈರಸ್ (vairas)

→ Korean: 바이러스 (baireoseu)

→ Lao: ໄວຣັສ (wai rat)

→ Malay: virus

→ Malayalam: വൈറസ് (vaiṟasŭ)

→ Maltese: vajrus

→ Sinhalese: වෛරස (wairasa)

→ Telugu: వైరస్ (vairas)

→ Thai: ไวรัส (wai-rát)

desc

→ Urdu: وائرس

→ Urdu: وائرس

From Middle English virus, from Latin vīrus (“poison, slime, venom”), via rhotacism from Proto-Italic *weizos, from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“fluidity, slime, poison”). First use in the computer context by David Gerrold in his 1972 book When HARLIE Was One.

der

Meronym: virion (individual particle)

Some viruses, such as norovirus, cause sporadic outbreaks of gastroenteritis.

A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure that consists of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and that sometimes causes disease in the host organism (such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms).

Under electron microscopy, a few viruses were seen floating near the cells.

(occasionally proscribed) An individual particle thereof: synonym of virion.

Viruses are the smallest and most simplified forms of life.

2001, Leslie Iversen, Drugs: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 64:

Bats host many high-profile viruses that can infect humans, including severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola.

2013 May-June, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 193:

He's got a virus and had to stay home from school.

(informal, metonymically) A disease caused by such an infectious agent; a viral illness.

Brazil, that inferno where every budding flower and every buzzing bluebottle fly bears a lascivious virus.

(archaic) Venom, as produced by a poisonous animal etc.


cretin

From French crétin (“cretin, idiot”), likely from crestin, an Alpine dialectal form of chrétien, from Latin christiānus in the lost sense of “anyone in Christendom”, often with a sense of “poor fellow”. Doublet of Christian.

(pathology) A person who fails to develop mentally and physically due to a congenital hypothyroidism.

cretí

person who fails to develop due to congenital hypothyroidism


pulmonary embolism

en-noun

pulmonary embolism (plural pulmonary embolisms)

pulmonary embolisms (plural)
PE (abbreviation)

(pathology) The embolism or obstruction of a pulmonary artery, usually by a detached blood clot from a leg or pelvic vein, which causes a stoppage of blood into the lungs; symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, fainting, and sometimes death.


tumor

From Middle English tumour, from Old French tumour, from Latin tumor (“swelling”), from tumeō (“bulge, swell”, verb), from Proto-Italic *tumēō, from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”). Related to English thumb.

der

a benign tumor

a malignant tumor

brain tumor

identify tumor

pancreatic tumor

remove a tumor

take a tumor

stomach tumor

differential diagnosis
differential diagnosis

(oncology, pathology) An abnormal growth; differential diagnosis includes abscess, metaplasia, and neoplasia.

เนื้องอก

nʉ́ʉa-ngɔ̂ɔk


earwax

From Middle English erewax, a compound of ere + wax. Equivalent to ear + wax.

ear wax (alternative)
ear-wax (alternative)

Her's Agamemnon, an honeſt fellow inough and one that loues quailes, but hee has not ſo much braine as eare-wax, […]

c. 1602, William Shakespeare, The Famous Historie of Troylus and Cresseid. Excellently Expressing the Beginning of their Loues, with the Conceited Wooing of Pandarus, Prince of Licia, London: Imprinted by G[eorge] Eld for R[ichard] Bonian and H[enry] Walley, and are to be sold at the spred Eagle in Paules Church-yeard, ouer against the great North doore, published 1609, →OCLC, act V, scene 1:

(medicine, pathology) A waxy substance secreted by the ear.


prion

From (a reordering of) the initial letters of proteinaceous infectious particle. Coined by Neurologist, biochemist Stanley B. Prusiner in 1982.

coin

Prions retain deep mysteries, the foremost of which is what on earth they exist for.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 277:

Five public research institutions in France have imposed a 3-month moratorium on the study of prions—a class of misfolding, infectious proteins that cause fatal brain diseases—after a retired lab worker who handled prions in the past was diagnosed with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), the most common prion disease in humans.

2021 July 28, Barbara Casassus, “France issues moratorium on prion research after fatal brain disease strikes two lab workers”, in Science:

(molecular biology) A self-propagating misfolded conformer of a protein that is responsible for a number of diseases that affect the brain and other neural tissue.


NP

en-noun

NP (countable and uncountable, plural NPs)

(medicine, pathology) Abbreviation of nosocomial pneumonia.


pique

A variant of pica, or from its etymon Late Latin pica (“disorder characterized by appetite and craving for non-edible substances”), from Latin pīca (“jay; magpie”) (from the idea that magpies will eat almost anything), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peyk- (“magpie; woodpecker”).

der

The World is nat'rally averse / To all the truth it sees or hears, / But swallows Non-sense and a Lie / With greediness and gluttony; / And though it have the Pique, and long, / 'Tis still for something in the wrong: […]

1677 (indicated as 1678), [Samuel Butler], “[The Third Part of Hudibras]. Canto II.”, in Hudibras. The Third and Last Part. […], London: […] Robert Horne, […], published 1679, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, page 260:

(pathology, obsolete, rare) Synonym of pica (“a disorder characterized by appetite and craving for non-edible substances”)


agenesis

en-noun

agenesis (countable and uncountable, plural ageneses)

/eɪˈd͡ʒɛnəsɪs/

(pathology) Any imperfect development of the body, or any anomaly of organization


agennesis

From a- + Ancient Greek γέννησις (génnēsis, “engendering”).


sialolith

(medicine, pathology) Technically, a calculus in the salivary ducts causing an obstruction. There are other obstructions of the salivary ducts that are sometimes also referred to (more broadly) as sialoliths, including infectious blockage, stenosis, etc. There are also other substances besides calcium that may be the cause of the obstruction.


hydrophobia

en-noun

hydrophobia (countable and uncountable, plural hydrophobias)

/ˌhʌɪ.dɹə(ʊ)ˈfəʊ.bɪ.ə/

From Middle English idroforbia (“hydrophobia”), from Latin hydrophobia, from Ancient Greek ὑδροφοβία (hudrophobía), from ὑδρο- (hudro-), combining form of ῠ̔́δωρ (hŭ́dōr, “water”), + φοβία (phobía, “phobia”). The word is analysable as hydro- + -phobia.

inh

[…] Cato, who ſcorned both death and fortune, could not abide the ſight of a looking glaſſe or of water; overcome with horrour, and quelled with amazement, if by the contagion of a mad dog he had falne into that ſickneſſe which Phiſitians call Hydroforbia, or feare of waters.

1603, Michel de Montaigne, “An Apologie of Raymond Sebond”, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC, page 319:

Now that I have breathed a little, I am anxious to know your opinion of the nature of that affection in the throat, which deprives a patient of the power of ſwallowing in conſequence of hydrophobia.

1796 April, “Art. 27. Dialogues between a Pupil of the Late John Hunter and Jesse Foot, including Passages in Darwin’s Zoonomia. 8vo. pp. 102. 3s. sewed. Becket. 1795. [book review]”, in The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal, Enlarged, volume XIX, London: Printed for R[alph] Griffiths; and sold by T[homas] Becket, […], →OCLC, page 451:

I myself knew a boy whose face was licked by a dog that was going mad, and who died of hydrophobia.

1851, Samuel Hahnemann, R. E. Dudgeon, compiler and transl., “The Bite of Mad Dogs”, in The Lesser Writings of Samuel Hahnemann: Collected and Translated, London: W. Headland, […], →OCLC, page 198:

Hydrophobia may, without risk, be applied to the disease in mankind, and serve to distinguish it; but it would be most injudicious to retain it as a designation for the madness or rabies of the lower animals. […] "Hydrophobia" is not even a proper designation for the malady in him [man], inasmuch as authors have described a spontaneous hydrophobia in the human species, or certain symptoms resembling those of hydrophobia, which certainly were not the same as those produced by the bite of a rabid animal, neither was the presence of a transmissible virus proved to exist.

1872, George Fleming, “Introduction”, in Rabies and Hydrophobia: Their History, Nature, Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, pages 5–6:

The Christian philosophy nominally attributes all natural evils, including sickness and death, to sin. But it has lost the connecting link between the moral disorders and the physical disorders which afflict us. […] It cannot understand […] how there are cancers and plagues and hydrophobias of the soul, the secret causes of those horrible diseases in the body.

1875, William H[enry] Holcombe, “Why Did They Die?”, in Our Children in Heaven, new edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: J. B. Lippincott & Co., →OCLC, page 286:

A young man, 24 years of age, employed as a clerk in a dry goods store, was bitten on a Saturday morning bu a watchdog belonging to the proprietor. […] [H]e stated that he had been reading about rabies and the symptoms which would develop in man from the bite of a rabid dog, and insisted that he was developing hydrophobia as a result of having been bitten by the watchdog. […] Two days later the young man was in a very hysterical state and kept insisting that the dog that bit him was rabid. […] Here was a typical case of lyssophobia or pseudo-rabies, a figment of an overworked imagination, […]

1911 May 12, John R[obbins] Mohler, “Differential Diagnosis”, in Rabies or Hydrophobia (U.S. Department of Agriculture Farmers’ Bulletin; 449), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, pages 14–15:

Thus not only should be diluted and dynamised the "known" morbid agents (as for example Scabby of Sheeps,^([sic]) Tinea of animals, itch (psora) of man, the blood of the spleen of animals suffering from Anthrax, pus of syphilis, serum taken out of vesicles of Marochetti in hydrophobias, lympth^([sic]) of Anthrax and of plague even of the contagion of cholera) but also all sorts of products from secretions and excretions of men and of animals […]

1985, Marc Haffen, “History of Isopathy”, in O. A. Julian, translated by Rajkumar Mukherji, Julian’s Materia Medica of Nosodes with Repertory: […] Translated from the Original French, 2nd revised Indian edition, New Delhi: Published by Kuldeep Jain for B. Jain Publishers, published 2005, →ISBN, page 34:

(pathology) An aversion to water, as a symptom of rabies; the disease of rabies itself.


leukaemia

en-noun

leukaemia (countable and uncountable, plural leukaemias)

1979, Medical Association of South Africa, South African Medical Journal, Volume 55, Issues 1-14, page 9,
On the other hand, adult respiratory distress syndrome is a prominent complication in patients with acute leukaemia and to this must be added the whole spectrum of opportunistic infections.

1992, Charles L. Sawyers, The bcr-abl Gene in Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia, Owen N. Witte (editor), Cancer Surveys, Volume 15: Oncogenes in the Development of Leukaemia, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, page 37,
The molecular biologists′ vision that the cloning of the chromosomal translocations found in human leukaemias would lead to the identification of the genes that cause these leukaemias has become a reality with the demonstration that the fusion protein generated by the chromosomal translocation found in chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) can induce leukaemia in mice (Daley et al, 1990; Kelliher et al, 1990).

2009, M. C. G. Israëls, The Shortcomings of Animal Research in Leukæmia, Ciba Foundation Symposium, Leukaemia Research, page 28,
In transmitted mouse leukaemia the cells remain fixed in type, but tissue culture methods applied to human acute leukaemias show that these cells are not fixed in type.

2010, Sheryl Persson, Smallpox, Syphilis and Salvation: Medical Breakthroughs That Changed the World, Exisle Publishing, NSW, page 283,
There are different types of childhood leukaemia, which can be classified as acute or chronic. In children, about 98 per cent of leukaemias are acute.


realm

From Middle English rewme, realme, reaume, from Old French reaume, realme (“kingdom”), of unclear origins. A postulated *rēgālimen (“domain, kingdom”), Late Latin or Vulgar Latin cross of regimen with rēgālis is usually cited.
The modern pronunciation with /l/ is either a spelling pronunciation or influenced by the etymology.

(virology, taxonomy) A taxonomic rank in the phylogeny of viruses, higher than kingdoms.


terror

terror (countable and uncountable, plural terrors)

From late Middle English terrour, from Old French terreur f (“terror, fear, dread”), from Latin terror m (“fright, fear, terror”), from terrēre (“to frighten, terrify”), from Old Latin tr̥reō, from Proto-Italic *trozeō, from Proto-Indo-European *tre- (“to shake”), *tres- (“to tremble”).


pus

Pus was seeping out of the wound.

(medicine, pathology) A whitish-yellow or yellow substance composed primarily of dead white blood cells and dead pyogenic bacteria, normally found in regions of bacterial infection.


scab

en-noun

scab (countable and uncountable, plural scabs)

From Middle English scabb, scabbe (also as shabbe, schabbe > English shab), from Old English sċeabb and Old Norse skabb, both from Proto-Germanic *skabbaz (“scab, scabies”), from Proto-Indo-European *skabʰ- (“to cut, split, carve, shape”). Doublet of shab. Cognate with German Schabe (“scabies”), Danish skab (“scab, scabies”), Swedish skabb (“scab, scabies”), Latin scabies (“scab, itch, mange”). Related also to Old English scafan (“to scrape, shave”), Latin scabere (“to scratch”), English shabby.

der

(phytopathology) Any one of various more or less destructive fungal diseases that attack cultivated plants, forming dark-colored crustlike spots.


acne

en-noun

acne (usually uncountable, plural acnes)

From New Latin acnē, probably a corruption of Ancient Greek ἀκμή (akmḗ, “point, top”).

(pathology) A skin condition, usually of the face, that is common in adolescents. It is characterised by red pimples, and is caused by the inflammation of sebaceous glands through bacterial infection.


dyslexia

dyslexia (countable and uncountable, plural dyslexias)

From dys- + lexis + -ia. Via learned borrowing from New Latin dyslexia, produced from Latin dys- + lexis, -ia, a calque of German Dyslexie, coined by German ophthalmologist Rudolf Berlin in 1887, from Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-) expressing the idea of difficulty, and λέξις (léxis, “diction”, “word”), the root chosen due to apparent semantic conflation of Greek λέγω (légō, “to speak”) and Latin legō (“to read”). Cf. the root of lexicon, Medieval Latin lexicon, Byzantine Greek λεξικόν (lexikón, “dictionary”, literally “[book of] words”).

cog

(neurology, pathology) A learning disability characterized by reading and writing difficulties.


colic

en-noun

colic (countable and uncountable, plural colics)

colics (plural)
cholick (alternative)
cholic (alternative)

Borrowed from French colique. Ultimately derived from Ancient Greek κωλικός (kōlikós, “suffering in the colon”, adj).

der

Diſeaſed nature oftentimes breakes forth, / In ſtrange eruptions, oft the teeming earth / Is with a kind of collicke pincht and vext, / By the impriſoning of vnruly wind / Within her vvombe, vvhich for enlargement ſtriuing / Shakes the old Beldame earth, and topples down / Steeples and moſſegrovvn towers.

c. 1597 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The History of Henrie the Fourth; […], quarto edition, London: […] P[eter] S[hort] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1598, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i]:

(pathology) Severe pains that grip the abdomen or the disease that causes such pains (due to intestinal or bowel-related problems).


enteritis

en-noun

enteritis (countable and uncountable, plural enteritides or enteritises)

enteritides (plural)
enteritises (plural)

(pathology) Inflammation of the intestines, generally the small intestine, that may lead to diarrhea.


achondroplasia

achondroplasia (countable and uncountable, plural achondroplasias)

From a- (“not”) + chondro- (“cartilage”) + -plasia (“growth”).

affix

(teratology) A genetic disorder, the most common form of short limb dwarfism.


RP

en-noun

RP (countable and uncountable, plural RPs)

retinitis pigmentosa
retinitis pigmentosa#English

(pathology) Initialism of retinitis pigmentosa.


lesion

From Middle English lesioun, from Old French lesion, from Latin laesiō (“injury”), itself from laesus, perfect passive participle of laedō (“I injure, hurt”).

benadeling

injury or loss arising from an uneven contractual exchange


pathology

pathology (usually uncountable, plural pathologies)

/pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/

From French pathologie, from Ancient Greek πάθος (páthos, “disease”) and -λογία (-logía, “study of”).

Some sort of renal pathology was suspected, but imaging and even biopsy found no discernible pathology, glomerular or otherwise.

Some sort of mental and social pathology seemed to sweep over the discourse later that autumn.

Pathosis: any deviation from a healthy or normal structure or function; abnormality; illness or malformation.


beriberi

beriberi (usually uncountable, plural beriberis)

beriberis (plural)
beri-beri (alternative)

Possibly borrowed from Sinhalese phrase බැරි බැරි (bæri bæri, “I cannot, I cannot”) due to weakness.

(pathology) An ailment caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), leading to lethargy and organ complications.

բերի-բերի

pathology: ailment caused by deficiency of vitamin B


engorge

en-verb

engorge (third-person singular simple present engorges, present participle engorging, simple past and past participle engorged)

engorges (present singular third-person)
engorging (participle present)
engorged (participle past)
engorged (past)

From French engorger, from Old French engorgier. Archaic spellings from Webster’s dictionary 1913 include ingorge and ingorg, both now considered misspellings.

(pathology) To fill excessively with a body liquid, especially blood.


lysis

From Latin lysis, from Ancient Greek λύσις (lúsis, “a loosening”). Compare -lysis.

der

The older medicine used to speak of two ways, lysis and crisis, one gradual, the other abrupt, in which one might recover from a bodily disease.

1902, William James, “Lecture VIII: The Divided Self, and the Process of Its Unification”, in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […] , New York, N.Y.; London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 183:

(medicine, pathology) A gradual recovery from disease.

lisi

(medicine) gradual recovery from disease


canker

en-noun

canker (countable and uncountable, plural cankers)

From Middle English canker, cancre, from Old English cancer, akin to Dutch kanker, Old High German chanchar. Ultimately from Latin cancer (“a cancer”). Doublet of cancer, a later borrowing from Latin, and chancre, which came through French.

(phytopathology) A plant disease marked by gradual decay.


leonine

en-adj

leonine (comparative more leonine, superlative most leonine)

more leonine (comparative)
most leonine (superlative)

From Late Middle English leonin, leonine (“characteristic of a lion, lionlike”), from Old French leonin, and from its etymon Latin leōnīnus (“of or pertaining to a lion”), from leō (“lion”) (from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn, “lion”); further etymology uncertain) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’).

лъвски

of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion

leonine facies

The most terrible variety of this hideous evil is the leonine leprosy, so called because the head of the sufferer resembles that of a lion.

1874 September 15, “Catholic Heroism”, in The Illustrated Monitor: Organ of the Confraternity of the Sacred Christ and Agony of Our Lord, […], volume I, number 2, Dublin: Joseph Dollard, […], published 1875, →OCLC, page 22, column 1:

From syphilis, which is also a disease whose lesions are polymorphic in character, lepra can be distinguished by […] the characteristic leonine facies of its tubercular forms.

1883, James Nevins Hyde, “Neoplastic”, in A Practical Treatise on Diseases of the Skin, […], Philadelphia, Pa.: Henry C[harles] Lea’s Son & Co., →OCLC, class IX (Of the Skin with Involvement of Other Organs), page 431:

A careful examination showed that the man was suffering from leprosy in an advanced stage; his face had the leonine expression, and the husky voice doubtless indicated that the disease had invaded the larynx.

1890 November, “Leprosy in Louisiana—Necessity of Providing for Lepers”, in New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal, volume XVIII (New Series), number 5, New Orleans, La.: L. Graham & Son, […], →OCLC, page 396:

However, a head of Bes on an anthropomorphic clay vessel, dating from around 1300 bc, has been found in an Egyptian temple in Canaan, and it has been claimed that its leonine facies shows signs of advanced lepromatous leprosy.

2000, Elinor Lieber, “Old Testament ‘Leprosy’, Contagion and Sin”, in Lawrence I[rvin] Conrad, Dominik Wujastyk, editors, Contagion: Perspectives from Pre-modern Societies, Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing, published 2017, →ISBN, part III (Middle East and Europe), page 129:

Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion; lionlike.

(pathology) Of a facies (“a person's facial features”): resembling those of a lion as a result of some disease, especially a form of leprosy which causes leontiasis (“a medical condition characterized by an overgrowth of the cranial and facial bones”); also, of leprosy: causing a lionlike facies.

leijonamainen

of a facies: resembling those of a lion as a result of some disease; of leprosy: causing a lionlike facies


curl

From metathesis of Middle English crulle (“curled, curly”), from Middle Dutch crul, crulle (“curl”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kruzlǭ (“bent or crooked object, curl”), of unknown origin; possibly from Pre-Germanic *grus-, contracted from Proto-Indo-European *gurus- (“twist, curl”), same source as Persian گرس (gors, “braid of hair”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Krulle (“curl, lock”), West Frisian krul (“curl”), Dutch krul (“curl”), German Low German Krull (“curl”), dialectal German Krolle (“curl”), Danish krølle (“curl”), Norwegian krull (“curl”). Related also to Saterland Frisian Kruus (“curl”), German kraus (“frizzy, crumpled, curly”), Danish krus (“curl”), Swedish krusa (“to crimp, curl”). Compare also Gothic 𐌺𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (kriustan, “to grind, crush, gnash”).

unk

unknown

cog

These potatoes, however, planted the next year, have a fair yield, untouched by the curl.

1840, "Farmers' Department", The Family Magazine, volume 1, page 227:

(agriculture, phytopathology) Any of various diseases of plants causing the leaves or shoots to curl up; often specifically the potato curl.


dystrophic calcification

en-noun

dystrophic calcification (countable and uncountable, plural dystrophic calcifications)

(pathology) The mineralization of soft tissues occurring without a systemic mineral imbalance.


corona

corona (plural coronas or coronae or (obsolete) coronæ)

coronas (plural)
coronae (plural)
coronæ (obsolete plural)

→ Japanese: コロナ (korona)

The noun is borrowed from Latin corōna (“crown; garland, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “type of crown; curved object (door handle, tip of a bow, stern of a ship, etc.)”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). The English word is a doublet of crown, korona, koruna, krona, króna, and krone.
The plural form coronae is borrowed from Latin corōnae.
The verb is derived from the noun.

laki

upper or crownlike portion of certain parts of the body

kruunu

Coronaviruses are medium-sized, enveloped, ribonucleic acid viruses which, in negatively stained preparations, appear round and bear a corona of irregular, petal-shaped surface projections.

1972 October, Lawrence S. Sturman, Kenneth K. Takemoto, “Enhanced Growth of a Murine Coronavirus in Transformed Mouse Cells”, in Infection and Immunity, volume 6, number 4, Washington, D.C.: American Society for Microbiology, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-03-22, page 501, column 1:

(biology) Any appendage of an organism that resembles a crown or corona (sense 4.1).

(virology) A fringe of large, bulbous surface projections on coronaviruses, formed by viral spike peplomers, creating an appearance reminiscent of the solar corona.

korona

fringe of large, bulbous surface projects on coronaviruses

Jack had a moſt ſcandalous tongue, and perſuaded Peg that all mankind, beſides himſelf, were pox'd by that ſcarlet-faced whore, Signiora Bubonia. “As for his brother Lord Peter, the tokens were evident on him, blotches, ſcabs, and the corona.[…]”

[1750?], [John Arbuthnot], “[The History of John Bull.] Jack’s Charms, or the Method by which He Gained Peg’s Heart.”, in The History of John Bull. […], London: D[aniel] Midwinter and A. Tonson […], →OCLC, part II, page 60:

(pathology) A manifestation of secondary syphilis, consisting of papular lesions along the hairline, often bordering the scalp in the manner of a crown.


distemper

en-noun

distemper (countable and uncountable, plural distempers)

From Old French destemprer, from Latin distemperare.

(veterinary medicine, pathology) A viral disease of animals, such as dogs and cats, characterised by fever, coughing and catarrh.


gall

gall (countable and uncountable, plural galls)

From Middle English galle, from Old English gealla (“a fretted spot on the skin”), from Proto-West Germanic *gallō, from Proto-Germanic *gallô (“infirmity, swelling, lesion”).

inh

And remember perfectly well his revolving eyes and his awkwardness, / And remember putting plasters on the galls of his neck and ankles;

1892, Walt Whitman, “Song of Myself”, in Leaves of Grass […], Philadelphia, Pa.: David McKay, publisher, […], →OCLC:

(pathology, countable) A sore or open wound caused by chafing, which may become infected, as with a blister.


gall

From Middle English galle, from Old French galle, from Latin galla (“oak-apple”).

Even so, Redi retained a belief that in certain other cases—the origin of parasites inside the human or animal body or of grubs inside of oak galls—there must be spontaneous generation. Bit by bit the evidence grew against such views. In 1670 Jan Swammerdam, painstaking student of the insect’s life cycle, suggested that the grubs in galls were enclosed in them for the sake of nourishment and must come from insects that had inserted their semen or their eggs into the plants.

1974, Philip P. Wiener, editor, Dictionary of the History of Ideas:

(phytopathology) A blister or tumor-like growth found on the surface of plants, caused by various pathogens, especially the burrowing of insect larvae into the living tissues, such as that of the common oak gall wasp (Cynips quercusfolii).


gout

en-noun

gout (countable and uncountable, plural gouts)

→ Thai: เกาต์ (gáo)

From Middle English goute, from Old French gote, gute, from Latin gutta (“drop”). Compare Spanish gota (“drop, droplet”). Doublet of goutte, gutta, and gutter.
The sense shift derived from humorism and "the notion of the 'dropping' of a morbid material from the blood in and around the joints".

Once gout was confined largely to Western civilization (with some outliers, like the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan); now its ravages are global.

2020 November 13, Ligaya Mishan, “Once the Disease of Gluttonous Aristocrats, Gout Is Now Tormenting the Masses”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(uncountable, pathology) An extremely painful inflammation of joints, especially of the big toe, caused by a metabolic defect resulting in the accumulation of uric acid in the blood and the deposition of urates around the joints.


grippe

grippe (countable and uncountable, plural grippes)

Borrowed from French grippe, from gripper (“to seize, snatch”), from Frankish *grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreyb- (“to grab, to grasp”). Borrowed from French into many languages of the world. More at gripe.

der

These other germs are the cause of colds and coughs and grippes.

1885, Public Health, Michigan, volume 2, page 39:

"Mid-Lent, and the Enemy grins," remarked Selwyn as he started for church with Nina and the children. Austin, knee-deep in a dozen Sunday supplements, refused to stir; poor little Eileen was now convalescent from grippe, but still unsteady on her legs; her maid had taken the grippe, and now moaned all day: "Mon dieu! Mon dieu! Che fais mourir!"

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter IV, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:


myopia

en-noun

myopia (countable and uncountable, plural myopias)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek μυωπία (muōpía, “shortsightedness”), from μύω (múō, “to shut, close”) + ὤψ (ṓps, “eye”) + -ία (-ía).

af

Coordinate term: presbyopia

The modern rise in myopia mirrored a trend for children in many countries to spend more time engaged in reading, studying or — more recently — glued to computer and smartphone screens.

2015 March 15, Elie Dolgin, “The myopia boom”, in Nature:

(pathology) A disorder of the vision where distant objects appear blurred because the eye focuses their images in front of the retina instead of on it.


pica

en-noun

pica (countable and uncountable, plural picas)

Borrowed from Latin pīca (“jay; magpie”). Doublet of pie (“magpie”).
* (pathology): From the idea that magpies will eat almost anything.

bor+

The three most common nonfood picas were eating of strings and rags; feces, vomit, and urine; and paper, cigarettes, and soil.

1986, George S Baroff, Mental retardation: nature, cause, and management:

(pathology, usually uncountable) A disorder characterized by appetite and craving for non-edible substances, such as chalk, clay, dirt, ice, or sand.


sib

en-verb

sib (third-person singular simple present sibs, present participle sibbing, simple past and past participle sibbed)

sibs (present singular third-person)
sibbing (participle present)
sibbed (participle past)
sibbed (past)

From the abbreviation SIB, or self-injurious behavior, a behavior found in autism.

(intransitive, clinical psychology) To engage in repetitive behaviors such as eye-poking, skin-picking, hand-biting, or head-banging.


stasis

en-noun

stasis (usually uncountable, plural stases)

From New Latin stasis, from Ancient Greek στάσις (stásis). See the doublet stead.

(pathology) A slackening or arrest of the blood current, due not to a lessening of the heart’s beat, but to some abnormal resistance of the capillary walls.


uremia

uremia (countable and uncountable, plural uremias)

uremias (plural)
uraemia (alternative)
uræmia (alternative)

From Ancient Greek οὖρον (oûron, “urine”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”).

(pathology) Blood poisoning resulting from the retention of waste products usually excreted as urine.

urèmia

blood poisoning due to retention of waste products


bleb

Possibly onomatopoeic, similarly to blob and blubber.

2008, Lin Her-Shyuan Lin, Adam C, Reynolds, 180: Filtering Blebs and Associated Problems, Frederick Hampton Roy, Frederick W. Fraunfelder, Frederick T. Fraunfelder (editors), Roy and Fraunfelder's Current Ocular Therapy, 6th Edition, page 340,
Inflammation and scarring is a shared mechanism for chemical irritants, cryotherapy, laser thermotherapy, and autologous blood injection in the treatment of bleb dysesthesia, overfiltering blebs, and bleb leaks.

2009, Anthony Wells, Tina Wong, Jonathan G. Crowston, 79: Tenon's Cyst Formation, Wound Healing, and Bleb Evaluation: Part A: Tenon's Cyst Formation and Management, Tarek M. Shaawary, Mark B. Sherwood, Roger A. Hitchings, Jonathan G. Drowston (editors), Glaucoma, Volume 2: Surgical Management, page 236,
If the leak allows bulk flow of aqueous, the rest of the bleb can collapse, allowing apposition of the inflamed inner bleb walls, which are likely to adhere. If such adherence is over most or all of the bleb area, bleb failure is probably inevitable.

Use of intraoperative antimetabolites is a risk factor for the development of a bleb leak.
The mechanism of a bleb leak is thought to be as follows. Ischemic blebs are stretched and surrounded by heavily scarred tissue, which limits the ability of the aqueous to flow beyond the scarred tissue. The bleb expands locally, producing a tractional hole when the tissue overreaches its maximal stretch.

2012, Gabriel Chong, Francisco Fantes, Paul F. Palmberg, “28: Late Complications of Glaucoma Surgery”, in Douglas J. Rhee, editor, Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Ophthalmology, page 419:

(pathology) A large vesicle or bulla, usually containing a serous fluid.


fixation

fixation (countable and uncountable, plural fixations)

From Old French fixation. By surface analysis, fix + -ation.

fixació

a state of mind involving obsession with a particular person, idea or thing

(cytology, histology, pathology) preservation of biological tissues from decay due to autolysis or putrefaction.


incubation

incubation (countable and uncountable, plural incubations)

From Latin incubātiō, from incubō (“to lie on”).

1829, A Practical Synopsis of Cutaneous Diseases
The course of small-pox, whether distinct or confluent, may be divided into five stages, which are known under the names of incubation, invasion, eruption, suppuration, and desiccation. This division, founded on the most prominent symptoms that the disease presents, although it is an arbitrary one, still affords a facility in the study. The period of incubation comprises the interval of time that elapses from the infection to the beginning of the attack; its duration is from six to twenty days. It is not designated by any visible symptom, as the individual apparently continues in good health.

(pathology) The development of a disease from its causes, or the period of such development.

itäminen

development of a disease from its causes, or its period of incubation


infest

en-verb

infest (third-person singular simple present infests, present participle infesting, simple past and past participle infested)

infests (present singular third-person)
infesting (participle present)
infested (participle past)
infested (past)

From Middle English infesten, from Old French infester (“to infest”), from Latin īnfestō (“assail, molest”, verb), from īnfestus (“hostile”).

(pathology, of a parasite) To invade a host plant or animal.


inflammation

en-noun

inflammation (countable and uncountable, plural inflammations)

From Middle French inflammation, from Latin īnflammātiō.

(pathology) A condition of any part of the body, consisting of congestion of the blood vessels, with obstruction of the blood current, and growth of morbid tissue. It is manifested outwardly by redness and swelling, attended with heat and pain.


plaque

plaque (countable and uncountable, plural plaques)

Unadapted borrowing from French plaque (“plate, sheet (of metal); slab (of marble); bacteria on teeth”), from French plaquer, Middle French plaquer (“to plate”), from Middle Dutch placken (“to patch, beat metal into a thin plate”), from placke (“disk, patch, stain”), from Old Dutch *plagga (“patch”), from Proto-Germanic *plaggą (“patch”).
The word is cognate with Middle Low German placke, plagge (“small stain, scraps, rags, thin grass”), German Placken (“spot, patch”), Saterland Frisian plak, plakke (“a blow, slap”), Swedish plagg (“clothing, garment”). Compare plack.

plakki

(countable, pathology) A broad patch of abnormal tissue distinguishable from surrounding tissue, especially a broad papule (“inflamed, irritated patch”) on the skin.

läiskä

broad patch of abnormal tissue distinguishable from surrounding tissue, especially a broad papule on the skin

As we age, the major arteries of our bodies frequently become thickened with plaque, a fatty material with an oatmeal-like consistency that builds up along the inner lining of blood vessels. The reason plaque forms isn't entirely known, but it seems to be related to high levels of cholesterol inducing an inflammatory response, which can also attract and trap more cellular debris over time.

2013 July–August, Stephen P. Lownie, David M. Pelz, “Stents to Prevent Stroke: These Devices can Spring into Shape Automatically to Open Arteries Blocked with Plaque”, in American Scientist, New Haven, Conn.: Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-05-29:

(countable, uncountable, pathology) An abnormal accumulation of material in or on an organ of the body, often associated with disease.

(countable, uncountable, pathology) An accumulation in artery walls made up of macrophage cells and debris containing lipids, (cholesterol and fatty acids), calcium, and connective tissue; an atheroma.

(uncountable, dentistry) An accumulation of biofilm, or bacteria, on teeth, which may develop into dental calculus (tartar).

пла̀ка

(countable, medicine) A deposit of beta-amyloid protein occurring in a nerve cell and associated with Alzheimer's disease.

amyloid plaque

apleural plaque

asenile plaque


rosette

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *wardahder.?
Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon)bor.?
Latin rosalbor.
Old French rose
Latin -ittus
Old French -ete
Old French rosete
Middle French rosettebor.
Middle French rosette
French rosetteinflu.
English rosette
Borrowed from Middle French rosette (in sense 15) and (modern) French rosette.


splay

en-verb

splay (third-person singular simple present splays, present participle splaying, simple past and past participle splayed)

splays (present singular third-person)
splaying (participle present)
splayed (participle past)
splayed (past)

PIE word
 *dwís
The verb is derived from Middle English splaien, splayen (“to display; to spread out, unfurl (a flag, etc.); (cooking) to cut open (a fish) lengthwise and lay it open; (figurative) to appear; to spread”), an aphetic form of Middle English displaien, displayen (“to display”): see display.
The adjective and adverb are derived from the verb, or from splayfoot (noun) or splayfooted (adjective). The noun is derived from the verb.

(pathology) To dislocate (a body part such as a shoulder bone).


sunflower

From sun + flower. Compare English sunbloom.


moderate

en-adj

moderate (comparative more moderate, superlative most moderate)

more moderate (comparative)
most moderate (superlative)

From Middle English moderat, from Latin moderātus, perfect active participle of moderor (“regulate, restrain, moderate”), from moder-, modes-, a stem appearing also in modestus (“moderate, discreet, modest”), from modus (“measure”); see mode and modest. Doublet of moderato. Displaced native Old English ġemetlīċ (“moderate”) and metegian (“to moderate”).

(pathology) more than mild, less than severe


amnesia

en-noun

amnesia (countable and uncountable, plural amnesias or amnesiæ)

From modified Latin amnesia, from Ancient Greek ἀμνησία (amnēsía, “forgetfulness”), a noun derivation from μιμνήσκω (mimnḗskō, “to remind, to remember”) prefixed with the alpha privative.

der

I lay around my Barnard dorm room listening to Nina Simone records and reading his first novel, “Forgetting Elena,” which takes place in a highly mythopoeticized version of Fire Island and nominally concerns a man with amnesia.

2009 October 4, Stacey D’Erasmo, “Glory Days”, in The New York Times:

(pathology) Loss of memory; forgetfulness.


viral

viral DNA

(virology) Of or relating to a biological virus.

viral infection


conjunctivitis

en-noun

conjunctivitis (countable and uncountable, plural conjunctivitides or conjunctivitises or conjunctivites)

conjunctivitides (plural)
conjunctivitises (plural)
conjunctivites (plural)

(pathology) An inflammation of the conjunctiva, often due to infection.


desmoid

en-adj

desmoid (comparative more desmoid, superlative most desmoid)

more desmoid (comparative)
most desmoid (superlative)

From Ancient Greek δεσμός (desmós, “chain, bundle”) + -oid.

der

(pathology) Fibrous; having closely interwoven fibres in bundles.


pathogenic

en-adj

pathogenic (comparative more pathogenic, superlative most pathogenic)

more pathogenic (comparative)
most pathogenic (superlative)

While the environment is teeming with bacteria and fungi, most are not pathogenic.

(pathology) Able to cause (harmful) disease.