BSc

Bachelor of Science
Bachelor of Science#English

(UK, Commonwealth, Ireland) Abbreviation of Bachelor of Science.


KERA

(US, education) Acronym of Kentucky Education Reform Act (1990).


hall

desc

→ Greek: χολ (chol), χωλ (chol), χωλλ (choll)

→ Japanese: ホール (hōru)

→ Korean: 홀 (hol)

→ Russian: холл (xoll)

Inherited from Middle English halle, from Old English heall (“hall, dwelling, house; palace, temple; law-court”), from Proto-West Germanic *hallu, from Proto-Germanic *hallō (“hall”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide, conceal”).
Cognate with Scots hall, haw (“hall”), Dutch hal (“hall”), German Halle (“hall”), Norwegian hall (“hall”), Swedish hall (“hall”), Icelandic höll (“palace”), Latin cella (“room, cell”), Sanskrit शाला (śā́lā, “house, mansion, hall”). Doublet of cell and cella.

cog

(Oxbridge slang) A meal served and eaten at a college's hall.


examination

en-noun

examination (countable and uncountable, plural examinations)

/ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃən/

/ɪɡˌzæməˈneɪʃən/

[ɪɡˌzɛəm.əˈneɪ.ʃn̩]

/ɪɡˌzæməˈnæɪʃən/

From Middle English examinacioun, from Old French examinacion, from Latin exāminātiō.
Morphologically examine + -ation

(education) A formal test involving answering written or oral questions under a time constraint and usually without access to textbooks; typically, a large, written test administered to high school and college students covering course material studied in a semester.


MIE

minimally invasive education
w:minimally invasive education

Initialism of minimally invasive education.


comp

In mid-April I took my comp test at the Mather AFB education office. Two weeks later I got a letter telling me I had passed my comp test on the first try.

2019, Kelly D. Harrison, Air Force Cop: An Autobiography, Dorrance Publishing, →ISBN, page 389:

(education) Clipping of comprehensive examination.

Although she got expelled from Pennington after three months and ended up at Broadmead, which is like this totally tough comp where they have to check you for weapons at the door.

2011, Joanna Nadin, Buttercup Mash, OUP Oxford, →ISBN:

comprehensive school
comprehensive school#English

(British, education) Clipping of comprehensive school.


forty minutes of hell

Reportedly coined by Arkansas Razorbacks coach Nolan Richardson.

(idiomatic, basketball) The NCAA strategy of playing a suffocating full-court press and aggressive offense for the entirety of a game.


cosh

There is no need here to digress on the advantages or otherwise of using a 'cosh' in schools […]

1959, Iona Opie, Peter Opie, The lore and language of schoolchildren, page 374:

Often, he walked around the room with the cosh in his hand, taking slashes at legs that happened to stray sideways […]

2019, John Loveday, The Boy from Rod Alley, page 115:


higher

(Scotland, education) A national school-leaving examination and university entrance qualification.


brute

From Middle French brut, from Old French brut, from Latin brūtus (“dull, stupid, insensible”), an Oscan loanword, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”). Cognate with Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús), Persian گران (gerân) and Sanskrit गुरु (gurú) (English guru).

der

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-bruit.wav

(archaic, UK, Cambridge University slang) One who has not yet matriculated.


extension

en-noun

extension (countable and uncountable, plural extensions)

From Middle English extensioun, from Old French estension, from Latin extensiō, extensiōnem.

(education) University programs that are targeted at the broader (usually adults) community whose participants are not full-time enrolled students.


inarticulation

inarticulation (countable and uncountable, plural inarticulations)

"Another traditional source of inarticulation is the requirement of an eighth-grade diploma for entrance to high school."

1937, Fred Engelhardt, Alfred Victor Overn, Secondary Education: Principles and Practices, page 124:

(education, US) Any point in the educational system in which the development of the individual is hindered.


secondary

en-adj

secondary (not generally comparable, comparative more secondary, superlative most secondary)

more secondary (comparative)
most secondary (superlative)

From Middle English secundarie, from Latin secundārius (“of the second class or quality”), from secundus (whence the English second) + -ārius (whence the English suffix -ary), equivalent to second + -ary; compare the French secondaire, the Italian secondario, the Occitan secundari, the Portuguese secundario, and the Spanish secundario.

der

English numerals#Ordinal numbers
secondary

(education) Related to secondary education, i.e. schooling between the ages of (approximately) 11 and 18.


secondary

There are four secondaries in this district, each with several thousand pupils.


shell

From Middle English schelle, from Old English sċiell, from Proto-West Germanic *skallju, from Proto-Germanic *skaljō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cleave”).
Compare West Frisian skyl (“peel, rind”), Dutch schil (“peel, skin, rink”), Low German Schell (“shell, scale”), Irish scelec (“pebble”), Latin silex (“pebble, flint”), siliqua (“pod”), Old Church Slavonic сколика (skolika, “shell”). More at shale.
Doublet of sheal.
* (computing): From being viewed as an outer layer of interface between the user and the operating-system internals.

cog

Chinese (Mandarin) is taught at Westminster from the Lower Shell as an optional subject.

2013, “Chinese (Mandarin)”, in Westminster School, retrieved 2023-12-04:

(British, education) One or more school grades within secondary education, at certain public schools.


transcript

[ˈtʃɹʷænskɹʷɪp̚t]

From Latin transcriptum, from transcribere.

The grading policy now specifies that all students enrolled before the spring 1982 semester in classes of less than 40 students will receive written evaluations, with either a nonletter grade (honors, pass or no credit) or a letter grade on their transcripts. Under the old system, the no-credit notation did not appear on the transcript.

1982 April 11, Timothy McDarrah, “THE LETTER-GRADE CONTROVERSY”, in The New York Times:

(education) An inventory of the courses taken and grades earned of a student alleged throughout a course.


weed

en-verb

weed (third-person singular simple present weeds, present participle weeding, simple past and past participle weeded)

weeds (present singular third-person)
weeding (participle present)
weeded (participle past)
weeded (past)

From Middle English weeden, weden, from Old English wēodian (“to weed”), from Proto-Germanic *weudōną (“to uproot, weed”). Cognate with West Frisian wjûde, wjudde (“to weed”),
Dutch wieden (“to weed”), German Low German weden (“to weed”).

inh

We usually weed romance novels that haven't circulated in over a year.

Librarians overwhelmingly believe that weeding increases use of books and patron satisfaction.

2003, Juris Dilevko, Lisa Gottlieb, “Weed to achieve: a fundamental part of the public library mission?”, in Library Collections, Acquisitions, and Technical Services, volume 27, number 1, →DOI, page 73:

(library science, transitive) To systematically remove materials from a library collection based on a set of criteria.


formal

en-noun

formal (countable and uncountable, plural formals)

From Middle English formel, borrowed from Old French formel, from Latin fōrmālis, from fōrma (“form”); equivalent to form + -al.

(Oxbridge slang) Ellipsis of formal hall..


tut

Alternative form: tute

2002, Little Penny, “Looking for sites, tuts, videos to learn html (newbie)”, in alt.html (Usenet):

(Internet slang and Oxford University slang) A tutorial.


Oregon

Oregon, Washington, California, in casual speech

Columbia River
Oregon
Oregon (disambiguation)

From earlier Ouragon, likely corruption of Spanish orejón (“big ears”), probably describing the banks of the Columbia River, although this remains uncertain. Multiple theories of further origins persist, usually an ultimate derivation from a Native American language:
* A clipping of French Ouariconsint, itself a corruption of Ouisconsin(k), allegedly from Algonquin meskousing (“it lies in red, Wisconsin”).
* Corruption of French ouragan (“hurricane”)
* Borrowing from Abenaki wligen (“good”), cf. Algonquin wauregan (“beautiful”)
* Borrowing from Shoshone ogoe (“river”) + paanangkwa (“west”)
* Borrowing from Chinook Jargon ulakan (“candlefish”)
See Wikipedia article on the toponym Oregon for more information.

أُورِيغُون

northwestern state of the United States of America

Alabama · Alaska · Arizona · Arkansas · California · Colorado · Connecticut · Delaware · Florida · Georgia · Hawaii · Idaho · Illinois · Indiana · Iowa · Kansas · Kentucky · Louisiana · Maine · Maryland · Massachusetts · Michigan · Minnesota · Mississippi · Missouri · Montana · Nebraska · Nevada · New Hampshire · New Jersey · New Mexico · New York · North Carolina · North Dakota · Ohio · Oklahoma · Oregon · Pennsylvania · Rhode Island · South Carolina · South Dakota · Tennessee · Texas · Utah · Vermont · Virginia · Washington · West Virginia · Wisconsin · Wyoming

American Samoa · Guam · Northern Mariana Islands · Puerto Rico · United States minor outlying islands · United States Virgin Islands

Pacific Northwest
Pacific Northwest#English

A state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Capital: Salem. Largest city: Portland.

Several other locations in the United States:

A small city, the county seat of Ogle County, Illinois.

Baltimore County
Baltimore County#English

An unincorporated community in Baltimore County, Maryland.

A town and village in Dane County, Wisconsin.


frosh

The frosh are really getting on my nerves!

(colloquial) A first-year student, at certain universities, and a first-or-second-year student at other universities.

(colloquial, plural "froshes") Short for frosh week.


frosh

en-verb

frosh (third-person singular simple present froshes, present participle froshing, simple past and past participle froshed)

froshes (present singular third-person)
froshing (participle present)
froshed (participle past)
froshed (past)

This campus does not tolerate froshing in any form.

(transitive, slang) To initiate academic freshmen, notably in a testing way.


freshman

At the time I was a wide-eyed freshman, but I was soon to grow jaded and cynical.

When he was but yet a freshman in Cambridge.

1596, Thomas Nashe, Have with You to Saffron-Walden:

Sir Alexander: Then he's a graduate.
Sir Davy: Say they trust him not?
Sir Alexander: Then is he held a freshman and a sot,¶ And never shall commence, but being still barr'd¶ Be expuls'd from the master's side to th' twopenny ward,¶ Or else i' th' hole be plac'd.

1611, Thomas Middleton, The Roaring Girl, act 3, scene 3:

As a country, we now enter what the seven freshmen called “unchartered waters”, with an unprecedented political and constitutional crisis looming on the horizon.

2019 September 25, Geoffrey Kabaservice, “Impeach Trump? The United States is now in uncharted waters”, in The Guardian:

Trump may have played a role in swaying some holdouts — calling into a meeting of Republican freshmen the night before, and calling other members ahead of voting.

January 7 2023, Lisa Mascaro, Farnoush Amiri, “McCarthy elected House speaker in rowdy post-midnight vote”, in AP News:

(US, Canada, Philippines) a person (of either sex) entering the first year of an institution, especially a high school (ninth grade for US, grade 9 for Canada, grade 7 for Philippines), a university, or legislative body

一年級新生 /一年级新生

a person of either sex entering the first year of an institution


fresher

From a clipping of freshman + -er (Oxford -er).

(British) A first-year student at a university.


GC

(education) Initialism of Google Classroom.


DFA

finite-state automaton
finite-state machine#English

(computing theory) Initialism of deterministic finite-state automaton.

(education) Initialism of doctor of fine arts.


baccalaureate

/bækəˈlɔːɹɪət/

From French baccalauréat, from Medieval Latin baccalaureatus, from Latin baccalaureus, an alteration of baccalārius (“young man aspiring to knighthood”), to resemble bacca lauri (“laurel berry”) (the ancient symbol of victory). Compare bachelor.

International Baccalaureate
International Baccalaureate

bachelor's degree

first or lowest academic degree conferred by universities


cloze

The clozes, at least those used in the examinations, have the distinct advantage that they expose the students to continuous and reasonably authentic text[…]

1994, Joseph Boyle, Peter Falvey, English Language Testing in Hong Kong, page 8:

this time the cloze is about the declination of adjectives

2013 March 13, “Lückentext - cloze”, in German Language Blog, retrieved 2013-03-15:

(education) A form of written examination in which candidates are required to provide words that have been omitted from sentences, thereby demonstrating their knowledge and comprehension of the text.


progressive

en-adj

progressive (comparative more progressive, superlative most progressive)

more progressive (comparative)
most progressive (superlative)

/pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪv/

/pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪv/

/pɹəˈɡɹesɪv/

From the Middle French progressif, from the Latin prōgressīvus, from prōgredior (perfect participial stem: prōgress-) + -īvus. Displaced native Old English forþgenġe.

suffix

perfect participial stem: <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">prōgress-</i>

a progressive school

progressive education
progressive education

(education) Of or relating to progressive education.


PPG

en-noun

PPG (countable and uncountable, plural PPGs)

(UK, education) Initialism of pupil premium grant.


conference

en-verb

conference (third-person singular simple present conferences, present participle conferencing, simple past and past participle conferenced)

conferences (present singular third-person)
conferencing (participle present)
conferenced (participle past)
conferenced (past)

From Middle French conférence, from Medieval Latin cōnferentia, from Latin cōnferēns.

University of Hong Kong Faculty of Law
conference

The students who were conferenced on paper 1 will get a written response to paper 2, and those who received a written response to paper 1 will be conferenced on paper 2.

2009, Jennifer Berne, The Writing-Rich High School Classroom:

(transitive, intransitive, education) To assess (a student) by one-on-one conversation, rather than an examination.


faculty

From Middle English faculte (“power, property”), from Old French faculte, from Latin facultas (“capability, ability, skill, abundance, plenty, stock, goods, property; in Medieval Latin also a body of teachers”), another form of facilitas (“easiness, facility, etc.”), from facul, another form of facilis (“easy, facile”); see facile. Doublet of facility.

der

She transferred from the Faculty of Science to the Faculty of Medicine.


GNVQ

w:General National Vocational Qualification

(UK, education) Initialism of General National Vocational Qualification.


Howard

en-proper noun

Howard (countable and uncountable, plural Howards)

Medieval personal name from Middle English Howard, Howarde, from Old Norse Hávarðr, from hár (“high”) + varðr (“guard”). In some cases a variant of Heward, from Old French Huard.


BCS

best-case scenario
best-case scenario#English

Bowl Championship Series
w:Bowl Championship Series

(American football, historical) Initialism of Bowl Championship Series. Replaced after the 2013 season by the College Football Playoff.

Bowl Championship Series

British Computer Society
w:British Computer Society

(linguistics) Initialism of Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian treated commonly (Serbo-Croatian)

Baja California Sur
Baja California Sur#English

Abbreviation of Baja California Sur, a state of Mexico.


stream

→ Finnish: striimi (live stream)

From Middle English streem, strem, from Old English strēam, from Proto-West Germanic *straum, from Proto-Germanic *straumaz (“stream”), from Proto-Indo-European *srowmos (“river”), from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow”). Doublet of rheum.
Cognate with Scots strem, streme, streym (“stream, river”), North Frisian strum (“stream”), West Frisian stream (“stream”), Low German Stroom (“stream”), Dutch stroom (“current, flow, stream”), German Strom (“current, stream”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål strøm (“current, stream, flow”), Norwegian Nynorsk straum (“current, stream, flow”), Swedish ström (“current, stream, flow”), Icelandic straumur (“current, stream, torrent, flood”), Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα (rheûma, “stream, flow”), Lithuanian srovė (“current, stream”) Polish strumień (“stream”), Welsh ffrwd (“stream, current”), Scottish Gaelic sruth (“stream”).

cog

All of the bright kids went into the A stream, but I was in the B stream.

(UK, education) A division of a school year by perceived ability.


pluck

en-verb

pluck (third-person singular simple present plucks, present participle plucking, simple past and past participle plucked or (obsolete) pluckt)

plucks (present singular third-person)
plucking (participle present)
plucked (participle past)
plucked (past)
pluckt (obsolete participle past)
pluckt (obsolete past)

From Middle English plucken, plukken, plockien, from Old English pluccian, ploccian (“to pluck, pull away, tear”), also Old English plyċċan ("to pluck, pull, snatch; pluck with desire"), from Proto-West Germanic *plukkōn, from Proto-Germanic *plukkōną, *plukkijaną (“to pluck”), of uncertain and disputed origin.
Perhaps related to Old English pullian (“to pull, draw; pluck off; snatch”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian plukje (“to pluck”), West Frisian plôkje (“to pick, pluck”), Dutch plukken (“to pluck”), Limburgish plógte (“to pluck”), Low German plukken (“to pluck”), German pflücken (“to pluck, pick”), Danish and Norwegian plukke (“to pick”), Swedish plocka (“to pick, pluck, cull”), Icelandic plokka, plukka (“to pluck, pull”). More at pull.
An alternative etymology suggests Proto-Germanic *plukkōną, *plukkijaną may have been borrowed from an assumed Vulgar Latin *pilūc(i)cāre, a derivative of Latin pilāre (“deprive of hair, make bald, depilate”), from pilus (“hair”). The Oxford English Dictionary, however, finds difficulties with this and cites gaps in historical evidence.
The noun sense of "heart, liver, and lights of an animal" comes from it being plucked out of the carcass after the animal is killed; the sense of "fortitude, boldness" derives from this meaning, originally being a boxing slang denoting a prize-ring, with semantic development from "heart", the symbol of courage, to "fortitude, boldness".

cog

For arguing that a man will be plucked take the Topics following: for among men likely to be plucked are these for the most part. He that hath no friends, he that hath many friends; the first because he hath none to put him in the right way; the second, because he hath many to draw him therefrom.

1835, Scriblerus Redivivus [pseudonym; Edward Caswall], “Topics Concerning Pluck”, in A New Art Teaching How to be Plucked, […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: J. Vincent, →OCLC, page 34:

He went to college, and he got— plucked, I think they call it: and then his uncles wanted him to be a barrister, and study the law […]

1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC:

Let us hide our heads, and shut up the page. The lists came out; and a dreadful rumour rushed through the university, that Pendennis of Boniface was plucked.

1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter XX, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:

He had been a medical student, and got plucked, his foes declared, in his examination.

1850, [Charles Kingsley], Alton Locke, Tailor and Poet. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC:

"Well, the gooseberry pie is really too deep for me: but 'ploughed' is the new Oxfordish for 'plucked.' O mamma, have you forgotten that? 'Plucked' was vulgar, so now they are 'ploughed.' 'For smalls; but I hope I shall not be, to vex you and Puss.'"

I trust that I have never plucked a candidate in the Schools without giving him every opportunity of setting himself right.

1884 May 8, William Stubbs, “XVII. A Last Statutory Public Lecture”, in Seventeen Lectures on the Study of Medieval and Modern History and Kindred Subjects, published 1887, page 440:

(UK, university slang, transitive, obsolete) To reject (a student) after they fail an examination for a degree.


grade

→ Japanese: グレード (gurēdo)

→ Swahili: gredi

Borrowed from Middle French grade (“a grade, degree”), from Latin gradus (“a step, pace, degree”), from Proto-Italic *graðus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰradʰ-, *gʰredʰ- (“to walk, go”). Doublet of gradus.
Cognate with Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐌸𐍃 (griþs, “step, grade”), Bavarian Gritt (“step, stride”), Lithuanian grìdiju (“to go, wander”).

Clancy is entering the fifth grade this year.

Clancy starts grade five this year.

(Canada, US, Philippines, education) A level of primary and secondary education.

The grade fives are on a field trip.

(Canada, education) A student of a particular grade (used with the grade level).


go down

en-verb

go down (third-person singular simple present goes down, present participle going down, simple past went down, past participle gone down)

goes down (present singular third-person)
going down (participle present)
went down (past)
gone down (participle past)

suhtautua (receiving person or party as subject, received thing in illative)

Following the death of her mother, she went down from Cambridge for a few days so as to attend the funeral.

(intransitive, Oxbridge slang, dated) To physically leave one's university, either permanently or in some other non-transient sense (such as following the end of term).


MIT

Massachusetts Institute of Technology
w:Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Initialism of Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Manukau Institute of Technology
w:Manukau Institute of Technology

Initialism of Manukau Institute of Technology.


rush

Perhaps from Middle English ruschen, russchen (“to rush, startle, make a loud rushing noise”), from Old English hrysċan (“to jolt, startle”), from Proto-West Germanic *hurskijan, from Proto-Germanic *hurskijaną (“to startle, drive”), from *hurskaz (“fast, rapid, quick”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run, hurry”).
Cognate with Old High German hursken (“to hurry, speed, incite, accelerate”), Old English horsc (“quick, quick-witted, clever”).
etymology note
An alternative etymology traces rush via Middle English rouschen (“to rush”) from Old English *rūscian (“to rush”) from Proto-Germanic *rūskōną (“to rush, storm, be fierce, be cruel”), a variant (with formative k) of Proto-Germanic *rūsōną (“to be cruel, storm, rush”) from Proto-Indo-European *(o)rewə- (“to drive, move, agitate”), making it akin to Old High German rosc, rosci (“quick”), Middle Low German rûschen (“to rush”), Middle High German rūschen, riuschen (“to rush”) (German rauschen (“to rush”)), North Frisian ruse (“to rush”), Middle Dutch ruuscen (“to make haste”), Middle Dutch rūsen (“to rush”) (Dutch ruisen (“to rush”)), Danish ruse (“to rush”), Swedish rusa (“to rush”). Compare Middle High German rūsch (“a charge, rush”). Influenced by Middle English russhen (“to force back”) from Anglo-Norman russher, russer from Old French ruser, rëuser.
Alternatively, according to the OED, perhaps an adaptation of Anglo-Norman russher, russer (“to force back, down, out of place, by violent impact", "to pull out or drag off violently or hastily”), from Old French re(h)usser, ruser (although the connection of the forms with single -s- and double -ss- is dubious; also adopted in English ruse; French ruser (“to retreat, drive back”)), from an assumed Vulgar Latin *refūsāre and Latin refundō (“I cause to flow back”), although connection to the same Germanic root is also possible. More at rouse.

раш

video games: act of running at another player with large swarm of weak units — see also zerg

rush week

The trend burst through last week during sorority rush at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, but it continues today in the form of parody videos, deep dives on the status of various recruits and rush videos from women at other colleges across the country who are just starting the process themselves.

2021 August 17, Allie Jones, “#BamaRush, Explained”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

[…]daily “OOTDs” (outfits of the day), rush recap videos from freshly tanned and coiffed prospective new members (PNMs), and reactions to 18-year-old girls either elated or devastated by the high-stakes game of likability that is rush.

2023 May 24, Adrian Horton, “‘Competitive femininity’: inside the wild and secretive world of sororities”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(university slang) A regulated period of recruitment in fraternities and sororities.

At the end of rush, the fraternities vote on who they want to extend invitations to join, and the rushes can then make their selection from the bids they get. Some rushes get bids from multiple fraternities, while others do not get bids from any.

2011 September 15, Abe Gutierrez, “To Rush Or Not To Rush: A Crash Course From A Brother Who Likes It”, in NYU Local:

After a few rounds of these competitions, the rushes that survive to the end get a "bid." Again, kind of like an auction. They don’t come in nice envelopes like sororities, though. Usually what happens is that they put the rushes in a room individually and tell them they didn’t get the bid, to see how sad they get. If they get really sad, the fraternity brothers come to the room and congratulate them on being accepted to the fraternity. Then, the rushes become pledges.

2017 February 8, Youngweon Lee, “The Fraternity Rush Process As Told By Someone Who Knows Nothing About The Fraternity Rush Process”, in Bwog:

(university slang) A person attempting to join a fraternity or sorority as part of a rush.

(US, dated, university slang) A perfect recitation.


rush

en-verb

rush (third-person singular simple present rushes, present participle rushing, simple past and past participle rushed)

rushes (present singular third-person)
rushing (participle present)
rushed (participle past)
rushed (past)

(transitive or intransitive, university slang) To attempt to join a fraternity or sorority, often involving a hazing or initiation process.


rector

Inherited from Middle English rectour, rector, from Old French rector, rectour and Latin rēctor.

(Eastern Orthodoxy, uncommon) A priest or bishop in the Orthodox Church who is in charge of a parish or in an administrative leadership position in a theological seminary or academy.

A headmaster or headmistress in various educational institutions, e.g., a university.

(Scotland) An official in Scottish universities who heads the university court and is elected by and represents the student body.


Kansas

Kansases (plural)
Kan. (abbreviation)
Kans. (abbreviation)
Ks. (abbreviation)

From a Siouan ethnonym cognate to Kansa; related to Arkansas, which see for more information.


discipline

en-noun

discipline (countable and uncountable, plural disciplines)

spontaneity

antonym(s) of “controlled behaviour et al.”

From Middle English [Term?], from Anglo-Norman, from Old French descipline, from Latin disciplina (“instruction”), from discipulus (“pupil”), influenced by disco (“to learn”), from Proto-Indo-European *dek- (“(cause to) accept”).

فَرْع مِنَ الْمَعْرِفَة

specific branch or knowledge or learning

Economics is a messy discipline: too fluid to be a science, too rigorous to be an art.

2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

This mathematical discipline, by the help of geometrical principles, doth teach to contrive several weights and powers unto motion or rest.

1648, John Wilkins, Mathematical Magick:

en:specific branch of knowledge or practice

A specific branch of knowledge, learning, or practice.

A category in which a certain art, sport or other activity belongs.

نِظَام

category in which a certain activity belongs


discipline

en-verb

discipline (third-person singular simple present disciplines, present participle disciplining, simple past and past participle disciplined)

disciplines (present singular third-person)
disciplining (participle present)
disciplined (participle past)
disciplined (past)

(transitive) To train someone by instruction and practice.

дысцыплінава́ць

to train someone by instruction and practice

(transitive) To teach someone to obey authority.


transition

en-noun

transition (countable and uncountable, plural transitions)

/tɹænˈzɪʃən/

/tɹænˈsɪʃən/

/tɹɑːnˈzɪʃən/

/tɹænˈzɪʃən/

Etymology tree
Middle French transitionbor.
English transition
From Middle French transition, from Latin transitio. By surface analysis, transit + -ion.

etymon

filtered-popping recursive transition network

(education) Professional special education assistance for children or adults in the process of leaving one educational environment or support program for another to relatively more independent living.


Alabama

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Alabama.wav

From Alabama Albaamaha, the name of a people native to the area.


Iowa

From French Aiouez/Ayoés, an early transliteration of the name for the Iowa tribe, from Dakota ayúxba (“sleepy ones”).


Idaho

Colorado Territory
Columbia River
New-York Tribune
Oxford English Dictionary

Uncertain; possibly from Plains Apache ídaahȩ́ (“Comanche”), though the Oxford English Dictionary states that the development of the state’s name from that word remains undocumented. The name Idaho was said to have been considered around 1860 for what was eventually called the Colorado Territory (now the state of Colorado) in 1861, and in 1863 was given to Idaho County (now part of Idaho); the county was named after a steamship launched on the Columbia River in 1860.
The eccentric political lobbyist George Maurice Willing, Jr. (c. 1829 – 1874) claimed to have coined the name after a girl named Ida, though saying it was a Shoshoni term meaning “gem of the mountains” (no such term exists), but evidence suggests that there was use of the name in Colorado pre-dating Willing’s arrival in the West in 1859.
The common noun (“type of potato”) is derived from the name of the state.


Illinois

From a French adaptation of an Algonquian (perhaps Ojibwe) name derived from Miami ilenweewa (“he speaks the regular way”).

der

Another interesting Illinois word is the name of the celebrated chief, which the French made Chachagouache.

1917, Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, page 91:

PISTAKEE LAKE (Lake) Part of the Chain of Lakes, Pistakee is an Illinois word taken from pestekouy, meaning "buffalo"[.]

2004, Sandy Nestor, Indian Placenames in America, volume 1, page 61:

These words are believed to have come from the Illinois word "irenweewa," which meant "he speaks in the ordinary way."

2005, Jennifer Lee, The Illinois Confederacy of Illinois, Missouri, Wisconsin, ..., page 5:

Another Illinois word describing physical detention, kikiȣnakiȣi, meant “slave” in the seventeenth century, but in modern usage the root has softened into a meaning that suggests being detained, held up, or merely running late.

2013, Brett Rushforth, Bonds of Alliance: Indigenous and Atlantic Slaveries, page 56:

The Algonquian language spoken by these tribes; the Miami-Illinois language.

A river in Oregon, United States that flows from the southwestern corner of the state into the Rogue River.

University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.


Maryland

/ˈmɛəɹɪlənd/

/ˈmɛəɹɪlænd/

/ˈmɛəɹɪlənd/

From Mary + -land. Named after Henrietta Maria of France, the wife of Charles I of England.


North Dakota

/ˈnɔɹθ dəˈkoʊ.tə/

The state was formed from northern portion of the former Dakota Territory.


Nebraska

Probably from archaic Chiwere Ñí Brásge, pronounced [ˌɲĩˈbɾaskɛ] (contemporary Chiwere Ñí Bráhge), or the Omaha-Ponca Ní Btháska, pronounced [ˌnĩˈbˡðaska], both meaning "flat water," after the Platte River that flows through the state.

University of Nebraska–Lincoln
w:University of Nebraska–Lincoln

Ellipsis of University of Nebraska–Lincoln.


Utah

Borrowed from Spanish yuta, from Ute entaw or yuta (“diggers of the mountain tops”).


Wisconsin

Borrowed from French Ouisconsin, itself borrowed from an uncertain Native American language. Theories include:
* Miami meeskohsinki or Algonquin meskousing, both meaning "it lies red", the name given to the Wisconsin River by one of the Algonquian-speaking American Indian groups living in the region at the time of European contact. "Meskousing" is known from maps drawn by the French from the 1670s onwards, it is believed subsequent transcribers mistook the stylized cursive "M" for "OU".
* Menominee wēskōhsek (“a good place”), from Wēskōhsek Sēpēw ("the river where it is good to live")
* An Ojibwe term, suggestions include miskwasiniig (“red stones”), referring to the red sandstone of the dells of the Wisconsin River; and wiishihkaanhs (“little lodge”), referring to the dwellings of the abundant beavers and muskrats.
A researcher for the State of Wisconsin Historical Society concluded in frustration, "I have not found two Indians to agree on the meaning of this word."


SEC

Southeastern Conference
w:Southeastern Conference

(US, college, sports) Abbreviation of Southeastern Conference, a college athletics conference


clicker

A small mechanical device that produces a clicking sound, used in dog training.


upper

en-adj

upper (comparative uppermore, superlative uppermost)

uppermore (comparative)
uppermost (superlative)

(education) Of or pertaining to a secondary school.


Sidney

en-proper noun

Sidney (countable and uncountable, plural Sidneys)

English surname, from several placenames in England, from Old English sīdan, dative of sīd (“spacious, wide”) + īeġ (“island”).

Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
w:Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge

(Cambridge University slang) Clipping of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge.


chunk

Variant of chuck; or alternatively a diminutive of chump (“chunk; block”) + *-k (diminutive suffix) (compare hunk from hump, etc.).

examples of chunks would include "in accordance with", "the results of", and "so far"

(linguistics, education) A sequence of two or more words that occur in language with high frequency but are not idiomatic; a bundle or cluster.


refer

en-verb

refer (third-person singular simple present refers, present participle referring, simple past and past participle referred)

refers (present singular third-person)
referring (participle present)
referred (participle past)
referred (past)

From Middle English referren, from Old French referer, from Latin referre. The noun (used in journalism) is from the verb.

Smith's marks in the finals were unsatisfactory and he was referred.

(transitive, education) To require to resit an examination.


external

en-adj

external (comparative more external, superlative most external)

more external (comparative)
most external (superlative)

From Late Middle English, from Medieval Latin externus (“outward, external”), from exter/exterus (“on the outside, outward”).

der

external degrees

(education) For or concerning students registered with and taking the examinations of a university but not resident there.


makeup

en-noun

makeup (usually uncountable, plural makeups)

⇒ Portuguese: make

(education) A test given to students allowing them to repeat failed material.

pótteszt

education: test given to students allowing them to repeat failed material


homework

homework (usually uncountable, plural homeworks)

/ˈhəʊmˌwɜːk/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-homework.wav

You must do your homework before you can watch television.

Even 15-year-olds do no more than 30 minutes' homework a night.

2013 July 1, Peter Wilby, “Finland's education ambassador spreads the word”, in The Guardian, archived from the original on 2022-10-15:

And I'm sympathetic to teachers who feel that they have enough to worry about, without adding A.I.-generated homework to the mix.

2023 January 12, Kevin Roose, “Don't Ban ChatGPT in Schools. Teach With It.”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 2023-01-17:

Under the proposals, an assurance is given that GBR (in the words of the plan) will not be marking its own homework.

2024 May 15, 'Industry Insider', “Labour's plan for the railway”, in RAIL, number 1009, page 68:

Exercises assigned by a teacher to a student which review concepts studied in class.

The speaker had certainly done his homework before delivering the lecture.

Since the whole world is watching this launch, they probably should've done some homework on their talking points.

2012 April 10, John Hudson, “North Korea Has a Clumsy Way of Soothing Concerns About Its Rocket Launch”, in The Atlantic, archived from the original on 2022-01-22:

Four years after her first sexual health book came out, Dr. Lori Brotto is giving her readers a little bit of homework for the bedroom.

2017 May 9, “Mindful sex is better sex, says B.C. researcher promoting new workbook”, in CBC News, archived from the original on 2022-11-22:

I didn't even know who he was until I did my homework and realised he was a premier footballer for Bayern.

2022 July 18, Donald Mcrae, quoting Michael Yormark, “Roc Nation's Michael Yormark on Romelu Lukaku: 'You have to play to his strengths... I don't think that happened'”, in The Guardian, archived from the original on 2022-12-26:

Nigeria had done their homework and were well organised. Halimatu Ayinde was exceptional in her marking of James, who had scored twice and provided three assists as she ran the show against China.

2023 August 7, Suzanne Wrack, “England beat Nigeria on penalties to reach Women’s World Cup quarter-finals”, in The Guardian:

(by extension) Something which one is encouraged to learn or study on one's own.


clearing

clearing (countable and uncountable, plural clearings)

(British, education) The period in which remaining university places are allocated to remaining students.


version

version (countable and uncountable, plural versions)

From Middle French version, from Medieval Latin versiō, from Latin vertō (“I turn”). Used in English since 16th century.

(education, archaic) A school exercise, generally of composition in a foreign language.


puny

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-puny.wav

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *pós
Proto-Indo-European *-ti
Proto-Indo-European *pós-ti
Proto-Italic *posti
Latin poste
Latin post
Proto-Indo-European *íh₂
Latin ea
Latin posteā
Vulgar Latin *postius
Old French puis
Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁tós
Proto-Italic *gnātos
Latin gnātus
Latin nātus
Old French né
Old French puisné
Middle French puisnébor.
English puisne
English puny
 PIE word
 *pós
A respelling of puisne, from Anglo-Norman puisné (“later, more recent; junior; weakly”) [and other forms] and Middle French puisné (“born after (a specified person); younger, youngest; one who is born after (a specified person)”) (modern French puîné (“cadet (born after a sibling); a cadet (someone born after a sibling)”)), from puis (“after; since”) + né (“born”). Puis is derived from Old French pois (“after; since”), from Vulgar Latin *postius (“afterward”), from Latin posteā (“afterwards; hereafter; thereafter; next, then”), from post (“after; since”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pós (“afterwards”)) + ea (“these (things)”); and né from Latin nātus (“born”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget; to give birth; to produce”).

der

[T]he whole companye or most parte of the Studentꝭ [Studentis] of the same house mette toogether to beginne their Christmas, of wᶜʰ som̃e came to see sports […] others to make sporte wᵗʰall of this last sorte were they whome they call Fresh-menn Punies of the first yeare, who are by no meanes admitted to be agent's or behoulders of those sports, before themselues haue biñe patient perfourmers of them.

c. 1610, “[The Election of the Prince]”, in Frederick S[amuel] Boas, editor, The Christmas Prince (The Malone Society Reprints; 47b), London: Printed for the Malone Society by Frederick Hall M.A. at the Oxford University Press, published 1923 (indicated as 1922), →OCLC, page 3, lines 9–12 and 14–18:

(university slang, law) A new student at a school, university, the Inns of Court, etc.; a junior.


pupil

From Middle English pupille, from Anglo-Norman pupille (“orphan”), from Latin pūpillus (“orphan, minor”), variant of pūpulus (“little boy”), from pūpus (“child, boy”).

The Pupil after his Pupillarity, had granted a Diſcharge to one of the Co-tutors, which did extinguiſh the whole Debt of that Co-tutor, and conſequently of all the reſt, they being all correi debendi, lyable by one individual Obligation, which cannot be Diſcharged as to one, and ſtand as to all the reſt.

1668 December 19, James Dalrymple, “Mr. Alexander Seaton contra Menzies” in The Deciſions of the Lords of Council & Seſſion I (Edinburgh, 1683), page 575

Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16. Charging school fees is illegal, and so is sorting pupils into ability groups by streaming or setting.

2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:

(dated outside UK) A learner at a school under the supervision of a teacher.


exercise book

A booklet for students, containing either problems or exercises, and blank, often lined pages for writing answers.


dweeb

From 1968 US college slang, probably related to feeb.
The 1980s backronym Dim-Witted Eastern-Educated Boor derives from apparent social and attitudinal differences between West Coast and East Coast US, and describes a stereotypical Ivy League graduate from Harvard, Yale, etc.
Etymology tree
Anglo-Norman feblebor.
Middle English feble
English feeble
English mind
English -ed
English minded
English feeble-minded
English feebinflu.
English dweeb

etymon

I may be dumb, but I'm not a dweeb.

1994, Dexter Holland (lyrics and music), “Self Esteem”, in Smash, performed by The Offspring:

There never is a Keanu but a dweeb looking at me.

1996, Richard Stannard, Matt Rowe (lyrics and music), “If U Can't Dance”, in Spice, performed by Spice Girls:

No way, man, the biggest dweeb of them all with . . . Marilyn!

2005 June 13, Edmund White, “My Women”, in The New Yorker:

(US, dated, originally university slang, now general slang, derogatory) A boring, studious, or socially inept person.


diploma

→ Bengali: ডিপ্লোমা (ḍiplōma)

→ Burmese: ဒီပလိုမာ (dipa.luima)

→ Hindi: डिप्लोमा (ḍiplomā)

→ Japanese: ディプロマ (dipuroma)

→ Korean: 디플로마 (dipeulloma)

→ Malay: diploma

→ Swahili: diploma

→ Urdu: ڈِپْلوما (ḍiplomā)

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Latin diplōma, from Ancient Greek δίπλωμα (díplōma, “folded paper, license”), from διπλόω (diplóō, “I double, fold over”), from διπλόος (diplóos, “double”).

der

get a diploma

study for a diploma

hold a further-education diploma

A document issued by an educational institution testifying that the recipient has earned a degree or has successfully completed a particular course of study.


pedagogy

en-noun

pedagogy (countable and uncountable, plural pedagogies)

/ˈpɛdəˌɡɒd͡ʒi/

/ˈpɛdəˌɡɒɡi/

/ˈpɛdəˌɡɑd͡ʒi/

/ˈpɛdəˌɡoʊd͡ʒi/

From Middle French pédagogie, from Ancient Greek παιδαγωγία (paidagōgía). By surface analysis, ped- (“child”) + -agogy.

surf

A resource that profiles the important language of secondary disciplines by adapting the methods of EAP research could therefore be very useful for such pedagogy.

2018, Clarence Green, James Lambert, “Advancing disciplinary literacy through English for academic purposes: Discipline-specific wordlists, collocations and word families for eight secondary subjects”, in Journal of English for Academic Purposes, volume 35, →DOI, page 106:

To explore effective pedagogies to motivate these bilingual doctoral researchers to theorise translingually, this paper draws upon methodologies about translingualism and intercultural doctoral education to dispel the recurrent doubts raised by these bilingual doctoral researchers.

2023 October, Haibo Shen, “JIĀO/JIÀO 教 Chinese bilingual doctoral researchers to theorise translingually: A pedagogy for intercultural doctoral education”, in Linguistics and Education, volume 77, →DOI:

The strategies or methods of instruction; an educational philosophy.


bundle

From Middle English bundel, from Middle Dutch bondel or Old English byndele, byndelle (“a binding; tying; fastening with bands”); both from Proto-Germanic *bundil-, derivative of *bundą (“bundle”). Compare also bindle, Dutch bundel, German Bündel.

(linguistics, education) A sequence of two or more words that occur in language with high frequency but are not idiomatic; a chunk, cluster, or lexical bundle.

ryväs

linguistics: unidiomatic sequence of words that occurs with high frequency


session

→ Japanese: セッション (sesshon)

→ Korean: 세션 (sesyeon)

→ Scottish Gaelic: seisean

From Middle English session, from Old French session, from Latin sessiō (“a sitting”), from sedeō (“sit”).


lines

If you don't behave I'll give you lines

I had to write out 200 lines

(education) A school punishment in which a student must repeatedly write out a line of text related to the offence (e.g. "I must be quiet in class") a specified number of times; the lines of text so written out.


institute

From French institut, from Middle French, from Latin īnstitūtum.

Substitution is the nomination of substituted heirs, who take place, failing the institute.

1681, Viscount Stair, The Institutions of the Law of Scotland:

(law, Scotland) The person to whom an estate is first given by destination or limitation.


CP

en-noun

CP (countable and uncountable, plural CPs)

(education) Initialism of college prep.; college preparatory


matura

A final exam that young adults (aged 18 or 19) take at the end of their secondary education in certain European countries.

мату́ра

final exam in certain European countries


Easter

Easter (countable and uncountable, plural Easters)

→ Chickasaw: Iista'

The noun is derived from Middle English Ester, from Old English ēastre, seemingly from Ēastre, a proposed Anglo-Saxon goddess of the dawn whose festival is thought to have been celebrated around the vernal equinox. Further from Proto-West Germanic *Austrā, from Proto-Germanic *Austrǭ, derived from either Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews- (“dawn; east”) or, more semantically plausible, from *austrą, *auzrą, a metathesized form of *wazrą (“spring (season)”), *-ǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *wósr̥ (“spring”).
The English word is cognate with German Low German Oostern (“Easter”), Old High German ōstarūn (modern German Ostern) and is possibly a doublet of east. Despite a modern folk etymology, not related to Ishtar.
The verb is derived from the noun.

der

(UK, Ireland, law, education) Ellipsis of Easter term.


Carolina

en-proper noun

Carolina (countable and uncountable, plural Carolinas)

Latin: carolinianus (New Latin)

Latin: carolinensis (New Latin)

From Latin Carolus (“Charles”) + -ina (feminine diminutive suffix).
The U.S. states are named for Charles I of England.

af

(uncountable) University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.


Columbia

From Columbus + -ia, the Latinized name of the European explorer, Christopher Columbus. Piecewise doublet of Colombia.


TEFL

Acronym of teaching (of) English as a foreign language.

acronym

(education) Teaching of English as a foreign language.


SAS

special assistance school
special assistance school#English

(Australia, education) Initialism of special assistance school.


sig

Sig Chi; Kappa Sig; Sig Nu

Outright banning fraternities, however, is a tough move for a university president to make. Greek alums tend to be big donors. [Phil] Hanlon has shied away from making his reform all Greek life, no doubt to avoid the ire of deep-pocketed former Sig Chis.

2014 April 17, Allie Jones, “After Years of Bad Press, the Great Fraternity Crackdown Is Here”, in The Atlantic, Washington, D.C.: The Atlantic Monthly Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-25:

Here are 6 of the most cartoonishly sexist, aggressive, and straight-up nuts fraternity and sorority email chains ever released to the public. Let them be a warning to young Kappa Sigs everywhere.

2014 May 29, Prachi Gupta, “Your fraternity email chain will come back to haunt you”, in Salon.com, archived from the original on 2023-12-13:

My time at Sig Nu was quite brief, unfortunately, so I'll do my best with the data I gathered.

2022 October 6, Eliza Josephson, “POV: You're dancing at a Yale Frat, or not”, in Yale Daily News, archived from the original on 2022-10-13:

(university slang) Sigma (in the names of Greek-letter organizations).


reader

From Middle English reder, redar, redere, redare, from Old English rēdere, rǣdere (“a reader; scholar; diviner”), from Proto-West Germanic *rādāri, equivalent to read + -er. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Räider (“advisor”), Dutch rader (“advisor”), German Rater (“advisor”).

(chiefly British) A university lecturer ranking below a professor.


wooden spoon

We submit that a wooden spoon of our day would not be justified in calling Galileo and Napier blockheads because they never heard of the differential calculus.

1843, Thomas Macaulay, Sir James Mackintosh's History of the Revolution:

(Cambridge University slang, dated) The last junior optime who takes a university degree.

(US, university slang, dated) The lowest appointee of the junior year; sometimes, one especially popular in his class, without reference to scholarship. Formerly, it was a custom for classmates to present to this person a wooden spoon with formal ceremonies.


orientation

en-noun

orientation (countable and uncountable, plural orientations)

→ Japanese: オリエンテーション (orientēshon)

→ Korean: 오리엔테이션 (orienteisyeon)

/ˌɔɹiɛnˈteɪʃən/

From French orientation. By surface analysis, orient + -ation.

(countable) An introduction to a (new) environment.

(education) Events to orient new students at a school; events to help new students become familiar with a school.


yearbook

yearbook (countable and uncountable, plural yearbooks)

From year + book. Compare West Frisian jierboek (“yearbook”), Dutch jaarboek (“yearbook”), German Jahrbuch (“yearbook”), Swedish årsbok (“yearbook”), Faroese árbók (“annal, record”).

(countable, US, education) A publication compiled by the graduating class of a high school or college, recording the year's events and containing photographs of students and faculty.

ročenka

(uncountable, US, education) A school subject in which students learn journalistic skills by compiling a yearbook.


syllabus

Borrowed from Medieval Latin syllabus (“list”), which arose as a misprint, its accusative plural syllabos appearing in place of sittybas in a 1470s edition of Cicero's “Ad Atticum” IV.5 and 8. The corrupt form was influenced by the stem of Ancient Greek συλλαμβάνω (sullambánō, “put together”), the source of σῠλλᾰβή (sŭllăbḗ, “syllable”); the true etymon is σιττύβα (sittúba, “parchment label, table of contents”) of unknown origin.

der

In the first half of the year, teachers attended the training workshop for the new K-10 Chinese syllabus. In July, almost all the teachers attended the teacher training courses provided by OCAC.

2019 November 23, A Falun Dafa practitioner in Australia, “Eliminating Attachments While Helping Coordinate a Minghui School”, in Minghui:

‘I checked online for a beginner syllabus,’ she say. ‘A syllabus is a plan for how we would work, what I can teach you.’

2020, Abi Daré, The Girl With The Louding Voice, Sceptre, page 183:

(education) A summary of topics which will be covered during an academic course, or a text or lecture.


comprehension

en-noun

comprehension (countable and uncountable, plural comprehensions)

/ˌkɒmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/

/ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/

Borrowed from Middle French compréhension, from Latin comprehensiō (“taking together”), from com- (“with, together”) + prehendō (“take”).

af

Reading comprehension
reading comprehension


torpid

Coordinate term: slogger

In our first year I had seen him coming away from Blackwell's clutching a great textbook of chemistry with an air of anticipatory delight, and also on the river as cox of one of the Lincoln torpids.

1978, R. V. Jones, chapter 4, in Most Secret War: British Scientific Intelligence 1939-1945, London: Hamish Hamilton, page 37:

(UK, Oxford University slang) An inferior racing boat, or one who rows in such a boat.


certificate

→ Punjabi: ਸਰਟੀਫਿਕੇਟ (sarṭīphikeṭ)

→ Welsh: stifficet

General Certificate of Secondary Education

(education) A document serving as evidence that a person has completed an educational course, issued either by an institution not authorised to grant diplomas, or to a student not qualifying for a diploma.


extracurricular

/ˌɛkstɹəkəˈɹɪkjʊlə(ɹ)/

(education) An activity outside the normal academic curriculum.

különóra

an activity outside the normal academic curriculum


ERC

early career researcher
w:early career researcher

(education) Initialism of early career researcher.


mainstream

en-verb

mainstream (third-person singular simple present mainstreams, present participle mainstreaming, simple past and past participle mainstreamed)

mainstreams (present singular third-person)
mainstreaming (participle present)
mainstreamed (participle past)
mainstreamed (past)

Despite these beliefs, the decision to send my son to a regular school was not made easily. I didn't know of any child as disabled as he who had been mainstreamed.

1985 April 14, Barbara Gerbasi, “Mainstreaming My Son”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(transitive, education, chiefly US) To educate (a disabled student) together with non-disabled students.


remedial

From Latin remediālis. By surface analysis, remedy + -al.

(education) A pupil enrolled in special classes to improve deficient skills.


endorsement

en-noun

endorsement (countable and uncountable, plural endorsements)

Wanted: Accredited teacher with Grade 12 mathematics endorsement.

To transport gasoline, truckers must have a valid licence and the hazardous materials endorsement.

(education, certification) Permission to carry out a specific skill or application in a field in which the practitioner already has a general licence.

Zusatzqualifikation

permission to carry out a specific skill or application in a field in which the practitioner already has a general licence


doctorate

The highest degree awarded by a university faculty.

دُكْتُورَاة

འབུམ་རམས་ཀྱི་ལག་འཁྱེར ('bum rams kyi lag 'khyer, literally “certificate of being learned in 100,000 things”)


censor

The noun is borrowed from Latin cēnsor (“magistrate; critic”), from cēnseō (“to give an opinion, judge; to assess, reckon; to decree, determine”) + -sor (variant of -tor (suffix forming masculine agent nouns)). Cēnseō is derived from Proto-Italic *kensēō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱens- (“to announce, proclaim; to put in order”). The English word is cognate with Late Middle English sensour, Proto-Iranian *cánhati (“to declare; to explain”), Sanskrit शंसति (śaṃsati, “to declare”).
The verb is derived from the noun.

cog

During his [Theophilus Higgons's] reſidence in the ſaid houſe [Christ Church, Oxford], he was eſteemed a Perſon to be much ſtained with Puritaniſme, and to be violent againſt all ſuch that were ſuſpected to favour the Romiſh See. When he was Cenſor alſo, he was ſo zealous as to ſaw down a harmleſs maypole ſtanding within the precincts of the ſaid houſe, becauſe forſooth he thought it came out of a Romiſh Foreſt.

1691, [Anthony Wood], “THEOPHILUS HIGGONS”, in Athenæ Oxonienses. An Exact History of All the Writers and Bishops who have had Their Education in the Most Ancient and Famous University of Oxford from the Fifteenth Year of King Henry the Seventh, Dom. 1500, to the End of the Year 1690. […], volume II (Completing the Whole Work), London: […] Tho[mas] Bennet […], →OCLC, column 154:

(education) A college or university official whose duties vary depending on the institution.


ditto

First attested in 1625. From regional Italian ditto, variant of detto, past participle of dire (“to say”), from Latin dīcō (“I say, I speak”). Not related to English dittography or Italian dito (“finger”).
The specific meaning of making copies of paper comes from ditto machine, the brand name of a spirit duplicator.

(education, uncommon) Synonym of worksheet (“a sheet of paper or computerized document”)


rusticate

en-verb

rusticate (third-person singular simple present rusticates, present participle rusticating, simple past and past participle rusticated)

rusticates (present singular third-person)
rusticating (participle present)
rusticated (participle past)
rusticated (past)

Borrowed from Latin rūsticor (“live in the countryside”), originally in the same sense. First attested in the mid-17th century. By surface analysis, rustic + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

surf

The college rusticated him after he failed all his exams.

I was very unwell, so I had to rusticate for a year.

Pen looked at his early acquaintance,—who had been plucked, who had been rusticated, who had only, after repeated failures, learned to read and write correctly, and who, in spite of all these drawbacks, had attained the honour of a degree.

1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter XXI, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:

"You don't think he'll rusticate us, or any thing of that sort?" said Tom, who had felt horrible twinges at the captain's picture of the effects of rustication on ordinary mortals.

1859–1861, [Thomas Hughes], “The Captain’s Notions”, in Tom Brown at Oxford: […], part 1st, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, published 1861, →OCLC, page 192:

(transitive, intransitive, Oxbridge, Durham University) To be suspended or expelled temporarily from the university, either compulsorily or voluntarily.

vyloučit ze studií

suspend or expel from a college or university


wrangler

During all this excursion, she condescended to say civil things to him: she quoted Italian and French poetry to the poor bewildered lad, and persisted that he was a fine scholar, and was perfectly sure he would gain a gold medal, and be a Senior Wrangler.

1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter XXXIV, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:

(UK, education, Cambridge University) A student who has completed the third year of the mathematical tripos with first-class honours.

(US, education, New England, derogatory) A special education teacher.


tutelary

en-adj

tutelary (comparative more tutelary, superlative most tutelary)

more tutelary (comparative)
most tutelary (superlative)

From Latin tūtēlārius (“guardian”), from tūtēla (“tutelage, guardianship; dependent, client”) + -ārius (suffix denoting an agent of use); analysable as tutelar + -ary.

University of Cambridge
University of Oxford
William of Nottingham II

She loved him so passionately, and he was so godlike in her eyes; and being, though untrained, instinctively refined, her nature cried for his tutelary guidance. And thus, though Tess kept repeating to herself, 'I can never be his wife,' the words were vain.

1891, Thomas Hardy, “Chapter XXIX”, in Tess of the d'Urbervilles: A Pure Woman: Faithfully Presented by Thomas Hardy in Three Volumes, volume II, London: James R. Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., 45 Albemarle Street, →OCLC, pages 104–105:


tutelary

The qualifications demanded in a tutelary are activity combined with power over the minor malignant devils. Thus most of the superior celestial Buddhas and Bodhisats may be, and are, tutelaries. But the favourite ones are the great demon-kings, […]

1895, L[aurence] Austine Waddell, “Pantheon and Images”, in The Buddhism of Tibet: or Lamaism, with its Mystic Cults, Symbolism and Mythology, and in its Relation to Indian Buddhism, London: W. H. Allen & Co., →OCLC, page 361:

Thus, various Amerind tribes are devoted to foot-racing; yet the races are not tests of swiftness so much as divinatory or invocatory acts designed to appeal to tutelaries, and are usually set by seasons for planting or harvesting or hunting.

1906, Daniel Coit Gilman, Harry Thurston Peck, Frank Moore Colby, editors, The New International Encyclopedia, volume XII, New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead & Company, →OCLC, page 766:

A tutelary is not a special sort of spirit or shrine; the word refers either to a clan shrine, which is theoretically the same for all members, or to the specific shrine or ancestor indicated by a diviner as being a man's own guardian spirit. Each individual has such a tutelary, but will not be aware of its name unless a diviner has been consulted.

1962, Jack Goody, Death, Property and the Ancestors: A Study of the Mortuary Customs of the LoDagaa of West Africa, London: Tavistock Publications, OCLC 8211112; republished as Death, Property and the Ancestors: A Study of the Mortuary Customs of the Lodagaa of West Africa, London: Routledge, 2004, ISBN 978-0-415-32984-2, page 210

To abate cold weather, the aid of tutelaries such as West Wind, Rain, and Thunder was invoked. Appropriate tutelaries might, upon appeal, bring snow upon enemies. During the Modoc War, a shaman acted to bring down the shielding fog against the army's advance.

1998, David H[eath] French, Kathrine S[tory] French, “Wasco, Wishram, and Cascades”, in Deward E. Walker, Jr., editor, Plateau (Handbook of North American Indians; 12), Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, →ISBN, page 460:

(religion, chiefly paganism) A deity or spirit serving as a guardian or protector of a place, person, culture, etc.; a tutelar, a tutelary deity.


Charlotte

From French Charlotte in the 17th century, a female diminutive form of Charles, from Middle High German Karl, which came from the Germanic *karlaz. The civil parish is named after Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1744-1818). Coined by British-Dutch surveyor Samuel Holland.

coin

University of North Carolina at Charlotte.


gulf

From Middle English gulf, goulf, golf, from Old French golf, from Italian golfo, from Late Latin colfos, from Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos, “bosom, gulf”), of obscure origin, but possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kʷelp- (“to curve, arch”).

der

Some ten or fifteen men just on the line, not enough to be plucked or good enough to be placed, are put into the "gulf," as it is popularly called (the Examiners' phrase is "Degrees allowed"), and have their degrees given to them but are not printed in the calendar, nor were they at this time allowed to try for the Classical Tripos.

1852, Charles Astor Bristed, Five Years in an English University, page 205:

(Oxbridge slang) The bottom part of a list of those awarded a degree, for those who have only just passed.


gulf

en-verb

gulf (third-person singular simple present gulfs, present participle gulfing, simple past and past participle gulfed)

gulfs (present singular third-person)
gulfing (participle present)
gulfed (participle past)
gulfed (past)

The mention of gulfed and plucked men brings me back to myself.

1852, Charles Astor Bristed, Five Years in an English University, pages 228–229:

The good Professor scolded, predicted that they would all be either gulfed or ploughed.

1863, Henry Kingsley, Austin Elliot, page 123:

Everyone who knows the Senate House may anticipate the result. When the Tripos of 1822 made its appearance his name did not grace the list. In short, to use the expressive vocabulary of the university, Macaulay was gulfed:—a mishap which disabled him from contending for the Chancellor's medals, then the crowning trophies of a classical career.

1876, Sir George Otto Trevelyan, The life and Letters of Lord Macaulay, volume 1, page 83:

(Oxbridge slang, transitive) To award a degree to somebody who has only just passed sufficiently.


scholarship

en-noun

scholarship (countable and uncountable, plural scholarships)

/ˈskɑːləɹʃɪp/

(Australia, dated) The first year of high school, often accompanied by exams that needed to be passed before advancement to the higher grades.


grant-in-aid

Providing funds to an institution (such as a school) or person to subsidize a specific project or activity, such as a scholarship.


Miami

Miami
Miami (disambiguation)
en:Lake Okeechobee
en:Mayaimi
en:Miami River (Florida)

From Mayaimi, one of only ten words recorded from the language of the now-extinct Mayaimi people, meaning "big water", referring to the large lake on whose shores they lived, alternately called Lake Miami, Lake Mayimi, Lake Maymi, Lake Maimi; now called Lake Okeechobee. The Florida city is named for the Miami River. The river is named for its source, Lake Miami.

Miami-Dade County
Miami-Dade County#English

A city, the county seat of Miami-Dade County, Florida.

Ellipsis of Miami River.; A river in Miami-Dade County, Florida, a river flowing past the city of Miami, Dade.


Miami

From Miami Myaamia, the endonym for the tribe in Miami-Illinois, an Algonquian language.


tab

Clipping of Cantab, from Cantabrigian, from Latin Cantabrigia (“Cambridge”).

You should have been there---it was a good race. Just to clarify matters for the hard of understanding, the tabs led for about 1500m before turning to shrapnel, and Oxford eventually won by 3/4 length.

1995 January 20, Paul Thomas, “Re: >Re: Those 'orrible Tabs”, in rec.sport.rowing (Usenet):

Before Rachel gets in with a stab at the Tabs' coxing efforts, may I say that my experience of coxes on the Isis is somewhat similar.

1995 February 7, "Laser Cartridge" [username], “Re: Cambridge News, again.”, in rec.sport.rowing (Usenet):

Plus, there's always been a healthy rivalry between the tabs and us, but I'm sure this has nothing to do with it ;-)

1998 January 17, whitey [username], “Re: Tab bashing (was University Challenge - Its pish)”, in rec.arts.tv.uk.misc (Usenet):

I hope the Tabs get beaten! :-) I support Oxford for no real reason but they have a bad habit of losing to Cambridge recently.

2002 March 27, The Guv'nor [username], “Re: My target this week was...”, in uk.rec.bodybuilding (Usenet):

I have nothing against the girl (other than the fact she's a tab!), but it does strike me as a little daft!!

2002 March 29, Caroline Smith, “Re: Lifejackets thread returns... [was Re: Boat Race]”, in rec.sport.rowing (Usenet):

Anybody know who won? ¶ Or should that be, how much did the Tabs win by? ;-)

2006 March 30, JY [username], “Veterans Boat Race (that's Oxford, England vs Cambridge, England)”, in rec.sport.rowing (Usenet):

(Oxbridge slang) A student of Cambridge University.


prefect

From Middle English prefect and prefecte, from Old French prefect (Mod. French préfet), from Latin praefectus (“one placed in charge, overseer, director, prefect”), from praeficere (“to place in charge”).

prefekt

the head of a prefecture, whether a Japanese prefecture, French department, or Balkan county

(British) A school pupil in a position of power over other pupils.

風紀 /风纪

a school pupil in a position of power over other pupils


retain

en-verb

retain (third-person singular simple present retains, present participle retaining, simple past and past participle retained)

retains (present singular third-person)
retaining (participle present)
retained (participle past)
retained (past)
retain (infinitive)

From Late Middle English reteinen, retein (“to continue to keep, retain; to continue to possess; to possess; to contain; to draw back, retire; to hold back, restrain; to keep in mind, remember; to take back, repossess; to appoint; to engage in one’s service, employ, hire”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman reteiner, retenir [and other forms], Middle French retenir, and Old French retenir (“to keep back, retain; to keep, maintain, preserve; to possess; to engage in one’s service, employ; to detain; to hold back, restrain; to remember”) (modern French retenir), from Vulgar Latin *retinīre, from Latin retinēre, the present active infinitive of retineō (“to keep or hold back, detain, retain; to hold in check, stop; to hold fast, maintain; to keep in mind, remember”) (compare Late Latin retineō (“to keep engaged in one’s service”)), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again’) + teneō (“to grasp, hold; to hold fast, restrain; to possess; to keep in mind, remember”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to extend, stretch”)).
Sense 1.10 (“to declare (a sin) not forgiven”) is derived from John 20:23 in the Bible, in Late Latin quorum retinueritis, retenta sunt, and in Koine Greek ἄν τινων κρατῆτε, κεκράτηνται: see the 1526 quotation.
Cognates
* Catalan retenir
* Italian retenere (obsolete), ritenere
* Portuguese reter
* Spanish retener

nb...

retainen, retayne, reteign, reteigne, reteine, retene, retenne, reteyene, reteygn, reteygne, reteyign, reteyn, reteyne, retine

restenir, reteigner, reteingner, retener, retenier, retiner

lang

ἄν τινων κρατῆτε, κεκράτηνται

ἄν τινων κρατῆτε, κεκράτηνται

أَبْقَى

to keep (something) in control or possession; to continue having (something)

Often followed by from: to hold back (someone or something); to check, to prevent, to restrain, to stop.

(education) To hold back (a pupil) instead of allowing them to advance to the next class or year; to keep back.


recess

en-noun

recess (countable and uncountable, plural recesses)

The noun is borrowed from Latin recessus (“act of going back, departure, receding, retiring; (figuratively) retreat, withdrawal; (metonymically) distant, secluded, or secret spot, corner, nook, retreat; recessed part, indentation”) (also Late Latin recessus (“decree or resolution of the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire”)), from recēdō (“to go back, recede, retire, withdraw; to go away, depart; (by extension) to disappear, vanish; to separate; to stand back, be distant; to yield”) (from re- (prefix meaning ‘back, backwards’) + cēdō (“to go, move, proceed”)) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs); influenced by Middle French recès, French recès (“a break, pause; break between classes in school; school vacation; ebbing of tide; reduction”) (also Anglo-Norman recès and Old French recès (“hiding place; hollow”).
Sense 5 (“decree or resolution of the diet of the Holy Roman Empire, etc.”) is possibly influenced by Italian recesso and refers to a decree or resolution made just before a meeting ends.
The adjective and verb are derived from the noun.
Cognates
* Catalan recés
* Italian recesso
* Middle French recès (modern French recès)
* Portuguese recesso
* Spanish receso

syvyys

hidden, innermost, or inaccessible place or part of a place

فُسْحة

temporary stoppage of an activity — see also break, pause

Students who do not listen in class will not play outside during recess.

(countable) A temporary stoppage of an activity; a break, a pause.

(Australia, British, Canada, US, Philippines, education) A time away from studying during the school day for a meal or recreation.


lector

From Middle English lector, lectoure, lectour, from Late Latin lēctor, from legō (“I read”). “Voice-over” sense probably adapted from Polish lektor.

(education) A public lecturer or reader at some universities.


undergraduate

A student at a university who has not yet received a degree.

студе́нт

университе́та, ко́лледжа


DCL

en-noun

DCL (countable and uncountable, plural DCLs)

Doctor of Civil Law
w:Doctor of Civil Law

(British, education) Initialism of Doctor of Civil Law.


borstal

Inherited from Middle English *borstile, *borghstile, from Old English beorh (“a hill”) + stigel (“a stile”).
The institutions are named after Borstal Prison in Borstal, Rochester, Kent, England.

You have juvenile courts. Do you have borstal institutions for juveniles?

2004, August 3, Speaker of the Kenyan National Assembly, Kenya National Assembly Official Record, Hansard, page 3126

Seven years ago, I was sent to borstal. Slithering around in the societal sludge, I was forced to admit I'd made a huge mistake – committing robbery.

2011 November 7, Paris Lees, “My Transsexual Summer: a new view of gender”, in The Guardian:

(British, Ireland) Any institution which provides education to young offenders.


tandem

tandem (countable and uncountable, plural tandems)

PIE word
 *téh₂m
The noun is borrowed from Latin tandem (“of time: at last, at length, finally”), applied humorously in English to two horses harnessed “at length” (that is, in a single line) instead of side-by-side. Tandem is derived from tam (“so, to such an extent”) + -dem (demonstrative suffix).
The adjective, adverb, and verb are derived from the noun.

tandem

carriage pulled by two or more draught animals harnessed one behind the other; two draught animals harnessed one behind the other

tandem-

thing with two components arranged one behind the other

Spanish and English tandem learners discuss the meaning of a given word in a semi-structured conversation. […] Tandem learning is the term used to describe the learning which takes place when native speakers and learners of each other's language learn from each other and help each other learn. […] Tandem learners are responsible for identifying their own needs, setting their own coals and finding means to achieve them.

2007, Jane Woodin, “Intercultural Positioning: Tandem Conversations about Word Meaning”, in Regina Weinert, editor, Spoken Language Pragmatics: An Analysis of Form-Function Relations, London; New York, N.Y.: Continuum, →ISBN, page 208:

(uncountable, education) A method of language learning based on mutual exchange, where ideally each learner is a native speaker in the language the other person wants to learn.


backbencher

Classmates naturally turn to look at the backbencher, who must acknowledge his presence, with some embarrassment.

1978, Ralph Canada, Charles Cheatham, Tony Licata, Surviving the first year of law school, page 37:

The teacher also gets an idea of the "backbenchers" or the slow students since he can see which desk is still to send an answer.

2000 March, Renu Sahni, Nandita Satsangee, Vishal Sahni, Soami P. Satangee, “Intelligent Class Rooms of the Future”, in Proceedings of the National Seminar on Applied Systems Engineering and Soft Computing, →ISBN, page 630:

When I was in a primary school, I was a backbencher student.

2014, Jill Brown, Navigating International Academia: Research Student Narratives, →ISBN, page 630:

(education) A student who does not perform well, especially one who sits at the back of the classroom.


loop

en-verb

loop (third-person singular simple present loops, present participle looping, simple past and past participle looped)

loops (present singular third-person)
looping (participle present)
looped (participle past)
looped (past)

From Middle English loupe (“noose, loop”), earlier lowp-knot (“loop-knot”), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse hlaup (“a run”), used in the sense of a "running knot", from hlaupa (“to leap”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *hlaupaną (“to leap, run”). Compare Swedish löp-knut (“loop-knot”), Danish løb-knude (“a running knot”), Danish løb (“a course”). More at leap. The verb is derived from the noun.

der

Tolland Middle School in Connecticut where close to four hundred middle school students participated in looping, students from looped classroom structures scored much higher than students from prior years without the looped structure on standardized tests in mathematics and writing.

2003, Lisa Lynn Snyder, An Investigation of Elementary Looping Practices and Outcomes in a Rural School District, page 54:

(education, transitive, intransitive) To have the teacher progress through multiple school years with the same students.


hot dog

1894 (US college slang) from hot + dog (in reference to supposed source of the meat), both the sense of frankfurter in a roll, and of show-off.

com

Coordinate term: hamburger

(US, education, informal) Describing the shape of a rectangular piece of paper folded in half so that it forms a long rectangle.


major in

en-verb

major in (third-person singular simple present majors in, present participle majoring in, simple past and past participle majored in)

majors in (present singular third-person)
majoring in (participle present)
majored in (participle past)
majored in (past)

John majored in Computer Science, while Jane majored in Art.

(US, Canada, education) To take (something) as one's major field of study in an institute of tertiary education (such as a college or university).


HYPSM

Further, he need NOT go to a name college (i.e., HYPSM) to make me happy (i.e., to affirm that I have passed my role as a father).

2000, shaker, "Confessions of the Father of A Prospective College Student," soc.college.admissions http://groups.google.com/group/soc.college.admissions/browse_thread/thread/e238ba2fb2551249/2cb6f9ceb182d97c?lnk=st&q=hypsm&rnum=2#2cb6f9ceb182d97c

"Your list should not include HYPSM plus your local state university. That's just irresponsible and foolish."

2001, Dave Berry, David Hawsey, America's Elite Colleges, page 145:


truancy

en-noun

truancy (countable and uncountable, plural truancies)

The act of shirking from responsibilities and duties, especially from attending school.

кръшкане

the act of shirking from responsibilities and duties


legacy

From Middle English legacie, from Old French legacie and Medieval Latin lēgātia, from Latin lēgātum.

Because she was a legacy, her mother's sorority rushed her.

(education) The descendant of an alumnus, given preference in academic admissions.


school counselor

school counselor (plural school counselors)

(US) A professional member of an educational team who assists students in their personal, social, academic, and career development aspects of education through services such as individual counseling, small group counseling, and classroom teaching, and provide leadership in educational reform (advocacy); traditionally known as a guidance counselor, although this term is deemed inaccurate by most professionals today.


tutorial

/tʊˈtɔɹijəɫ/

/tʃʉˈtoːɹiəɫ/

The adjective is from tutor (noun) + -ial, ultimately from Latin tūtor (“watcher, protector, defender”). The noun is transferred from the adjective.

der

(education) A self-paced learning exercise; a lesson prepared so that a student can learn at their own speed or convenience.

(education) An interactive class taught by a tutor to students at university or college, individually or in small groups.


educate

en-verb

educate (third-person singular simple present educates, present participle educating, simple past and past participle educated)

educates (present singular third-person)
educating (participle present)
educated (participle past)
educated (past)

/ˈɛd͡ʒ.ʊˌkeɪt/

/ˈɛd͡ʒ.əˌkeɪt/

/ˈɛd͡ʒ.ʊˌkeɪt/

From Latin educatus, past participle of educare (“to "bring up or rise up or train or mould or nourish" (a child, physically or mentally), rear, educate, train (a person in learning or art), nourish, support, or produce (plants or animals)”), frequentative of educere, past participle eductus (“to "bring out or lead out or draw out or rear" (a child, usually with reference to bodily nurture or support, while educare refers more frequently to the mind)”), from e (“out”) + ducere (“to lead, draw”).

Wang said such changes to the Baishui glacier provide the chance to educate visitors about global warming.

воспита́ть pf (vospitátʹ, literally “bring up, raise”)


chancellor

/ˈtʃɑːnsələ/

/ˈt͡ʃænsələ/

Angela Merkel
Frick Collection
Hans Holbein the Younger
Thomas More

From Anglo-Norman or Middle English chaunceler, chanceler, canceler (“chief administrative or executive officer of a ruler; chancellor, secretary; private secretary, scribe; Lord Chancellor of England; officer of the ruler's exchequer; a high administrative or executive officer (for example, a deputy or representative of a bishop; the head of a university)”), from Old French cancelier, chancelier (“chancellor”), from Late Latin cancellārius (“secretary; doorkeeper, porter; usher of a court of law stationed at the bars separating the public from the judges”), from Latin cancellī (plural of cancellus (“grate; bars, barrier; railings”), diminutive of cancer (“grid; barrier”), from Proto-Italic *karkros (“enclosure”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend, turn”)) + -ārius (suffix forming nouns denoting an agent of use).
The word was present as Late Old English canceler, cancheler, from Norman cancheler, but was displaced in the 13th century by the Old French and Anglo-Norman forms mentioned above.

refn

From the Frick Collection in New York City, New York, USA.

مُسْتَشَار

senior secretary or official with administrative or legal duties, sometimes in charge of some area of government

When the extremely arduous duties of the Prime Minister’s [Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury’s] political life are considered, it will be understood that, if the Chancellorship of the University entailed any serious amount of work, it would have been impossible for him to continue in the office. As a matter of fact, this is not the case. There are Chancellor’s Prizes which he gives, but he does not present them in person. There is a Chancellor’s Court to which University men may be summoned, but it is invariably presided over by the Vice-Chancellor, who is, in fact, the one really executive authority. Sometimes the Chancellor heads deputations to Court, and sometimes (but rarely) he comes to [the University of] Oxford to preside over some special function, when his weighty words are greatly valued.

1902, Frederick Douglas How, “The Marquis of Salisbury”, in Donald Macleod, editor, Good Words, London: Isbister and Company Limited […], →OCLC, section II (Oxford Days), pages 141–142:

(education) The head of a university, sometimes purely ceremonial.


open house

(US, education) A casual school event where the school invites parents or guardians to tour their child's school and meet the teachers.

vanhempaintilaisuus

(US) casual school event to which the school invites parents or guardians


Bachelor of Science

en-noun

Bachelor of Science (plural Bachelors of Science)

A three- to four-year (about 120 credit hours) undergraduate degree, with a concentration in the sciences or scientific applications.

бакалавър

three- to four-year undergraduate degree


Bachelor of Arts

Bachelor of Arts (plural Bachelors of Arts)

A collegiate degree, usually involving three to four years of study (about 120 semester hours) in liberal arts.


articulation

articulation (countable and uncountable, plural articulations)

From Middle English articulacioun, from Old French articulacion, from Medieval Latin articulatio. Equivalent to articulate + -ion.

The latter reason ranked first in Item 1 as the reason for liking high school this year, giving emphasis to the fact that differences in the new school level may be either a factor of articulation, depending somewhat on how well informed the student is about his new level.

1949, Wilfred Mason Landrus, Articulation Between the Elementary and Secondary School Levels, page 47:

A survey of college provisions for high school-college articulation cannot alone serve to describe the total effort that is being made or should be made in this direction.

1950, Committee on High School-College Relationships, High School-college Curriculum Articulation in Minnesota, page 18:

(education) The induction of a pupil into a new school or college.


Master of Science

Master of Science (plural Masters of Science)

A degree that usually requires 2-3 years beyond a Bachelor of Science and emphasizes science and scientific applications. The degree is less advanced than a Doctorate degree.


DVM

Dalvik Virtual Machine
w:Dalvik (software)


immersion

immersion (countable and uncountable, plural immersions)

From late Middle English, borrowed from Late Latin immersiō, immersiōnem (“dipping”).

потапяне

the act of immersing or the condition of being immersed

Although numerous studies have reported the effectiveness of immersion programmes in developing relatively high levels of second language proficiency without any tradeoff of first language development or subject matter mastery, little is known of immersion education in Japan.

2001, Mary Goebel Noguchi, Sandra Fotos, Studies in Japanese Bilingualism, Multilingual Matters, →ISBN, page 272:

(education) A form of foreign-language teaching where the language is used intensively to teach other subjects to a student.


swot

From a dialectal English word, from Middle English swot, swat, from Old English swāt (“perspiration; sweat”), from Proto-Germanic *swaitą (“sweat”). More at sweat.

inh

(slang, British) Vigorous study at an educational institution.


B

From the use of the letter ‘B’ as an arbitrary label among other letter labels.
* (personality type): from contrast with the letter ‘A’ and its corresponding personality type
* (academic grade): from the position of the letter ‘B’ in the English alphabet

An academic grade, better than a C and worse than an A.


Brown

en-prop

Brown (countable and uncountable, plural Browns)

From Middle English Broun, originally a nickname for someone with brown hair or a dark complexion. In the United States, sometimes an anglicization and translation of German Braun. Doublet of Bruno and Braun.

بْرَاوْن

transliterations of the English name "Brown"

de Bruyn

surname meaning "brown", or indicating a dark complexion


C

Dr. Cohen himself got a C in his first formal course in geography, during a summer program at Harvard after he graduated from high school. But he went on to earn three degrees and become the executive director of the Association of American Geographers and a leading expert in political and human geography — a specialty field that explores the impact of natural and arbitrary borders, territory, resources and populations on a nation’s cultural, social and economic development, as well as its relations with other countries.

2021 June 18, Sam Roberts, “Saul B. Cohen, Who Helped Raise CUNY Standards, Dies at 95”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 2021-06-18:

(education) An academic grade better than a D and worse than a B.


D

From the position (4) of the letter D in the English alphabet.

(education, chiefly Canada, US) A grade awarded for a class, better than outright failure (which can be F or E depending on the institution) and worse than a C.


DSL

(UK, education) Initialism of designated safeguarding lead.


Duke

en-proper noun

Duke (countable and uncountable, plural Dukes)

(informal) Ellipsis of Duke University, a private university in Durham, North Carolina, USA.


E

1999, Julian Stallabrass, High Art Lite: British Art in the 1990s, Verso, →ISBN, page 25,
In line with this, he is marketed not only as a mental innocent, but as a class primitive, someone who only got an E in A-level art […]

a'''2003, Rick, quoted in Linda MacDowell, Redundant Masculinities?: Employment Change and White Working Class Youth, Blackwell Publishing (2003), →ISBN, page 198,
My results weren’t that great, to be honest. I weren’t right happy with them; I got an E in Maths and that were a surprise, but I did get a B in Technology – that were all right.

2005, S. J. Smith, Joe Public, Virtualbookworm Publishing, →ISBN, page 125,
Not really, but perhaps I’d have got an ‘E’ in Tech Drawing no matter how much I’d asserted myself. Maybe Mr. Pinkerton would have seen to it that my exam paper was tampered with. A spot of teacher to student revenge.

2005, Craig Taylor, Light, Reverb, →ISBN, page 103,
But she didn’t get the bit about my accidental artistic career, “But you can’t draw love. You got an E in your exam. I remember that. You drew that onion that looked like a boil.”

The grade below D in some grading systems. In most such systems, it is a failing grade.


F

Abbreviation.
# (stenoscript) Abbreviation of full, fully.
# (stenoscript) suffixes -full, -fully.

ng

<i class="Latn mention" lang="en">fully</i>.

A failing grade, with the next best grade being either a D or an E (some institutions issue Es instead of Fs).

(UK) A grade lower than E but higher than G.

An academic grade, specifically:
A grade lower than E but higher than G.


G

en-noun

G (countable and uncountable, plural Gs)

(UK, education) The academic grade that comes next below F.


House

en-proper noun

House (countable and uncountable, plural Houses)

* As an English surname, from the noun house.
* Also as an English surname, variant of Howes.
* Also as a topographic English surname, from a derivative of Old English hyse (“place overgrown with water plants”), from hos (“bramble, thorn, sprout”). This may have also made its way into Hose, Huss.
* As a German surname, calqued from the surname Haus.

der

(Oxford University slang, dated) Christ Church, Oxford.


K

Abbreviations.
# (stenoscript) Abbreviation of counter, prefix counter-, sequence contr.

ng

prefix <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">counter-</i>, sequence contr.

"K-8" is Kindergarten through eighth grade.

(education, US) Abbreviation of kindergarten.


Lent

Shortened form of Lenten, from Old English lencten, from Proto-West Germanic *langatīn (“spring”), as in a season into which days lengthen as it progresses. Related to German Lenz and Dutch lente (“springtime”).

الصَّوْم الْأَرْبَعِينِيّ

Christian period of penitence before Easter


Mason

George Mason University
w:en:George Mason University

(informal) Ellipsis of George Mason University..


Smith

en-proper noun

Smith (countable and uncountable, plural Smiths)

⇒ Translingual: smithi, smithii

From smith or Middle English Smith (“a surname”), alternative form of Smyth, itself from smyth (“smith”). Doublet of Schmidt, Smid, and Smit.

Nallbani

surnames derived from the equivalents of “smith”

Smith College (a women's college in Massachusetts, U.S.)


Sweet Sixteen

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Sweet Sixteen.wav

The new coach has just led the Nimrods to their first Sweet Sixteen.

(basketball, US, informal) An appearance in the Sweet Sixteen.


Trinity

(UK, Ireland, law, education) Ellipsis of Trinity term.


U

An abbreviation of a word or term beginning with the letter U. Adjective sense 1 (“characteristic of the upper classes”) was coined by British linguist Alan S. C. Ross (1907–1980) in a 1954 article, and popularized by the English journalist and writer Nancy Mitford (1904–1973).


U

en-adj

U (not generally comparable, comparative Uer, superlative Uest)

(not comparable, education, espionage) Usually in parentheses: abbreviation of unclassified.


Head Start

In the United States, a government-funded preschool program for impoverished children.


CDT

en-noun

CDT (countable and uncountable, plural CDTs)

(UK, education, historical) Initialism of craft, design, and technology.


seminar

→ Dutch: seminar
→ Indonesian: seminar

→ Japanese: セミナー (seminā)

→ Korean: 세미나 (semina)

→ Swahili: semina

→ Tagalog: seminar

⇒ Thai: สัมมนา (sǎm-má-naa) (phono-semantic matching)

→ Turkish: seminer

→ Welsh: seminar

From German Seminar, from Latin sēminārium, from sēmen (“seed”). Compare seminary.

A class held for advanced studies in which students meet regularly to discuss original research, under the guidance of a professor.


PETA

performance task
performance task#English

(Philippines, education) Initialism of performance task.


grammar school

Bradshaw eulogises again about "considerable manufactures of woollen cloth", plus the "excellent grammar school, founded by Edward VI".

2022 October 5, Stephen Roberts, “Bradshaw's Britain: Reading to Southampton: Frome”, in RAIL, number 967, page 56:

(chiefly UK) A secondary school that stresses academic over practical or vocational education, until recent times open to those pupils who had passed the 11-plus examination.

文法學校 /文法学校

secondary school that stresses academic education


comprehensive school

comprehensive school (plural comprehensive schools)

secondary modern school
secondary modern school

(British) a normal secondary school, accepting pupils of all abilities; replaced the secondary modern schools and grammar schools


GED

He’d had the thought of getting his GED in the back of his mind for a while.

2019, Colson Whitehead, The Nickel Boys, Fleet, page 138:

General Educational Development
w:General Educational Development

(US, education) Initialism of General Educational Development.

(US, education) Initialism of general education degree/diploma.


FD

foundation degree
foundation degree#English

(education) Initialism of foundation degree.


SIS

information system
information system#English

(education) Initialism of student information system.


MCR

(education) Initialism of middle common room.


return demonstration

return demonstration (plural return demonstrations)

(education) An educational technique in which someone demonstrates what they have just been taught, or had demonstrated to them.


LOTE

(education) Initialism of language(s) other than English.


ISD

ISD (countable and uncountable, plural ISDs)

Initialism of intermediate school district.

Initialism of independent school district.


diagnostic

en-adj

diagnostic (comparative more diagnostic, superlative most diagnostic)

more diagnostic (comparative)
most diagnostic (superlative)

A diagnostic assessment

(education) Intended to assess a student's preexisting knowledge on the material being taught.


acroamatic

acroamatic (comparative more acroamatic, superlative most acroamatic)

more acroamatic (comparative)
most acroamatic (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin acroamaticus, acroaticus (“esoteric”), at first chiefly in reference to the “esoteric” and originally oral teachings of Aristotle, from Ancient Greek ἀκροαματικός (akroamatikós, “for hearing only; esoteric”), from ἀκροάομαι (akroáomai, “to listen”).

der

ἀκροαματικός

Coordinate term: erotematic

Up to that time the “acroamatic” method had been used in which the catechist gave a lecture, and the children were only listeners (ἀκροᾶσθαι).

1959, Josef Andreas Jungmann, Handing on the Faith: A Manual of Catechetics, page 28:

[Questions’] employment here does not mark a shift from the acroamatic (lecture-based) to the erotematic (interrogatory) method, for the answers are not known.

2015, Nils F. Schott, "A Mother to All" in Love and Forgiveness for a More Just World, p. 108, n. 45

(education) Based on lectures or exposition by monologue.


UC

Coordinate term: CSU

“Twelve pesticides commonly applied to citrus groves are slated for study in the project’s plots,” reports Tom S. Bellows, UC Riverside assistant entomologist. They include four acaricides (Morestan, Kelthane, Pictran, Vendex), four thripsicides (Cygon, Carzol, Orthene, Sabadilla), and four scalicides (Parathion, Supracide, Lorsban, Sevin).

1983 May 26, “Pesticide residue effects under study”, in The Californian, volume 25, number 16, Temecula, Calif., page A-11:

Initialism of University of California. A university system in California

University of California
w:University of California

(US)
Initialism of University of Cincinnati.

University of Cincinnati
w:University of Cincinnati

Initialism of University of the Cordilleras.

University of the Cordilleras
w:University of the Cordilleras

(Philippines)
Initialism of University of Cebu.

University of Canberra
w:University of Canberra

(Australia) Initialism of University of Canberra.


ACE

American Council on Education
w:en:American Council on Education

(US, education) Initialism of American Council on Education.


ESP

en-noun

ESP (countable and uncountable, plural ESPs)

(linguistics, education) Initialism of English for specific or special purposes.


walk-on

A student athlete who wants to try out for a college sports or athletic team without the benefit of a scholarship or having been recruited.


CBA

CBA (countable and uncountable, plural CBAs)

(Ireland, education) Initialism of Classroom-Based Asessment


ISS

ISS (countable and uncountable, plural ISSes)

in-school suspension
in-school suspension#English

(education) Initialism of in-school suspension.


SBA

(education) Initialism of single best answer.


chem

chem (countable and uncountable, plural chems)

It boils down to science. Biology, chemistry and physics. I used to hate bio and chem. Now they fascinate me because I’ve realised they make up the world around us as well as us.

2015 June 9, Lilah Raptopoulos, quoting Reed Shapiro, “Young people speak out about their fears and hopes on climate change”, in The Guardian:

(uncountable, university slang, often capitalized) Clipping of chemistry (“branch of natural science”); usually referring to the subject or the department.


CMS

CMS (countable and uncountable, plural CMSes or CMSs)

(education) Initialism of career management skills.


soc

Are you part of any socs this year?

(UK, university slang) A society (circle, club, interest group).


MEd

(education) Initialism of Master of Education.


D.Sc.

Doctor of Science
Doctor of Science#English

(education) Initialism of Doctor of Science.


app

“Ky—please don't take this the wrong way—I actually have to wear a dress from our line. You know, to show off my marketing materials on my college app. So, I'm working on it with Hannah.”

2011, Nicole Leigh Shepherd, Stealing Bases:

(education, informal) application (to a college etc.)


UW

University of Washington
w:University of Washington


SSR

sustained silent reading
w:sustained silent reading

(education) Initialism of sustained silent reading.


kindergarten

kindergarten (plural kindergartens or (obsolete) kindergärten)

kindergartens (plural)
kindergärten (obsolete plural)

/ˈkɪndəɹˌɡɑːɹt(ə)n/

/ˈkɪndəɹˌɡɑːɹd(ə)n/

[ˈkʰɪn(d)əɹˌɡɑːɹt̬(ə)n]

[ˈkʰɪɾ̃əɹˌɡɑːɹʔn̩]

Unadapted borrowing from German Kindergarten (“kindergarten”, literally “garden of children”), coined by German pedagogue Friedrich Fröbel (early 19th century).

ubor

(Canada, US, Australia) The elementary school grade before first grade.

børnehaveklasse

the elementary school grade before first grade


freshers' week

(British) The week before the academic aspects of a university start, when students may socialize and undergo induction.


bursary

Borrowed from Medieval Latin bursaria, from bursarius.

A monetary award to university students that allows them to continue their studies.


bursar

Borrowed from Medieval Latin bursārius, from bursa (“purse”) (English purse).

(Scotland, education) A student funded by a bursary.


Queens

(Oxford University slang) Misspelling of Queen's, referring to the Queen's College, Oxford.

(Cambridge University slang) Misspelling of Queens', referring to Queens' College, Cambridge.


general semantics

An educational discipline based on the notion that certain techniques can enhance one's ability to evaluate and respond to the world


post mortem

From Latin post (“afterwards”) + mortem, from mors (“death”).

(British, university slang, obsolete) At Cambridge, a second examination for those who were "plucked" or failed in the first.


distance learning

Education obtained remotely, often involving written material together with audio-visual material transmitted via the internet and, sometimes, summer schools and local tutorials.