hemisphere

/ˈhɛmɪsfɪəɹ/

From Latin hemisphaerium, from Ancient Greek ἡμισφαίριον (hēmisphaírion), from ἡμι- (hēmi-, “half”) + σφαῖρα (sphaîra, “sphere”). Equivalent to hemi- + sphere. Displaced native Old English healftrendel (literally “half-sphere”).

ncog

(cartography) A map or projection of a celestial or terrestrial hemisphere .

pallonpuolisko

cartography: map or projection of a celestial or terrestrial hemisphere

planisphere

cartography: a map showing a projection of a hemisphere


project

en-verb

project (third-person singular simple present projects, present participle projecting, simple past and past participle projected)

projects (present singular third-person)
projecting (participle present)
projected (participle past)
projected (past)

/pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkt/

From Latin prōiectus, perfect passive participle of prōiciō (“throw forth, extend; expel”).

(cartography) To change the projection (or coordinate system) of spatial data with another projection.


cadastre

As page 1 of the accompanying text helpfully explains, "ichnographic plans are particularly well suited for cadastres" but reveal nothing of the ups and downs and tops of things.

1992 December 20, Tom Ferrell, “Rome With a View”, in The New York Times:

(cartography) A public survey of land, originally for the purpose of taxation and to create an official register of land ownership.


legend

en-noun

legend (countable and uncountable, plural legends)

From Middle English legende, from Old French legende, from Medieval Latin legenda (“a legend, story, especially the lives of the saints”), from Latin legenda (“things which ought to be read”), from lego (“I read”).

legende

any person of extraordinary accomplishment

I've lost my pen! —Here mate, borrow mine. —You legend.

A person related to a legend or legends.

A person of extraordinary fame or accomplishments.

(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, colloquial, slang) A cool, nice or helpful person, especially one who is male.

According to the legend on the map, that building is a school.

(cartography) A key to the symbols and color codes on a map, chart, etc.


bleeding edge

Blend of bleed + leading edge, and metaphorically alluding to the cutting edge (“forefront or position of greatest advancement in some field”) as a double-edged sword.

(cartography, printing) The situation produced when the image extends beyond the nominal margin.


equidistant

From Middle French équidistant, from Late Latin aequidistantem, from aequī (“equal”) + distantem (“distant”).

(cartography) Describing a map projection that preserves scale. No map can show scale correctly throughout the entire map but some can show true scale between one or two points and every point or along every meridian and these are referred to as equidistant.

hossztartó

cartography: describing a map projection that preserves scale


cylindrical

en-adj

cylindrical (comparative more cylindrical, superlative most cylindrical)

more cylindrical (comparative)
most cylindrical (superlative)

From Latin cylindricus + -al. By surface analysis, cylinder + -ical.

(cartography) Describing a map projection in which meridians are mapped onto vertical lines and parallels of latitude onto horizontal lines.


grid

Back-formation or clipping of griddle or gridiron.

(cartography) A method of marking off maps into areas.


datum

en-noun

datum (plural (senses 1–3) data or (senses 1 and 4–5) datums)

Borrowed from Latin datum (“a given”). Doublet of die.

Near-synonym: benchmark

A geodetic datum is sometimes also called a benchmark.

The machinist is required to measure this dimension from the hole circle datum when determining whether it is within tolerance.

In a strict sense, a tidal datum can be understood as the reference plane (or surface) to which the height of a predicted tide is referred.[…]Sounding and chart datums are low water datums, that is, they refer to the level of the water surface at low tide. Nonetheless, there are also datums based on high water levels.[…]These two different datums may be included in the broader category of vertical datums, which comprises any plane or surface used as a reference to measure vertical distances (such as depths, drying features, heights on shore, etc.).

2000, Nuno Sergio Marques Antunes, “The Importance of the Tidal Datum in the Definition of Maritime Limits and Boundaries”, in Maritime Briefing, volume 2, number 7, International Boundaries Research Unit, University of Durham, page 5:

Datums are another important map aspect related to projection. A datum provides a base reference for measuring locations on Earth's surface.

2007, Roger F Tomlinson, Thinking about GIS: geographic information system planning for managers:

For horizontal measurements [on the Earth], we fix a mathematical body of Earth in space using a Cartesian coordinate system. After that, a separate coordinate system is created over the surface of this body to generate horizontal coordinates. A mathematical earth body fixed in space makes up the horizontal datum.

2012, Yong-Qi Chen, Yuk-Cheung Lee, chapter 2.3, in Geographical Data Acquisition:

(cartography, surveying, engineering) A fixed reference point or set of reference points which precisely define a system of measurement or a coordinate system.


culture

culture (countable and uncountable, plural cultures)

From Middle French culture (“cultivation; culture”), from Latin cultūra (“cultivation; culture”), from cultus, perfect passive participle of colō (“till, cultivate, to grow, worship”) (related to colōnus and colōnia), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”).

der

(cartography) The details on a map that do not represent natural features of the area delineated, such as names and the symbols for towns, roads, meridians, and parallels.


trap

en-noun

trap (countable and uncountable, plural traps)

From Middle English trappe, from Old English træppe, treppe (“trap, snare”) (also in betræppan (“to trap”)) from Proto-West Germanic *trappjā (“trap, snare”), from Proto-West Germanic *trappjan (“to step”), from Proto-Germanic *trapjaną (“to tread, stamp”), from Proto-Indo-European *drebʰ- (“to step, trip, trample”).
Cognate with Dutch trap (“trap, snare”), German Low German Trapp (“trap”). Akin also to West Frisian traap (“stepping, treading, stairway”), German Treppe (“step, stair”), Old English træppan (“to step, tread”). Connection to "step" is "that upon which one steps". French trappe and Spanish trampa are ultimately borrowings from Germanic.

vēuháutsīe

a type of trap to catch birds using bait with adjustable loop

trap street

(by extension, cartography, law, technical) A (usually fictional) location or feature originally added to a map to detect plagiarism and copyright violations by other map makers or map services.


GPS

global positioning system
global positioning system#English

(cartography) Initialism of global positioning system (“satellite navigation system”).


azimuthal

/ˌæzəˈmʌθəl/

/ˌæzəˈmuːθəl/

(cartography) Describing a map projection which preserves direction for all points relative to a selected point (or in some cases two points).

azimutális

cartography: describing a map projection which preserves direction for all points relative to a selected point


azimuthal

/ˌæzəˈmʌθəl/

/ˌæzəˈmuːθəl/

Note that because of the square-well air-bag model, these synchrotron azimuthals are slightly different from the conventional ones.

2006, King-Yuen Ng, Physics of Intensity Dependent Beam Instabilities, page 454:


coordinate

/kəʊˈɔːdɪnɪt/

From Medieval Latin coordinātus, past participle of coordinare (“arrange together”), from Latin co- (“together”) + ordinare (“arrange”), equivalent to co- + ordinate. See ordain and ordinate.

Give me your coordinates and we'll come and rescue you.

(mathematics, cartography, astronomy) A number representing the position of a point along a line, arc, or similar one-dimensional figure.

koördinaat

mathematics, cartography: a number representing the position of a point along a line, arc, or similar one-dimensional figure


mere

en-verb

mere (third-person singular simple present meres, present participle mering, simple past and past participle mered)

meres (present singular third-person)
mering (participle present)
mered (participle past)
mered (past)

From Middle English mere, from Old English mǣre, ġemǣre (“boundary; limit”), from Proto-Germanic *mairiją (“boundary”), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to fence”). Cognate with Dutch meer (“a limit, boundary”), Icelandic mærr (“borderland”), Swedish landamäre (“border, borderline, boundary”).

cog

What chance is there of revising this example of case law to include an exception to the generally cited rule when an administrative boundary has been mered in the past to coincide with a private property boundary?

2016 April 20, David EM Andrews, “Merely a question of boundaries.”, in Sheetlines, The Charles Close Society, →ISSN:

(cartography) To decide upon the position of a boundary; to position it on a map.


footprint

building footprint

(cartography) A polygon representing the shape of an item.


origin

/ˈɒɹ.ɪ.d͡ʒɪn/

/ˈɒɹ.ə.d͡ʒən/

/ˈɔɹ.ɪ.d͡ʒɪn/

/ˈɑɹ.ɪ.d͡ʒɪn/

From Middle English origine, origyne, from Old French origine, orine, ourine, from Latin origo (“beginning, source, birth, origin”), from orior (“to rise”); see orient. Doublet of origo.

der

language analysis for the determination of origin

(cartography) An arbitrary point on Earth's surface, chosen as the zero for a system of coordinates.


cartography

en-noun

cartography (usually uncountable, plural cartographies)

/kɐː(ɹ)ˈtɔɡɹəfɪi̯/

/kɐɹˈtɒɡɹəfi/

/kɐː(ɹ)ˈtɔɡɹɘfɪi̯/

/kɑːˈtɒɡɹəfi/

/kɑɹˈtɑɡɹəfi/

From French cartographie, from carte (“map”) (ultimately from Ancient Greek χάρτης (khártēs, “map”)) + -graphie (“-graphy”) (, from γράφω (gráphō, “write”)); carto- + -graphy.

(uncountable) The creation of charts and maps based on the layout of a territory's geography.

In the early years of my psychedelic research, I sketched a vastly expanded cartography of the psyche that seems to meet this challenge.

2000, Stanislav Grof, Psychology of the Future: Lessons from Modern Consciousness Research, →ISBN:

The Dalit feminist standpoint, and more specifically the national Federation of Dalit Women, provide in very clear terms a cartography of governance that forces an official reckoning of a new way of seeing.

2006, Nira Yuval-Davis, Kalpana Kannabiran, Ulrike Vieten, The Situated Politics of Belonging, →ISBN, page 69:

Since this cartography is not a representation of already existing spaces or cinematic forms but is rather oriented towards the new, it could be described as a cartography of the virtual; however, since Ruiz's work makes a point of departing from the normative rules of cinematic construction as a first principle, this book will outline Ruiz's cartography of images as a cartography of the impossible.

2013, Michael Goddard, The Cinema of Raúl Ruiz: Impossible Cartographies, →ISBN, page 1:

In short, the volume aims to provide the reader with the coordinates for current debates in global art and to develop a cartography of the various conceptual and methodological intersections that global art studies is addressing today.

2014, Anna Maria Guasch Ferrer, Nasheli Jimenez Del Val, Critical Cartography of Art and Visuality in the Global Age, →ISBN, page xvi:

(countable, figuratively) An illustrative discussion of a topic.


equivalent

en-adj

equivalent (comparative more equivalent, superlative most equivalent)

more equivalent (comparative)
most equivalent (superlative)

From equi- + -valent.
From Latin aequivalentem, accusative singular of aequivalēns, present active participle of aequivaleō (“I am equivalent, have equal power”).


isotach

From iso- + Ancient Greek ταχύς (takhús, “fast”) (see tachy-).

An isoline linking places on a map which have equal wind speed.


isodrosotherm

From iso- + Ancient Greek δρόσος (drósos, “dew”) + Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós, “warm”) (equivalent to thermo-).

A line of equal or constant dew point on a graph or chart, such as a weather map.


isohyet

From iso- + Ancient Greek ὑετός (huetós, “rain”).

On the yearly rainfall map, the 10-inch (250 mm) isohyet separates viable cropland from desert.

A line of equal rainfall on a map or chart, such as a weather map.

izohyeta

a line of equal or constant rainfall on a graph or chart


isogon

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-isogon.wav

(cartography, meteorology) A line of equal or constant wind direction on a graph or chart, such as a weather map.

(cartography, navigation) A line of equal or constant magnetic declination on a chart; an isogonic line.


isopleth

From iso- + Ancient Greek πλῆθος (plêthos, “a great number”).

der

A line drawn on a map through all points having the same value of some measurable quantity.

isopleet

line through all points having the same value

(thermodynamics) A line in a phase diagram indicating the same mole fraction.


isogloss

From iso- + gloss, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἴσος (ísos, “equal”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wi- (“to separate”)) + γλῶσσα (glôssa, “tongue; language”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *glōgʰs).

Bloch thinks (and we agree with him) that details of isogloss will probably not bear out this kind of grouping.

1921, The Calcutta Review, Calcutta: University of Calcutta, →OCLC, page 285:

There was also a tendency to treat transitive verbs passively, as in Hurrian and Urarṭian; it must, however, be emphasized that this phenomenon may also be considered as an isogloss rather than as an indication of genetic relationship.

1970, W[illiam] F[oxwell] Albright, T[homas] O[den] Lambdin, “The Evidence of Language”, in I[orwerth] E[iddon] S[tephen] Edwards, C[yril] J[ohn] Gadd, N[icholas] G[eoffrey] L[emprière] Hammond, editors, The Cambridge Ancient History, 3rd edition, volumes I, part 1 (Prolegomena and Prehistory), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, published 2000, →ISBN, section IV (Sumerian, Hurrian, Urarṭian, Elamite), page 154:

The convergence of multiple isoglosses on a map, a "bundle", indicates a boundary between one regional dialect and another.

2005, Brian D. Joseph, Carol G. Preston, Dennis R. Preston, editors, Language Diversity in Michigan and Ohio: Towards Two State Linguistic Profiles, Ann Arbor, Mich.: Caravan Books, →ISBN, page 29:

(linguistics) A line on a map indicating the geographical boundaries of a linguistic feature.

isoglos

line indicating geographical boundaries of a linguistic feature


isotherm

/ˈaɪ.səʊˌθɜː(ɹ)m/

From the French isotherme (“of equal temperature”, adjective), itself from Ancient Greek ἴσος (ísos, “equal”) + θέρμη (thérmē, “warmth”). By surface analysis, iso- + therm-.

A line on a graph or chart, such as a weather map, along which all the points have the same temperature.


isobar

From Ancient Greek ἴσος (ísos, “equal”) + βάρος (báros, “weight”), equivalent to iso- + bar-.

(meteorology) A line drawn on a map or chart connecting places of equal or constant pressure.

isòbar

line on a map connecting places of equal pressure


ED

Coordinate term: PD

(cartography) Initialism of existence doubtful.


cadastral

en-adj

cadastral (comparative more cadastral, superlative most cadastral)

more cadastral (comparative)
most cadastral (superlative)

Borrowed from French cadastral (“relating to the cadastre”), from cadastre.

bor

(cartography) of or relating to a cadastre


amenity

en-noun

amenity (countable and uncountable, plural amenities)

Inherited from Middle English amenite, amenyte, partly from Middle French amenité and partly from its etymon, Latin amoenitās (“pleasantness, delightfulness”), from amoenus (“pleasant, delightful”), of unknown origin.

der

Suburbia was the prescribed antidote to the dreariness of the hypertrophied industrial city—and most American cities had never been anything but that. They were short on amenity, overcrowded, and artless. Americans were sick of them and saw no way to improve them.

2005, James Howard Kunstler, The Long Emergency, Grove Atlantic, page 40:

(cartography) A unit pertaining to the infrastructure of a community, such as a public toilet, a postbox, a library, etc.


projection

en-noun

projection (countable and uncountable, plural projections)

/pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/

From either the Middle French projection or its etymon, the Classical Latin prōiectiō (stem: prōiectiōn-), from prōiciō, equivalent to project + -ion. Compare the Modern French projection, the German Projektion, and the Italian proiezione.

(cartography) Any of several systems of intersecting lines that allow the curved surface of the earth to be represented on a flat surface. The set of mathematics used to calculate coordinate positions.

проекция

cartography: system of representing surface of the earth on a flat surface


analemma

analemma (plural analemmas or analemmata)

From Ancient Greek ἀνάλημμα (análēmma, “pedestal of a sundial”).

uder

People commonly encounter the equation of time in a strangely distorted figure 8, the analemma (Figure 6.5), frequently seen on terrestrial globes. The analemma is the equation of time plotted against the Sun's declination.

1996, James B. Kaler, The Ever-Changing Sky: A Guide to the Celestial Sphere (paperback), published 2002, page 169:

The analemma also records the difference between local solar time and local mean time for each day of the year.

2002, Timothy G. Feeman, Portraits of the Earth: A Mathematician Looks at Maps, page 108:

The analemma's shape varies by location, but is seldom perfectly balanced.[…]
The ends of the analemma represent summer and winter, but if we expect the solstices to be exactly at the ends and the equinoxes to be at the crossing point, we'd be wrong.

2011, Renna Shesso, Planets for Pagans: Sacred Sites, Ancient Lore, and Magical Stargazing, page 58:

A figure-eight curve that results when the Sun's position in the sky is plotted out over the year at the same hour of mean solar time every day. [from 17th c.]

analemma

curve of the Sun's position in the sky throughout the year

analemma c (when referring to our Sun, the determined singular tense "analemman" is used.)


selenography

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-selenography.wav

(astronomy, geography, cartography) The scientific study of the Moon's geographic features; geography of the Moon.


PD

Coordinate term: ED

(cartography) Initialism of position doubtful.


conical

en-adj

conical (comparative more conical, superlative most conical)

more conical (comparative)
most conical (superlative)

(cartography) Describing a map projection in which meridians are mapped to equally spaced lines radiating out from the apex and parallels of latitude are mapped to circular arcs centred on the apex.


tetrad

From Ancient Greek τετράς (tetrás), analysable as tetra- + -ad.

They took figures for the abundance of invasive weeds mapped according to the normal grid unit of the 'hectad', or 10 × 10 km square, and then looked at how abundant these species were mapped at a much finer scale – in 'tetrads', or 2 × 2 km squares, inside these hectads.

2010, Richard Mabey, Weeds: How Vagabond Plants Gatecrashed Civilisation and Changed the Way We Think about Nature, London: Profile Books, →ISBN:

(cartography) A unit of land area of two by two (that is, four) square kilometres.


alidade

From French alidade, from Spanish alidada, from Arabic العِضَادَة (al-ʕiḍāda), perhaps from عَضُد (ʕaḍud, “upper arm”).

(cartography, astronomy, surveying) A sighting device used for measuring angles.


hachure

From French hachure (“crosshatching”), from hacher (“to hatch”).

(cartography, chiefly historical) A line on a map indicating the steepness of a slope.


Cartesian

From the New Latin Cartesiānus, from Cartesius (“René Descartes”).

(mathematics, cartography) Of, or pertaining to, co-ordinates based on mutually orthogonal axes.

cartesià

of or pertaining to coordinates based on orthogonal axes


DNF

(British, cartography) Initialism of Digital National Framework.


agonic

International Geomagnetic Reference Field

From Ancient Greek ᾰ̓- (a-, the alpha privativum, a prefix forming words having a sense opposite to the word or stem to which it is attached) + γωνία (gōnía, “angle”) + -ic.

der

There are two lines on the earth's surface which have been called agonic lines, upon which there is no declination; and where, therefore, the needle is directed along the terrestrial meridian.

1852, Dionysius Lardner, “Terrestrial Magnetism”, in Hand-book of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy, second course (Heat—Common Electricity—Magnetism—Voltaic Electricity), London: Taylor, Walton, and Maberly, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row, →OCLC, book II (Magnetism), paragraph 1661, page 172:

It is contended by some that their [cyclones'] general movement is at right angles to the magnetic meridian. If this should prove to be correct, then in all that part of the United States lying west of the Agonic Line, the general direction whence local rain, hail, and snow-storms come, will be as many degrees north of west as the declination of the needle is east of north; and in all that part of the territory lying east of said Agonic Line, they will come from a direction as many degrees south of west as the declination of the needle is west of north.

1872 January 10, John H. Tice, “[Proceedings of the Missouri Horticultural Society at the Thirteenth Annual Meeting Held at Kansas City, January 9–11, 1872.] Meteorology”, in John F. Wielandy, editor, Seventh Annual Report of the State Board of Agriculture, with an Abstract of the Proceedings of Agricultural and Horticultural Societies for the Year 1871, Jefferson City, Mo.: Regan & Edwards, public printers, →OCLC, pages 73–74:

(cartography, navigation) Having a magnetic deviation of zero.


map projection

(cartography) Any systematic method of transforming the spherical representation of parallels, meridians and geographic features of the Earth's surface to a nonspherical surface, usually a plane.


misrepresentation

en-noun

misrepresentation (countable and uncountable, plural misrepresentations)

/mɪsˌɹɛpɹɪzɛnˈteɪʃən/

From mis- + representation or misrepresent + -ation.

(cartography) Faultiness in a map projection, estimated with regard to its unequal scale in different parts and to its distortion of angles.


false easting

(cartography) A value relating to distance east of a standard meridian but with a constant added to make the numbers convenient. For instance, in UTM the value 500,000 is added to the easting from the center of each zone to return a false easting that is never negative (the smallest true easting is approximately -340,000 which is set to false easting of 160,000).


false northing

(cartography) A value relating to distance north of a standard latitude but with a constant added to make the numbers convenient. For instance, in UTM, the Southern Hemisphere is assigned negative degrees of latitude, but to avoid negative numbers in northings, a constant value of 10,000,000 is added so that negative numbers for northings do not occur.


northing

(cartography) The distance north of a standard reference latitude.


UTM

Universal Transverse Mercator
w:Universal Transverse Mercator

(cartography) Initialism of Universal Transverse Mercator, a projection used in mapping.


easting

easting (countable and uncountable, plural eastings)

Coordinate term: longitude

(cartography) The distance east of a standard reference meridian.


homolographic

(cartography) Alternative spelling of homalographic


homalographic

From Ancient Greek ὁμαλός (homalós, “even”) + -graphic.


authalic

en-adj

authalic (comparative more authalic, superlative most authalic)

more authalic (comparative)
most authalic (superlative)

From the Ancient Greek αὐτός (autós, “same”) + αἶλος (aîlos, “area”) + -ic.


developable surface

en-noun

developable surface (plural developable surfaces)

(geometry) A surface (in more than two dimensions, a plane is trivially developable) that can be flattened into a plane without distortion.


equal-area

(cartography) Of a map, having the property that equal areas on the map represent equal areas on the mapped surface.

pintatarkka

cartography: having the property that equal areas on the map represent equal areas on the mapped surface


orthomorphic

From Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós, “straight”) + μορφή (morphḗ, “form, shape”).


aphylactic

From French aphylactique, probably coined by Nicolas Auguste Tissot in his 1881 book Mémoire sur la réprésentation des surfaces et les projections des cartes géographiques (Treatise on surface representations and map projections).
Ultimately from a- + Ancient Greek φυλακτικός (phulaktikós, “serving to preserve”) (see φύλαξις (phúlaxis)), since an aphylactic projection preserves neither angle nor area.

bor

(cartography) Of a map projection: Neither conformal or equal-area.


zenithal

(cartography, of a projection) Azimuthal.


gnomonic projection

en-noun

gnomonic projection (plural gnomonic projections)

(cartography) A mapping projection in which all great circle paths (on a sphere the shortest path between points) are shown as straight lines.


conformal

en-adj

conformal (comparative more conformal, superlative most conformal)

more conformal (comparative)
most conformal (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-conformal.wav

On conformal map projections, the scale depends on location only and not direction.

(cartography, of a map projection) That preserves relative angles over small scales, at all but a limited number of distinct points.

konforminen

cartography: that preserves angles over small scales, at all except a limited number of points


DGPS

w:Differential Global Positioning System

(cartography) Initialism of Differential Global Positioning System, an enhancement to Global Positioning System that uses a network of fixed ground based reference stations to broadcast the difference between the positions indicated by the satellite systems and the known fixed positions.


contour

Borrowed from French contour, from contourner, equivalent to con- + tour.

A line on a map or chart delineating those points which have the same altitude or other plotted quantity: a contour line or isopleth; (metonymically) the landform or its surface.

(linguistics) a speech sound which behaves as a single segment, but which makes an internal transition from one quality, place, or manner to another.


contour

en-verb

contour (third-person singular simple present contours, present participle contouring, simple past and past participle contoured)

contours (present singular third-person)
contouring (participle present)
contoured (participle past)
contoured (past)

(transitive) To mark with contour lines.


panhandle

(cartography, US) An area within a nation or subnational division that appears to sticks out or projects when viewed on a map; an especially elongated salient.


magnetic variation

en-noun

magnetic variation (countable and uncountable, plural magnetic variations)

(cartography) In cartography, the annual change in direction of the horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field.


CRS

CRS (countable and uncountable, plural CRSs)

(cartography) Initialism of cartographic reference system.


isochore

From iso- + Ancient Greek χώρα (khṓra, “place”).

The numerical results are given from which the authors deduce the relation for constant volume and additional reasons are given for believing acetic acid (whose vapour density at ordinary temperatures is abnormal) to be a mixture of C₂H₄O₂ and C₄H₈0₄, the former preponderating as the temperature rises. The authors ask the Society for a name to designate lines connecting pressure and temperature at constant volume, and for which they suggested “isochore”...

1887 Anonymous: Engineering, Volume 43 April 29th page 406

In general, a place or position with relevant parameters matching other places, as in having the same pressure, chemistry, population etc. Even within a single discipline the parameter might vary according to convenience e.g. in physics alone it might refer to velocity, volume, gravity, and many more. cf. contour, isopleth.

An isochore is a curve on a PVT diagram, the pressure and temperature being variable, the volume invariable.

1916, William Cudmore McCullagh Lewis, A System of physical chemistry, volume 1, page 92:

Thus, an isochore transformation in this case is a transformation at constant volume.

1956, Enrico Fermi, Thermodynamics, page 7:

1.3 shows the specific heat of argon measured along the critical isochore.

1992, J M Yeomans, Statistical Mechanics of Phase Transitions, page 2:

(physics) A line drawn on a graph showing the variation of the pressure of a constant volume of gas as it varies with temperature.

The isochore plan of the overburden thus obtained is then placed over the isochore plan of the seam.

1964, Mineral Development in Assam: Symposium Volume, Assam (India) Directorate of Geology and Mining, page 205:

Isochore maps of the sandstone bodies also indicate the presence of a number of channels flowing from the basin margin towards a central depression.

1981, Coalfields of India, Geological Survey of India, page 125:

(geology) A contour showing points of equal vertical thickness of strata; equal to an isopach if strata are horizontal.

A model that accounts for the differential recognition of transgenes integrated at different chromosomal locations, is the isochore hypothesis.

1998, Lindsey R Lindsey, Alan R Lindsey, Transgenic Plant Research, page 268:

1999, Solomon Pavlovich Vasser, Eviatar Nevo, “Scheme of the isochore organization of the human genome”, in Evolutionary Theory and Processes: Papers in Honour of Eviatar Nevo, page 117:

(genetics) A sequence of DNA that has a reasonably constant proportion of pairs of guanine and cytosine bases, and is rich in genes.


photomap

(cartography) a map made by the superimposition of aerial photographs onto grid lines, contours and other normal map features


photomap

en-verb

photomap (third-person singular simple present photomaps, present participle photomapping, simple past and past participle photomapped)

photomaps (present singular third-person)
photomapping (participle present)
photomapped (participle past)
photomapped (past)

(cartography) to produce such a map (from a photograph or existing map)


mappable

en-adj

mappable (comparative more mappable, superlative most mappable)

more mappable (comparative)
most mappable (superlative)

Satellite imagery has made many inaccessible areas much more mappable.


relief map

(cartography) A map that shows the three-dimensional topography of terrain, usually by use of contours but sometimes with colors or by hatching.


XYZ

(web design, cartography) Describing a URL scheme for providing map tiles, where X and Y refer to coordinates, while Z refers to zoom level.


isoline

Any of several types of line on a map, chart or graph that link points having the same value of a parameter.


isocline

(geography) A line on a map linking places with the same magnetic dip; an isoclinic line.


GLONASS

(cartography) Acronym of Global Navigation Satellite System: A system of navigational satellites operated by the Russian government.


orthophoto

Orthophotos or orthophoto mosaics enhanced by additional symbolized, planimetric information are called orthophoto plans. An orthophoto plan with added contour lines is a modern mapping product, called an orthophoto map.

2012, T. J. Blachut, A. Chrzanowski, J. H. Saastamoinen, Urban Surveying and Mapping, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 293:

An aerial photograph that has been geometrically corrected (orthorectified) such that the scale of the photograph is uniform, meaning that the photo can be considered equivalent to a map.

ortofotosnímek

geometrically corrected aerial photograph


orthorectify

en-verb

orthorectify (third-person singular simple present orthorectifies, present participle orthorectifying, simple past and past participle orthorectified)

orthorectifies (present singular third-person)
orthorectifying (participle present)
orthorectified (participle past)
orthorectified (past)

To process an aerial photograph so as to geometrically correct it such that the scale of the photograph is uniform and it can be measured as a map is.


DEM

en-noun

DEM (countable and uncountable, plural DEMs)

diethyl malonate
diethyl malonate#English

(organic chemistry) Initialism of diethyl malonate.


uranography

uranography (countable and uncountable, plural uranographies)

From Ancient Greek οὐρανογραφία (ouranographía).

uder

οὐρανογραφία

(astronomy, cartography) Celestial cartography; the mapping of celestial bodies.


Global Positioning System

(cartography) A system which enables a mobile receiver to determine its precise location based on signals received from a constellation of US military satellites.


thematic map

(cartography) A geographic map that displays the spatial pattern of a theme or series of attributes.


thalweg

Borrowed from 19th century German Thalweg, from Thal (“valley”) + Weg (“way, course”).

(geology, geography, cartography) The line that connects the lowest points in a valley or river channel, and thus the line of fastest flow or deepest water along a river’s course.


isopach

From iso- + Ancient Greek παχύς (pakhús, “thick”) (see pachy-).

(geology) A line on a chart joining parts of a stratigraphic unit that have the same thickness; an isopachous line.


contour map

(cartography) A map made to show the relief measurements of the land by means of contour lines.


isometric perspective

en-noun

isometric perspective (plural isometric perspectives)

(art, cartography) A type of visual perspective in which all dimensions parallel to the three principal spatial axes are shown in their true proportions.


isobath

From iso- + Ancient Greek βαθύς (bathús, “deep”) (see bathy-).

A line on a map or chart joining places of equal depth of water; a depth contour.


plane table

Originally plain table, because of its simplicity.

(cartography) A particular kind of instrument used by surveyors in mapmaking.

plánchlár

a particular kind of instrument used by surveyors


geoisotherm

(geology) A line or surface joining points within the Earth that have the same temperature.


DSM

digital surface model
w:digital elevation model

(cartography) Initialism of digital surface model.


isogriv

/ˈaɪsoʊɡɹɪv/

A line on a map or chart which joins points of equal grivation, that is, equal angle between grid north and magnetic north.


isograv

isograv (countable and uncountable, plural isogravs)

Based on values obtained by Eqns (1a) and (1c), we computed for VI, QI and VI\QI-ratio one coefficient of variation (CV) accounting for total heterogeneity (CV total) and one accounting for variation within isogravitational planes (CV isograv).

1997 March, M.N. Melsom, J. Kramer-Johansen, T. Flatebø, C. Müller, G. Nicolaysen, “Distribution of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion measured simultaneously in awake goats”, in Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, volume 159, number 3:


isocheim

From iso- + Ancient Greek χεῖμα (kheîma, “cold, winter”).

der

An isotherm connecting points on a map with equal mean winter temperature.


isohume

From iso- + the base of humid. A pseudo-classical coinage.

(meteorology) An isoline connecting places with equal relative humidity.


isothere

From French isothère, from iso- + Ancient Greek θέρος (théros, “summer”).

An isotherm connecting points on a map with equal mean summer temperature.


isohel

From iso- + Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios, “sun”).

Each map shows a zone of increased sunshine between Ghana and Nigeria, destroying the regular pattern of east-west trending isohels across southern Nigeria and Ivory Coast.

1987, Derek F. Hayward, Julius S. Oguntoyinbo, Climatology of West Africa, page 29:

A line on a map connecting places that receive equal solar radiation, or equal daily hours of sunshine.


isoneph

From iso- + Ancient Greek νέφος (néphos, “cloud”) (see nepho-).

After plotting the amounts in oktas, isonephs were drawn at two-okta intervals. Closely spaced isonephs indicate a sharp edge to a cloud sheet, the edge approximately coinciding with the four-okta isoneph. A station reporting four oktas and lying in a region of close isonephs would have one side of its sky relatively cloudfree and the opposite side covered.

1962, D. E. Pedgley, “A meso-synoptic analysis of the thunderstorms on 28 August 1958”, in Geophysical Memoirs, number 106, UK Meteorological Office, page 23:

An isoline indicating equal cloud cover.


isohyetal

The weatherman showed an isohyetal map of the country.

Pertaining to, or making use of, isohyets.


isobront

From iso- + Ancient Greek βροντή (brontḗ, “thunder”) (see bronto-).

bor

The lines joining the points where the first thunder is heard at the same instant of time are called "isobronts", or lines of equal front.
Sometimes the isobront is taken as the mean of the time when first and last thunder is heard at a place. This is the custom in France.

1895, Thomas Russell, Meteorology, Weather, and Methods of Forecasting, pages 119–120:

(meteorology) An isoline drawn through geographical points at which a given phase of thunderstorm activity occurred simultaneously.


isobase

Assuming their zero isobase and assuming also that they have correctly identified the beaches, the Jamieson hypothesis is decidedly not favored by their field observations.

1920, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, volume 31:

The southern limit of Wright's zero isobase should intersect the north-west coast of England 125 km further north in the vicinity of the southern shore of Morecambe Bay.

1978, Sea-level Changes: North-West England During the Flandrian Stage, M. J. Tooley:

The isobase map shows the marked spatial variability in elevation of archaeological sites from the Groswater Bay west along Lake Melville to the Goose Bay area, as identified by Fitzhugh (1972).

1992, Lucille Lewis Johnson, Melanie Stright, Paleoshorelines and Prehistory: An Investigation of Method:

(archaeology, geology) A line drawn on a map or chart connecting places of equal or constant land upheaval or subsidence.


isochrone

isochrones of urban development, isochrones of equal travel time

Isopoll maps can be reinterpreted to show the migration of a particular genus or ecotone through time by isochrones (equal time lines).

2013, Raymond S. Bradley, Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary, page 420:

An isoline on a map or chart connecting points that have the same value for some time-related variable.


isopycnal

(meteorology, oceanography) A line connecting points of constant density in the ocean or in the atmosphere.


isogonal

/ʌɪˈsɒɡənəl/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-isogonal.wav

(cartography, navigation) Describing lines connecting points on the Earth's surface whose magnetic declination is identical.


isogonal

/ʌɪˈsɒɡənəl/

(cartography, navigation) A line connecting points on the Earth's surface whose magnetic declination is identical.


isohypse

From iso- + Ancient Greek ὕψος (húpsos, “height”) (see hypso-).

(cartography) A contour line; a line on a map connecting points of equal height.


depressionless

(cartography) Without areas of undefined flow direction (sinks).


sheetline

The sheetlines were chosen to ensure coverage of the National Park on one sheet.

(cartography) Any of the edges of a map, as shown in a map index, used to define each sheet's extent.


neatline

The horizontal neatlines were formed by lines of latitude.

(cartography) The innermost line near the edge of a printed map which separates it from the margin.


agonic line

magnetic declination
magnetic declination

(cartography, navigation) A line on a chart or map joining points of zero magnetic declination.

líne aindiallais

a line on a chart or map joining points of zero magnetic declination


isogonic

en-adj

isogonic (comparative more isogonic, superlative most isogonic)

more isogonic (comparative)
most isogonic (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-isogonic.wav

an isogonic line

magnetic declination
magnetic declination#English

(cartography, navigation) Describing imaginary lines connecting points on the Earth's surface of identical magnetic declination.


isogonic

(cartography, navigation) An isogonic line; a curve connecting points on the Earth's surface whose magnetic declination is identical.


street map

A map showing the streets in a city or district.


tricoastal

But then, I am not someone who can just order drink after drink at the Hotel Gansevoort with cavalier joy and talk about how fun it is to be tricoastal.

2007 June 14, Mike Albo, “If You Really Need the Big Price Tag”, in New York Times:

(geography, especially cartography) Of or pertaining to three coasts.


Mercator

From Gerardus Mercator, Latinized name of Gerard de Cremer (1512–1594), Flemish cartographer and mathematician, from Latin mercātor (“merchant”).

In the Mercator projection, the line of intersection between the cylinder and the sphere is the equator, while in the Traverse Mercator this line is a meridian.

2018, Julio Sanchez, Maria P. Canton, Space Image Processing, Routledge, →ISBN, page 191:

Most digital maps are displayed in the Web Mercator projection but this is slowly changing. Web Mercator became the default standard for web mapping when the major online map services adopted it, like Google and OpenStreetMap.

2020, Gretchen N. Peterson, GIS Cartography […] , 3rd edition, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 144:

we have determined to go by way of Lisbon […] , if so be that Capt. Kidd our gallant or rather gallows commander understands plain sailing and Mercator, and takes us on our voyage all according to the Chart.

1809, Lord Byron, letter (to Henry Drury), 25 Jun 1809

The Mercator has been a favorite schoolroom map because it shows almost the whole world simply—in a single continuous panel. It does not seem to distort shapes.

1964, David Greenhood, Mapping, University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 128:

(chiefly attributive) An orthomorphic map projection, in which meridians appear at right-angles to the equator, and lines of latitude are horizontal lines whose distance from each other increases with distance from the equator.


slippy map

(web design, cartography) An interactive digital map with pan and zoom features.


reproject

en-verb

reproject (third-person singular simple present reprojects, present participle reprojecting, simple past and past participle reprojected)

reprojects (present singular third-person)
reprojecting (participle present)
reprojected (participle past)
reprojected (past)

(cartography) To change the projection (or coordinate system) of spatial data with another projection.


isochasm

From iso- + Ancient Greek χάσμα (khásma, “abyss, chasm”). See chasma.

der

(geography) A line connecting places on the Earth's surface that have the same mean frequency of auroras.


isotherombrose

From iso- + Ancient Greek θέρος (théros, “summer”) + Ancient Greek ὄμβρος (ómbros, “rain, rainstorm”) + -ose.

The curve or isotherombrose of 0—that is, the line in the vicinity of which it never rains in summer—passes through the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea, as well as through Syria, and does not touch Europe.

1850, Alexander Keith Johnson, The Physical Atlas of Natural Phenomena: Reduced from the Edition in Imperial Folio for the Use of Colleges, Academies and Families, page 61:

(geography) An isoline connecting points on the Earth's surface that have the same mean summer rainfall.


isocryme

From iso- + Ancient Greek κρυμός (krumós, “cold, chilliness”) (see κρύος (krúos)). Coined by James D. Dana in 1854, who glossed κρυμός as "extreme cold".

An isoline connecting points on the Earth's surface having the same mean temperature in the coldest month of the year.


isobathytherm

(oceanography) An isoline connecting the points on the Earth's surface where a certain temperature is found at the same depth.


equirectangular

(cartography) Mapping meridians to equally-spaced vertical straight lines, and circles of latitude to evenly-spread horizontal straight lines.


homolosine

(cartography) Being or employing a particular pseudocylindrical, equal-area, composite projection used for world maps.


gnomonic

From Latin gnōmonicus, Ancient Greek γνωμονικός (gnōmonikós, “judging by rule”). Compare French gnomonique. See gnomon.

uder

(cartography) Showing all great circles as straight lines, and thus preserving the shortest distances between any two locations.

gnomoninen

showing all great circles as straight lines


pseudocylindrical

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudocylindrical.wav

(cartography) Representing the central meridian and each parallel as a single straight line segment, but not the other meridians.


pseudoazimuthal

(cartography) Describing various map projections based on the azimuthal.


pseudoconical

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pseudoconical.wav

(cartography) Describing various map projections based on the conical.


retroazimuthal

Littrow projection is the only conformal retroazimuthal projection.

(cartography) In which the direction to a fixed location B (the bearing at the starting location A of the shortest route) corresponds to the direction on the map from A to B.


chartometer

An instrument for measuring distances of charts or maps.


isothermobath

From iso- + thermo- + Ancient Greek βαθύς (bathús, “deep”) (see bathy-).

(oceanography) An line drawn through points of equal temperature in a vertical section of the ocean.


gnomical

North Points of the Horizon , which could not be done with an ordinary gnomical Dial

1688, Robert Doyle, A Disquisition about the Final Causes of Natural Things:


overpost

en-verb

overpost (third-person singular simple present overposts, present participle overposting, simple past and past participle overposted)

overposts (present singular third-person)
overposting (participle present)
overposted (participle past)
overposted (past)

...labels must be positioned to avoid overposting, but without destroying the eye's ability to associate labels with appropriate features.

1990, Michael F. Goodchild, Karen Kathleen Kemp, NCGIA Core Curriculum: Introduction to GIS, page 17-4:

In the other method, a mapping program may have the ability to avoid overposting.

1990, J. A. Coffeen, Seismic on screen: an introduction to interactive interpretation, →ISBN:

Generally, shot point data have less overposting when the data is posted perpendicular to the orientation of the seismic line.

1992, Denver GeoTech ...: Proceedings, page 171:

(cartography) To print a text label or other graphic feature on top of another symbol.


overpost

Mapping programs such as SACM have automatic overpost deletion routines but useful data often are eliminated.

1980, Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, Petroleum exploration:

Even when the plot scale allows sufficient space for posting, overposts can occur because of the orientation of the lines.

1985, William R. Green, Computer-Aided Data Analysis: A Practical Guide, page 124:

Figure 1 shows the use of the overpost environment to reposition text.

1995, Cartography and Geographic Information Systems:

(cartography) An overlap of two graphic elements.


equipluve

A line, drawn on a map, that connects places having the same amount of rainfall in a particular time period


T and O map

Short for Latin orbis terrarum, orb or circle of the lands.

(historical cartography) A type of mediaeval map of the world, representing only the top half of a spherical Earth.


isochimenal

From French isochimène, from iso- + Ancient Greek χειμαίνω (kheimaínō, “to be wintry”), from χεῖμα (kheîma, “winter”).


isopor

From iso- + Ancient Greek πόρος (póros, “journey”), on the basis that isopors are "lines of equal travel".

Mapping of the isopors, or lines of equal magnetic change, by the Department disclosed a large number of isoporic foci where the change in the magnetic elements is taking place most rapidly.

1938, Cooperation in Research: Carnegie institution of Washington Publication no. 501:

(geomagnetism) A line on a map that joins places of equal annual change in a geomagnetic property; an isoporic line.


representative fraction

en-noun

representative fraction (plural representative fractions)

(cartography) The scale of a map expressed as a fraction. For example, 1/63,360 or 1:63,360 indicates a scale of one inch to the mile.


vertical interval

vertical interval (plural vertical intervals)

(cartography) The vertical distance on the ground which separates adjacent contour lines on a map.


SLI

(cartography) Initialism of street-level imagery.


foot stick

(cartography) A narrow foot crossing (for example a log) over a stream.


isodose

A line (on a map, etc.) of equal dose of radiation.


isoecho

(meteorology, aviation) A line on a map joining points of equal radar reflectivity.


chorochromatic

(cartography, of a map) Having regions of different colours that indicate the distribution of some resource or characteristic.


isopoll

Isopoll maps can be reinterpreted to show the migration of a particular genus or ecotone through time by isochrones (equal time lines).

(palynology) A line on a map showing places having the same amounts of a particular pollen.


hectad

Those taxa that show interesting distributions have been mapped and included here, their maps incorporating earlier records made by Laflin and others from 1958 to 1968 which had been based only on localities with hectad grid references.

1998, John Killick, Alan Roy Perry, Stan[ley Reginald John] Woodell, The Flora of Oxfordshire, [Newbury, Berkshire]: Pisces Publications, →ISBN:

This comprises the proportion of each hectad covered by each of ten land-cover types: sea, coastal, arable, broadleaf forest, built-up, conifer forest, improved grassland, open water (rivers, lochs, etc.), semi-natural and upland. The temperature used was taken to be the annual temperature per hectad averaged over the period 1920–1999 […]

2007, Glenn Marion et al., “Towards an Integrated Approach to Stochastic Process-based Modelling: With Applications to Animal Behaviour and Spatio-temporal Spread”, in David L. Swain et al., editors, Redesigning Animal Agriculture: The Challenge of the 21st Century, Wallingford, Oxon., Cambridge, Mass.: CAB International, →ISBN, page 166:

They took figures for the abundance of invasive weeds mapped according to the normal grid unit of the 'hectad', or 10 × 10 km square, and then looked at how abundant these species were mapped at a much finer scale – in 'tetrads', or 2 × 2 km squares, inside these hectads.

2010, Richard Mabey, Weeds: How Vagabond Plants Gatecrashed Civilisation and Changed the Way We Think about Nature, London: Profile Books, →ISBN:

Certainly pampas grass made a slow start in the wild in this country [United Kingdom]; despite being grown here since 1848, it was recorded in only 21 hectads (10 x 10km squares) up to 1986, but is now recorded in 425.

2014 December 12, Ken Thompson, “Do plants have a gender? Most plants are hermaphrodite, but not all – and an interesting situation arises when only one sex is imported into the UK [print version: Alien plant species in search of a mate: Although most plants are hermaphrodite, some come in two distinct genders. So how does a single-sex community develop?, page W28]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Weekend), archived from the original on 2016-03-15:

(biology, cartography) A unit of land area, ten by ten (that is, a hundred) square kilometres, often used for assessing how widely distributed particular animals or plants are.


Littrow projection

Littrow projection (plural not attested)

Developed by Joseph Johann von Littrow in 1833.

(cartography) A map projection that is conformal and retroazimuthal.


trap street

Trap streets are used as a weapon in corporate warfare, but in certain circumstances, trap streets can be used to fight a different kind of battle. Molly Metropolis certainly understood the importance of trap streets, and as she constructed her map of real train lines and paper ones, she included traps of her own.

2015, Catie Disabato, The Ghost Network, Melville House, →ISBN:

(cartography) A fictitious or inaccurately represented street on a map, inserted as a means of detecting plagiarism.


bleed edge

(cartography) On maps, where some mapping extends beyond the neatline indicating detail which may be found on adjoining sheets.


isolex

An isogloss indicating where a certain word is used.


mereing

From Middle English, from Old English mǣre (“boundary, limit”), from Proto-Germanic *mēriją (“boundary”), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to fence”). Cognate with Dutch meer (“a limit, boundary”), Icelandic mærr (“borderland”), Swedish landamäre (“border, borderline, boundary”).

cog

Mereings on O.S. maps show to which field or enclosure the boundary fence […] belongs […]

1934, Ordnance Survey, Notes on CB, Parish and other Boundaries:

(cartography) An administrative or property boundary on a map.


globe of the world

en-noun

globe of the world (plural globes of the world)

A spherical model of the Earth, marked out as a map, held at an angle in a frame so that it can be rotated


lockspit

Apparently: lock (“fastening”) + spit (“spade's depth”)

The widening of the river referred to in items […] was carried out by first cutting a V-shaped trench or lockspit throughout the length of the widenings on the line of the proposed new river bank […].

1937, Transactions of the Institution of Engineers amd Shipbuilders, volume 80, page 8:

Lockspits will not be shown [on maps] in bogs except where they occur on County, Barony and Townland Boundaries.

1966, Blue Book 1966, Southampton: Ordnance Survey:

(cartography) A trench dug in the ground to mark a boundary or other imaginary line.


isallobar

Seasonal variations of atmospheric pressure are illustrated by the isallobaric chart […] which gives the differences between mean pressure in July–August, and in January–February. The position of the isallobars on this chart is largely indicative of the role of monsoonal factors […]

1965, L. V. Kool', “The pressure field of the Atlantic trade-wind belt and its changes with height”, in Oceanology, volume 5, numbers 4-6, page 35:

Successive values of pressure provide figures for the barometric tendency, permitting the plotting of isallobars […] This is called tendency analysis.

1977, Edward Linacre, John E. Hobbs, Ann McGrath, The Australian climatic environment, page 153:

If your barometer has dropped 0.05 of an inch in the last three hours, you are on the -0.05 isallobar.

1977, Blair & Ketchum's Country Journal, volume 4, page 27:

(meteorology) A line joining points of equal pressure change during a specific time interval, especially over three hours.


Tissot's indicatrix

Tissot's indicatrix (plural Tissot's indicatrices)

Developed by French mathematician Nicolas Auguste Tissot in the 19th century.

(cartography) A mathematical contrivance used to characterize local distortions due to map projection. It is the geometry that results from projecting a circle of infinitesimal radius from a curved geometric model, such as a globe, onto a map.


phantom island

A purported island, typically reported by sailors exploring a new region, that formerly appeared on maps but was later found not to exist.


Cibola

census-designated place
census-designated place

A census-designated place in La Paz County, Arizona, United States.


DTM

digital terrain model
w:digital elevation model

(cartography) Initialism of digital terrain model.


paper town

(cartography) A nonexistent town included on a map in order to identify cases of plagiarism by others.


stereographic projection

stereographic projection (plural stereographic projections)

1974 [Prentice-Hall], Richard A. Silverman, Complex Analysis with Applications, Dover, 1984, Unaltered republication, page 19,
Thus we see that stereographic projection establishes a one-to-one correspondence between the extended complex plane and the Riemann sphere.

1991, E. J. F. Primrose (translator), Simeon Ivanov (editor of translation), A. T. Fomenko, A. A. Tuzhilin, Elements of the Geometry and Topology of Minimal Surfaces in Three-Dimensional Space, American Mathematical Society, page 67,
Proposition 2. The stereographic projection π_N:S²→Oxy of the sphere S² onto the xy-plane from the North Pole N preserves the angles between tangent vectors. Thus, the coordinates specified on S²⧵N by the stereographic projection π_N are isothermal.

Before we can recognize such patterns confidently, we need to know whether the stereographic projection faithfully represents the true clustering of directions in space.

2004, Richard J. Lisle, Peter R. Leyshon, Stereographic Projection Techniques for Geologists and Civil Engineers, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, page 40:

(projective geometry, complex analysis, cartography) A function that maps a sphere onto a plane; especially, the map generated by projecting each point of the sphere from the sphere's (designated) north pole to a point on the plane tangent to the south pole.


aerophotograph

/ˈeə.ɹə.fəʊtəˌɡɹɑːf/

(cartography) A photograph of the ground taken from an aircraft.


basemap

(cartography, GIS) The map used as the basic map. Other data may be overlaid upon a basemap: for example, an aerial imagery basemap on which is overlaid property lines.


orthophotomap

(cartography) A map in the form of an orthophotomosaic.


orthophotomap

en-verb

orthophotomap (third-person singular simple present orthophotomaps, present participle orthophotomapping, simple past and past participle orthophotomapped)

orthophotomaps (present singular third-person)
orthophotomapping (participle present)
orthophotomapped (participle past)
orthophotomapped (past)

(cartography, transitive) To map (a region) in this manner.


isoflor

From iso- + clipping of flora. The Eocene fossil sense was first employed by Chaney in 1940 (see quotations).

Isoflor maps do not show actual species distributions, but each line is a contour delimiting a greater or lesser concentration of species. The species distributions for each species is plotted onto one sectional map, then contours are drawn around areas of similar species concentration. The isoflor maps are intended to indicate patterns of distribution concentration, rather than actual distributional patterns.

1985, Nigel Maxted, An Ecogeographical Study of Vicia Subgenus Vicia, page 93:

An isoline on a map that connects areas where a given number of plant taxa can be found, particularly species within a certain genus or family.


isabnormal

In January, the coldest part of Siberia lies within a −20°C isabnormal; it is 20°C colder than the average temperature along its latitude.

(meteorology, obsolete) A line connecting places on a map with equal deviation from the average temperature at that latitude.


isanomal

In general pattern, the isanomal map showing the extent to which Tasmanian stations depart from the world mean of variability for all places with the same average rainfall confirms the map of relative variability.

1956, Peter Scott, “Variability of annual rainfall in Tasmania”, in Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, volume 90, page 53:

The values of gravity acceleration obtained are plotted on Bouguer's isanomal map for geological interpretation.

1986, Miloš Kužvart, Miloslav Böhmer, Prospecting and Exploration of Mineral Deposits:

(geology, meteorology) An isoline joining points with the same degree of anomaly or deviation in some meteorological or geological phenomenon.


isanthesic

an isanthesic map

(botany, cartography) Relating to a kind of isoline that joins places on the Earth where the flowers of a particular plant species bloom at the same time.


isopectic

equiglacial line
equiglacial line#English


isopiptesis

Refashioning of the earlier spelling isepiptesis, from German Isepiptesen used by Alexander von Middendorff in his 1855 work Die Isepiptesen Russlands, from iso- + Ancient Greek ἐπίπτησις (epíptēsis, “flying down upon”), from ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) + πτῆσῐς (ptêsis, “flight”), from πέτομαι (pétomai, “fly”).

der

The conclusion that the migration takes place at right angles to the isopipteses seemed justified; but, with regard to the direction of the bird's migration to be ascertained, could not possibly prove more exact than the premises themselves, the methods of inquiry, and the material.

1892, J. A. Palmén, “Report on the Migration of Birds”, in C. W. Shoemaker, transl., Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution:

An isoline that joins points on a map where the individuals of a particular migratory species arrive at the same time each year.


isoanabase

The northern part is the most important uplift zone in Romania, while the southern part has a similar velocity to the other mountains in Romania. The Dorna Depression, which in the previous map was only outlined, is contoured by isoanabases with values reduced (+ 3.0 mm/y) in the new one.

1987, Miron N. Popescu, “Maps of recent vertical crustal movements in Romania: Similarities and differences”, in Journal of Geodynamics, volume 8, numbers 2–4, page 132:


isocatabase

Moreover, a combination of inclinometer measurement correlated with isocatabase maps in different time sections can be accepted as an optimal methodology for identification of the underground mining influence on slope deformations.

2012, Marian Marschalko, Işık Yilmaz, Martin Bednárik, Karel Kubečka, “Deformation of slopes as a cause of underground mining activities: three case studies from Ostrava–Karviná coal field (Czech Republic)”, in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, volume 184, pages 6709–6733:

(geology) An isobase of equal subsidence.


isodapane

Borrowed from German Isodapane, coined by Alfred Weber. Equivalent to iso- + Ancient Greek δαπάνη (dapánē, “cost”).

(economics) An isoline joining points on a map with the same total transport costs.


isotim

Borrowed from German Isotim, coined by Alfred Weber. Equivalent to iso- + Ancient Greek τιμή (timḗ, “value”).

(economics) An isoline joining points on a map with the same transport costs for a particular product.


isopract

From iso- + Ancient Greek πρακτικός (praktikós, “fit for action, effective”) (see practise).


isobenth

The boundaries as well as the macro-epibenthic biomass distribution and composition of a North Adriatic benthic community […] were determined. […] The biomass values were used to establish isobenths. Within the community, the mean biomass, measured as wet weight, amounted to 370 (±73) g/m² with maxima of more than 1000 g/m². […] Biomass distribution and composition is examined, and the ecological function and meaning of the observed patterns is discussed.

1976, K. Fedra et al., “On the ecology of a North Adriatic benthic community: Distribution, standing crop and composition of the macrobenthos”, in Marine Biology, volume 38, pages 129–145:

(marine biology) An isoline connecting points on a map having equal amounts of benthic biomass.


isodyn

From iso- + Ancient Greek δύναμις (dúnamis, “power”). Coined by Jack W. Reed in 1975.

Lockheed purposely avoided isodyns and chose to construct maps showing the estimated values of wind power for each station.

1979, “Synthesis of National Wind Energy Assessments”, in Dorothy J. De Renzo, editor, Wind Power: Recent Developments, page 59:

Values of wind power are given in units of watts per square meter (of rotor swept area), along isodyns, or curves of constant power. These maps indicate only the total wind power available in the wind; the actual wind power extracted by a particular machine will be some fraction […]

1989, J.O. Bockris, B. Dandapani, J.C. Wass, “A Solar Hydrogen Energy System”, in Advances in Solar Energy, page 218:

An isoline connecting places at which an equal amount of wind power is available near ground level on average.


flation

By analogy with inflation and deflation.

There is only inflation or deflation of scale (which we refer to generically as "flation") from whatever is designated as the standard.

2016, Sarah E. Battersby, Daniel “daan” Strebe, Michael P. Finn, “Shapes on a plane: evaluating the impact of projection distortion on spatial binning, Cartography and Geographic Information Science”, in Cartography and Geographic Information Science, →DOI:

(cartography) Distortions of area; differences in the areas of objects on a map compared to true scale.


GPS system

How do you all feel about GPS systems in your personal vehicles? Would you pay the extra to have one?

2000 April 10, Susan, “Personal vehicles with GPS systems - Opinions, please”, in novell.community.chat (Usenet), retrieved 2022-06-29:

I prefer to use a map and a compass that is in my Jeep. I have made it to all of my clients on time using that method. I feel it would be like a calculator, I can no longer do large mathematical problems in my head due to lack of practice. I am afraid of what would happen if that was the case with GPS systems.

2000 April 10, Timothy A. Leerhoff, “Personal vehicles with GPS systems - Opinions, please”, in novell.community.chat (Usenet), retrieved 2022-06-29:

In the GPS systems I've seen, it tells you what it's measuring.

2006 July 14, Larry Bud, “Golf cart GPS systems Accurate?”, in rec.sport.golf (Usenet), retrieved 2022-06-29:

Now, is there any way to know where the chopper flew last night? Is there a flight recorder? GPS system?

2012, Christine Roum, “Secret Santa” (19:13 from the start), in Castle, season 5, episode 9, spoken by Kate Beckett (Stana Katic):

The GPS system sends the data of all sats. The receivers need to know that. Probably you can ask your receiver.

2022 June 11, Gerhard Hoffmann, “gps sattelites”, in sci.electronics.design (Usenet), retrieved 2022-06-29:

So, Ohio State University and all the others who explain how the GPS system works are just "a bunch of fanatics idiots"? Only YOU know the "truth"?

2022 June 21, det...@outlook.com, “Time Dilation Experiments”, in sci.physics.relativity (Usenet), retrieved 2022-06-29:


WGS

World Geodetic System
w:World Geodetic System

(cartography) Initialism of World Geodetic System, a standard for use in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation.


GPS art

While it is easy to dismiss GPS art as nothing more than the misuse of a system meant to provide information, the spatial intelligence required to create these works is something to admire (Farman, 2014).

2017, Daniel Ness, Stephen J. Farenga, Salvatore G. Garofalo, Spatial Intelligence […] , Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, page 64:

A TIGER, a bear and a T-Rex dinosaur are among the GPS art created by a runner.

2022 September 20, Toby Donegan-Cross, “Runner creates amazing GPS art of a tiger, a bear and a T-Rex”, in The Sun:

Global Positioning System
Global Positioning System

Art based on the Global Positioning System (GPS), in particular GPS drawings created by recording pre-planned routes.


Europa regina

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Europa regina (“Queen Europe”).

bor+

(historical, cartography) The map-like depiction of the European continent as a queen, made popular in the 16th century.


Aitoff projection

en-noun

Aitoff projection (plural Aitoff projections)

(cartography) A modified azimuthal map projection based on the equatorial form of the azimuthal equidistant projection, which first halves longitudes, then projects according to the azimuthal equidistant, and then stretches the result horizontally into a 2:1 ellipse to compensate for having halved the longitudes.


Tholm

From the name of an area in southern China mentioned by Marco Polo, later put by cartographers in area between Asia and America.
Before or after the Anian Strait was (most probably falsely) rapported found by L. Maldonado, the Tholm-name was moved by the cartographers to the eastern side of this strait, becoming a location in America (together with Bergi and Anian, also from Marco Polo).
In later maps the toponym is moved further, into south-eastern side of Sierra Nevada.

A toponym used on old maps, located some place between Alaska and Sierra Nevada


Anian

From the name of an area in southern China mentioned by Marco Polo (as Anin, Ania or Anian depending on the text copy), later put by cartographers into area between Asia and America.
Before or after the Anian Strait was (probably falsely) reported found by L. Maldonado, the Anian-name was moved by the cartographers to the eastern side of this strait, becoming a location in America (together with Bergi and Tholm, also from Marco Polo).

A toponym used on old maps, located in Alaska-area


Bergi

From the name of Bargu tribe (Barga Mongols), mentioned by Marco Polo, later put further northwards by cartographers into the area between Asia and America.
Before or after the Anian Strait was (most probably falsely) rapported found by L. Maldonado, the Bergi-name was moved by the cartographers to the eastern side of this strait, becoming a location in America (together with Anian and Tholm, also from Marco Polo).
On the Blaeu's map both Bargu and Bergi are depicted each on opposite sites of the Anian Strait. It can be explained as the result of copying from two different maps.


Babinet projection

Babinet projection (plural Babinet projections)

It was reinvented and popularized in 1857 by Jacques Babinet.

Mollweide projection
Mollweide projection#English

(cartography) Synonym of Mollweide projection


Mollweide projection

Mollweide projection (plural Mollweide projections)

First published in 1805 by mathematician and astronomer Karl (or Carl) Brandan Mollweide (1774–1825) of Leipzig.

(cartography) An equal-area, pseudocylindrical map projection generally used for maps of the world or celestial sphere.


Hammer projection

Hammer projection (plural Hammer projections)

Mollweide projection
Mollweide projection

(cartography) A certain map projection intended to reduce distortion in the regions of the outer meridians, where it is extreme in the Mollweide projection.


Robinson projection

Robinson projection (plural Robinson projections)

(cartography) A map projection that is neither equal-area nor conformal, designed as a compromise to show the entire world as a flat image.


van der Grinten projection

van der Grinten projection (plural van der Grinten projections)

Devised by Alphons J. van der Grinten in 1898.

(cartography) A compromise map projection that is neither equal-area nor conformal, but projects the entire world onto a circle.


SRTM

Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
w:Shuttle Radar Topography Mission

(cartography) Initialism of Shuttle Radar Topography Mission.


political map

(cartography) A map that shows territorial borders.


Conibas

a phantom toponym (village or lake) in old maps (usually placed in modern Northern Canada, more rarely in the western part of modern USA)


Fusang

a legendary country in old Chinese books, assumed to be Japan; in old European maps of North America may sometimes be found north of California


Pagul

a phantom city in Northern Canada (on old maps)


Kong Mountains

a phantom mountain range, which can be found in many old maps of African Guinea in present-day Burkina Faso-area


Quivira

a toponym in old maps of America, located north of Mexico or south of Anian


Zubaira

Attested as Zuhaïra in a French book. May be related to the phantom country of Zubgara located in the same area.


Moozemlek

First appeared in Baron de Lahontan's map letter mentioning Mozeelek or Mozeemlek.

a phantom toponym located west from the Rocky Mountains (on old maps)


TIGER

w:Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing

(cartography) Acronym of Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing.


time series animation

time series animation (countable and uncountable, plural time series animations)

(film, television, cartography) The depiction or presentation of different events or incidents in a chronological or sequential order according to a particular attribute.