campylobacteriosis

campylobacteriosis (countable and uncountable, plural campylobacterioses)

(pathology) An infection by the bacteria campylobacter.


arthrogryposis

en-noun

arthrogryposis (countable and uncountable, plural arthrogryposes)

(countable, teratology) The permanent fixation of a joint in a contracted position.

artrogriposi

the permanent fixation of a joint in a contracted position

(uncountable, teratology) A congenital disorder in which the joints are so fixed because of lack of muscle development.


struma

struma (countable and uncountable, plural strumas or strumae)

This was the healing ritual for the King's Evil, the name given to scrofula or struma, the tubercular inflammation of the lymph glands of the neck.

1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 186:

(pathology) A scrofulous swelling; a tumour or goitre.


luxate

en-verb

luxate (third-person singular simple present luxates, present participle luxating, simple past and past participle luxated)

luxates (present singular third-person)
luxating (participle present)
luxated (participle past)
luxated (past)

From Latin luxātus (“dislocated”) perfect passive participle of lū̆xō (“to dislocate”), see -ate (verb-forming suffix) for more.

If in cases of difficulty you have recourse to this means, luxate downwards as far as half the dorsopalmar diameter, and then vice versa.

1863, Stephen Smith, Hand-book of Surgical Operations, page 97:


nummular

en-adj

nummular (comparative more nummular, superlative most nummular)

more nummular (comparative)
most nummular (superlative)

From Latin nummulus (“(small amount of) money”) + English -ar (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘of, pertaining to, or near’). Nummulus is the diminutive of nummus (“a coin; piece of money”) + -ulus (diminutive suffix); while nummus is from Doric Greek νοῦμμος (noûmmos), from Ancient Greek νόμος (nómos, “kind of coin”), from νέμω (némō, “to deal out, dispense, distribute”) (from Proto-Indo-European *nem- (“to distribute; to give; to take”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming nouns).

硬幣形的 /硬币形的

flattened with a rounded form; coin-shaped

(by extension) Flattened with a rounded form, as a disc; coin-shaped.

(pathology) Characterized by lesions (especially on the cornea or skin) which are round with well-defined borders.

nummulaire

characterized by lesions which are round with well-defined borders

NUMMULAR […] An epithet applied to the sputa in phthisis, when they flatten at the bottom of the vessel, like a piece of money.

[1839, Robley Dunglison, “NUMMULAR”, in Medical Lexicon. A New Dictionary of Medical Science, […], 2nd edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea and Blanchard, successors to Carey and Co., →OCLC, page 421, column 2:

(pathology, obsolete) Of sputum: forming flat, round shapes (formerly thought to be a symptom of tuberculosis).


auxetic

en-adj

auxetic (comparative more auxetic, superlative most auxetic)

more auxetic (comparative)
most auxetic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek αὐξητικός (auxētikós, “growing, promoting growth, productive”).


virogenesis

en-noun

virogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural virogeneses)

(virology) The production or formation of a virus


atopic dermatitis

atopic dermatitis (usually uncountable, plural atopic dermatitides)

(pathology) An atopic, hereditary, and non-contagious skin disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the skin.


duodenal ulcer

(pathology) A peptic ulcer located in the duodenum.

十二指腸潰瘍

じゅうにしちょうかいよう


gastric ulcer

(pathology) A peptic ulcer located in the stomach.


esophageal ulcer

esophageal ulcer (plural esophageal ulcers)

(pathology) A peptic ulcer located at esophagus.


nonunion

nonunion (countable and uncountable, plural nonunions)

the nonunion of the distal part of the humerus

(countable, pathology) The failure of a broken bone to heal


macropsia

macropsia (countable and uncountable, plural macropsias)

(pathology) A disorder in which objects appear much larger than normal, most often the result of a neurological dysfunction.


exophytic

(pathology) In pathology, pertaining to growth of a tumor outward.


hyperconnectivity

hyperconnectivity (countable and uncountable, plural hyperconnectivities)

(pathology) The state of the brain, in schizophrenia or epileptic seizure, in which an excessive number of connections are made between neurons.


alkoholism

Borrowed from German Alkoholismus, Polish alkoholizm, or Russian алкоголизм (alkogolizm).

Yes, it is called alkoholism.

1997 June 19, Klaus Günther Beck, “KZ-DEATH: PCHYSOMATIC DISEASE (NOT GAS)”, in alt.revisionism (Usenet), retrieved 2022-05-22:

What do you think about lonely drinking. Is it a sign of alkoholism ?

1998 February 25, Elzbieta Maslak, “Lonely drinking”, in rec.food.drink (Usenet), retrieved 2022-05-22:

Diagnosis are said to be meningitis/alkoholism/syphilis/eardamage-from-fall-in-prison

1998 March 5, Bo Warming, “Moral Relativism: kz-Wilde and sado-masochism”, in alt.revisionism (Usenet), retrieved 2022-05-22:

You're surely must know that americans mostly quiting smoking for now. And alkoholism is russian national problem.

1999 June 27, Micke Ionas, “American vs Russian”, in fido7.ru.talk.english (Usenet), retrieved 2022-05-22:

(non-native speakers' English) Misspelling of alcoholism.


umbilical hernia

umbilical hernia (plural umbilical hernias)

(pathology) A hernia at the site of the umbilicus (navel).


blister blight

(phytopathology) An infection of tea plants, caused by the fungus Exobasidium vexans, characterized by blister-like lesions on the leaves.

(phytopathology) A similar disease of some pines caused by Cronartium asclepiadeum.


esophageal cancer

esophageal cancer (plural esophageal cancers)

esophageal cancers (plural)
oesophageal cancer (alternative)

(pathology, US) (oncology) A malignancy in the esophagus.


Barrett's esophagus

Named after the Australian-born British thoracic surgeon Norman Barrett (1903–1979), who described it in 1950.

(US, pathology) An abnormal change (metaplasia) in the cells of the lower end of the esophagus thought to be caused by damage from chronic acid exposure, or reflux esophagitis.


gastroesophageal reflux

gastro-esophageal reflux (alternative)
gastro-œsophageal reflux (alternative)
gastro-oesophageal reflux (alternative)
gastrooesophageal reflux (alternative)
gastroœsophageal reflux (alternative)
GER (alternative)
GOR (alternative)
GŒR (alternative)
GOER (alternative)

gastroesophageal reflux disease
gastroesophageal reflux disease#English

(pathology) Ellipsis of gastroesophageal reflux disease.: chronic symptoms or mucosal damage produced by the abnormal reflux in the esophagus.


hallucinosis

hallucinosis (countable and uncountable, plural hallucinoses)

(pathology) A mental state of hallucination.


plagiocephaly

plagiocephaly (countable and uncountable, plural plagiocephalies)

(pathology) A congenital condition where the skull suffers an oblique malformation.


parotitis

parotitis (countable and uncountable, plural parotitides)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek παρωτῖτις (parōtîtis, “(disease of the) parotid gland”), from παρωτίς (parōtís, “gland behind the ear”). By surface analysis, parot(id) + -itis.

lbor

I except the mumps, or parotitis, described below; which is properly an external gland, as its excretory duct opens into the air.

1794, Erasmus Darwin, Zoonomia; or the Laws of Organic Life:

Test Purpose 1) to diagnose acute pancreatitis, acute relapse of chronic pancreatitis, 2) to distinguish between acute pancreatitis and other causes of abdominal pain requiring immediate surgery, 3) to evaluate possible pancreatic injury caused by abdominal trauma or surgery, 4) to help in the diagnosis of epidemic and alcoholic parotitides.

2012, Vincent Marks, Differential Diagnosis by Laboratory Medicine:

(pathology) Inflammation of one or both parotid glands.

параты́т

inflammation of one or both parotid glands


hypokinesia

(pathology) Slowed or diminished movement of the body.


lipoma

(pathology) A nonmalignant tumor comprising fat cells.


Ewing's sarcoma

en-noun

Ewing's sarcoma (plural Ewing's sarcomas)

Ewing's sarcomas (plural)
Ewing sarcoma (alternative)

First described by James Ewing (1866–1943), American pathologist.

small-round-blue-cell tumor
small-round-blue-cell tumor

(pathology, oncology) A malignant small-round-blue-cell tumor that forms in bone or soft tissue.


osteomyelitis

osteomyelitis (usually uncountable, plural osteomyelitides or osteomyelites or osteomyelitises)

osteomyelitides (plural)
osteomyelites (plural)
osteomyelitises (plural)


synovitis

synovitis (countable and uncountable, plural synovitides)

(pathology) Inflammation of the synovium.


spondylolysis

pars interarticularis
pars interarticularis

(pathology) A defect or stress fracture of the pars interarticularis of the vertebral arch.


phantom pain

phantom pain (countable and uncountable, plural phantom pains)

(medicine, pathology) A sensation of pain coming from a part of the body that has been amputated, or in which the nerves have been destroyed.


NAIT

Abbreviation of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.

abbrev

(pathology) An abnormally low number of platelets in a newborn's blood, due to the mother's antibodies having been passed via the placenta and attacking the child's own platelets.


alloimmune

an alloimmune disorder

(pathology) Characterized by alloimmunity, which is immunity, obtained from a tissue graft from another person, against one's own cells.

isoimmune

same; in which the iso- prefix for refers to the same species (but another individual thereof)


NAITP

(pathology) Initialism of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: an abnormally low number of platelets in a newborn's blood, due to the mother's antibodies having been passed via the placenta and attacking the newborn's own platelets.


FMAITP

Abbreviation of feto-maternal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.

(pathology) A deficiency in the number of platelets in a fetus' blood, due to the mother's antibodies having been passed via the placenta and attacking the fetus' own platelets.


FMAIT

(pathology) The presence of an abnormally small number of platelets in a fetus' blood, due to the mother's antibodies having been passed via the placenta and attacking the platelets.


AIT

en-noun

AIT (countable and uncountable, plural AITs)

(pathology) Initialism of alloimmune thrombocytopenia: a too-low number of platelets in the blood, especially of a newborn or fetus, due to alloimmunity.


cholangiocarcinoma

cholangiocarcinoma (plural cholangiocarcinomas or cholangiocarcinomata)

cholangiocarcinomas (plural)
cholangiocarcinomata (plural)

Cholangiocarcinoma develops at a significantly younger age (between the ages of 30 and 50) in patients with PSC than in patients without PSC.

2007, Bruce A. Chabner, Thomas J. Lynch Jr., Dan L. Longo, Harrison's Manual of Oncology, McGraw Hill Professional, page 418:

2013, J. R. Bhardwaj (editor), Boyd's Textbook of Pathology, Volume 2: Systemic Pathology, 10th Edition, Wolter Kluwer Health, page 1043,
Cholangiocarcinomata arise from the bile ducts. The intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomata are considered here.

Cholangiocarcinoma (cholangiocellular carcinoma) is a primary malignant tumor arising from the bile duct and can be divided into intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas are further classified as either hilar or distal bile duct cholangiocarcinomas. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or peripheral cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary liver cancer following hepatocellular carcinoma. However, it represents only 10% of all cholangiocarcinomas.

2014, Joon-Il Choi, Byung Ihn Choi, “5: Other Malignant Tumors of the Liver”, in Byung Ihn Choi, editor, Radiology Illustrated: Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Radiology, Springer, page 171:

(pathology) Cancer of the bile ducts (e.g., common bile duct, cholangioles).


carcinogenesis

carcinogenesis (countable and uncountable, plural carcinogeneses)

Whether they are involved in carcinogenesis by induction of a heritable lesion would depend, I believe, on their ability either to mispair or to misrepair.

1982, Yutaka Kawazoe, “Molecular Mechanism of Chemical Modification of Cellular Nucleic Acid Bases by 4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide”, in Carcinogenic and Mutagenic N-substituted Aryl Compounds, page 185:

(oncology) The creation of cancer cells.


rhabdomyosarcoma

rhabdomyosarcoma (plural rhabdomyosarcomas or rhabdomyosarcomata)

rhabdomyosarcomas (plural)
rhabdomyosarcomata (plural)

Some of these cases might be referred to the sarcomata and some to carcinomata, but that is impossible unless they could be rexëamined by a reliable pathologist, as was done by Eve, who examined a so-called medullary tumor from the kidney of an infant, which had been deposited in the museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, London, in Hunter's time, and discovered that it belonged to that rare group of tumors which have been variously designated as rhabdomyosarcoma or as myosarcoma striocellulare.

1887 July 5, H. Longstreet Taylor, “Primary malignant degeneration of the kidney in infancy”, in The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, page 469:

Rhabdomyosarcoma, the most common primary malignant orbital tumor of childhood, has been classified histologically as embryonal, differentiated, or alveolar.

1967, Arnold J. Kroll, “Fine-structural classification of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma”, in Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, volume 6, number 5, pages 531–543.:

(pathology) A cancerous tumor of skeletal muscle.


rhabdomyoma

rhabdomyoma (plural rhabdomyomas or rhabdomyomata)

rhabdomyomas (plural)
rhabdomyomata (plural)

(pathology) A non-cancerous tumor of skeletal muscle.


leiomyosarcoma

leiomyosarcoma (plural leiomyosarcomas or leiomyosarcomata)

leiomyosarcomas (plural)
leiomyosarcomata (plural)

(pathology) A cancerous tumor of smooth muscle.


leiomyoma

leiomyoma (plural leiomyomas or leiomyomata)

leiomyomas (plural)
leiomyomata (plural)

(pathology) A non-cancerous tumor of smooth muscle


lentiviral

(virology) Of or relating to a lentivirus


adenocarcinoma

adenocarcinoma (plural adenocarcinomas or adenocarcinomata)

adenocarcinomas (plural)
adenocarcinomata (plural)

(oncology) Any of several forms of carcinoma that originate in glandular tissue.

adenokarcinom

any of several forms of carcinoma that originate in glandular tissue


pericarditis

pericarditis (countable and uncountable, plural pericarditides or pericardites)

pericarditides (plural)
pericardites (plural)

(cardiology, pathology) Inflammation of the pericardium, the membrane that surrounds the heart.

اِلْتِهَاب التَّأْمُور

inflammation of the pericardium, the membrane that surrounds the heart


tenosynovitis

tenosynovitis (countable and uncountable, plural tenosynovitides or tenosynovites)

tenosynovitides (plural)
tenosynovites (plural)
tendosynovitis (alternative)

From tenosynovium + -itis or teno- + synovitis.

(pathology) An inflammation of the fluid-filled sheath (the synovium) that surrounds a tendon.


tendovaginitis

tendovaginitis (usually uncountable, plural tendovaginitides)

(pathology, dated) Synonym of tenosynovitis


acidotic

en-adj

acidotic (comparative more acidotic, superlative most acidotic)

more acidotic (comparative)
most acidotic (superlative)

Acidotic animals go off their feed, pant and salivate excessively, paw and scratch their bellies, and eat dirt.

2006, Michael Pollan, The Omnivore's Dilemma, The Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 78:

(pathology) Having depressed alkalinity of blood or tissue.

acidotisch

having depressed alkalinity of blood or tissue


phytopathology

The study of plant diseases; plant pathology


phytopathological

phytopathological (comparative more phytopathological, superlative most phytopathological)

more phytopathological (comparative)
most phytopathological (superlative)


phytopathologist

A scientist who specializes in phytopathology; a plant pathologist


DT

en-noun

DT (countable and uncountable, plural DTs)

DTs (plural)
DT. (alternative)
Dt. (alternative)
Dt (alternative)
D/T (alternative)

She knew, because she had held him, that he suffered DT's. Behind the initials was a metaphor, a delirium tremens, a trembling unfurrowing of the mind's ploughshare.

1966 March, Thomas Pynchon, chapter 5, in The Crying of Lot 49, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, published November 1976, →ISBN, page 95:

delirium tremens
delirium tremens#English

(pathology) Initialism of delirium tremens.


glossitis

(pathology) An inflammatory condition of the tongue.


ankylose

en-verb

ankylose (third-person singular simple present ankyloses, present participle ankylosing, simple past and past participle ankylosed)

ankyloses (present singular third-person)
ankylosing (participle present)
ankylosed (participle past)
ankylosed (past)
anchylose (alternative)

Back-formation from ankylosis; compare diagnose.

(transitive, pathology) To cause bony structures to fuse or stiffen as a result of ankylosis.

anquilosar

to cause bony structures to fuse or stiffen as a result of ankylosis

(intransitive, pathology) To suffer from ankylosis.


granulomatous

en-adj

granulomatous (comparative more granulomatous, superlative most granulomatous)

more granulomatous (comparative)
most granulomatous (superlative)

(pathology) Of, pertaining to, or characterised by granulomata

granulomatózní

of, pertaining to, or characterized by granulomata


LS

lateral sclerosis
lateral sclerosis#English

(pathology) Initialism of lateral sclerosis.


psychotomimesis

(pathology) The onset of psychotic symptoms following the administration of a drug.


Norwalk

(For noun) Named after Norwalk, Ohio, where an outbreak of gastroenteritis in 1968 led to the isolation of the virus.

(medicine, virology) Designating a calicivirus affecting humans, characterized by severe vomiting and diarrhea.


acrocyanosis

en-noun

acrocyanosis (countable and uncountable, plural acrocyanoses)

(pathology) A persistent blue or cyanotic discoloration of the digits, most commonly occurring in the hands although also occurring in the face and feet as well.


proctocolitis

(pathology) The inflammation of the rectum and colon.


sarcoid

(medicine, pathology) Relating to sarcoid (sarcoidosis).

(medicine, pathology, dated) Resembling sarcoma.


cryoanesthesia

(pathology) Insensibility resulting from cold.


syngnathia

(pathology) A congenital adhesion of the maxilla and mandible by fibrous bands.


cytomegalovirus

From the genus name Cytomegalovirus, equivalent to cyto- + megalo- + virus.

The peak period for the development of acute graft-versus-host disease overlaps with the time during which cytomegalovirus infection occurs.

1983, Karl G. Blume, Lawrence D. Petz, editors, Clinical Bone Marrow Transplantation, Churchill Livingstone, page 75:

Prophylactic virostatic treatment with aciclovir did not prevent cytomegalovirus infection in an immune suppressed patient.

1989, Klaus Heimann, P. Wiedemann, editors, Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy, Kaden Verlag, page 322:

Additional study is necessary to elucidate the contribution, if any, of cytomegalovirus to the development of this syndrome and to determine optimum therapy.

1994, AHFS Drug Information, American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, page 412:

(virology) Any of several herpes viruses, of the genus Cytomegalovirus, that infect the salivary glands of certain primates, including humans.


ischemic

en-adj

ischemic (comparative more ischemic, superlative most ischemic)

more ischemic (comparative)
most ischemic (superlative)
ischaemic (alternative)
ischæmic (alternative)

Dr. Salazar was a fast talker, devoid of personality. Lolly's vitals had stabilised, she said. Her stroke was ischemic, caused by a clot rather than a rupture. She'd come in exhibiting classic symptoms: weakness on her left side, double vision, aphasia.
"What's aphasia?" I said.
"A disconnect between what the patient's trying to say and what's being communicated. For instance, Louella thinks to herself, I'm thirsty. I want more ice chips. But when she verbalises it, it comes out as gibberish."

2008, Wally Lamb, The Hour I First Believed, Ch.3, at p.59

(pathology) Characteristic of, or accompanied by, ischemia — localised anaemia due to mechanical obstruction of the blood supply, creating a local disturbance in blood circulation.

isquèmic

characteristic of, or accompanied by ischemia


anergy

en-noun

anergy (countable and uncountable, plural anergies)

From New Latin anergia, from Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-, “not, without”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”).


atrial fibrillation

atrial fibrillation (plural atrial fibrillations)

(pathology) A cardiac arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm) that involves the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart.


spurious infection

spurious infection (countable and uncountable, plural spurious infections)

(parasitology) A case in which parasites invade a host but do not succeed in colonizing it, for example merely passing through the digestive tract.


PTB

Under the circumstances above narrated, we find that claimant's illness of PTB, which flared up or has activated as a result of the nature and condition of his work, is compensable under the law.

1968 January 1 [1964 July 30], [Felix] Bautista Angelo, quoting Workmen's Compensation Commission, “Peter Paul (Philippines) Corporation vs. Workmen's Compensation Commission, et al.”, in Official Gazette, volume 64, number 1, page 22:

Furthermore, a recent study [...] of BCG [Bacille Calmette Guérin vaccine] efficacy in children under 7 years of age who had lived in close contact with undiagnosed cases of PTB showed a protection rate of 70% against the disease within a 6 months follow-up period.

2001, Tsigeweini Asgedom Tessema, Improving Case-finding inTuberculosis Control by Antigen Detection, Clinical Scoring and Serology, University of Bergen, →ISBN, page 18:

We will perform subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis based on [...] different types of PTBs[.]

2024 June 5, Guocan Yu, Xudong Xu, Yanqin Shen, Bifei Fang, “Diagnostic accuracy of nanopore sequencing for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis”, in PLOS ONE, volume 19, number 6, →DOI, →ISSN, page 5:

pulmonary tuberculosis
pulmonary tuberculosis#English

(pathology) Initialism of pulmonary tuberculosis.


myringomycosis

(pathology) A fungal infection of the eardrum (the tympanic membrane).


prostatitis

prostatitis (countable and uncountable, plural prostatitides or prostatites)

prostatitides (plural)
prostatites (plural)

(pathology) Inflammation of the prostate.


hyperferremia

(pathology) The medical condition of having too much iron in the blood.


MMA

MMA (countable and uncountable, plural MMAs)

mammalian meat allergy
mammalian meat allergy#English

(pathology) Initialism of mammalian meat allergy.


aphthous ulcer

(pathology) An ulcer in the mouth, caused by a break in the mucous membrane.

قُرْحَة فَمَوِيَّة

ulcer in the mouth caused by break in mucous membrane


aphthous stomatitis

(pathology) The condition of having aphthous ulcers.


scleralization

(pathology, optometry) An opacity of the cornea that progresses inwards from the periphery of the cornea towards its center.


cytopathy

(microbiology, pathology) The disease or deterioration of a cell, or of the structures contained within a cell.


ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency

ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (uncountable)

(pathology) A rare genetic metabolic disorder of the urea cycle. Abbreviated as OTC.


post-nasal drip

post-nasal drip (countable and uncountable, plural post-nasal drips)

post-nasal drips (plural)
postnasal drip (alternative)

(medicine, otolaryngology, pathology) The accumulation in the throat or back of the nose of excessive mucus produced by the sinuses.


livor

livor (countable and uncountable, plural livors)

(pathology) Skin discoloration, as from a bruise, or occurring after death.


entry wound

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-entry wound.wav

(pathology, forensics) A wound caused by a bullet or other object as it enters the body, as contrasted with exit wound.


insulinopenic

(pathology) Relating to a form of diabetes mellitus that results from an inadequate secretion of insulin


chorionic villus sampling

chorionic villus sampling (countable and uncountable, plural chorionic villus samplings)

(obstetrics, pathology) A form or prenatal diagnosis in which part of the placental tissue is tested for genetic abnormalities.


demyelinate

en-verb

demyelinate (third-person singular simple present demyelinates, present participle demyelinating, simple past and past participle demyelinated)

demyelinates (present singular third-person)
demyelinating (participle present)
demyelinated (participle past)
demyelinated (past)

From de- + myelin + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

af

(pathology) To remove the myelin sheath from a nerve

demyelinoida

to remove the myelin sheath from a nerve


demyelinating

(pathology) That promotes, or undergoes demyelination


demineralization

en-noun

demineralization (countable and uncountable, plural demineralizations)

/dɪˌmɪnəɹəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

(pathology) The loss of minerals, especially those of calcium, from bone.


macular degeneration

(pathology) A disease of the retina of the eye resulting in loss of central vision.

黃斑變性 /黄斑变性

disease of the retina of the eye resulting loss of central vision

exudative age-related macular degeneration

neurovascular age-related macular degeneration


MAI

(pathology) Initialism of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection.


adenopathy

adenopathy (countable and uncountable, plural adenopathies)

(pathology) Swelling or enlargement of the glands (especially the lymph nodes); any glandular disease.


chloracne

chloracne (usually uncountable, plural chloracnes)

From chlor- + acne, in reference to the greenish pus associated with the condition.

(pathology) A form of acne caused by exposure to halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons


genotoxicity

genotoxicity (countable and uncountable, plural genotoxicities)

From geno- + toxicity or genotoxic + -ity.

Genotoxicity refers to potentially harmful effects on genetic material (DNA) which may occur directly through the induction of permanent transmissible changes (mutations) in the amount or structure of the DNA within cells.

2009, Lutz Müller, Anke Lühe, “Preclinical safety testing”, in John P. Griffin, editor, The Textbook of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 6th edition, Wiley-Blackwell, →ISBN, page 120:

(oncology, uncountable) The condition of being genotoxic.

(oncology, countable) The relative toxicity of a genotoxin.


cluster headache

cluster headache (plural cluster headaches)

So called because such headaches tend to occur together, i.e. in clusters.

(pathology) An extremely painful, cyclical and unilateral headache.


diverticulosis

diverticulosis (countable and uncountable, plural diverticuloses)

Unless the pouches are discovered in the course of an unrelated exam, like a colonoscopy, most people with diverticulosis don’t know they have it.

2019 October 28, Jane E. Brody, “Fiber in Fruits and Grains Protects Against Diverticulitis”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(pathology) The condition of having diverticula, or small pouches, formed along the mucosa of the colon.


AML

AML (countable and uncountable, plural AMLs)

Secondary AML was assigned if a patient had a history of chemotherapy/radiation therapy for a malignancy and/or had a history of preleukemic disease (eg, myelodysplastic syndrome [MDS], myeloproliferative neoplasm [MPN]).

2018, C Ustan et al., “Core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21): Risk factors and a novel scoring system (I-CBFit)”, in Cancer Medicine:

acute myeloid leukemia
acute myeloid leukemia#English

(countable, uncountable, hematology, oncology) Initialism of acute myeloid leukemia.

acute myeloblastic leukemia
acute myeloblastic leukemia#English

(oncology, hematology) Initialism of acute myeloblastic leukemia.

acute myelogenous leukemia
acute myelogenous leukemia#English

(oncology, hematology) Initialism of acute myelogenous leukemia.


AMR

AMR (countable and uncountable, plural AMRs)

antibody-mediated rejection
antibody-mediated rejection#English

(pathology) Initialism of antibody-mediated rejection.


brachycephaly

brachycephaly (countable and uncountable, plural brachycephalies)

(pathology) A congenital condition wherein the skull is flattened front-to-back, so that the head is short and broad.


scaphocephaly

(pathology) A congenital condition wherein the skull is flattened side-to-side.


sore throat

sore throat (countable and uncountable, plural sore throats)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sore throat.wav

Complains of a bad taste in his mouth ; there is some sore throat and difficulty of deglutition ; appetite very bad ; not very thirsty[…].

1846, C. H. J. Routh, “Hospital reports”, in Thomas Wakley, Henry Bennet, editors, The London Lancet, volume IV, page 78:

Some sore throat is a common symptom also in erysipelas of the scalp.

1879, Prosser James, Sore throat, its nature, varieties, and treatment', page 135:

I have a bit of sore throat.

2010, Kate Valery, “Prayer at the Bus Stop”, in Love Triangle: Anthology of Poetry and Short Stories, page 12:

(pathology, uncountable) The same, as a common symptom for many viral and bacterial infections.


raptus

From Latin raptus, from rapio (“seize”).


prostatic adenocarcinoma

prostatic adenocarcinoma (countable and uncountable, plural prostatic adenocarcinomas)

(oncology, pathology) Adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland, accounting for over 95% of prostate cancers.


PIV

PIV (countable and uncountable, plural PIVs)

(pathology) Abbreviation of parainfluenza virus.


candidiasis

candidiasis (countable and uncountable, plural candidiases)

(pathology) A fungal infection of any of the Candida (yeast) species.


arthropathy

(pathology) Any of several diseases of a joint

artropatia

medicine: any of several diseases of a joint


allergic rhinitis

(pathology, immunology) A group of symptoms similar to those of a cold such as runny nose and sore throat, caused by an allergic reaction to an allergen such as dust, plant pollens or animal dander.


hematuria

hematuria (countable and uncountable, plural hematurias)

hematurias (plural)
haematuria (alternative)

(pathology) The presence of blood in the urine

بَوْل دَمَوِيّ m (bawl damawiyy, literally “bloody urine”)

بِيلَة دَمَوِيَّة f (bīla(t) damawiyya, literally “bloody urination”)

erythruria

red-tinged urine requires differential diagnosis of the internal source

urethrorrhagia

bleeding from an orifice requires differential diagnosis of the internal source


hyperbilirubinemia

hyperbilirubinemia (countable and uncountable, plural hyperbilirubinemias)

(pathology) An unusually large concentration of bilirubin in the blood.


Reye's syndrome

Reye's syndrome and Jamaican vomiting sickness are disorders of mitochondrial dysfunction, while MCAD is a defect in mitochondrial beta oxidation of fatty acids.

1997, Norman Gitlin, The Liver and Systemic Disease, page 277:

(pathology) A potentially fatal disease that causes numerous detrimental effects to many organs, especially the brain and liver.


microalbuminuria

(pathology) The chronic presence of a small excess of albumin in the urine


pneumonitis

pneumonitis (countable and uncountable, plural pneumonitides or pneumonites)

pneumonitides (plural)
pneumonites (plural)

From the post-Classical Latin pneumonitis.

(pathology) Inflammation of the tissue of the lungs.


tumorigenic

en-adj

tumorigenic (comparative more tumorigenic, superlative most tumorigenic)

more tumorigenic (comparative)
most tumorigenic (superlative)
tumourigenic (alternative)


normoglycemic

(pathology) Having the normal amount of glucose in the blood


etiopathogenetic

(pathology) Describing any factor that is the cause of the development of a disease


endometritis

en-noun

endometritis (usually uncountable, plural endometritides)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-endometritis.wav

(medicine) Inflammation of the endometrium.


vaginalitis

(pathology) Vaginitis of the tunica vaginalis testis.


osteopetrosis

osteopetrosis (countable and uncountable, plural osteopetroses)

From osteo- + Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “rock”) + -osis.

af

(pathology) A rare hereditary disorder characterized by hard, dense bones.


nephromegaly

(pathology) The process whereby a kidney or both kidneys become enlarged.


lipemia

en-noun

lipemia (countable and uncountable, plural lipemias)

lipemias (plural)
lipaemia (alternative)

The absence of lipemia in the 28 cases undergoing treatment, although many of them were severe, is a striking fact, and probably to be accounted for by the partial or complete fasting.

1917, Elliott Proctor Joslin, The Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus, Lea & Febiger, page 102:

The studies cited above do not permit a decision as to whether the observed lipemias represent a direct action of estrogen or whether the effect is mediated through another organ.

1947, Oscar Riddle, Studies on Carbohydrate and Fat Metabolism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, page 111:

In patients with increased platelet aggregation, fat-loading produced a somewhat higher degree of lipemia than in the normal volunteers.

1982, G. Hornstra, Dietary Fats, Prostanoids and Arterial Thrombosis, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers (Wolters Kluwer), page 72:

It is important to note that Lipemia can also be seen as an artifact when a blood sample is collected from a pet that has just recently eaten. In general, a fast of 12 hours is recommended to eliminate postprandial lipemia. If lipemia persists greater than 12 hours, the patient should be evaluated for diseases that may produce altered fat metabolism.

2010, Andrew J. Rosenfeld, Sharon M. Dial, Clinical Pathology for the Veterinary Team, Wiley-Blackwell, page 158:

(medicine, pathology) An excess of lipids or lipoproteins in the blood.


night terror

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-night terror.wav

(pathology) A sleeping disorder, where sleep is interrupted by anxiety, panic or screaming.

The sleep data are analyzed to determine if there is a consistent pattern when the night terrors occur. The parent is instructed to wake the child 15 to 30 minutes before the night terror typically occurs.

2017, Marie Ardill, Ashley A. Houston, Constance J. Dalenberg, “Night Terror”, in Amy Wenzel, editor, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Abnormal and Clinical Psychology, SAGE Publications, →ISBN, page 2287:

(pathology) An interruption of sleep caused by anxiety, panic or screaming.


rubor

(pathology) redness, one of the main signs of inflammation


dystonia

dystonia (countable and uncountable, plural dystonias)

/dɪˈstəʊnɪə/

Borrowed from New Latin dystonia, from German Dystonie.

In one type of vocal dystonia called lingual protrusion dystonia, a person’s tongue can protrude when they try to speak, strangling their words.

2025 January 29, Sandee LaMotte, “A rare brain disorder robbed Robert F. Kennedy Jr. of his strong speaking voice”, in CNN:

(pathology) A disabling neurological disorder in which prolonged and repetitive contractions of muscles cause jerking, twisting movements and abnormal postures of the body.


atony

atony (usually uncountable, plural atonies)

Borrowed from New Latin atonia, from Ancient Greek ἀτονία (atonía, “languor”), from ἄτονος (átonos, “languid”), from ἀ- (a-, “privative”) + τόνος (tónos, “accent”), from τείνειν (teínein, “to stretch”).

bor

Lack of muscle tone; flaccidity or atonia


triple negative breast cancer

en-noun

triple negative breast cancer (countable and uncountable, plural triple negative breast cancers)

(medicine, pathology) A type of breast cancer, affecting African women more than white women, in which the three normal receptors are absent.


liposarcoma

liposarcoma (plural liposarcomas or liposarcomata)

liposarcomas (plural)
liposarcomata (plural)

(pathology) Any malignant tumour that originates in adipose tissue


hyperhidrosis

hyperhidrosis (countable and uncountable, plural hyperhidroses)

From international scientific vocabulary, from New Latin, from hyper- + hidrosis.

(pathology) A medical condition with the primary symptom of excessive sweating, in excess of that required for regulation of body temperature.


pernio

(countable, uncountable) Synonym of chilblain


malacia

malacia (countable and uncountable, plural malacias)

From Latin malacia, from Ancient Greek μαλακία (malakía, “softness, sickness”).

der

As soon, namely, as a process of this sort sets in in a compound organ, as for example, a muscle, a palpable myo-malacia is certainly produced when all the muscular elements at a given point are at once affected; but it happens far more frequently that, in the course of a muscle, only a comparatively small number of primitive fasciculi are affected, whilst the others remain almost intact.

1860, Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow, Cellular Pathology as Based Upon Physiological and Pathological Histology, page 318:

(medicine, pathology) Abnormal softening of organs or tissues of the human body.


Spanish influenza

Named after Spain, which reported on the spread of disease as a neutral state while most other countries fighting World War I impose censorship, leading to a mistaken impression that it was concentrated in Spain.

Spanish Influenza (alternative)
Spanish flu (alternative)
Spanish Flu (alternative)

By systematic organization and effort we have been endeavoring to combat Spanish Influenza in Luzerne County, with its population of 350,000 souls.

1920, Oscar Jewell Harvey, The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918, Pennsylvania: Wilkes-Barre, page 25:

(pathology) A form of influenza that spread to nearly every part of the world in a pandemic between 1918 and 1920, killing from 20 to 100 million people.


Spanish flu

In the wake of the devastation of the Spanish flu, the world came together to develop unprecedented scientific collaborations to take on future pandemics. In 1947, the WHO Interim Committee of the United Nations established a Global Influenza Programme to track the changes in the virus.

2018, World Health Organization, “Pandemic influenza: an evolving challenge”, in WHO official website:

Spanish influenza
Spanish influenza#English

(pathology) Alternative form of Spanish influenza


rhinosinusitis

en-noun

rhinosinusitis (countable and uncountable, plural rhinosinusitises or rhinosinusitides)

rhinosinusitises (plural)
rhinosinusitides (plural)

(pathology) A rhinitis combined with sinusitis.


nasal congestion

(pathology) The blockage of the nasal passages usually due to membranes lining the nose becoming swollen from inflamed blood vessels.


nasal obstruction

nasal obstruction (plural nasal obstructions)

(pathology) An obstruction of the nasal cavity that reduces the flow of the air, regardless of the cause.


sleep disorder

(pathology) A medical disorder of the sleep patterns of a person or animal.


hypoparathyroidism

hypoparathyroidism (countable and uncountable, plural hypoparathyroidisms)

(pathology) deficiency of parathyroid hormone.


ganglion cyst

(pathology) A swelling on or around joints and tendons in the hand or foot.


anosognosia

anosognosia (countable and uncountable, plural anosognosias)

Anton-Babinski syndrome
Anton-Babinski syndrome

(pathology) Failure to be aware of a defect or deficit resulting from disability, due to brain injury (e.g. Anton-Babinski syndrome).


herpesvirus

(virology) Any of the family Herpesviridae, double-stranded DNA viruses, many of which are responsible for diseases such as chickenpox, herpes simplex, and shingles, and others affecting animals.


cycler

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cycler.wav

We took samples from the tubes in the cycler at regular intervals

(biochemistry) Ellipsis of thermal cycler.; a machine for creating multiple copies of DNA sequences.


oophoritis

From noun use of Ancient Greek ὠοφόρος (ōophóros, “egg-bearing”) + -itis.

uder

(pathology) inflammation of the ovaries.


GORD

Alternative form: (US) GERD

(pathology) Acronym of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.


antitumor

en-adj

antitumor (comparative more antitumor, superlative most antitumor)

more antitumor (comparative)
most antitumor (superlative)
antitumour (alternative)

(oncology) Inhibiting the development of a tumor.


parasitemia

(pathology) The presence of parasites in the blood


echolalic

Their echolalic responses may be much more extensive than the single words or short phrases that are characteristic of normal echolalia. Thus, a pseudoverbal autistic child may respond to "Do you want a cookie, Jimmy?" with a replication of the very same words.

1984, Jon Eisenson, Aphasia and related disorders in children, page 30:

(clinical psychology) Of or pertaining to echolalia.


ectopy

en-noun

ectopy (countable and uncountable, plural ectopies)

From international scientific vocabulary, using New Latin combining forms: by surface analysis, ec- + -topy; equivalent to ectopia = ec- + -topia, "out of place".

(pathology) Abnormal position of an organ or other body part.


compression fracture

compression fracture (plural compression fractures)

(pathology) Any fracture of a bone (most often a load-bearing bone such as a vertebra) caused by compression


arteriosclerotic

en-adj

arteriosclerotic (comparative more arteriosclerotic, superlative most arteriosclerotic)

more arteriosclerotic (comparative)
most arteriosclerotic (superlative)

(pathology) Of, pertaining to, or caused by arteriosclerosis


papillomavirus

/papɪˈləʊməvʌɪɹəs/

(virology) Any variety of virus which causes warts.

Now specifically, a member of the genus Papillomavirus.


leukorrhea

en-noun

leukorrhea (countable and uncountable, plural leukorrheas)

leukorrheas (plural)
leukorrhoea (alternative)
leukorrhœa (alternative)
leucorrhea (alternative)
leucorrhoea (alternative)
leucorrhœa (alternative)

From Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white”) + ῥοία (rhoía, “flow, flux”). By surface analysis, leuko- + -rrhea.

(pathology) Thick, whitish vaginal discharge.


dermoid cyst

(pathology) A type of teratoma or tumour, usually benign. It is in the form of a cyst or sac, and contains skin and sometimes hair, nails, teeth or other tissue.


enchondroma

enchondroma (plural enchondromas or enchondromata)

enchondromas (plural)
enchondromata (plural)

(medicine, pathology) A cartilage cyst found in the bone marrow.

enkondrooma

a cartilage cyst found in the bone marrow


arbovirus

(pathology, virology) Any virus that is transmitted by an arthropod.

arbovirus

any virus that is transmitted by an arthropod


virophage

/ˈvaɪɹəfeɪd͡ʒ/

(virology) Any virus that infects other viruses.


tracheomalacia

(pathology) A condition in which the cartilaginous tissue in trachea is soft, such that the trachea partly collapses during respiration.


aristolochic

/əˌɹɪstəˈloʊkɪk/

(pathology) Caused by aristolochic acid.


hypopnea

hypopnea (countable and uncountable, plural hypopneas)

hypopneas (plural)
hypopnoea (alternative)
hypopnœa (alternative)

(pathology) A disorder which involves episodes of overly shallow breathing or an abnormally low respiratory rate


saburra

(pathology) Foul granular matter deposited in the alimentary canal by the decomposition of food


embolon

From Ancient Greek ἔμβολον (émbolon, “wedge, plug”).

uder

A blood clot or swelling, particularly one that blocks an artery; an embolus.


selective mutism

social anxiety disorder
social anxiety disorder

(clinical psychology, psychiatry) A severe form of social anxiety disorder characterized by a total inability to speak or communicate orally in certain social settings.

mutismo selectivo

inability to speak in certain social settings


brachydactyly

en-noun

brachydactyly (countable and uncountable, plural brachydactylies)

(pathology) Abnormal shortness of the fingers or toes

braquidactilia

abnormal shortness of the fingers or toes


mucolipidosis

(pathology) Any of several inherited lysosomal storage diseases characterized by an accumulation of mucopolysaccharides and lipids in tissues


oncoprotein

(genetics, oncology, biochemistry) A protein that is coded for by an oncogene.


peplomer

(virology, archaic) how viruses attach to cells; spike


hypovolemia

hypovolemia (countable and uncountable, plural hypovolemias)

hypovolemias (plural)
hypovolaemia (alternative)
hypovolæmia (alternative)

(pathology) A state of decreased blood plasma volume.


otitis media

(pathology) An inflammation of the middle ear.


myringitis

(pathology) An inflammation of the eardrum.


splenomegaly

splenomegaly (countable and uncountable, plural splenomegalies)

(pathology) Enlargement of the spleen (process); an enlargement of the spleen (instance).


arteritis

arteritis (countable and uncountable, plural arteritides)

In July, 1819, M. Dalbant, of Grenoble, presented to the Faculty of Medicine, of Paris, a Thesis on Arteritis, containing five cases of inflammation of the arterial coats.

1820, “Memoir on Senile Rupture of the Heart”, in The London Medical Repository, Monthly Journal, and Review, volume 14, page 418:

Arteritis has been noticed in variola, especially in the hemorrhagic form of it, sometimes as early as in the period of eruption, at other times later, and, apart from the aorta, the coronary arteries are usually attacked.

1903, Henri Roger, Infectious diseases, page 454:

Bacterial endocarditis or injection of a foreign substance along with the drug cannot fully explain the radiographic and pathologic changes, since the arteritis has been documented after oral or intranasal amphetamine.

2011, E. Steve Roach, Pediatric Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disorders, page 146:

(pathology) The inflammation of arterial walls, often due to infection or an autoimmune response.


rectal varicosity

rectal varicosity (plural rectal varicosities)

(pathology) haemorrhoid (British), hemorrhoid (US)


PCOS

polycystic ovary syndrome
polycystic ovary syndrome#English

(pathology) Initialism of polycystic ovary syndrome.


hepatosplenomegaly

hepatosplenomegaly (countable and uncountable, plural hepatosplenomegalies)

(medicine, pathology) Enlargement of both the liver and spleen.

hepatosplenomegalie

enlargement of both the liver and spleen


brown spot

brown spot (countable and uncountable, plural brown spots)

(uncountable) A fungal disease of some plants characterized by brown spots on the leaves


peccant

en-adj

peccant (comparative more peccant, superlative most peccant)

more peccant (comparative)
most peccant (superlative)

The adjective is borrowed from Middle French peccant (“unhealthy”) (modern French peccant), and from its etymon Late Latin peccantis, the genitive singular of peccāns (“offending; sinning, transgressing”, adjective), from Latin peccāns (“wrongdoer”), a noun use of the active present participle of peccō (“to offend; to sin, transgress”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ped- (“to fall; to stumble; to step; to walk”).
As regards sense 3 (“diseased, unhealthy”) as used in peccant humours, compare Middle French l'umeur peccante, humeurs peccantes, Old French humeurs pechantes, and Late Latin humores peccantes.
The noun is derived from the adjective.

der

Thus haue I deſcribed and opened as by a kinde of diſſection, thoſe peccant humors (the principall of them) vvhich hath not onely giuen impediment to the proficence of Learning, but haue giuen alſo occaſion, to the traducement thereof: […]

1605, Francis Bacon, “The First Booke”, in The Twoo Bookes of Francis Bacon. Of the Proficience and Aduancement of Learning, Diuine and Humane, London: […] [Thomas Purfoot and Thomas Creede] for Henrie Tomes, […], →OCLC, folio 27, recto:

It is allowed, that Senates and great Councils are often troubled with redundant, ebullient, and other peccant Humours, with many Diſeaſes of the Head and more of the Heart; with ſtrong Convulſions, with grievous Contractions of the Nerves and Sinews in both Hands, but eſpecially the Right; with Spleen, Flatus, Vertigos and Deliriums; with Scrophulous Tumors full of fœtid purulent Matter; with ſower frothy Ructations, with Canine Appetites and Crudeneſs of Digeſtion, beſides many others needleſs to mention.

1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “A Further Account of the Academy. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume II, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part III (A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdribb, Luggnagg, and Japan), page 82:

It is far from impoſſible to reconcide, […] the ſacredneſs of as hereditary principle of ſucceſſion in our government, vvith a povver of change in its application in caſes of extreme emergency. Even in that extremity (if vve take the meaſure of our rights by our exerciſe of them at the Revolution) the change is to be confined to the peccant part only; to the part vvhich produced the neceſſary deviation; and even then it is to be effected vvithout a decompoſition of the vvhole civil and political maſs, for the purpoſe of originating a nevv civil order out of the firſt elements of ſociety.

1790 November, Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, and on the Proceedings in Certain Societies in London Relative to that Event. […], London: […] J[ames] Dodsley, […], →OCLC, page 29:

I am truly sorry that I cannot accompany you in your ride this morning, owing to a violent pain in my face, arising from a wart to which I by medical advice applied a caustic. Whether I put too much, I do not know, but the consequence is, that not only I have been put to some pain, but the peccant part and its immediate environ are as black as if the printer's devil had marked me for an author.

1823 April 14, Lord Byron, “Letter DXIV. To the Earl of B**.”, in Thomas Moore, editor, Letters and Journals of Lord Byron: With Notices of His Life, […], volume II, London: John Murray, […], published 1830, →OCLC, page 640:

And we have a certain instinct, that where is great amount of life, though gross and peccant, it has its own checks and purifications, and will be found at last in harmony with moral laws.

1860, R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson, “Essay II. Power.”, in The Conduct of Life, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 52:

[O]ne feels that no community can really be as purged of peccant humours as the typical American has for the most part found itself foredoomed to look.

1906 August, Henry James, “Baltimore”, in The American Scene, London: Chapman and Hall, published 30 January 1907, →OCLC, section II, page 312:

(pathology, historical, also figurative) Especially of humours of the body: diseased, unhealthy; also, causing disease.


brain tumor

brain tumors (plural)
brain tumour (alternative)

An intracranial growth of abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.

breingewas

an intracranial growth of abnormal and uncontrolled cell division


osteoclastoma

en-noun

osteoclastoma (plural osteoclastomas or osteoclastomata)

osteoclastomas (plural)
osteoclastomata (plural)

(oncology) A tumor of bone characterized by the presence of giant, multinucleated cells


enteropathy

/ɛntəˈɹɒpəθi/

(pathology) An intestinal disorder or disease.


telangiectasia

telangiectasia (countable and uncountable, plural telangiectasias or telangiectasiae or (archaic) telangiectasiæ)

telangiectasias (plural)
telangiectasiae (plural)
telangiectasiæ (archaic plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Telangiectasia.wav

Mid 19th century New Latin, from telo- + angiectasia, reflecting Ancient Greek τέλος (télos, “end, telo-”) + Ancient Greek ἀγγεῖον (angeîon, “vessel, angio-”) + Ancient Greek ἔκτασις (éktasis, “stretching out, extension”) + Latin -ia.

af

Chronic venous disease includes cosmetically undesirable telangiectasias, varicose veins, venous ulceration, and claudication.

2008, Mary E. Klingensmith, The Washington Manual of Surgery, page 327:

(medicine, pathology) A condition characterized by dilatation of the capillaries, causing them to appear as small red or purple clusters, often spidery in appearance, on the skin or the surface of an organ.


herpes simplex

(pathology) A viral disease caused by Human herpesvirus 1 or Human herpesvirus 2 in genus Simplexvirus.


housemaid's knee

en-noun

housemaid's knee (countable and uncountable, plural housemaid's knees)

So called because it used to be prevalent among housemaids, who spent time kneeling on floors to clean them.

(pathology) swelling of the bursa before the kneecap.


Guillain-Barré syndrome

/ɡiːˈæn bəˈɹeɪ ˈsɪndɹoʊm/

From Georges Guillain and Jean Alexandre Barré, who described the condition in 1916.

peripheral nervous system
peripheral nervous system

(neurology, pathology) Rapid-onset muscle weakness, often severe and sometimes fatal, resulting from impaired peripheral nervous system function, associated with various viral and other infections.

مُتْلازِمَة غِيلان بَارِيه

rapid-onset muscle weakness resulting from impaired peripheral nervous system function

ギラン・バレー症候群

ギラン・バレーしょうこうぐん


symplasia

(pathology) Fused growth of cells or tissue.


dacryocystitis

(pathology, ophthalmology) inflammation of the lacrimal sac


leucoma

leucomas (plural)
leucomata (plural)
leukoma (alternative)

(pathology) An opaque area or scar on the cornea of an eye


hyperactivation

hyperactivation (countable and uncountable, plural hyperactivations)

hyperactivation of complement


urethritis

urethritis (usually uncountable, plural urethritides or urethrites)

urethritides (plural)
urethrites (plural)

STI
sexually transmitted infection#English

(pathology) Inflammation of the urethra, a finding possible in many diseases (e.g., STI and non-STI, including UTI) but often in gonorrhea and chlamydia.


edentation

(pathology) The condition of being deprived of one or more teeth.


dystaxia

(pathology, rare) a milder or weaker form of ataxia


heterophoria

heterophoria (countable and uncountable, plural heterophorias)

By surface analysis, hetero- + -phore + -ia; from Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros, “other, another, different”) + -φορία (-phoría), from φέρειν (phérein, “to bear”).

uder

(pathology) Latent strabismus, which occurs only during dissociation of the left eye and right eye, whereby fusion of the eyes is absent


fibrosarcoma

en-noun

fibrosarcoma (plural fibrosarcomas or fibrosarcomata)

fibrosarcomas (plural)
fibrosarcomata (plural)

(oncology) A fibroblastic sarcoma: a malignant tumor derived from fibrous connective tissue


adenomatosis

(pathology) A form of cancer characterized by multiple adenomas within an organ or system


melastatin

(genetics, oncology) A gene expressed in melanocytes and involved in nevomelanocytic development; down-regulated in cases of melanoma


micropsia

micropsia (countable and uncountable, plural micropsias)

From Ancient Greek μικροψία (mikropsía), from μικρός (mikrós, “little, small”) + ὄψις (ópsis, “view”).

(pathology) A disorder in which objects appear much smaller than normal, most often the result of a neurological dysfunction.


methylene diphosphonate

(organic chemistry, oncology) Synonym of medronate


echopraxia

echopraxia (countable and uncountable, plural echopraxias)

From Ancient Greek ἠχώ (ēkhṓ, “reflected sound, echo”) + πρᾶξις (prâxis, “action”), formed on the analogy of echolalia and apraxia.

der

For example, a tic is an automatic form of echopraxia, involving to some slight degree the emotions and the volition and having been originally acquired by suggestion and imitation.

1906, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Volume 33, Williams & Wilkins, page 547:

1964, Digest of Neurology and Psychiatry, Volumes 32-33, Institute of Living, page 260,
Echolalia and echopraxia have been recognized as symptoms of seriously disturbed behavior in adults for over a century.

Several patients, after repeated experience of echopraxia and pantomime, had the delusion that they could communicate with others without using words—merely transmitting ideas by a bodily movement.

1966, The British Journal of Psychiatry, volume 112, Royal Medico-Psychological Association, page 241:

(psychology, pathology, psychopathology) The involuntary repetition or imitation of the observed movements of another.

echopraxie

involuntary repetition of the observed movements of others


giardia

/d͡ʒiˈɑɹdiə/

/d͡ʒiˈɑːdɪə/

(pathology) Giardiasis, the disease caused by the parasite.


neuroendocrine

a neuroendocrine cancer

(physiology, pathology) pertaining to the nervous system and endocrine system together


red man syndrome

(pathology) An infusion reaction to vancomycin, causing flushing of the skin and an erythematous rash on the upper body.


cholangitis

en-noun

cholangitis (countable and uncountable, plural cholangitides)

(pathology) An inflammation of the bile duct.


venistasis

A patient with venistasis might be more vulnerable to the formation of blood clots due to long periods of immobility such as when driving for long distances.

(pathology) A condition of slow blood supply, usually to the limbs.


autism spectrum disorder

autism spectrum disorder (plural autism spectrum disorders)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-autism spectrum disorder.wav

Asperger's is an autism spectrum disorder.

2008, "Scientists Pinpoint Pathway That Impacts Features of Autism", 8 October 2018, R&D Magazine.
Moreover, effects were seen in adult mice, suggesting a possible route to medication development for adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

(psychology, pathology) A disorder involving any of a range of psychological conditions, all characterized by abnormal social interaction and communication, restricted interests, highly repetitive behaviour, and eccentricity.

自閉症スペクトラム障害

じへいしょうすぺくとらむしょうがい


osteonecrosis

osteonecrosis (countable and uncountable, plural osteonecroses)


avascular necrosis

avascular necrosis (plural avascular necroses)

(pathology) A disease resulting from the temporary or permanent loss of the blood supply to the bones, causing bone tissue death and bone collapse.


restage

en-verb

restage (third-person singular simple present restages, present participle restaging, simple past and past participle restaged)

restages (present singular third-person)
restaging (participle present)
restaged (participle past)
restaged (past)

(medicine, oncology, surgery; transitive) To stage (a disease, especially a cancer) again; to revise the staging of a case as its course varies.


leucocytosis

leucocytoses (plural)
leukocytosis (alternative)

(pathology) A raised WBC (white blood cell) count, above the normal range.

hyperleukocytosis

severe subset: an especially high WBC count

neutrophilia

types, by WBC type, in order of prevalence


myelodysplasia

JSLH has also approved the grading system for diagnostic accuracy of MDS and adopted this standardized diagnostic system to the educational item for certification of the laboratory hematology specialists, aiming at a nationwidely expanding morphological evaluation of myelodysplasia.

2018 May 9, K. Tohyama, “Present status and perspective of laboratory hematology in Japan: On the standardization of blood cell morphology including myelodysplasia: On behalf of the Japanese Society for Laboratory Hematology”, in International Journal of Lab Hematology, volume 40, number S1, →DOI, pages 120-125:

(pathology) Any of various conditions characterized by the faulty or inadequate production of bone marrow or blood cells.


ostalgia

en-noun

ostalgia (usually uncountable, plural ostalgias)


sesamoiditis

(pathology) Inflammation of a sesamoid bone, usually in the foot.


nephrosclerosis

nephrosclerosis (countable and uncountable, plural nephroscleroses)

From nephro- (“kidney”) + sclerosis (“hard”).

(pathology) arteriosclerosis of the renal arteries


hypogammaglobulinemia

hypogammaglobulinemia (countable and uncountable, plural hypogammaglobulinemias)

(pathology) A type of immune disorder characterised by a reduction in all types of gamma globulins


cardiometabolic

(pathology) Concerning both heart disease and metabolic disorders such as diabetes


endotoxemia

endotoxemia (countable and uncountable, plural endotoxemias)

(pathology) The presence of endotoxins in the bloodstream


anthracnose

anthracnose (countable and uncountable, plural anthracnoses)

(phytopathology) Any of several fungal diseases that affect many plants and trees.

caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides


hantavirus

From the name of the Hantan River in South Korea, via the genus name Hantavirus.

To reveal the molecular epidemiology of hantaviruses in this region, a total of 374 small mammals (eight species of rodents and one species of shrew) were captured in the Chinese part of the Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island (Heilongjiang Province).[…] Overall, these results suggest that Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island harbors considerable hantavirus diversity.

2014, Cai-QiaoWang et al., “Co-circulation of Hantaan, Kenkeme, and Khabarovsk Hantaviruses in Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island, China”, in Virus Research, volume 191, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

(virology) Any virus of the genus Hantavirus, transmitted by aerosolized rodent excreta or rodent bites, especially the deer mouse. Hantaviruses cause Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS): incubation lasts for 1–5 weeks, sickness begins with fever and muscle aches, followed by shortness of breath and coughing.


uveitis

uveitis (usually uncountable, plural uveitides)


erethic

en-adj

erethic (comparative more erethic, superlative most erethic)

more erethic (comparative)
most erethic (superlative)


angiopathy

(pathology) Any disease of the blood vessels.


synostosis

en-noun

synostosis (countable and uncountable, plural synostoses)

From syn- + Ancient Greek ὀστέον (ostéon, “bone”) + -osis.

Conditions such as those are known collectively as single suture synostosis.

2009 January 25, Denis Campbell, “Kian, 4, needs a miracle. He's in the right place”, in The Observer:

(pathology) The abnormal development of a joint.


dieback

The National Trust reports that 30,000 ash trees on its land will have been felled this year owing to ash dieback. “Dieback” sounds like a gentle, seasonal withdrawal. In fact, ash dieback is a devastating disease caused by a fungus, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, likely to have been carried into the UK on imported ash saplings in the early part of this century.

2021 December 12, “The Guardian view on ash dieback: a tiny chink of hope”, in The Guardian:

(phytopathology) The browning and death of a plant shoot starting at the tip, due to either disease or climate conditions.


MPD

MPD (countable and uncountable, plural MPDs)

(pathology) Initialism of myeloproliferative disease.


hemangioma

hemangioma (plural hemangiomas or hemangiomata)

hemangiomas (plural)
hemangiomata (plural)
haemangioma (alternative)
hæmangioma (alternative)

(pathology) A congenital, benign tumor of endothelial cells.


ependymoma

ependymoma (plural ependymomas or ependymomata)

ependymomas (plural)
ependymomata (plural)

central nervous system
central nervous system

(pathology, oncology) A tumour of the central nervous system arising from the ependyma


erythroleukemia

erythroleukemias (plural)
erythroleukaemia (alternative)


hemangioblastoma

hemangioblastoma (plural hemangioblastomas or hemangioblastomata)

hemangioblastomas (plural)
hemangioblastomata (plural)

(oncology) Any of several benign neoplasm tumours of the brain


chordoma

chordoma (plural chordomas or chordomata)

The tumors, known as chordomas, eat bone and tissue and have done irreparable damage to her spine. Ms. Haigh, who has a 3-year-old daughter, cannot work while she is undergoing treatment.

2009 February 16, Cara Buckley, “Turning the Male Perm Into a Very Good Hair Day”, in New York Times:

(pathology) A slow-growing, malignant tumor arising from remnants of the notochord.


nudivirus

(virology) Any of several DNA viruses found in arthropods.


provirus

(virology) A virus genome, such as HIV, that integrates itself into the DNA of a host cell so as to be passively replicated along with the host genome.


lymphodema

She recently developed lymphodema, the painful swelling and water retention that can happen in the arm where lymph nodes were removed.

2007 May 22, Leslie Berger, “Cancer Care Seeks to Take Patients Beyond Survival”, in New York Times:

(pathology) A condition of fluid retention caused by a compromised lymphatic system.


erythema migrans

(pathology) The rash often seen in the early stage of Lyme disease.

erythema migrans

rash typical to early stage of Lyme disease


Bell's palsy

Named after Scottish surgeon Charles Bell (1774–1842), who first described the connection of the facial nerve to the condition.

A Bell's palsy is a facial paralysis that affects one side of the face only, generally caused by a viral infection.

2020, Dr Amir Khan, The Doctor Will See You Now, Ebury Press (2021), page 15:

(pathology) A paralysis of cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve) resulting in inability to control facial muscles on the affected side.

貝爾氏麻痺 /贝尔氏麻痹

paralysis of cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve


heart block

coronary artery disease
coronary artery disease

(pathology) A disease in the electrical system of the heart, opposed to coronary artery disease, which is disease of the blood vessels of the heart.


neurosyphilis

The progression of syphilis to neurosyphilis usually takes 30 to 40 years, but in a "coinfected person" it can occur in six to nine months.

1988 December 4, John Dooley, “CDC Releases New Recommendations For Syphilis, HIV”, in Gay Community News, volume 16, number 21, page 2:

Even more recently, The Times Literary Supplement, sifting through Hardy’s ashes, ran a story suggesting that his first wife may have suffered from quaternary neurosyphilis — contracted from him.

2007 March 18, Brenda Wineapple, “Wessex Man”, in New York Times:

(pathology) A syphilis infection affecting the nervous system.


chytrid

From Ancient Greek χυτρίδιον (khutrídion, “little pot”), from χύτρα (khútra, “earthen pot, pipkin”).

uder

(pathology) Abbreviation of chytridiomycosis.


neuronophagia

(pathology) The destruction of nerve cells by phagocytes.


PMDD

premenstrual dysphoric disorder
premenstrual dysphoric disorder#English

(pathology) Initialism of premenstrual dysphoric disorder.


proteotoxicity

en-noun

proteotoxicity (countable and uncountable, plural proteotoxicities)

(pathology) Any impairment of cell function caused by misfolding of a protein.


MDR-TB

(pathology) Initialism of multiple drug resistant tuberculosis.


XDR-TB

(pathology) Initialism of extensively drug resistant tuberculosis.


erythroblastosis

erythroblastosis (countable and uncountable, plural erythroblastoses)

(pathology) A medical condition in which erythroblasts are abnormally found in the blood


symbrachydactyly

Angus was born with symbrachydactyly, a condition believed to be caused when blood flow is limited to the hand in the womb, restricting its development and often causing short, malformed fingers.

2009 March 7, Georgie Pilcher, “Little Angus Rhodes swapped a couple of toes for fingers”, in Herald Sun, archived from the original on 2009-03-07:

A congenital abnormality of the hand, characterized by missing or malformed fingers.


pyaemia

pyaemia (countable and uncountable, plural pyaemias)

pyaemias (plural)
pyæmia (alternative)
pyemia (alternative)
pyœmia (alternative)

From Ancient Greek πύον (púon, “pus”) + αἷμα (haîma, “blood”).

(pathology) A type of septicemia caused usually by the presence of Staphylococcus bacteria in the bloodstream; characterised by metastatic abscesses and other symptoms associated with septicemia.


attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (uncountable)

Having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, is associated with a shorter life expectancy and a greater risk of mental health issues, according to a new study of more than 30,000 people with the disorder in the United Kingdom.

2025 January 23, Kristen Rogers, “People with ADHD have shorter life expectancy and higher risk of mental health issues, study finds”, in CNN:

(neurology, pathology, psychiatry, psychology) A developmental disorder in which a person has difficulty to concentrate and a persistent pattern of impulsiveness and inattention, with or without a component of hyperactivity.

trastorn per dèficit d'atenció amb hiperactivitat

aktiivisuuden ja tarkkaavaisuuden häiriö

trouble du déficit de l’attention avec ou sans hyperactivité

διαταραχή ελλειμματικής προσοχής/υπερκινητικότητας

gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas

注意欠陥・多動性障害

ちゅういけっかん・たどうせいしょうがい, chūikekkan・tadōseishōgai

áłchíní chʼééh nidaah da łeh, bichʼįʼ yátiʼ ndi háadishį́į́ nitsékees doo

treble per deficit d'atencion amb iperactivitat

zespół nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej z deficytem uwagi

zespół nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej z brakiem koncentracji uwagi

sindróm deficíta vnimánija i giperaktívnosti

синдро́м дефици́та внима́ния и гиперакти́вности

trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad

dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu

rózlad deficýtu uváhy ta hiperaktývnosti

ро́злад дефіци́ту ува́ги та гіперакти́вності

anhwylder diffyg canolbwyntio a gorfywiogrwydd


cytokine storm

(pathology) An immune system–cytokine positive feedback reaction to certain infections and certain drugs, which occurs when large numbers of white blood cells are activated and release inflammatory cytokines, which in turn activate more white blood cells.


proctitis

proctitis (usually uncountable, plural proctitides)

A study published last September in the International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics found hyperbaric oxygen helpful for patients with radiation proctitis, which can cause bleeding, rectal ulcers and loss of bowel control .

2009 March 10, Jane E. Brody, “Oxygen Therapy Is Valuable, Sometimes”, in New York Times:

(pathology) An inflammation of the anus and the lining of the rectum.


hypobaropathy

2007, Bubnov SN, Nefedova TM, Drozhzhin AA, "Experience of hyperbaric oxygenation treatment of a patient with acute hypobaropathy" (in Russian), Aviakosm Ekolog Med 41 (3): 63–5. PMID 17902365

(pathology) Sickness caused by reduced atmospheric pressure, such as altitude sickness.


Ohtahara syndrome

Ohtahara syndrome (usually uncountable, plural Ohtahara syndromes)

Named for the Japanese neurologist Shunsuke Ohtahara (1930–2013), who identified it in 1976.

(neurology, pathology) A progressive condition with a combination of severe epilepsy and cerebral palsy. It is characterised by severe physical and mental retardation and partial seizures.


rosacea

rosacea (usually uncountable, plural rosaceas)

/ɹoʊˈzeɪ.ʃə/

Clipping of acne rosacea, from New Latin acnē (“acne”) +
rosācea, feminine of rosāceus (“rose-colored”).

It’s hardly surprising that rosacea tends to strike the fair-skinned, especially people of Celtic or Northern European extraction, according to the National Rosacea Society, an association that receives financing from pharmaceutical and cosmetic companies that market rosacea remedies.

2008 April 24, Camille Sweeney, “In a Perfect World, Rosacea Remains a Problem”, in New York Times:

(pathology) A chronic condition characterized by redness of the face.


thrombo-

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, from Greek the Ancient Greek θρόμβος (thrómbos, “lump”, “piece”, “blood clot”, “milk curd”).

uder

(chiefly pathology and chemistry) thrombus

classical compound
international scientific vocabulary


tyrosinemia

en-noun

tyrosinemia (countable and uncountable, plural tyrosinemias)

(pathology) A metabolic disorder characterized by the presence of excess tyrosine in the blood.


tetraparesis

(pathology) weakness of the muscles of all four limbs


SED

SED (countable and uncountable, plural SEDs)

SEDs (plural)
S.E.D. (alternative)
S. E. D. (alternative)

selective eating disorder
selective eating disorder#English

(pathology) Initialism of selective eating disorder.


polyendocrinopathy

(pathology) A disease of the immune system that has multiple features


sodoku

(medicine, pathology) A bacterial zoonotic disease, a form of rat-bite fever caused by the bacterium Spirillum minus.


albuminuria

albuminuria (countable and uncountable, plural albuminurias)

(pathology) The presence of albumin in the urine, often a symptom of renal disease


disorganized schizophrenia

(pathology) A form of schizophrenia marked by disorganized behavior and speech as well as inappropriate emotional responses or affect.


ALL

ALL (countable and uncountable, plural ALLs)

In children, leukemia was most commonly ALL—lymphoblastic leukemia—and was almost always swiftly lethal.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 17:

acute lymphoblastic leukemia
acute lymphoblastic leukemia#English

(oncology, hematology) Initialism of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.


Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Named after the Japanese physician Hakaru Hashimoto (1881−1934).

(pathology) An autoimmune disease resulting in a malfunction of the endocrine system associated with low thyroid hormone levels.


thyroiditis

thyroiditis (countable and uncountable, plural thyroiditides or thyroiditises or thyroidites)

thyroiditides (plural)
thyroiditises (plural)
thyroidites (plural)

(pathology) Inflammation of the thyroid gland.


osteoma

(medicine, pathology) A benign bony tumour that typically grows on the skull.


oligodendroglioma

(oncology) A glioma believed to originate from the oligodendrocytes of the brain or from a glial precursor cell.


keratolysis

(pathology) The periodic exfoliation of the epidermis.


IB

infectious bronchitis
infectious bronchitis#English

(pathology) Initialism of infectious bronchitis.


nosema

From nosema disease or directly from translingual Nosema (“a taxonomic genus within the family Nosematidae”), from Latin nosema, from Ancient Greek νόσημᾰ (nósēmă, “disease, sickness, plague, affliction”).

cog

There were problems in my dad’s day: ants, skunks, wax moths and a couple of deadly but well-known bee diseases, like foulbrood and nosema.

2007 February 22, Verlyn Klinkenborg, “Keeping Bees Among Us”, in New York Times:

An infectious disease of adult honey bees caused by some microsporidian parasites of the genus Nosema.

(possibly dated) Pébrine, a disease of silkworms, also caused by Nosema parasites.


nosemosis

George (1971) reported that diets deficient in cholesterol or protein enhanced development of a nosemosis in young red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst).

1978, Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society, Athens, GA: Georgia Entomological Society, →ISSN, page 355:

nosema disease
nosema disease#English:_general

nosema disease (“infectious disease of some insects caused by some microsporidian parasites”)

Nosema apis are the causative agent of nosema disease (nosemosis) in honeybees (Apis mellifera).

2006, Levant Aydin, Ender Gulegen, Ibrahim Cakmak, A. Onur Girisgin, Harrington Wells, “Relation between Nosema and Chalkbrood diseases, and its implication for an apiary management model”, in The Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, volume 50, number 4, Puławy, PL: National Veterinary Research Institute, →ISSN, archived from the original on 2015-03-31, page 471:

nosema disease
nosema disease#English:_bees

(honey bees) nosema disease (“infectious disease of adult honey bees caused by some microsporidian parasites”)


psoriatic

He is a college professor who drinks heavily, suffers from terrible psoriatic arthritis and seems to loathe everything about what’s become of his life.

2008 June 8, Hugo Lindgren, “Life With Father”, in New York Times:

(dermatology, pathology) Of, pertaining to or suffering from psoriasis.

psoriásico

of, pertaining to or suffering from psoriasis


anisocoria

/ænˌaɪsəˈkɔɹ i ə/

Anisocoria is the occurrence of unequal or asymmetric pupils. Very slight differences are common and of no significance.

2009, Alexander DeLahunta, Eric Glass, Veterinary Neuroanatomy and Clinical Neurology, 3rd edition, Elsevier Health Sciences, →ISBN, page 182:

(pathology) A condition characterized by unequal size of the pupils of the eye.


mastocytosis

en-noun

mastocytosis (countable and uncountable, plural mastocytoses)

(neurology, pathology) A disorder caused by an overabundance of mastocytes in the body.


mastology

(anatomy, pathology) The study of breasts.


chorioamnionitis

(pathology) Inflammation of the fetal membranes (amnion and chorion) due to a bacterial infection, most often associated with prolonged labour.


melasma

From Latin melasma, from Ancient Greek μέλασμα (mélasma), from μελαίνειν (melaínein, “to blacken”) + -σμα (-sma), from μέλας (mélas, “black”).

(pathology) A tan or dark skin discoloration, particularly common in pregnant women, thought to be caused by the stimulation of melanocytes by estrogen and progesterone.

كَلَف

dark skin discoloration common during pregnancy


orthomyxovirus

Swine influenza is an example of an orthomyxovirus.

(virology) Any RNA virus of Orthomyxoviridae family characterised by having two long glycoprotein spikes.


-uria

From international scientific vocabulary, reflecting a New Latin combining form, Latin -ūria, from Ancient Greek -ουρία (-ouría), from οὖρον (oûron, “urine”).

(pathology) urine; urination; presence in urine (of a substance denoted by a prefixed combining form); state or condition of the urine.

-aemia

blood; presence in blood; state or condition of blood


phosphaturia

(pathology) The presence of phosphate in the urine.


hyperphosphaturia

hyperphosphaturia (usually uncountable, plural hyperphosphaturias)

(pathology) The presence of excessive phosphate in the urine


bradyarrhythmia

bradyarrhythmia (countable and uncountable, plural bradyarrhythmias)

Typical nodal escapes occurring during sinus bradyarrhythmia, and subsequent to a nodal premature systole with retrograde A-V and aberrant ventricular conduction.

1956 May 1, Alfred Pick, “Aberrant Ventricular Conduction of Escaped Beats”, in Circulation:

It is our hypothesis that, since bradyarrhythmia seldom resolves spontaneously, the early decrease in survival represents the deaths of many patients with untreated bradycardia.

1973, Thomas B. Caldwell, Advances in respiratory care and physiology, page 287:

The term bradyarrhythmia should be reserved for any heart rhythm <60 bpm. Bradyarrhythmias may be associated with symptoms such as dizziness, near-syncope or syncope, congestive heart failure, exercise intolerance, fatigue, or a confusion that improves with resolution of the bradycardia.

2012, Eyal Herzog, The Cardiac Care Unit Survival Guide, page 155:

(pathology) A combination of bradycardia and arrhythmia


palilalia

palilalia (usually uncountable, plural palilalias)

(clinical psychology) A complex tic comprising the repetition or echoing of one's own spoken words, which may sound like stuttering.


hyperprolactinemia

hyperprolactinemia (usually uncountable, plural hyperprolactinemias)

hyperprolactinemias (plural)
hyperprolactinaemia (alternative)

Dostinex is used for Parkinson’s in other countries but is approved in this country only for a hormonal disorder, hyperprolactinemia.

2007 January 4, Denise Grady, “Studies Find Harm in 2 Parkinson’s Drugs”, in New York Times:

(pathology) The condition of having abnormally high levels of prolactin in the blood.


hyperpituitarism

(medicine, pathology) The condition caused by excessive secretion of hormones by pituitary tumors.


hypersomnia

hypersomnia (countable and uncountable, plural hypersomnias)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hypersomnia.wav

(medicine, pathology) Excessive sleepiness.


triglyceridemia

triglyceridemia (countable and uncountable, plural triglyceridemias)

(pathology) The presence of triglycerides in the blood


pancytopenia

pancytopenia (countable and uncountable, plural pancytopenias)

(pathology) A reduction in the numbers of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in the blood


bilharzia

bilharzia (countable and uncountable, plural bilharzias)

After the German physician Theodor Bilharz.

After one trip to Uganda, I tested positive for bilharzia, a type of parasitic worm infection carried by freshwater snails.

2020, Louise Curtis with Sarah Johnson, A Nurseʼs Story: My Life in A&E During the Covid Crisis, Pan Books, page 14:

(pathology) The parasitic disease schistosomiasis.


stenotic

en-adj

stenotic (comparative more stenotic, superlative most stenotic)

more stenotic (comparative)
most stenotic (superlative)

(pathology) Of or pertaining to a stenosis


micromelia

en-noun

micromelia (usually uncountable, plural micromelias)

From micro- + Ancient Greek μέλος (mélos, “limb”) + -ia.

(pathology) The condition in which a limb is abnormally shortened.


valvulopathy

(pathology) Any disease or disorder of the valves of the heart


chorioretinitis

(pathology) An inflammation of the choroid and retina of the eye

corioretinite

an inflammation of the choroid and retina of the eye


glycogenosis

glycogenosis (countable and uncountable, plural glycogenoses)

(pathology) A metabolic disorder characterized by the inability to metabolize glycogen properly


insulinoma

insulinoma (plural insulinomas or insulinomata)

insulinomas (plural)
insulinomata (plural)

(medicine, oncology) A tumour of the pancreas that secretes insulin.

insulinoma

a tumour of the pancreas that secretes insulin


hypoacidity

hypoacidity (countable and uncountable, plural hypoacidities)

(pathology) The condition of having less than the normal amount of acidity in the stomach


anisakiasis

(pathology) The disease caused by infection with Anisakis worms (usually through eating raw fish), characterised by violent abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.


stomach flu

stomach flu (usually uncountable, plural stomach flus)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-stomach flu.wav


onychorrhexis

(pathology) fingernail and toenail brittleness and breakage, such as may be due to excessive strong soap and water exposure, nail polish remover, hypothyroidism, anemia, anorexia nervosa or bulimia, or after oral retinoid therapy.


clubroot

clubroot (countable and uncountable, plural clubroots)

Plasmodiophora brassicae
Plasmodiophora brassicae

(phytopathology) A common disease of cabbages, radishes, turnips, and other plants of the Cruciferae, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, in which galls form on latent roots, rendering them clublike.


anhydrovinblastine

(pharmacology, oncology) One of two vinca alkaloids useful in the treatment of cancer.


apophysitis

(pathology) Inflammation of an apophysis, a bony tubercle.


pulmonary edema

pulmonary edema (plural pulmonary edemas)

pulmonary edemas (plural)
pulmonary oedema (alternative)

(pathology) The accumulation of fluid in the tissue of the lungs.


aneurysm

aneurysms (plural)
aneurism (alternative)

From Ancient Greek ἀνεύρυσμα (aneúrusma, “a widening, a dilation”), from ἀνευρύνω (aneurúnō, “to dilate”), from ἀνά (aná, “up”) + εὐρύς (eurús, “wide”).

bor

About 120,000 people were helping with the two-week annual harvest and “obviously you’re going to have some accidents”, he said. Every year, “one or two people” died from heart failure or aneurysms, he added.

2023 September 14, “France investigates deaths of four Champagne workers in heatwave”, in The Guardian, sourced from Agence France-Presse, →ISSN:

(pathology) An abnormal blood-filled swelling of an artery or vein, resulting from a localized weakness in the wall of the vessel.


AIS

en-noun

AIS (countable and uncountable, plural AISs or AISes or AIS's)

AISs (plural)
AISes (plural)
AIS's (plural)

/ˈeɪ ˈaɪ ˈɛs/

androgen insensitivity syndrome
androgen insensitivity syndrome#English

(pathology) Abbreviation of androgen insensitivity syndrome.


chondrosarcoma

chondrosarcoma (plural chondrosarcomas or chondrosarcomata)

chondrosarcomas (plural)
chondrosarcomata (plural)

(oncology) A type of bone cancer, a cartilage-based tumour.


algo-

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἄλγος (álgos).

algo- + -genic → algogenic


anovulation

anovulation (usually uncountable, plural anovulations)


noso-

From Ancient Greek νοσο- (noso-, “disease”), combining form of νόσος (nósos, “disease”).

disease, sickness

2015, “noso-, nos-, nosero-, noser-, -nosia, -nosis, -noses, -nosus, nosema-”, in Robertson's words for a modern age: a dictionary of English vocabulary words derived primarily from Latin and Greek sources, presented individually and in family units, Senior Scribe Publications, retrieved 2015-03-25:


diabetogenic

en-adj

diabetogenic (comparative more diabetogenic, superlative most diabetogenic)

more diabetogenic (comparative)
most diabetogenic (superlative)


progeria

en-noun

progeria (countable and uncountable, plural progerias)

Hutchinson–Gilford syndrome or progeria (derived from pro, before, and geras, old age) is characterized by premature ageing (Fig. 18.1) and the early onset of age-related symptoms such as joint restriction and cerebral and myocardial infarction. Progeria occurs in about one in eight million people (DeBusk, 1972), but the true incidence may be somewhat higher (Sarkar and Shinton, 2001).

2004, E. S. Roach, “18: Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome”, in E. Steve Roach, Van S. Miller, editors, Neurocutaneous Disorders, page 150:

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria is a syndrome commonly characterized by accelerated aging. Children affected by progeria have a life expectancy of approximately 13 years. Progeria results from damage to the LMNA gene that codes for the protein lamin A.

2007, Carie Ann Braun, Cindy Miller Anderson, Pathophysiology: Functional Alterations in Human Health, page 436:

Hutchinson Gilford progeria syndrome (progeria) is a rare childhood disease, affecting 1 in 4 million births worldwide (Hennekam, 2006) and recapitulates certain aspects of the normal aging process at an accelerated rate.

2015, Ingrid A. Harten, Michelle Olive, Thomas N. Wright, “16: Vascular Disease in Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome and Aging: Common Phenotypes and Potential Mechanisms”, in Matt Kaeberlein, George Martin, editors, Handbook of the Biology of Aging, 8th edition, page 434:

(pathology) An extremely rare genetic condition wherein symptoms resembling aspects of aging are manifested at an early age.

早衰症

genetic condition wherein symptoms resembling aging are manifested at an early age

Benjamin Button disease

genetic condition exhibiting symptoms of aging at an early age


tarsalgia

tarsalgia (usually uncountable, plural tarsalgias)

Formerly, I treated old standing tarsalgias with the saw or the chisel, like all other surgeons.

1916, Jean-François Calot, translated by A. H. Robinson, Indispensable orthopaedics: a handbook of treatment, 2nd English edition, volume II, St. Louis: C. V. Mosby Company, translation of original in French, published 1921, page 662:


blastomycosis

blastomycosis (countable and uncountable, plural blastomycoses)

(pathology) A fungal infection caused by the organism Blastomyces dermatitidis, endemic to parts of North America, whose clinical symptoms resemble those of histoplasmosis


soybean rust

(phytopathology) A fungal disease of soybeans and other legumes, caused by Phakopsora spp..


osteoblastoma

(oncology) an uncommon osteoid tissue-forming primary neoplasm of the bone


antitumorigenic

(oncology) Opposing tumorigenesis; serving to counteract the formation of tumors.


hyposmia

From Ancient Greek ὑπο- (hupo-, “under”) + ὀσμή (osmḗ, “smell”), equivalent to hypo- + -osmia.

(pathology) A reduced ability to smell and to detect odors.


osteochondrosis

osteochondrosis (countable and uncountable, plural osteochondroses)

/ˌɒstiːəʊkɒnˈdɹəʊsɪs/

(pathology) A family of orthopedic diseases of the joint that occur in children and in rapidly growing animals, characterized by interruption of the blood supply of a bone, necrosis, and regrowth.


Minamata disease

From Japanese 水俣病 (minamatabyō), literally “Minamata disease”, after Minimata, the Japanese city where the disease was first discovered.

A neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning.


meningioma

meningioma (plural meningiomas or meningiomata)

meningiomas (plural)
meningiomata (plural)

Ellen Wright, 48, was operated on for five hours Tuesday to remove a benign meningioma tumour from the left side of her brain, after Clarke practised on her case.

2009 August 20, Joseph Hall, Toronto Star:

(pathology) A common tumour of the central nervous system, occurring in the meninges, usually benign.


tendinopathy

tendinopathy (countable and uncountable, plural tendinopathies)

Comparable to surface analyses of tendon + -o- + -pathy and tendo- + -pathy but not thus formed; see more at tendinitis § Etymology.

When I read that tendinopathy is thought to be slow to heal, in part because blood flow to tendons is limited, I decided that I was already doing something that might help.

2009 August 20, Gina Kolata, “One Injured Hamstring, a String of Treatments”, in New York Times:


enthesopathy

(pathology) A disorder of entheses (bone attachments).


enthesitis

(pathology) An inflammatory disorder of entheses (bone attachments).


tendinosis

(pathology) Chronic damage to a tendon at a cellular level.


synoviopathy

synoviopathy (countable and uncountable, plural synoviopathies)

(pathology) A disorder of the synovial membrane.


babesiosis

babesiosis (countable and uncountable, plural babesioses)

babesioses (plural)
babesiasis (alternative)

After the discoverer of the protozoa, Victor Babeș: Babesia + -osis.

(pathology) Any of several malaria-like parasitic diseases in humans and other animals caused by Babesia, a genus of protozoa


plexiform

(medicine, pathology) Having the form of a plexus


plexiform

plexiform neurofibroma
plexiform neurofibroma

(medicine, pathology) plexiform neurofibroma


chondrodysplasia

chondrodysplasia (countable and uncountable, plural chondrodysplasias)

(pathology) A genetic disorder characterized by short-limbed dwarfism

condraidiospláise

a genetic disorder characterized by short-limbed dwarfism


paraphasia

/pæɹəˈfeɪ̯ʒə/

/pɛɹəˈfeɪ̯ʒə/

(pathology) A symptom of aphasia in which the sufferer substitutes a spoken word different from the one intended


Peyronie's disease

Named after the French surgeon François Gigot de la Peyronie (1678–1747).

Blomqvist is another blogger, poster and all-round cyber-macher, whose right-angled penis (a function of a weird condition known as Peyronie’s disease) has made him – in his own mind at least – a hot erotic property.

2015, Will Self, ‘Man-Eating Philosophers’, London Review of Books, volume 37, number 12:

A connective tissue disorder involving the growth of fibrous plaques in the soft tissue of the penis, causing abnormal curvature.

François Gigot de la Peyronie
Peyronie's disease


lipodystrophy

lipodystrophy (countable and uncountable, plural lipodystrophies)

2007, Vinaya Simha, Anil K. Agarwal, 18: Inherited and Acquired Lipodystrophies: Disorders of Adipose Tissue Development, Differentiation, and Death, Giamila Fantuzzi, Theodore Mazzone (editors), Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Health and Disease, Springer (Humana Press), page 237,
Among genetic lipodystrophies, the fat loss is observed either since birth as in congenital generalized lipodystrophy, or it occurs later in life as in familial partial lipodystrophy.

HIV-associated lipodystrophy is a syndrome of fat redistribution associated with antiretroviral therapy. Although many of the complications occur most commonly with protease inhibitors, lipodystrophy is associated with all antiretroviral classes.

2007, Joseph Z. Lux, Michael P. Mullen, “Chapter 36: Lipodystrophy, Metabolic Disorders, and Cardiovascular Disorders in Persons with HIV”, in Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, editors, Comprehensive Textbook of AIDS Psychiatry, Oxford University Press, page 529:

2012, Ashton Acton (editor), Lipodystrophy: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional, ScholarlyEditions, 2012 Edition, page 2,
The autosomal recessive congenital generalized lipodystrophy and autosomal dominant familial partial lipodystrophy (FPL) are the two most common types of genetic lipodystrophies.

(pathology) A disorder characterized by abnormal or degenerative conditions of the body's adipose tissue.

lipodystrofia

disorder characterized by abnormality in or degeneration of adipose tissue


argyric

From the Ancient Greek ἀργυρικός (argurikós); compare argyr-.

(pathology) Of, pertaining to, or afflicted with argyria.


anephric

(pathology) Without functioning kidneys.


angiolipoleiomyoma

(pathology) An acquired solitary asymptomatic acral nodule, characterized histologically by well-circumscribed subcutaneous tumours composed of smooth muscle cells, blood vessels, connective tissue, and fat.


polyarthritis

polyarthritis (countable and uncountable, plural polyarthritides)

(pathology) Any arthritis affecting five or more joints, often caused by an autoimmune disorder.


lymphocytosis

lymphocytosis (countable and uncountable, plural lymphocytoses)

In disease of the spleen, especially Banti's disease or fibro-adenia of the spleen, the increase of leukocytes is absent or slight, with no relative lymphocytosis.

1923, International Medical Digest, page 316:

(pathology) An increase in the number or proportion of lymphocytes in the blood.


oligohydramnios

(pathology) A deficit of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac, causing distinctive deformations of the foetus


flail chest

(pathology) A severe injury of the rib cage where fragments of ribs become detached from the rest of the cage.


synechia

synechia (countable and uncountable, plural synechias or synechiae)

From Ancient Greek συνέχεια (sunékheia, “continuity”), from σύν (sún, “with, together”) + ἔχειν (ékhein, “hold”).

der

(pathology) An eye condition in which the iris adheres either to the cornea (anterior synechia) or to the lens (posterior synechia).


Hong Kong foot

→ Thai: ฮ่องกงฟุต (hɔ̂ng-gong-fút)

Calque from Chinese 香港腳／香港脚 (xiānggǎngjiǎo).

(slang, Singapore, Hong Kong, China, pathology) Athlete's foot.


leaf curl

Any of several plant diseases, caused by diverse fungi or viruses, characterized by curling of leaves.


apneic

en-adj

apneic (comparative more apneic, superlative most apneic)

more apneic (comparative)
most apneic (superlative)

Rarely (in cases which trouble us all) our new tools find themselves applied to bodies which in any prior human era would have become apneic in seconds, pulseless in minutes, rigid in hours, and putrid in days[…].

1994 March 11, Donna Bergen, “On Brain Death”, in Chicago Reader:

In three animals, apneic episodes in the second minute of hypoxia necessitated termination of the hypoxic challenge.

2000 September 15, Chris T. Bond et al., “Respiration and Parturition Affected by Conditional Overexpression of the Ca2 -Activated K Channel Subunit, SK3”, in Science, volume 289, number 5486, →DOI, pages 1942–1946:

(pathology) Exhibiting or relating to apnea: no longer breathing


xenogenous

/zɛˈnɒd͡ʒənəs/

(pathology) Caused by a foreign body; originating outside the organism.


pyelonephritis

en-noun

pyelonephritis (countable and uncountable, plural pyelonephritides)

From pyelo- (“relating to the renal pelvis”) + nephritis.

prefix

The urinogenous or ascending nephropathies are divisible into two great groups (a) the hydronephrotic nephropathies and (b) the pyelonephritides.

1913, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, volume 145, page 54:

The frequent spontaneous resolution of cystopyelic reflux after 10 years of age induces to consider at least part of the apparently primary pyelonephritides as secondary to yet disappeared refluxes and, thus, to allocate in this group most of the so-called atrophic pyelonephritides of the young, often monolateral or mostly affecting one kidney, with sterile urine and almost normal urinary sediment.

1991, G. Piccoli, F. Quarello, G. Beltrame, P. Colombo, T. Cammarota, “16: Reflux nephropathy”, in Alberto Amerio, Pasquale Coratelli, Shaul G. Massry, editors, Tubulo-Interstitial Nephropathies: Proceedings of the 4th Bari Seminar in Nephrology, Springer, page 152:

2001, Jeffery Hughes, 12: Infectious Diseases, N. A. Hughes, Clinical Pharmacy, Macmillan Health, 2nd Edition, page 215,
Primary acute pyelonephritis most commonly occurs in females, with 90% of cases caused by Escherichia coli.

The kidneys of acute pyelonephritis have small white abscesses on the subcapsular surface and on cut surfaces.

2009, J. Charles Jennette, “Chapter 16: The Kidney”, in Emanuel Rubin, Howard M. Reisner, editors, Essentials of Rubin's Pathology, Wolters Kluwer Health, page 372:

Pyelonephritis is most commonly encountered in younger, nulliparous women in their second trimester. Women with a history of pyelonephritis, renal calculi or anatomic malformations are particularly susceptible to the development of pyelonephritis and should therefore be regularly screened on a monthly basis throughout pregnancy.

2010, Bhuvan Pathak, “Chapter 29: Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnancy: From Symptomatic Bacteriuria to Pyelonephritis”, in T. Murphy Goodwin, Martin N. Montoro, Laila Muderspach, Richard Paulson, Subir Roy, editors, Management of Common Problems in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 5th edition, Wiley-Blackwell, page 133:

(pathology) An ascending urinary tract infection of the renal pelvis


dysautonomia

autonomic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

(pathology) Any of a range of dysfunctions of the autonomic nervous system


leukemogenesis

en-noun

leukemogenesis (usually uncountable, plural leukemogeneses)

(pathology) The induction and development of leukemia in bone marrow.


barotrauma

barotrauma (countable and uncountable, plural barotraumas)

Of course, one must take care not to inadvertently seal the ear canal with the suction tip, thereby risking "tympanic membrane barotrauma" and possibly sucking out the patient's brains.

1997 September 19, Cecil Adams, “the Straight Dope”, in Chicago Reader:

The timing raised suspicions that the whales had been disoriented by "barotrauma," or pressure injuries to sensitive ear and brain tissues caused by sound waves.

2001 January 26, David Malakoff, “A Roaring Debate Over Ocean Noise”, in Science, volume 291, number 5504, →DOI, pages 576–578:

(pathology) Damage to body tissue caused by a difference in pressure between an air space in or near the body and the surrounding air.

painevaurio

tissue damage caused by air pressure difference


dysbiosis

dysbiosis (countable and uncountable, plural dysbioses)

From Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) and βίωσις (bíōsis, “way of living”); the intended meaning of the compound word is contrasted with symbiosis "a relationship of mutual benefit". By surface analysis, dys- + -biosis.

(pathology) A medical condition caused by microbial imbalances within the body


lipuria

The presence of abnormal amounts of lipids in urine.

lipúria

the abnormal presence of lipids in urine


hamartoma

hamartoma (plural hamartomas or hamartomata)

hamartomas (plural)
hamartomata (plural)

(pathology) A benign mass of disorganized tissue.