Haunebu

It has been suggested that the Haunebu, an “ethnic” name known from most periods, were a partly assimilated group living in this environment and reported in recognizable form only in Classical texts.

1996, John Baines, Jerrold S. Cooper, Glenn M. Schwartz, editors, The Study of the Ancient Near East in the Twenty-First Century: The William Foxwell Albright Centennial Conference, Eisenbrauns, page 362:

He studied ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic records and in Atlantis of the North (New York, Van Norstrand Reinhold Company, 1980) he discussed the mystery of the Haunebu or North People. The Haunebu were mentioned in texts dating to 2400 B.C.

1997, Jon Douglas Singer, Lost lands and cities beneath the sea: legends, folklore, and facts of the North Atlantic, page 5:

They were called Haunebu, and a treasurer of the Eleventh Dynasty, whose duty was the maintenance of safe frontier ports, boasts of himself as one “who quells the Haunebu.”

2003, James Henry Breasted, History of Egypt from the Earliest Time to the Persian Conquest, Kessinger Publishing, page 188:

(Egyptology, plural "Haunebu") A member of a people from the Aegean Sea.


Euryale

Ancient Greek Εὐρυάλη (Euruálē, literally “far-roaming”).

uder

(Greek mythology) The second eldest of the gorgons.


Olympiad

Hadrian
International Mathematical Olympiad
Olympiad
Summer Olympics
Winter Olympics
inclusive counting

From the plural forms Olimpiades, Olympiades, and Olympiadiz of Middle English Olimpias and Olympias (“ancient Olympic Games, 4-year period between these games, intense battle or competition”) from Middle French Olympiade and Old French Olympiade (“ancient Olympic games, 4-year period between these games”), from Latin Olympias (“4-year period between Olympic Games”) whose genitive form was Olympiados or Olympiadis), from Ancient Greek Ὀλυμπῐᾰ́ς (Olumpĭắs, “ancient Olympic Games, 4-year period between these games”) whose plural form was Ὀλυμπῐᾰ́δες (Olumpĭắdes), from Ὀλυμπῐ́ᾱ (Olumpĭ́ā, “Olympia”), the town in ancient Greece where the games were held, + -ᾰ́ς (-ắs, a suffix forming feminine adjectives or nouns), from either Ὀλῠ́μπῐος (Olŭ́mpĭos, “of or related to Mount Olympus, Olympian, the Olympian Zeus”) or Ὄλῠμπος (Ólŭmpos, “Mount Olympus”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns).
The use of olympiad for academic competitions aspiring to the level of the Olympic Games was first popularized by the International Mathematical Olympiad, a calque of its Romanian name Olimpiada Internațională de Matematică.

Olimpiade

period between celebrations of the ancient or modern Olympic Games

olympiade

celebration of the ancient or modern Olympic Games

olympiad

alternative case, typically in generic uses

Ancient sources variously dated the founding of Rome to the 38th year before the first Olympiad, the third or fourth year of the sixth Olympiad, the first year of the seventh or eighth Olympiad, or the fourth year of the 12th Olympiad.

Now was bright Hero weary of the day,
Thought an Olympiad in Leanders ſtay.

1598, George Chapman, “Fifth Sestyad”, in Christopher Marlo[w]e, George Chapman, Hero and Leander: […], London: […] A[ugustine] M[atthews] for Richard Hawkins: […], published 1629, →OCLC:

Olympiad. 42. about the yeare of Rome 142. ſhee [the planet Venus] is bigger then all the other ſtarres, and ſo cleare that (ſome-times) her beames make a ſhadowe.

1610, Saint Augustine, “Of Certaine Starres that the Pagans Call Their Gods”, in J[ohn] H[ealey], transl., St. Augustine, of the Citie of God: […], [London]: […] George Eld, →OCLC, book VII, page 274:

Now therefore ſeeing that the firſt yeare of Cyrus his Monarchie (which was the laſt of the ſixtieth Olympiad, and the two hundredth and fortieth yeare from the inſtitution of thoſe games by Iphitus) followed the laſt of the ſeuentie yeares, of the captiuitie of Iuda, and deſolation of the Land of Iſrael; manifeſt it is, that we muſt reckon back thoſe ſeuentie yeares, and one hundred threeſcore and ten yeares more, the laſt which paſſed vnder the Kings of Iuda, to finde the firſt of theſe Olympiads; which by this accompt is the one and fiftieth of Vzzia, as wee haue alreadie noted.

1614, Walter Ralegh [i.e., Walter Raleigh], “Of Vzzia”, in The Historie of the World […], London: […] William Stansby for Walter Burre, […], →OCLC, 1st book, §. V (Of the Olympiads, and the Time when They Beganne), page 576:

The moſt Antient and Renowned Epoch uſed by the Heathens is that of the Olympiads or Olympick Games, which were inſtituted by one Iphitus, in the Fields of Olympia, a City or Town of the Region Elis in the Peloponneſe; and which laſt whereof fell on the Full Moon, which was the next after the Summer Solſtice. Theſe Games were celebrated every four Years, that is, there were three Years between the Years wherein the next preceding and the next following Olympiad was celebrated. Hence by a compleat Olympiad, is denoted the Space of four Years; the Year wherein the Olympiad was celebrated, being ſtiled the firſt Year of the ſaid Olympiad, and ſo on.

1736, Edward Wells, “Of Epoch’s or Æra’s; and Especially of the Æra of Year of Christ, the Æra of the Olympiads, and the Æra of the Building of Rome”, in The Young Gentleman’s Astronomy, Chronology, and Dialling, […], 4th edition, London: […] James, John, and Paul Knapton, […], →OCLC, paragraph 4, pages 64–65:

When he was fourteen, he went to work on the starcher. […] It marked an era. It was a machine Olympiad, a thing to date from.

1911 January, Jack London, “The Apostate”, in When God Laughs and Other Stories, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, page 55:

The Games of the XXXII Olympiad is going ahead in Tokyo a year late, despite concerns about coronavirus. […] The International Olympic Committee (IOC) and Japanese government are pressing ahead with the XXXII Olympiad after it was delayed last summer – albeit in a very different manner from usual.

2021 July 12, Natalie Merchant, “Explainer: The Tokyo Olympics by Numbers”, in World Economic Forum, archived from the original on 2021-08-02:

Emperor Naruhito was caught in a conundrum when it came to wording in his speech in Japanese to declare the 2020 Tokyo Olympics open during the July 23 Opening Ceremony at the National Stadium. […] The official English version for the Tokyo Olympics was: "I declare open the Games of Tokyo celebrating the 32nd Olympiad of the modern era." […] Following discussions among central government officials and the Tokyo Olympic organizing committee, it was decided to allow Naruhito to use "kinensuru" for celebrating. The term has more of a nuance of marking or commemorating an important occasion.

2021 July 24, Tatsuro Sugiura, “Emperor in bind over use of ‘celebrate’ for Tokyo Olympiad”, in The Asahi Shimbun, Osaka: The Asahi Shimbun Company, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-07-30:

A four-year period, particularly (historical) those based on Hippias's computations of the ancient Olympic Games which placed Coroebus's footrace victory in 776 BCE and (sports) those based on the modern Summer Olympic Games first held in 1896.

Victors at the ancient Olympiads only won an olive wreath but were usually freed from paying taxes for the remainder of their life, but modern Olympians have frequently needed to pay taxes on the market value of their gold, silver, or bronze medals.

It was their [the priests of Jupiter Olympius's] Buſineſs, alſo not only to regiſter the Names of the Victors in the ſeveral Games, with other Matters relating to them, but alſo whatever occurr'd remarkable, during the Intervals between the Celebration of every Olympiad.

1707, Thomas Hind, “Book II. The Second Period, from the Taking of Troy, to the Battle of Marathon, Containing the Space of 700 Years.”, in The History of Greece. […], London: […] S. and J. Sprint, A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, Tim[othy] Childe, and Rob[ert] Knaplock, →OCLC, page 124:

Strabo […] makes Corœbus the firſt Victor at the firſt Olympiad of Iphitus; who, he ſaies, was the Reſtorer of them. This Olympiad was in the Year before Chriſt 776.

1752, John Jackson, “Of the Origin and Æra of Oracles. [Of the Institution of the Olympic Games.]”, in Chronological Antiquities: Or, The Antiquities and Chronology of the Most Ancient Kingdoms, from the Creation of the World, for the Space of Five Thousand Years. […], volume III, London: Printed for the author; and sold by J. Noon, […], →OCLC, page 340:

The noble and free citizens of Epidaphne being, as they declare, well satisfied of the faith, valor, wisdom, and divinity of their king, […] do think it no more than their duty to invest his brows (in addition to the poetic crown) with the wreath of victory in the foot race—a wreath which it is evident he must obtain at the celebration of the next Olympiad, and which, therefore, they now give him in advance.

1840, Edgar A[llan] Poe, “Epimanes”, in Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque, volume II, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea and Blanchard, published 1840, →OCLC, pages 16–17:

After the distribution of the prizes, the athletes formed for the traditional procession around the Stadion. Louës [i.e., Spyridon Louis], the victor of Marathon, came first, bearing the Greek flag; then the Americans, the Hungarians, the French, the Germans. […] The king announced that the first Olympiad was at an end, and left the Stadion, the band playing the Greek national hymn, and the crowd cheering.

1896 November, Pierre de Coubertin, “The Olympic Games of 1896. […]”, in The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine, volume XXXI (New Series; volume LIII overall), number 1, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co.; London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd., →OCLC, page 50:

[I]t is the intention of the management of the exposition to make the Olympiad of 1904 the greatest ever held. The first of these modern Olympiads—which are the reproduction of the famous games of Ancient Greece—was held at Athens in 1896, when an American astonished the world by winning the discus-throwing championship. […] The representatives of athletics in America propose that nothing shall be left undone to make this first American Olympiad a phenomenal success.

1903 November 20, “Olympic Games”, in Message from the President of the United States, Transmitting a Statement Showing the Receipts and Disbursements of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company from Date of Incorporation to September 30, 1903, together with a Report Submitted by the Exposition Company Showing Progress Made by the Various Departments of the Exposition (58th Congress, 1st Session, document no. 12), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 58:

1950 marks the twilight of one of the greatest eras of California crew history. Many of the graduating crew men were in the jayvee Poughkeepsie winning boat in 1947; the next year these same men rowed to the eight-oared championship in the 14th Olympiad in England.

1950, “[Athletics] 1950 Varsity”, in Blue and Gold 1950, volume 77, Berkeley, Calif.: Associated Students of the University of California, →OCLC, page 234:

(sports, sometimes proscribed) Synonym of Olympic Games: an instance of the ancient or modern Olympic Games.

Olympic Games

the International Mathematical Olympiad... the Science Olympiad... the International Science Olympiads... the Women's Chess Olympiad...

The Junior Olympiad track and field meet was a major special event with 276 entrants.

1943 November, Margaret King, “Southwest District Association News [California]”, in Mary Wibel, editor, The Journal of Health and Physical Education, volume 14, number 9, Washington, D.C.: American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, →OCLC, page 492, column 1:

Selected competitively from more than 400,000 high school students to represent the United States in the 19th International Mathematical Olympiad in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, July 5–6, an 8-man team emerged victorious over teams from 20 other nations. […] Credited with developing the International Mathematics Olympiad in 1959 is Rumania, the winner that year in competition with Bulgaria, Czechosolvakia, Poland, German Democratic Republic, and Soviet Union. […] The idea of a U.S. Mathematical Olympiad was spawned in 1971 when Prof. Nura D. Turner of SUNY (State University of New York), Albany, authored an article in the American Mathematical Monthly that led in 1972 to the USA Mathematical Olympiad.

1977 May–July, “USA Team Wins over 20 Nations”, in Clarence T. Smith, editor, Army Research and Development, volume 18, number 3, Alexandria, Va.: Development and Engineering Directorate, HQ. U.S. Army Materiel Development and Readiness Command, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 29, column 2:

[…] Kent Howerton led dominance of the initial Motorcycle Olympiad by AMA professional moto-crossers. […] The fans dug it, the bike press agreed, and the Second Annual Motorcycle Olympiad will be held September 16–17 at Saddleback Park in Orange, California. More on the Olympiad in future issues.

1978 June, “Olympiad Set for Second Go”, in Bill Amick, editor, American Motorcyclist, volume 32, number 6, Westerville, Oh.: American Motorcyclist Association, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 34, column 3:

The Prize distribution ceremony of the First National Science Olympiad was held at National Museum Auditorium, New Delhi on October 18. […] The Second National Science Olympiad will be conducted on 28th January 2000.

1999 December, “Miscellaneous”, in Mahendra Jain, editor, Competition Science Vision, volume 2, number 22, Agra, Uttar Pradesh: Mahendra Jain for M/s Pratiyogita Darpan, →OCLC, page 1266, columns 2–3:

The FIDE Online Chess Olympiad 2021 will be held between August 13 to September 15, the International Chess Federation (FIDE) announced. Each national federation intending to take part in the Online Olympiad shall confirm its participation by July 31, it said.

2021 July 14, “Second Online Chess Olympiad from August 13, says FIDE”, in The Times of India, Mumbai, Maharashtra: The Times Group, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-08-06:

(by extension, usually preceded by descriptive words) A competition aspiring to the importance of the Olympic Games or considered similar to them, especially one occurring at 4-year intervals, representing a national or international range of amateur student rather than professional adult competition, and/or requiring the highest level of ability in the field for success.

奧林匹克 /奥林匹克

high-level competitions in other fields, especially among students


Gatha

Transliteration of Avestan 𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬁 (gāθā). Doublet of gatha.

(Zoroastrianism) Any of the 17 hymns included in the Avesta believed to have been composed by Zoroaster himself.

Գաթա

any of the 17 hymns included in the Avesta believed to have been composed


Hayasa

Learned borrowing from Hittite [script needed] (Ḫayaša). The name has been compared to the ethnonym of Armenians — հայ (hay). Martirosyan derives it from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éyos (“metal”), thus "land abounding in metal".

lbor

An ancient Bronze Age kingdom mentioned in Hittite inscriptions of 16–13th centuries BC, located in northern Anatolia.


limoniad

Latin limoniades, plural, Ancient Greek λειμωνιάδες (leimōniádes), from λειμών (leimṓn, “meadow”).


hieromnemon

en-noun

hieromnemon (plural hieromnemons or hieromnemones)

hieromnemons (plural)
hieromnemones (plural)

From Ancient Greek ἱερομνήμων (hieromnḗmōn), from ἱερός (hierós, “sacred”) + μνήμων (mnḗmōn, “mindful, remembering”, from μνήμη (mnḗmē)).

(historical, Ancient Greece) The sacred secretary or recorder sent by each state belonging to the Amphictyonic Council, along with the deputy or minister.


Anchises

Ancient Greek Ἀγχίσης (Ankhísēs), via Latin Anchises.

A mythical Trojan elder in the Iliad and the Aeneid, father of Aeneas.


Cabeiri

(Greek mythology) A group of enigmatic chthonic deities worshipped by a mystery cult closely associated with that of Hephaestus.


didrachma

didrachma (plural didrachmas or didrachmae or didrachmai)

didrachmas (plural)
didrachmae (plural)
didrachmai (plural)

An Ancient Greek silver coin worth two drachmas.


Cumae

An Ancient Greek, and then Roman, settlement near Naples famed for its sibyl.


Ææa

Hence she is not merely the personification of the rosy morn, but also of twilight, for which reason her palace is placed in the west, on the island Ææa.

19th century, Unknown, Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome, page 67:

(Greek mythology) Archaic form of Aeaea.


Andromache

From Latin Andromachē, from Ancient Greek Ἀνδρομάχη (Andromákhē).


Anemoi

(Greek mythology) The four Greek gods of the winds (Boreas, Notus, Eurus, and Zephyrus, who were each ascribed a cardinal direction from which their respective winds came), considered collectively.


Astra Planeta

(Greek mythology) The five Greek gods of the "Wandering Stars", (i.e. "planets"), (Phaenon (Saturn), Phaethon (Jupiter), Pyroeis (Mars), Eosphorus/Hesperus (Venus), and Stilbon (Mercury). They were the sons of the Eos (goddess of the dawn) and Astraeus (god of the dusk), and their siblings were the four Anemoi ("winds").


Atreid

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀτρείδης (Atreídēs).

bor+

Ancient tradition said that Mycenae was founded by the Perseid dynasty and that the Atreids (Pelops, Atreus, Agamemnon) were outsiders.

1998, Michael Wood, In Search of the Trojan War, page 157:

While in the Oresteia sacrifice operated as a metaphor for the intrafamilial murders of the Atreids, among the Taurians the metaphor takes on materiality.

1999, Barbara Goff, “The Violence of Community: Ritual in the Iphigenia in Tauris”, in Mark William Padilla, editor, Rites of Passage in Ancient Greece: Literature, Religion, Society, page 112:

The family history of the Atreids is so complicated you'd need a flow chart to get it; what's more, that chart would flow with the blood of doomed family members. Situated in Mycenae, the Atreids were a brutal and competitive bunch; they worked hard to outdo each other with generation after generation of heinous crimes.

2010, Chiron the Centaur, The Mythic Warrior's Handbook, page 28:

(Greek mythology) Any of the family and descendants of the mythical Mycenaean king Atreus, including either of his sons Menelaus and Agamemnon, who both feature in the Iliad.


branchid

(Ancient Greece) Any member of the Branchidae, a family of priests who had charge of the Ionian sanctuary of Didyma before it was destroyed by the Persians.


eumolpid

en-noun

eumolpid (plural eumolpids or eumolpidae)

From Ancient Greek Εὐμολπίδης (Eumolpídēs), said to be after an ancestor named Εὔμολπος (Eúmolpos), though perhaps instead from εὔμολπος (eúmolpos, “sweetly singing”) from εὐ- (eu-, “good, well”) + μέλπω (mélpō, “celebrate with song and dance”).

Eleusinian Mysteries
Eleusinian Mysteries

a member of the hereditary priesthood of the Eleusinian Mysteries in Ancient Greece


heracleid

(Greek mythology) Any member of the Heracleidae, the descendants of Hercules.


Heraclid

(Greek mythology) One of the Heracleidae, or descendants of Heracles.


Iamid

Iamid (plural Iamids or Iamidai or Iamidae)

Iamids (plural)
Iamidai (plural)
Iamidae (plural)

(Ancient Greece) A member of an Olympian dynasty, the "house of Iamus", an extended family of seers.


neleid

(Greek mythology) Any member of the Neleidae, the descendants of Neleus.


tyndarid

From Ancient Greek Τυνδαρίδας (Tundarídas).

(Greek mythology) One of the twins Castor and Pollux, sons of Tyndareus


Menae

(Greek mythology) The 50 goddesses of the lunar months within a four-year Olympiad. They were the daughters of the Moon goddess, Selene, and her lover, Endymion, a mortal king. Their individual names are not attested in any sources. Singular: Mene.


Mediolanum

/ˌmɛdiəʊˈlɑːnəm/

mā'dēōläʹnəm

Borrowed from Latin Mediolānum, of uncertain Gaulish origin. Doublet of Milan.

(historical) The city of Milan in the era of Ancient Rome.


Phlegethon

/ˈflɛd͡ʒɪθɒn/

/ˈflɛd͡ʒɪθɑn/

From Latin Phlegethōn, from Ancient Greek Φλεγέθων (Phlegéthōn).

Firebrand of hell first tynd in Phlegeton, / By thousand furies, and from thence out throwen / Into this world, to worke confusion, / And set it all on fire by force vnknowen / Is wicked discord [...].

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

Consumed by the tongues ov fire / burning like Phlegethon / holy gardens reduced to ash

(Greek mythology) A river of fire in Hades.


Lernean

(Greek mythology, archaeology) From or pertaining to Lerna, a former coastal lake and Helladic site on the Peloponnese.


Althean

Of, descending from, pertaining to or resembling the mythological Althea.


Good

* As an English surname, from the adjective good.
* Also as an English surname, from the personal name Gōde, which represents the first part of names such as Godfrey, Gottfried, etc.
* As a German surname, Americanized from Gut, Guth.
* As a Dutch surname, Americanized from Goed, Goede.

Hampshire County
Hampshire County#English

An unincorporated community in Hampshire County, West Virginia.


Salamis

(Greek mythology) A nymph, the daughter of Asopus and Metope, who was carried away by Poseidon to the island that bears her name.


Upper Egypt

(Egyptology) The part of Ancient Egypt south of Memphis, so named because the Nile flows south to north.


Lower Egypt

Coordinate term: Upper Egypt

(Egyptology) The half of Ancient Egypt north of Memphis, the Nile Delta, so named because the Nile flows South to North.


culeus

From Latin culeus (“large leather sack, punishment of drowning within a sack, unit of bulk liquid measure”), from Ancient Greek κολεός (koleós, “sheath”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”). Doublet of cullion and cojones.

bor

(historical) A Roman unit of liquid measure reckoned as the volume of 1600 Roman pounds of wine and equivalent to about 520 L although differing slightly over time.

(historical, law) A Roman punishment—chiefly for parricide—involving blindfolding, beating, confinement to a leather sack, and drowning in a river or sea.


porphyrogenite

/ˌpɔːfəˈɹɒd͡ʒɪˌnaɪt/

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin porphyrogenitus, from Ancient Greek πορφυρογέννητος (porphurogénnētos, literally “born in the purple”).

der

πορφυρογέννητος

Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire#English

Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus
w:Constantine VII

(historical) An honorific title given to a son of a reigning emperor in the Byzantine Empire, notably borne by Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus.


Achelous

From Latin Achelōus, from Attic Greek Ἀχελῷος (Akhelôios), Epic Greek Ἀχελώϊος (Akhelṓïos), which is probably from Akkadian aḫu/aḫû + illu/elu/ilu; see also Etruscan [script needed] (Axlei) and [script needed] (Αυκηλως), which are probably from Akkadian aklu (“chieftain”) and Sumerian akil.

(Greek mythology) Deity of water; later, patron deity of the Achelous River.


Aether

From Ancient Greek αἰθήρ (aithḗr, “upper air”). Doublet of Ether.

(Greek mythology) One of the Greek primordial deities who was the personification of light, brother-husband of Hemera and grandson of Chaos.


Min

From Egyptian R22:R12-C8 mnw (literally “established one”), passive participle of mn:n-Y1V mn (“to establish”).

An Ancient Egyptian god of fertility and procreation.


Hemera

(Greek mythology) The personification and elemental goddess of the day. Her husband is Aether.


Pax

(Greek mythology) The goddess/personification of peace and one of the Horae. She is a daughter of Zeus and Themis, and her sisters are Justitia and Eunomia. She is the Roman counterpart of Eirene.


Macaria

From Ancient Greek Μακαρία (Makaría, literally “she who is blessed”).

bor

(Greek mythology) The goddess of the blessed dead, who go to the Elysian Fields.

(Greek mythology) A daughter of Heracles/Hercules.


Melinoe

(Greek mythology) An obscure figure, a daughter of Persephone and Zeus, or a daughter of Hades and Persephone, represented as a bringer of nightmares and madness.


Mania

From Latin Mania, related to manes (“spirits of the dead”).

(Roman mythology) The goddess of the dead and ghosts.


Procris

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πρόκρις (Prókris).

(Greek mythology) In Ancient Greek mythology, the daughter of Erechtheus, king of Athens, and his wife Praxithea.


catepan

From Byzantine Greek κατεπάνω (katepánō, literally “[the one] placed at the top, or the topmost”).

der

􂀿the one􂁀 placed at the top, or the topmost

(historical) The governor of a catepanate such as the Catepanate of Italy, a Byzantine province.


Samnite

(historical, Ancient Rome) A Roman gladiator armed with shield, sleeve on right arm, helmet, shoulder-piece, and greave.


cotyla

From Latin cotyla, from Ancient Greek κοτύλη (kotúlē, “cup, half-pint”).

Alternative form of cotyle (“in all senses”)


Iacchus

(Greek mythology) A minor deity of some cultic importance, particularly at Athens and Eleusis in connection with the Eleusinian mysteries.


Stygian

en-adj

Stygian (comparative more Stygian, superlative most Stygian)

more Stygian (comparative)
most Stygian (superlative)

(Greek mythology) Of, by or relating to the river Styx in Greek mythology.


Priapean

Priapean (comparative more Priapean, superlative most Priapean)

more Priapean (comparative)
most Priapean (superlative)

Πρίαπος Πρίαπος

(Greek mythology) Of or relating to Priapus or Priapos (Ancient Greek: Πρίαπος), a minor rustic fertility god, protector of livestock, fruit plants, gardens, and male genitalia.


Guebre

Borrowed from French guèbre, from Ottoman Turkish گبر (gebr), from Persian گبر (gabr).


Hippocrene

Ancient Greek Ἱπποκρήνη (Hippokrḗnē, literally “horse spring”)

uder

O for a beaker full of the warm South, / Full of the true, the blushful Hippocrene, / With beaded bubbles winking at the brim, / And purple-stained mouth; […]

1819, John Keats, “Ode to a Nightingale”, in Lamia, Isabella, the Eve of St. Agnes, and Other Poems, London: […] [Thomas Davison] for Taylor and Hessey, […], published 1820, →OCLC, stanza 2, page 108:

Maddening draughts of Hippocrene.

1842, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Goblet of Life:

(Greek mythology) A fountain on Mount Helicon, sacred to the Muses and formed by the hooves of Pegasus, the waters of which were supposed to give poetic inspiration when imbibed.


Amun

From Coptic ⲁⲙⲟⲩⲛ (amoun), from Egyptian jmn (“the god Amun”). The variant forms Ammon and Amon are from Ancient Greek Ἄμμων (Ámmōn), from the same Egyptian source. The variant Amen is from Ȧmen, Lepsius’s obsolete 19th century transcription of the original Egyptian word.

The hornèd patriarch of the sheep,
 Like Egypt's Amun roused from sleep,
 Shook his sage head with gesture mute,
 And emphasized with stamp of foot.

1866, John G. Whittier, Snow-Bound: A Winter Idyl:

(Egyptian mythology) An Egyptian wind deity associated with the town of Thebes; later (post-16th century BCE) the creator deity, often depicted with curling ram horns.


Cocytus

From Latin Cōcȳtus, from Ancient Greek Κωκυτός (Kōkutós, “lamentation”).

By the Stigiall flode, / And the stremes wode / Of Cochitos bottumles well; […]

1523, John Skelton, A ryght delectable tratyse upon a goodly Garlande or Chapelet of Laurell; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, →OCLC, page 349, lines 1327–1329:

All theſe Cocytus bounds vvith ſqualid Reeds, / VVith Muddy Ditches, and vvith deadly VVeeds: […]

1697, Virgil, “The Fourth Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 143, lines 686–687:

A river of the underworld in Greek mythology.


Deianira

/ˌdiːəˈnaɪəɹə/

/ˌdeɪ.əˈnaɪəɹə/

From Latin Dēianīra, from Ancient Greek Δῃάνειρα (Dēiáneira, literally “hostile to her husband”).

der

(Greek mythology) The third wife of Heracles.


Deidamia

From Ancient Greek Δηϊδάμεια (Dēïdámeia).

(Greek mythology) the daughter of King Lycomedes of Scyros


Phlegyas

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Φλεγύας (Phlegúas).


fire temple

A Zoroastrian place of worship, where fire is kindled.


Semele

(Greek mythology) The mother of Dionysus.


Bennu

Borrowing from Egyptian bnw. Doublet of phoenix.

1830, "E. H.", Fragments on Egyptian Literature, Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature, and the Arts, Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, page 349,
One compound name, of which it is an element, is that of the city, from which the Sebennytic mouth of the Nile was denominated Sebennu, that is, "the temple of Bennu," a god, who was represented in the form of a waterfowl, and whose phonetic name is of frequent occurrence.

2014, J. Daniel Gunther, The Angel & The Abyss, Nicolas-Hays, Inc. (Ibis Press), page 113,
15 The Uas Sceptre is the origin of the “Phoenix Wand”, which is the Wand of the Imperator of A!∴!A!∴,. The head of the wand was not originally a Bennu Bird, but the head of the god Set. The identification with the Bennu seems to have originated with the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn.

(Egyptian mythology, often with "the") A self-created deity with the form of a bird (in New Kingdom artwork, a heron) that features in the ancient Egyptian creation myth and is also described as the ba (soul) of Ra.


anteros

From Ancient Greek ἀντέρως (antérōs), reputedly coined by Plato. That in turn comes from ἀντί (antí, “against”) + ἔρως (érōs, “love”), hence the translation as counterlove.

af

The loved one, in turn, thus subject to the fiery soul of the lover, experiences anteros, a counterlove whose calm consent amounts to very filial affection […]

1987, Julia Kristeva, Tales of love, page 66:

(chiefly historical, Ancient Greece) The counterlove or affectionate response a philerast gives to the love of an erastes.


Nine Bows

Calque of Egyptian psḏt pḏt, from psḏt (“nine”) + pḏt (“bow”).

(Egyptology) The traditional enemies of Ancient Egypt.


Heraclitan

A follower of Heraclitus, an Ancient Greek philosopher.


Capitolium

From Latin Capitōlium (“Capitoline Hill, its temples; similar citadels”), from the oblique stem of caput (“head”) + -ō (noun-forming suffix) or -ōlus (“-ole”, diminutive suffix) + -ium (suffix forming place names). Doublet of capitol and capitoul.


Quinquatrian

en-adj

Quinquatrian (comparative more Quinquatrian, superlative most Quinquatrian)

more Quinquatrian (comparative)
most Quinquatrian (superlative)

the great Quinquatrian feast


mimiamb

From mimiambus, possibly from French mimiambe, from Ancient Greek μιμιάμβους (mimiámbous, “mime-iamb”), from μῖμος (mîmos, “actor, imitator”) + ἴαμβος (íambos, “iamb”).

der

Its discovery, after a sleep of some five centuries and a half, will be as great a surprise to meteorologists as a new classical text, such as the ‘Mimiambs’ of Herondas, to Greek scholars.

1891 November 28, The Athenæum, number 3344, London: J. Lection, →OCLC, page 726:

For example, the school scene in the third mimiamb, the outburst of fierce jealousy on the part of Bitinna in Herondas and that of the Oxyrhynchus μοιχευτρία, the obscene conversation in the sixth mimiamb, and the tales of adultery committed by women which, according to Aristocles, formed the chief subject of the poems recited by the λυσιῳδοί.

1917, Ph[ilippe] E[rnest] Legrand, translated by James Loeb, The New Greek Comedy, London: W. Heinemann; New York, N.Y.: G.P. Putnam's Sons, →OCLC, page 524:

Matius's mimiambs have not survived complete, but the extant remains may not be unrepresentative of his general style of writing.

2014, Costas Panayotakis, “Hellenistic Mime and Its Reception in Rome”, in Michael Fontaine, Adele C. Scafuro, editors, The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Comedy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 387:

(literature, Ancient Greece, rare) A short humorous dramatic scene in verse.


honorific transposition

en-noun

honorific transposition (countable and uncountable, plural honorific transpositions)

(linguistics, Egyptology) A shift in the sign order of a compound word or common phrase, to make certain religiously significant terms (e.g. nswt, nṯr, rꜥ) appear at the front of the word or phrase.


Titanomachy

From Ancient Greek Τῑτᾱνομαχίᾱ (Tītānomakhíā), from Τῑτᾱ́ν (Tītā́n, “Titan”) + μάχη (mákhē, “battle”) + -ια (-ia).

der

1966, M. L. West (editor), Hesiod, Theogony: edited with prolegomena and commentary by M.L. West, Oxford University Press (Clarendon Press), page 337,
A more important difference between the Titanomachy and Ragnarok is that the Norse gods, the Æsir, do not fight against other gods who are afterwards bound, but against an assortment of giants and monsters who have hitherto been bound […] .

His^([Thallus’]) history was arranged in three books, and, in part, by olympiads, and covered material from the Titanomachy (dated to 322 years before the Trojan war) to at least the Crucifixion.

2001, Benjamin Garstad, “Theophilus of Antioch, Pseudo-Justin, and Thallus' Treatment of Moses”, in M. F. Wiles, E. J. Yarnold, P. M. Parvis, editors, Studia Patristica, Vol. XXXVI: Papers presented at the Thirteenth International Conference on Patristic Studies, Peeters Publishers, page 207:

Likewise, the tragedy's treatment of the Titanomachy departs significantly from the Hesiodic account. It has been suggested that the PV^([Prometheus Vinctus]) may be informed by the Cyclic epic Titanomachy attributed to Eumelus (or Arctinus),⁷² especially since an entry in Hesychius' Lexicon⁷³ has led some to believe that both Prometheus' involvement in the Titanomachy and his change of allegiance were elements of that Cyclic epic.

2017, Zoe Stamatopoulou, Hesiod and Classical Greek Poetry: Reception and Transformation in the Fifth Century BCE, Cambridge University Press, page 150:

(Greek mythology) The mythological war between the Titans and the Olympian gods.

Titanomachie

mythological war between Titans and Olympian gods


Nauplius

(Greek mythology) A son of the god Poseidon by Amymone, daughter of Danaus, and founder of the city of Nauplia.

But according to Lycophron, the last of the Greek poets, Penelope committed adultery with one of the suitors at the persuasion of the aged Nauplius, who avenged the death of his son Palamedes by enticing almost all the wives of the Greeks into prostitution.

2003, Giovanni Boccaccio, translated by Virginia Brown, Famous Women, page 81:

A scene from Aristophanes' Women at the Thesmophoria (765-84) preserves a parody of the event which featured Palamedes' brother Oeax writing a message on oars in the hope that one will reach his father Nauplius with news of the betrayal and murder.

2013, Isabelle Torrance, Metapoetry in Euripides, page 145:

(Greek mythology) A descendant of the founder of Nauplia who ruled the city (alternatively, Euboea), was one of the Argonauts, and was father to Palamedes, who fought in the Trojan War.


Plutonic

en-adj

Plutonic (comparative more Plutonic, superlative most Plutonic)

more Plutonic (comparative)
most Plutonic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek Πλούτων (Ploútōn, “Pluto, Greek and Roman god of the underworld”) (from πλοῦτος (ploûtos, “riches, wealth”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *plew- (“to fly; to flow; to run”)) + -ων (-ōn)) + -ic (suffix forming adjectives meaning ‘of or pertaining to’). The English word is cognate with Middle French plutonique (modern French plutonique (“of or pertaining to Pluto, the underworld, or the interior of the Earth”)).

cog

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Synonym of Plutonian (“of or relating to Pluto, the Greek and Roman god of the underworld; demonic, infernal”)


Ramesses

From Ancient Greek Ῥαμέσσης (Rhaméssēs), itself from Egyptian rꜥ-ms-sw,
ra-ms-sw

Name of several pharaohs of 19th and 20th dynasty of Ancient Egypt, 13th to 10th century BC.


Inundation

(Egyptology) One of the three seasons of Ancient Egypt.


Chione

From Ancient Greek Χιόνη (Khiónē), derived from χιών (khiṓn, “snow”).

(Greek mythology) She is the daughter of Boreas (the North Wind), and Oreithyia (an Athenian princess whom he had abducted). Her siblings are Zetes, Calaides and Cleopatra (the wife of Phineus).


sileni

And so, while husbands are worshiping at their boyhood shrines, being the lawyers, merchants, or masterminds their parents wanted them to be, their wives, even after fourteen years of marriage and two fine children produced and raised, are still on the search for love - which can come to them only from the centaurs, sileni, satyrs, and other concupiscent incubi of the rout of Pan, either as in the second of the above-recited dreams, or as in our popular, vanilla-frosted temples of the venereal goddess, under the make-up of the latest heroes of the screen.

1968, Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces, 2nd edition, London: Fontana Press, published 1993, page 12:

(Greek mythology) A group of minor deities or demigods similar to fauns or satyrs.


Cottus

(Greek mythology) One of the Hecatoncheires (hundred-handed monster) of Ancient Greek mythology.


Astyanax

From Ancient Greek Ἀστυάναξ (Astuánax, “city lord”), the nickname for the firstborn son of Hector, protector of Troy.

uder

1712, Ambrose Philips, The Distrest Mother, [adapted from 1667, Jean Racine, Andromaque], 1819, The Distrest Mother: A Tragedy, Act 1, Scene 1, page 3,
The jealous chiefs, and all the states of Greece, / With one united voice complain of Pyrrhus; / That now, forgetful of the promise giv'n, / And mindless of his godlike father's fate, / Astyanax he nurses in his court; Astyanax, the young, surviving hope / Of ruin'd Troy; Astyanax descended / From a long race of kings—great Hector's son.

After lying that the boy is dead and defying the threat of torture, she^([Andromache]) is unable to conceal her anguish for the boy's life and gives in to the threat that Hector's tomb will be destroyed if Astyanax is dead, that is, to the threat that both the sanctity of the tomb and the life of the boy will be destroyed together.

1983, Norman T. Pratt, Seneca's Drama, page 110:

In this passage, Andromaque sees Astyanax only through the memorializing lens of his attribution to Hector, his status as "gage."

2008, Roland Racevskis, Tragic Passages: Jean Racine's Art of the Threshold, page 85:

(Greek mythology) The nickname of Scamandrius, child son of Hector and Andromache.


Salacia

(Roman mythology) The goddess of saltwater and the deep.


Empedoclean

en-adj

Empedoclean (comparative more Empedoclean, superlative most Empedoclean)

more Empedoclean (comparative)
most Empedoclean (superlative)

Relating to the Ancient Greek philosopher Empedocles (circa 490–430 BC).


was-sceptre

Borrowed from Egyptian wꜣs (“was-sceptre, rule”), compounded with sceptre.

(Egyptology) a type of sceptre with an animal head and a forked tail appearing in Ancient Egyptian art and hieroglyphs


Chthonia

(Greek mythology) A daughter of Erechtheus and Praxithea.

(Greek mythology) A daughter of Phoroneus or Colontas.

(Greek mythology) One of the Alkyonides.

(Greek mythology) An epithet for several chthonic deities, including Demeter, Hecate, Melinoe, and Nyx.

(Greek mythology) An ancient mythical and poetic name for Crete.


Siduri

An ancient Babylonian goddess of wisdom, fermentation and merrymaking.


Amalthean

/æməlˈθiːən/

(Greek mythology) Of or relating to Amalthea or Amaltheia, foster-mother of Zeus, in Greek mythology.


Amalthea

From Ancient Greek Ἀμάλθεια (Amáltheia).

(Greek mythology) The most frequently mentioned foster mother of Zeus, sometimes represented as the goat who suckled the infant-god in a mountain cave, sometimes as a goat-tending nymph.


justitium

(historical, Ancient Rome) An interregnum after the death of an emperor.


Epione

From Latin Ēpionē, from Ancient Greek Ἠπιόνη (Ēpiónē), from Ancient Greek ἤπῐος (ḗpĭos).

(Greek mythology) Ancient Greek goddess of soothing of pain.


cestrosphendone

From Ancient Greek κεστροσφενδόνη (kestrosphendónē) via Latin cestrosphendone.

der

κεστροσφενδόνη

(Ancient Greece) An Ancient Greek sling used to fling darts.


Tenedos

An island of Turkey in the northern part of the Aegean Sea.


Horae

From the Ancient Greek Ὧραι (Hôrai, “hours; seasons”).

uder

(Greek mythology) The goddesses of the seasons and the natural portions of the times of the year, and the laws and orders of time; originally the personifications of nature in its different seasonal aspects, but in later times regarded as goddesses of order in general and of natural justice.

Ώρες

Greek goddesses of the seasons and the natural portions of time


Charites

Borrowed from Latin Charites, from Ancient Greek Χάριτες (Khárites).

(Greek mythology) The goddesses of charm, beauty, nature, human creativity, and fertility, and the patronesses of amusement and festivities; the retinue of Aphrodite.


Furies

(Greek mythology) Synonym of Erinyes; the goddesses of vengeance.


Moros

From Ancient Greek Μόρος (Móros), from Ancient Greek μόρος (móros, literally “fate, doom”).

(Greek mythology) The personification of impending doom, who drives mortals to their deadly fate


Eileithyia

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Εἰλείθυια (Eileíthuia, “the bringer or deliverer”).

bor

(Greek mythology) The goddess of childbirth and midwifery; the daughter of Zeus and Hera; the Greek counterpart of the Roman Lucina.


Lucina

From Middle English Lucina and Lucyna, from Latin Lūcīna.

(astronomy) 146 Lucina, a Main Belt asteroid.


Pandia

From Ancient Greek Πανδία (Pandía, literally “All Brightness”).

uder

(Greek mythology) A goddess of the full moon.


Hedone

From Ancient Greek Ἡδονή (Hēdonḗ, literally “Pleasure”).

(Greek mythology) The Greek goddess of sensual pleasures. She is the daughter of Eros/Cupid and Psyche, and the grandaughter of Aphrodite/Venus and Ares/Mars. Her Roman counterpart is Voluptas.


Voluptas

From Latin voluptas (“Voluptuous, Pleasure, Bliss”).

(Roman mythology) The Roman goddess of sensual pleasures. She is the daughter of Eros/Cupid and Psyche, and the grandaughter of Aphrodite/Venus and Ares/Mars. She is the Roman counterpart of Hedone.


Invidia

Coordinate term: Nemesis

(Roman mythology) The Roman goddess of divine retribution and vengeance; often accompanied by the Furies/Dirae. She is the Roman counterpart of Nemesis.


Kratos

From Ancient Greek Κράτος (Krátos, literally “Power, Strength”); see κράτος (krátos).

bor

(Greek mythology) The god and personification of power and strength.


Bia

From Ancient Greek Βία (Bía, literally “Force”).

der

(Greek mythology) The goddess and personification of force.


Zelus

From Ancient Greek Ζῆλος (Zêlos, literally “Zeal, Dedication, Emulation”).

(Greek mythology) The god and personification of zeal.


Polus

(Roman mythology) The personification of the celestial axis around which the heavens revolve, and the Titan of intelligence.


Caelus

(Roman mythology) The personification of the sky and heavens. Either the brother-husband or son-&-husband of Terra, with whom he fathered the Titans and the Cyclops. He is the Roman counterpart of Uranus.


Erinyes

/ɪˈɹɪniˌiːz/

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἐρῑνύες (Erīnúes, literally “Avengers”).

bor

In six of the twelve Homeric passages in which Erinys or the Erinyes are mentioned, the common denominator is a crime or insult that occurs between blood kin: The Erinyes take action when a son steals his father's concubine, a son kills his father and marries his mother, two brothers argue, a son angers his mother, a man kills his mother's brother, or a son chases his mother out of her home.

1999, Sarah Iles Johnston, Restless Dead: Encounters Between the Living and the Dead in Ancient Greece, University of California Press, page 252:

2018, Stephen Rendall (translator), Jacques Jouanna, Sophocles: A Study of His Theater in Its Political and Social Context, [2008, Jacques Jouanna, Sophocle], Princeton University Press, page 393,
First, he now envisages several Erinyes: then he designates, using a poetic metaphor already employed by Aeschylus in The Libation Bearers,¹⁵⁴ that of hunting hounds pursuing game that cannot escape them.

Apollo's help and defence of Orestes is taken by the Erinyes as a threat to their own honour and to the perpetuation of their ancient privilege to pursue murderers (169–74).

2020, Bridget Martin, Harmful Interaction between the Living and the Dead in Greek Tragedy, Liverpool University Press, page 161:

(Greek mythology) The Furies; the goddesses of vengeance against serious moral offence (such as oath-breaking), latterly known as protectors of Athens, of pre-Olympian origin and variously described as having sprung from the spilled blood of Uranus or as daughters of Nyx; identified with the Roman Dirae.

Érinyes

Greek goddesses of vengeance — see also Furies


Dirae

(Roman mythology) The goddesses of vengeance; they were also known to accompany Invidia. They are the Roman counterparts of the Furies/Erinyes.


Oneiroi

From the Ancient Greek Ὄνειροι (Óneiroi, “Dreams”).

uder

(Greek mythology) The gods and personifications of dreams; the sons of Hypnos and Pasithea, or Nyx and Erebus.


Somnus

(Roman mythology) The god and personification of sleep; the Roman counterpart of Hypnos.


Pasithea

(Greek mythology) One of the Charites. She is the wife of Hypnos.


Aglaea

From Ancient Greek Ἀγλαΐα (Aglaḯa, literally “Splendour, Glory, Glow”).

der

(Greek mythology) One of the Charites (the youngest, although Homer names another younger).

(Greek mythology) A daughter of Asclepius and goddess/personification of good health and the glow of health.

(Greek mythology) A daughter of Mantineus, founder of Mantinea, the wife of Abas and mother of the twins Acrisius and Proetus; also known as Ocalea.

(Greek mythology) A daughter of Thespius and Megamede who bore Heracles a son, Antiades.

(Greek mythology) A nymph who was mother of Nireus by Charopus, king of Syme.

(Greek mythology) The wife of Amythaon and mother of Melampus and Bias.


Antheia

From Ancient Greek Ἄνθεια (Ántheia, literally “flowers and flowery wreaths”).

bor

(Greek mythology) One of the Charites worshipped in Athens.


Auxo

From Ancient Greek Αὔξω (Aúxō), related to αὐξάνω (auxánō, “to increase”).

(Greek mythology) One of the Horae, and the goddess and personification of the season of Summer; she is the protector of vegetation and plants, and growth and fertility.


Charis

From Ancient Greek Χάρις (Kháris, literally “beauty, elegance, charm, grace”).

der

(Greek mythology) Aglaea, one of the Charites.


Cleta

From Ancient Greek Κλήτα (Klḗta, literally “fame and glory”).

(Greek mythology) One of the Charites worshiped in Sparta along with Phaenna.


Eudaimonia

/ˌjuːdɪˈməʊnɪə/

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek εὐδαιμονίᾱ (eudaimoníā, literally “happiness, well-being”).


Hegemone

From Ancient Greek Ἡγεμόνη (Hēgemónē, literally “Mastery”).

der

(Greek mythology) One of the Charites and a goddess of flowers and fruit, worshipped at Athens along with Auxo and Damia.


Paidia

Borrowed from Ancient Greek παιδιά (paidiá, “childish play, amusement”), from παῖς (paîs, “child”).


Pandaisia

From Ancient Greek Πανδαισία (Pandaisía, literally “Banquet”).


Pannychis

From Ancient Greek Παννυχίς (Pannukhís, literally “Festivities and Parties”).


Phaenna

From Ancient Greek φαεινος (phaeinos, literally “benevolence and gratitude”).

uder

(Greek mythology) One of the Charites worshipped in Sparta along with Cleta.


Phantasos

From the Ancient Greek Φάντασος (Phántasos, “Apparition”).

(Greek mythology) The god and personification of inanimate objects in prophetic dreams; the son of Hypnos and Pasithea, or Nyx and Erebus.


Peitho

From Ancient Greek Πειθώ (Peithṓ, “Charming Speech, Persuasion”).

(Greek mythology) One of the Charites and a consort of Hermes.


Orphne

(Greek mythology) A nymph who, with Acheron, had the child Ascalaphus.


Minthe

From Ancient Greek Μινθη (Minthē, literally “Mint”).

(Greek mythology) A nymph (associated with Mount Minthe in southern Greece) with whom Hades had an affair before the taking of Persephone and she complained in jealousy that she is more nobler in form than Persephone(his wife) and when Demeter(her mother) heard of it, she trampled the nymph under her foot and turned the her into herb mint.


Tisiphone

From Ancient Greek Τῑσιφόνη (Tīsiphónē, literally “Avenging Murder”).

bor

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) One of the Erinyes/Dirae (Furies, the goddesses of vengeance), and a companion of Nemesis/Invidia.


Alecto

From Ancient Greek Ἀληκτώ (Alēktṓ, literally “Unceasing (Anger)”).

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) One of the Furies.


Alpheus

From Ancient Greek Ἀλφειός (Alpheiós, literally “whitish”).

der

(Greek mythology) The god or personification of the river Alpheus.


Ascalaphus

From Latin Ascalaphus, from Ancient Greek Ἀσκάλαφος (Askálaphos, literally “Screech-owl”).

(Greek mythology) The orchardist of Hades, changed into a screech-owl by Demeter for telling Hades that Persephone had eaten pomegranate seeds


Ananke

From Ancient Greek Ἀνάγκη (Anánkē, “Fate”).

Coordinate term: Necessitas

“‘To tell you that the eternities beget chaos, and that the immensities are at the mercy of the divine ananke. Infinitude crouches before a personality. The mercurial essence is the prime mover in spirituality, and the thinker is powerless before the pulsating inanity. The cosmical procession is terminated only by the unknowable and unpronounceable’——

1886, Arthur Conan Doyle, Cyprian Overbeck Wells. A Literary Mosaic:

(Greek mythology) A Greek goddess, personification of destiny, necessity and fate, depicted as holding a spindle.

Ananké

Greek goddess of destiny, necessity and fate


Alexiares

From Ancient Greek Ἀλεξιάρης (Alexiárēs, literally “Warding-Off-War”), from ἀλέξω (aléxō, “I defend (against)”) + Ἄρης (Árēs, “War”).

com

(Greek mythology) One of the twin sons of Heracles and Hebe, guardian, along with his twin Anicetus and his father, of the gates of Mount Olympus.


Anicetus

From Ancient Greek Ἀνίκητος (Aníkētos, literally “Unconquerable”).

bor

(Greek mythology) One of the twin sons of Heracles and Hebe, his twin brother is Alexiares. Along with their father, Anicetus and Alexiares are the guardians and gatekeepers of the gates of Mount Olympus.


Aceso

(Greek mythology) A goddess and personification of the healing process, daughter of Asclepius.


Iaso

From Ancient Greek Ἰασώ (Iasṓ), from ἴασις (íasis, “healing, recovering, recuperation”).

(Greek mythology) The goddess and personification of recuperation. She is a daughter of Asclepius and Epione.


Meditrina

From Latin medica (“health, longevity”).

(Roman mythology) The goddess/personification of health and longevity. She is a daughter of Aesculapius and Epione.


Machaon

(Greek mythology) A healer and a son of Asclepius and Epione.


Aratus

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἄρᾱτος (Árātos, literally “the one prayed for”).

(Greek mythology) A healer and a son of Asclepius and his lover, Aristodama, and the paternal halfbrother of Aceso, Aglaea, Hygieia, Iaso, Meditrina, Panacea, Machaon, Podaleirios, Telesphoros.


Podaleirios

From Ancient Greek Ποδαλείριος (Podaleírios).


Telesphoros

From Ancient Greek Τελεσφόρος (Telesphóros, literally “Bringer of Completion”).

uder

(Greek mythology) A god/personification of recuperation from illness or injury. He is a healer and a son of Asclepius and Epione.


Eirene

From Ancient Greek Εἰρήνη (Eirḗnē, literally “Peace”).

(Greek mythology) The goddess/personification of peace and one of the Horae. She is a daughter of Zeus and Themis, and her sisters are Dike and Eunomia. Her Roman counterpart is Pax.


Thallo

From Ancient Greek Θαλλω (Thallō, literally “New-Shoots, Blooming”).

(Greek mythology) One of the Horae, and the goddess and personification of the season of Spring; she is the protector of new growth.


Carpo

From Ancient Greek Καρπώ (Karpṓ) from καρπόω (karpóō, “bear fruit; reap or enjoy fruit”).

(Greek mythology) One of the Horae, goddess/personification of Autumn and of harvest time.


Core

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κόρη (kórē, “maiden”).

lbor

(Greek mythology) The birth name of Persephone/Proserpina, the queen of the Underworld/Hades, and goddess of the seasons and of vegetation. She is the daughter of Zeus and Demeter, and the wife of Hades.


Justitia

Translingual: Justitia

From Latin iustitia (“Justice”). Doublet of justice.

(Roman mythology) One of the Horae, she is the goddess of justice. She is the daughter of Jupiter and Themis; her sisters are Pax and Eunomia. She is the Roman counterpart of Dike.


Adrianople

/ˌeɪdɹɪəˈnəʊp(ə)l/

From Latin Adrianopolis, from Ancient Greek Ἁδριανούπολις (Hadrianoúpolis, “city of Hadrian”). Doublet of Adrianopolis and Edirne.

der

Ἁδριανούπολις

(historical) Former name of Edirne, a city in northwestern Turkey.

Ադրիանապոլիս

ancient & medieval Edirne — see also Edirne


Arbela

(historical) An ancient city in Mesopotamia, in modern Iraq; modern Arbil.


Gaugamela

/ˌɡɔɡəˈmilə/

From Latin Gaugamēla, from Ancient Greek Γαυγάμηλα (Gaugámēla).

(historical) a village in Assyria, where in 331 BC Alexander the Great defeated the Persians under Darius III


Granicus

/ɡɹəˈnaɪkəs/

From Latin Granicus, from Ancient Greek Γρανικός (Granikós).

A river in northwestern Anatolia, where Alexander the Great defeated the forces of the Persian Empire under Darius III


Golden Horn

Calque of Ancient Greek Χρυσόκερας (Khrusókeras).

calque

The 20-min. crossing of the Bosphorus by ferry steamer from the Golden Horn, the busy river-fed harbour that divides old and new Istanbul on the European side of the Bosphorus, was a pleasure in itself.

1950 July, J. C. Mertens, “By the "Taurus Express" to Baghdad”, in Railway Magazine, page 435:

A major urban waterway and the primary inlet of the Bosphorus in Istanbul, Turkey.


Issus

Translingual: Issus

From Latin Issus, from Ancient Greek Ἰσσός (Issós).

(historical) An ancient settlement in Cilicia, modern Hatay Province, Turkey, where in 333 BCE Alexander the Great defeated the Persians under Darius III


Locris

From Latin Locris, from Ancient Greek Λοκρίς (Lokrís).

An ancient region in Greece, the homeland of the Locrians, made up of three distinct districts.


Stymphalus

From Latin Stymphālus, from Ancient Greek Στύμφᾱλος (Stúmphālos).

(historical) An ancient town in Arcadia, in modern Greece, near modern Stymfalia.

Stymphale

town and district in Arcadia, ancient Greece

(Greek mythology) Any of various mythological figures.


Stymphalian bird

en-noun

Stymphalian bird (plural Stymphalian birds)

(Greek mythology) A man-eating bird with a bronze beak and sharp metallic feathers it could launch at its victims, which infested Stymphalus. They were slain by Herakles as part of his sixth Labour, who took advantage of their sensitive sense of hearing.


Taurica

From Latin Taurica, from Ancient Greek Ταυρῐκή (Taurĭkḗ).

Crimean peninsula
Crimean peninsula#English

(historical) The name by which the territory of the Crimean peninsula was known to the Greeks and Romans.

Տավրիս

the name by which the territory of the Crimean peninsula was known to the Greeks and Romans


Trabzon

From Turkish Trabzon, from Ottoman Turkish طرابزون (Tırabızon), ultimately from Ancient Greek Τραπεζοῦς (Trapezoûs).

A port city and province on the Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey.

Ҭарбзана

port city on the Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey


Pharos

Derived from Ancient Greek Φάρος (Pháros) via Latin Pharos. Doublet of Hvar.

The Lighthouse of Alexandria, located on the island Pharos


Feodosiya

From Russian Феодо́сия (Feodósija), from Ancient Greek Θεοδοσία (Theodosía). Doublet of Theodosia.

Alternative spelling of Feodosia, a port and resort city in Crimea, internationally recognized as part of Ukraine but de facto in Russia.


Cheops

Borrowed from Latin Cheops, from Ancient Greek Χέοψ (Khéops), from Egyptian ḫw.f-wj.

Great Pyramid of Giza
Great Pyramid of Giza

a pharaoh of Egypt, who ruled in the first half of the Old Kingdom period (26th century BC) and is renowned as the builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza


nundinal letter

nundinal letter (plural nundinal letters)

(Ancient Rome) one of the first eight letters of the alphabet, repeated successively from the first to the last day of the year. One of these always corresponded to the market day, which occurred every eight days.


vallar crown

(historical, Roman antiquity) A circular gold crown with palisades, bestowed upon the soldier who first surmounted the rampart and broke into the enemy's camp.


Erymanthian Boar

(Greek mythology) a giant boar that ravaged the area round Mount Erymanthos; captured by Heracles


Augeas

/ɔːˈd͡ʒiːəs/

From Latin Augēās, from Ancient Greek Αὐγείᾱς (Augeíās).

(Greek mythology) A king of Elis, best known for his stables, the Augean stables.


Antigone

From Latin Antigonē, from Ancient Greek Ἀντιγόνη (Antigónē).

(Greek mythology) the daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta in fiction and mythology


Antisthenes

From Latin Antisthenēs, from Ancient Greek Ἀντισθένης (Antisthénēs).

A Greek male given name from Ancient Greek, notably borne by Antisthenes of Athens (445–365 B.C.), a Greek philosopher, founder of the school of Cynicism and a pupil of Socrates


Ascanius

From Latin Ascanius, from Ancient Greek Ἀσκάνιος (Askánios).

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A legendary king of Alba Longa, and the son of the Trojan hero Aeneas.


Belisarius

From Latin Belisarius, from Byzantine Greek Βελισάριος (Belisários).

(history) a general of the Byzantine Empire, who was instrumental to Emperor Justinian's ambitious project of reconquering much of the Mediterranean territory of the former Western Roman Empire, which had been lost less than a century previously


Hecuba

From Latin Hecuba, from Ancient Greek Ἑκάβη (Hekábē).

(Greek mythology) the wife of King Priam of Troy, the mother of Hector, Paris and Cassandra


Helenus

From Latin Helenus, from Ancient Greek Ἕλενος (Hélenos).

(Greek mythology) the son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba of Troy, the twin brother of the prophetess Cassandra.


Haemus

Borrowed from Latin Haemus, from Ancient Greek Αἷμος (Haîmos).

(Greek mythology) a king of Thrace, the son of Boreas, who was vain and haughty and compared himself and his wife to Zeus and Hera


Menelaus

From Latin Menelāus, from Ancient Greek Μενέλαος (Menélaos).

(Greek mythology) the king of Mycenaean Sparta, the husband of Helen of Troy, the brother of Agamemnon, the leader of the Spartan contingent of the Greek army during the Trojan War


Herostratus

Learned borrowing from Latin Hērostratus, from Ancient Greek Ἡρόστρατος (Hēróstratos).

lbor

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

an Ancient Greek arsonist who destroyed the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, in order to become famous


Hesperia

From Latin Hesperia, from Ancient Greek Ἑσπερία (Hespería).

(Greek mythology) One of the Hesperides.


Hesperides

From Latin Hesperides, from Ancient Greek Ἑσπερίδες (Hesperídes).

(Greek mythology) A group of nymphs who tend a blissful garden filled with trees that grew golden apples in a far western corner of the world, located in Libya or the Atlas Mountains in North Africa at the edge of the encircling Oceanus; they are said to be the daughters of Hesperus.

(Greek mythology) The garden of the Hesperides.


Hesperid

(Greek mythology) any one of the Hesperides

Հեսպերիդ

any one of the Hesperide — see also Hesperides


Gordias

Borrowed from Latin Gordiās, from Ancient Greek Γορδίας (Gordías).

(Greek mythology) The name of at least two members of the royal house of Phrygia, the best-known of which was reputedly the founder of the Phrygian capital city Gordium, the maker of the legendary Gordian knot, and the father of the legendary king Midas.


Epiphanes

From Latin Epiphanēs, from Ancient Greek Ἐπιφανής (Epiphanḗs), from ἐπιφανής (epiphanḗs).

Antiochus IV Epiphanes

(history) the epithet of several Hellenistic rulers


Keres

From Ancient Greek Κῆρες (Kêres, literally “Death Spirits, Doom, Heart”).

der

(Greek mythology) The goddesses of death, specifically cruel and violent deaths, including death in battle, by accident, murder or ravaging disease. They numbered in the thousands and were the daughters of Nyx and Erebus, and the sisters of Thanatos and Hypnos. Their Roman counterparts were the Letum or the Tenebrae.


sexvir

(historical, Ancient Rome) Any member of a group of six officials.


Panathenaea

/ˌpænˌæ.θəˈni.ə/

Learned borrowing from Latin Panathēnaea, and from its etymon Ancient Greek Πᾰνᾰθήναιᾰ (Pănăthḗnaiă), a noun use of the neuter plural of Παναθηναῖος (Panathēnaîos, “Panathenian”) (in Παναθήναια ἱερᾰ́ (Panathḗnaia hierắ, “Panathenian solemnities”)), from πᾰν- (păn-, prefix meaning ‘all; every’) + Ἀθηναῖος (Athēnaîos, “of or relating to Athens, Athenian”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-ĭ́ā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Ἀθηναῖος (Athēnaîos) is derived from either Ἀθῆναι (Athênai, “Athens”) or Ᾰ̓θήνη (Ăthḗnē, “Athena, patron goddess of Athens”) + -ῐος (-ĭos, suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives).

ref

From the collection of the Allard Pierson Museum in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

lbor

VVhen Panathænea vvere celebrated at Athens, an olde man gooing to take a place vvas mockingly reiected, at the laſt comming among the Lacedemonians all the youth gaue him place, vvhich yͤ Athenians liked vvell off, then one of the Sparthans cryed out: Uerily yͤ Athenians knovv vvhat ſhould be done, but they neuer doe it.

[1578], Iohn Lylly [i.e., John Lyly], “Euphues and His Ephæbus. [Of the Education of Youth.]”, in Euphues. The Anatomy of Wyt. […], London: […] [Thomas East] for Gabriell Cawood, […], →OCLC, folio 57, verso:

Panathenæa. A ſolemnity held at Athens: vvherein the vvhole city men, vvomen and children vvere aſſembled. And ſuch games, dances and plaies as vvere then exhibited; or vvhat orations vvere then and there made, they called Panathenaik.

[1603, Plutarch, “[https://books.google.com/books?id=xMdjAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP645 [An Explanation of Sundry Hard Words and Obscure Terms, in this Translation of Plutarch, […].] Panathenæa]”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Philosophie, Commonlie Called, The Morals […], London: […] Arnold Hatfield, →OCLC, page 645:

Ion.— […] [T]here were contests in every species of music. […] I bore away the first prize at the games, O Socrates. / Socrates.—Well done! You have now only to consider how you shall win the Panathenæa.

a. 1823 (date written), Plato, “[Essays, Letters from Abroad, Translations and Fragments] Ion; or, Of the Iliad; Translated from Plato”, in Percy Bysshe Shelley, transl., edited by [Mary Wollstonecraft] Shelley, The Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley, new edition, London: Edward Moxon, […], published 1850, →OCLC, page 67, column 1:

(Ancient Greece, historical) A festival formerly held annually in Athens to honour the city's patron goddess Athena, involving animal sacrifices, a grand procession, and, every fourth year, athletic and musical contests.

Panathenaia

festival formerly held annually in Athens to honour the city’s patron goddess Athena


Chloris

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Χλωρίς (Khlōrís, literally “Greenfinch”), from χλωρός (khlōrós, “greenish-yellow, pale green”).

bor

(Greek mythology) A nymph and the goddess of flowers and spring. She is a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, the wife of Zephyrus, and mother of Karpos. Her Roman counterpart is Flora.


Karpos

From Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, literally “Fruit”).

(Greek mythology) A god/personification of fruit.


Favonius

(Roman mythology) The god of the west wind. He is also the husband of Flora and the father of Karpos. He is the Roman counterpart of Zephyrus.


Alala

From Ancient Greek Ἀλαλά (Alalá), from Ancient Greek ἀλαλή (alalḗ, literally “loud cry, war cry”).

der

(Greek mythology) A goddess, personification of the war cry/battle cry


Glaucus

From Ancient Greek Γλαῦκος (Glaûkos, from γλαυκός (glaukós, literally “greyish-blue, bluish-green, glimmering”)).

from <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">γλαυκός</i> (glaukós, literally “greyish-blue, bluish-green, glimmering”)

(Greek mythology) A Greek prophetic sea-god, born mortal and turned immortal upon eating a magical herb. It was believed that he commonly came to the rescue of sailors and fishermen in storms, having once been one himself.

(Greek mythology) A mythical Lycian soldier and captain in the Trojan War.

(Greek mythology) Son of Sisyphus, and a mythical Corinthian king.

(Greek mythology) one of the sons of Priam.

(Greek mythology) One of the twelve younger Panes.


mobad

(religion) A Zoroastrian cleric of a particular rank, qualified to serve as celebrant priest at the Yasna ceremony and to train other priests.


serekh

From Egyptian s-r:x-O33 (srḫ, “palace façade”).

bor

In Egyptian hieroglyphs, a rectangular enclosure consisting of a depiction of a palace façade and a top-down view of a royal courtyard containing the Horus name of a pharaoh, usually topped by a Horus falcon.


Egyptomania

Obsessive interest shown by Westerners for ancient Egyptian culture, especially during the 19th century.


Pazend

From Zoroastrian Middle Persian pʾcnd (pāzand), from Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌 (paⁱti zainti, “according to understanding”); see Zend for more.

der

𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌

A variant of Avestan alphabet used to write Middle Persian.

پازند

variant of the Avestan alphabet to write Middle Persian


shahanshah

Borrowed from Classical Persian شَاهَنْشَاه (šāhanšāh), from Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠𐭭 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (mlkʾn mlkʾ /šāhān šāh/, “king of kings”), which see for more.

der

(historical) King of kings; a title given to the rulers of ancient Persia and sometimes of Armenia.

𒈗𒊭𒈗𒈨𒌍

title of the rulers of ancient Persia: “king of kings” — see also king of kings


Zagreus

(Greek mythology) An obscure figure in Greek mythology who, according to Orphic tradition, was the son of Zeus and Persephone who was destroyed by the Titans but reborn through the intervention of Zeus as Dionysus.


gallu

Learned borrowing from Akkadian 𒋼𒇲 (gallûm, “Gallu”).

lbor

A great demon or devil of the ancient Mesopotamian Underworld.


cavaedium

(architecture) The central hall or court within an Ancient Roman house.


Myrrha

From Latin Myrrha, from Ancient Greek Μύρρα (Múrrha).

Byblis lies motionless in mute desperation and her transformation is told only briefly, whereas Myrrha herself asks for her metamorphosis, gives a speech (10.483-7), and Ovid leads us step by step through her transformation (10.489-502).

1975, Karl Galinsky, Ovid's Metamorphoses: An Introduction to the Basic Aspects, page 89:

The resemblance between this Myrrhina and the Myrrha who seduces her father is all the greater in that in one of the versions of the myth of Adonis, his mother is transformed by metamorphosis into not a myrrh tree but a sprig of myrtle.

1977, Marcel Detienne, The Gardens of Adonis: Spices in Greek Mythology, page 63:

In the succeeding book, Ovid depicts another woman tortured by abnormal but not impossible passion: Myrrha, in love with her father, Cinyras.

2006, David M. Robinson, Closeted Writing and Lesbian and Gay Literature: Classical, Early Modern, Eighteenth-Century, page 175:

(Greek mythology) The daughter of Cinyras, king of Cyprus, who tricks her father into having sexual intercourse with her and escapes the king's wrath by being transformed into a myrrh tree, later giving birth to Adonis.

Smyrna

daughter of Cinyras and mother of Adonis


Ossonoba

An ancient Roman and pre-Roman city in southwestern Lusitania, in modern Portugal; modern Faro.


Lupercus

Unadapted borrowing from Latin Lupercus.

Πὰν Λυκαῖος
Πὰν Λυκαῖος#Ancient_Greek

(Roman mythology) A god who protected flocks, in some sources identified with Faunus in the aspect of Innus, and by extension as the equivalent of the Greek Πὰν Λυκαῖος (Pàn Lukaîos, “Lycaean Pan”).


Astrape

From Ancient Greek ἀστραπή (astrapḗ, literally “lightning”).

uder

(Greek mythology) The goddess/personification of lightning, sister of Bronte, and an attendant of Zeus. Her Roman counterpart is Fulgora.


Bronte

From Ancient Greek βροντή (brontḗ, “thunder”) or Βρόντης (Bróntēs, “Thunderer, name of one of the cyclops”).

der

(Greek mythology) One of the Cyclops, who forged Zeus's thunderbolts.

(Greek mythology) The goddess personifying thunder.


Fulgora

(Roman mythology) The Roman goddess/personification of lightning. She is the Roman counterpart of Astrape.


Anzu

Learned borrowing from Sumerian 𒀭𒉎𒂂𒄷 (AN.IM.DUGUD^(MUŠEN) /Anzû/, “a mythical dragon-like bird”), origin unknown, perhaps from 𒀭 (An, “heaven”) + 𒍪 (zu, “to know”).

lbor

(Mesopotamian mythology) A divine storm-bird in several Mesopotamian religions.


Cybele

From Latin Cybelē, from Ancient Greek Κυβέλη (Kubélē).

(Greek mythology) A mother goddess of the ancient peoples of Asia Minor.


stratiote

Borrowed from Ancient Greek στρατιώτης (stratiṓtēs).

(Ancient Greece, historical) A small landowner who had an obligation of military service in time of war.


protogenos

From Ancient Greek πρωτόγονος (prōtógonos, “first-born”).

uder

(Greek mythology) Any of the first order of deities to come into existence, according to Greek cosmogony.


Praxiteles

Borrowed from Latin Prāxitelēs, from Ancient Greek Πρᾱξῐτέλης (Prāxĭtélēs).

The altar was adorned with the masterly sculptures of Praxiteles, who had, perhaps, selected from the favorite legends of the place the birth of the divine children of Latona, the concealment of Apollo after the slaughter of the Cyclops, and the clemency of Bacchus to the vanquished Amazons.

1776, Edward Gibbon, chapter X, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC:

Upon its surface of bronze were elaborately wrought, in the still exquisite workmanship of Greece, reliefs of the Olympian games; […] they paused motionless, as if suddenly transformed into stone—lifeless, but lifelike, as one of the breathing wonders of Praxiteles.

1834, [Edward Bulwer-Lytton], chapter I, in The Last Days of Pompeii. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […]; successor to Henry Colburn, →OCLC:

(Ancient Greece) The most renowned of the Attic sculptors of the 4th century BCE, and the first to sculpt the nude female form in a life-size statue.


oak wreath

(usually historical, Ancient Rome) A chaplet of common oak leaves woven to form a crown honouring a soldier who had saved the life of a citizen in battle.

corōna cīvica

garland of oak leaves in honour of a heroic soldier


Ersa

From Ancient Greek Ἕρσα (Hérsa, literally “Dew”).

(Greek mythology) The goddess/personification of the dew.


Argiope

(Greek mythology) Any one of several figures of Greek mythology.

A naiad, daughter of the river god Nilus, wife of Agenor and mother of Europa, Cadmus, Phoenix and Cilix.

In classical Greek mythology, Argiope was a NYMPH of Mount Parnassos in Phokis, central Greece. By the bard Philammon, she gave birth to an even greater musician, her son Thamyris.

2013, Theresa Bane, Encyclopedia of Fairies in World Folklore and Mythology, McFarland, page 34:

A naiad, mother of Thamyris by Philammon and possibly daughter of the river god Cephissus.

A naiad of the town of Eleusis, mother of Cercyon by Branchus; sometimes identified with the above daughter of Cephissus.

A daughter of Teuthras, king of Teuthrania, who married Telephus, son of Heracles.


Adrastea

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀδράστεια (Adrásteia, literally “inescapable”).

bor

(Greek mythology) The goddess of divine retribution


Thebe

(Greek mythology) One of daughters of Zeus.


Himalia

(Greek mythology) A nymph, a mistress of Zeus.


Euporie

(Greek mythology) A Greek goddess of abundance.


Euanthe

From Ancient Greek Εὐάνθη (Euánthē, from εὐ- (eu-, “good-, well-”) + άνθη (ánthē, “blossoms”)). Cognate with Evanthia.

bor

(Greek mythology) A goddess sometimes listed as the mother of the Graces.


Helike

(Greek mythology) A nymph who took care of Zeus in his infancy on Crete.


Praxidike

(Greek mythology) The goddess of judicial punishment and the exactor of vengeance.


Hermippe

(Greek mythology) A daughter of Boeotus. She was married to Orchomenus but had a son with Poseidon.


Thyone

(Greek mythology) Semele, mother of Dionysus.


Taygete

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ταϋγέτη (Taügétē).

bor+

(Greek mythology) One of the Pleiades (daughters of Atlas and Pleione).


Eurydome

(Greek mythology) The mother of the Graces by Zeus.


Pasithee

(Greek mythology) Alternative form of Pasithea


Sinope

From Latin Sinope, from Ancient Greek Σινώπη (Sinṓpē), from Hittite 𒅆𒉡𒉿 (Šinuwa).


Galatea

74 Galatea
Acis and Galatea (mythology)
Galatea
Galatea, New Zealand
Leucippus (daughter of Galatea)

/ˌɡæləˈtiːə/

(Greek mythology) Galatea; a woman who prayed for her daughter to be turned into a son, Leucippus.

(Greek mythology) Galatea; a sea-nymph in Ovid's story of Acis and Galatea.

(Greek mythology) Galatea; name given in the 18th century to the animated statue sculpted by Pygmalion.


Sao

From Ancient Greek Σαώ (Saṓ, literally “the rescuer”), from the verb σῴζω (sṓizō, “to save”).

bor

(astronomy) A moon of Neptune, named after the nymph.


Neso

(Greek mythology) Any of various figures in Greek mythology. See Neso (mythology).


kourotrophic

(Greek mythology) Relating to the goddess Kourotrophos.

Virgin goddesses had no interest in exerting their powers in this way. Instead, the Greeks made them interact with mortal men in a kourotrophic capacity: rather than functioning as sexual partners, they became nurturing guardians of young men approaching adulthood or protectors of male heroes.

2007, Bonnie MacLachlan, Virginity Revisited: Configurations of the Unpossessed Body, page 15:

(Ancient Greece) Relating to the rearing of youths, especially in the context of Ancient Greece.


teuthis

“[…] Compared with one another, the teuthis, or calamary, is long-shaped, and the sepia flat-shaped; and of the calamaries the so-called teuthus is much bigger than the teuthis; for teuthi have been found as much as five ells long.”

1862, Aristotle, translated by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson, History of Animals:


Aetna

From the Latin Aetna, from either Ancient Greek Αἴτνη (Aítnē, “Aetna”) or αἴθω (aíthō, “I burn”), or from a Sicanian dialect Italic base *aith-na (“fiery one”), all from Proto-Indo-European *ai-dh, from *h₂eydʰ- (“burn; fire”). Doublet of Etna.

(Greek mythology and Roman mythology) A nymph in Sicily who, according to legend, gave her name to the volcanic Mount Etna.


Phaedra

Euripides
Hippolytus (play)
Jean Racine
Phaedra (Seneca)
Phaedra (mythology)
Phèdre
Seneca the Younger

From Latin Phaedra, from Ancient Greek Φαίδρᾱ (Phaídrā).
The myth has been retold several times, in plays (in classical times in Euripides's Hippolytus and Seneca the Younger's Phaedra, later in Racine's Phèdre), and more recently in other media.

We notice that Racine's Phaedra, like Euripides', displays high moral dignity because she considers her passion for Hippolytus to be abominable.

1981, Normand Berlin, The Secret Cause: A Discussion of Tragedy, page 46:

Why did Seneca decide to postpone his own Phaedra’s suicide until after Hippolytus' death? The question is by no means as futile as it may sound.

1993, Albert S. Gérard, The Phaedra Syndrome: Of Shame and Guilt in Drama, page 20:

I may add that the notion that Aphrodite is especially cruel because she destroyed Phaedra, who was an innocent victim, since she had no choice, is not a perception that would have been shared by the ancient audience. Not only is it at the very least arguable—in fact likely—that in ancient eyes Phaedra did have a choice,¹⁶⁶ but also the very notions "innocent victim since she had no choice" and "cruel because destroying an innocent victim" are unstable cultural concepts.

2003, Christiane Sourvinou-Inwood, Tragedy and Athenian Religion, page 331:

(Greek mythology) The wife of Theseus, who falls in love with but is spurned by her stepson Hippolytus, then commits suicide, but is the cause of his later death (details vary between versions).


Asclepiades

From Ancient Greek Ἀσκληπιάδης (Asklēpiádēs).

(Greek mythology) A child of Asclepius and Epione (or Aristodama).


Asclepiades

(Ancient Greece) A member of one of the families that claimed descent from Asclepius, known as physicians or healers.


Aegle

From Ancient Greek Αἴγλη (Aíglē, literally “brightness, gleam, glow, radiance, splendour—usually referring to the past”).

lbor

(Greek mythology) The goddess/personification of good health and the glow of health, one of the daughters of Asclepius.


Septimus

Borrowed from Latin Septimus, from septimus (“seventh”).

London has swallowed up many millions of young men called Smith ; thought nothing of fantastic Christian names like Septimus with which their parents have thought to distinguish them .

1925, Virginia Woolf, Mrs Dalloway, Collector's Library, published 2003, →ISBN, page 95:


Ophiotaurus

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ὀφιόταυρος (Ophiótauros, “cow-serpent”).

bor

(Greek mythology) A mythical creature, part bull and part serpent.


Ianthe

From Ancient Greek Ἰάνθη (Iánthē, literally “purple/violet flower”).

der

(Greek mythology) One of the 3,000 Oceanids, the daughters of Oceanus and Tethys.

(Greek mythology) The Cretan girl who married Iphis after Isis turned Iphis from a woman into a man.


Arethusa

/ˌæɹɪˈθjuːzə/

From Ancient Greek Ἀρέθουσα (Aréthousa, literally “The Waterer”).

uder

(Greek mythology) A nereid nymph, who became a fountain.

(Greek mythology) One of the Hesperides nymphs.


Antiope

90 Antiope
Antiope (Amazon)
Antiope (mother of Amphion)

(Greek mythology) An Amazon, daughter of Ares and sister to Melanippe and Hippolyte, (and possibly Orithyia), queens of the Amazons,. She was the wife of Theseus, and the only Amazon known to have married.

(Greek mythology) The daughter of the Boeotian river god Asopus, according to Homer.

Antíope

the daughter of the Boeotian river god Asopus


Thisbe

(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) One of a pair of ill-fated lovers, whose story forms part of Ovid's Metamorphoses.


Klytia

(Greek mythology) An Oceanid, who was known for her unrequited love for Helios.


Feronia

(Roman mythology) A Roman goddess of wildlife, fertility, health and abundance.


Panopaea

(Greek mythology) two of the Nereids. Panope is also the name of one of the daughters of Thespius and Megamede and mother of Heracles' son, Threpsippas.


Danae

(Greek mythology) The mother of Perseus by Zeus.


Elpis

From Ancient Greek Ἐλπίς (Elpís, literally “Hope”).

(Greek mythology) The goddess and personification of hope.


Concordia

58 Concordia
Concordia
Concordia (mythology)

(Roman mythology) The goddess of harmony and concord. She is the Roman equivalent to Harmonia.


Melete

Translingual: Melete

From Latin Melete, from Ancient Greek Μελέτη (Melétē).

(Greek mythology) The Muse of meditation, one of the three original Boeotian muses.


Nysa

(Greek mythology) A mythical land in Greek Mythology.


Pales

(Roman mythology) The deity of shepherds, flocks and livestock in Roman mythology.


Mellona

(Roman mythology) The goddess of bees, and honey.


Aristaeus

/æɹɪˈsteɪəs/

/æɹɪˈstiːəs/

/əˈɹiːstɪəs/

From Ancient Greek Ἀρισταῖος (Aristaîos, literally “Most Excellent, Most Useful”).

bor

(Greek mythology) A minor god of rustic, rural arts such as beekeeping, herding and hunting.


Tyche

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Τύχη (Túkhē), from τύχη (túkhē, “fortune”). Compare Latin Tychō.

The goddess Tyche was a very important deity in the Hellenistic world.¹⁵ "She was not blind chance, but some order of affairs that men could not comprehend."¹⁹ Tyche played her part in great events and in small ones[…].

1933, Richard Mansfield Haywood, Studies on Scipio Africanus, Johns Hopkins Press, page 12:

2000, Terence L. Donaldson (editor), Religious Rivalries and the Struggle for Success in Caesarea Maritima, Canadian Corporation for Studies in Religion, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, page 113,
At Caesarea, several gems depicting a Tyche, as well as a possible statue of Tyche found at Caesarea, show attributes of Isis.

(Greek mythology, in the singular) The goddess of luck/fortune; counterpart of the Roman Fortuna.


Stheno

Ancient Greek Σθενώ (Sthenṓ, literally “forceful”).

uder

(Greek mythology) The eldest and most ferocious of the gorgons.


Pistis

From Ancient Greek Πίστις (Pístis) from Ancient Greek πίστις (pístis, “faith, trust”).

(Greek mythology) A goddess personifying trust, faith and trustworthiness, corresponding to Roman Fides.


Dies

(Roman mythology) One of the Protogenoi, the Protogenos personification of day. She is the daughter of fellow Protogenoi, Nox/Nyx (Night) and Erebus (Darkness), and sister-wife of Aether. She is the Roman counterpart of Hemera.


Aristippian

en-adj

Aristippian (comparative more Aristippian, superlative most Aristippian)

more Aristippian (comparative)
most Aristippian (superlative)

(chiefly historical) Synonym of Cyrenaic, of or related to Aristippus of Cyrene, Aristippus the Younger, or their school of philosophy.


Aristippian

Cyrenaic

(chiefly historical) Synonym of Cyrenaic, an adherent of Cyrenaicism, the school of philosophy founded by Aristippus of Cyrene and codified by Aristippus the Younger.


aedility

From Latin aedilis (“commissioner or magistrate”).

der

Their trunke or hand is most easie to be cut off; for so it happened in the aedility or temple office of Claudius, Antonius and Posthumus being consuls...

1604, Edward Topsell, The History of Four-footed Beasts:

To commemorate his aedility Agrippa added public games lasting for 59 days as well as free admission to 170 public baths.

2013, Jacob Isager, “Book 36: Marble art and architecture”, in Pliny on Art and Society: The Elder Pliny's Chapters On The History Of Art:

(historical, Ancient Rome) The office of an elected official responsible for festivals and the maintenance of public buildings.


Erebos

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἔρεβος (Érebos).

(Greek mythology) Alternative form of Erebus


Eumolpus

Translingual: Eumolpus

(Greek mythology) The son of Poseidon and Chione, who became one of the first priests of Demeter and one of the founders of the Eleusinian Mysteries.


obol

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ὀβολός (obolós) (literally “spit” or “iron rod”). Doublet of obole and pul.

In Classical Athens, there were six obols to one drachma.

(historical) A silver coin of Ancient Greece.


Hedjet

The White Crown of pharaonic Upper Egypt.


Fames

(Roman mythology) A goddess who is a personification of famine and hunger. She is the Roman counterpart of Limos.


Xenophanic

Of or relating to the pre-Socratic philosopher Xenophanes of Colophon.


Euclidean alphabet

Named after Euclid, the archon of Athens responsible for its adoption.

The classical Greek alphabet, a modified form of the Ionic alphabet adopted by Athens in 403 BC following its defeat in the Peloponnesian War.


Zurvanism

Of Persian origin, Zurvan + -ism, from Middle Persian [script needed] (Zurvān), from Avestan 𐬰𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬥 (zruuān, “time”).

(Zoroastrianism, historical) A now-extinct branch of Zoroastrianism that had the divinity Zurvan as its primordial creator deity.


Xuthus

(Greek mythology) A son of Hellen and Orseis, and founder (through his sons) of the Achaean and Ionian nations.


fetial

From Latin fētiālis (“priest who sanctioned treaties and demanded satisfaction from enemies before formal declarations of war”).
The root of the Latin word is thought to be Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do, place, put”), also the source of the verb Latin faciō (“to do; to build, construct; to appoint”). The nominalized form of this verb, Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁tis (“act of putting, placement”), would have developed into an Italic noun *fētis (unattested, but conjectured to mean something like "statute, treaty" or "prescription, law", developing to mean "body of priests"), which was combined with the adjective-forming suffix -ālis to yield Latin fētiālis.
The unadapted Latin forms fetialis (singular) and fetiales (plural) are also used in English, sometimes with italicization, sometimes without.

der

Nicomachus, as explained in the next line, was already known to the Elean priests or fetials, or whatever we are to call them, as a guest-friend.

1892, Pindar, “Isthmian II. Ode in Honour of a Victory in the Chariot-race at Isthmus Won by Xenocrates of Acragas”, in J[ohn] B[agnell] Bury, editor, ΠΙΝΔΑΡΟΥ ΕΠΙΝΙΚΟΙ ΙΣΘΜΙΟΝΙΚΑΙΣ [PINDAROU EPINIKOI ISTHMIONIKAIS] = The Isthmian Odes of Pindar: Edited with Introduction and Commentary, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, footnote 23, page 45, column 1:

It was customary for the fetial to carry to the bounds of the other nation a cornetwood spear, iron-pointed or hardened in the fire, and in the presence of not less than three grown men to say, "Whereas the tribes of the Ancient Latins and men of the Ancient Latins have been guilty of acts and offences against the Roman People of the Quirites; […] I therefore and the Roman People declare and make war on the tribes of the Ancient Latins and the men of the Ancient Latins." Having said this, he would hurl his spear into their territory.

1919, Livy, “Ab Urbe Condita: Liber I [From the Founding of the City: Book I]”, in B. O. Foster, transl., Livy in Fourteen Volumes … With an English Translation (Loeb Classical Library), volumes I (Books I and II), Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann Ltd., published 1967, →OCLC, paragraph XXXII, page 119:

After an insult had been offered Rome, or a wrong inflicted on it, several of the twenty sacred heralds, members of the College of Fecials, proceeded to demand reparation. […] [I]f war were decided, a second deputation of fecials was nominated upon whom was placed the symbolic duty of discharging a javelin into the enemy camp. This part of the procedure had obvious difficultes, and, after resorting to the fiction of performing it at an enemy camp in Rome, the fecials finally adopted an appropriate ceremony at the temple of Bellona. The fecials also had religious functions at the conclusion of a peace. It was the oath taken by the chief fecial which sanctified a treaty entered into with, or by, the Roman people.

1928, Geoffrey Butler, Simon Maccoby, “Intercourse: In Peace”, in The Development of International Law (Contributions to International Law and Diplomacy), London, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd.; reprinted Clark, N.J.: The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd., 2003 (2007 printing), →ISBN, page 74:

[P]erhaps the shadowy fetials were never actually an independent priesthood but were senatorial priests assigned diplomatic functions. If fetials were originally senators, this would explain the parallel fetial and senatorial function in "international relations" and account for the continuity between fetials and later senatorial legates. Of the twenty patrician fetials, only four were customarily chosen to serve in an embassy.

2005, Richard E. Mitchell, “The Definition of Patres and Plebs: An End to the Struggle of the Orders”, in Kurt A[rnold] Raaflaub, editor, Social Struggles in Archaic Rome: New Perspectives on the Conflict of the Orders, 2nd expanded and updated edition, Malden, Mass., London: Blackwell Publishing, →ISBN, pages 142–143:

According to authors of the late Republic, the fetials supervised Roman adherence to the iura belli, the laws of war. How, then, should we interpret the silence with respect to the fetials of Polybius, the central concern of whose history was Roman imperialism, but who mentions the fetials not even once?

2008, Clifford Ando, “Religion and Imperialism at Rome”, in The Matter of the Gods: Religion and the Roman Empire (The Transformation of the Classical Heritage), Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif, London: University of California Press, part II (Gods of the Far-flung Empire), page 128:

Fetiales also investigated allies' claims of abuse by Romans; if substantiated, the fetiales delivered the men accused to the injured parties.

2016, Amanda J. Coles, “Ius Fetiale”, in Sara E[lise] Phang, Iain Spence, Douglas Kelly, Peter Londey, editors, Conflict in Ancient Greece and Rome: The Definitive Political, Social, and Military Encyclopedia, volumes 3 (H–Z, Roman Section), Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 973, column 2:

(Ancient Rome, politics, religion, historical) A member of the Roman college of priests who acted as representatives in disputes with foreign nations.


Actium

From Latin Actium, from Ancient Greek Ἄκτιον (Áktion).

A promontory in Acarnania in Ancient Greece where Mark Antony and Cleopatra were defeated by Octavian in a naval battle in 31 B.C.


agonistarch

From Latin agonistarcha, from Ancient Greek *ἀγωνιστάρχης (*agōnistárkhēs), from ἀγωνιστής (agōnistḗs, “contestant”) + ἀρχός (arkhós, “leader”).

*ἀγωνιστάρχης

(Ancient Greece) One who trained persons to compete in public games and contests.

agonistarca

one who trained persons to compete in public games and contests


sciapod

To the modern viewer, though, it is the weirdness that most enthrals: the rich, demonic and comical features, like the sciapod – a man deploying his single swollen foot to shield himself from the sun.

2012, Simon Garfield, On the Map, Profile Books, page 48:

(Greek mythology) A member of a mythical race of humans living in Africa, who have one single, large foot which they use to shade themselves from the rays of the sun.

ciápode

a member of a mythical African race, who have a single, large foot


Seshat

From the Ancient Egyptian šsꜣ "scribe" + feminine determinative t; šsꜣ.t "female scribe".

Seshat represents the organizational capacity of keeping records—knowledge, information, etc.
Seshat is depicted carrying the reed pen and palette, and records deeds in eternity/space, i.e. memory. As such, Seshat is referred to as: The Enumerator, Lady of Writing(s), Scribe, Head of the House of the Divine Books (Archives), Lady of Builders...

2001, Moustafa Gadalla, Egyptian Divinities: The All Who Are the One, page 50:

The link between the measurement of space and measurement of time is also clear from early periods in the activities of the goddess Seshat, the goddess associated with the foundation ceremony, during which the orientation of buildings was established.

2010, Kate Spence, “Establishing direction in early Egyptian burials and monumental architecture”, in Iain Morley, Colin Renfrew, editors, The Archaeology of Measurement: Comprehending Heaven, Earth and Time in Ancient Societies, page 176:

At least eight separate Egyptologists, in addition to myself, have suggested that the ancient Egyptians directly identified Seshat as a form or aspect of Nebt-het (101).

2010, Tamara L. Siuda, Nebt-het: Lady of the House, 2nd edition, page 14:

The most important of these scenes shows the king leaving his palace with the goddess of writing, Seshat, in order to lay out the foundations for the temple.

2010, Zahi A. Hawass, Wonders of the Horus Temple: The Sound and Light of Edfu, page 8:

(Egyptian mythology) The Egyptian goddess of writing and wisdom, often depicted as a scribe or recordkeeper.


Sokar

(Egyptian mythology) An Ancient Egyptian hawk god of the Memphite necropolis.


Vertumnus

(Roman mythology) The Ancient Roman god of seasons, change, and plant growth, capable of changing his form at will.


Vertumnalia

An Ancient Roman festival in honour of Vertumnus, held on 13 August.


nomen gentilicium

en-noun

nomen gentilicium (plural nomina gentilicia)

/ˈnəʊmɛn d͡ʒɛntaɪˈlɪsɪəm/

Borrowed from Latin nōmen (“name”) + gentīlicium (nominative neuter singular form of gentīlicius, “belonging to a particular Roman gens”).

The name designating a Roman citizen as a member of a particular gens; a gentile name.


carenum

From Latin carēnum or caroenum, from Ancient Greek κάροινον (károinon), q.v.

(historical cooking) A reduction of must or sweet wine produced by boiling it in large kettles until it was reduced by half or two-thirds in volume.


Alectryon

And there he lingered till the crowing cock, / The Alectryon of the farmyard and the flock, / Sang his aubade with lusty voice and clear, / To tell the sleeping world that dawn was near.

1873 August, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “[I. Tales of a Wayside Inn.] The Student’s Tale. Emma and Eginhard.”, in Aftermath, Boston, Mass.: James R[ipley] Osgood and Company, late Ticknor & Fields, and Fields, Osgood, & Co., →OCLC, page 27:

(Greek mythology) A youth charged by Ares to stand guard outside his door while the god indulged in illicit love with Aphrodite. He fell asleep and was transformed into a rooster as punishment.


Byzantine studies

(humanities) an interdisciplinary branch of the humanities that addresses the history, culture, costumes, religion, art, such as literature and music, science, economy, and politics of the Byzantine Empire

byzantologie

study of history, culture, etc. of the Byzantine Empire


paideia

From Ancient Greek παιδείᾱ (paideíā, “rearing of a child, education”), from παιδεύω (paideúō, “rear a child”) + -ίᾱ (-íā), from παῖς (paîs, “child”).

suffix

(Ancient Greece, historical, education) An Athenian system of education designed to give students a broad cultural background focusing on integration into the public life of the city-state with subject matter including gymnastics, grammar, rhetoric, music, mathematics, geography, natural history, and philosophy

(Ancient Greece, historical, education) The epitome of physical and intellectual achievement to which an Ancient Greek citizen could aspire; societal and cultural perfection.


shen ring

Borrowed from Egyptian šn (“shen ring, circuit”), a derivative of šnj (“to be round, to encircle”).

bor+

In its elongated form, the shen ring became the cartouche which enclosed and protected a royal name.

A circle with a line at a tangent to it, represented in hieroglyphs as a stylized loop of rope, representing eternal protection.


Eumenides

From Ancient Greek Εὐμενίδες (Eumenídes, “gracious ones”).


asha

Transliteration of Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a). Doublet of rta.

(Zoroastrianism) The concept of truth and existence in Zoroastrianism, usually associated with the Amesha Spentas.


Philomela

From Latin Philomela, from Ancient Greek Φιλομήλη (Philomḗlē), from φίλος (phílos, “love”) + μῆλον (mêlon, “apple; fruit; sheep”), but folk-etymologized since at least Ovid's time as "lover of song".

affix

(Greek mythology) the sister of Procne who is raped and mutilated by her brother-in-law Tereus and supposedly transformed into a bird by the gods.


Zenonism

From Zeno + -ism, with the terminal "n" from Ancient Greek Ζήνων (Zḗnōn).

The philosophy of Zeno of Citium; stoicism.


Zenonian

en-adj

Zenonian (comparative more Zenonian, superlative most Zenonian)

more Zenonian (comparative)
most Zenonian (superlative)

From Zeno + -ian, with the terminal "n" from Ancient Greek Ζήνων (Zḗnōn).

Pertaining to any of various people named Zeno, or to their philosophies.


Zenonic

Zenonic (comparative more Zenonic, superlative most Zenonic)

more Zenonic (comparative)
most Zenonic (superlative)

From Zeno + -ic, with the terminal "n" from Ancient Greek Ζήνων (Zḗnōn).


Laelaps

(Greek mythology) A dog who never failed to catch what he was hunting.


Levana

(Roman mythology) An Ancient Roman goddess involved in rituals relating to childbirth.


Endymion

Endymion
Endymion (poem)
John Keats
Sebastiano Ricci

The heavenly bodies may keep their secrets two or three thousand years yet; but one or other of them will betray them to some wakeful favorite, some Endymion beyond Latmos, perhaps in regions undiscovered, certainly in uncalculated times.

a. 1864, Walter Savage Landor, Pericles and Aspasia, Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, published 1905, page 82:

(Greek mythology) A man described variously as a handsome Aeolian shepherd, hunter, or king, who was loved by Selene or Artemis (the two being often conflated) and was said to rule and live at Olympia in Elis, as well as venerated and said to reside in Caria, southwest Asia Minor, on Mount Latmus.


Zend

Via Zoroastrian Middle Persian znd (zand, “understanding, interpretation”), from Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬙𐬌 (zainti, “understanding”), from Avestan verbal root 𐬰𐬀𐬥- (zan-, “to know, to understand”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-.

der

As to grammatical forms, the Gâtha dialect shows not a few deviations from the current Zend language.

1878, Martin Haug, Essays on the Sacred Language, Writings, and Religion of the Parsis. Trübner, page 115

[The Avesta] is the only work known to be written in the Zend language.

1819, William Erskine, “On the Sacred Books and Religion of the Parsis”, in Trans. of the Lit. Soc. of Bombay, II, 1820, page 312:

The dialect in which these writings are composed goes usually by the name of the Zend ; it is also styled the Avestan, and sometimes the Old Bactrian, from the country Bactria, the north-easternmost region of the great Iranian territory, which is supposed to have been its specific locality.

1867, William Dwight Whitney, Language and the Study of Language, Trübner, page 222:


Homeric Greek

(linguistics, classics) a dialect of Ancient Greek used by Homer in the Iliad, the Odyssey, and the Homeric Hymns consisting primarily of the Ionian and Aeolic Greek dialects


armilustrum

The nine days' sacred rite was then performed again, because a shower of stones had been seen to fall in the armilustrum.

1828, The History of Rome, volume 2, Talboys and Vincent:

In the times of the kings and of the republic it was covered with sumptuous edifices, the armilustrum, the temples of Diana, Juno Regina, Dea bona, Minerva, the atrium of Liberty, the palaces of Sura, of Trajan and the thermæ of Decius.

1849, Antonio Nibby, New Guide of Rome and the Environs:

S. Alessio, on the Aventine, supposed to mark the site of the Armilustrum, where Plutarch tells us that Tatius was interred.

1869, A Handbook of Rome and its Environs:

Beyond, on the left, is the CHURCH OF S. ALEXIUS, on the site of the Armilustrum, where the Sabine king, Titus Tatius, was buried.

1892, S. Russell Forbes, Rambles in Rome:

(Ancient Rome) A festival, in Ancient Rome, in honour of Mars, the god of war.


Yahwism

(religion, historical) A religion of Iron Age Israel, believing in a pantheon of gods headed by Yahweh.


thread of life

(Greek mythology) A metaphor for a person’s lifespan, as generated by Clotho, measured out by Lachesis, and terminated by Atropos.

livstråd

metaphor for the lifespan of an individual


serpopard

(Egyptian mythology, Mesopotamian mythology) A mythical animal resembling a serpent-necked leopard, known from Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian depictions.


Ahura

Transliteration of Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬎𐬭𐬀 (ahura, “lord”). Doublet of Asura.

translit

Ahura Berezant Apam Napat
Apam Napat#English

(Zoroastrianism) Title of the three members of the ahuric triad – Ahura Mazda, Ahura Mithra, and Ahura Berezant Apam Napat – that regulate (or, in the case of Mazda, create) the physical and moral order (asha).


ahura

Transliteration of Avestan 𐬀𐬵𐬎𐬭𐬀 (ahura, “lord”).

(Zoroastrianism) A member of the ahuric triad.