noblewoman

The King [...] sit at the head of the royal table with his elder warriors and advisers, noblemen and noblewomen.

2019, Marlon James, Black Leopard, Red Wolf, Hamish Hamilton, page 377:

A woman having a noble rank, especially one belonging to the peerage; a Lady.


heer

[…] ſo as I was for four Days and Nights together in State of one of your Dutch Heers after a Feaſt, looking ſtill when I ſhould vomere Animam; […]

1725, Memorials of Affairs of State in the Reigns of Q. Elizabeth and K. James I. […], volume III, London: […] W. B. for T. Ward, […], page 387:

Mr Irving, after writing, perhaps after printing one volume, and three-fourths of another, seems to have been suddenly struck with a conviction of the worthlessness of the materials that had thus been passing through his hands, and in a happy day, and a happy hour, he determined to fill up the remaining fifty or sixty pages, not with milk-and-water stuff about ghosts and banditti, but with some of his own old genuine stuff—the quaintnesses of the ancient Dutch heers and frows of the delicious land of the Manhattoes.

1824 September, “Letters of Timothy Tickler, Esq. to Eminent Literary Characters. No. XVIII. To Christopher North, Esq. On the last Edinburgh and Quarterly Reviews, and on Washington Irving’s Tales of a Traveller.”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume XVI, number XCII, Edinburgh: William Blackwood; London: T[homas] Cadell, […], pages 295–296:

These two or three days past we are filled with reports from Amsterdam and other places in the Dutch Netherlands that the French King much falls off from his agreement with the Dutch, as they say, and that the Prince of Orange, who so lately was in great danger, is now highly complimented by all the Dutch heers.

1913, F[rancis] H[enry] Blackburne Daniell, editor, Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series. March 1st, 1678, to December 31st, 1678, with Addenda, 1674 to 1679. Preserved in the Public Record Office., London: […] The Hereford Times Limited, […], page 272:

The duke of Deux-Ponts was the only man of the German princes whom we saw there, and he came accompanied with 6 or 7 Dutch heers, his wife, and six or seven lusty Dutch wenches; […]

1972, Maurice Lee, Jr., editor, Dudley Carleton to John Chamberlain, 1603–1624: Jacobean Letters, New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, →ISBN, page 31:

However, when I tell you that the Queen of England and the Duke of Edinburgh were there, and the King of Norway, and the Shah of Persia and Queen Farah Diba, and the Prince Michael of Greece, and Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent, and Prince Bertil of Sweden, plus nearly fifty assorted princes and princesses, dukes, barons, graafs and gravins, meurows and heers, you will begin to see just how high a high point it was in the Amstel’s history.

1976, Christopher Matthew, A Different World: Stories of Great Hotels, Paddington Press Ltd., →ISBN, page 17:


laird

The noun is borrowed from Scots laird, from northern or Scottish Middle English lard, laverd, a variant of lord. The verb is derived from the noun. Doublet of hlaford and lord.

(historical) A feudal lord in Scottish contexts.

Now Wiſe, and Rich, and Worthie, and Wonderful, and Faithful and True, and Rare, & Charitable, and Great Laird of Carnwath, Be not Prowd, altho I Commend you at ſuch a Rate behind your back and yet never ſaw You...

1712 January 1, [William Mitchel], The Tinklars Speech to the Most Loyal Country-man, the Honourable Laird of Carnwath, [Edinburgh?]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 2:

Once I was call'd a great Fife laird,
I dwelt not far from the Hall-yard:
[...]
O! but it's long and many a year,
Since laſt my feet did travel here.
I find great change in old lairds places,
I know the ground, but not the faces,
Where ſhall I turn me firſt about,
For my acquaintance is worn out?

1751, “The Speech of a Fife Laird, Newly Come from the Grave”, in The Speech of a Fife Laird Newly Come from the Grave. The Mare of Collingtoun. The Banishment of Poverty. Three Scots Poems, Glasgow: Printed and sold by Robert & Andrew Foulis, →OCLC, page 2:

[H]e brought with him money enough to purchase the small estate of Monkbarns, then sold by a dissipated laird to whose father it had been gifted, with other church lands, upon the dissolution of the great and wealthy monastery to which it had belonged.

1816, [Walter Scott], chapter II, in The Antiquary. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 27:

Though now entered on the stage of glorious war, the young Laird of Dalbracken remained still the same imaginative and sensitive being who dreamed and loved in the scenes of his boyhood.

1848, [James Kirkland], chapter XV, in The Eerie Laird: Being the Only Authentic History of the Person so Called by Tradition in Scotland; […], London: T[homas] C[autley] Newby, […], →OCLC, page 143:

Lowland lairds allied themselves with Highland chiefs, along with Edinburgh and Glasgow burghers who worried about having to compete for markets with English merchants.

2001, Arthur [L.] Herman, “A Trap of Their Own Making”, in How the Scots Invented the Modern World: The True Story of How Europe’s Poorest Nation Created Our World & Everything in It, New York, N.Y.: Crown Publishers, →ISBN; paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Three Rivers Press, 2001, →ISBN, part 1 (Epiphany), page 40:

(chiefly Scotland) An aristocrat, particularly in Scottish contexts and in reference to the chiefs of the Scottish clans.

In Scotland, the traditional term for the owner of an upland estate is the ‘laird’. [...] Well into the post-war period, the lairds of large estates were generally treated deferentially by local people but times have changed, [...] It would be a mistake to equate the title ‘laird’ to a British ‘lord’, as it does not confer any political standing, but the fact that some of Scotland’s lairds sit in the House of Lords can confuse the outsider.

2013, Jayne Glass, Alister Scott, Martin F. Price, Charles Warren, “Sustainability in the Uplands: Introducing Key Concepts”, in Jayne Glass, Martin F. Price, Charles Warren, Alister Scott, editors, Lairds, Land and Sustainability: Scottish Perspectives on Upland Management, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, part 1 (Sustainability in the Uplands), box 1.9 (Who is the ‘Laird’?), page 23:

(chiefly Scotland) A landowner, particularly in Scottish contexts.


laird

en-verb

laird (third-person singular simple present lairds, present participle lairding, simple past and past participle lairded)

lairds (present singular third-person)
lairding (participle present)
lairded (participle past)
lairded (past)

But cauld was his hearth ere his youdith was o'er, / An' he delved on the lands he had lairded before; / Yet though he beggared his ha' an' deserted his lea, / Contented he roamed on the banks o' the Dee.

1874, George Outram, “The Banks o’ the Dee”, in Henry Glassford Bell, editor, Lyrics Legal and Miscellaneous, 2nd edition, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood & Sons, →OCLC, page 86:

You'd stand with a single malt, / in braces, admiring a Grinling, / while I did a fingertip search of your face, / [...] / discovering the recesses of baronial you, / lairding it in a rental estate / we were about to lose.

2008, Samantha Wynne-Rhydderch, “A Pair of Antlers”, in Not in Those Shoes, London: Picador, →ISBN, page 21:

Declan observed him, analyzing his reaction. He loved to unnerve his lairding brother.

2013, Victoria Roberts, chapter 18, in X Marks the Scot, Naperville, Ill.: Sourcebooks Casablanca, →ISBN, page 194:

Classic horror movie The Wicker Man is getting an outside airing at Compton Verney. [...] Set on a remote Scottish island lairded over by the incomparable Christopher Lee, the film strands the viewer – and young policeman Edward Woodward – among a neo-pagan community where blood sacrifice, passion and lust collide in the mist.

2017 May 13, Ian Hughes, “Date with The Wicker Man for outdoor screening at Compton Verney”, in Leamington Observer, archived from the original on 2017-05-16:

(transitive, Scotland) Chiefly as laird it over: to behave like a laird, particularly to act haughtily or to domineer; to lord (it over).


comtesse

The king is impatient to see the comtesse, and I have promised that she will sup with him to-morrow evening in my apartment at Versailles.

1830, Autobiography: A Collection of the Most Instructive and Amusing Lives Ever Published, Written by the Parties Themselves. […], volume XXIX (Madame du Barri), London: Whittaker, Treacher, and Arnot, […], pages 81–82:

‘Louise Victoria is a comtesse?’ murmured the major. […] You’ll agree, I think, Madame Dupont, that some young ladies are to be cherished, whether they’re comtesses or not?

1982, Mary Jane Staples, Nurse Anna’s War, Corgi Books, published 2011, →ISBN, page 143:

“That is not fitting speech for a comtesse, not to mention highly unfashionable language for a young lady to use in mixed company.” […] “You have known many comtesses?” she asked, lowering her sword, sensing the threat from Gareth had passed . . . at least for now.

2009, Annaliese Evans, Night’s Rose, Tor Books, →ISBN, pages 18–19:


margravine

/ˈmɑːɡɹəviːn/

/ˈmɑɹɡɹəvin/

A woman with the rank and responsibilities of a margrave.

őrgrófnő

a woman with the rank and responsibilities of a margrave


ennoblement

en-noun

ennoblement (countable and uncountable, plural ennoblements)


graaf

From Dutch graaf. Doublet of graf and grave.

The knights of St. John once had here their dwelling, or commandery, as it was called, but had removed in 1312 to a new building within the city of Haarlem, where they were richly endowed by Graaf William the Good, who also conferred on them numerous privileges, of which not the least was, that the commander of the order should thenceforth be the host of the graafs.

1847, J[acob] van Lennep, translated by Frank Woodley, The Rose of Dekama; or, The Friesian Heiress. A Tale. (The Library of Foreign Romance, and Novel Newspaper: Comprising Standard English Works of Fiction, and Original Translations from the Most Celebrated Continental Authors, volume VIII), London: Bruce and Wyld, […], page 36, column 1:

And they always had an excuse, didn’t they? They, them, those—the rich men, the graafs and their bullyboys, the freemen, the knights, the mercenary chiefs, the militiamen, the lords and ladies… And now he was one of them. Would that he hadn’t drowned his old da, so the wicked asshole could have seen his son become a graaf before being hanged for whatever crimes Sander saw fit to charge him with.

2012, Jesse Bullington, The Folly of the World, Orbit, →ISBN, page 231:

And so the graafs mounted their huge steeds and fled, breaking through the enemy lines.

2016, Daniel O’Malley, Stiletto, New York, N.Y., Boston, Mass., London: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 82:


royal family

The family of the ruling sovereign of a country or state.


monarchism

monarchism (countable and uncountable, plural monarchisms)


knez

From Belarusian князь (knjazʹ) and Ukrainian князь (knjazʹ) (from Old Ruthenian кнѧзь (knjazʹ)) and Russian князь (knjazʹ); all from Old East Slavic кънѧзь (kŭnęzĭ), кнѧзь (knęzĭ), from Proto-Slavic *kъ̏nędzь (“prince”), from earlier *kъnęgъ, by consensus ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz (“king”). Doublet of cyning and king.

(historical) A leader of the Vlach (or Romanian) communities in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary.


earless

“Don’t you think you could catch this Earl (for Doctor Willett, and he never told a lie in his life, says he is so). You know Arley hasn’t much tact. An earl is better than to be the rich Mrs. Haverhill! An earl’s wife is a duchess, or at least, an earless—” / “A countess, ’ma!”

1870, Joseph Holt Ingraham, Annie Temple; Or, The Bankrupt's Heiress: A Home Romance, page 80:

“You see I don’t knew much about titles, as we have only the royal family in Honolulu—she is called an Earless, I suppose.” / “No, a countess. An earl in the English peerage is of the same rank as a count in some of the continental countries. When I come into the title, if I am married, my wife will be Countess of Somerset.”

1900, Linn Boyd Porter, A Sugar Princess, page 240:

Here it’s almost indecent to talk of love before marriage, and nearly as bad after, if you’re referring to your husband. And suppose that Céline accepted him, just . . . well, just to be a . . . what-do-you-call-it—earless?” / “Countess.”

1914, Francis Prevost, The Uncertain Glory, Lane, John, page 137:

“And if you had,” he puzzled it out, “you would be the—the Earless of Axminster.” / She gave a delighted gurgle of laughter. / “Countess,” she corrected him.

1926, The Strand Magazine, volume 72, page 234:

Penny had apparently grown as sick of Southwark Cathedral as had Melrose of his earldom. “Then that means your wife can’t be—what? An earless?” / “Countess.”

1984, Martha Grimes, The Dirty Duck, Scribner's, →ISBN:

Finally, Tristan blurted, “Does this mean you’ll be an earless Sophy? No, that can’t be right.” / “Idiot boy,” Caroline pronounced with a scathing look. “There’s no such thing as an earless. Sophy will be a countess. The Countess of Leyburn.”

1996, Lois Stewart, A Marriage of Convenience, Kensington Books, →ISBN, page 86:

His wife is not an Earless, but a Countess (sounds better, anyway).

1999, Carol Turkington, “Earl/Countess”, in The Complete Idiot's Guide to Cultural Etiquette, Alpha Books, →ISBN:

“An earl?” / “An earless,” she answered confidently. / Dewhurst blanched. / “No, no!” she hurriedly added, “I meant an earlette.” / He clutched one of the bedposts, knuckles turning white. “A countess,” he said so quietly she could hardly hear him.

2006 January 31, Shana Galen, Pride and Petticoats, →ISBN, page 76:

‘I’m sorry,’ she gulped, ‘but you should have seen Lady Stapleford’s face when the Earless greeted you first! And then Richenda nearly had a cow when you said the house was small.’ / ‘Countess,’ I said. ‘Not Earless.’

2013 July 4, Caroline Dunford, “Chapter Ten: The Court”, in A Death In The Wedding Party: A Euphemia Martins Mystery, →ISBN:

“Ho, yes!” exclaimed Janey. “To see dear Diana’s face would be a prize itself! Oh, H, think of it: you an earless—” / “Countess,” Kat corrected her.

2020 May, Sarah Burton, The Strange Adventures of H, Legend Press, →ISBN:

(nonstandard) A countess (a female holder of an earldom or the wife of an earl).


baronessa

Professor Hartt recalled that, at one of what Berenson liked to call his Sunday afternoon “tea fights,” he was surrounded by contessas, baronessas, and principessas in true Don Giovanni style.

1979, Meryle Secrest, Being Bernard Berenson: A Biography, New York, N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, →ISBN, page 391:

By five o’clock, contessas, baronessas, ministers, ambassadors, fashionistas, and local goddesses of Cinecittà began streaming across the huge piazza in front of the Farnese.

1998, Manuela Hoelterhoff, Cinderella & Company: Backstage at the Opera with Cecilia Bartoli, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, →ISBN, page 243:

“Oh, these Italian mothers,” replied Ciceri distractedly. “They’re all the same, baronessas or not. Their first concern is that their son eats enough for three people. Everything else is of lesser importance.”

2014, Marco Malvaldi, translated by Howard Curtis, The Art of Killing Well, MacLehose Press, Quercus Editions Ltd, →ISBN:


constitutional monarchy

constitutional monarchy (countable and uncountable, plural constitutional monarchies)

A monarchy that is limited by laws and a constitution.

monarki konstitusional

monarchy limited by laws and a constitution

立憲君主政体

りっけんくんしゅせいたい


landgrave

From German Landgraf, itself from Land (“land, territory, principality”) + Graf (“count”).

County nobleman in the British, privately held North American colony Carolina, ranking just below the proprietary (chartered equivalent of a royal vassal).


landgraviate

The countship of a landgrave, a rare type of principality in the Holy Roman Empire.


baronne

They [the bracelets] now by right belonged to the dowager baronne, but she had insisted on giving them to her son for his bride, who, therefore, wore them on such occasions as the one we are describing.

1864 October 15, Mariet, “Madame La Baronne de V⸺’s Diamond Bracelets. (A True Incident.)”, in Once a Week. An Illustrated Miscellany of Literature, Art, Science, & Popular Information, volume XI, number 277, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], page 475, column 1:

He certainly was not a herald of peace, and did not bring an olive branch by any means; on the contrary, he brought the news that—by means of threats, and even of violence—Count Waldeck and his sons had forced the Baronne to give up her jewels, her plate, and all the money there was in the château, and then, when she thought that that was a sufficient ransom to buy her liberty from the guests who had come and asked her hospitality, the poor woman had been seized, gagged, tied to her bed-post, and told that if she did not find another two hundred gold crowns within two hours the château would be set on fire, and burned to the ground with her in it.

[1870], Alexandre Dumas, [unknown, transl.], “Count Waldeck”, in The Page of the Duke of Savoy (The Waverley Dumas), London: The Waverley Book Company, Ltd., […], →OCLC, page 33:

A German Prince, a little dancer who is rehearsing for a new piece at one of the theatres, the Ambassador of one of the Great Powers, the proprietor of one of the great daily papers, the most popular of our English composers—these were some of the men and ladies whose faces I recognised, while the Princess, who had bowed and smiled to people she knew at half a dozen tables, told me the names of a score of marquis and marquises, and barons and baronnes, who, I if knew my Almanach de Gotha, which I do not, would no doubt have had much significance to me.

1901, [Nathaniel] Newnham-Davis, “The Carlton (Pall Mall)”, in Dinners and Diners: Where and How to Dine in London, 2nd edition, London: Grant Richards, […]; Office of the Pall Mall Publications, […], page 8:

The murderer had forced the baronne into a compromising correspondence, enlisted his friends as allies in the epistolary exchange, and displayed her signature to imply her consent.

1995, Elizabeth Colwill, “Laws of Nature / Rights of Genius: The Drame of Constance de Salm”, in Elizabeth C. Goldsmith, Dena Goodman, editors, Going Public: Women and Publishing in Early Modern France (Shari Benstock and Celeste Schenck, editors, Reading Women Writing), Ithaca, N.Y., London: Cornell University Press, →ISBN, page 239:

Olga [Rudge] and her mother [Julia Rudge] were always welcome in Parisian society; they rated high on guest lists that included barons and baronnes, comtes and comtesses, and the occasional prince or princess.

2001, Anne Conover Carson, “Halcyon Days No More: Between the Turn of the Century and the Great War”, in Olga Rudge and Ezra Pound, New Haven, Conn., London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 27:


heir apparent

heir apparent (plural heirs apparent or heir apparents)

heirs apparent (plural)
heir apparents (plural)

From Middle English heier apparaunt, a calque translation of Middle French héritier apparent, hence the unusual order of adjective following noun.

Coordinate term: heiress apparent

[…] for Mary, though perfectly resolved against ever attaching herself to a younger brother again, was long in finding among the dashing representatives, or idle heir apparents, who were at the command of her beauty, and her 20,000l. any one who could satisfy the better taste she had acquired at Mansfield, whose character and manners could authorise a hope of the domestic happiness she had there learnt to estimate, or put Edmund Bertram sufficiently out of her head.

1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter XVII, in Mansfield Park: […], volume III, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 345:

LeBron James, heir apparent to MJ’s throne, seems on paper like a dream trade—he stole plenty of laughs in Trainwreck a few summers ago.

2021 July 14, A. A. Dowd, “Space Jam: A New Legacy is one big, witless commercial for Warner Bros. properties”, in The A.V. Club:

(usually monarchy) Someone who will definitely inherit if surviving the one whose property is to be inherited.


heir presumptive

heir presumptive (plural heirs presumptive)

A calque of French héritier présomptif, hence the unusual order of adjective following noun.

Coordinate term: heiress presumptive

Someone who will become an heir (usually to a monarchy) only if no-one with a higher-ranking claim is born.

假定繼承人 /假定继承人

one who inherits if no one with a higher-ranking claim is born


margravate

/ˈmɑːɡɹəveɪt/

From margrave + -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office, the concrete charge of it).

af

From 1032 Provence had been a margravate of the Holy Roman Empire in the imperial Kingdom of Burgundy.

2011, Norman Davies, Vanished Kingdoms, Penguin, published 2012, page 174:

A territory governed by a margrave or margravine.


Ashvamedha

Borrowed from Sanskrit अश्वमेध (áśva-medhá, “horse-sacrifice”), an oxytonic tatpuruṣa compound of अश्व (áśva, “horse”) and मेध (médha, “animal sacrifice”).

bor

A peculiar verse in the Yajurvedic Ashvamedha tells us that in the sacrifices that were performed by the devas, Agni was the horse, and he conquered the earth (23/17). The idea of using the Ashvamedha horse for extending the rule to the neighbouring territories arose from this.

1996, Jayant Gadkari, Society and Religion: From Rugveda to Puranas, page 32:

(Hinduism) One of the most important Vedic sacrificial rituals related to kings, and name of the Rigvedic hymns 1.162-163 which deal with horse sacrifice.


sarki

(Nigeria) The emir of a Hausa-Fulani emirate.


Forbidden City

Calque of Chinese 紫禁城 (Zǐjìnchéng, literally “Purple Forbidden City”, or “Imperial Forbidden City”).

calque

The northern division of Peking consists of three inclosures one within another, each surrounded by its own wall. The first contains the imperial palace and the abodes of the different members of the imperial household ;[...]
The first inclosure, which is called the forbidden city, being the seat of ‘ the dragon’s throne,’ the place from which emanates the authority that governs one-third of mankind, is the most splendid, as well as the most important part of Peking. According to the notions of a Chinese, all within its walls is gold and silver.

1834 February, “Description of the City of Peking.”, in The Chinese Repository, volume II, number 10, Canton, →OCLC, page 438:

And within the Imperial city was the moated Forbidden city, with walls two and one-quarter miles long, plastered with a violet-coloured mortar, whence comes the popular name of the Purple city. The Forbidden city contained the Imperial palaces, which have been converted into a museum.

1968, “PEKING (PEIPING)”, in Encyclopedia Britannica, volume 17, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 532, columns 1, 2:

During the Tang Dynasty 12 centuries ago, even the Forbidden City in Peiping would stay open for three days to allow ordinary citizens to observe the Lantern Festival.

1979 February 11, “Lantern festival enchantment”, in Free China Weekly, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2:

Finally, in October, P'eng was moved from his quarters in the Chungnanhai area of the Forbidden City, where Mao, Liu Shao-ch’i and other Politburo members lived, to a dilapidated house in the Wu Chia Hua Yuan (Wu Family Garden), a compound within the Yuan Ming Park on the northern outskirts of Peking.

1983, Roderick MacFarquhar, The Great Leap Forward, 1958-1960 (The Origins of the Cultural Revolution), volume 2, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 235:

The wall surrounding the Chung Nan Hai is high and wide, painted vermilion in keeping with the decor of the Forbidden City. It has a circumference of many miles, intersected at intervals by gates guarded day and night by armed soldiers.

1991, Chris Mullin, The Year of the Fire Monkey (Fiction), London: Chatto & Windus, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 252:

After we toured the Forbidden City and the Great Wall, I held a question-and-answer session with students at Beijing University.

2005, Bill Clinton, My Life, volume II, New York: Vintage Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 435:

Those lucky visitors may be able to discover whether there is any truth to the legend that the Forbidden City, which was the home of China's emperors between 1420 and 1912, is haunted by ghosts who come out just at night.
Usually only VIPs — such as President Trump in 2017 — get to venture into the Forbidden City at night.

2019 February 19, Anna Fifield, “China’s Forbidden City to open to the general public at night for the first time in 94 years”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-02-19, WorldViews:

A palace of the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty located in Dongcheng district, Beijing, China.


God Save the King

It is a strange fact, but it is unquestionably true that almost any English intellectual would feel more ashamed of standing to attention during “God save the King” than of stealing from a poor box.

1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn:

The national anthem of the United Kingdom when the current monarch is a king.


God Save the King

(Australia, Canada, New Zealand, UK) An expression of one’s patriotism and hope for the long life of the monarch, especially in his presence.

(UK) A formal statement at the end of many proclamations issued by the King or in his name.

The Queen is dead! God save the King!

(UK) A formal declaration following the death of a reigning monarch when the next monarch is male.


limited monarchy

en-noun

limited monarchy (countable and uncountable, plural limited monarchies)

constitutional monarchy
constitutional monarchy

A government in which a monarch agrees to share power with a parliament and abide by a constitution; also known as a constitutional monarchy.


royalism

royalism (countable and uncountable, plural royalisms)

Impassioned allegiance to or advocacy of the establishment, maintenance, and/or interests of a particular king, royal house, or kingly dynasty; sometimes extended to the same of a non-royal (i.e., grand ducal, imperial, or other) family or sovereign; often contrasted with monarchism.


grand duchess

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-grand duchess.wav


grand duchy

The territory owned, ruled, or reigned over by a grand duke or grand duchess; contrast grand dukedom.

غْرَانْدُوقِيَّة

a dominion or region ruled by a grand duke or grand duchess


queen mother

A widowed queen consort (a queen dowager) whose son or daughter from that marriage is the reigning monarch.

الْمَلِكَة الْأُمّ

widowed queen consort whose son or daughter from that marriage is the reigning monarch


queen consort

queen consort (plural queens consort or queen consorts or queens consorts)

queens consort (plural)
queen consorts (plural)
queens consorts (plural)

Coordinate term: king consort

The Queens consorts of England are by law the perpetual patroneſſes; this hoſpital being conſidered as part of their dower.[…]Nothing now remains but to give a ſhort account of the Queens Consorts of England, who have been Patroneſſes of the two Hoſpitals of St. Katharine, from their foundation to the preſent time.

1782, “The present State of this Hospital, concluding with a List of the Royal Patronesses from its Foundation to the present Time”, in Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica. № V. […], London: […] J[ohn] Nichols, pages 42–43:

This implies they say, that the “queens” are spoken of not as queens regnant, but as queens consorts.[…]We allow that queens are here spoken of as queens consorts, and not as queens regnant. But though a queen consort possesses no official power, her husband does. And it is therefore an obvious fallacy to argue, that because queens consorts, who have no official power, can nurse the Church only in a private capacity, that therefore the kings, their husbands, who are possessed of official power, should nurse the Church only in a private capacity.

1839, William White, “Lecture II”, in Lectures on the Lawfulness and Advantages of National Establishments of Religion, Haddington: […] Neill and Sons; […], pages 44–45:

The other cases which bear upon, or have any analogy to, the present, are those of Queens Consorts of this kingdom;[…]As far, then, as we can judge by precedent of these matters (and I shall endeavour presently to show that there is no other mode of judging of them), it would appear that 50,000l. a-year is the sum which has ordinarily been allotted to princes in the situation of Prince Albert and to the Queens Consorts of this country. With respect to the sums which have been granted either to the husband of the Queen, or to Queens Consorts, in all cases of their surviving the Sovereign, the sum allowed has always been greater than that which I now propose.

1840 January 24, “The Prince Albert’s Provision”, in John Henry Barrow, editor, Mirror of Parliament. […], volume I, London: […] Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longmans, […], page 341, columns 1–2:

The founder of this college was Robert de Eglesfeld, chaplain and confessor to Philippa, queen consort of Edward III., who in compliment to his royal mistress designated it by the name of Queen’s college, or the hall of the Queen’s scholars. Philippa not only encouraged him in his work, but became its patroness after the founder’s death, which happened in 1349; an example which has since been followed most liberally by the queens consorts of many of our kings, in taking this college into their special favour.

1847, “Queen’s College”, in A Hand-book for Visitors to Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire: John Henry Parker, pages 134–135:

In its new state Queen Victoria wore the stone in a brooch, in a tiara, and, from 1858, in a circlet set for her by Garrard, the crown jewellers. It has never been worn by a male sovereign, for on her death Victoria bequeathed it to her daughter-in-law, Alexandra, and after her to successive queens consorts.

2000, Katherine Prior, John Adamson, Maharajas’ Jewels, Assouline, →ISBN, page 74:

He will lead the country in mourning as the new King and head of state for 14 Commonwealth realms. Camilla, his wife, becomes Queen Consort.

2022 September 8, “Queen Elizabeth II has died”, in BBC News:


Jacobite

From Latin Jācōbus (“James”) + -ite, equivalent to Jacob + -ite.

Syriac Orthodox Church
Syriac Orthodox Church

(Christianity, dated) A member of the Syriac Orthodox Church, or historically any miaphysite or monophysite. [from 15th c.]


nawab

From Hindi नवाब (navāb)/Urdu نواب (navāb), from Persian نوّاب (navvâb), ultimately from Arabic نُوَّاب (nuwwāb), plural of نَائِب (nāʔib, “naib”).

Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Polyura (possibly a subgenus of genus Charaxes).


Seljuk

Book of Dede Korkut
Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
Mahmud al-Kashgari
Seljuk (warlord)

From Ottoman Turkish سلجوق (Selcuk), ultimately from Old Anatolian Turkish سلجك (Selcuk) attested in the Dede Korkut and Karakhanid سلجك (Selcuk) attested in Mahmud al-Kashgari's Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk, of uncertain etymology. Compare modern Turkish Selçuk.
Pelliot & al. favored derivation via Arabic سَلْجُوق (Saljūq) from Proto-Oghuz [Term?] (*Sälčük), following some accounts taking the name from Proto-Turkic *sāl (“raft”) + *-čük (“-ock, -let: forming diminutives”) from the warlord's supposed birth on a raft on the Syr Darya. There are other early Persian and Arabic transcriptions, however, including سلجوك (Saljūk), سلچوق (Salčūq), and سلجق (Saljuq). Some sources take the original form of the name to have been *Salçuğ or *Salçığ with the meaning "one who fights", "disputes", or "struggles". Some arguing for an original pronunciation of [Term?] (*Selčük) or [Term?] (*Selčuk) would derive it from an early borrowing of Persian سیل (seyl, “flood”) + *-čük (“-ock, -let: forming diminutives”); others from *Sel as an earlier name of the Muztagh Ata in the Eastern Pamirs. Caferoğlu and Gedikli argue for derivation from a modified borrowing of Old Uyghur clean, pure (sil) + Proto-Turkic *-čük.

...the House of Seljuk...

Seljuk Bey, the legendary founder of an Oghuz Turk dynasty that ruled an eponymous Sunni Muslim empire in Southwest Asia and numerous successor states, particularly in Anatolia.


Seljuk

Book of Dede Korkut
Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
Mahmud al-Kashgari

Seljuk architecture

The designs, it is true, are more Seljuk than Ottoman (11). But Miletus was never really a Seljuk city, and of course at Constantinople the Ottomans succeeded directly to the Byzantines.

Like so many other Anatolian strongholds , Nicaea had become Seljuk without a fight, and almost at Byzantine invitation. The Turks found themselves in possession of a still impressive city.

Manisa became Seljuk in 1313 and Ottoman in 1390. The Ottoman sultans Murat II and Murat III were particularly fond of Manisa and happily resided here.

1992, Robertson McCarta, Nelles Guide: Turkey, Seven Hills Books, →ISBN:

It became Seljuk in the 11C and Mongol in the 13C. The important medieval trading centre was used from the 16C as the residence of the 'Begs', Kurdish feudal lords who were able to maintain their independence of the Ottoman Empire ...

1989, Marianne Mehling, Turkey, Phaidon Press:

This unhappy peace had been signed by March 1206 (the terminus ad quem). Given that between 13 April and 6 July 1204 Laodikeia became Seljuk, that in August (the terminus post quem) of the same year Kay-Khusraw I refused to cede Laodikeia and Chonai to Theodore I, […]

2014, Dimitri Korobeinikov, Byzantium and the Turks in the Thirteenth Century, OUP Oxford, →ISBN, page 142:

Maurozome's possessions, Laodikeia and Chonai, which had been given to him according to the treaty between Theodore I and the sultan by March 1206, finally became Seljuk in AH 603 (8 August 1206 - 27 July 1207).

2016, Kallirroe Linardou, Leslie Brubaker, Eat, Drink, and Be Merry (Luke 12:19) – Food and Wine in Byzantium: Papers of the 37th Annual Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, In Honour of Professor A.A.M. Bryer, Routledge, →ISBN:

Metal objects retrieved from these rooms look distinctly more Seljuk than Byzantine in nature and have resulted in our re-evaluation of when the site may have been abandoned.

2018, Sharon R. Steadman, Gregory McMahon, The Archaeology of Anatolia Volume II: Recent Discoveries (2015-2016), Cambridge Scholars Publishing, →ISBN, page 113:

Of or related to Seljuk, to his dynasty, to their empire in southwestern Asia, or to the period of their rule from the 11th–14th centuries.

سَلْجُوقِيّ

Of or related to Seljuk, his dynasty, and its empire


Seljuk

the Great Seljuks


regnal year

(law) A year in the reign of a monarch, beginning on the day of accession, the set of which are numbered ordinally. Formerly laws in the United Kingdom were identified in part by the regnal year of the monarch, and this practice is still followed in some Commonwealth countries.


regnal name

A name, which need not be the person's birth name, used by a monarch or pope during their reign.


landgravine

From German Landgräfin, equivalent to landgrave + -ine.

The wife of a landgrave, or a woman who rules over a landgraviate.


high society

high society (usually uncountable, plural high societies)

→ German: High Society

“‘What are the gaieties of the Rich, the splendours of the Powerful, what is the pride of the Great, what are the gaudy pleasures of High Society?’”

1921, Aldous Huxley, chapter II, in Crome Yellow, London: Chatto & Windus:

Exclusive nightclubs are out of style with me / 'Cause I don't associate with high society

1969, Joe Bataan (lyrics and music), “Ordinary Guy”:

The socially interacting wealthy fashionable elite of a society, especially in Western societies.

مُجْتَمَع رَاقِيّ

the socially interacting wealthy fashionable elite of a society


Habsburg

From German Habsburg, according to legend from Habichtsburg (“hawk's castle”) (Habicht (“hawk”) + Burg (“castle”)).

A Swabian noble family named after it, which became the ruling (hereditary) dynasty of Austria, at times other countries (mainly in Iberia and the former Burgundian territories) and supplied successive (elected) emperors of the Holy Roman Empire.


prince regent

prince regent (plural prince regents or princes regent or princes regents)

prince regents (plural)
princes regent (plural)
princes regents (plural)

From prince + regent (“one who rules in place of the monarch”).
The plural form princes regent treats the word regent attributively.

ref

From the collection of the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

compound

Accord betwixt D. Raymond Berenger, Prince Regent of Arragon, with the Templers and Hospitaliers, vpon the teſtament of King D. Alphonſo.

1612, Lewis de Mayerne Turquet [i.e., Louis Turquet de Mayerne], “The Contents of the Ninth Booke”, in Edward Grimeston, transl., The General Historie of Spaine, […], London: […] A[dam] Islip, and G[eorge] Eld, →OCLC, page 269:

As to the propoſition for a Prince Regent, it was argued, that this was as much againſt Monarchy, or rather more, than what they moved for. If a King's ill government did give the people a right in any caſe to take his power from him, and to lodge it with another, owning that the right to it remained ſtill with him, this might have every whit as bad conſequences, as the other ſeemed to have: For recourſe might be had to this violent remedy too often, and too raſhly.

a. 1716 (date written), [Gilbert] Burnet, “Book IV. Of the Reign of King James II.”, in [Gilbert Burnet Jr.], editor, Bishop Burnet’s History of His Own Time. […], volume I, London: […] Thomas Ward […], published 1724, →OCLC, page 813:

And if there be ſeveral Princes of that Family, one of the younger Brothers ſhall be choſen and preſented to that Biſhoprick; and if the younger Brothers fail, one of the Princes Regent ſhall be choſen: […]

1732, “A Treaty of Peace between the Empire and Sweden, Concluded and Sign’d at Osnabrug the 24th of October, 1648. The King of France was Comprehended in this Treaty as an Ally of Sweden.”, in A General Collection of Treatys, Manifesto’s, Contracts of Marriage, Renunciations, and Other Publick Papers, from the Year 1495, to the Year 1712, 2nd edition, volume II, London: […] J. J. and P. Knapton, […], →OCLC, page 434:

It happened farther, that ſome Noblemen of Great Poland (among whom One was a Woywode (one of the Princes Regents), and Two Counts, James de Oſtrorog, and Raphael de Leſzno), being deſirous to know fully all relating to the Brethren, took a Journey to them as they were about to hold a Synod in the Heart of Moravia; […]

1749, “[Appendix of the Most Material Vouchers and Papers, Referred to in the Report.] Rationale of the Brethrens Liturgies.”, in Report from the Committee to whom the Petition of the Deputies of the United Moravian Churches, in Behalf of Themselves and Their United Brethren, was Referred: […] (Acta Fratrum Unitatis in Anglia), London: [Samuel Richardson], →OCLC, part II (The Brethrens Method of Preaching the Gospel, […]), page 106:

We cannot determine whether it was the king [Charles VI of France] that acted himſelf upon this occaſion, or whether it was his council, or the princes regents of the kingdom: the hiſtorians ſay only ſimply the king.

1752, [Vincent-Claude] Chalons, “Charles VI”, in [anonymous], transl., The History of France: From the Establishment of that Monarchy under Pharamond, to the Death of Lewis XIII. […], London: […] R[obert] Dodsley, […], →OCLC, page 420:

[A]fter returning thanks to Heaven for the re-establishment of His Highness's health,—an event of incalculable importance to the interests of the afflicted Church, which never stood in greater need to virtuous Princes Regent (des Princes Regens vertueux)—[…] [From The Times.]

1813 August 5, Historicus [pseudonym], “Ancient Scandal”, in The Spirit of the Public Journals for 1813. […], volume XVII, London: […] [S. Gosnell] for James Ridgway, […], published 1814, →OCLC, paragraph XIII.4, page 196:

The Committee will have the honour to lay these Statements before Their Royal Highnesses the Princes Regents of the two Nations.

1813 July 28, Charles Stuart, Ricardo Raimundo Nogueira, John Bell, Henrique Teixeira Sampayo, “Report of the Committee Appointed to Direct the Distribution of the Grant Voted by the Parliament of The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, for the Relief of the Inhabitants of the Districts in Portugal, Laid Waste by the Enemy in the Year 1810”, in Miscellaneous, and Treaties with Foreign Powers: […], volume XIV, [London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office], →OCLC, page 5:

The young princes-regent revolted and proclaimed themselves the sovereigns of the realms over which they had been placed in temporary authority during the absence of their fathers.

1878, Robert Gossip, “Reign of Murad—First Bulgarian Campaign—An Ottoman Brutus—Battle of Kossova—Turkish Atrocities”, in Turkey and Russia: Their Races, History, and Wars. […], volume I, Edinburgh: Thomas C. Jack, Grange Publishing Works, →OCLC, page 37:

When the news of the fall of Peking to Li Tzŭ-ch‘êng […] reached Mukden in 1644 Fan [Wên-Ch‘êng] memorialized the princes regent urging them to seize this opportunity to conquer an empire, but in so doing to spare the lives of the common people and refrain from the destruction that characterized former invasions.

1943, Fang Chao-ying, “FAN Wên-Ch‘êng 范文程”, in edited by Arthur W[illiam] Hummel [Sr.], Eminent Chinese of the Ch‘ing Period (1644–1912), volumes I (A–O), Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, pages 231–232:

The two Prince Regents were but junior members of the Royal family and commanded little influence over their royal seniors or peers; they would not have been the choices of the royalty, had the latter been given a say in the matter.

2003, Kobkua Suwannathat-Pian, “The Experience of a Minor Monarch”, in Kings, Country and Constitutions: Thailand’s Political Development 1932–2000, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, published 2013, →ISBN, part II (Reality: The Practice of Constitutional Monarchy, 1932–1952), page 129:

Everyone knew that her [Princess Charlotte of Wales's] father, the prince regent [George IV], had a mistress. He ran up huge debts, which the government paid with taxes collected from the people. The prince regent had a string of younger brothers who stood in line to inherit the throne, but none of them had an heir to carry on the royal line after him.

2017, Catherine Reef, “England’s Hope”, in Victoria: Portrait of a Queen, New York, N.Y.: Clarion Books, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, →ISBN, page 12:

A prince who rules a country as a regent in place of a monarch who is unfit to rule for a particular reason.


monocracy

en-noun

monocracy (countable and uncountable, plural monocracies)

The question here arises: Shall it be transferred to one or to many; or shall the state, in regard to the persons who constitute its government, be a monocracy or an aristocracy?

1869, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, The Science of Rights, page 279:

A monocracy, as traditionalists called it, also seemed dangerous.

1991, William W. Freehling, The Road to Disunion: Secessionists at Bay, 1776-1854, volume 1:

In monocracies, the extent of closure is still greater.

2015, M. Steven Fish, Democracy Derailed in Russia: The Failure of Open Politics:


nakharar

(historical) A hereditary title of the highest order given to houses of the ancient and medieval Armenian nobility.

naxarar

reflecting scientific transliteration from Armenian


grand-duc

Coordinate term: grande-duchesse

The Grand-duc and Grande-duchesse Cyril, with their children, are expected at the Elysée Palace, Cannes, for the winter.

1921, Town & Country, volumes 77–78, page 54:

To one side was a small pavilion that would, the backers hoped, eventually house the private art collection of the grand-duc and his wife.

2001, Carter Wiseman, I.M. Pei: A Profile in American Architecture, New York, N.Y.: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., →ISBN, page 312:

The most important introduction Gontaut made for her was to Grand-Duc and Grande-Duchesse Wladimir of Russia, the GDWs to their intimates.

2018, Caroline Weber, Proust’s Duchess: How Three Celebrated Women Captured the Imagination of Fin-de-Siècle Paris, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, published 2019, →ISBN, page 196:


Sassanian

From Sassan (“name of the founder of the dynasty”) + -ian.

suffix

Of or pertaining to the Sassanid Dynasty who ruled Persia during 224-651 C.E..

սասանյան

of or pertaining to the Sassanid Dynasty

Of or pertaining to the empire ruled by that dynasty.

սասանյան

of or pertaining to the empire ruled by that dynasty


vicomtesse

From French vicomtesse. Doublet of viscountess.

A French noblewoman having a rank equivalent to a viscountess


Williamite

Episode 12, The Cyclops
We fought for the royal Stuarts that reneged us against the Williamites and they betrayed us.

(historical) A follower of King William III of England who deposed King James II in the Glorious Revolution.

Clann Bhullaí ('the Williamites')

a follower of King William III of England


divine right of kings

(government) Alternative form of divine right, especially regarding kings as monarchs.


Merovingian

From French mérovingien, from Medieval Latin Merovingi (“the descendants of Merovech”), from Meroveus, Latin form of the Germanic name Frankish *Mārīwīg (*mārī (“famous”) + *wīg (“fight”)). Compare Old English Merewīoingas.

der

One of a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region (known as Francia in Latin) largely corresponding to ancient Gaul from the middle of the 5th century, and whose politics involved frequent civil warfare among branches of the family.


basilean

Ancient Greek βασιλε(ύς) (basile(ús), “king”) + English -an (suffix forming adjectives and derived substantives); compare basileolatry

uder

(obsolete, rare) A royalist; a partisan of a king.


queen regnant

A female monarch who reigns in her own right, in contrast to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king.


overking

/ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌkɪŋ/

From Middle English oferrking, over-king; equivalent to over- + king.

the King of Connaught, who was recognized as overking of the island by the rest of the tribe[…]

1874, John Richard Green, A Short History of the English People:

"They have given me five-and-twenty overkings," protested John, and he at once turned to seek a way of evasion.

1907, Katharine Coman, Elizabeth Kimball Kendall, A History of England, for High Schools and Academies, The Macmillan Company, page 122:

The latter asked the aid of Cond the overking, who took up their cause, and a fierce war arose, in which Cond was beaten and compelled to divide Ireland with his rival.

1908, Henry Smith Williams, Scotland, Ireland, England since 1792, Hooper & Jackson, →ISBN, page 335:

Celtic law, however, explicitly specified that any member of a tribe, including overkings/overqueens of provinces and Druid high priests/priestesses, could be stripped of their legal rights if they failed to execute the legal obligations of their stations.

1996, Jack George Thompson, Women in Celtic Law and Culture, Edwin Mellen Press, →ISBN, page 39:

The difference between a dux bellorum and an overking is not clear, and it may be that the two concepts were elided into a single role.

2000, Don Nardo, Rodney Castleden, King Arthur: The Truth Behind the Legend, Routledge, →ISBN, page 119:

A king who has sovereignty over inferior kings or ruling princes; a ruler of an overkingdom; a king that is truly superior or supreme.


Orangeism

The principles or beliefs of the Loyal Orange Institution, commonly known as the Orange Order.


waldgrave

From German Waldgraf. See wald and margrave.

(historical) The head forestkeeper, or nobleman who held some power in forested areas, in the Holy Roman Empire, now Germany.


Ghaznavid

From Ghazni, q.v., the empire's initial capital. Compare Safavid etc.

... Ghaznavid architecture ...

Of or related to a dynasty of Turkic slave origin that ruled (975–1187) much of Persia, Afghanistan, and northern Pakistan and India.

ghaznovský

of or related to the dynasty or its empire


Ghaznavid

... the House of the Ghaznavids ...


Toryism

en-noun

Toryism (countable and uncountable, plural Toryisms)


Achaemenid

From Ancient Greek Ἀχαιμενίδης (Akhaimenídēs).

der

Relating to the dynasty which ruled the Persian empire c. 550–330 BCE (the Achaemenid Empire), founded by Achaemenes.

աքեմենյան

relating to the dynasty which ruled the Persian empire c. 550–330 BCE


inthronization

en-noun

inthronization (countable and uncountable, plural inthronizations)

/inˌθɹəʊnaɪˈzeɪʃən/

From inthronize + -ation; compare Latin inthronizātiō, whence French intronisation, Galician entronización, Portuguese entronização, Spanish entronización.

The great feast at the inthronization of the reverend father in God, George Neavill Arch-Bishop of Yorke, Chancellour of England […]

1645, The great feast at the inthronization of the reverend father in God, George Neavill Arch-Bishop of Yorke, Chancellour of England, in the sixt yeere of Edward the fourth. Wherein is manifested the great pride and vaine glory of that prelate. The copy of this feast was found inrolled in the Tower of London, and was taken out by Mr. Noy His Majesties late Atorney Generall. Printed according to order, London: Printed for Edward Husbands, →OCLC, title page:

It is from this Policy of hers [the Roman Catholic Church], that all Names of Dignity and Diſtinction among Chriſtians, as Earl, Baron, Duke, Marquis, &c. had originally their Riſe as Hereditary Titles. To the ſame have been owing all the various Ceremonies of Inſtitutions and Inſtalments; and Coronations, as well as Inthronizations.

1732, [Bernard Mandeville], “The Second Dialogue Between Horatio and Cleomenes”, in An Enquiry into the Origin of Honour, and the Usefulness of Christianity in War, London: Printed for John Brotherton, at the Bible in Cornhill, →OCLC, page 93:

The year following the ſaid [William] Warham was tranſlated to Canterbury, at whoſe inthronization ſomething occurred relating to this Univerſity; which though a little out of the road, yet I ſhall adventure to remember it, and it is this. At the firſt courſe on Sunday […] dinner 9 Mar. being the day of the ſaid inthronization, was 'A Warner conveyed upon a rounde boorde, of viii panes, with viii Towres, imbattled and made with flowres, ſtandying on every towre a Bedil […] in his habit, with his ſtaffe[…]'

1792, Anthony à Wood, The History and Antiquities of the University of Oxford: In Two Books, volume I, Oxford: John Gutch, →OCLC, page 661:

Inthronization, in ancient times, immediately succeeded the rite of consecration; the new bishop being honourably placed in his episcopal chair by the prelates assembled for his consecration. […] It was customary for bishops to preach sermons at their inthronization, and [Joseph] Bingham has cited several instances of this practice in the fourth and fifth centuries. Symeon of Thessalonica states, that the rite of inthronization was formerly celebrated with great solemnity by all the comprovincial bishops.

1845, William Palmer, Origines Liturgicae, or, Antiquities of the English Ritual: And a Dissertation on Primitive Liturgies, 4th edition, volume II, London: Francis & John Rivington, →OCLC, page 310:

The Inthronization. The King ascended the Theatre, accompanied by the two Bishops his Supporters, the Great Officers of State, the Lords carrying the Swords, and the Lords who had borne Their Majesties' Regalia, and was Inthroned by the Archbishops, Bishops, and the other Peers, who then stood about the steps of the Throne.

1937 November 10, “Ceremonial of the Coronation of Their Majesties [King George VI and his wife Elizabeth, Westminster Abbey, London, 12 May 1937]”, in The London Gazette (Supplement), number 34453, page 7031 at 7056:

In fact, the possibility is not to be excluded that the inthronization of Jesus as Son of God was declared in the context of a resurrection appearance to Peter.

2000, Georg Strecker, Theology of the New Testament, Berlin & New York, N.Y., Louisville, Ky.: Walter de Gruyter; Westminster John Knox Press, →ISBN, page 358:


fidalgo

From Portuguese fidalgo. Doublet of hidalgo.

The blacks and the bastards were so many and the honorable white fidalgos so few.

2003, Peter Robb, A Death in Brazil, Bloomsbury, published 2005, page 25:


toparch

From the Ancient Greek τοπάρχης (topárkhēs, “ruler of a small district”), from τόπος (tópos, “place”) + -άρχης (-árkhēs, “ruler”). Compare the Latin toparcha and French toparque.

suffix

[B]y those many kings mentioned in the Old Testament, "thirty and one" in the little land of Canaan, (Joshua xii. 24,) is meant only toparchs, not great kings, but lords of a little dition and dominion; […]

1640, T[homas] F[uller], “A Comment on 1 Cor. XI. 18, &c.”, in Ioseph’s Partie-colored Coat: Containing, a Comment on Part of the 11. Chapter of the 1. Epistle of S. Paul to the Corinthians: […], London: […] Iohn Dawson, for Iohn Williams, […], →OCLC; republished as William Nichols, editor, Joseph’s Party-coloured Coat: […], London: William Tegg, 1867, →OCLC, page 16:

Toparks, Kings of Cities or narrow territories, such as were the Kings of Sodome and Gomorrah, the Kings of Jericho and Ai.

1646, Thomas Browne, chapter VIII, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], London: […] T[homas] H[arper] for Edward Dod, […], →OCLC, 7th book, page 353:

About the same time […] flourished Cadocus, abbot of Llancarvan in Glamorganshire, son of the prince and toparch of that country.

1655, Thomas Fuller, “6ª Century”, in The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI), pages 116–117:

The toparchs of India and Ethiopia.

1737, Flavius Josephus, translated by William Whiston, Antiquities of the Jews, book XI, chapter iii, § 2:

The top-arch, Turlogh O’Connor, was the friend of O’Rourke.

1852, Charlotte Mary Yonge, chapter XXII, in Cameos from English History, volume I, published 1877, page 162:

The prince or ruler of a small district, city, or petty state; a petty "king".

toparcha

ruler of a small district or petty state


sultaness

From Middle English soudanesse. By surface analysis, sultan + -ess.


Son of Heaven

Calque of Literary Chinese 天子, from the Emperor having the Mandate of Heaven.


Carlism

From Carlos (“Infante Carlos, Count of Molina”) + -ism.

A political movement in Spain that seeks the establishment of a separate line of the Bourbon family on the Spanish throne.


Carlist

en-adj

Carlist (comparative more Carlist, superlative most Carlist)

more Carlist (comparative)
most Carlist (superlative)


constitutional monarchist

en-noun

constitutional monarchist (plural constitutional monarchists)

Many moderate constitutional monarchists still urged a waiting game, with the electoral tide flowing so strongly in their favour.

2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, page 515:

A supporter of a constitutional monarchy.


Prince of Wales

Prince of Wales (plural Princes of Wales)

Reassured and pleased with the railway, the Queen returned from Paddington to Slough on June 23, bringing with her the infant Prince of Wales, afterwards King Edward VII.

1953 June, “Royal Railway Journeys”, in Railway Magazine, page 364:

Furthermore, two of the Princesses of Wales — Lady Anne Neville and Katharine of Aragon — became Queen through later marriages and were not consorts of Princes of Wales at the time of their coronations.

1983, Mary Beacock Fryer, Arthur Bousfield, Garry Toffoli, “Introduction”, in Lives of the Princesses of Wales, Toronto, Ont.: Dundurn Press, →ISBN, page 6, column 1:

A royal title given to the male heir apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom.


high king

From Middle English *heah-kyng, from Old English hēahcyning (“high-king; God”), equivalent to high + king.

inh

[…] is eighth in descent from Aedh Slaine, Highking of Ireland, in the Southern Uí Néill pedigrees.

1950, The Journal of Celtic studies - Volume 1 - Page 80

Idris, the first High King, had silvery eyes in a face lined with years of bright laughter and unspeakable sorrow.

2012, Holly Taylor, Dreamer's Cycle Series:

This time it was Roderic O'Connor, the high-king of all Ireland, with sixty thousand men levied from all the clans of the island. They encamped around Dublin in four separate bodies – the high-king and his men of Connaught at Castle Knock; [...]

2012, Charles Oman, A History of the Art of War:

[…] And health to thee, O high-king, after I am gone, and to all the nobles of the Greeks.

2012, Togail na Tebe: The Thebaid of Statius - Page 281

A chief king or ruler; a great, superior, or supreme king; a king of kings.


prince consort

A calque translation of French prince consort.

Coordinate term: princess consort

Near-synonym: king consort (if recognized as a king)

Both the G.W.R. and the L.S.W.R. had to pay dearly for the privilege of entering the Royal Borough, for the Prince Consort drove a hard bargain with each.

1949 September and October, “Notes and News: The Windsor Centenary”, in Railway Magazine, page 340:

The husband of a queen regnant who is not a king in his own right, or is accorded this title in a monarchy in which only male monarchs may bear the title "king."


royal assent

The Transport Act, 1962, received Royal Assent on August 1.

1962 October, “Talking of Trains: The Transport Act, 1962”, in Modern Railways, page 219:

(government) The method by which a constitutional monarch (or a viceroy in a colony or dominion) formally approves and promulgates an act of his or her nation's parliament, thus making it a law.

御準 /御准

method by which a constitutional monarch approves a law


chetnik

From Serbo-Croatian četnik, from četa (“band, group”) + -nik.

The Visegrad gathering, which saw uniform-wearing participants singing songs that included lines such as "there will be hell, the Drina will be bloody, here come the Chetniks from the Serb mountains’, provoked wariness and fear among Bosniak residents who survived some of the worst atrocities committed by Chetniks.

2019 March 11, Mersiha Gadzo, “Serb Chetnik gathering in Bosnia’s Visegrad raises alarm”, in Al Jazeera:

An adherent of an nationalist revival of the historical Chetnik movement.


azat

Transliteration of Old Armenian ազատ (azat).

translit

Late Middle Ages
Late Middle Ages#English

A member of the middle and lower Armenian nobility, in contrast to the naxarars who were the great lords; from the Late Middle Ages, member of the entire body of the Armenian nobility.

ազատ

member of middle and lower Armenian nobility; member of the entire body of the Armenian nobility


Hohenzollern

/ˌhəʊənˈzɒlən/

(historical) a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings, and emperors of Brandenburg, Prussia, Germany, and Romania.


shahanshah

Borrowed from Classical Persian شَاهَنْشَاه (šāhanšāh), from Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠𐭭 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (mlkʾn mlkʾ /šāhān šāh/, “king of kings”), which see for more.

der

(historical) King of kings; a title given to the rulers of ancient Persia and sometimes of Armenia.

𒈗𒊭𒈗𒈨𒌍

title of the rulers of ancient Persia: “king of kings” — see also king of kings


queen dowager

en-noun

queen dowager (plural queen dowagers or queens dowager or queens dowagers)

queen dowagers (plural)
queens dowager (plural)
queens dowagers (plural)

The new Royal Saloon rode roughly at first. It was originally a four-wheel carriage, and as such it was used by Adelaide, the Queen Dowager, but before the Queen [Queen Victoria] travelled in it the body was mounted on an eight-wheel frame.

1953 June, “Royal Railway Journeys”, in Railway Magazine, page 363:


Arsacid

Arsacid (plural Arsacids or Arsacidae or Arsacides)

Arsacids (plural)
Arsacidae (plural)
Arsacides (plural)

From Latin Arsacides, from Arsacēs (“Arsaces I of Parthia”), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎣 (a-r-š-k /aršaka-/); see the Old Persian entry for more.

(historical) member of the Arsacid Dynasty


royal touch

The touching of a diseased person by the hand of a king, with the supposed purpose of restoring health. It was extensively practiced in England and France, particularly for scrofula.


Afsharid

Relating to the Afsharid dynasty, an Iranian dynasty of Turkic origin, specifically from the Afshar tribe of Khorasan, which ruled Persia in the 18th century.


Přemyslid

From Czech Přemysl (the name of the family's legendary founder) + -id.

affix

(historical) A member of a medieval dynasty that reigned mainly in Bohemia and Moravia.


chakravartin

Borrowed from Sanskrit चक्रवर्तिन् (cakravartin).

(India, religion) An ideal universal ruler, who rules ethically and benevolently over the entire world.


ethelborn

/ˈɛθ(ə)lˌbɔɹn/

From Old English æþelboren (“noble, high-born”), from æþele (“noble”) + boren (“born”).


sepuh

Transliteration of Old Armenian սեպուհ (sepuh).

translit

(historical) A title of secular nobility in medieval feudal Armenia, usually borne by the sons of nakharars.


Fontainebleau

census-designated place
census-designated place

Miami-Dade County
Miami-Dade County#English

A census-designated place in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States.


subking

After this, Kapole was told to take the message to two senior subkings, namely Kapemba and Chiti.

2015, Yizenge Chondoka, A History of the Tumbuka from 1400 to 1900:

A monarch of a polity that is in turn part of another kingdom.


Arshakuni

en-noun

Arshakuni (plural Arshakuni or Arshakunis)


Trianon

/ˈtɹiːəˌnɒn/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Trianon.wav

From French Trianon, the name of a hamlet that formerly occupied the site on which the Grand Trianon would be built.

Either of the Grand Trianon and Petit Trianon, two royal palaces constructed in Versailles, France, in the 17th and 18th centuries.

(metonymically, historical) The Treaty of Trianon, a peace treaty signed in the Grand Trianon on 4 June 1920, which formally ended World War I between most of the Allies and the Kingdom of Hungary, leaving Hungary as a landlocked state with less than one-third of its prewar area.


empress dowager

empress dowager (plural empress dowagers or empresses dowager or empresses dowagers)

empress dowagers (plural)
empresses dowager (plural)
empresses dowagers (plural)

The mother or widow of an emperor, especially in a Chinese, Japanese, Korean or Vietnamese empire.


Sandringham

The town in Newfoundland is named after Sandringham House to commemorate Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee.

King's Lynn and West Norfolk
King's Lynn and West Norfolk#English

A village and civil parish in King's Lynn and West Norfolk district, Norfolk, England (OS grid ref TF6928).


aspet

Transliteration of Old Armenian ասպետ (aspet).

translit

Armenian hereditary title borne by the members of the Bagratuni (Bagratid) family.


monarcho-fascism

Yet the leadership of the Greek Communist Party adopted the standpoint that the people was to be disarmed and its weapons handed to the monarcho-fascist reactionaries, making the excuse that monarcho-fascism would not be for a peaceful democratic development, and hence the people's liberation movement would be compelled to settle the question of power the revolutionary way.

1992, Haris Vlavianos, Greece, 1941–49: From Resistance to Civil War, →ISBN:

In the village, I saw the full consequences of monarcho-fascism upon proud, decent people who fought for freedom and national independence.

2013, George Kassimeris, Inside Greek Terrorism, →ISBN:

Finally, he cites a set of corporatist regimes, such as King Carol's monarcho-fascism in Romania from 1938, followed by General Antonescu's military fascism from 1940-44, as well as the French Vichy regime.

2014, Antonio Costa Pinto, Roger Eatwell, Stein Ugelvik Larsen, Charisma and Fascism, →ISBN:

(politics, usually derogatory) A political system in which a monarch wields fascistic control over opposition, criticism, and the economy, a fascist system of government led by a king or queen.


Romanoff

Transliteration of Russian Рома́нов (Románov). From Рома́н (Román), from Romance Roman, from Latin Roma (“Rome”), possibly from a name for river (referring to the Tiber).

transliteration

An aristocratic house that formed a ruling dynasty of Russia


Loyalist

Patriot

antonym(s) of “person during the American Revolution”

republican

antonym(s) of “supporter of Irish unification”

(US, Canada, historical) A person from the 13 Colonies (of British North America from the eastern seaboard of mainland North America) who was in favor of remaining in the British Empire during the American Revolution.


hetmanate

From hetman + -ate (forms denoting rank or office, the concrete charge of it).

af

Government by a hetman, or the territory thereby governed.


navaratna

en-noun

navaratna (countable and uncountable, plural navaratnas)

Borrowed from Sanskrit नवरत्न (navaratna) meaning "nine gems".

Other items in the collection include a navaratna (nine gem) pendant or a celestial talisman from Rajasthan. The nine gems when arranged in a certain order are meant to represent the nine planets. Navaratna is popular throughout India, in the form of pendants, rings and other suites.

1998, Tom Flynn, Colonisation and the Object-Empire, Material culture and the Museum:

(India) ruby, emerald, pearl, yellow sapphire, coral, cat's eye, hessonite, blue sapphire and diamond


ruby jubilee

(uncommon) The ruby anniversary of a coronation, the 40th anniversary of a monarch's rule.


golden jubilee

Many Days of Feasting and Jollity were spent in the Celebration of this golden Jubilee.

1752, W. Goodall, Adventures of Capain Greenland, volume II, page 53:

The golden anniversary of a coronation, the 50th anniversary of a monarch's rule.


diamond jubilee

diamond jubilee (plural diamond jubilees)

The diamond anniversary of a coronation, originally the 75th anniversary of a monarch's rule but now often the 60th instead.

diamantjubileum

60th or 75th anniversary of a coronation — see also diamond anniversary


Hampton Court

Richmond upon Thames
Richmond upon Thames#English

A former royal palace, now a tourist attraction, in the borough of Richmond upon Thames, Greater London (OS grid ref TQ1568).


Xia

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 夏 (Xià).


Shang

Wilma Fairbank strongly supports the piece mold theory but points out that the mastery of bronze technology by the Shang people was an outgrowth of their earlier mastery of ceramic technology.

1969, Rutherford John Gettens, The Freer Chinese Bronzes, volume II, Washington, D.C.: Meriden Gravure Company, →OCLC, page 28:

In the Shang and Chou periods our knowledge from archaeology of ordinary dwellings is thus far poor, but something can be said of the more pretentious edifices.

1971, William Watson, Cultural Frontiers in Ancient East Asia, Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, page 81:

Hsing-t'ai, Han-tan, and Shih-chia-chuang are thus among the numerous Shang sites marked by heavy upper Erh-li-kang cultural manifestations.

2011, Ralph D. Sawyer, Ancient Chinese Warfare, Basic Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 135:

(historical) an ancient dynasty in China


Yin

(historical) an alternative name for the Shang dynasty


Grimaldi

Borrowed from Italian Grimaldi, patronymic form of Grimaldo.


Visconti

An Italian noble family, which became the ruling (hereditary) dynasty of Milan


Orléanist

Named from the Orléans branch of the House of Bourbon (descended from the youngest son of Louis XIII), who were its leaders, + -ism.

(historical) A member of a French right-wing (except for 1814–1830) faction that arose out of the French Revolution, as opposed to the legitimists.


Comnenus

Borrowed from Latin Comnenus, from Byzantine Greek Κομνηνός (Komnēnós).

(historical) member of a noble family who ruled the Byzantine Empire from 1081 to 1185


Zangi

Quoting Clifford Edmund Bosworth, "the origin of the name Zangī is unclear; an obvious meaning would be 'black African' [from Persian زنگی (zangi)], possibly relating to a swarthy complexion, but this would be unusual for a Turk". Another theory considers the meaning "protector of cattle", compare 19th century Kirg. Zeñ-baba "protector spirit of cows".

ʿImād ad-Dīn Zangī (d. 541/1146), Turkmen founder of the Zangid dynasty which ruled northern Iraq and Syria between the 12th and 13th centuries.


Zangi

en-adj

Zangi (comparative more Zangi, superlative most Zangi)

more Zangi (comparative)
most Zangi (superlative)


Ayyubid

From Egyptian Arabic الأيوبيون, from Ayyub (“the name of Saladin's father”) + -id (see أيوب).

suffix

(historical) Of or pertaining to the Ayyubid dynasty: a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin founded by Saladin and centred in Egypt.


Artuqid

From Artuq (“the name of the dynasty's founder”) + -id.

affix

Of or pertaining to the Artuqid dynasty: a Turkmen dynasty that ruled in Western Armenia, Northern Syria and Northern Iraq in the eleventh and twelfth centuries.


Danishmend

Of or pertaining to the Danishmend dynasty: a Turkish dynasty that ruled in north-central and eastern Anatolia in the 11th and 12th centuries.

Դանիշմենդյան

of or pertaining to the Danishmend Dynasty


Lusignan

member of a royal house of French origin, which at various times ruled several principalities in Europe and the Levant, including the kingdoms of Jerusalem, Cyprus, and Armenia, from the 12th through the 15th centuries during the Middle Ages


Rubenid

From Ruben (“the name of the founder”) + -id.

Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

Of or pertaining to the Rubenids: an Armenian dynasty who dominated parts of Cilicia, and who established the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.


Hethumid

From Hethum (“the name of the founder”) + -id, from Armenian Հեթում (Hetʻum).

suffix

Of or pertaining to the Hethumids: an Armenian dynasty who ruled the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia as princes and kings.


sarvabhauma

From Sanskrit सार्वभौम (sārvabhauma), from सर्वभूमि (sarvabhūmi, literally “the whole world”).


Groom of the Stool

en-proper noun

Groom of the Stool (plural Grooms of the Stool)

/ˈɡɹuːm əv ðə ˈstuːl/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Groom of the Stool.wav

From groom (“officer of the English royal household”) + of + the + (close-)stool (“a chamber pot enclosed in a stool or box”).

The leſſer Corporations were [...] his Majeſties gratuities to the Lord of, &c. Marqueſs, &c. Q[ueen] Mother, Lady Nurſe, Groom of the ſtool, that is, the Cloſe ſtool, whether King or Queen (high and advantageous honours) and this diſcended to outlandiſh, as in Land commodities; yea, to pins and brooms; and it was ſaid, to Rags for paper, and Marrow-bones for Kitchin-ſtuff, or greaſe; [...]

1651, Charl[e]s George Cock, English-Law; or, a Summary Survey of the Household of God on Earth; […], London: Printed by Robert White for T. G. and Francis Tyton, […], →OCLC, page 52:

The King hath thirteen Gentlemen of the Bed-Chamber, who conſiſt uſually of the Prime Nobility of England, whereof the firſt is call'd Groom of the Stool [...] The meaning is a Groom or Servant of the Robe or Veſtment. He hath the Office and Honour to put on his Majeſties Shirt every morning, and to order the things of the Bed-Chamber[.]

1675, Paul Festeau, “Dialogues”, in Nouvelle Grammaire Angloise, Enrichie de Dialogues Curieux Touchant l’Estat & la Cour d’Angleterre. […] [New English Grammar, Enriched with Curious Dialogues Touching the State & the Court of England. […]], 2nd corrected and augmented edition, London: Chez George Wells, […], →OCLC, pages 193–194:

[T]he Statute enjoyns the Clergy-man to be reſident in and upon his Living, that is, his Parſonage or Vicarage-Houſe, if he have any, and not at any other Houſe in the Pariſh; [...] But the Chaplains of the Chancellor of the Dutchy, Augmentations, Firſt-fruits, Maſter of the Wards, Surveyor General, Treaſurer of the Chamber and Augmentations, and Groom of the Stool, are to be Reſident twice in a year at leaſt, Eight days at each time: [...]

1695, Simon Degge, chapter VII, in The Parson’s Counsellor, with the Law of Tythes or Tything: In Two Books. […], 5th corrected and enlarged edition, London: Printed by the assigns of Richard and Edward Atkyns, Esquires, for Richard Sare […], and Jos[eph] Hindmarsh […], →OCLC, pages 80–81:

MONTMORENCY (Anne de) firſt baron, peer, mareſchal, high-ſteward, conſtable of France; knight of St. Michael, and of the garter, groom of the ſtool, and governor of Languedoc, &c. was ſecond ſon to William lord of Montmorency.

1743, “MONTMORENCY (Anne de)”, in Historical, Genealogical, and Classical Dictionary. […] In Two Volumes, volume II, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, column 2:

The Queen then rises and goes to the faldstool, at which she is to be anointed and crowned, placed between King Edward's chair and the steps of the altar, where the Groom of the Stool to her Majesty (with the two Ladies of her Bedchamber) take off her rich circlet or coronet; when the Queen kneels down, and the Archbishop pours the holy oil on the crown of her head, in the form of a cross, using these words, "In the name of the Father, the Son, and Holy Ghost, let the anointing of this oil increase thine honour," &c.

1831 September 1, “A Particular and Historical Account of the Ceremonies usually Observed at the Coronation of the Kings and Queens of Great Britain”, in The World of Fashion, and Continental Feuilletons. […], volume VIII, number 89, London: Printed by Mr. Bell, […], →OCLC, page 211, column 1:

It is the king's pleasure that Mr Norris shall be in the room of Sir William Compton, not only giving his attendance as groom of the stool but also in his bedchamber and other privy places as shall stand with his pleasure. And the king's express command is that none other of the said six gentlemen [of the privy chamber] presume to enter or follow his Grace into the said bedchamber, or any other secret place, unless he shall be called and admitted thereunto by his said grace.

1995, Eric Ives, “Henry VIII: The Political Perspective”, in Diarmaid MacCulloch, editor, The Reign of Henry VIII: Politics, Policy and Piety (Problems in Focus), Basingstoke, Hampshire, London: Macmillan Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 20:

As David Starkey has delineated in great detail, one of Henry [VIII]'s major administrative achievements was the centralization of court administration in a collection of younger gentry in bodily service to the King. Grooms of the Chamber, Grooms of the Stool, Esquires of the Body – these were the titles granted men who ministered to Henry's private functions, and as Starkey argues, it is this new sense of intimacy that recalibrates the English body politic into a politics of the King's body.

1997, Seth Lerer, “Pretexts: Chaucer’s Pandarus and the Origins of Courtly Discourse”, in Courtly Letters in the Age of Henry VIII: Literary Culture and the Arts of Deceit, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 22:

The title of Groom of the Stool derived from that gentleman's privilege of attending his sovereign whenever he used the close stool; his duties were to provide him with a flannel "to wipe his nether end" and to summon a Yeoman of the Chamber to empty and clean the pot. Sir Thomas Heneage, Groom of the Stool from 1536 to 1546, was witness to the King's chronic constipation and his efforts to relieve it, [...]

2001, Alison Weir, Henry VIII: The King and His Court, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Ballantine Books, →ISBN; republished New York, N.Y.: Ballantine Books, 2008, →ISBN, page 81:

As cloacal factotum, the Groom of the Stool presides over the offices of royal excretion; he maintains the royal close-stool and examines its products for signs of health or distemperature; he serves, in this sense, both as a royal confidant and an intermediary between the royal self in its private and public capacities. The Groom's office, in short, involves an "exquisite combination of intimacy, degradation, and privilege" (Paster 1993: 32); [...]

2003, Bruce Boehrer, “The Privy and Its Double: Scatology and Satire in Shakespeare’s Theatre”, in Richard Dutton, Jean E. Howard, editors, A Companion to Shakespeare’s Works, volume IV (The Poems, Problem Comedies, Late Plays), Malden, Mass., Oxford, Oxfordshire: Blackwell Publishing, →ISBN, page 78:

The exaltation of a monarch was such that few were fit to dine with one. Meanwhile, as many as eight "grooms of the stool" waited on kings when at privy. A king sat alone at the table and in company at the "throne."

2014, Leonard Sweet, “Setting the Table at Home”, in From Tablet to Table: Where Community is Found and Identity is Formed, Colorado Springs, Colo.: NavPress in alliance with Tyndale House Publishers, →ISBN, part II (Life’s Three Tables), page 81:

(British, monarchy, historical) Originally an official responsible for helping the English monarch use the toilet; later a senior official who was allowed access to the monarch's privy chamber and served as a personal secretary.


era name

Cities were not infrequently named after the era name in which they were founded (e.g., Shaoxing 紹興 in Zhejiang, after the Shaoxing era, 1131-62).

2000, Endymion Wilkinson, “Geography”, in Chinese History: A New Manual, Rev. & enl. edition, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 135:

The regnal year, reign period, or regnal title used when traditionally numbering years in an emperor's reign and naming certain Sinospheric rulers.


king of kings

Attested in Middle English as king of kinges. An ancient formula which seems to have originated in a Semitic language of the Ancient Near East; see Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠𐭭 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (šāhān-šāh, “king of kings”) for more.

noncog

These shall make war with the Lamb, and the Lamb shall overcome them: for he is Lord of lords, and King of kings: and they that are with him are called, and chosen, and faithful.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 17:14:

The title of an individual king who has other kings as subjects; in particular:


Hofburg

A week later, via the prescribed channels, he requested an audience with His Majesty, and one morning, three weeks after that, he found himself face to face with His Supreme Commander-in-Chief in the Hofburg.

2002, Josepth Roth, translated by Michael Hofmann, The Radetsky March, Folio Society, published 2015, page 14:

In the 1780s however these were just a couple of strands in the mayhem of Josephine reform, with decrees streaming out of the Hofburg […] at an astounding rate.

2013, Simon Winder, Danubia, Picador, published 2014, page 266:

(chiefly historical) The principal residence of the Habsburg dynastic rulers (and, later, of the president of Austria), located in Vienna; (metonymically), the Habsburg regime.


God-Save-the-Kinger

The Bill does not deal with Germans only, it deals with all aliens, including those whom our friends opposite – the flag-waggers, the band players, the God-save-the-Kingers — spoke of as “our brother Allies.”

1920, Australia. Parliament, Parliamentary Debates: Senate and House of Representatives:

Protestants, generally speaking, were God-save-the-Kingers and went to Mass in the afternoon or the night instead of in the morning.

1972, James Plunkett, The Gems She Wore: A Book of Irish Places, page 35:

But the situation is not without its humorous side; it is delightful to listen to the former red-white-and-blue people -- the bigoted Unionists-- the erstwhile 'God Save the Kingers', expressing their views on the present régime.

1979, Dervla Murphy, Wheels Within Wheels, page 29:

(derogatory) An outspoken supporter of the British Government when the monarch is a king.


douzeper

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-douzeper.wav

From Middle English dosse per, dousse-per (“one of Charlemagne’s twelve peers or paladins; one of the twelve great peers of France at later times; a famous knight or noble”) [and other forms], treated as a singular form of dosse pers, dousse pers [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman, Middle French douse pers, douze pers [and other forms], and Old French douze pers, doze pers, duze pers (“Charlemagne’s twelve peers; twelve great peers of France at later times”) [and other forms] (also in the singular forms doze per, duze per, and in Anglo-Norman and Middle French written with a Roman numeral as XII pers), from doze, douze (“twelve”) (modern French douze) + pers (plural of per (“peer”); modern French pair). Doze is derived from Latin duodecim (“twelve”), from duo (“two”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”)) + decem (“ten”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥ (“ten”)); per is derived from Latin pār (“equal; like”).

ref

From Marion Florence Lansing (1910) “The Battle of Ronceval”, in Page, Esquire, and Knight: A Book of Chivalry (The Open Road Library of Juvenile Literature), Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Ginn and Company, →OCLC, section I (Of the Council of Charlemagne), page 104.

nb...

(Late Middle English) doseper, (Middle English) dose-per, dosi-per, dosse-per, dous-per, doþþeper, doze-per, dozepiere, dozze-per, duche-per, duge-per, duse-per, dus-per, dusse per, duze-per, duzsi-per, duzze-per, (Early Middle English) duzeper

dosiperes, dosipers, dosiperus, dosseperes, dosseperez, dosze-peres, dosȝe perys, douseperes, dousepers, douspiers, douspyers, dousse pers, doussepyers, doussypers, dousȝepeeris, douȝ piers, dozepeers, dozepers, doȝze pers, doþþeperen, doþþe peres, doþþepers, ducheperes, duchepers, dugeperes, dugepers, duȝperis, duseperis, dusperes, duspers, dusseperes, dussepers, dusse-pers, dussiperes, dusze pers, duzepers, duze pers, duzsipiers, duzze peers, duzze peres

And whan the realme of Frãce was fallen to him [Charles IV of France], he was crowned by the assent of the twelve dowspiers of Fraunce; and thã, bicause they wold nat that the realme of Frãce shulde be long without an heyre male, they aduysed by their counsell, that the kyng shulde be remaryed agayne, and so he was to the doughter of the Emperour Henry of Lucenbourg, […]

1523, John Froissart, “Howe Phylypp of Ualois was Crowned Kyng of Fraunce”, in John Bourchier, Lord Berners [i.e., John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners], transl., Sir John Froissart’s Chronicles of England, France, Spain, Portugal, Scotland, Brittany, Flanders, and the Adjoining Countries; […], volume I, London: […] [J. McCreery] for F. C. and J. Rivington; […], published 1812, →OCLC, page 30:

The Frenche kyng that ſucceded his father at the kalendes of Aprill, the .xxv. day of July, cometh to Rains to be crowned. […] After reſorte to the churche thoſe that are called the Douzeperes of Fraunce, which are twelue in nomber. The Byſhop of Rains, Landune, Langres, Beauuois, Noion and Challon, Than the kyng of Nauarre, the Dukes of Uandome, Guiſe, Niuerne, Mompenſer, and Inmalle. Theſe repreſented the Dukes of Burgundie, Normandie and Guienne, moreouer the Erles of Tolouſe, Flaunders and Champaine. Of the Byſhoppes were choſen two, Langres and Beauuois, alſo two Cardinalles, to go fetche the kyng to the church, […]

1560, [Johannes Sleidanus], “The Nyntenth Booke of Sleidanes Commentaryes, Concerning the State of Religion, and the Common Weale, during the Reigne of the Empyre of Charles the Fyfte”, in Ihon Daus [i.e., John Daus], transl., A Famovse Cronicle of Oure Time, Called Sleidanes Commentaries, Concerning the State of Religion and Common Wealth, during the Raigne of the Emperour Charles the Fift, […], London: […] Ihon Daye, for Abraham Veale, and Nicholas England. […], →OCLC, folio ccxcij, verso:

(by extension, historical) One of the twelve nobles granted feudal territories or episcopal sees by the King of France in return for their fealty (namely the Archbishop-Duke of Rheims; the Bishop-Dukes of Laon and Langres; the Bishop-Counts of Beauvais, Chalons, and Noyon, the Dukes of Normandy, Burgundy, and Aquitaine; and the Counts of Toulouse, Flanders and Champagne).

doze per

one of the twelve nobles granted feudal territories or episcopal sees by the King of France in return for their fealty


knyaz

(historical) Alternative form of knez (“duke or prince in medieval Slavic countries”)


Christiansborg Palace

a palace and government building on the islet of Slotsholmen in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It is the seat of the Danish Parliament (Folketinget), the Danish Prime Minister's Office, and the Supreme Court of Denmark.


Princess of Wales

en-noun

Princess of Wales (plural Princesses of Wales)

Furthermore, two of the Princesses of Wales — Lady Anne Neville and Katharine of Aragon — became Queen through later marriages and were not consorts of Princes of Wales at the time of their coronations.

1983, Mary Beacock Fryer, Arthur Bousfield, Garry Toffoli, “Introduction”, in Lives of the Princesses of Wales, Toronto, Ont.: Dundurn Press, →ISBN, page 6, column 1:

A royal title given to the wife of the Prince of Wales.


omrah

The torch-eyed ſavage, with growl tremendous, riſing up, diſlocated at one blow the arched neck of Sadit's Arabian ſteed, and brought the unfortunate omrah to the duſt, expiring between his extended claws.

1769, Firishta, translated by Alexander Dow, Tales translated from the Persian of Inatulla of Delhi, volume I, Dublin: P. and W. Wilson et al., page 7:

Whenever the King takes an excursion in his Paleky, on an elephant, or in a Tact-Ravan (or travelling throne, carried upon the shoulders of eight men, who are cleverly relieved from time to time when on the march by eight others), all the Omrahs who are not prevented by illness, disabled by age, or exempted by a peculiar office, are bound to accompany him on horseback...

1891, François Bernier, translated by Archibald Constable et al., Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 1656-1668, page 214:

(historical) A noble of the Mughal Empire or other Muslim Indian state.


herzog

From German Herzog. Doublet of heretog and heretoga.

Germany had its herzogs and landgrafs, each of whom had his territories, where he ruled, “monarch of all he surveyed.”

1847, Washington M’Cartney, The Origin and Progress of the United States, Philadelphia, Pa.: E. H. Butler & Co., pages 58–59:

He was a herzog, going to meet the Queen of England; stopped for the slightest possible refreshment—a glass of Rhenish and a biscuit—and going on at once.

1848, the author of “Paddiana,” etc., “Difficulties in a Tour to Wiesbaden”, in Bentley’s Miscellany, volume XXIII, London: Richard Bentley, […], page 188:

You may luxuriate through the smoke on apparitions of dainty German damsels; or, if you are of a chivalrous temperament, on brightly-tinted herzogs and burgraves, performing noble feats of arms; or, if your taste leads you further back to the antique, the gods of peace are not wanting to consecrate the pipe of peace.

1851, The Illustrated Exhibitor, a Tribute to the World’s Industrial Jubilee; Comprising Sketches, by Pen and Pencil, of the Principal Objects in the Great Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations, London: […] John Cassell, […], page 307:

Feudal nobles divided Europe into numerous principalities: Spain had some twenty or more little princedoms; Germany no small number of herzogs and landgraves; Portugal her nobility; England, though more consolidated than any other state yet mentioned, yet had many Earls, Dukes and Counts, who bore an almost kingly rule over their narrow possessions.

1852, R. M., “God in the History of Our Country”, in The Presbyterian Casket, page 40:

It therefore follows that only those families of the high nobility abroad, viz., the herzogs and a few landgraves in Germany, and in France the dukes and two or three of the feudatory comtes, can claim our peerage (dukes to barons) as equals, while the marquesses in France and the margraves and grafs of the Empire in Germany—if the latter are the titular chiefs of their families—are equal to our rank of baronet, the next rank (but without parliamentary seat) in England below the peerage; […]

1901, The Genealogical Magazine, page 19:

The herzogs and the bishops hampered political independence, and the attempts of some German Carolingians to restore the empire fell through.

1968, Simon Dubnov, translated by Moshe Spiegel, History of the Jews: From the Roman Empire to the Early Medieval Period, volume 2, South Brunswick, N.J., New York, N.Y., London: Thomas Yoseloff, A. S. Barnes and Co., Inc., →LCCN, page 562:


archking

The archking which we have to fight is ignorance, and until knowledge and conviction areonce gained, the work of all of us will meet with strenuous opposition.

1900, Ohio Sanitary Bulletin, Volume 4, Office of the State Board of Health, page 74:

This Celtic Heptarchy was under the government of seven subordinate and petty chiefs, who were subject in turn to the jurisdiction of an archking called the Righ Riada or Reta.

1907, John O'Hanlon, Edward O'Leary, History of the Queen's County, Sealy, Bryers & Walker, page 75:

There I bribed the ostler to shut his gaping mouth and fetch my favorite roan mare, Merillwyn, not a native pony, but a true Roman draft horse, big enough for war and trained by Uncle Leary 's own captain of horses, before the archking gave her to me.

1994, Dafydd Ab Hugh, Arthur War Lord, Avon Books, →ISBN, page 114:


God Emperor

God + Emperor. Its use in reference to the Emperor of Japan is a calque of Japanese 天皇 (tennō, literally “heavenly sovereign/emperor”), referring to the emperor's descent from the sun goddess Amaterasu.
In reference to Donald Trump, from Trump-supporting Internet users humorously depicting him as the God-Emperor of Mankind, a character from the British science fiction tabletop game Warhammer 40,000.

cal

The meme was from Trump's cameo at WrestleMania 23 a decade prior, and in it he tackled WWE owner Vince McMahon before pummeling him on ... Several of his fellow users were congratulating him for getting “the God Emperor's” attention.

2017, Jared Yates Sexton, The People Are Going to Rise Like the Waters Upon Your Shore: A Story of American Rage, Catapult, →ISBN:

Just days after his election, Trump reaffirmed his campaign commitments to shut down Muslim immigration by signing an ... and with the election over and the man the AltRight called “the god emperor” on his way to the White House, ...

2017, George Hawley, Making Sense of the Alt-Right, Columbia University Press, →ISBN:

To the 4chan boys Trump was a hero, the social failure in chief, a clown prince. They called him the God Emperor, a swaggering fat Daddy, who, as one commentator put it, would put a car in every white man's drive and an Aryan woman in ...

2018, Javaad Alipoor, The Believers are But Brothers, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN:

“Trump is willing to say what most Americans think: It's time to deport these people,” Anglin declared, ... and avid campaign volunteers, referring to Trump with extravagant nicknames such as “Our Great God Emperor,” “the Nimble ...

2018, Arnold Dashefsky, Ira M. Sheskin, American Jewish Year Book 2017: The Annual Record of the North American Jewish Communities, Springer, →ISBN, page 136:

Pepe had already been frequently portrayed as a Trump supporter on social media sites. ... a quick browse through the rabid Trump sub-Reddit the_donald will notice many of its members exalting the politician with the title “God Emperor."

2019, Grant Kien, Communicating with Memes: Consequences in Post-truth Civilization, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 190:

... Donald J. Trump'.46 This 380,000-strong group refers to Donald Trump as 'daddy' and 'the God Emperor',and gains its identity by standing against liberalism, feminism, intellectualism, and much more besides ...

2019, Fay Bound Alberti, A Biography of Loneliness: The History of an Emotion, Oxford University Press, USA, →ISBN, page 130:

Trump won. They'd made these Photoshopped pictures of Trump flying around on his victory horse, through the gates of heaven, with a crown on his head and his golden sword. They call him the God Emperor.” “That sounds awful.” “I know.

2019, Blake Nelson, The Red Pill: A Novel, Bombardier Books, →ISBN:

Our Glorious Leader has ascended to God Emperor.”1 Ten days after Trump's election, the National Policy Institute, the generically named but emphatically white-nationalist think tank led by professional racist Richard Spencer, ...

2020, Talia Lavin, Culture Warlords: My Journey Into the Dark Web of White Supremacy, Legacy Lit, →ISBN:

(Internet slang, US politics, humorous) Donald Trump, American politician, 45th president and 47th president of the United States.


Orbelian

(historical) a member of the Armenian Orbelian noble family, the lords of the province of Syunik.


vicecomes

From Latin vicecomes. Doublet of vicomte and viscount.


Ramessid

From Ramesses + -id, probably under influence from German Ramessiden.


parliamentary monarchy

en-noun

parliamentary monarchy (countable and uncountable, plural parliamentary monarchies)

A monarchy in which the ruler has no power and is purely a ceremonial figurehead, with all real power being vested in the legislature.


grande-duchesse

Coordinate term: grand-duc

The Grand-duc and Grande-duchesse Cyril, with their children, are expected at the Elysée Palace, Cannes, for the winter.

1921, Town & Country, volumes 77–78, page 54:

Giving way to the passion of the moment, the Emperor “offers implicitly to the Czar to deliver up Poland to him as the price of a grande-duchesse.” […] [quoting Armand-Augustin-Louis de Caulaincourt, duc de Vicence] Like all the grandes-duchesses she has been well brought up and educated.

1925, Walter Geer, Napoleon and Marie-Louise: The Fall of the Empire, New York, N.Y.: Brentano’s, pages 134 and 147:

Among the guests are Léon Bourgeois, president of the Chamber of Deputies, the Italian, German and Russian ambassadors, comtesse Greffulhe, the grande-duchesse Vladimir with comtesse Adhéaume de Chevigné, several comtes, comtesses, ducs and duchesses, Anatole France, Gaston Calmette, the baronne Gustave de Rothschild and Reynaldo Hahn, who sings at the piano when the initial hubbub has died down.

1990, Ronald Hayman, “For Le Figaro”, in Proust: A Biography, London: Heinemann, →ISBN, section III (1896–1905 Breakfast at Night), page 179:

The most important introduction Gontaut made for her was to Grand-Duc and Grande-Duchesse Wladimir of Russia, the GDWs to their intimates.

2018, Caroline Weber, Proust’s Duchess: How Three Celebrated Women Captured the Imagination of Fin-de-Siècle Paris, New York, N.Y.: Vintage Books, published 2019, →ISBN, page 196:


gräfin

Having here little to do but viser passports and flirt with married gräfins rather fat than fair, he had applied himself to a study of prophecy.

[1859], “Sinking a Sly Shaft”, in Getting On: A Tale of Modern English Life, volume I, London: James Hogg & Sons, page 267:

Mrs. Grahame was puzzled at finding that her letters of introduction, whose probable efficacy she had measured by that of the £4985 19s. 7½d., expended at 180, Belgrave Square, produced at Carlsbad a large assortment of princes and princesses, grafs and gräfins, and super-induced young Englishmen, coroneted and otherwise, whom she had failed of attracting to any one of her two balls, one concert, and six dinners, in London.

1862, Edward Heneage Dering, chapter XII, in A Great Sensation, volume I, London: Hurst and Blackett, […], page 155:

[…]old women are seeking to earn a few groschen by carrying home the purchases of buyers, and even a sprinkling of lady baronesses and gräfins, each attended by a footman,[…]

1884 Christmas, Mrs. Alexander [pen name; Anne French Hector], “Mrs. Vereker’s Courier Maid”, in The Gentleman’s Annual, chapter III, page 75:

Emerald enclosed faith, though gräfins needed faith mostly in grafs.

1995, Peter Vansittart, A Safe Conduct, Peter Owen Publishers, →ISBN, page 57:


Yang di-Pertuan Agong

Unadapted borrowing from Malay Yang di-Pertuan Agong (literally “He Who is Made Lord”).

unadapted borrowing

(Malaysian politics) The paramount monarch of Malaysia.


YDPA

Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Yang di-Pertuan Agong#English

(Malaysia) Synonym of Yang di-Pertuan Agong (“the paramount monarch of Malaysia”).


posadnik

Borrowed from Russian поса́дник (posádnik).

(historical) a mayor in some East Slavic cities, towns, and oblasts.


absolute monarch

en-noun

absolute monarch (plural absolute monarchs)

He maintained that an absolute monarch could extend his credit more advantageously, and could obtain money at lower rates of interest, than a prince with limited authority.

1887, Andrew McFarland Davis, An Historical Study of Law’s System, page 17:


princex

Do you want to be a Princess, Prince, or Princex of Pride?

2019, Rayceen Pendarvis, "Empress of Pride", The Unleashed Voice Magazine, July/August 2019, page 19

The Disney Princex Drag Brunch is today from noon-3.p.m. […]

2020 February 21, “Calendar”, in Washington Blade, page 29:

Another pair of feet treads the stairs - a striking Goblin Princex. The glittering green gems that stud their tiara contrast with their raven hair and coffee complexion. They possess a sultry allure, and my breath catches in the back of my throat.
"I am the Princex Kyler," they say.

2022, J. Scott Coatsworth, Clarity, unnumbered page:

(neologism, rare) A genderless or non-binary prince; a prince whose gender is unknown.


sword of state

The whole thing – save for the court shoes, which looked comfortable enough to be from the Portsmouth Marks & Spencer – was very Game of Thrones, an impression only added to by the fact that in front of her she carried the sword of state, which is 4ft long and weighs eight pounds.

6 May 2023, Rachel Cooke, “It was ludicrous but also magnificent: the coronation stirred every emotion”, in The Guardian:

A sword used as part of the regalia, symbolizing the power of a monarch to use the might of the state against its enemies.


shahzada

From Classical Persian شاهزاده (šāhzāda), from شاه (šāh, “king”) + زاده (zāda, “offspring”).


shahbanu

From Classical Persian شهبانو (šahbānū), from شاه (šāh, “king”) + بانو (bānū, “lady”).