day

days (plural)
daie (alternative)
daye (alternative)

Sranan Tongo: dei

Etymology tree
Middle English day
English day
Inherited from Middle English day, from Old English dæġ (“day”), from Proto-West Germanic *dag, from Proto-Germanic *dagaz (“day”); see there for more.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Dai (“day”), West Frisian dei (“day”), Dutch dag (“day”), German Low German Dag (“day”), Alemannic German Däi (“day”), German Tag (“day”), Swedish, Norwegian and Danish dag (“day”), Icelandic dagur (“day”), Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃 (dags, “day”). Possible cognates beyond Germanic relatives include Albanian djeg (“to burn”), Lithuanian degti (“to burn”), Tocharian A tsäk-, Russian жечь (žečʹ, “to burn”) from *degti, Sanskrit दाह (dāhá, “heat”), दहति (dáhati, “to burn”), Latin foveō (“to warm, keep warm, incubate”).
Latin diēs, Russian день (denʹ), Lithuanian dienà are false cognates; they all derive from Proto-Indo-European *dyew- (“to shine”).

cog

any day of the week and twice on Sundays

even a stopped clock is right twice a day

every day of the week and twice on Sundays

Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof

The day begins at midnight.

Monday is the first day of the week in many countries of the world.

A period of time between two set times which mark the beginning and the end of day in a calendar, such as from midnight to the following midnight or (Judaism) from nightfall to the following nightfall.

يَوْم

period from midnight to the following midnight


Abaddon

From the Middle English Abadon, Abbadon, Labadon, Laabadon, from the Late Latin Abaddōn, from the Ancient Greek Ἀβαδδών (Abaddṓn), from the Biblical Hebrew אבדון (ʾăḇaddōn, literally “destruction, abyss”), from אבד (ʾāḇaḏ, “to be lost, to perish”).

der

Abaddan (alternative)
Abadon (alternative)

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

The destroyer, or angel of the bottomless pit; Apollyon;

In all her gates, Abaddon rues Thy bold attempt.

1671, John Milton, “The Fourth Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 4:

(poetic) Hell; the bottomless pit; a place of destruction.


abba

From Middle English, from Latin, from Ancient Greek, from Aramaic אבא/ܐܒܐ (ʼaḇāʼ, “father”); see abbot.

The abba of the coenobion went to him and told him about the brother who had slipped up.

2012, The Book of the Elders: Sayings of the Desert Fathers, →ISBN, page 135:

(Christianity, Judaism) Father; religious superior; in the Syriac, Coptic, and Ethiopic churches, a title given to the bishops, and by the bishops to the patriarch; a title given to Jewish scholars in the Talmudic period.


Abrahamic

[T]he Noachic and Abrahamic churches are connected by Shem, and the other long-lived patriarchs, who existed before the apostasy of Noah's posterity, and survived it

1832, Issac Cullimore, “Criteria for Determining the Accuracy of Scripture Chronology”, in The Morning watch: or, Quarterly journal on prophecy, and theological review, volume 4:

Paul's faith was at this crisis in his spiritual illumination more Abrahamic than Christlike in its character.

1896, James S. Kennedy, “Spiritual Development of St. Paul”, in The Methodist review, page 66:

Abrahamist

of the family of religions revering Abraham


abraxas

(Gnosticism, historical) A transcription of Abrasax.


futurism

en-noun

futurism (countable and uncountable, plural futurisms)

/ˈfjuːt͡ʃəɹɪzəm/

(Judaism) The Jewish expectation of the messiah in the future rather than recognizing him in the presence of Christ.


gnosis

gnosis (countable and uncountable, plural gnoses)

From Ancient Greek γνῶσις (gnôsis, “knowledge”).

der

(occult) An altered state of awareness in which the will is magically effective.


Israel

en-prop

Israel (countable and uncountable, plural Israels)

Israels (plural)
Isr. (alternative)
Isreal (alternative)
Yisrael (alternative)
Israhel (alternative)

→ Japanese: イスラエル (Isuraeru)

From Middle English Israel, from Old English, borrowed from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”). In the Bible, it is said to be from the name יִשְׂרֶה אֵל (yisré 'él) given to Jacob in he:T:29, after which his descendants came to be known as Israelites and their land as the "kingdom/land of Israel". The personal name, already attested in Eblaite 𒅖𒊏𒅋 (iš-ra-il) and Ugaritic 𐎊𐎌𐎗𐎛𐎍 (yšrỉl), has been variously translated as "he wrestles with God", "he prevails with God", or "God rules" (possibly from the same root ש־ר־ה/ש־ר־ר as שָׂרָה (“Sarah”)).
Line 27 of the Merneptah Stele (from about 1200 B.C.E.) is thought to contain the earliest attestation of the name Israel in any language, Egyptian ysrjꜣr.
: i-i-z:Z1s*Z1s:r-i-A-r:Z1*T14-A1*B1:Z2
Doublet of Yisroel.

(biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people.

Hear O’ Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is One

2024 August 24 (last accessed), My Jewish learning, The Shema:

For our ancestors, for us, for our children, for every generation of the people Israel, for all ages from the first to the last, His teachings are true, everlasting.

(historical, Judaism, liturgical, otherwise now proscribed or offensive) The Jews as a people, taken collectively.

liturgical; otherwise now proscribed or offensive; liturgical; otherwise now proscribed or offensive


Yiddish

From Yiddish ייִדיש (yidish), from Yiddish ייִדיש־דוײַטש (yidish-daytsh), cognate with German jüdisch (“Jewish”).

der

ייִדיש־דוײַטש

Holonym: High German

Meronyms: Eastern Yiddish, East Yiddish, Western Yiddish, West Yiddish

Yiddish is a High German language [...] two varieties of Yiddish developed [...]

1983, Philip Baldi, An Introduction to the Indo-European Languages, page 128:

A West Germanic, or more specifically High German, language that developed from Middle High German dialects, with an admixture of vocabulary from multiple source languages including Hebrew-Aramaic, Romance, Slavic, English, etc., and mostly written in Hebrew characters which is used mainly among Ashkenazic Jews from central and eastern Europe.


know

en-verb

know (third-person singular simple present knows, present participle knowing, simple past knew or (nonstandard) knowed, past participle known or (colloquial and nonstandard) knew)

knows (present singular third-person)
knowing (participle present)
knew (past)
knowed (nonstandard past)
known (participle past)
knew (colloquial nonstandard participle past)
know (infinitive)
knowe (alternative)

From Middle English knowen, from Old English cnāwan (“to know, perceive, recognise”), from Proto-West Germanic *knāan, from Proto-Germanic *knēaną (“to know”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).
(Cognates):
from Indo-European: Latin gnoscō, Latin cognoscō (Spanish conocer, French connaître, Italian conoscere, Portuguese conhecer), Ancient Greek γνωρίζω (gnōrízō, “I know”) and γνῶσις (gnôsis, “knowledge”), Albanian njoh (“I know, recognise”), Russian знать (znatʹ, “to know”), Lithuanian žinoti (“to know”), and Persian شناختن (šenâxtan, “to know”).
from Proto-Germanic: Scots knaw (“to know, recognise”), Icelandic knega (“to know, know how to, be able”), Old High German knājan (“to know, recognise”), Old Norse kná (“to know how”). Remotely related also Dutch and German kennen, West Frisian kenne (see English ken).

col

Cognates

...に精通している

...にせいつうしている

better the devil you know

than the devil you don't (know); than the one you don't (know)

know one's ass from a hole in the ground

know one's head from a hole in the ground

know the difference between one's ass and a hole in the ground

know the difference between one's ass and one's elbow

know which side one's bread is buttered on

that's for me to know and you to find out

the devil that you know is better than the devil that you don't know

the devil we know is better than the devil we don't know

the devil you know is better than the devil you don't know

the left hand doesn't know what the right hand is doing

you don't know what you're talking about

you don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows

you never know what you've got till it's gone

AFterwarde the man knewe Heuáh his wife, which cõceiued & bare Káin, & ſaid, I haue obteined a man by yͤ Lord.

1560, [William Whittingham et al., transl.], The Bible and Holy Scriptures Conteyned in the Olde and Newe Testament. […] (the Geneva Bible), Geneva: […] Rouland Hall, →OCLC, Genesis IIII:1, folio 2, verso:

Now Gerald had never thought of her having a mother. Then there must have been a father, too, some time. And Miss Wilmarth existed because two people once had loved and known. It was not a thought to dwell upon.

1939, Dorothy Parker, “Horsie,”, in Here lies: The collected stories of Dorothy Parker:

Wait a second. Are you… attempting to know me?

2003 May 11, Garland Testa, 19:37 from the start, in Gary McCarver, director, Night and Deity (King of the Hill), season 7, episode 21, spoken by Dale Gribble (Johnny Hardwick), 20th Century Fox:

know someone in the biblical sense
know someone in the biblical sense

(transitive) To be acquainted or familiar with; to have encountered.

(transitive, archaic, biblical, euphemistic) To have sexual relations with. This meaning normally specified in modern English as e.g. to ’know someone in the biblical sense’ or to ‘know biblically.’


weekday

weekdays (plural)
week-day (alternative)

Inherited from Middle English weke-day, from Old English wicdæġ. By surface analysis, compound of week + day. Compare West Frisian wikedei (“weekday”), Dutch weekdag (“weekday”), German Wochentag (“weekday”), Danish ugedag (“weekday”), Swedish veckodag (“weekday”), Norwegian ukedag (“weekday”).

surf

Any individual day of the week, except those which form the weekend or the single weekly day off; that is:

(Judaism) Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday or Friday, but not Saturday.


Yahweh

The usual form of the ancient West Semitic (Hebrew) יהוה used in scholarship.
Used especially in discussions of the religion of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah.
The spelling Jahweh was used in German since the 1850s. The spelling Yahweh in English (ensuring the pronunciation of the initial consonant as /j/) first appears in the 1860s, e.g. in the Herald of the Kingdom and Age to Come edited by John Thomas, founder of the Antipas Christadelphians (vol. X. no. 1, Westchester, NY, January 1860). First appeared in English Bible translations for the Tetragrammaton in the 1902 Emphasized Bible (EBR).

Jahaveh (alternative)
Jahve (alternative)
Jahveh (alternative)
Jahwe (alternative)
Jahweh (alternative)
Yahve (alternative)
Yahveh (alternative)
Yahwe (alternative)

1985 "At the time when Yahweh God made earth and heaven" (New Jerusalem Bible, Genesis 2:4)

(religion) A transliteration of the Tetragrammaton.


Jehovah

/d͡ʒəˈhəʊ.və/

Transliteration of Hebrew יְהֹוָה (yəhōwā), the Masoretic vocalization of the Biblical Hebrew יהוה (variously pronounced).
The Masoretic vocalization is a so-called qere perpetuum, the deliberate insertion of the vowels of another word than the one represented by the consonant text, in this case אֲדֹנָי (“my lord”) ('Adonai').
Continuing earlier Iehoua. In English, the name is first attested in 1530, in Tyndale's Bible: I appeared vnto Abraham Isaac and Iacob an allmightie God: but in my name Iehouah was I not knowne vnto them (Exodus 6:3).
Tyndale used Iehouah instead of Wycliffe's Adonay. The KJV also has Jehovah in this verse specifically, while it uses Lord otherwise. Young's Literal Translation (1898) has Jehovah. The New King James Version (1982) has Lord.

I've never had Jehovahs at my door, but the other day two Mormons came to my door.


MO

Modern Orthodox
w:Modern Orthodox Judaism

(Judaism) Initialism of Modern Orthodox.


get

gets (plural)
gittim (plural)
gitten (plural)
gett (alternative)
ghet (alternative)

In Israel, rabbinic courts can imprison men until they acquiesce and grant gets to their wives.

2013, Dan Cohn-Sherbok, George D. Chryssides, Dawoud El-Alami, Love, Sex and Marriage, page 143:


lay

en-verb

lay (third-person singular simple present lays, present participle laying, simple past and past participle laid)

lays (present singular third-person)
laying (participle present)
laid (participle past)
laid (past)

Calque of Yiddish לייגן (leygn, “to put, lay”).

calque

(Judaism, transitive) To don or put on (tefillin (phylacteries)).


behemoth

/ˈbiː.əˌməθ/

From Middle English behemoth, bemoth, from Late Latin behemoth, from Hebrew בְּהֵמוֹת (behemót). Most likely, the Hebrew word is an intensive plural of בְּהֵמָה (behemá, “beast”), from Proto-Semitic (compare Ge'ez ብህመ (bəhmä, “to be dumb, to be speechless”), Arabic ب ه م (b h m)).
Some have instead suggested a borrowing from a hypothetical Egyptian pA-i-H-E1-mw (*pꜣ-jḥ-mw, “hippopotamus”, literally “the ox of the water”), from pꜣ (“definite article”) + jḥ (“ox, cattle”) + mw (“water”) in a direct genitive construction (for the pronunciation, compare the later Coptic descendants ⲡ- (p-) + ⲉϩⲉ (ehe) + ⲙⲟⲟⲩ (moou)); this, however, suffers from problems such as the lack of attestation of the supposed etymon, and there seems little reason to prefer it to the intensive plural explanation.

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">*pꜣ-jḥ-mw</i>

Coordinate term: leviathan

⸿ Beholde now Behemoth which I made with thee, hee eateth graſſe as an oxe.
 Loe now, his ſtrength is in his loynes, and his force is in the nauell of his belly.
 Hee moueth his taile like a Cedar: the ſinewes of his ſtones are wrapt together.
 His bones are as ſtrong pieces of braſſe: his bones are like barres of iron.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 40:15–18, column 1:

(biblical) A great and mighty beast which God shows to Job in Job 40:15–24.


power

en-noun

power (countable and uncountable, plural powers)

→ German: Power

→ Welsh: pŵer

/ˈpʌʊ̯.(ə)ɹ/

From Middle English power, poer, from Old French poeir, from Vulgar Latin potēre, from Latin posse, whence English potent. Compare French pouvoir. Displaced the native Old English anweald.

հզորություն

physics: measure of the rate of doing work or transferring energy

(biblical, in the plural) In Christian angelology, an intermediate level of angels, ranked above archangels, but exact position varies by classification scheme.


judge

judges (plural)
judg (alternative)
iudge (alternative)

→ Assamese: জজ (zoz)

→ Bengali: জজ (joj)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जज (jaj)

Urdu: جَج (jaj)

→ Odia: ଜଜ୍ (jaj)

→ Tamil: ஜட்ஜி (jaṭji)

→ Telugu: జడ్జ (jaḍja)

From Middle English juge, jugge, from Old French juge, from Latin iūdex. Displaced native Middle English deme (from Old English dēma (“judge”)) and demere (from Old English dēmere (“judge”)), see also deemer, deemster.

(historical, biblical) A shophet, a temporary leader appointed in times of crisis in ancient Israel.


bible

From Middle English bible, from Middle Latin biblia (“book”) (misinterpreted as a feminine from earlier Latin neuter plural biblia (“books”)), from Ancient Greek βιβλία (biblía, “books”), plural of βιβλίον (biblíon, “small book”), originally a diminutive of βίβλος (bíblos, “book”), from βύβλος (búblos, “papyrus”) (from the ancient Phoenician city of Byblos which exported this writing material).
Old English used biblioþēce (from βιβλιοθήκη) and ġewritu (> English writs) for "the Scriptures".

The bible was used by Presley throughout his life until his death on 16 August 1977 and contains his handwritten notes, thoughts and annotations.

2012 September 8, Cass Jones, “Elvis Presley's bible sells for £59,000”, in The Guardian:

Alternative letter-case form of Bible (“a specific version, edition, translation, or copy of the Christian religious text”)

Bible

The Buddhist bible tells this story of Buddha’s time of temptation when he was living as a hermit on the Mount of Snow.

1925, Etsu Inagaki Sugimoto, A Daughter of the Samurai, page 76:

Alternative letter-case form of Bible (“the analogous holy book of another religion”)


Jew

Jews (plural)
Jewes (archaic plural)
Joo (alternative)

Sranan Tongo: Dyu

From Middle English Jew, Giu, Giw, Ju, from Old French juiu, Giu, gyu, from Latin iūdaeus (“Judean (i.e. Jew)”), from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαῖος (Ioudaîos), from Ἰουδά (Ioudá), Ἰούδας (Ioúdas, “Judah, Judas, Jude”) + -ιος (-ios, suffix forming adjectives), from Biblical Hebrew יְהוּדָה (y'hudá, “male given name, Yehuda; Judah, Judea”). Doublet of Yid. Displaced Old English Iūdēisċ.

der

Both Jews and Muslims refrain from eating pork.


colt

From Middle English colt, from Old English colt, from Proto-Germanic *kultaz (“plump; stump; thick shape, bulb”), from Proto-Indo-European *gelt- (“something round, pregnant belly, child in the womb”), from *gel- (“to ball up, amass”). Cognate with Faroese koltur (“colt, foal”) Norwegian kult (“treestump”), Swedish kult (“young boar, boy, lad”). Related to child.


Sabbath

From Middle English sabat, sabbat, sabath, from Old English sabat and Old French sabbat, both from Latin sabbatum, from Ancient Greek σάββατον (sábbaton, “Sabbath”), from Hebrew שַׁבָּת (shabát, “Sabbath”), with the spelling ending in -th, probably influenced by the traditional transliteration of the Hebrew as shabbāth, being attested since the 14th century and widespread since the 16th. Doublet of Shabbat. Possibly from the Sumerian sa-bat ("mid-rest")

Witches always anointed themselves with ointments before departing up the chimney to their Sabbaths. One such ointment was composed of Aconite, Belladonna, Water Parsley, Cinquefoil and Babies' Fat.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 112:

Around this conception was built up the notion of ritual devil-worship, involving the sabbath or nocturnal meeting at which the witches gathered to worship their master and to copulate with him.

1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 419:

witches' Sabbath
witches' Sabbath#English

A meeting of witches. (Also called a witches' Sabbath, Shabbat, sabbat, or black Sabbath.)


creationism

en-noun

creationism (usually uncountable, plural creationisms)

the preservation of the race of man is made to grow out of that quickening impulse, which we call the life of humanity. This notion, which was called Traducianism by the schoolmen (the system opposed to it being termed Creatianism ^([sic]))

1848, Robert Wilberforce, The Doctrine of the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ, in its relation to Mankind and to the Church:

(theology) The Abrahamic doctrine that each individual human soul is created by God, as opposed to traducianism.


Masorah

From Hebrew מָסוֹרָה (masorá), variant of מסורת / מָסֹרֶת (masóret).

he-m

מסורת / מָסֹרֶת (masóret)

masora (alternative)
masorah (alternative)
Massora (alternative)
massora (alternative)
Massorah (alternative)
massorah (alternative)

The collection of marginal notes on the text of the Hebrew Scriptures, composed by rabbis of the school of Tiberias, in the 8th-9th centuries CE.


Masoretic

/mæsəˈɹɛtɪk/

Masoretical (alternative)
Massoretic (alternative)
Massoretical (alternative)

Masoretic points and accents are the vowel points and accents of the Hebrew text of the Bible, of which the first mention is in the Masora.

Of or relating to the Masorah, or to its authors.

masoretisch

relating to the Masora or to its authors


Andrew

en-proper noun

Andrew (countable and uncountable, plural Andrews)

[ˈeᵊnˌd̠ɹ̠˔ʷʊ̈u]

[ˈænˌd̠ɹ̠ʷ˔ʊ̈u]

From Ancient Greek Ἀνδρέας (Andréas), cognate with ἀνδρεῖος (andreîos, “manly”), both from ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man”). Doublet of André, Andreas, Andrei, and Andrey.

doublet

A village in Lamont County, Alberta, Canada.


bath

barf (non-rhotic, trap–bath split, th-fronting)

Ye shall have just balances, and a just ephah, and a just bath. The ephah and the bath shall be of one measure, that the bath may contain the tenth part of an homer, and the ephah the tenth part of an homer: the measure thereof shall be after the homer.

(historical units of measure) A former Hebrew unit of liquid volume (about 23 L or 6 gallons).


syzygy

en-noun

syzygy (countable and uncountable, plural syzygies)

From Late Latin sȳzygia (“conjunction”), from Ancient Greek συζυγία (suzugía, “union, yoke, pair”). This word was recognized as English in 1847 (in its astronomical meaning).

der

(Gnosticism) Complementary female–male pairings of the emanations known as Aeons.


Ashkenazi

en-adj

Ashkenazi (comparative more Ashkenazi, superlative most Ashkenazi)

more Ashkenazi (comparative)
most Ashkenazi (superlative)

/ˌæʃkɪˈnɑːzi/

/ˌæʃkɪnəˈziː/

/ˌɑːʃkɪˈnɑːzi/

/ˌɑːʃkɪnəˈziː/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Ashkenazi.wav

From Hebrew אַשְׁכְּנַזִּי ('ashk'nazí), from Biblical Hebrew אַשְׁכְּנַז (ʾaškənaz). Biblical Ashkenaz was the son of Gomer, grandson of Japheth, and great-grandson of Noah. Ashkenaz's descendants were identified with Germans by medieval Jewish tradition. Ashkenaz was the name used for the Rhine river, which was the starting point of central and eastern European settlement by Jews, who are thought to have arrived in the region from Italy, and then spread east as they fled violent oppression and followed more favorable ownership laws.

bor

אַשְׁכְּנַזִּי

Of or relating to Jews of Central European, particularly of German and Polish origin, and their traditions, customs, and rituals.

أَشْكِنَازِيّ

of, or relating to Jews from Central Europe


Ashkenazi

en-noun

Ashkenazi (plural Ashkenazim or Ashkenazis)

/ˌæʃkɪˈnɑːzi/

/ˌæʃkɪnəˈziː/

/ˌɑːʃkɪˈnɑːzi/

/ˌɑːʃkɪnəˈziː/

bor

אַשְׁכְּנַזִּי


Ashkenazi

/ˌæʃkɪˈnɑːzi/

/ˌæʃkɪnəˈziː/

/ˌɑːʃkɪˈnɑːzi/

/ˌɑːʃkɪnəˈziː/

אַשְׁכְּנַזִּי


kosher

en-adj

kosher (comparative more kosher, superlative most kosher)

more kosher (comparative)
most kosher (superlative)

From Yiddish כּשר (kosher), from Hebrew כָּשֵׁר (kashér).

Only in New York can you find a good, kosher hamburger!

David's mother kept a kosher kitchen, with separate sets of dishes for meat and for dairy.

In order for a suit to be kosher, it cannot contain both wool and linen together.

(Judaism) Fit for use or consumption, in accordance with Jewish law (especially relating to food).

Is what I have done kosher with Mr. Smith?

(figuratively, by extension) In accordance with standards or usual practice.


kosher

Just like eating halal is not a choice for our Muslim brothers and sisters, for us, eating kosher is not voluntary; it’s who we are and as necessary as the oxygen we need for sustenance.

2020 August 20, Eliezer Brand, “ICE is forcing Muslims to eat pork. My fellow Orthodox Jews: This is our fight!”, in The Forward:

In a kosher manner; in accordance with kashrut.


kosher

en-verb

kosher (third-person singular simple present koshers, present participle koshering, simple past and past participle koshered)

koshers (present singular third-person)
koshering (participle present)
koshered (participle past)
koshered (past)

(transitive) To kasher; to prepare (for example, meat) in conformity with the requirements of the Jewish law.


Michael

en-proper noun

Michael (countable and uncountable, plural Michaels)

Michaels (plural)
Michaell (alternative)

Armenian: Մայքլ (Maykʻl)

Greek: Μάικλ (Máikl)

From Middle English Michael, from Old French Michel, Old English Michahel, and directly from their source Latin Michaēl, from Ancient Greek Μῐχᾱήλ (Mĭkhāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew מִיכָאֵל (mîḵāʾēl, literally “who is like God?”). Doublet of Mikhail.

der

Yea, it seems to me not fit for Christian humility to call a man Gabriel or Michael, giving the names of angels to the sons of mortality.

1629, Thomas Adams, Meditations upon Creed: The Works of Thomas Adams, James Nichol (1862), volume 3, page 212:

He works in the steelworks, the boyfriend, on the factory floor. I'd say that was quite unusual, he's called Michael. Insists on that, he does, not being called Mike or Micky or Mick, pretends not to hear you, then, "No, my name's actually Michael."

2008, Philip Hensher, The Northern Clemency, HarperCollins, →ISBN, page 498:

He looked more like a Michael; big guy, dark-haired, good posture, his back ramrod straight.

2015 August 25, Sue Grafton, X, Penguin, →ISBN, page 277:

(countable) A male given name from Hebrew.

And at that time shall Michael stand up, the great prince that standeth for the children of thy people.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Daniel 12:1:

And there was war in heaven: Michael and his angels fought against the dragon.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 12:7:

(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) An archangel associated with defending the faithful in the tribulation.


evangelist

From Old French evangeliste, equivalent to evangel + -ist, from ecclesiastical Latin evangelista, from ecclesiastical Ancient Greek εὐαγγελιστής (euangelistḗs, “bringer of good news”), from εὐαγγελίζεσθαι (euangelízesthai, “to evangelize”), from εὐάγγελος (euángelos, “bringing good news”), from εὖ (eû, “well”) + ἀγγέλλειν (angéllein, “to announce”).

uder

εὐαγγελιστής

(biblical) A writer of a gospel, especially the four New Testament Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John), usually capitalized (Evangelist).


cherub

en-noun

cherub (plural cherubs or cherubim or cherubims)

cherubs (plural)
cherubim (plural)
cherubims (plural)

James Tissot
Museum Catharijneconvent
Pieter de Grebber

From Middle English cherub, cherube, cherubin, cherubine, cherubym, cherubyn, cherybin, gerubin, jerubin (“angel of the second highest order; depiction of such an angel”), from Old English cerubin, cerubim, ceruphin, cherubin, from Latin cherūbīn, cherūbīm, from Ancient Greek χερουβίν (kheroubín), χερουβείν (kheroubeín), χερουβίμ (kheroubím), from Hebrew כְּרוּבִים (k'ruvím);.
Because it was not always clear from Bible passages whether a single being or group of beings was being referred to, cherubin was used both as a singular word (plural cherubins) and plural word up to the 18th century. However, in Bible translations particularly from the 16th century onward cherub began to be favoured as the singular form, and from the 17th century cherubim as the plural form (influenced by Hebrew כְּרוּבִים (k'ruvím)).
The English word is cognate with French chérubin, Italian cherubino, Old Spanish cherubin (modern Spanish querubín), Galician querubín, Portuguese querubim.

refn

From the collection of the Jewish Museum in New York City, New York, USA.

From the collection of the Museum Catharijneconvent in Utrecht, Netherlands.

(biblical) A winged creature attending God and guarding his throne described as a being with four faces (man, lion, ox, and eagle), human hands, calf hooves, four wings, and many eyes. A description can be found in Ezekiel chapter 1 and Ezekiel chapter 10; similar to a lamassu (winged bull with a human torso) in the pre-exilic texts of the Hebrew Bible, more humanoid in later texts.

𐕣𐕙𐕒𐔱𐔰

(biblical) winged creature attending on God


seraph

en-noun

seraph (plural seraphs or seraphim or (nonstandard) seraphims)

seraphs (plural)
seraphim (plural)
seraphims (nonstandard plural)
saraph (alternative)
seraphim (alternative)

Back-formation of singular from plural seraphim, from Latin seraphim, from Biblical Hebrew שְׂרָפִים (sərāp̄īm), plural form of שָׂרָף (sārāp̄). The plural "seraphims" occurs in the King James Bible (Isaiah chapter 6).
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the singular "seraph" may have originated with John Milton, who used it in Book I of Paradise Lost (1667).

(biblical) A burning serpent, often winged, with human hands and sometimes feet; one of God's entourage. On Earth, they strike with burning poison; in Heaven, with burning coal. A description can be found at the beginning of Isaiah chapter 6.


Daniel

Danis (alternative)
Daneau (alternative)
Danel (alternative)
Danès (alternative)
Danet (alternative)
Daniau (alternative)
Deniau (alternative)
Deniaud (alternative)
Deniel (alternative)
Dennel (alternative)
Dany (alternative)
Daniellot (alternative)
Daniélou (alternative)

From Middle English Daniel, Daniell, from Ancient Greek Δᾱνῑήλ (Dānīḗl), from Hebrew דָּנִיֵּאל (daniyél, literally “God is my judge”), name borne from the prophet whose story is told in the Book of Daniel.

der

A book in the Old Testament of the Bible.

Then the king commanded, and they brought Daniel, and cast him into the denne of Lions: now the king spake and saide vnto Daniel; Thy God, whom thou seruest continually, he will deliuer thee.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Daniel 6:16:

(biblical) The prophet whose story is told in the Book of Daniel.


Jerusalem

en-proper noun

Jerusalem (countable and uncountable, plural Jerusalems)

/d͡ʒəˈɹuːsələm/

/d͡ʒəˈɹuːzələm/

From Old English Hierusalem or Old French Jherusalem or Late Latin Ierusalem, Hierusalem, from Latin Hierosolyma, from Ancient Greek Ἰερουσαλήμ (Ierousalḗm), from Biblical Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yərūšālayim).

der

יְרוּשָׁלַיִם

Meronyms: East Jerusalem (EJ, East al-Quds); West Jerusalem (WJ)

Mediterranean Sea
Mediterranean Sea#English

Hierosolyma

chiefly in reference to the ancient Roman or Crusader era city

A city in the Holy Land between the Mediterranean Sea and Dead Sea, holy in Judaism, Christianity and Islam; the claimed capital cities of both Israel and Palestine.

꾸드스

North Korea and South Korean Islamic contexts

A number of places elsewhere, usually named after the city in the Holy Land:

A census-designated place in Conway County, Arkansas.

census-designated place
census-designated place

An unincorporated community in Harford County, Maryland.

An unincorporated community in Lima Township, Washtenaw County, Michigan.

Washtenaw County
Washtenaw County#English

Former name of Courtland, Southampton County, Virginia.


temple

From Middle English temple, from Old English templ, tempel, borrowed from Latin templum (“shrine, temple, area for auspices”). Compare Old High German tempal (“temple”), also a borrowing from the Latin.

tempel

place of worship — see also place of worship

How often do you go to temple?

(Judaism) Synonym of synagogue, especially a non-Orthodox synagogue.


Moses

From Latin Mōsēs, Mōȳsēs, from Ancient Greek Μωυσῆς (Mōusês), from Biblical Hebrew מֹשֶׁה (mōšê). Further etymology is unclear, but it is sometimes conjectured to derive from Egyptian ms-s (msj, “to give birth to”), a common element in Egyptian names of the form ‘[name of deity] is the one who bore him’; or, alternatively, contains Egyptian N35A (mw, “water”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">msj</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">mw</i>

And the Lord came downe vpon mount Sinai, on the top of the mount: and the Lord called Moſes vp to the top of the mount, and Moſes went vp.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 19:20, column 1:

Moses supposes his toeses are roses, / But Moses supposes erroneously, / Moses he knowses his toeses aren't roses, / As Moses supposes his toeses to be!

1952 Singin' in the Rain: Moses supposes (a song)

(biblical) The pharaonic patriarch who led the enslaved Hebrews out of Egypt, the brother of Aaron and Miriam described in the Book of Exodus and the Quran.


Allah

From Arabic اللّٰه (allāh), contraction of اَل (al-, “the”) + إِلَه (ʔilah, “deity”); cognate with the Aramaic אלה (aláh) and אלהא (aláhâ), and Hebrew אֵל (él), אֱלוֹהַּ / אֱלֹהַּ (elóah) and אֱלוֹהִים \ אֱלֹהִים (elohím); ultimately from Proto-Semitic *ʾil-.-.

What is the Shia Islamic view on the attributes of Allah?

We are too much men and women; we are yet formed in the image of the Creator, and what can we say of Him with any certainty except that He, whoever He may be—Christ, Yahweh, Allah—He made us, did He not, because even He in His Infinite Perfection could not bear to be alone.

1998, Anne Rice, The Vampire Armand, New York: Knopf, →ISBN, →OL, page 273:

(Islam) God, in Islamic or Arabic contexts


scorpion

scorpions (plural)
skorpion (alternative)

From Middle English scorpioun, skorpioun, schorpion, schorpiun, partly from Old English sċorpio and partly from Anglo-Norman scorpïun, Old French scorpïon, escorpïon; all from Latin scorpiō, ultimately from Ancient Greek σκορπίος (skorpíos). The cheerleading move is so called because of the resemblance of the raised foot to a scorpion's stinger.

Coordinate term: scourge

And now whereas my father did lade you with a heauy yoke, I wil adde to your yoke: my father hath chastised you with whippes, but I will chastise you with scorpions.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Kings 12:11:

(obsolete, biblical) A whip with points like a scorpion's tail.


festival

en-noun

festival (countable and uncountable, plural festivals)

festivals (plural)
feastiuall (alternative)

From Middle English festival (adjective), from Old French festival (“festive”), from Late Latin fēstīvālis, from Latin fēstīvus (“festive”). Displaced native Old English frēols. The noun is shortened from festival day, from Middle English festival dai, festiuall day (“feast day, festival”).

All your males are to appear three times a year before the Lord your God in the place He chooses: at the Festival of Unleavened Bread, the Festival of Weeks, and the Festival of Booths. No one is to appear before the Lord empty-handed.

2009, “Deuteronomy 16:16”, in Holman Christian Standard Bible:


Jesus

head

Jesus (plural (of male given name) Jesuses or Jesi)

Jesuses (plural)
Jesi (plural)
Iesus (alternative)
Iesvs (alternative)
Jesu (alternative)
Jeezus (alternative)

/ˈd͡ʒiːˌzʌs/

From Middle English Jhesus, Iesus, from Latin Iēsūs, from Ancient Greek Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs), from Biblical Hebrew יֵשׁוּעַ (yēšū́aʿ), a contracted form of יְהוֹשֻׁעַ (yəhōšúaʿ, “Joshua”). The form יֵשׁוּעַ (yēšū́aʿ) is attested in some of the later books of the Hebrew Bible (Ezra–Nehemiah), and translated as Jeshua or Yeshua in some English editions (the former appearing in the King James Version). The Greek texts make no distinction between Jesus and Joshua, referring to them both as Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs). In the Wycliffe Bible (Middle English), the forms used are Jhesus and Jhesu.

Sister of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary

For the Son of God, Christ Jesus, is Head of the Church; and can the Body doe any thing well, if the Head direct it not?

1621 June 19, William Laud, “Sermon preached before His Majesty”, in Seven Sermons Preached Upon Severall Occasions […], page 10:

Mohammed always announced his religion as the religion of Abraham, of Moses, and of Jesus.

1873, Syed Ameer Ali, A Critical Examination of the Life and Teachings of Mohammed, page 195:

I find that writing helps my praying, whether it is writing poetry or more conversational journaling with Jesus. I used to feel compelled to write on a scheduled basis (for example, once a week for my journaling or a poem every time I went to the Japanese Garden), but now I have let go of that compulsion and write when it seems right.

1989, James McGinnis, “Peacemaking and Prayer”, in Journey into Compassion: A Spirituality for the Long Haul, Institute for Peace and Justice; Meyer-Stone, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 36:

She’s right! Omarosa is right there! Also, I’m pretty sure the original titles of the New and Old Testament were Jesus Said This and Jesus Ain’t Say That.

2018 March 18, “Mike Pence”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 5, episode 5, John Oliver (actor), via HBO:

Baháʼí Baháʼí

Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman (commonly understood to have been a carpenter) from Galilee held to be a prophet, teacher, the son of God, and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity; also called "Jesus Christ" by Christians. Held to be a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís. Also called "the historical Jesus" from a historiographic viewpoint or a secular one.


Sarah

en-proper noun

Sarah (countable and uncountable, plural Sarahs)

Sarahs (plural)
Sara (alternative)
Zara (alternative)
Zarah (alternative)

From Biblical Hebrew שָׂרָה (śārâ, “lady, princess”), from the Biblical figure originally named Sarai (שָׂרָי (śārāy, literally “masters, princes”)).

bor

And God ſaid vnto Abraham, As for Sarai thy wife, thou ſhalt not call her name Sarai, but Sarah ſhall her name be.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 21:4, column 1:

(biblical) The wife of Abraham and mother of Isaac in the Bible.


neighbour

neighbours (plural)
neighbor (alternative)
neyghbour (alternative)
naybor (alternative)
naybour (alternative)
neibor (alternative)
neibour (alternative)
neighbore (alternative)
neighboure (alternative)
neyghbor (alternative)
neyghbore (alternative)
neyghboure (alternative)

From Middle English neyghebour, neighebor, neighbour, neihebur, from Old English nēahġebūr (“neighbour”), from Proto-Germanic *nēhwagabūrô (“neighbour”, literally “near-dweller”), equivalent to nigh (“near”) + bower (“farmer”). Cognate with Scots nichbour (“neighbour”), Saterland Frisian Noaber (“neighbour”), Dutch nabuur (“neighbour”), German Low German Naber (“neighbour”), German Nachbar (“neighbour”), Danish nabo (“neighbour”), Norwegian nabo (“neighbour”), Icelandic nábúi (“neighbour”), Finnish naapuri (“neighbour”), Estonian naaber (“neighbour”).
Eclipsed non-native Middle English prome (“neighbour”), borrowed from Old French proeme, proime, proisme (“neighbour”).

inh

1982, Bible (NKJV), Leviticus 19:18,
You shall not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of your people, but you shall love your neighbor as yourself: I am the Lord.


tabernacle

From Middle English tabernacle (14th century), from Old French tabernacle, from Latin tabernāculum (“tent, booth, shed”), the diminutive of taberna (“hut, shed”).

der

[…]ſo Moſes finiſhed the worke. Then a cloud couered the Tent of the Congregation, and the glory of the Lord filled the Tabernacle. And Moſes was not able to enter into the Tent of the Congregation, becauſe the cloud abode thereon, and the glory of the Lord filled the Tabernacle. And when the cloud was taken vp from ouer the Tabernacle, the children of Iſrael went onward in all their iourneys: But if the cloud were not taken vp, then they iourneyed not, till the day that it was taken vp. For the cloud of the Lord was vpon the Tabernacle by day, and fire was on it by night, in the ſight of all the houſe of Iſrael, throughout all their iourneys.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 40:33–38, column 2:

(biblical) The portable tent used before the construction of the temple, where the shekinah (presence of God) was believed to dwell.

tabernakel

telttamaja (1992 translation of the Bible)


leviathan

leviathans (plural)
Leviathan (alternative)

From Middle English levyethan, levyathan, etc., from Late Latin leviathan, a transliteration of Biblical Hebrew לִוְיָתָן (liv'yatán).

Canſt thou dravv out Leuiathan vvith an hooke? or his tongue vvith a corde vvhich thou letteſt dovvne?

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 41:1, column 1:

The fog seemed to break away as though split by a wedge, and the bow of a steamboat emerged, trailing fog-wreaths on either side like seaweed on the snout of Leviathan.

1904, Jack London, chapter 1, in The Sea-Wolf (Macmillan’s Standard Library), New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap, →OCLC:

(biblical, mythology) A vast sea monster of tremendous strength, described as the most powerful and dangerous creature in the ocean.


Tanakh

the Tanakh (canonical)
Tanach (alternative)

Borrowed from Hebrew תנ״ך (TaNaKh). Acronym of Torah, Neviim and Ketuvim.

(biblical, Judaism) The body of Jewish scripture comprising the Torah, the Neviim (prophets) and the Ketuvim (writings), corresponding roughly to the Christian Old Testament.


ken

Gilboa and Habonim Dror also run year-round programming, holding regional reunions (called kenim) up and down the state

2016 January 15, Dan Pine, “Hike, swim, fix the world: Kids mix it up at Gilboa camp”, in The Jewish News of Northern California:

Gavriella: At an annual movement conference. I went for the first time, and we proposed creating new kenim [branches] and it was approved, which is amazing!

2018 October 6, Meital Shapiro, “What It's Like to Be a Socialist Zionist in the U.S.”, in Israel News:

At the beginning of 1944 he was sent to Debreccen to operate the local ken and to organize self-defense.

2007, David Gur, דוד גור, Eli Netser, Brothers for Resistance and Rescue, page 87:


Holy Spirit

From Late Middle English Holy Speryte, holy spiriet, holy spyryt, an alteration of earlier Middle English Holygost, Haliȝ Gast, holy goost (see Holy Ghost), equivalent to holy + Spirit.

(Judaism) The spirit of God, especially the gifts of wisdom and prophecy.


Ezra

en-proper noun

Ezra (countable and uncountable, plural Ezras)

Ezras (plural)
Ez. (alternative)
Ezr. (alternative)

From the Biblical Hebrew עֶזְרָא (ʿezrā). Doublet of Esdras.

(biblical) The fifteenth book of the Old Testament and a book of the Hebrew Tanakh.

以士拉書 /以士拉书

Ī-sê̤ṳ-lá-cṳ̆

(biblical) A Jewish high priest from the fifth century BC.


Aaron

From Latin Aaron, from Ancient Greek Ἀαρών (Aarṓn), from Hebrew אַהֲרֹן (ʾAhărōn), of unknown meaning, possibly meaning “bearer of martyrs”, or perhaps also, or instead, related to the Ancient Egyptian ꜥḥꜣ rw (“warrior lion”), though it has been suggested to also mean “elevated”, “exalted” or “high mountain”. Doublet of Harun.

And the anger of the Lord was kindled against Moses, and hee said, Is not Aaron the Leuite thy brother? I know that he can speake well.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 4:14:

(biblical) The elder brother of Moses in the Book of the Exodus, and in the Quran.


agony

en-noun

agony (countable and uncountable, plural agonies)

14th century, via Old French and Latin from Ancient Greek ἀγωνία (agōnía, “emulation, competition, struggle”), from ἀγών (agṓn, “contest”). Specifically of the struggle that precedes death (mortal agony) from the 1540s.
The sense of "extreme pain" from c. 1600.

der

And being in an agonie, he prayed more earneſtly,[…].

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 22:44, column 1:

(biblical) The sufferings of Jesus Christ in the garden of Gethsemane.

tuska

Bible: sufferings of Jesus Christ in the garden of Gethsemane


amen

Inherited from Middle English amen, from Old English āmen, from Ecclesiastical Latin āmēn, from Ancient Greek ἀμήν (amḗn), from Biblical Hebrew אָמֵן (ʾāmēn, “certainly, verily”) (cognate with Arabic آمِينَ (ʔāmīna), Classical Syriac ܐܡܝܢ (ʾāmên)). In Old English, it was used only at the end of the Gospels. Elsewhere, it was translated as sōþlīċe! (“truly”, “indeed!”), swā hit is (“so it is”), and sīe! (“[so] be it!”).

Iesvs anſvvered, Amen, Amen I ſay to thee, Vnles a man be borne againe of vvater and the Spirit, he can not enter into the kingdom of God.

1582, English College of Rheims, transl., The New Testament of Jesus Christ, John 3:5, page 222:


ICR

Institute for Creation Research
w:Institute for Creation Research

(creationism) Initialism of Institute for Creation Research.


resurrection

en-noun

resurrection (countable and uncountable, plural resurrections)

/ɹɛzəˈɹɛkʃən/

/ɹɛzəˈɹɛkʃn̩/

From Anglo-Norman resurrectiun, from Old French resurrection (French: résurrection), from Late Latin resurrectionem (accusative of resurrectiō) from Latin resurgō (“I rise again”), from re- (“again”), + surgō (“I rise”). Displaced native Old English ǣrist.

But the rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection.
Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection: on such the second death hath no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 20:5–6:

(Christianity, Islam, Judaism) The general resurrection.


Jesus Christ

From Middle English Jesu Crist, Jesus Crist, from Latin Iēsūs Chrīstus, equivalent to Jesus + Christ.

Almighty God, give us the grace that we may cast away the works of darkness, and put upon us the armour of light, now in the time of this mortal life (in which thy son Jesus Christ came to visit us in great humility;)

1681, Church of England, The book of common prayer:

(Christianity, Islam, Baháʼí) Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman (commonly understood to have been a carpenter, see Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”)) from Galilee, held to be a prophet, teacher and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity. Also held to be a prophet in Islam and the Baháʼí Faith.

ܝܶܫܽܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ

Yešūʿ M'šīḥāʿ

ܝܼܫܘܿܥ ܡܫܝܼܚܵܐ

Īšōʿ M'šīḥāʿ

ܝܶܫܽܘܥ ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ

Yešūʿ M'šīḥōʿ

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints


antediluvian

en-adj

antediluvian (comparative more antediluvian, superlative most antediluvian)

more antediluvian (comparative)
most antediluvian (superlative)
antedeluvian (alternative)

PIE word
 *dwís
From ante- (prefix meaning ‘prior to in time’) + Latin dīluvium (“a flood”) + -an (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives; and forming agent nouns), referring the story of Noah’s Ark, through which God rescues Noah, his family, and examples of all the world’s animals from the great flood, which is related in Genesis 6–9 of the Bible. Dīluvium is derived from dīluō (“to wash away”) (from dis- (prefix meaning ‘apart, asunder, in two’) + lavō (“to wash”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewh₃- (“to wash”))) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns). The English word is analyzable as ante- + diluvian.
Sense 2 (“long extinct”) is from the fact that such animals and plants were originally believed to have perished in the biblical flood referred to above.

affix

[P]erhaps ſome perſons might outlive Methuſelah; the Text intending onely the maſculine line of Seth, conduceable unto the Genealogy of our Saviour, and the antediluvian Chronology.

1646, Thomas Browne, “Of Methuselah”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], London: […] T[homas] H[arper] for Edward Dod, […], →OCLC, 7th book, pages 343–344:

For Noah, vvho had no doubt preach'd againſt the Vices of the Antediluvian VVorld, and againſt Drunkenneſs among the reſt, muſt certainly knovv the Uſe of the Vine, and the Abuſe of it too; hovv elſe did he come to plant it at all, and to preſs the Juice out for Drinking it at all?

1727, [Daniel Defoe], “Of what Shapes the Devil Assum’d in His First Appearances to the Magicians, and Others, in the First Ages of the World; and whether He is, or has been,, Allow’d to Assume a Human Shape, or No”, in A System of Magick; or, A History of the Black Art. […], London: […] J. Roberts […], →OCLC, page 95:

The great Egyptian age is but a remnant of the Atlantean culture / The antediluvian kings colonized the world / All the gods who play in the mythological dramas / In all legends from all lands were from fair Atlantis

1968 November, Donovan Leitch (lyrics and music), “Atlantis”, in Barabajagal, performed by Donovan, New York, N.Y.: Epic Records, →OCLC:

(biblical) Belonging or pertaining to, or existing in, the time prior to the great flood described in Genesis, or (by extension) to a great or destructive flood or deluge described in other mythologies.

անդրջրհեղեղյան

belonging or pertaining to, or existing in, the time prior to the great flood described in Genesis

անդրջրհեղեղյան

belonging or pertaining to, or existing in, the time prior to a great or destructive flood or deluge described in other mythologies


antediluvian

(biblical) A person who lived in the time prior to the great flood described in Genesis, especially one of the biblical patriarchs.


Semitic

From Semite + -ic (18th century), from German semitisch, from Ancient Greek Σήμ (Sḗm), from the Hebrew שֵׁם (Šēm, “Shem”), the name of the eldest son of Noah in biblical tradition (Genesis 5.32, 6.10, 10.21), considered the forefather of the Semitic peoples. Perhaps derived from Akkadian 𒈬 (šumu, literally “name" or "son”). The word was coined and first applied to the Semitic languages by August Ludwig von Schlözer in 1781.

uder

semitic (alternative)
Shemitic (alternative)
shemitic (alternative)

Of or pertaining to the Semites; of or pertaining to one or more Semitic peoples.

(biblical) Of or pertaining to the descendants of Shem, the eldest of three sons of Noah.


Thomas

en-proper noun

Thomas (countable and uncountable, plural Thomases)

→ Hawaiian: Kamaki

→ Maori: Tāmati

→ Scottish Gaelic: Tòmas

Thomas of Bayeux
Thomas the Presbyter
Thomas the Slav

Inherited from Middle English Thomas, from Latin Thōmās m (as in the Vulgate), from Ancient Greek Θωμᾶς m (Thōmâs), the Biblical Greek transcription of Aramaic תאומא or תאמא (“twin”), the nickname of one of the Twelve Apostles.
In the gospel of John (11:16, 20:24), the Aramaic nickname is also translated into Greek, as δίδυμος m (dídumos). Used as a given name since the Middle Ages, e.g. Thomas the Presbyter (7th century), Thomas the Slav (8th century), Thomas of Bayeux (died 1100).
(infidel or doubter): In reference to the doubting Apostle.

A number of places in the United States:

A number of townships in the United States, listed under Thomas Township.


Joseph

Joseph (countable and uncountable, plural Josephs)

→ Maori: Hohepa

From Middle English Ioseph, ultimately from Biblical Hebrew יוֹסֵף (Yoséf, literally “(God) shall add”); a son of Jacob.

der

Now Israel loved Joseph more than all his children, because he was the son of his old age: and he made him a coat of many colours.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 37:3:

A few shocks of corn in a corner of the fallow stood up as if alive; she imagined them bowing; perhaps her son would be a Joseph.

1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter 2, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:

(biblical) Eleventh and favorite son of Jacob, by his wife Rachel.


Tower of Babel

(biblical) A tower erected at Babel by the descendants of Noah's son Ham to reach the sky, and whose completion God thwarted by making the workers speak different languages so that they were unable to understand one another.


Martha

* From Latin Martha, from Ancient Greek Μάρθα (Mártha), from Aramaic מָרְתָא (mārtā, “mistress”), feminine of מרא (mārā). Doublet of Marfa.
* (humidity chamber): From the use of Martha Stewart-branded storage closets in the construction of early units.

They wanted to call her Helen, but I did put my foot down there. Knowing what her mother and father looked like! I tried hard for Martha or Dorcas or something sensible - but it was no good - waste of breath.

1947, Agatha Christie, The Labours of Hercules:

A female given name from Aramaic of biblical origin.


Paul

From Latin Paulus, from paulus (“small”). Doublet of Pablo and Paolo.

An unincorporated community in Conecuh County, Alabama, United States, named after Paul the Apostle.

A city in Minidoka County, Idaho, United States.

An unincorporated community in Otoe County, Nebraska, United States.

St Buryan, Lamorna and Paul
St Buryan, Lamorna and Paul

A village south of Newlyn in Penzance parish, south-west Cornwall, England (OS grid ref SW4627). The civil parish of Paul (abolished 2021) did not include the village in latter years, and is now included in St Buryan, Lamorna and Paul.


kike

Thought to be from Yiddish קײַקל (kaykl, “circle”). In the early 20th century, non-English-speaking Jews that immigrated to the United States would sign papers with a circle as opposed to a more common X. The latter symbol was associated by these Jews with the Christian cross, a symbol that represented to them millennia of persecution. This is the dominant etymological theory, but there are others, in particular a contraction from the documented phrase ‘Ikey-Kikey’, an American-origin reduplication of Ikey, British-English pejorative for Jews after the prevalence of the name Isaac.

"Now you quit kidding me! What's the nice little name?" "Oh, it ain't so darn nice. I guess it's kind of kike. But my folks ain't kikes. My papa's papa was a nobleman in Poland, and there was a gentleman in here one day, he was kind of a count or something--"

(US, offensive, ethnic slur, religious slur) A Jew.


senior

From Middle English senior, from Latin senior (“older”), comparative form of senex (“old”); see senate. Doublet of seigneur, seignior, senhor, señor, senyor, signore, sir, and sire.

doublet

Then Peter full of the holy gooſt ſayd vnto them. Ye ruelars of the people / and ſeniours of iſrahel[…].

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Acts :[8], folio clviij, recto:

(obsolete, biblical) An elder or presbyter in the early Church.


Abilene

(biblical) A region of Syria south and southeast of Damascus.


Abner

From Hebrew אבנר (Abner, “father of light”). From אָב (av, “father”) + נור (nur, “light”).

And when Saul saw David go forth against the Philistine, he said unto Abner, the captain of the host, Abner, whose son is this youth? And Abner said, As thy soul liveth, O king, I cannot tell.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Samuel 17:55:

(biblical) A cousin of Saul mentioned in the Old Testament.


Beelzebub

First attested as Old English Belzebub, from Latin Beelzebūb, the Vulgate's form of Ancient Greek Βεελζεβούλ (Beelzeboúl), from Hebrew בעל זבוב (ba‘al-z'vúv, “fly-lord”), mentioned in 2 Kings chapter 1 as “the god of Ekron”.

der

Baalzebub (alternative)
Belzebuth (alternative)
Beëlzebub (alternative)
Beelzebul (alternative)

But when the Phariſees heard it, they ſaid, This fellow doeth not caſt out deuils, but by Beelzebub the prince of the deuils.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 12:24, column 1:

(biblical) A Canaanite deity worshipped at Ekron.

Mamma mia, let me go / Beelzebub has a devil put aside for me, for me, for me!

1975, Freddie Mercury (lyrics and music), “Bohemian Rhapsody”, in A Night at the Opera, performed by Queen:

𐔱𐔴𐔾𐔵𐔴𐔱𐕒𐕡𐔾

a Semitic deity, another name for the Devil


gentile

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-gentile.wav

Borrowed from French gentil (“gentile”), from Latin gentīlis (“of or belonging to the same people or nation”), morphologically from gēns (“clan; tribe; people, family”) + adjective suffix -īlis (“-ile”). Doublet of gentle, genteel, jaunty, and Gentoo. See also gens, gender, genus, and generation.

doublet

This ſhall bring down the Judgment upon Rome, preſently after the Appearance of Antichriſt: and as upon Rome, ſo alſo upon all the Gentile Chriſtians, who have a Name to live but are dead, being fallen away from their Firſt Love and Faith, and ſo having made themſelves Veſſels fit for Deſtruction, when this ſore Judgment ſhall go forth.

1711, [John Hildrop], “The Preface”, in A Treatise of the Three Evils of the Last Times: […], London: Printed by M. J. for R[obert] Knaplock […], R. and J. Bonwicke […], and H. Clements […], →OCLC, pages lxxiv–lxxv:

If we read the Epistles of St. Paul, we shall soon discover what efforts the Jewish converts made to bring the Gentile converts into the observance of every Jewish custom compatible with christianity:^([sic]) and as we do not discover in those Epistles any traces of a dispute on this head between the Jewish and Gentile converts, we may fairly conclude that the Gentile converts adopted without hesitation the time-honoured manner of praising the true God made use of by the Jewish converts, instead of the Pagan mode of singing, which was then associated in their minds with every thing unclean and abominable.

1847, William Kelly, “Introduction”, in A Grammar of Gregorian, or Plain Chant Music, London: Thomas Richardson and Son, […], →OCLC, pages 11–12:

Down in the workshop all the elves were makin' toys
For the good gentile girls and the good gentile boys

1996, "Weird Al" Yankovic (lyrics and music), “The Night Santa Went Crazy”, in Bad Hair Day:

There is further evidence of the fact that both Romans and the Herodians distinguished Jewish from Gentile areas and treated them differently. Herod did not produce pagan coins, bearing an image of Augustus or himself, but rather good Jewish coins. It is noteworthy that he built numerous pagan buildings, including temples honouring Augustus and an amphitheater for Greek games, and he donated gymnasia to territories that he did not govern: […] But (and this is a very big "but") he put none of these Gentile/pagan buildings in the Jewish parts of his domain.

2001, E[d] P[arish] Sanders, “Jesus in Galilee”, in Doris Donnelly, editor, Jesus: A Colloquium in the Holy Land, New York, N.Y., London: Continuum International Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 14:


gentile

Yea farther, ſo glorious, and raviſhing were the firſt dawnings of Goſpel light, which brought ſuch glad tidings of Salvation to Mankind, as that not only the Jews, but alſo ſome ſober minded, inquiſitive Gentiles rejoyced in this Light for a ſeaſon […] who yet never had a through work of Converſion on their hearts: […]

1671, Theophilus Gale, “Of the Academicks, and New Platonicks of Alexandria”, in The Court of the Gentiles: or, A Discourse Touching the Original of Human Literature, both Philologie, and Philosophie, from the Scriptures, and Jewish Church: […], part II (Of Philosophie), Oxford: Printed by Will[iam] Hall, for Tho[mas] Gilbert, →OCLC, book III, page 253:

If a Jew cheated a Gentile one sixth in the purchase or in the sale of any commodity, the Gentile was without remedy; not so if a Gentile imposed on a Jew to the same amount. Theft likewise by a Gentile from a Jew was death, not so if the parties were changed: and the same odious injustice they manifested in their law on homicide. […] it is rather extraordinary, that Plato should say, the penalty for the death of a native and of a foreigner should be different.

1810, George Ensor, “What Should Disqualify Persons from Being Electors or Representatives”, in On National Government, … In Two Volumes, volume II, London: Printed for J[oseph] Johnson, […]; for the benefit of the Literary Fund, →OCLC, pages 32–33:


Hannah

en-proper noun

Hannah (countable and uncountable, plural Hannahs)

From previous romanizations of Hebrew חַנָּה (Ḥannâ), chiefly for the mother of Samuel, from חַנָּה (ḥannâ, “grace, gracious, graced with child”). As a Wren with the Royal Marines, after Hannah Snell (1723–1792) who disguised herself as a man to serve in the British military. Doublet of Ann, Anne, Anna, and Ana.

Then said Elkanah her husband to her, Hannah, why weepest thou? and why eatest thou not? and why is thy heart grieved? am I not better to thee than ten sons?

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Samuel 1:8:

(biblical) Mother of the prophet Samuel in the Old Testament.


Peter

en-prop

Peter (countable and uncountable, plural Peters)

From Middle English Peter, from Old English Petrus, from Latin Petrus, from Ancient Greek Πέτρος (Pétros), from πέτρος (pétros, “stone, rock”). Doublet of Pedro, Piers, and Boutros.

(biblical) The epistles of Peter in the New Testament of the Bible, 1 Peter and 2 Peter attributed to St. Peter.


conservative

en-adj

conservative (comparative more conservative, superlative most conservative)

more conservative (comparative)
most conservative (superlative)

From Middle French conservatif, from Latin cōnservō (“to preserve”). Equivalent to conserve + -ative.

Conservative Judaism
Conservative Judaism

(Judaism) Relating to Conservative Judaism.


omer

omers (plural)
gomer (alternative)
Omer (alternative)

From Biblical Hebrew עומר / עֹמֶר ('ómer, “sheaf”).

...that Omer which was every mans daily portion of Manna, is computed to have bin more then might have well suffic'd the heartiest feeder thrice as many meals.

And it came to pass, that on the sixth day they gathered twice as much bread, two omers for one man: and all the rulers of the congregation came and told Moses.

(historical units of measure) A former small Hebrew unit of dry volume equal to about 2.3 L or 2.1 quarts.

(Judaism) The sheaf of barley offered on the second day of Passover.


omer

(Judaism) The counting of the omer, that is, the period of 49 days between Passover and Shavuot.


Chumash

From Yiddish חומש (khumesh), from Hebrew חוּמָשׁ (khumásh), from חֲמִישָּׁה (khamishá, “five”).


Adam

Adams (plural)
Adams (alternative)
Adams (alternative)
McAdam (alternative)
McAdams (alternative)
McCaw (alternative)
MacAdam (alternative)
MacAdams (alternative)
MacCaw (alternative)

From Middle English Adam, from Old English Adam, from Latin Adam, Adamus, from Ancient Greek Ἀδάμ (Adám), Ἄδαμος (Ádamos), from Biblical Hebrew אָדָם (adam, “earth, man, soil, light brown”), from אדמה (adamah, “red earth, ground”).

And so it is written: The first man Adam was made a liuing soule, the last Adam was made a quickening spirit.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Corinthians 15:45:

Second Adam from above,
Reinstate us in thy love.

1739, Charles Wesley, Hark! the Herald Angels Sing:

(with second or last) Jesus Christ, whose sacrifice, in Christian theology, makes possible the forgiveness of Adam's original sin.


part

desc

→ Cantonese: part (paat¹), parts (paat¹ si²) (from the plural noun form)

→ Japanese: パート (pāto), パーツ (pātsu) (from the plural noun form)

From Middle English part, from Old English part (“part”) and Old French part (“part”); both from Latin partem, accusative of pars (“piece, portion, share, side, party, faction, role, character, lot, fate, task, lesson, part, member”), from Proto-Indo-European *par-, *per- (“to sell, exchange”). Akin to Latin portiō (“a portion, part”), parāre (“to make ready, prepare”). Displaced Middle English del, dele (“part”) (from Old English dǣl (“part, distribution”) > Modern English deal (“portion; amount”)), Middle English dale, dole (“part, portion”) (from Old English dāl (“portion”) > Modern English dole), Middle English sliver (“part, portion”) (from Middle English sliven (“to cut, cleave”), from Old English (tō)slifan (“to split”)).

noncog

(Judaism) In the Hebrew lunisolar calendar, a unit of time equivalent to 3⅓ seconds.


avel

avels (plural)
avelim (plural)
ovel (alternative)


mohel

en-noun

mohel (plural mohels or mohelim or mohalim)

mohels (plural)
mohelim (plural)
mohalim (plural)

From Hebrew מוֹהֵל (mohél), but the common pronunciations are borrowed via Yiddish מוהל (moyel).

(Judaism) The person who performs the circumcision in a Jewish bris.


Jewess

From Middle English Jewesse, from Old French juiesse, juise; equivalent to Jew + -ess.

And the prominent, if not indeed the principal, part in the system of terrorism applied by the Extraordinary Commissions for Combating Counter-Revolution has been taken by Jews, and in some notable cases by Jewesses.

1920, Winston Churchill, Zionism versus Bolshevism:

To whom did Ivanhoe tip his lance in gallantry today?
To a Jewess named Rebecca, daughter of Isaac, the banker of his tribe.
What could he want of the Jews except money for the ransom?

As for Wahram V (Gur), the Zoroastrian Persians could see him as a legitimate ruler and the Jews would see him as a Jewish king. After all, he was Jewish since his mother was a Jewess.

2009, Touraj Daryaee, Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire, London: I.B.Tauris, →ISBN, page 78:

You really are a high-class Jewess, lemme tell ya.

2015, Lucia Aniello, Paul W. Downs, Knockoffs (Broad City), season 2, episode 4, spoken by Bobbi Wexler (Susie Essman), via Comedy Central:


Mary

Marys (plural)
Maries (plural)
Marie (alternative)

→ Cantonese: Mary

→ Cebuano: Mary, Marie

→ Danish: Mary

→ Faroese: Marý

→ Hawaiian: Mele, Mere

→ Japanese: マリー (Marī)

desc

→ Mandarin: 瑪麗 /玛丽 (Mǎlì), 瑪莉 /玛莉 (Mǎlì), 瑪利 /玛利 (Mǎlì)

→ Manx: Mayree

→ Maori: Mere, Meri

→ Norwegian: Mary

→ Scottish Gaelic: Màiri

→ Swedish: Mary

→ Tahitian: Mere

→ Tok Pisin: meri

→ Thai: แมรี (mɛɛ-rii)

From Middle English Marie, from Old French Marie, from Latin Maria, from Ancient Greek Μαρία (María), Μαριάμ (Mariám), from Aramaic מַרְיָם (maryām) or Biblical Hebrew מִרְיָם (miryām), of uncertain meaning (see the Hebrew entry for more). Doublet of Miriam, Marie, Maria, and Mariah.

Maria

Mary, mother of Jesus — see also Madonna, Mother of God, Our Lady, Queen of Heaven, Saint Mary, Theotokos, Virgin Mary
Note: Translations for Mary's various titles and appellations should go in the respective entries.

Now the birth of Jeſus Chriſt was on this wiſe: When as his mother Mary was eſpouſed to Joſeph (before they came together) ſhee was found with childe of the holy Ghoſt.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 1:18, column 2:

(religion) The mother of Jesus, believed in Christianity and Islam to have been a virgin at his birth, and believed by some Christians to have been born herself without sin, to have ascended to Heaven without death, and to act as a sympathetic intermediary for believers.

(biblical) Any of several other women in the New Testament, notably:

And Jeſus anſwered, and ſaide vnto her, Martha, Martha, thou art carefull, and troubled about many things: But one thing is needefull, and Mary hath choſen that good part, which ſhall not bee taken away from her.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 10:41–42, column 1:

Mary of Bethany, the sister of Lazarus and Martha.


John the Baptist

From Middle English Johan þe Babtis, from Latin Iōannēs Baptista.

In those daies came Iohn the Baptist, preaching in the wildernesse of Iudea, And saying, Repent yee: for the kingdome of heauen is at hand.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 3:1–2:

A New Testament prophet who baptized Jesus and was subsequently executed by Herod Antipas.


circumcision

en-noun

circumcision (countable and uncountable, plural circumcisions)

/ˌsɜː(ɹ)kəmˈsɪʒən/

From Latin circumcīsiō, from circumcīdō (“cut around”), from circum (“about, around; through”) + caedō (“cut, hew”).

The surgical excision of the foreskin and usually all or most of the penile frenulum.

(modern Judaism, usually specifically) Pharisaic circumcision.


Michal

And as the Arke of the Lord came into the citie of Dauid, Michal Sauls daughter looked through a window, and saw king Dauid leaping and dauncing before the Lord, and she despised him in her heart.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Samuel 6:16:

(biblical) A daughter of Saul and wife of David in the Old Testament.


David

en-proper noun

David (countable and uncountable, plural Davids)

From Middle English David, Davyd, Davyde, from Old English Dauid, David, from Latin David, Davidus, from Koine Greek Δαυίδ (Dauíd), Δαβίδ (Dabíd), borrowed from Biblical Hebrew דּוד (Dāwîḏ, literally “beloved”).

der

David the son of Jesse said, and the man who was raised up on high, the anointed of the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel, said, The Spirit of the LORD spake by me, and his word was in my tongue.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Samuel 23:1-2:

Some devout Christians are among the most fervent advocates of the death penalty, contradicting Jesus Christ and misinterpreting Holy Scriptures and numerous examples of mercy. We remember God’s forgiveness of Cain, who killed Abel, and the adulterer King David, who arranged the killing of Uriah, the husband of Bathsheba, his lover.

2014, Jimmy Carter, “Full Prisons and Legal Killing”, in A Call to Action: Women, Religion, Violence, and Power, Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 39:

(biblical) The second king of Judah and Israel, the successor of King Saul in the Old Testament; the son of Jesse and the father of Nathan and King Solomon.


Sodom

Partially from Old English Sodome, Sodoma, partially from Ancient Greek Σόδομα (Sódoma), from the Biblical Hebrew סְדֹם (s'dóm).
(Wadham College): Chosen for the rhyme.

(biblical, Quranic) A city in the Middle East which, according to the Bible and Islamic tradition, but not specifically named in the Qur'an, was destroyed by God (along with Gomorrah) for the sins of its inhabitants.


Saul

From Hebrew שָׁאוּל (shaúl, “asked for”). Doublet of Silas, which derived from Aramaic.

And it came to paſſe, when the euill ſpirit from God was vpon Saul, that Dauid tooke an harpe, and played with his hand: So Saul was refreſhed, and was well, and the euill ſpirit departed from him.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Samuel 16:23, column 2:

(biblical) The first king of Israel in the Old Testament.


James

en-prop

James (countable and uncountable, plural Jameses)

⇒ English: Jim (diminutive)

⇒ English: Jimmy, Jimmie, Jimmi, Jimi (diminutive)

⇒ English: Jimbo (diminutive)

→ Hindi: जिम्बो (jimbo)

→ Hawaiian: Kimo

⇒ English: Jem (diminutive)

⇒ English: Jemmy (diminutive)

⇒ English: Jamie, Jamey (diminutive)

⇒ English: Jay (diminutive)

desc

→ Chinese: 詹姆斯 (Zhānmǔsī) (transliteration)

→ Cornish: Jammes, Jamma

→ Danish: James

→ Fijian: Semesa

→ Icelandic: James

desctree

→ Irish: Séamas, Séamus, Seumas
→ English: Seamus, Shamus

→ Manx: Jayms

→ Maori: Hemi

→ Samoan: Semisi

→ Scottish Gaelic: Seumas
→ English: Hamish

→ Swedish: James

→ Welsh: Siâms

The English New Testament form of Jacob, from Middle English James, from Old French James, from Vulgar Latin Iacomus, spoken and altered pronunciation of Latin Iacobus, from Ancient Greek Ἰάκωβος (Iákōbos), from Ἰακώβ (Iakṓb), from Hebrew יַעֲקֹב (Yaʿăqōḇ). Doublet of Jacques, Jacob, Iago, Jago, Yago, Hamish, Seamus, and Santiago. In reference to the Ecuadorian island, a modification of the earlier name Duke of York's Island after its eponymous duke's coronation as James II of England.
See Occitan Jacme for an intermediary between Old French James and Catalan Jaume.

der

Hebrew יַעֲקֹב (Yaʿăqōḇ)

doublet

(biblical) The twentieth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the general epistle of James.


Jacob

From Middle English Iacob, from Late Latin Iācōbus, from Ancient Greek Ἰάκωβος (Iákōbos), from Biblical Hebrew יַעֲקֹב (yaʿăqōḇ, literally “he will/shall heel”), from עָקֵב (ʿāqēḇ, “heel”). Doublet of James.

der

And the boyes grew; and Eſau was a cunning hunter, a man of the fielde: and Iacob was a plaine man, dwelling in tents.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 25:27, column 2:

(biblical) One of the sons of Isaac and Rebecca, and twin brother of Esau; father of the Israelites (Jews and Samaritans) by 12 sons by 4 consorts, most famously Judah and Joseph who fathered Manasseh; was renamed to Israel.


seder

en-noun

seder (plural seders or sedarim or sidarim or siddarim)

seders (plural)
sedarim (plural)
sidarim (plural)
siddarim (plural)

Borrowed from Hebrew סדר (seder, “order”).

On the same day, the State of Israel celebrated its first Passover seder and the United Nations, still meeting in those days at Flushing Meadow in Queens, voted to consider the Jewish state's application for membership.

2010, Christopher Hitchens, Hitch-22, Atlantic, published 2011, page 332:

(Judaism) The ceremonial meal held on the first night or two nights of Passover.

seder

ceremonial meal held on the first night of Passover

(Judaism) One of the 54 parts into which the Torah is divided.


Togarmah

From Biblical Hebrew תּוֹגַרְמָה (tōḡarmā).

They of the house of Togarmah traded in thy fairs with horses and horsemen and mules.

(biblical) A grandson of Japheth in the Old Testament; traditional ancestor of Armenians, sometimes also of Georgians.


creationist

A proponent or supporter of creationism.


creationist

en-adj

creationist (comparative more creationist, superlative most creationist)

more creationist (comparative)
most creationist (superlative)


chuppah

en-noun

chuppah (plural chuppahs or chuppot or chuppoth)

chuppahs (plural)
chuppot (plural)
chuppoth (plural)
chupa (alternative)
chupah (alternative)
chuppa (alternative)
hupah (alternative)
huppah (alternative)

bor

חופה \ חֻפָּה

Hebrew חופה \ חֻפָּה (ḥuppâ)

The dveykut that accompanied the groom as he walked down the aisle to the chupah was truly inspirational.

2017, Velvel Pasternak, Behind the Music, Stories, Anecdotes, Articles and Reflections, page 116:

Everyone was standing under a kind of thatched chuppa. Parts of the concrete structure still stained wet from the day before.

2020, Emily Segal, Mercury Retrograde, New York: Deluge Books, →ISBN:

(Judaism) The canopy over a Jewish couple during their marriage ceremony.

(Judaism, figuratively) A marriage ceremony, wedding.


chai

Chai (alternative)
Hai (alternative)
hai (alternative)

Borrowed from Hebrew חַי (kháy, “alive”).

bor+

Nothing hangs on the walls, though a stained-glass Hebrew chai leans against the window.

1995 May 21, Steven Levy, “The Unabomber and David Gelernter”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Today, he [Drake] wears a diamond-studded Chai, a symbol of the Jewish word for life, and has his mother pressuring him to marry "a nice Jewish girl," according to Heeb magazine.

2011 February 18, Mark Marino, “Kosher beef between two rappers”, in CNN, archived from the original on 2023-02-01:

(Judaism) A Jewish symbol representing life, traditionally worn as an amulet.


Miriam

From Hebrew מִרְיָם (Miryam), possibly from Aramaic מרים (Maryām, “bitter”), from a root מר (m-r) meaning "to be bitter". The meaning of this name which is the Old Testament equivalent of Mary has been debated for centuries. Some other explanations are mutiny / rebellion / disobedience from a root מרי (m-r-y).

And Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a timbrel in her hand; and all the women went out after her with timbrels and with dances.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 15:20:

(biblical) The sister of Moses and Aaron and the daughter of Amram and Jochebed.


Leah

And Laban had two daughters: the name of the elder was Leah, and the name of the younger was Rachel. Leah was tender eyed; but Rachel was beautiful and well-favoured.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 29:16-17::

(biblical) The elder daughter of Laban, sister to Rachel, and first wife of Jacob.


Rachel

From Late Latin Rāchēl, from Ancient Greek Ῥαχήλ (Rhakhḗl), from Biblical Hebrew רָחֵל (rāḫēl, “ewe”). Doublet of Raquel.

Rachael (alternative)
Rachelle (alternative)
Rach (alternative)

And Laban had two daughters: the name of the elder was Leah, and the name of the younger was Rachel. Leah was tender eyed; but Rachel was beautiful and well favoured. And Jacob loved Rachel; and said, I will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy younger daughter.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 29:16–18:

(biblical) Younger daughter of Laban, sister to Leah, and second wife of Jacob.


yarmulke

yarmulkes (plural)
yarmalka (alternative)
yarmalke (alternative)
yarmelka (alternative)
yarmelke (alternative)
yarmulka (alternative)
yamacha (alternative)
yermulke (alternative)
yamaka (alternative)
yamalka (alternative)
yamalke (alternative)
yamelka (alternative)
yamelke (alternative)
yamilke (alternative)
yamuka (alternative)
yamulka (alternative)
yamulke (alternative)

Borrowed from Yiddish יאַרמלקע (yarmlke), from Polish jarmułka (“skullcap”).

And I always feel uncomfortable during the High Holy Days watching people in yarmulkes rushing through the streets, knowing they’ll be swaying and moaning something ancient and indecipherable, even to me.

1991 October 1, Richard Goldstein, “The New Anti-Semitism: A Geshrei”, in Village Voice, page 33:

But once Dr. Levenson, who works for the Indian Health Service and wears a colorful tapestry yarmulke, has alerted the tiny network, it almost seems as if we have stepped into Yiddishland.

2007 April 29, Patricia Cohen, “The Frozen Dozen”, in New York Times:

(Judaism) A skullcap worn by religious Jewish males (especially during prayer).


beth hamidrash

From Hebrew בית (beyt, “house”) + ה־ (ha-, “the”) + מדרש (midrash, “Midrash”).

A Jewish house of study where the study of the Torah is undertaken.


genizah

en-noun

genizah (plural genizahs or genizot or genizoth)

genizahs (plural)
genizot (plural)
genizoth (plural)
geniza (alternative)

From Hebrew גְּנִיזָה (g'nizá, “archiving, preservation, storage; hiding; genizah”) (plural גְּנִיזוֹת (g'nizót)), from Old Persian *ganzam, from Old Median *ganǰam (“depository; treasure”).

der

The Cairo Genizah was discovered in 1896.

In the year 1870 the Russian Minister of Public Worship purchased from the well-known Karaite traveller and archaeologist Abraham Firkowitsch his collection of Samaritan MSS. for the Imperial Library of St. Petersburg. It consists almost exclusively of fragments, this circumstance arising from the fact that the collector during his stay in Nablus and Egypt completely ransacked the Samaritan Genizoth (that is to say, the garrets and cellars of the synagogues whither their worn-out books were conveyed), thus acquiring several fragments of Samaritan Pentateuch rolls— […]

1874, John W. Nutt, “Appendix I. The Collection of Samaritan MSS. at St. Petersburg.”, in A Sketch of Samaritan History, Dogma, and Literature, Published as an Introduction to “Fragments of a Samaritan Targum, Edited from a Bodleian MS.”, London: Trübner and Co., →OCLC, page 153:

Unfortunately, too, the fragment begins in the very middle of a sentence, as do most of these Genizah fragments. It is evident that the leaves come from a large volume, as each drug was numbered.

1935 January 15, R[ichard James Horatio] Gottheil, “A Fragment on Pharmacy from the Cairo Genizah”, in The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland: With which are Incorporated the Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, part I, London: Published by the Society, 74 Grosvenor Street, London, W. 1, →OCLC, page 124:

The rule of burying the old Scrolls which became spoiled or torn was in course of time extended to all Hebrew books which became torn or spoiled. This, indirectly, probably led to the well-known practice of having special places called Geniza, where such books were temporarily kept before being buried[…]. In almost all Jewish centers, there are Genizot in the synagogues—under the Bima, within the walls, or in the garrets. As the place grew overcrowded, the content was carried to the cemetery for burial.

1983, Jacob Z[allel] Lauterbach, “73. Ritual for Disposal of Damaged Sefer Torah (Vol. XXXIV, 9124, pp. 74–75)”, in Walter Jacob, editor, American Reform Responsa: Collected Responsa of the Central Conference of American Rabbis 1889–1983, New York, N.Y.: Central Conference of American Rabbis, →OCLC, page 243:

[A]ccording to Jewish law and practice, ritual objects which contained the name of God could not be thrown away or destroyed. The tradition was to treat these objects with great reverence. A place called a Genizah (from Persian, "ganoz," which means "treasury" or "hidden place") was created to house these ritual objects. […] A genizah, therefore, was a place of concealment. Sometimes this was a hidden cave; other times it was space between the stories of a building or a separate cupboard or small room with a small opening into which could be placed the remnants of books and manuscripts which contained the name of God. […] Often things placed in the genizah were destroyed over the years from mildew and erosion, but in certain climates they were preserved. Such was the case with a great genizah in old Cairo that was discovered by Professor Solomon Schechter. Schechter's discovery opened to modern Jewish scholarship thousands of pages of ancient manuscripts and original works that had been lost or not known to modern scholars.

2002, Stephen M. Brown, “Beginning Talmud Torah”, in Stephen Garfinkel, Karen L. Stein, editors, Reclaiming Our Legacy: The More Torah, the More Life, revised edition, New York, N.Y.: Department of Youth Activities, United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism, →OCLC, pages 110–111:

Originally Jewish law required only the words of Scripture to be stashed in genizahs, but over time the understanding of which texts were sacred often became far broader. Soon Jews were depositing rabbinic writings as well as scriptural ones into their genizahs. Later, they included any document even mentioning God and sometimes documents bearing any Hebrew at all. In fact, by the tenth century—particularly in the highly literate lands of the Middle East and North Africa—many Jews seem to have considered any document of any kind worthy of preservation in their genizah repositories.

2016, Mark Glickman, “Loading the Jewish Bookshelf”, in Stolen Words: The Nazi Plunder of Jewish Books, Philadelphia, Pa.: Published by the University of Nebraska Press as a Jewish Publication Society book, →ISBN, page 33:

(Jewish law) A depository where sacred Hebrew books or other sacred items that by Jewish law cannot be disposed of are kept before they can be properly buried in a cemetery.

جنيزا

depository where sacred Hebrew books, etc., are kept before being buried in a cemetery


clay

en-noun

clay (usually uncountable, plural clays)

soul

antonym(s) of “material of the human body”

From Middle English cley, clay, from Old English clǣġ (“clay”), from Proto-West Germanic *klaij, from Proto-Germanic *klajjaz (“clay”), from Proto-Indo-European *gley- (“to glue, paste, stick together”).
Cognate with Dutch klei (“clay”), Low German Klei (“clay”), German Klei, Danish klæg (“clay”); compare Ancient Greek γλία (glía), Latin glūten (“glue”) (whence ultimately English glue), Russian глина (glina, “clay”). Related also to clag, clog.

der

Thine hands have made me and fashioned me together round about...thou hast made me as the clay.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 10:8-9:

But now, O Lord, thou art our Father; we are the clay, and thou art our potter; and we are the work of thy hand.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 64:8:

(biblical) The material of the human body.


ark

→ Maori: āka

From Middle English arke, from Old English earc, ærc, from Latin arca (“chest, box, coffer”), from arceō (“I enclose”).

In the midrash about Noah it says that Noah had a stone which, when held up in the darkness of the ark, would change color when the sun was shining outside.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 201:

(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) Noah's ark: the ship built by Noah to save his family and a collection of animals from the deluge.

(Judaism) A decorated cabinet at the front of a synagogue, in which Torah scrolls are kept.


zealot

Initially only found as Middle English zelote, an epithet of Simon the Zealot, acquiring its current senses in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Middle English derives from Latin zēlōtēs, from Ancient Greek ζηλωτής (zēlōtḗs, “emulator, zealous admirer, follower”), from ζῆλος (zêlos, “zeal, jealousy”), from ζηλόω (zēlóō, “to emulate, to be jealous”).

(historical, Judaism) A member of a radical, warlike, ardently patriotic group of Jews in Judea, particularly prominent in the first century, who advocated the violent overthrow of Roman rule and vigorously resisted the efforts of the Romans and their supporters to convert the Jews.


Babel

From Latin Babel, from Biblical Hebrew בָּבֶל (bāḇel, “Babylon”), from Akkadian 𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠 (Bābilim); in Genesis associated with the idea of confusion. Doublet of Babylon.

Therefore is the name of it called Babel[…]

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 11:9, column 2:

(biblical) The city and tower in the land of Shinar where the confusion of languages took place, according to the Bible.


lien

And Abimelech said, What is this thou hast done vnto vs? one of the people might lightly haue lien with thy wife, and thou shouldest haue brought guiltinesse vpon vs.”

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 26:10:

And the Priest shall charge her by an othe, and say vnto the woman, If no man haue lyen with thee, and if thou hast not gone aside to vncleannesse with another in stead of thy husband, be thou free from this bitter water that causeth the curse.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Numbers 5:19:

(biblical, archaic) Alternative form of lain


shalom

Borrowed from Hebrew שָׁלוֹם (šālóm, “peace, well-being; Hello, good-bye”). Doublet of salaam, the same word via Arabic.

bor

(Judaism) A traditional Jewish greeting or farewell.

شَلُوم

transliteration of the Jewish greeting or farewell


shalom

en-noun

shalom (countable and uncountable, plural shaloms)


Torah

the Torah (canonical)
Toráh (alternative)
Torāh (alternative)
Tōrāh (alternative)

From Hebrew תּוֹרָה (tōrā, “instruction, law or teaching”).

der

Tradition holds that the Torah was handed down to Moses on Mount Sinai.

The first five books of the Hebrew Scriptures, traditionally attributed to Moses and therefore also known as the Five Books of Moses.

اَلتَّوْرَاة

the Five Books of Moses - the full body of Jewish law


antinomian

From Medieval Latin Antinomi, from Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “against”) + νόμος (nómos, “custom, law”).

"He was called by many persons an antinomian, though his life was exemplary."

1886, J. H. Thorpe, "John Brine" entry in Dictionary of National Biography:

(Christianity, Judaism) One who embraces, encourages, or practices antinomianism.

antinomisti

one who embraces, encourages, or practices antinomianism


offend

en-verb

offend (third-person singular simple present offends, present participle offending, simple past and past participle offended)

offends (present singular third-person)
offending (participle present)
offended (participle past)
offended (past)

From Middle French offendre, from Latin offendō (“strike, blunder, commit an offense”), from ob- (“against”) + *fendō (“strike”).

uder

"If any man offend not (stumbles not, is not tripped up) in word, the same is a perfect man."

1896, Adolphus Frederick Schauffler, Select Notes on the International Sunday School Lessons, W. A. Wilde company, page 161:

"If thine eye offend thee, pluck it out."

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 5:29:

(obsolete, transitive, archaic, biblical) To cause to stumble; to cause to sin or to fall.


proud

en-adj

proud (comparative prouder or more proud, superlative proudest or most proud)

prouder (comparative)
more proud (comparative)
proudest (superlative)
most proud (superlative)
prowd (alternative)

From Middle English proud, prout, prut, from Old English prūd, prūt (“proud, arrogant, haughty”) (compare Old English prȳtung (“pride”); prȳde, prȳte (“pride”)), probably from Old French prod, prud (“brave, gallant”) (modern French preux), from Late Latin prōde (“useful”), derived from Latin prōdesse (“to be of value”); however, the Old English umlaut derivatives prȳte, prȳtian, etc. suggest the word may be older and possibly native. Compare Old Norse prýði (“ornament; gallantry, bravery”). See also pride.
Cognate with German Low German praud, Old Norse prúðr (“gallant, brave, magnificent, stately, handsome, fine”) (Icelandic prúður, Middle Swedish prudh, Danish prud).

فَخُور

gratified, feeling honoured, feeling satisfied

嬉しい

happy, usually used with a sense of honour

Every one that is proud in heart is an abomination to the Lord: though hand ioyne in hand, he ſhall not be vnpuniſhed.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 16:5:

Death be not proud; though ſome have called thee / Mighty and dreadfull, for, thou art not foe, [...]

1609 February–August (date written), J[ohn] Donne, “[Holy Sonnets] Sonnet VI [Death Be Not Proud]”, in Poems, […] with Elegies on the Authors Death, London: […] M[iles] F[lesher] for Iohn Marriot, […], published 1633, →OCLC, page 35:

Godolphin Horne was Nobly Born; / He held the human race in scorn, / And lived with all his sisters where / His father lived, in Berkeley Square. / And oh! The lad was deathly proud! / He never shook your hand or bowed, / But merely smirked and nodded thus: / How perfectly ridiculous! / Alas! That such Affected Tricks / Should flourish in a child of six!

1907, Hilaire Belloc, Cautionary Tales for Children, Godolphin Horne Who was cursed with the Sin of Pride, and Became a Boot-Black:

(chiefly biblical) Having too high an opinion of oneself; arrogant, supercilious, prideful.

مَغْرُور

having a too high opinion of oneself; arrogant, supercilious, prideful


trope

Japanese: トロープ (torōpu)

Korean: 트로프 (teuropeu)

From Latin tropus, from Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos, “a manner, style, turn, way; a trope or figure of speech; a mode in music; a mode or mood in logic”), related to τροπή (tropḗ, “solstice; trope; turn”) and τρέπειν (trépein, “to turn”); compare turn of phrase. The verb is derived from the noun.

der

The Torah was chanted in a loud and strong voice so that all could hear. This cantillation of the Torah—trope—is shown by musical notation which serves grammatical and exegetical functions, ta'amay hamikra or ta'amay n'ginah. They put down in a final form an oral tradition that had been maintained for centuries. The Ashkenazim today have six systems of cantillation, each reflective of the texts and time of chanting. For example, on Tishah B'av the tunes are sad and doleful; on Purim the trope resembles a speedy narrative; the readings of Yamim Nora'im are quite majestic, and so on.

1985, Steven M. Brown, “The Languages of Prayer”, in Stephen Garfinkel, editor, Higher and Higher: Making Jewish Prayer Part of Us, Department of Youth Activities, United Synagogue of America, →OCLC, section 3 (The Language of Music), page 45:

The trope does not appear on the handwritten Torah scroll, but the assignment of notes for each word was fixed long ago and is accepted by Jewish communities around the world; the trope now appears in nearly every Jewish printed Bible. […] The symbols that signify the trope for the Hebrew text were introduced at the end of the 10th century of the Common Era.

2006, Sara E. Karesh, Mitchell M. Hurvitz, “trope”, in Encyclopedia of Judaism (Encyclopedia of World Religions), New York, N.Y.: Facts On File, Infobase Publishing, →ISBN, page 526, column 1:

(Judaism) A cantillation pattern, or one of the marks that represents it.

troop

music, Judaism: cantillation pattern or mark


eon

eons (plural)
aeon (alternative)
æon (alternative)

From Latin aeon, from Ancient Greek αἰών (aiṓn, “age, era”).

(Gnosticism, usually spelled aeon or æon) A spirit being emanating from the Godhead.


aeon

aeons (plural)
æon (alternative)
Aeon (alternative)
Æon (alternative)
aion (alternative)
Aion (alternative)

(Gnosticism) A spirit being emanating from the Godhead.


adultery

en-noun

adultery (countable and uncountable, plural adulteries)

With change of suffix, from the Old French adultere (“violation of conjugal faith”) (in Bernard of Clairvaux, Sermons, 12c.), a learnèd borrowing from Latin adulterium, from adulterō. Replaced the older form avoutrie, from the inherited Old French forms avouterie or aoulterie, while keeping its suffix. Compare French adultère (“adultery”). Displaced Old English ǣwbryċe. Not related to adult.

Thou shalt not commit adultery.

(biblical, loosely) Lewdness or unchastity of thought as well as act, as forbidden by the sixth/seventh commandment; sinful sexual behavior as a category.

زِنىً

lewdness or unchastity of thought as well as act, as forbidden by the seventh commandment

And it came to pass through the lightness of her whoredom, that she defiled the land, and committed adultery with stones and with stocks.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 3:9:

aviorikos

faithlessness in religion; as used in Jeremiah 3:9


Holy Land

(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) That part of the Middle East, consisting mostly of Israel and Palestine, in which most Biblical events are set.

اَلْأَرْض اَلْمُقَدَّسَة

that part of Asia in which most Biblical events are set


Adam and Eve

Cain and Abel were the sons of Adam and Eve.

Well, I spied me a girl and before she could leave / I said “Let’s go and play Adam and Eve”

1963, Bob Dylan (lyrics and music), “Talkin' World War III Blues”, in The Freewheelin' Bob Dylan:

In his own unique way, he was a radical—him and that sister of his, Lucida. Radicals with inbuilt longevity—a regular Adam and Eve who would add healthy genes to Earth's decaying gene pool.

2004, Paul Collins, The Earthborn, page 71:

The first man and woman, respectively, according to the Book of Genesis.

Adam en Eva

the first man and woman (according to Genesis)


Baal

en-proper noun

Baal (countable and uncountable, plural Baals or Baalim)

Baals (plural)
Baalim (plural)
Baʿal (alternative)
Ba'al (alternative)
Baʻl (alternative)

From Late Latin Baal (as in the Vulgate) and Ancient Greek Βάαλ (Báal); from Hebrew בַּעַל (bá`al, “lord, husband, owner”), Phoenician 𐤁𐤏𐤋 (bʿl, “lord, master, owner”) and Ugaritic 𐎁𐎓𐎍 (baʿlu, “lord, owner”), all from Proto-Semitic *baʿl- (“owner, lord, husband”).

der

(mythology, biblical) A storm and fertility god of the Phoenician and Canaanite pantheons, reckoned as chief of the gods by the 1st millennium BC.

(mythology, biblical, sometimes lowercase) Various other Baalim, understood as distinct patron gods or as local patron aspects the great god Baal.


Tetragrammaton

en-noun

Tetragrammaton (plural Tetragrammata or Tetragrammatons)

Tetragrammata (plural)
Tetragrammatons (plural)
tetragrammaton (alternative)

From Ancient Greek τετραγράμματον (tetragrámmaton, “four-letter word”), neuter gender of τετραγράμματος (tetragrámmatos, “having four letters”), formed from a combining form of τέτταρες (téttares, “four”) and γράμμα (grámma, “letter”).

uder

τετραγράμματον

The starting point of this discussion was Origen’s much-debated comment to Psalm 2:2 concerning the Tetragrammaton in “ancient” Hebrew characters. A very approximate terminus a quo for this practice in LXX texts is the first century b. c. e., the date of the Cairo Papyrus Fouad 266, a revision of the Greek Torah from the second century b. c. e., in which the Tetragrammata are written in square Hebrew characters.

1971, Jonathan P. Siegel, “The Employment of Palaeo-Hebrew Characters for the Divine Names at Qumran in the Light of Tannaitic Sources”, in Hebrew Union College Annual, volume 42, page 160:

The Tetragrammatons are written out in such a way that the names of single letters are inscribed.

According to to R. Nehemiah, the double Tetragrammaton is one of Metatron’s 70 names: In gematria the consonants YHWH WHYH amount to 52. The two Tetragrammata do not leave any doubt as to the divine nature of the entities referenced here.

2007, Moshe Idel, Ben: Sonship and Jewish Mysticism, Bloomsbury Academic, →ISBN, page 202:

A few coins and medals with Tetragrammata are found from the Netherlands at the end of the 16th century, but most are from the 17th century, with examples from Denmark, Sweden, and Switzerland, as well as proud towns in the Holy Roman Empire (Nuremberg, Hamburg, Magdeburg) and several from Saxony.

2015, Robert J. Wilkinson, “The Tetragrammaton in Vernacular Bibles, Popular Print, and Illustration”, in Tetragrammaton: Western Christians and the Hebrew Name of God: From the Beginnings to the Seventeenth Century, Leiden, S.H., Boston, Mass.: Brill, →ISBN, part 3 (The Rediscovery of the Name), page 377:

יהוה יהוה#Hebrew

(Judaism) The word in four Hebrew letters יהוה (in transliteration as YHWH or JHVH) used as the ineffable name of God in the Hebrew Bible, variously rendered as Yahweh or Jehovah.

քառագիր

the four Hebrew letters י-ה-ו-ה, used as the ineffable name of God

הַשֵּׁם הַמְפוֹרָשׁ m (haššēm hamfōrāš, literally “the explicit name”)


concordance

en-noun

concordance (countable and uncountable, plural concordances)

concordances (plural)
concordaunce (alternative)

From Old French concordance, from Late Latin concordantia.

c. 1857, Thomas Macaulay, "Paul Bunyan", contribution to the Encyclopaedia Britannica,
His knowledge of the Bible was such, that he might have been called a living concordance.

(chiefly biblical) An alphabetical verbal index showing the places in the text of a book where each principal word may be found, with its immediate context in each place.