seacoal

October 9, 1677. "John Thompson of Setauket has a permit to go to Flushing and other parts of Long Island to search for sea-coal, of which he hath probable information."

1896, Martha Bockée Flint (1841-1900), Early Long Island, a colonial study, Liveright, page 22:

coal from inside the sea: mineral coal that washes up from the sea onto beaches, from which it can be collected and sold.

(historical, chiefly Southern England) coal from across the sea: mineral coal, as opposed to charcoal, in a time and place in which the former arrived by ship and the latter arrived overland (such as London in Elizabethan times).

2020, Ruth Goodman, The Domestic Revolution: How the Introduction of Coal Into Victorian Homes Changed Everything, Liveright, →ISBN, page xvii:
And the change came fast. In 1570 there was still little sign of any major divergence from the traditional use of wood as fuel. Less than forty years later, in 1607, a case brought by the Crown in the Star Chamber stated as fact that ‘sea coal’ — a name for the coal that arrived in London by ship from Newcastle — was ‘the ordinary and usual fuel … almost everywhere in every man's house’. A single generation had made the switch.

(historical, technical, chiefly US) coal to be used at sea: a certain class of mineral coal, especially suitable for the steam engines of ships at sea and locomotives.

Such coal used in foundry practice, intermixed with foundry sand or applied in a layer on its face, to modify the behavior of the molten metal.


dyneme

en-noun

dyneme (countable and uncountable, plural dynemes)

Polyethylene with a very high molecular weight.


fraccing

I have also heard from geologists who say they spell it fraccing, and one who says it's fracting with a silent t.

2009 June 25, Ed Quillen, “Fracking, fracing or fraccing?”, in High Country News, Paonia, CO:

Fraccing is the process of creating cracks in underground coal seams to increase the flow and recovery of gas or oil out of a well.

2012, Queensland Government, “Hydraulic fracturing (fraccing) in CSG wells”, in Department of Environmental and Resource Management, archived from the original on 2011-04-01:

Moreover, the industry has a great deal of experience with fraccing. More than a million wells have been fracced in the United States since the first frac job six decades ago.

2012 January 3, Ralph Benko, “Daniel Yergin's The Quest”, in Forbes:

Fraccing fluids contain proppants that forced into the natural fractures of fissures of the rock under pressure.

2014, Alireza Bahadori, Natural Gas Processing: Technology and Engineering Design (Technology and Engineering), Gulf Professional Publishing, →ISBN:

(oil industry) Alternative spelling of fracking


lignitic

en-adj

lignitic (comparative more lignitic, superlative most lignitic)

more lignitic (comparative)
most lignitic (superlative)

lignitic clay

lignitic coal

lignitic sediment


bituminiferous

bituminiferous (comparative more bituminiferous, superlative most bituminiferous)

more bituminiferous (comparative)
most bituminiferous (superlative)

From Latin bitumen (stem bitumin-) + -iferous.

af

Bituminiferous and cupriferous {{long sand}}

1799, Richard Kirwan, Geological Essays:


lignitiferous

en-adj

lignitiferous (comparative more lignitiferous, superlative most lignitiferous)

more lignitiferous (comparative)
most lignitiferous (superlative)

Producing or containing lignite; lignitic


anthraciferous

anthraciferous (comparative more anthraciferous, superlative most anthraciferous)

more anthraciferous (comparative)
most anthraciferous (superlative)

anthraciferous sandstone

anthraciferous strata


cymogene

en-noun

cymogene (usually uncountable, plural cymogenes)

(organic chemistry, petrochemistry) A highly volatile liquid, condensed by cold and pressure from the first products of the distillation of petroleum; used for producing low temperatures.


workover

Shell launched a massive "work over" campaign during my second year in Brunei. A work over is basically an existing production well that needs a service.

2005, Paul Carter, Don't Tell Mum I Work on the Rigs, Crows Nest: Allen and Unwin, page 44:

Any kind of oil well intervention involving invasive techniques, such as wireline or snubbing.

капита́льный ремо́нт сква́жин

invasive intervention into oil well structure


hypercarbia

(pathology) the condition of having an abnormally high concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood


carbonitride

en-verb

carbonitride (third-person singular simple present carbonitrides, present participle carbonitriding, simple past and past participle carbonitrided)

carbonitrides (present singular third-person)
carbonitriding (participle present)
carbonitrided (participle past)
carbonitrided (past)

To harden the surface of a metal using carbon and nitrogen


carbonitride

(inorganic chemistry) A mixed carbide and nitride


nitrocarburize

nitrocarburize (third-person singular simple present nitrocarburizes, present participle nitrocarburizing, simple past and past participle nitrocarburized)

nitrocarburizes (present singular third-person)
nitrocarburizing (participle present)
nitrocarburized (participle past)
nitrocarburized (past)

To harden the surface of (a ferrous metal) by diffusing nitrogen and carbon atoms into it.


coal-whipper

[W]e were in among the tiers of shipping […] [H]ere, were colliers by the score and score, with the coal-whippers plunging off stages on deck, as counterweights to measures of coal swinging up, which were then rattled over the side into barges […]

1860 December – 1861 August, Charles Dickens, Great Expectations […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, […], published October 1861, →OCLC:

(UK, dated) One who raises coal out of the hold of a ship.


cosmoline

Probably from cosmetic + Latin oleum (“oil”).

(organic chemistry, petrochemistry) A substance obtained from the residues of the distillation of petroleum, essentially the same as vaseline, but of somewhat stiffer consistency, and consisting of a mixture of the higher paraffins.


carbonatation

en-noun

carbonatation (usually uncountable, plural carbonatations)

Carbonatation is used in refining sugar from sugar beet.

(physical chemistry) A chemical reaction in which calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide to form insoluble calcium carbonate.


cannel coal

cannel coal (countable and uncountable, plural cannel coals)

Gerald was enthusiastic. After a while they shook hands, it being time to separate. And for a long time Selwyn sat there alone in the visitors’ room, absent-eyed, facing the blazing fire of cannel coal.

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter II, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:


coal-meter

(obsolete, UK) A licensed or official coal measurer in London.


carbochlorination

(organic chemistry) Reaction with carbon and chlorine, either as the elements or as phosgene


carbochemistry

The chemistry of carbon, especially the chemical transformation of coal into industrially useful materials


steam coal

steam coal (usually uncountable, plural steam coals)

A coal which has a grade between bituminous coal and anthracite, and which was once widely used as a fuel for steam engines in ships and locomotives.


nutty slack

Mr. Nabarro asked the Minister of Fuel and Power the calorific value of nutty slack currently being marketed to domestic consumers, ration-free, by the National Coal Board, compared with normal house coals; what quantity of nutty slack is to be available, in total, during the present coal-winter; the market response to date; how much nutty slack it is estimated will be sold this winter; and whether nutty slack is to be a permanent, ration-free feature of our domestic fuel economy.

1953 February 2, Gerald Nabarro, Member of Parliament for Kidderminster, “Nutty Slack”, in Parliamentary Debates (Hansard): House of Commons Official Report (House of Commons of the United Kingdom), volume 510, London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, →ISSN, →OCLC, columns 1460–1461:

(British, historical) A cheap fuel consisting of slack (“coal dust”) and nuts (“small lumps of coal”); unlike other solid fuels it was not rationed during the period after World War II.


deparaffinization

(oil industry) The removal of paraffin and ceresin from petroleum products


PRMS

Rosneft said its hydrocarbon reserve life was 26 years, 23 years for oil and 66 years for gas, under the PRMS rules.

2010, “Rosneft retained world's biggest reserves in 2009”, in Reuters:

(petrochemistry) Initialism of Petroleum Resources Management System.


anthracosis

(pneumology, pathology) A relatively mild pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of coal.


illuminating gas

Any of several types of flammable gas produced and distributed commercially, especially when used for gaslight; coal gas, water gas, and natural gas have all been sold as illuminating gas or town gas.


diamond anvil cell

diamond anvil cell (plural diamond anvil cells)

A device that is used to subject small samples of materials to exceptionally high pressures


buckwheat coal

buckwheat coal (usually uncountable, plural buckwheat coals)


coke breeze

The cook-house was like a cathedral's nave, aisles being divided off by the pipes of stoves. The floor was of coke-brise, shining under french polish and turpentine.

1930, Ford Madox Ford, No More Parades, Grosset & Dunlap, page 308:

A building material composed of cement and breeze; low-grade concrete.


CHNOPS

From C + H + N + O + P + S.
From the translingual CHNOPS.

CHNOPS; Acronym of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur.


CHON

From C + H + O + N. From translingual CHON.

Acronym of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.


dice coal

Rhomboidal coal (commonly called dice coal), in contradistinction to coals which do not break in rhombs.

1804, James Sowerby, British Mineralogy:

(dated) A kind of coal that easily splits into cubical fragments.


netback

netback (countable and uncountable, plural netbacks)

From net + back. The term was widely adopted by the oil industry in the second half of 1985.

(oil industry) Revenues received from the sale of oil or gas on spot market minus the costs of extraction, processing and transportation.


fuel oil

fuel oil (usually uncountable, plural fuel oils)

Specifically, the heaviest commercial fuel that can be obtained from crude oil.


splent coal

(archaic) An inferior kind of cannel coal from Scottish collieries, having a slaty structure.


fuel economy

fuel economy (countable and uncountable, plural fuel economies)

A measure of the amount of fuel consumed in a car or other vehicle based on the distance traveled.


coal hole

A hole in the pavement with a removable hatch, leading to an underground coal bunker.


blind coal

Coal that burns without a flame; anthracite coal.


soft coal

Bituminous coal, as distinguished from hard coal (anthracite).


gas coal

gas coal (countable and uncountable, plural gas coals)

It is a good gas-coal, and well fitted for steam purposes, and for use in reverberatory furnaces.

1870, Rossiter Worthington Raymond, Statistics of Mines and Mining in the States and Territories West of the Rocky Mountains:

A bituminous or hydrogenous coal yielding a high proportion of volatile material, and therefore available for the manufacture of illuminating gas.


dead oil

dead oil (usually uncountable, plural dead oils)

The heavy oil obtained in the distillation of coal tar, containing phenol, naphthalus, etc.


caking coal

A bituminous coal which softens and becomes pasty or semiviscid when heated. On increasing the heat, the volatile products are driven off, and a coherent, grayish-black, cellular mass of coke is left.


light oil

(petrochemistry) The oily product, lighter than water, forming the chief part of the first distillate of coal tar, and consisting largely of benzene and toluene.


mother of coal

Apparently named by analogy with mother of pearl and mother of vinegar, on the theme of a matrix that produces (or was believed to produce) the end product and also coexists therewith.


mineral coal

Coal coming from the ground, as opposed to charcoal produced by recent burning.


hard coal

hard coal (usually uncountable, plural hard coals)

Anthracite, as distinguished from bituminous soft coal.


carbophobic

en-adj

carbophobic (comparative more carbophobic, superlative most carbophobic)

more carbophobic (comparative)
most carbophobic (superlative)

(organic chemistry) lacking an affinity for carbon atoms in a molecule

the heterogeneity of the filler surface (presence of carbophilic and carbophobic sections)

1979, Polymer Science U.S.S.R., volume 20, page 2377:

This approach uses a second carbophobic metal.

1984, Bureau of Mines research, page 56:

(organic chemistry) Lacking an affinity for carbohydrates


thermal coal

the type of coal used in coal-fired electrical power plants


metallurgical coal

en-noun

metallurgical coal (countable and uncountable, plural metallurgical coals)

The type of coal used for the making of steel.


carbophilic

en-adj

carbophilic (comparative more carbophilic, superlative most carbophilic)

more carbophilic (comparative)
most carbophilic (superlative)

(organic chemistry) Having an affinity for carbon atoms in a molecule (especially an unsaturated one)


fly ash

From fly (“(obsolete) act of flying”, noun) + ash.

compound

Heat exchangers should be kept free of debris to minimize the possibility of fire. Fly ash deposited in heat exchangers may cause nonuniform temperatures. Therefore, the exchangers should be disconnected and cleaned out regularly.

1956 December, Edmund F. Rasmussen [et al.], “Heating System”, in Inspection and Maintenance of Lumber Dry Kilns and Equipment: Information on Ways and Means of Keeping Lumber Dry Kilns Operating Efficiently (Report no. 1900-4), Madison, Wis.: Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service, United States Department of Agriculture in association with the University of Wisconsin, →OCLC, page 19:

Among new freight vehicles was a prototype 21-ton wagon with pressure discharge for the conveyance of fly ash from power stations, […]

1964 August, “BR [British Rail] in 1963 – ‘We have Turned the Financial Corner’”, in Modern Railways, Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 115:

Furnaces and boilers with horizontal heating surfaces require frequent cleaning, because fly ash (fine powdery ash) collects on these surfaces.

1975 May, Joseph W[inslow] Simons, “Fuels and Burners”, in Home Heating: Systems, Fuels, Controls (Farmers’ Bulletin; no. 2235), Washington, D.C.: Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, →OCLC, page 19, column 2:

Besides our sending out of cement by rail, we also bring in pulverised fly-ash, typically once a week, which comes from Drax Power Station and is used in the cement manufacturing process, […]

2022 September 7, Gareth David, “Class 20 Stronghold in the Peak District”, in Rail, number 965, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 45:

A residue generated in the combustion of powdered coal or other materials, comprising the fine particles that rise with the flue gases; when generated industrially it is usually captured and can be recycled for use in construction materials.


black diamond

en-noun

black diamond (countable and uncountable, plural black diamonds)

Carbonado, a natural diamond that is black in color.

conspicuous consumption
conspicuous consumption

(South Africa, derogatory) A member of the new affluent black middle class in South Africa, characterized by conspicuous consumption.


carbonific

The coating contains a carbonific compound that reacts with the intumescent catalyst to form a carbon residue, and a spumific compound that decomposes to produce large quantities of gas.

1978, Anthony Joseph Papa, Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials - Volume 4, page 93:

1979, National Research Council (U.S.). Committee of Fire Safety Aspects of Polymeric Materials, Elements of Polymer Fire Safety and Guide to the Designer, page 49:

The carbonific components may be organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups or oxirane rings.

2000, Fire Retardant Chemicals Association (U.S.). Spring Conference, Fire Safety Developments, page 91:

(physical chemistry) Decomposing to create a greater volume of carbon than the volume of the original material


carbonific

The resultant acid reacts with the carbonific.

1977, Norman I. Gaynes, Testing of organic coatings, page 244:

The phosphoric acid formed by heating the phosphate reacts with the carbonific to accelerate the char formation.

1983, M. Lieff, Fire Resistive Coatings: The Need for Standards : a Symposium, →ISBN:

(physical chemistry) A compound that decomposes to produce a mass of carbon with a greater volume than the original compound.


dicarbon

dicarbon (countable and uncountable, plural dicarbons)

(countable, chemistry, astrochemistry) A molecular species composed of only two carbon atoms, and nothing else


lead pencil

Graphite was once thought to be a form of lead.


anthracosilicosis

Advanced pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of coal dust.


coal burner

(derogatory, ethnic slur) A nonblack person, usually a woman, who has sexual relationships with black people, usually men.


BTX

(petrochemistry) Initialism of (mixture of) benzene, toluene, and xylenes.


jet propellant 1
jet propellant 1#English

(aviation) Initialism of jet propellant 1 (a highly refined kerosene; a type of jet fuel).

avgas

aviation gasoline; similar to leaded automotive petrol gasoline; not a jet fuel

Jet A

a type of jet fuel, similar to automotive diesel fuel


rocket propellant 1
rocket propellant 1#English

(astronautics) Initialism of rocket propellant 1 (a highly refined kerosene; usually used in combination with LOX).


jet fuel

jet fuel (countable and uncountable, plural jet fuels)

Near-synonym: (often synonymous) lamp oil

(aviation) The fuel that powers a jet aircraft.

(sometimes humorous, hyperbolic) Kerosene.

The fuel that powers a jet aircraft.
Kerosene.


moon pool

From moon + pool, from the fact that, on some nights, moonlight can be seen reflected by the surface of the sea through the opening, making it resemble a swimming pool.

(nautical, chiefly oil industry) An opening in the base of the hull of a vessel (especially a marine drilling platform), which is used for lowering equipment into the sea below.

moonpool

opening in the base of the hull of a vessel, which is used for lowering equipment into the sea below


coal cracker

Our first coal region poll, and what a great one it was! Coal Crackers sure do love their pizza.

1998 October, “Top Ten Lists: Pizza Parlors”, in CoalRegion.com, retrieved 2016-10-29:

Pawel Gobol is Joey's humble father, a coal cracker who worked in the mines since he was 15.

2008, Gene Gomolka, Coal Cracker's Son, Back cover (Google books)

Pennsylvania Lt. Gov. Mike Stack . . . said his grandfather was a “coal cracker from Girardville.”

2016 March 20, Mark Gilger Jr., “Revelers celebrate St. Patrick’s Day, Irish history at Girardville parade”, in The Republican-Herald, Pennsylvania, US, retrieved 2016-10-29:

(US, slang) A native or established resident of the traditional coal-mining area of northeastern Pennsylvania; a worker in the mines of this region.


Coalgate

A small town in Selwyn District, Canterbury, New Zealand, where lignite was mined.

A small city, the county seat of Coal County, Oklahoma, United States.

A former unincorporated community in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States.


bituminosulfonate

ammonium bituminosulfonate
ammonium bituminosulfonate

(organic chemistry, petrochemistry) An anion found in ammonium bituminosulfonate (ichthammol), obtained by dry distillation of oil shale and subsequent sulfonation.


binchotan

Borrowed from Japanese 備長炭 (binchō-tan).

Both kitchens are fans of binchotan, the compressed Japanese charcoal that burns especially hot and clean. The high heat of it, however, is best suited to searing food over glowing coals.

2020 October 27, Thomas Keller, The French Laundry, Per Se (The Thomas Keller Library), Artisan Books, →ISBN, page 270:

We use binchotan, a pre-burned hardwood or bamboo, for its intense and steady heat to keep serving these all night, but any clean-burning charcoal you can keep red-hot will do.

2021 March 9, Brandon Jew, Tienlon Ho, Mister Jiu's in Chinatown: Recipes and Stories from the Birthplace of Chinese American Food, Ten Speed Press, →ISBN, page 224:

A kind of oak charcoal used in traditional Japanese cooking.


oil tanker

(nautical) A ship that transports oil (petroleum), such as crude oil or bunker oil.


kerolox

(astronautics) A type of binary rocket fuel composed of liquid oxygen (lox) oxidizer and liquid kerosene combustible.

Rocket Propellant 1; a specialized formulation of kerosene

Jet Propellant 1; a specialized formulation of kerosene

Jet Propellant 8; a specialized formulation of kerosene

Jet A

Jet Fuel A; a specialized formulation of kerosene


pump attendant

Someone who works at a petrol station filling up vehicles with petrol


bunkerer

The JTF security report signed by Briagier General Lawrence Ngubare, former commander of the task force further stated that BoyLoaf was bent on becoming an illegal oil bunkerer and is known to have a violent disposition.

2008, Newswatch: Nigeria's Weekly Magazine, page 15:

Bunkering is comprised of a complex network of engineers, welders, intelligence and armed security operatives, boat and ship captains, pumpers, handlers, and traders. One bunkerer describes the process as “pipeline vandalization to steal refined or crude oil products and transportation of these products in various vessels such as barges and tankers to sell locally and internationally”.

2015, Hannah Appel, Subterranean Estates: Life Worlds of Oil and Gas, page 79:


vitrain

vitrain (countable and uncountable, plural vitrains)

The caking behaviour of vitrain and clarain could be improved after the coal has been picked out.

1996, T.S. Golosinski, Guo Yuguang, Mining Science and Technology 1996, →ISBN, page 396:

In order to measure relatively accurately the activation energy of coal, and to exclude the disturbance from coal samples, the hand-picked banded vitrains in bright coal are adopted as experimental samples (Table 1).

1997, Yang Qi, Geology of Fossil Fuels: Coal, →ISBN, page 149:

Thus, it may be concluded that a lower viscosity of plastic vitrain grains facilitates pores to grow and coalesce and grains to stick to one another to create intergrain pores.

2012, C.E. Snape, Composition, Geochemistry and Conversion of Oil Shales, →ISBN, page 491:

A constituent of banded bituminous coal consisting of a horizontal glossy band of friable material.


smithy coal

smithy coal (countable and uncountable, plural smithy coals)

A kind of small coal much used by smiths.


semibituminous

semibituminous coal


coal train

Some interesting facts have recently been made known by the L.N.E.R. concerning the 178-ton Garratt 2-8-0 + 0-8-2 engine No. 2395, which since construction in 1925 has spent the whole of its working life banking coal trains up the 3 miles of 1 in 40 between Wentworth junction and West Silkstone, on the Worsborough branch, near Barnsley.

1942 March, “Notes and News: Locomotive Notes”, in Railway Magazine, page 93:

Out in Ohio on test on level, tangent track a single 2-6-6-6 once moved a 160-car, 14.083-ton coal train to 19 miles per hour from a standing start in 1 mile and 6 minutes, and had it rolling 29 miles per hour within a total elapsed time of 11 minutes.

1959, David P. Morgan, editor, Steam's Finest Hour, Kalmbach Publishing Co., page 61:

One of the biggest flows of traffic through Trent consists of coal trains from Toton to Castle Donington or Willington power stations (on the Castle Donington branch) or to the Birmingham area, with two or three trains to Chaddesden.

1961 March, Warren Smith, “The problems of train regulation - a study of operation at Trent”, in Trains Illustrated, page 169:

(rail transport) a freight train which carries a single commodity: coal.


coal pusher

The M-1's had roller bearings on all axles, high-speed Franklin boosters, steam lines, tender coal pushers - all the gadgets one could ask.

1959, David P. Morgan, editor, Steam's Finest Hour, Kalmbach Publishing Co., page 71:

(rail transport) a device used to push coal forward in the tender of a steam locomotive.


low-sulphur

(British spelling) having a low sulphur content, fuel in particular.


bunkerage

18 October 2017, Italy busts gang smuggling Zawia diesel to Sicily in Libya Herald
Gazzettinonline reported that the smuggled diesel was in fact low grade and normally used as bunkerage for ships.

(nautical) Oil or coal used for the engine of a vessel


gadofullerene

Any of a series of fullerenes, containing gadolinium, used as MRI contrast agents


gadonanotube

Any of a series of carbon nanotubes, containing gadolinium, used as MRI contrast agents


oil company

After the war, the invaluable experience gained with mass production of the TP engines saw Davey Paxman in a favourable position to supply such units almost "off the shelf", a facility found to be of great value by oil companies engaged in well-drilling; [...].

1964 May, R. K. Evans, “The Ventura—Paxman's high-speed engine”, in Modern Railways, page 328:

A company that is dedicated to trade or exploitation of petroleum/oil. (This entry is a translation hub.)

öljy-yhtiö

a company which trades, extracts or processes petroleum or oil


tarcrete

tarcrete (usually uncountable, plural tarcretes)

A kind of tarry soil near mineral oil sources formed from oil and soot droplets with sand or gravel, precluding plant growth.


Oilgate

A South African political scandal in which the petrol company Imvume Holdings was accused of paying millions of state money to the ruling African National Congress shortly before elections.


coal plant

A power station using coal as its energy source.


semianthracite

semianthracite (countable and uncountable, plural semianthracites)

coal that is intermediate between anthracite and semibituminous coal.


Avogadro constant

Named after Italian physicist Amedeo Avogadro (1776–1856).

named-after

(physical chemistry) The number of atoms present in 12 grams of isotopically pure carbon-12, being 6.02214076 × 10²³. By definition, the number of elementary entities (atoms or molecules) comprising one mole of a given substance.


petrofiction

en-noun

petrofiction (countable and uncountable, plural petrofictions)

Abdel Rahman Munif
Amitav Ghosh
Imre Szeman

Originally coined as petro- + fiction by Amitav Ghosh in his review of Abdel Rahman Munif's quintet of novels Cities of Salt (published by New Republic in March 1992). The term was subsequently broadened by Imre Szeman in a 2012 article in American Book Review.

Further, for Middle Eastern petrofiction, such as Abdelraman Munif's novel Cities of Salt, the novel can seem an unfortunate appropriation of the Western form rather than an indigenous form.

2013 May, Elisa Warford, “Texas petrofiction: regionalism and the oil stories of Winifred Sanford”, in Southwestern American Literature, volume 62, number 5:

This article presents a comparative study of two significant novels of oil-encounter modernization, George Mackay Brown’s Greenvoe (1972) and Abdelrahman Munif’s Cities of Salt (1984), in order to argue that such petrofiction both demands and enables consideration of the world-ecological regimes and environmental ramifications of dynamic oil frontiers.

2017, Graeme Macdonald, ““Monstrous transformer”: Petrofiction and world literature”, in Journal of Postcolonial Writing, volume 53, number 3:

In Fred Stenson's 2014 work of petrofiction, Who by Fire, pyric imagery assumes striking visual form in the gas flare stacks that populate rural Alberta, conjuring promises of light and wealth drawn from the earth and separated into useful and waste substances.

2019, Jenny Kerber, “Corrosive Aesthetics: On the Receiving End of Oil and Gas in Who by Fire”, in Canadian Literature, number 239:

In the canon of Arabic literature, Munif ’s Cities of Salt and Kanafani’s Men in the Sun are a duo, exemplary of ground-breaking petrofiction.

2019, Saima Bashir, Sohail Ahmad Saeed, “Contemporary Arab Petrofiction: Opening up Biopolitical Spaces for the Dispossessed”, in Postcolonial Interventions, volume 4, number 3, page 249:

fiction that focuses on the oil industry as a major element.

This neglect of water exists in spite of a growing trend towards reading literature for its representations of resources, most prominently in the subject of 'petrofiction'.

2015, Hannah Boast, Hydrofictions: Water, Power and Politics in Israeli and Palestinian Literature. (PhD thesis University of York):

As writers come to terms with the fossil fuel era and "our entanglement" with petroleum extraction in modern life and in our relationships among different groups of people and in our responsibility to our environments, the relevance and urgency of reading petrofiction has increased.

2016, Jonathan Steinwand, “Global Petrofiction Book Club Guides”, in Oil Boom Inquiry Seminar:

Against today's backdrop of eco-catastrophe and sustainability issues, recent concerns in the field of environmental humanities include the thematic and aesthetic examinations of pollution and waste, toxic/nuclear landscapes, eco-phobia, the imperilled human/non-human cohabitation, climate change fiction, and petrofiction.[…] Petrofiction deals more specifically with the multi-faceted relationship between oil and human affairs.

2018 April-July, Jessica Maufort, “Book Review: Energy Humanities: An Anthology”, in Ariel, volume 49, numbers 2-3:

A pertinent example of the energy unconscious in petrofiction is Tom McCarthy’s Satin Island, in which an oil spill is one of the dominant motifs.

2019, Christa Grewe-Volpp, “Oil as matter, oil as discourse: Tom McCarthy's Satin Island”, in Green Letters: Studies in Ecocriticism, volume 23, number 2:

(by extension) Fiction that deals with modern culture's dependency on petrochemicals.


petrocapitalism

For the purpose of better understanding the ensuing discussion in this chapter, petrocapitalism is said to operate successfully through an intertwined oil complex “that is territorially constituted through oil concessions”.

2013, Sigfrido Burgos Cáceres, Sophal Ear -, The Hungry Dragon, page 27:

While geography of extractive petrocapitalism is focused on specific points in space – what Gavin Bridge (2010, 1) calls the geographies of “the hole” – consumptive petrocapitalism is dispersed and virtually includes the entirety of capitalism itself.

2017, Noel Castree, Michael F. Goodchild, Audrey Kobayashi, International Encyclopedia of Geography:

Music is not simply a passive observer of the plastic age. It is an active contributor to petrocapitalism, an agent of petroculture.

2019, Kyle Devine, Decomposed: The Political Ecology of Music, page 100:

Those aspects of capitalism that involve the petrochemical industry.


coal rank

coal rank (countable and uncountable, plural coal ranks)

(geology) The measure or degree of the progressive coalification (organic metamorphism) of a coal, often expressed in terms of vitrinite reflectance.


CNTRP

Abbreviation of carbon nanotube reinforced plastic/polymer.

CNRP

carbon nanotube reinforced plastic polymer


petrocurrency

The currency of an oil-producing nation which tends to vary in value against other currencies in line with changes in the price of oil.


coking coal

All grades of coal, deepmined and opencast, are produced, and Durham coking coal is unsurpassed for iron and steel making and is world-famous.

1959 May, R. A. Savill, “The coal traffic of the North Eastern Region”, in Trains Illustrated, page 272:

Among the numerous types of vehicles required are special 33½-ton vacuum-braked hopper wagons for iron ore imported at Newport docks, 21-ton vacuum-braked wagons for coking-coal and 56-ton vehicles for slabs and coils.

1962 December, “Railways and the Spencer Steelworks”, in Modern Railways, page 410:

Bituminous coal which is suitable for making into coke, for example for use in steel manufacture.


Initialism of jet propellant 8.; the lower-freezing point jet fuel used by the U.S. Air Force


Initialism of jet propellant 5.; the higher-flashpoint jet fuel used by the U.S. Navy


avcat

From aviation, aviation carrier (aircraft carrier), and aviation turbine fuel (avtur).

(US, military, aviation, nautical) Synonym of JP-5, the U.S. Navy jet fuel.


bunkerman

(historical) A man in charge of an industrial coal storage bunker.


rotary table

(oil industry) A mechanical device that provides clockwise rotational force to the drill string to facilitate the drilling of a borehole.


naphthalide

(organic chemistry) a derivative of naphthalene; specifically a compound containing the monovalent naphthalene radical or the naphthalenide anion


big oil

Eight years after Kyoto, Big Oil and Big Coal remain in complete and unchallenged power.

2005 May, Bill McKibben, “Climate of Denial”, in Mother Jones:

It follows an inquiry launched by House Democrats in 2021, which focused on big oil’s alleged efforts to mislead the public about the climate crisis.

2023 June 21, Dharna Noor, “Senate examines role of ‘dark money’ in delaying climate action”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(business, derogatory) The world's largest oil and gas companies (supermajors), understood as a business group having significant political, economic, or social power.


carbon-carbon bond

carbon-carbon bond (plural carbon-carbon bonds)

(organic chemistry) a covalent bond between two carbon atoms


coal merchant

It would seem that the Speedwell was built during the first half of 1830, for the Monmouthshire Merlin of June 12, 1830, said: "Mr. Prothero, one of the most extensive coal merchants in that district, intends hauling his coal to Newport with two engines, preparing for him at the Neath Abbey Iron Works."

1941 June, “Some Early Welsh-Built Engines”, in Railway Magazine, page 247:

Queen Mary of the Iron Road. By Fred C. Bishop. […] This is the life-story of a boy who was determined to become an engine driver, and who lost no time in realising his ambition. A bold plunge from a clerkship in a coal merchant's office carried Fred Bishop, at the age of 14, into the locomotive department of the London & North Western Railway.

1947 January and February, “Railway Literature”, in Railway Magazine, page 62:

(dated) A person who deals in coal, either on a large scale or in a particular locality, where coal was weighed and bagged by the merchant, delivered to households and tipped into a coal bunker.


narrow-cut

(aviation, petrochemistry, of jet fuel) Composed of moderately-heavy hydrocarbons with boiling points in the kerosene range, without a significant proportion of lighter, gasoline-type hydrocarbons; Jet A is an example of a fuel of this type.


wide-cut

(aviation, petrochemistry, of jet fuel) Composed of a mixture of hydrocarbons with a wide range of boiling points, including both moderately-heavy, higher-boiling kerosene-type molecules and lighter, lower-boiling, more-volatile gasoline-type molecules; Jet B or JP-4 is a fuel of this type.


carbon dioxide snow

(inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, medicine) A solid form of carbon dioxide used in cryotherapy and also as a refrigerant.


blue hydrogen

hydrogen generated from methane feedstock, typically from natural gas/petroleum gas, whose carbon residue, typically carbon dioxide, is captured, resulting in a low-carbon process.


coal gap

(geology) The time period with few coal deposits from the Permian to middle Jurassic.


wax point

(petrochemistry) The temperature below which a hydrocarbon fuel such as kerosene ceases to flow freely due to components of the fuel freezing into solid waxes.


bunker oil

bunker oil (usually uncountable, plural bunker oils)

mechanical engineering
mechanical engineering

(mechanical engineering, petrochemistry, maritime) Synonym of bunker fuel.


bunker fuel

bunker fuel (usually uncountable, plural bunker fuels)

(mechanical engineering, petrochemistry, maritime) A type of extremely viscous, heavy fuel oil primarily used by large oceangoing ships.


R&M

(oil industry) Initialism of refining and marketing.


dirty coal

Due to the smell it gives off when burned.

Lignite's nickname “dirty coal,” suggests its one major drawback, but its allure is clearly its cost. Lignite is cheaper than most other energy sources.

1978 February 14, “Texas Turning to Its Reserves of Lignite”, in New York Times:


fossil car

Replacing the fossil car by an electric vehicle by estimation reduces the energy for transport by a factor of four.

2018, Rob Roggema, Contemporary Urban Design Thinking: The Australian Approach, pages 188–189:

Poland opposes new EU carbon market, 2035 fossil car ban


bunker barge

Originally in reference to coal bunkers.

(nautical) A vessel used to refuel ships with coal or bunker fuel.


asphaltane

(petrochemistry) polyaromatic compounds left from distillation of crude oil that are insoluble in pentane.


gray hydrogen

hydrogen generated from hydrocarbon sources without attempting to capture and eliminate the waste carbon pollution


petroplastic

A plastic produced from petroleum, as opposed to bioplastic.


endohedral fullerene

endohedral fullerene (plural endohedral fullerenes)

A fullerene with atoms, ions, or clusters trapped inside the molecule.


oil terminal

An industrial facility for the storage of oil, petroleum and petrochemical products

مُسْتَوْدَع نِفْط

an industrial facility for the storage of oil, petroleum and petrochemical products


completion string

completion string (plural completion strings)

The rig simply retrieves the old pipe and runs a new pipe back in the hole (the completion string).

2005, Paul Carter, Don't Tell Mum I Work on the Rigs, Crows Nest: Allen and Unwin, page 44:

(oil industry) A column of drill pipe that prepares the well for the transmission of production fluids.


whipline

Because the seas were a bit rough that morning the crane was using the whip line.

2005, Paul Carter, Don't Tell Mum I Work on the Rigs, Crows Nest: Allen and Unwin, page 45:

A cable, typically made of braided steel, used to lower and retrieve tools and instruments into oil or gas wells.


directional driller

directional driller (plural directional drillers)

There was a directional driller who I regularly ran into, a New Zealander by the name of Maurice.

2005, Paul Carter, Don't Tell Mum I Work on the Rigs, Crows Nest: Allen and Unwin, page 123:

An oil rig driller who directs the horizontal drilling process.


wildcat well

[L]ater BP were planning on drilling a wildcat well, or exploration well, in the same region probably with a semi-submersible rig.

2005, Paul Carter, Don't Tell Mum I Work on the Rigs, Crows Nest: Allen and Unwin, page 164:

(oil industry) An exploration well to determine the existence of petroleum in a probable hydrocarbon deposit.


Billy Pugh

Named after Billy Pugh, American deckhand who invented the device and founded the Billy Pugh Company in 1957.

The crew stood on the deck of the supply boat, waiting in silence for the crane to lower the "Billy Pugh".

2005, Paul Carter, Don't Tell Mum I Work on the Rigs, Crows Nest: Allen and Unwin, page 199:

Billy Pughs were used at many lighthouses.

2008, Betty S. Veronico, Lighthouses of the Bay Area, Arcadia Publishing, page 42:

A type of personnel basket for transferring people between vessels or other structures at sea or over water.


Tinkerbell line

Tinkerbell line (plural Tinkerbell lines)

Usually set at a tragic angle, this line, called a "Geronimo" or a "Tinkerbell line", has a handle that you grab and hold onto as you ride the line down to safety[.]

2005, Paul Carter, Don't Tell Mum I Work on the Rigs, Crows Nest, NSW: Allen and Unwin, page 67:


geronimo line

* From Geronimo, in reference to the interjection used by parachutists + line.

(oil industry) A zipline tethered from the top of a derrick to allow escape in case of emergency.


stabbing board

The derrickman releases the "stabbing board", a pivoting plank like a diving board, then walks out to the very end and, wearing a safety harness called a "belly buster", leans out at a horrific angle to make sure the pipe is lined up straight.

2005, Paul Carter, Don't Tell Mum I Work on the Rigs, Crows Nest, NSW: Allen and Unwin, page 68:

(oil industry) A temporary platform erected in a derrick on which a derrickhand stands to run in casing.


biohydrocarbon

(organic chemistry) A hydrocarbon produced by living organisms.


Initialism of jet propellant 7: a type of jet fuel for supersonic jet aircraft.