read

en-verb

read (third-person singular simple present reads, present participle reading, simple past read, past participle read or (archaic, dialectal) readen)

reads (present singular third-person)
reading (participle present)
read (past)
read (participle past)
readen (archaic dialectal participle past)
read (infinitive)

From Middle English reden, from Old English rǣdan (“to counsel, advise, consult; interpret, read”), from Proto-West Germanic *rādan, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaną (“advise, counsel”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to arrange”).
Cognate with Scots rede, red (“to advise, counsel, decipher, read”), Saterland Frisian räide (“to advise, counsel”), West Frisian riede (“to advise, counsel”), Dutch raden (“to advise; guess”), German raten (“to advise; guess”), Danish råde (“to advise”), Swedish råda (“to advise, counsel”), Persian رده (rade, “to order, to arrange, class”). In West Germanic the verb had a sense “interpret”, which developed further into “interpret letters” in English and “interpret by intuition, guess” on the continent. Compare rede.

cog

(go) To imagine sequences of potential moves and responses without actually placing stones.


reading

en-noun

reading (countable and uncountable, plural readings)

From Middle English reding, redynge, redunge, from Old English rǣding (“reading”), equivalent to read + -ing.

(go, uncountable) The act or process of imagining sequences of potential moves and responses without actually placing stones.

読み

act or process of imagining sequences of moves


eye

eye (plural eyes or (archaic or dialectal) eyen or (archaic) eyne)

eyes (plural)
eyen (archaic dialectal plural)
eyne (archaic plural)

Sranan Tongo: ai

From Middle English eye, eie, yë, eighe, eyghe, yȝe, eyȝe, from Old English ēage (“eye”), from Proto-West Germanic *augā, from Proto-Germanic *augô (“eye”) (compare Scots ee, West Frisian each, Dutch oog, German Auge, Danish øje, Norwegian Bokmål øye, Norwegian Nynorsk auga, Swedish öga), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃okʷ-, *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”).
Other Indo-European cognates include Latin oculus (whence English oculus), Lithuanian akìs, Old Church Slavonic око (oko), Albanian sy, Ancient Greek ὄψ (óps, “(poetic) eye; face”) and ὄσσε (ósse, “eyes”), Armenian ակն (akn), Avestan 𐬀𐬱𐬌 (aši, “eyes”), Sanskrit अक्षि (ákṣi). Related to ogle.
The uncommon plural form eyen is from Middle English eyen, from Old English ēaġan, nominative and accusative plural of ēaġe (“eye”).

cog

an eye for an eye makes the whole world blind

better than a poke in the eye with a burnt stick

better than a poke in the eye with a rusty nail

better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick

better than a poke in the eye with a shitty stick

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing

it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God

it's all fun and games until someone loses an eye

(go) An empty point or group of points surrounded by one player's stones.


ko

Black gets an easy game by just filling the ko.

(go) A local shape to which the ko rule applies; a ko shape.

Black wins the ko easily.

Black recaptures the ko and white has to find another ko threat.

(go) a stone in a ko in atari, a ko stone


geta

(go) A technique for capturing stones by enclosing them in a “net” preventing them from escaping in any direction.


ladder

From Middle English ladder, laddre, from Old English hlǣder, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaidriju, from Proto-Germanic *hlaidrijō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlóydʰrom, from *ḱley- (“to lean”).
Compare Scots ledder, North Frisian ladder, Saterland Frisian Laadere, West Frisian ljedder, Dutch ladder, leer, German Leiter); also Old Irish clithar (“hedge”), Umbrian 𐌊𐌋𐌄𐌈𐌓𐌀𐌌 (kleθram, “stretcher”)). See lean, which is related to lid.

The form of a man was seen to enter, and both the females rushed up the ladder, as if equally afraid of the consequences. The stranger secured the door, and first examining the lower room with great care, he cautiously ascended the ladder.

1851, J[ames] Fenimore Cooper, “Chapter XXIII”, in The Pathfinder; or, The Inland Sea … Complete in One Volume. Revised and Corrected, with a New Introduction, Notes, &c., by the Author (The Leather-stocking Tales; III), rev. edition, New York, N.Y.: George P[almer] Putnam, 155 Broadway, →OCLC, page 411:

Ladders are heavy and unwieldy. Handle them properly to avoid damaging property and to make sure you don't injure yourself. Carry a ladder upright, not slung across your shoulder. Hold the ladder vertically, bend your knees slightly, then rock the ladder back against your shoulder. Grip one rung lower down while you support the ladder at head height with your other hand, and then straighten your knees.

2009, Albert Jackson, David Day, Popular Mechanics Complete Home How-To, rev. edition, New York, N.Y.: Hearst Books, Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., →ISBN, page 31:

And why wouldn't I just turn around, not take a chance on the bad luck of walking under a ladder? Because, beyond it, there was Pluckie. My little dog was leashed to a bush, lunging and barking. If the leash came loose, her lunge could send her tumbling down the mountainside.

2014, Linda O. Johnston, Lost under a Ladder, Woodbury, Minn.: Midnight Ink, Llewellyn Worldwide, →ISBN:

A frame, usually portable, of wood, metal, or rope, used for ascent and descent, consisting of two side pieces to which are fastened rungs (cross strips or rounds acting as steps).

Many publicly held companies do have good working conditions, but they often employ mostly high-wage workers or offer different levels of working conditions and benefits to management employees than to workers at the bottom of the ladder.

2010, Jody Heymann, Magda Barrera, Profit at the Bottom of the Ladder: Creating Value by Investing in Your Workforce, Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business Press, →ISBN, page 6:

(figuratively) The hierarchy or ranking system within an organization, such as the corporate ladder.

leer

the hierarchy or ranking system within an organization

Proposed Standard of Needlework to be required from Pupil-teachers at the Yearly Visits of Her Majesty's Inspectors. […] Darning Stockings.—To show a hole darned, and a thin place "run" (or strengthened), and a ladder properly taken up in a coarse worsted stocking.

1875, Report of the Committee of Council on Education (England and Wales); with Appendix. 1874–75. Report, and Parts I. to IV. of Appendix. Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty. (Reports from Commissioners, Inspectors, and Others: Twenty-seven Volumes; XXIV), volume X (Education), London: Printed by George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode, printers to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, for Her Majesty's Stationery Office, →OCLC, page 54:

You've got a huge ladder in your stockings. I've got a spare pair in my bag, come to the Ladies and you can change.

2008, Åsa Larsson, translated by Marlaine Delargy, The Black Path, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Dell, →ISBN:

(chiefly British) A length of unravelled fabric in a knitted garment, especially in nylon stockings; a run.

leer

The most dramatic introduction to the idea of how stones relate to each other over distance is how players react when a ladder (shicho, "she-ko"^([sic]) in Japanese) [シチョウ (shichō)] develops. […] Ouch! This is finding out about the ladder, which is called that because of the steplike shape that the defending stones are forced into.

2003, Peter Shotwell, Go! More Than a Game, Boston, Mass.: Tuttle Publishing, →ISBN:

In the game of go, a sequence of moves following a zigzag pattern and ultimately leading to the capture of the attacked stones.


ladder

en-verb

ladder (third-person singular simple present ladders, present participle laddering, simple past and past participle laddered)

ladders (present singular third-person)
laddering (participle present)
laddered (participle past)
laddered (past)

For eighteen minutes Revenge pounded the dockyard area at an average range of 15,700 yards, spreading for line and laddering for range to a prearranged plan to cover the whole target area.

2007, Peter Smith, Naval Warfare in the English Channel: 1939-1945, page 134:

Laddering made it possible to get a few hits on a fast-moving, often manoeuvring, target.

2014, Norman Friedman, Naval Anti-Aircraft Guns & Gunnery:

(UK, naval slang) To close in on a target with successive salvos, increasing or decreasing the shot range as necessary.

offences to be taken into consideration
offence to be taken into consideration

(UK, law enforcement, of a police officer) To corruptly coerce a convicted offender to admit to offences to be taken into consideration which they do not actually believe they committed, as a way to artificially increase the rate of solved crimes.


liberty

en-noun

liberty (countable and uncountable, plural liberties)

From Middle English liberte, from Old French liberté, from Latin libertas (“freedom”), from liber (“free”); see liberal.

(go) An empty space next to a group of stones of the same color.


probe

For verb: borrowed from Latin probare (“to test, examine, prove”), from probus (“good”). Doublet of prove.
For noun: borrowed from Late Latin proba (“a proof”), from probare (“to test, examine, prove”); Doublet of proof. Compare Spanish tienta (“a surgeon's probe”), from tentar (“try, test”); see tempt.

сонда

any of various medical instruments used to explore wounds, organs, etc

(go) a move with multiple answers seeking to make the opponent choose and commit to a strategy


aji

(go) The ‘flavour’ of a position, i.e. the extent to which it has lingering possibilities such as bad aji which may not be exploitable when they first arise yet still influence further play; good aji generally means there are few weaknesses.


atari

en-noun

atari (plural atari or ataris or ataries)

atari (plural)
ataris (plural)
ataries (plural)

In situations like this, beginners often make the mistake of giving an atari, which strengthens only the opponent.

1990 May 25, Jonathan Buss, “Watanabe vs Buss, moves 15-17”, in rec.games.go (Usenet):

... White responds with an atari of her own ...

2003, Peter Shotwell, Go! More Than a Game:

The important thing to note is that playing the simple atari first fails ...

(go) A move that threatens the immediate capture of one or more stones.


seki

(go) In the game of Go, a state of impasse where neither player can benefit from playing in a location


komi

(go) Bonus points given to the white player to compensate for the fact that black plays first.


joseki

From Japanese 定石 (jōseki), literally 定 set + 石 stone.

(go) A studied and standardized sequence of moves in game of Go, especially at a corner of the board, in the opening phase of a game. Joseki have a variety of outcomes and can be beneficial or detrimental based on the situation. However, Joseki theoretically include the best moves locally for each player.

定式

a studied and standardized sequence of moves in game of Go


tengen

Opening at tengen is a sound strategy on a 9x9 board, but considered experimental in standard 19x19 Go.


reverse komi

(go) Bonus points given to the black player as a form of handicap to the white player, the reverse of komi.


bad aji

From bad and Japanese 味 (aji), or perhaps directly from the Japanese expression 味が悪い (aji ga warui), literally “the flavour is bad”, i.e. “there is bad aji”.

(go) A lingering weakness in a player’s position in some part of the board, which may trouble them, especially by facilitating a later attack, by hampering their play there or by the effort required to repair it.


tenuki

(go, shogi) playing elsewhere; ignoring the opponent's last move.


go stone

go stone (countable and uncountable, plural go stones)

the black and white stones used in the game of Go


fuseki

(go) The arraying of stones in the opening, preparing to build groups of stones.