calcium

en-noun

calcium (countable and uncountable, plural calciums)

Coined by British chemist Humphry Davy in 1808, from Latin calx (“lime, limestone”) because it occurs in limestone.

coin

calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease

Oxygen levels on Earth skyrocketed 2.4 billion years ago, when cyanobacteria evolved photosynthesis:[…]. The evolutionary precursor of photosynthesis is still under debate, and a new study sheds light. The critical component of the photosynthetic system is the “water-oxidizing complex”, made up of manganese atoms and a calcium atom.

2013 September-October, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist

alkaline earth metal
alkaline earth metal

The chemical element (Symbol Ca), with an atomic number 20. It is a soft, silvery-white alkaline earth metal which occurs naturally as carbonate in limestone and as silicate in many rocks.


limestone

en-noun

limestone (countable and uncountable, plural limestones)

a limestone viaduct

As each blast furnace uses 200 tons of limestone daily, and each limestone kiln 150 tons, a total of 730 tons of limestone has to be carried daily, in addition to limestone chippings, which are sold.

1939 July, “What the Railways are Doing: The New Ebbw Vale Steelworks”, in Railway Magazine, page 68

An abundant rock of marine and fresh-water sediments; primarily composed of calcite (CaCO₃); it occurs in a variety of forms, both crystalline and amorphous.


limewater

limewater (countable and uncountable, plural limewaters)

(inorganic chemistry) a solution of calcium hydroxide in water, used as a simple test for carbon dioxide, and in skin preparations.


calcine

en-verb

calcine (third-person singular simple present calcines, present participle calcining, simple past and past participle calcined)

calcines (present singular third-person)
calcining (participle present)
calcined (participle past)
calcined (past)
calcine (infinitive)

The verb is derived from Late Middle English calcinen (“(alchemy, medicine) to heat (something) until it turns to powder; to change the nature of (something) by heating”) [and other forms], from Old French calciner (modern French calciner (“to calcinate; to calcine”)) and from its etymon Medieval Latin calcināre (“(alchemy) to burn like lime; to reduce to calx”), from Late Latin calcīna (“inorganic material containing calcium, lime”) + -āre (suffix forming present active infinitive forms of verbs). Calcīna is derived from Latin calcis, the genitive singular of calx (“chalk; limestone”), possibly from Ancient Greek χᾰ́λῐξ (khálix, “small stone, pebble; gravel, rubble”); further etymology unknown, possibly Pre-Greek.
The noun is derived from the verb.

nb...

calcene, calcenen, calciene, calcyne, calsinen

der

(alchemy, historical) To heat (a substance) to remove its impurities and refine it.

(physical chemistry) To heat (a substance) without melting in order to drive off water, etc., and to oxidize or reduce it; specifically, to decompose (carbonates) into oxides, and, especially, to heat (limestone) to form quicklime.

bişirmək

to heat (a substance) without melting in order to drive off water, etc., and to oxidize or reduce it

To burn up (something) completely; to incinerate; hence, to destroy (something).

(intransitive, physical chemistry) Of a substance: to undergo heating so as to oxidize it.

калцинирам се

of a substance: to undergo heating so as to oxidize it


carbonation

en-noun

carbonation (countable and uncountable, plural carbonations)

Coordinate term: recarbonation

Soda pop is basically sugar water with a little bit of flavoring and added carbonation.

(physical chemistry) The state of having carbon dioxide gas dissolved in a liquid; the act or process of creating that state.

Celia didn't eat at the diner anymore because she thought the carbonation in their fountain drinks was off.

The amount or level of dissolved carbon dioxide remaining in solution.

(mineralogy) The replacement of calcium hydroxide with calcium carbonate triggered by a chemical reaction.


calcium hydroxide

(inorganic chemistry) A soft, white powder, Ca(OH)₂, obtained by the action of water on calcium oxide; slaked lime.


calciferous

en-adj

calciferous (comparative more calciferous, superlative most calciferous)

more calciferous (comparative)
most calciferous (superlative)

Yielding or containing calcium, calcium carbonate or calcite.

calcarifère

of or pertaining to calcium, calcium carbonate or calcite


(physics) The major stable isotope of calcium, ⁴⁰₂₀Ca, having twenty protons and twenty neutrons; it amounts to almost 97% of the element in nature


(physics) A minor stable isotope of calcium, ⁴²₂₀Ca, having twenty protons and twenty-two neutrons; it amounts to about 0.6% of the element in nature


(physics) A minor stable isotope of calcium, ⁴³₂₀Ca, having twenty protons and twenty-three neutrons; it amounts to about 0.1% of the element in nature


(physics) A minor stable isotope of calcium, ⁴⁴₂₀Ca, having twenty protons and twenty-four neutrons; it amounts to about 2% of the element in nature


(physics) A naturally-occurring isotope of calcium, ⁴⁸₂₀Ca, having twenty protons and twenty-eight neutrons. It decays very slowly, with a half-life of 4.3x10¹⁹ years. Because it is unusually neutron-rich, it is popular for the manufacture of superheavy elements.


(physics) A radioactive isotope of calcium, ⁴⁵₂₀Ca, having twenty protons and twenty-five neutrons, and a half-life of 162.6 days; it is used as a tracer in studying calcium metabolism. As it decays it undergoes transformation (nuclear transmutation) via electron emission, also called negative beta decay (β−-decay), into scandium.


tricalcium

Three atoms of calcium in a chemical compound.


(physics) A rare stable isotope of calcium, ⁴⁶₂₀Ca, having twenty protons and twenty-six neutrons; it amounts to only 0.004% of the element in nature


dicalcium

Two atoms of calcium in a chemical compound.


mineralization

en-noun

mineralization (countable and uncountable, plural mineralizations)

The breakdown of organic matter in the soil to form soluble inorganic compounds.


CAI

CAI (countable and uncountable, plural CAIs)

(inorganic chemistry, mineralogy) Initialism of calcium-aluminium-rich inclusion, a type of mineral.

(pharmacology) Initialism of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.

(automotive) Initialism of cold air intake.

Initialism of computer assisted instruction.


lysocline

From Ancient Greek λύσις (lúsis, “loosening, breaking loose”) + -cline.

af

The causes of CaCO₃ dissolution above the lysocline are subject to debate and have been attributed to (i) dissolution in zooplankton guts; (ii) dissolution in microenvironments where bacterial oxidation of organic matter enhances this process; and (iii) dissolution of more soluble forms of CaCO₃, including pteropods and high-magnesium calcite.

2009 January 16, R. W. Wilson et al., “Contribution of Fish to the Marine Inorganic Carbon Cycle”, in Science, volume 323, number 5912

The depth in the ocean below which solubility of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) increases dramatically.


organocalcium

(organic chemistry) Describing any organic compound containing a carbon to calcium bond.


carbonatation

en-noun

carbonatation (usually uncountable, plural carbonatations)

Carbonatation is used in refining sugar from sugar beet.

(physical chemistry) A chemical reaction in which calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide to form insoluble calcium carbonate.


calcophilic

en-adj

calcophilic (comparative more calcophilic, superlative most calcophilic)

more calcophilic (comparative)
most calcophilic (superlative)

(chemistry) That tends to be associated with calcium


calcium dioxide

calcium peroxide
calcium peroxide#English


tetracalcium

(inorganic chemistry, in combination) Four calcium atoms or ions in a compound


acerdol

calcium permanganate
calcium permanganate

(inorganic chemistry) calcium permanganate


calcium permanganate

(inorganic chemistry) A chemical compound with the chemical formula Ca(MnO₄)₂, used in the textile industry, for sterilization of water, and as a deodorizer.


hot fusion

A method of synthesizing superheavy elements, where the product nucleus has a relatively high excitation energy; typically this means that an actinide is being bombarded with calcium-48.