parson

From Middle English persoun, from Anglo-Norman, Old French persone (“parson, person”), from Medieval Latin persona (“parson, person”), from Latin persona (“person”). Doublet of person and persona.

der

a lewde curate,
A parson benyfyced
But nothynge well advysed.

c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, →OCLC, page 62, lines 35–37:

(now chiefly historical) A Roman Catholic priest of an independent parish church.


boatswain

From Middle English botswain, botswein, bote-swayn, from late Old English bātsweġen, from bāt (“boat”) + sweġen (“swain”), the latter element a borrowing from Old Norse sveinn (“boy”); equivalent to boat + swain (“boy, servant”).

The officer (or warrant officer) in charge of sails, rigging, anchors, cables etc. and all work on deck of a sailing ship.


petty officer

A non-commissioned officer in the Canadian, US and UK Navy and the US Coast Guard; roughly equivalent to a sergeant in the army


walker

→ Irish: válcaeir

→ Persian: واکر (vâker)

From Middle English walkere (“one who walks, traveller”), equivalent to walk + -er.

inh

I would ask for the pleasure of your company, Mr. Knightley, but I am a very slow walker, and my pace would be tedious to you; and, besides, you have another long walk before you, to Donwell Abbey.

1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], chapter VIII, in Emma: […], volume I, London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC, page 118:

We hired a walker for the dogs during the day.

2005, Carlo De Vito, 10 Secrets My Dog Taught Me: Life Lessons from a Man's Best Friend, page 88:

The agent noun of to walk: a person who walks or a thing which walks, especially a pedestrian or a participant in a walking race.

(cricket) A batsman or batswoman who directly walks off the field when out without waiting for the umpire's decision.

A single mother of three, Rachel is what Facebook users call as ^([sic]) “walker,” or an online sex worker. Using a dummy account, she posts her sexy photos and informs page visitors that she’s available for sex in exchange for money.

2019 June 22, Charisse Ursal, “Social media lures young people to engage in sex for money”, in Philippine Daily Inquirer:

(Philippines) A prostitute, streetwalker.


joiner

I am not a joiner. I am reluctant to sign up as a member of any organization, because I generally can't find myself or my ideas in it.

2004, Eugene Goodheart, Confessions of a Secular Jew: A Memoir:

A person who joins societies or organizations.


workman

From Middle English werkman, from Old English weorcmann (“workman”), from Proto-West Germanic *werkamann, from Proto-Germanic *werkamann- (“workman”), equivalent to work + -man. Compare Dutch werkman (“workman”), German Werkmann (“labourer, workman”), Icelandic verkamaður (“workman”).


wrangler

Even as I stretched my arms and shivered a little, the two wranglers threw down their tin plates with a clatter, mounted horses and rode away in the direction of the thousand acres or so known as the pasture.

1907, Stewart Edward White, chapter 5, in Arizona Nights:

(US) A cowboy who takes care of saddle horses.

(US) A cowboy who takes care of tourists.

During all this excursion, she condescended to say civil things to him: she quoted Italian and French poetry to the poor bewildered lad, and persisted that he was a fine scholar, and was perfectly sure he would gain a gold medal, and be a Senior Wrangler.

1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter XXXIV, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:

(UK, education, Cambridge University) A student who has completed the third year of the mathematical tripos with first-class honours.

(US, education, New England, derogatory) A special education teacher.


wrestler

From Middle English wrastlere, equivalent to wrestle + -er.

it isn't easy to avoid all the wrestler's holds.

2005, Plato, translated by Lesley Brown, Sophist, page 231c:


colonel

Colonel (U.S. honorary title)
Colonel (disambiguation)

First attested 1548, from Middle French coronnel, from Old Italian colonnello (“the officer of a small company of soldiers (column) that marched at the head of a regiment”), from compagnia colonnella (“little column company”), from Latin columna (“pillar”), originally a collateral form of columen, contraction culmen (“a pillar, top, crown, summit”), o-grade form from a Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise, be elevated, be prominent”). See hill, holm.

der

The colonel and his sponsor made a queer contrast: Greystone long and stringy, with a face that seemed as if a cold wind was eternally playing on it. […] But there was not a more lascivious reprobate and gourmand in all London than this same Greystone.

1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter I, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

A commissioned officer in an armed military organization, typically the highest rank before flag officer ranks (generals). It is generally found in armies, air forces or naval infantry (marines).

kolonel

commissioned office in the armed services

General Charles-Maximilian Fiennes was made colonel of the army.

2009, Ranulph Fiennes, chapter 21, in Mad Dogs and Englishmen: An Expedition Round My Family, London: Hodder & Stoughton, →ISBN, page 284:

(historical) A military leader, distinct from the modern professional military rank.

(US) A form of address for an auctioneer, from the American Civil War practice of commanding officers organizing the public sale of seized goods.


decorator

/ˈdɛkəˌɹeɪtə(ɹ)/

/ˈdɛkəˌɹeɪtɚ/

(British) Painter and wallpaperer of buildings.


butler

From Middle English butler, butlere, boteler, botelere, from Old French buttiler, butiller, boteillier (“officer in charge of wine”), from Medieval Latin botellārius, equivalent to bottle + -er. Piecewise doublet of bottler.

A manservant having charge of wines and liquors.

كَبِير خَدَم

“One marble hall, with staircase complete, one butler and three flunkeys to receive a retired sojer who dares to ring the bell. D'you know, old boy, I gave my bowler to the butler, whangee to one flunkey, gloves to another, and there was the fourth poor blighter looking like an orphan at a Mothers' Meeting. …"

1929, Baldwyn Dyke Acland, chapter 2, in Filibuster:

The chief male servant of a household who has charge of other employees, receives guests, directs the serving of meals, and performs various personal services.

butler

chiefly of butlers called such in other countries


butler

en-verb

butler (third-person singular simple present butlers, present participle butlering, simple past and past participle butlered)

butlers (present singular third-person)
butlering (participle present)
butlered (participle past)
butlered (past)

To buttle, to dispense wines or liquors; to take the place of a butler.


historian

/hɪˈstɔːɹɪən/

/hɪˈstɔəɹɪən/

From Middle English historian, historien, from Old French historien, from Latin historia (“story, history”), equivalent to history + -ian. More at history.

chronist

compiler of chronological lists of events

If this is what real people and societies are like, then it may be appropriate for historians to represent their subjects' lives in storylike form.

1992, Jonathan Gorman, Understanding history, page 65:

The patient is unconscious when the syncopal event takes place and therefore is a poor historian.

2007, Joyce E. Dains, Linda Ciofu Baumann, Pamela Scheibel, Advanced Health Assessment and Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care:

(medicine) One who recounts their own medical history.


annalist

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-annalist.wav

Borrowed from French annaliste, equivalent to annal + -ist.

The monks […] were the only annalists during those ages.

1754-1762, David Hume, The History of England:

A writer of annals; a chronicler; a historian.


ventriloquist

Most ridiculous is the discomfiture which attends the opponents of predication, who, like the ventriloquist Eurycles, have the voice that answers them in their own breast.

1871, Benjamin Jowett, The Sophist, translation of original by Plato:

"Oh, I am a ventriloquist," said the little man. "I can throw the sound of my voice wherever I wish, so that you thought it was coming out of the Head. […]"

1900 May 17, L[yman] Frank Baum, “Chapter 15”, in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chicago, Ill.; New York, N.Y.: Geo[rge] M[elvin] Hill Co., →OCLC:

A person, especially an entertainer, who practices ventriloquism.


veterinary surgeon

en-noun

veterinary surgeon (plural veterinary surgeons)

A doctor who practices veterinary medicine; a vet.


vice admiral

(nautical) A person holding a naval rank between rear admiral and full admiral.


vice president

vice presidents (plural)
VP (abbreviation)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-vice president.wav

A deputy to a president, often empowered to assume the position of president on their death or absence.


viceroy

From Middle French vice-roy, from vice- + roy (“king”).

An orange and black North American butterfly (Limenitis archippus), so named because it is similar to, but smaller than, the monarch butterfly.


jitterbug

desctree

Japanese: ジルバ (jiruba)
Chinese: 吉魯巴／吉鲁巴 (jílǔbā)

/ˈd͡ʒɪtə(ɹ)bʌɡ/

From jitter + bug, after the 1934 Cab Calloway song Jitter Bug.

Synonym of diddley bow (“type of stringed instrument”)


basileus

Borrowed from Ancient Greek βασιλεύς (basileús, “chief, king”).

bor

For two centuries its towers and domes were to rise in the heavens, drawing the attention of Emperors and Basilei, of Popes and Patriarchs.

Although portrayals of basileis of the eleventh century wearing the loros in the traditional manner are not lacking, I cannot cite a Byzantine example of metropolitan origin later than 1100.

1990, Ernst Kitzinger, The Mosaics of St. Mary’s of the Admiral in Palermo, Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, →ISBN, page 192:

The revitalization of the Byzantine Empire during the reigns of the energetic and capable basilei of the Comnens dynasty: Alexios I (1081-1118), John II (1118-1143) and Manuel (1143-1180), and the wars with a Rum Sultanate troubled by dynastic fights drastically diminished its possessions in Anatolia.

2003, Victor Spinei, The Great Migrations in the East and South East of Europe from the Ninth to the Thirteenth Century, Romanian Cultural Institute, →ISBN, page 193:

It is quite easy to establish the identity of these “Roman princes” who reoccupied Pannonia after Attila’s death: they were the basilei from Constantinople who, after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, claimed to be the only successors of the Caesars (around the turn of the 9ᵗʰ century they began to call themselves “basilei of the Romans”—“basileis ton Romanon” or “Romaion”).

2007, Transylvanian Review, volume 16, Romanian Cultural Foundation, page 16:

In our third example, the tyrant Nabis usurped power from the traditional, dual basileis of Sparta, then had them executed.

2017, Michael Martin, City of the Sun: Development and Popular Resistance in the Pre-Modern West, New York, N.Y.: Algora Publishing, →ISBN, page 64:

The basileis of the Iron Age were now replaced with various appointed and elected magistrates.

2020, David B. Small, “Institutional Evolution of Ancient Greece”, in Dmitri M[ikhailovich] Bondarenko, Stephen A. Kowalewski, David B. Small, editors, The Evolution of Social Institutions: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (World-Systems Evolution and Global Futures), Springer Nature, →ISBN, page 274:

It would probably be worth seeking a possible connection-and-overlay between the name of one of the Byzantine basilei of the 9th century and the godfather of Boris I, Michael III, and that of the Bulgarian ruler Boris-Michael himself, who also lived in that age.

2020, Tsvetelin Stepanov, translated by Daria Manova, Waiting for the End of the World: European Dimensions, 950–1200 (East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450; 57), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 251:

“Peter and Maria basilei of Bugaria,” “Peter and Maria in Christ autocrats of the Bulgarians,” and “Peter and Maria in Christ august autocrats and basilei.”

2023, Christian Raffensperger, Rulers and Rulership in the Arc of Medieval Europe, 1000-1200, Abingdon, Oxon, New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN:


prestidigitator

One who performs feats of prestidigitation; a sleight-of-hand artist.


cowgirl

A woman who tends free-range cattle, especially in the American West.


G-man

Probably abbreviated from government man.

Any person working for the US government, especially in undercover work.


football player

en-noun

football player (plural football players)

(Canada, US) One who plays gridiron football.

association football
association football

(soccer, UK) One who plays association football, aka soccer.

(American football, US) One who plays American football.

(Canadian football, Canada) One who plays Canadian football.


cartoonist

→ Indonesian: kartunis

(comics) One who creates a cartoon or strip cartoon.

cartooniste m or f dessinateur de dessins animés

(comics) One who both writes and illustrates comic books or graphic novels.

sarjakuvataiteilija

person who writes and illustrates comic books


stadtholder

Adapted from Dutch stadhouder (literally “city holder”) (obsolete spelling: stadthouder), calqued from Medieval Latin locum tenēns.

bor

For decades, no stadtholder who would counterbalance the power of the Amsterdam regents had been appointed.

2001 [1999], Geert Mak, translated by Philipp Blom, Amsterdam: A Brief Life of the City, Vintage, page 150:

(historical) The chief magistrate, then later, hereditary chief of state of the Dutch Republic.


marshal

→ Malay: marsyal

From Middle English marschal, from Anglo-Norman mareschal (“farrier; military commander”), from Medieval Latin mariscalcus (“groom, army commander, court dignitary”), either from Frankish *marhaskalk, or Old High German marah-scalc (“horse-servant”), from Proto-West Germanic *marh + *skalk (whence Old Saxon maraskalk, marahscalc). Compare English mare + shalk.

der

Where stands Marshal Chiang Kai-shek in this conflict of opinion concerning the tactics which China should adopt towards the aggressor? Chiang Kai-shek, according to officials who know his mind with whom I have talked, is all for resistance- as soon as he thinks he can win!

1936, H. Hessell Tiltman, The Far East Comes Nearer, Jarrolds, page 249:

A military officer of the highest rank in several countries, including France and the former Soviet Union; equivalent to a general of the army in the United States. See also field marshal.


bartender

→ Cebuano: bartender

→ Danish: bartender

→ Norwegian Bokmål: bartender

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bartender

→ Spanish: bartender

→ Swedish: bartender

→ Tagalog: bartender

/ˈbɑɹˌtɛndɚ/

He observed as the sad bartender ritually played canasta with two bored and customerless dancers...

They weren't all just sexpats and drifters and former disgraced officers or old bartenders, none of which he should have mentioned.

One who tends a bar or pub; a person preparing and serving drinks at a bar. [from 19th c.]


goaltender

(sports) a designated player that attempts to prevent the opposing team from scoring by protecting a goal.


sextet

From French sextette, from Italian sestetto.

A group of six singers or instrumentalists.


usurer

Anglo-Norman, from Old French usurier, Latin ūsūra (“interest”).
: Compare usurper and use

Vſurers, you are none of theſe cryers vnto God, but thoſe that hourely vnto God are most cryde out againſt. God hath cryde out vnto you by his Preachers, GOD hath cride out vnto you by the poore ; Pryſoners on their death-beds haue cride out of you : and when they haue had but one houre to interceſſionate for their ſoules, and ſue out the pardon of their numberleſſe ſins, the whole of that howre (ſauing one minute, when in two words they cryde for mercy,) haue they ſpent, in crying for vengeance againſt you.

1593, Thomas Nash, Christs Teares Over Iervsalem. Whereunto is annexed a comparatiue admonition to London., London: Thomas Thorp, published 1613, →OCLC, page 105; republished as Christ's Tears Over Jerusalem: Whereunto is Annexed A comparative Admonition to London, 1815, page 97:

Profitless usurer, why dost thou use
So great a sum of sums, yet canst not live?

1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 4”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:

"You can go to the Carpetbag usurers if you want money."

1936 June 30, Margaret Mitchell, chapter XLIII, in Gone with the Wind, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC; republished New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, 1944, →OCLC:

A person who loans money to others and charges interest, particularly at an exorbitant, exploitative, or illegal rate.

վաշխառու

one who loans money at exorbitant interest rates


understudy

For Wynne-Edwards, the role of the outcasts in the welfare of the group is to wait in the wings as understudies, ready to step into the shoes of any territory holder who dies on the main stage of group reproduction.

1976, Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene, Kindle edition, OUP Oxford, published 2016, pages 153–154:

A performer who understudies; a standby for a study (9).


undertaker

A funeral director; someone whose business is to manage funerals, burials and cremations.


publisher

(Christianity) A preacher who is a Jehovah's Witness.


deputy

From French député, from Late Latin deputatus (“appointed”).

պատգամավոր

member of parliament — see also legislator, Member of Parliament

the deputy of a prince

The deputy sheriff was promoted after his senior retired.

As the deputy store manager, he is able to fire staff.

One appointed as the substitute of others, and empowered to act for them, in their name or their behalf; a substitute in office.


teller

From Middle English tellere (“one who counts or enumerates; one who recounts or relates; teller”), equivalent to tell (verb) + -er.

inh

(banking, chiefly US) A bank clerk who receives and pays out money.

գանձապահ

In the case discussed above, for example, the employee who stole money did so by waiting until another teller was on break, then logging on to that teller's register, ringing a “no sale,” and taking the cash.

2007, Joseph T. Wells, Corporate Fraud Handbook: Prevention and Detection, page 107:

The young femail teller fingered the prices into the cash register at great speed with great dexterity while simultaneously holding a conversation with the teller in the next lane.

2013, Alastair Henry, Awakening in the Northwest Territories:

The main street was shuttered; the only sign of life she detected was behind the window of the petrol station, where the teller was counting the day's cash balance into the till.

2023, Eleanor Catton, Birnam Wood, page 60:

(more generally) A cashier at any place of business.

automated teller machine
automated teller machine#English

(banking) Synonym of automated teller machine

A person who counts the votes in an election.


controller

/kənˈtɹəʊlə/

From Middle English countreroller, from Anglo-Norman contreroulour and Middle French contreroleur (French contrôleur), from Medieval Latin contrārotulātor, from *contrārotulāre (from which control). By surface analysis, control + -er.

The great controller of our fate / Deigned to be man, and lived in low estate.

1700, John Dryden, transl., The Wife of Bath, Her Tale:

I'm collecting player's names for a school project. You know, players just like you! That's right, you--the one holding the controller. Would you register your name, please?

1995, HAL Laboratory, EarthBound, Nintendo, Super Nintendo Entertainment System:

(video games) A hardware device designed to allow the user to play video games.

controller

video games: hardware device designed to allow the user to play video games

The choice of controller is determined by the matrix verb. If, as in (30b) and (3la), the main verb does not subcategorize for an OBJ, then the controller is the matrix SUBJ. In this case the complement clause is interpreted as having the same subject as the main clause. If the main verb does take an OBJ, the controller is the matrix patient.

2004, Paul K. Kroeger, Analyzing Syntax: A Lexical-Functional Approach, Cambridge University Press (hardback) (paperback), chapter 5.4, 117

(linguistics) The subject of a control verb. See Control (linguistics)

software architecture
software architecture

(software architecture) In software applications using the model-view-controller design pattern, the part or parts of the application that treat input and output, forming an interface between models and views.


satrap

From Middle English satrape, from Latin satrapēs (“governor”), from Ancient Greek σατράπης (satrápēs), from Old Median *xšaθrapāwan- (literally “kingdom-protector”), which is cognate with Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎱𐎠𐎺𐎠 (xšaçapāvā); see there for more.

der

Eunuchs were chiefly employed in the harems of the king, and his satraps.

1922, Maneckji Nusservanji Dhalla, Zoroastrian Civilization, page 222:

(historical) A governor of a Persian province.


Member of Parliament

en-noun

Member of Parliament (plural Members of Parliament)

Members of Parliament (plural)
MPs (plural)

(UK, Canada, Australia, New Zealand) A representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to a house of a parliament.


apparatchik

apparatchik (plural apparatchiks or apparatchiki)

apparatchiks (plural)
apparatchiki (plural)

/æpəˈɹæt͡ʃɪk/

From Russian аппара́тчик (apparátčik, “operator, apparatchik”), from аппара́т (apparát, “apparat, apparatus (of state)”) + suffix -чик (-čik).

bor

Whether conservatively toeing their Marx or boldly advocating such heretical Western-style reforms as the primacy of profits, every important planner, apparatchik and economist in Russia is caught up in Communism's greatest debate since Stalin set backward Russia on its cruel-but successful-forced march into the 20th century industrial world.

1965 February 12, “Russia: Borrowing from the Capitalists”, in Time, volume 85, →ISSN, archived from the original on 2009-03-10:

In these dire conditions the ambitious Serbo-Croatian Communist Party apparatchik Slobodan Milošević played the national card in Kosovo.

2007, Elizabeth Roberts, Realm of the Black Mountain: A History of Montenegro, Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OL, page 34:

(historical) A member of the Soviet apparat; a Communist bureaucrat or agent.


receiver

From Anglo-Norman receverre, receivour et al., later also reformed as receive + -er. Compare recevor, rescaivour.

curator

person appointed to settle financial affairs

прыёмнік

electronic device that receives and converts signal

(now historical) An official whose job is to receive taxes or other monies; a tax collector, a treasurer.

It took the name Midland & South Western Junction in 1884 and reached Cheltenham, with its M.R. connection, in 1891; but poverty continued - a receiver had been appointed in 1884.

1961 October, “Talking of Trains: Last of the M.S.W.J.R.”, in Trains Illustrated, page 585:

A person or company appointed to settle the affairs of an insolvent entity.


midwife

From Middle English midwif, corresponding to mid (“with”) + wif (“woman, wife, female”). It appears not to be entirely clear whether the original understanding was “with-woman” in the sense of “attending/assisting woman”, or “they who are with the woman” (namely the mother).

促成者

person who assists in bringing something about

A hundred years ago, a midwife would bring the baby into the world - going to a hospital to deliver a baby was either impossible or unheard of.

The senior midwife confirmed that […] occasionally a multigravid woman could feel little more than slight abdominal discomfort.

2009, Jennifer Worth, Farewell to the East End, Weidenfeld & Nicholson, page 235:

Despite Richard's efforts to midwive his own narrative of legitimacy, the source of this legendary one cannot be controlled because it has moved from the mouths of nurses, midwives and gossips into the public domain.

2017, Caroline Bicks, Midwiving Subjects in Shakespeare’s England, page 123:

(obstetrics) A person, usually a woman, who is trained to assist women in childbirth, but who is not a physician.

(rare, figuratively) Someone who assists in bringing about some result or project.


dominatrix

en-noun

dominatrix (plural dominatrices or dominatrixes)

dominatrices (plural)
dominatrixes (plural)

From Latin dominatrix, equivalent to dominate + -trix.

Shadowy masked dominatrixes in stiletto-heeled hip boots snap commands and whips with equal fury.

2003, Lora Shaner, Madam: Inside a Nevada Brothel, page 296:

But even as movies depicting successful madams, freelance hookers, and dominatrices were celebrating prostitution as a marketplace expression of the new sexual freedom, doubts were emerging, a backlash growing.

2006, Russell Campbell, Marked Women: Prostitutes and Prostitution in the Cinema, page 226:

I've always maintained that the dominatrix is as much a misogynistic caricature as the virginal, asexual "good" girl or the disgusting "nymphomaniac/slut." The so-called dominant woman is a dark, eerie version of the woman on a pedestal.

2010, H. A. Carson, A Roaring Girl: An Interview with the Thinking Man's Hooker, page 134:

A dominant female in sadomasochistic practices.


master of ceremonies

master of ceremonies (plural masters of ceremonies)

Someone who acts as a host at a formal event.

In the eyes of Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke the apotheosis of the Celebrity was complete. The people of Asquith were not only willing to attend the house-warming, but had been worked up to the pitch of eagerness. The Celebrity as a matter of course was master of ceremonies.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

Someone who conducts a programme of varied entertainment, for example by introducing performers to the audience.

主持人

someone who conducts a program by introducing performers


specialist

en-adj

specialist (comparative more specialist, superlative most specialist)

more specialist (comparative)
most specialist (superlative)

Borrowed from French spécialiste, equivalent to special + -ist.

This was a highly specialist job, and it has been very carefully carried out so that it is very hard to see that these windows are now modern replacements.

2021 December 15, Robin Leleux, “Awards honour the best restoration projects: Special Award: Signal Box Restoration”, in RAIL, number 946, page 57:

(British) Specialised, involving detailed knowledge of a restricted topic.


specialist

Someone who is an expert in, or devoted to, some specific branch of study or research.

(sports) A player on a team who primarily employs one particular skill or takes one particular role.

Dr. Robert Leroy Hutton, a retired specialist in internal medicine and a well‐known diagnostician, died yesterday here.

1964 September 24, “ROBERT L. HUTTON, DIAGNOSTICIAN, 83; Internist Dies —Had Been on Lincoln Hospital Staff”, in The New York Times:

Most Americans mistakenly believe that they must see specialists for almost every medical problem.

2017 March 6, Jamie Koufman, “The Specialists’ Stranglehold on Medicine”, in The New York Times:

(medicine) A physician whose practice is limited to a particular branch of medicine or surgery.

(US, military) Any of several non-commissioned ranks corresponding to that of corporal.


Plato

Via Latin Plato, from Ancient Greek Πλάτων (Plátōn), from πλατύς (platús, “broad, wide”), either because of Plato's robust body, or wide forehead or the breadth of his eloquence.

My name is Plato Jones. Plato Constantine Jones. Plato because my mother is Greek, and Jones because my father is Welsh, and Constantine after his father, my grandfather, who is Constantine Llewellyn Jones.

1993, Nina Bawden, The Real Plato Jones, Houghton Miffin Harcourt, →ISBN, page 1:

The Greek philosopher, 427–347 BC, follower of Socrates.


astronomer

From Middle English astronomer, equivalent to astronomy + -er.

(astronomy) One who studies astronomy, the stars or the physical universe; a scientist whose area of research is astronomy or astrophysics


Ugricist

A linguist specializing in the Ugric family of languages.


bower

One who plays any of several bow instruments, such as the musical bow or diddley bow.


fowler

→ Irish: foghlaeir

From Middle English foulere, voȝelere, fuwelare, fugelere, from Old English fuglere (“fowler”), equivalent to fowl + -er.

Our soul is escaped as a bird out of the snare of the fowlers: the snare is broken, and we are escaped

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 124:7:

Home I vvould go, / But that my Dores are hatefull to my eyes. / Fill'd and damm'd up vvith gaping Creditors, / VVatchfull as Fovvlers vvhen their Game vvill ſpring; […]

1682, Thomas Otway, Venice Preserv’d, or, A Plot Discover’d. A Tragedy. […], London: […] Jos[eph] Hindmarsh […], →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 4:


quinquagenarian

/ˌkwɪŋkwəd͡ʒəˈnɛɹiən/

/ˌkwɪŋkwəd͡ʒɪˈnɛəɹɪən/

From Latin quinquāgēnārius (“containing 50”) + -an, either directly or via French quinquagénaire, from Latin quīnquāgēnus (“50 each”) + -ārius (“-ary”), from quīnquāgintā (“five tens, fifty”). Cognate with quinquagenary.


school counselor

en-noun

school counselor (plural school counselors)

(US) A professional member of an educational team who assists students in their personal, social, academic, and career development aspects of education through services such as individual counseling, small group counseling, and classroom teaching, and provide leadership in educational reform (advocacy); traditionally known as a guidance counselor, although this term is deemed inaccurate by most professionals today.


body double

The psychological sense was coined by ADHD coach Linda Anderson in 1996.

coinage

A film stand-in for an actor, in scenes not involving the face, especially during scenes of nudity, or of dangerous activity.

A political decoy; a person employed to impersonate a politician, in order to draw attention away from the real person or to take risks on their behalf.

The coach should be prepared to become the client’s [ADDer's] “body double.” Her presence, especially with direct eye contact, sharpens the client’s attention and vigilance

1999, Raizi Abby Janus, Mapping Careers with LD and ADD Clients: Guidebook and Case Studies, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 211:

(psychology) A person who is present nearby — or virtually connected to — a person with ADHD in order to increase their attention and focus.


body double

en-verb

body double (third-person singular simple present body doubles, present participle body doubling, simple past and past participle body doubled)

body doubles (present singular third-person)
body doubling (participle present)
body doubled (participle past)
body doubled (past)

To act as a body double.
To stand-in for an actor in a film.

To impersonate a politician in order to draw attention away from the real person or to take risks on their behalf.

I suggest that instead of actively attempting to organize Beth, Jack should body double for her. In this new passive role, Jack putters with his own work while Beth organizes her desk.

1998, Judith Kolberg, Conquering Chronic Disorganization, 2nd edition, Decatur: Squall Press, published 2006, →ISBN, page 108:

(psychology) To be present nearby — or virtually connected to — a person with ADHD in order to increase their attention and focus.


chancellor

/ˈtʃɑːnsələ/

/ˈt͡ʃænsələ/

Angela Merkel
Frick Collection
Hans Holbein the Younger
Thomas More

From Anglo-Norman or Middle English chaunceler, chanceler, canceler (“chief administrative or executive officer of a ruler; chancellor, secretary; private secretary, scribe; Lord Chancellor of England; officer of the ruler's exchequer; a high administrative or executive officer (for example, a deputy or representative of a bishop; the head of a university)”), from Old French cancelier, chancelier (“chancellor”), from Late Latin cancellārius (“secretary; doorkeeper, porter; usher of a court of law stationed at the bars separating the public from the judges”), from Latin cancellī (plural of cancellus (“grate; bars, barrier; railings”), diminutive of cancer (“grid; barrier”), from Proto-Italic *karkros (“enclosure”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend, turn”)) + -ārius (suffix forming nouns denoting an agent of use).
The word was present as Late Old English canceler, cancheler, from Norman cancheler, but was displaced in the 13th century by the Old French and Anglo-Norman forms mentioned above.

refn

From the Frick Collection in New York City, New York, USA.

مُسْتَشَار

Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster

Lord Chancellor

The 6ᵗʰ daye after, the Duke beyng infourmyd of myne arryvayle, sent his Chancellour to myne inne, desyryng to knowe the cause of my comying tether; […]

1533 September 6, Stephen Vaughan, “CCCLXXVI. Vaughan to King Henry VIII.”, in State Papers Published under the Authority of Her Majesty’s Commission, volumes VII (King Henry the Eighth. Part V.—Continued.), London: Printed by George E[dward] Eyre and William Spottiswoode, […], published 1849, →OCLC, page 502:

We have in the Wiſedome and Dexteritie of, our right truſty and wellbeloved Counſellor, Thomas Lord Elleſmere, and for certen other eſpeciall Cauſes Us moving, have given and graunted unto the ſaid Thomas Lord Elleſmere the Office of our Lord Chauncellor of England, and given Aucthority to the ſaid Lord Elleſmere to heare examyne and determyne Cauſes Matters and Suytes as ſhall happen to bee, as well in our Chauncery as in our Starchamber, like as the Chauncellor of England or Keeper of the Greate Seale of England, […]

1603, Thomas Rymer, Robert Sanderson, “De Liberatura pro Domino Cancellario Angliæ”, in Fœdera, Conventiones, Literæ, et Cujuscunque Generis Acta Publica, inter Regis Angliæ, […], 2nd edition, volume XVI, London: Per J[acob] Tonson, published 1727, →OCLC, page 541, column 1:

But tho' this Family might make an honourable Figure at the Bar, yet it ſeems a little unaccountable how a Chancellor of the Bourbonnois came to be charg'd with the Reformation of the whole French Kingdom.

[1746?] October 25, “Lettre sur Jean Faust, &c. That is, A Letter Concerning John Faust, Printer of Mentz. By a Librarian of Geneva. Geneva, 1745.”, in [Mark Akenside], editor, The Museum: Or, The Literary and Historical Register, volume II, number XVI, London: Printed for R[obert] Dodsley […], published 1746 (indicated on title page), →OCLC, page 106:

And everyone who'd marry a Ward / Must come to me for my accord, / And in my court I sit all day, / Giving agreeable girls away, / […] / And one for thou—and one for thee— / But never, oh never a one for me! / Which is exasperating, for / A highly susceptible Chancellor!

1882 November 25 (first performance), W[illiam] S[chwenck] Gilbert, Arthur Sullivan, music, […] Iolanthe; or, The Peer and the Peri, London: Chappell & Co., […], published [1885?], →OCLC, act I, page 10:

The chancellor [i.e., the Lord Chancellor] is the king's delegate, accountable only to him for his use of his absolute power to purge the defendant's conscience. But we can see in the citation of cases and precedents the influence of the new school of lawyer chancellors. The usages and customs of the court are a law to the court. It is fairly clear that the process which will reduce to rule and system the occasions upon which the chancellor will interfere to purge a corrupt conscience, has not as yet gone very far; but we can see in embryo the beginnings of this process.

1923, W[illiam] S[earle] Holdsworth, “English Law in the Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries (Continued): Developments outside the Sphere of the Common Law (Continued)”, in A History of English Law, volume V, London: Methuen & Co. Ltd. […], →OCLC, part II (The Equitable Jurisdiction of the Chancellor), pages 235–236:

A senior secretary or official with administrative or legal duties, sometimes in charge of some area of government such as finance or justice.

[page 111] […] Lord Falkland […] took an Opportunity to tell the King, that He had now a good Opportunity to prefer Mr. Hyde, by making him Chancellor of the Exchequer, in the Place of Sir John Colepepper; […] [page 112] He [Colepepper] ſurrendered his Office of Chancellor of the Exchequer: And the next Day Mr. Hyde was ſworn of the Privy-Council, and Knighted, and had his Patents ſealed for that Office.

[1760, Edward, Earl of Clarendon [i.e., Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon], “Part the Second”, in The Life of Edward, Earl of Clarendon, Lord High Chancellor of England, and Chancellor of the University of Oxford. […], volume I, Oxford, Oxfordshire: At the Clarendon Printing-house, →OCLC, pages 111 and 112:

Chancellor Philip Hammond has told the BBC he and other MPs will "find a way" of blocking a no-deal Brexit. […] Mr Hammond is expected to be replaced as chancellor whoever wins the Conservative leadership election later this month.

2019 July 5, “Philip Hammond: MPs will and should Stop No-deal Brexit”, in BBC News, archived from the original on 2019-07-08:

Liz Truss has sacked Kwasi Kwarteng as her chancellor and replaced him with Jeremy Hunt ahead of a U-turn on key sections of her disastrous mini-budget, as she launched a desperate attempt to restore her crumbling political authority.

2022 October 14, “Liz Truss sacks Kwasi Kwarteng before corporation tax U-turn”, in The Guardian:

Chancellor of the Exchequer
Chancellor of the Exchequer#English

(UK politics) Ellipsis of Chancellor of the Exchequer.

the Austrian Chancellor

In the Reichstag, the Imperial Chancellor, Dr. [Theobald] von Bethmann-Hollweg, replied to questions upon the Zabern incident in a tone of protest and anger which has not been heard since the Morocco debate. Half the House itself was seething with indignation against the Government.

1913 December 13, “The Scandal in Alsace. Indignation of the Reichstag.”, in The North-China Herald and Supreme Court & Consular Gazette: The Weekly Edition of the North-China Daily News, volume CIX (New Series), number 2418, Shanghai: Printed and published at the offices of the North-China Daily News & Herald, Ld., →OCLC, page 783, column 1:

He was a moderate who wanted German unity and became Chancellor of Bavaria after the Prussian defeat of Austria.

2003, Owen Chadwick, A History of the Popes, 1830-1914, Oxford University Press, USA, →ISBN, page 194:

Germany's Angela Merkel has said she will step down as chancellor in 2021, following recent election setbacks. "I will not be seeking any political post after my term ends," she told a news conference in Berlin.

2018 October 29, “Angela Merkel to Step down as German Chancellor in 2021”, in BBC News, archived from the original on 2019-06-30:

The head of the government in some German-speaking countries.

kancelar

head of government in some German-speaking countries

"Have you agreed on your chancellor, gentlemen?" was the first question of the Judge. The foreman, called in Scotland the chancellor of the jury, usually the man of best rank and estimation among the assizers, stepped forward, and, with a low reverence, delivered to the Court a sealed paper, containing the verdict, […]

1818 July 25, Jedadiah Cleishbotham [pseudonym; Walter Scott], chapter XII, in Tales of My Landlord, Second Series, […] (The Heart of Mid-Lothian), volume II, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Company, →OCLC, pages 285–286:

The verdict must be returned to the Court by the chancellor of the jury, in presence of the accused, and of the whole jury; and, being engrossed in the record, and read aloud, it is then sealed up, in terms of the regulations 1672, No. 9, and deposited with the clerk of Court, never to be opened again but by order of the judges. The verdict, when in writing, is authenticated by the subscriptions of the chancellor and clerk of the jury, and accompanied with a list of the names of the jurors, and a state of the vote of each individual, "whether condemning or assoilzieing;" Regulations 1672, No. 9.

1826, Robert Bell, William Bell, “CRIMINAL PROSECUTION”, in A Dictionary of the Law of Scotland, 3rd revised and enlarged edition, volume I, Edinburgh: Printed for John Anderson & Co. […], and Bell & Bradfute, →OCLC, page 333:

[T]he pursuer moved the Court "for a rule to shew cause why this case should not be ordered to be tried, in respect that the verdict as it appears on the notes of the Judge furnished to the parties, was not declared by the chancellor or foreman of the jury in open Court, and taken down by the clerk of the said Court before the jury was discharged."

1853 July 16, Geo[rge] Dingwall Fordyce (reporter), James Paterson (reporter), William Gillies Tytler (reporter), Frederick Hallard (reporter), “James Mackenzie, Pursuer, v. Dunlop, Wilson and Co., Defenders.”, in Reports of Cases Decided in the Supreme Courts of Scotland, and in the House of Lords on Appeal from Scotland, [ […] Being a Continuation of The Scottish Jurist.">…


paramedic

/ˌpæɹəˈmɛdɪk/

medic

functionally synonymous in some contexts but not necessarily idiomatically interchangeable

(US) A person who is licensed at the state or national level to practice medical interventions in an emergency prehospital setting.


paratrooper

/ˈpɛɹətɹupɜɹ/

Upon receiving intelligence reports about the massing of enemy paratroopers, General Peng Dehuai posted a defence regiment at Yan'an airfield, and requested that Mao leave Yan'an as soon as possible.

1992, Yanchi (权延赤) Quan, “Mao Enjoys a Challenge”, in Wang Wenjiong, transl., edited by Gale Hadfield, 走下神坛的毛泽东 [Mao Zedong: Man, Not God], Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, published 1996, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 13:

A type of soldier who is trained to enter combat zones by parachuting from aircraft.


lifeguard

From life + guard, calque of Dutch lijfgarde, where life has the sense of Dutch lijf (“body”) (hence literally “bodyguard”). Compare German Leibgarde (“bodyguard”), Danish livgarde (“bodyguard”), Swedish livgarde (“bodyguard”). Compare also Old English līfweard (“guardian of life”).

cog

A lifesaver: a rescuer, usually an expert swimmer, employed to save swimmers in trouble or near drowning at a body of water.

"The people's love is the king's lifeguard."

1776, The London Magazine, Or, Gentleman's Monthly Intelligencer:

[I]n the reserve were the king's lifeguard, commanded by the earl of Lindsey, and prince Rupert's regiment of foot[.]

1843, Edward Hyde, The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, page 553:

Constantine the Great is known to have raised the five scholae of horsemen who formed the actual lifeguard of the prince, and followed his person whenever he went out to war.

2012, Charles Oman, A History of the Art of War: The Middle Ages:

(uncommon) A bodyguard or unit of bodyguards, a guard of someone's (especially a king's) life or person.

It also looked at what effect stronger lifeguards might have had. They protect the leading wheels from small obstacles and in modern trains have coped with hitting landslip debris.

2022 March 23, Philip Haigh, “Network News: Driver of ScotRail HST had only seconds to react, says RAIB”, in RAIL, number 953, page 11:

(rail transport) A sturdy metal bracket fixed in front of each of the leading wheels of a train to deflect small objects away from the wheels to prevent derailment.

Schienenräumer

rail transport: metal bracket to deflect small objects


luthier

Borrowed from French luthier, from luth (“lute”).

A person who, or a business which, makes or repairs stringed wooden musical instruments, such as lutes, violins, and guitars.

лютиер

a person who, or a business which, makes or repairs stringed wooden musical instrument


Beatles

Originally spelled Beatals, punningly referencing the expression beat all (“surpass everything”), then later altered to Beatles, blend of beat + beetles, with beat referring to "beat music" or the "beat" of a drum, and beetles inspired by the contemporaneous band name The Crickets.

Don't tell me to play goddamn Beatles in my house. We're in America, I swear to God.

2023, Priscilla Presley, Sandra Harmon, Sofia Coppola, Priscilla, spoken by Elvis (Jacob Elordi):

An extremely successful and influential British rock music quartet that operated primarily in the 1960s.


songwriter

We are now collaborating with a famous songwriter.

(music) A musician who composes songs; especially writing the song's lyrics and/or creating a melody or a tune for the song.

liedjieskrywer

someone who writes the lyrics and usually the music of songs


designer

→ Dutch: designer

→ Finnish: designer

→ French: designer

→ Italian: designer

→ Japanese: デザイナー (dezainā)

→ Korean: 디자이너 (dijaineo)

→ Portuguese: designer

→ Russian: диза́йнер (dizájner) (see there for further descendants)

→ Swedish: designer

While the thought of a home urinal may seem vaguely “Animal House,” Mr. Scherer’s interior designer, Ashley Astleford, wasn’t surprised by his request. This was the second time in the last few months that she was asked to install a urinal in a luxury residential project, and she said she knows many other designers and architects who have been specifying home urinals in their projects.

2007 January 25, Suzanne Gannon, “For the High-End Bathroom, Something Unexpected”, in The New York Times:

A person who designs something, or who designs things as a profession.

ผู้ออกแบบ

pûu-ɔ̀ɔk-bɛ̀ɛp


comedian

comedians (plural)
comedienne (feminine)

→ German: Comedian

→ Indonesian: komedian

From Latin cōmoedia + -an, perhaps modelled on Middle French comédien. By surface analysis, comedy + -an.

An entertainer who performs in a humorous manner, especially by telling jokes.

(by extension) Any person who is humorous or amusing, either characteristically or on a particular occasion.

Coordinate term: tragedian

[…] the quick comedians
Extemporally will stage us, and present
Our Alexandrian revels;

c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

1714, Susanna Centlivre, The Wonder, London: E. Curll and A. Bettesworth, Preface,
I Don’t pretend to write a Preface, either to point out the Beauties, or to excuse the Errors, a judicious Reader may possibly discover in the following Scenes, but to give those excellent Comedians their Due, to whom, in some Measure the best Dramatick Writers are oblig’d.

When a Comedian, celebrated for his excellence in the part of Shylock, first undertook that character, he made daily visits to the center of business, the ’Change, and the adjacent Coffee-houses; that by a frequent intercourse and conversation with “the unforeskinn’d race,” he might habituate himself to their air and deportment.

1755, George Colman, The Connaisseur, volume 1, London: R. Baldwin, page 1:

Becky, the nightingale, took the flowers which he threw to her and pressed them to her heart with the air of a consummate comedian.

1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 51, in Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:

(dated) A person who performs in theatrical plays.


sound engineer

Your records will sound a lot better if you hire a good sound engineer.


Kaiser

Inherited from Middle English kayser, from Old High German keisar (“emperor”), from Proto-West Germanic *kaisar, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz. The native Old English descendant of that Proto-Germanic word was cāser (“emperor”), but the shape of Middle English kayser (“emperor”) (versus the expected *caser, *coser) suggests it was borrowed from another Germanic language rather than inherited, and the modern English spelling and sense seem to be modified after modern German rather than a direct continuation of Middle English. Compare tsar, which was borrowed from Slavic.
Doublet of Caesar and tsar.

ці́сар

particularly the Austro-Hungarian emperor

An emperor of a German-speaking country, particularly the Holy Roman Empire (962–1806), the Austrian Empire/Austria-Hungary (1806–1918), or the German Empire (1871–1918) — often specifically Wilhelm II.


Mill

Ste. Genevieve County
Ste. Genevieve County#English

An unincorporated community in Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri, United States.


Pascal

en-proper noun

Pascal (countable and uncountable, plural Pascals)

From Latin Paschālis, from paschālis (“Paschal; of or pertaining to Easter”), from pascha (“Easter”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives), for birth on Easter, or in honor of the 9th-century pope Paschal I (died 824). Doublet of Paschal. The programming language was named after French mathematician, philosopher and physicist Blaise Pascal (1623–1662).

(countable) A male given name from Latin used in medieval England; today occasionally borrowed from French.

(countable) A surname transferred from the given name.

The French mathematician and physicist Blaise Pascal (1623–1662).

programming language
programming language

(computer languages) An imperative procedural programming language intended to encourage good programming practices through the use of structure.


Titian

Anglicized form of Italian Tiziano, from Latin Titiānus.


mali

Borrowed from Hindi माली (mālī, “gardener”), from Sanskrit माली (mālī, “wreath-maker, garland-maker; florist; gardener”), मालिन् (mālin, “florist; gardener”), from माला (mālā, “wreath, garland; chaplet, crown”).

der

[H]ence the slow progress hitherto made in the cultivation of such produce of the garden as is generally held in estimation by the European portion of the community, left as it generally is, to the simple Hindoo mallee (or gardener,) it is not to be wondered at, that our bazars want what are deemed the more delicate articles of vegetable production for the table; […]

1840, G. T. Frederic Speede, Indian Hand-book of Gardening; Containing Directions for the Management of the Kitchen and Flower Garden, etc. etc. in India: […], Calcutta: W. Thacker & Co. St. Andrew's Library, →OCLC, page 1:

Prizes were awarded to ten other mallees for best samples of vegetables, fruits and flowers, and last though not least we have to note, that a prize of two rupees was awarded to the mallee of Robert Fulton, Esq., of Sultangunge, for a remarkably fine bunch of grapes, clearly showing that either the soil of Mr. Fulton's garden, the climate of Sultangunge, or the skill of that gentleman's gardener, are highly favorable to the growth, and bringing to maturity of this delicious fruit.

1848, “Report of Exhibitions of Vegetables, Fruits, Flowers and Agricultural Produce, Held at Bhaugulpore, on 11th February and 25th May, 1848. (Communicated by Major [T. E. A.] Napleton, Honorary Secretary Branch Agri-Horticultural Society.)”, in Journal of the Agricultural & Horticultural Society of India, volumes VI, part II (Correspondence and Selections), number 3, Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, →OCLC, page 125:

I sent down dhobies, sweepers, cooks, and mallees, last to dig trenches for burying the dead, when burning was not possible.

1871 November 29, “Cachar: Further Correspondence on the Subject of the Looshai Raids and the Consequent Hostilities (in Continuation of Paper, No. 398, of 1871)”, in Accounts and Papers: […], volumes X (East India—continued), [London]: […] The House of Commons, […], published 28 May 1872, →OCLC, page 301:

He found, as he expected, that the poor girl was crying. And, as always, an Indian close outside the window, a mali in this case, picking up sounds.

1924 June 4, E[dward] M[organ] Forster, chapter XXII, in A Passage to India, London: Edward Arnold & Co., →OCLC, part II (Caves), page 203:

A nearly naked mali, watering-can in hand, was moving in the jungle of flowers like some large nectar-sucking bird.

1934 October, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Burmese Days, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, →OCLC; republished as chapter 2, in Burmese Days (ebook no. 0200051h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, November 2015:

The grounds of the estates were extensive enough to provide each mansion with a surrounding park, and these were, if anything, even more varied in design than the houses they enclosed – for the malis who tended the gardens, no less than the owners themselves, vied to outdo each other in the fancifulness of their plantings, creating here a little patch of topiary and there an avenue of trees, trimmed in the French fashion; […]

2008, Amitav Ghosh, chapter 5, in Sea of Poppies, London: John Murray, →ISBN, pages 91–92:

(India, South Asia) A member of a caste in South Asia whose traditional occupation is gardening; hence, any South Asian gardener.


therapist

Someone who provides therapy, usually professionally.


papyrologist

From papyro- + -ologist, after the model of earlier papyrology.

A student of or expert in papyrology, the study of papyrus and ancient writings on papyrus.


solicitor

From Middle French soliciteur. Equivalent to solicit + -or.

In many common law jurisdictions, a type of lawyer whose traditional role is to offer legal services to clients apart from acting as their advocate in court. A solicitor instructs barristers to act as an advocate for their client in court, although rights of audience for solicitors vary according to jurisdiction.

初級律師 /初级律师

lawyer offering legal services to clients apart from acting as court advocate


airman

A person employed in one of several aviation-adjacent professions other than flight crew, such as a mechanic or air traffic controller.

A person of a rank in the U.S. Air Force above airman basic and below airman first class.

A naval seaman, especially one in the U.S. Navy, who works on and/or handles aircraft.


vicereine

From French vice-reine, from vice- + reine (“queen”).


navigator

A person who navigates, especially an officer with that responsibility on a ship or an aircrew member with that responsibility on an aircraft.

A device that navigates an aircraft, automobile or missile.

Although the window looks like a view of files and folders on disk, the “folders” that appear here are called groups; they don't exist on disk. They appear in the navigator because it's convenient to group related files together […]

2012, Richard Wentk, iOS App Development Portable Genius, page 38:

(computing) A user interface that allows navigating through a structure of any kind.


bookmaker

From Middle English bokmakere, boke maker, equivalent to book + maker.

(gambling) A person (or a business) who calculates odds and accepts bets, especially on horse racing; a bookie.

مُرَاهِن

a person who calculates odds and accepts bets; a bookie


general practitioner

en-noun

general practitioner (plural general practitioners)

general practitioners (plural)
as GP (abbreviation)

A physician who provides primary care; treating acute and chronic illnesses and providing preventive care and health education; a family doctor.

can həkimi

physician who provides primary care; family doctor


genetic engineer

genetic engineer (plural genetic engineers)

Coined by Poul Anderson in his 1954 novella "Big Rain", after the term genetic engineering.

Meanwhile giant pulverizers were reducing barren stone and sand to fine particles which would be mixed with fertilizers to yield soil; and the genetic engineers were evolving still other strains of life which could provide a balanced ecology; and the water units were under construction.

1954 October, Poul Anderson, “Big Rain”, in Astounding Science Fiction, volume 54, number 2, page 22:

The culture of embryos in the laboratory, destined to develop into adults whose physical and, possibly, intellectual characteristics had been chosen in advance by the genetic engineers.

A scientist or engineer whose specialty is genetic engineering.


spanker

An instrument used to give someone a spanking or spank, such as a paddle.

beyond the broad white wing of the spanker sail

1839, Charlotte Elizabeth, Glimpses of the Past:

(nautical) A fore-and-aft gaff-rigged sail on the aft-most mast of a square-rigged vessel.

(dated, music) A musician who plays his instrument well.

(dated) One who takes long, quick strides in walking.


alderman

From Middle English alderman, aldermon, from Old English ealdorman, ealdormann, from ealdor (“elder, parent, chief, prince, author”) + mann (“person”). See ealdorman.

The price of a case (five shillings piece bad) from the smasher is about one shilling; an alderman (two and sixpence) about sixpence; a peg (shilling) about threepence; a downer or sprat (sixpence) about twopence.

1859, Snowden's magistrates assistant, page 90:

Half-a-crown is known as an alderman, half a bull, half a tusheroon, and a madza caroon; whilst a crown piece, or five shillings, may be called either a bull, or a caroon, or a cartwheel, or a coachwheel, or a thick-un, or a tusheroon.

[1859, J. C. Hotten, A Dictionary of Modern Slang, Cant, and Vulgar Words:

(UK, historical, slang, obsolete) A half-crown coin; its value, 30 pence.

In one part of Cockaigne an amalgamation of these two last has lately taken place; and the pleasure experienced by the parishioners of Walbrook is unbounded when smoking an alderman and churchwarden.

1843, John William Carleton, The Sporting Review, volume 10, page 419:

He'd exercise, get the fat off, because if he let it go, he'd have too much on and maybe make his heart worse, and you looked like hell with an alderman. […] And she wouldn't want a guy who stuck out in front like a balloon.

1934, James T. Farrell, chapter 13, in The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan:

(US, slang) A large, protruding, or swollen abdomen; a paunch, a potbelly.


bounty hunter

Thus Django becomes the carrier of the “public use of one's reason”—the Kantian road to enlightenment given to him by the German “Forty-Eighter” dentist–turned-bounty hunter Dr. “King” Schultz, and represents the fictive, allohistorical beginning of the battle against slavery and racism in the United States.

2014 July 31, Oliver C. Speck, editor, Quentin Tarantino's Django Unchained: The Continuation of Metacinema, Bloomsbury, →ISBN, page 25:

A person who catches criminals and brings them to the police in return for a reward.

صَائِدُ ٱلْجَوَائِز

person who catches criminals in return for a reward


FLOTUS

First Lady of the United States
First Lady of the United States#English

(US politics) Acronym of First Lady of the United States.


barker

From Middle English berkere; equivalent to bark (“dog noise”) + -er.

Bob had amassed a considerable stockpile of double entendres from his days working as a barker for a strip joint.

1893, James Otis, The Adventures of a Country Boy at a Country Fair:

For every dedicated scientist patiently recording atmospheric pressure and wind speed while shivering at high altitudes, there is a carnival barker with a bevy of pretty girls willing to dangle from a basket or parachute down to earth.

2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:

A person employed to solicit customers by calling out to passersby, e.g. at a carnival.

vyvolávač

The barker looks action-packed, but actually playing the game is rather dull.

(video games) A video game mode where the action is demonstrated to entice someone to play the game.


barker

From Middle English barker; equivalent to bark (“surface of tree”) + -er.

The profession of barker has been made largely obsolete by the realization that in most cases saplings can be cultivated far more profitably.

(historical) A person who removes needed or valuable tree bark, as on a cinnamon or cinchona plantation.

cascador

a person who strips needed or valuable bark

The profession of barker has been made largely obsolete by the introduction of more effective tanning agents, but it lives on as a surname.


flautist

The flautist Bezaly adds to the impressive list of flute concertos dedicated to her with the composer Pulkkis’s contribution to the genre.

2007 July 28, Rick Jones, “Sharon Bezaly / Uljas Pulkkis: Enchanted Garden”, in Times of London:


flutist

Probably from Middle French flutiste, equivalent to flute + -ist. Replaced Middle English flouter (“flute player”) from Old French flauteur.


lapidary

lapidary (countable and uncountable, plural lapidaries)

/ˈlæpəˌdɛɹi/

The noun is derived from Middle English lapidari, lapidarie (“person who cuts, polishes, or engraves precious stones; expert in precious stones; treatise on precious stones”) [and other forms], from Old French lapidaire (“gemsmith, lapidary”) (modern French lapidaire), or from its etymon Latin lapidārius (“(adjective) of stones, stony; (noun) stonecutter”), from lapidis (the genitive singular of lapis (“stone; (poetic) jewel, precious stone”), possibly from Pre-Greek or Proto-Indo-European *lep- (“to peel”)) + -ārius (suffix forming adjectives).
Sense 3.2 (“jewellery”) and sense 3.3 (“treatise on precious stones”) are derived from Latin lapidāria or lapidārium, a noun use of the neuter plural or genitive plural respectively of lapidāris (“of stone”, adjective), from lapidis (the genitive singular of lapis; see above) + -āris (suffix forming adjectives).
The adjective is either:
* a learned borrowing from Latin lapidārius (adjective); or
* derived from the noun.

nb...

lapadari, lapadary, lapidaire, lapidarye, lipidarye, (Scotland) lapidar

lbor

An excellent lapidary ſet theſe ſtones ſure, / Doe you mark their vvaters?

1624 (first performance), John Fletcher, Rule a Wife and Have a Wife. A Comoedy. […], Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Leonard Lichfield […], published 1640, →OCLC, Act V, scene i, page 56:

[T]he method of eſtimating diamonds is altogether arbitrary; and Ratchkali, vvho vvas an exquiſite lapidary, had ſet it in ſuch a manner as vvould have impoſed upon any ordinary jevveller.

1753, [Tobias Smollett], “He Appears in the Great World with Universal Applause and Admiration”, in The Adventures of Ferdinand Count Fathom. […], volume I, London: […] W. Johnston, […], →OCLC, page 234:

In the very early days of gemstone fashioning, a polisher or lapidary would cut and polish both diamonds and other gemstones. […] Diamonds are now almost exclusively polished by diamond cutting specialists, and all the other gemstones are cut and polished by lapidaries.

2005, P[eter] G. Read, “The Fashioning of Gemstones”, in Gemmology, 3rd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire, Burlington, Mass.: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, →ISBN, page 252:

A person who cuts and polishes, engraves, or deals in gems and precious stones.


emir

From Middle French emir, from Ottoman Turkish امیر (emir), from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander, prince”). Doublet of amir, Amir, admiral, and amira.


registrar

/ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪsˌtɹɑɹ/

From Medieval Latin registrārius, from registrum (“register”) + -ārius (“agent”). See more at register.

An official keeper or recorder of records.

(museums) The person responsible for record-keeping related to a museum's or archive's collection.

chief executive officer
chief executive officer

(law) The chief executive officer of a judicial forum, in charge of the entire registry of the department.

A doctor receiving advanced specialist training in some countries in order to become a consultant.

Assistenzarzt

(Internet) A service that manages the reservation of domain names.


diver

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-diver.wav

New Zealand sand diver
New Zealand sand diver


bowman

From Middle English boweman, bouman, boughman, equivalent to bow + -man.

The whole city shall flee for the noise of the horsemen and bowmen.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 4:29:

(archery) A man who uses a bow; an archer.


bowman

(nautical) The person, in a team or among oarsmen, positioned nearest the bow.


upholsterer

/ʌpˈhəʊlstəɹə/

From upholster (noun) + -er, from Middle English upholdester, upholster, from Middle English upholder (“dealer in small goods”), from upholden (“to repair, uphold”). Equivalent to uphold + -ster + -er.

der

Coordinate term: reupholsterer

Someone who upholsters furniture, especially a trained craftsman who does so as an occupation.

dekoratör c (often prefixed, e.g. wth möbel-)


urban planner

Modern urban planners are enthusiastic in promoting the 15-minute city concept.


bailiff

From Middle English baillif, baylyf, from Anglo-Norman and Old French bailif (plural bailis), probably from Vulgar Latin *bāiulivus (“castellan”), from Latin bāiulus (“porter; steward”), whence also bail. As a translation of foreign titles, semantic loan from French bailli, Scots bailie, Dutch baljuw, etc. Mostly replaced the role of native reeve. Doublet of bailo.

Bailiffs of Jersey and Guernsey
High Bailiff of the Isle of Man
Landvogt
bailiff

مَأْمُور

equivalent officers of the court in foreign contexts

A public administrator, particularly:
The High Bailiff of the Isle of Man.

A public administrator
The High Bailiff of the Isle of Man.


cosmonaut

Borrowed from Russian космона́вт (kosmonávt), from Ancient Greek κόσμος (kósmos, “universe”) + ναύτης (naútēs, “sailor”), may be decomposed as cosmo- + -naut.

der

An astronaut, especially a Russian or Soviet one.

رَجُل فَضَاء

an astronaut, especially a Russian or Soviet one — see also astronaut


hypnotist

Following their modelling of Perls and Satir, Bandler and Grinder went on to model Milton H. Erickson, the world’s foremost medical hypnotist. The result was a different set of language patterns, the Milton Model, and the publication of the second NLP book, Patterns of the Hypnotic Techniques of Milton H. Erickson MD.

2010, Steve Bavister and Amanda Vickers, Essential NLP (Teach Yourself^®), Great Britain: Hodder Education < Hachette UK Co., published 2014, page 7:

A person who uses hypnotism to induce hypnosis in someone, either for entertainment or therapy.


underwriter

(insurance) A person working for an insurance company who arranges and authorizes an insurance policy with a broker or insured.


usher

From Middle English ussher, uscher, usscher, from Anglo-Norman usser and Old French ussier, uissier (“porter, doorman”) (compare French huissier), from Vulgar Latin *ustiārius (“doorkeeper”), from Latin ōstiārius, from ōstium (“door”). Akin to ōs (“mouth”). Probably a doublet of ostiary and huissier.

[H]e defrayed the expence of his entrance, and left him in the particular care and inspection of the usher, who […] though obliged by the scandalous administration of fortune to act in the character of an inferior teacher, had by his sole capacity and application, brought the school to that degree of reputation which it never could have obtained from the talents of his superior.

1751, [Tobias] Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: Harrison and Co., […], →OCLC:

He began to learn Latin with Mr. Hawkins, usher, or under-master of Lichfield school, ‘a man (said he) very skilful in his little way.’

1791, James Boswell, “(please specify the year)”, in James Boswell, editor, The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. […], London: […] Henry Baldwin, for Charles Dilly, […], →OCLC:

(obsolete) An assistant to a head teacher or schoolteacher; an assistant teacher.


CMT

en-noun

CMT (countable and uncountable, plural CMTs)

(business, healthcare) Initialism of certified massage therapist.

(pathology) Initialism of Charcot-Marie-Tooth.

clutchless manual transmission
clutchless manual transmission#English

Initialism of clutchless manual transmission.


lecturer

/ˈlɛkt͡ʃəɹə/

/ˈlekt͡ʃəɹə/

A member of a university or college below the rank of assistant professor or reader; docent; lector.


tactician

A person skilled in the planning and execution of tactics.


Aristotle

/ˈæɹɪˌstɒtəl/

[ˈæɹɪˌstɒtᵊɫ̩]

/ˈæɹɪˌstɑtəl/

[ˈæɹɪˌstɑɾɫ̩]

/ˈɛɹɪˌstɑtəl/

[ˈɛɹɪˌstɑɾɫ̩]

From Ancient Greek Ἀριστοτέλης (Aristotélēs).

An ancient Greek philosopher, logician, and scientist (382–322 BCE), student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.

أَرِسْطُوطَالِيس

ʔarisṭūṭālīs


roustabout

The U. is my own Alma Mater, and I am proud to be known as an alumni, but there are certain instructors there who seem to think we ought to turn the conduct of the nation over to hoboes and roustabouts.

1922, Sinclair Lewis, chapter 14, in Babbitt, New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace and Company, →OCLC:

Then Sísiphos in torment I beheld / being roustabout to a tremendous boulder.

1961, Homer, translated by Robert Fitzgerald, Odyssey, New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, Book Eleven, 668-9:

Brooklyn Tony, who had run away from home to be a circus roustabout, became a poster artist and eventually an Abstract Expressionist.

1974, Saul Bellow, “Him with His Foot in His Mouth”, in Collected Stories, Penguin, published 2001, page 377:

She works in McGregor, North Dakota as a roustabout pusher. That means she and her crew help fix and maintain the drilling sites.

2013 January 7, Celeste Headlee, NPR, archived from the original on 2015-10-29:

See also quotations under rouseabout.

(chiefly US) An unskilled laborer, especially at an oilfield, at a circus or on a ship.


sportscaster

At the beginning of the all-star game, the sportscaster always says that the players just want to have fun today; at halftime, or in the bottom of the fifth inning, the sportscaster always says that the players' competitive spirit has taken over and now they all really want to win.

2003, David Shields, Remote: Reflections on Life in the Shadow of Celebrity, Univ of Wisconsin Press, →ISBN, page 49:

(chiefly Canada, US) One who reports sporting events on television or radio.


newscaster

Take Linda, a thirty-nine-year-old newscaster who relished her career but began to hear the alarm ringing on her biological clock.

1994, Rugh Winter, Bonnie Eaker-Weil, Adultery, the Forgivable Sin:

Yet, a few US newscasters will go on the air at 6 pm or later and say, "Moscow said tonight.["] ... A careful writer would make his script read, "Moscow said today. ..."

1997, Mervin Block, Writing Broadcast News: Shorter, Sharper, Stronger, →ISBN, page 154:

It is still considered embarrassing if people in authority like teachers or newscasters “shrub.”

2019 April 19, Alice Wairimu Nderitu, “Harro! I shrub because, really, I have no otherwise, do I?”, in The East African, archived from the original on 2023-04-16:

(broadcasting, journalism) One who delivers the news for broadcast on television, radio, etc; a newsreader.


cooper

cooper (countable and uncountable, plural coopers)

They were nearly all whalemen; chief mates, and second mates, and third mates, and sea carpenters, and sea coopers, and sea blacksmiths, and harpooneers, and ship keepers; a brown and brawny company, with bosky beards; an unshorn, shaggy set, all wearing monkey jackets for morning gowns.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, chapter 5, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

A craftsman who makes and repairs barrels and similar wooden vessels such as casks, buckets and tubs.


wine cooper

(dated) a person who samples, bottles and sells wine


Gen.

As soon as Gen. Steedman had completed his movement, the commands of Gens. Smith and Wilson moved out along the Harding pike, and commenced the grand movement of the day by wheeling to the left and advancing against the enemy’s position across the Harding and Hillsboro pikes.

1865, Report of the Adjutant General and Acting Quartermaster General of the State of Iowa, Des Moines, Ia.: F. W. Palmer, […], page 1349:

(title) Abbreviation of General (military rank).


cytologist

A scientist who studies the physical characteristics of chromosomes.


MPP

MPP (countable and uncountable, plural MPPs)

massively parallel
massively parallel#English

(computing, uncountable) Initialism of massively parallel processing.

(computing, countable) Initialism of massively parallel processor.

Got my name in registry so they stay on me, won’t let me free / Might call up my MPP / Nevermind, they won’t listen to me, don’t listen to me

2021, “On Me”, in Parallel World, performed by Cadence Weapon:

Member of Provincial Parliament
w:en:Member of Provincial Parliament

(Canada, countable) Initialism of Member of Provincial Parliament.


syndicate

Anglicized form of French syndicat (“office of a syndic; board of syndics; trade union”) on the basis of -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office, a group formed of people of this same office), from syndic (“syndic; representative; chief magistrate of Geneva”) + -at (suffix denoting an action or result of an action), from Medieval Latin *syndicātus, from syndicus (“representative of a corporation or town; syndic”) (from Ancient Greek σύνδικος (súndikos, “advocate for a defendant”), from σύν (sún, “beside; with”) + δίκη (díkē, “judgment; justice”)) + -ātus (suffix forming adjectives from nouns indicating the possession of a thing or a quality). By surface analysis, syndic + -ate.
Compare Italian sindacato (“syndicate; trade union; audit, control, supervision”), Occitan sendegat, Portuguese sindicato (“trade union”), Spanish sindicado, sindicato (“office of a syndic; syndicate; trade union”).

cog

The ſoveraintie lies in the Council of 200, and this Council chuſes out of its number 25, who are the leſſer Council; […] they are choſen by a ſort of ballet, ſo that it is not known for whom they give their votes, which is an effectual method to ſuppreſs factions and reſentments; ſince in a competition no man can know who voted for him or againſt him: yet the election is not ſo carried, but that the whole Town is in an intrigue concerning it: for ſince the being of the little Council leads one to the Sindicat, which is the chieffe honor of the State: this dignitie is courted here, with as active and ſolicitous an ambition as appears elſewhere for greater matters.

1686, G[ilbert] Burnet, Some Letters Containing, an Account of What Seemed Most Remarkable in Switzerland, Italy, &c. Written by G. Burnett, D.D. to T[he] H[onourable] R[obert] B[oyle], Rotterdam: Printed by Abraham Acher, bookseller by the Exchange, →OCLC, pages 10–11:

The executive government of the University [of Madras] shall be vested in a syndicate, consisting of the Vice-Chancellor and six of the fellows, who shall be elected for one year by the several faculties, at the annual meetng of the senate, […]

1859, [India Office, Government of the United Kingdom], “Copy of Correspondence with the Indian Government, Showing the Progress of the Measures Adopted for Carrying Out the Education Despatch of the 19th Day of July 1854. [Bye-laws for the Government of the University of Madras.]”, in Accounts and Papers: Twenty-one Volumes. … Session 2, 31 May – 13 August 1859, volume 10 (East India (Education)), part II (Madras); volume XXIV, part II, [London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office], →OCLC, page 367:

The office or jurisdiction of a syndic; a body or council of syndics.


broadcaster

/ˈbɹɔːdˌkɑːstə/

From broadcast (“to transmit a message or signal through radio waves or electronic means”) + -er (suffix forming agent nouns).

suffix

A person whose job it is to effect such broadcasts; specifically, one who presents radio or television programmes (especially documentaries or news programmes); a presenter.


RSM

regimental sergeant major
regimental sergeant major#English

(military) Initialism of regimental sergeant major.


regent

/ˈɹiːd͡ʒənt/

From Middle English regent, from Anglo-Norman regent, Middle French regent, and their source, Latin regēns (“ruling; ruler, governor, prince”), present participle of regō (“I govern, I steer”).

der

One who rules in place of the monarch, especially because the monarch is too young, absent, or disabled.

(Scotland, Canada, US) A member of governing board of a college or university; also a governor of the Smithsonian Institute in Washington DC.


regent

en-adj

regent (comparative more regent, superlative most regent)

more regent (comparative)
most regent (superlative)

/ˈɹiːd͡ʒənt/

the regent powers

1667, John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:


theologian

/ˌθi.əˈloʊd͡ʒən/

/ˌθi.əˈləʊd͡ʒən/

From Old French theologien, equivalent to theology + -an.

Of all the theologians of his age, Hooker was the most unpuritan; […]

1861, John Tulloch, English Puritanism and its leaders, page 29:

In Roman Catholic usage, a theological lecturer attached to a cathedral church.


shroff

A British Indian variant of saraf, from Urdu صراف (sarrāf) and Persian صراف (sarâf), from Arabic صَرَّاف (ṣarrāf).

The sheraffs are poore and begerly.

1618, cited in William Foster, The English Factories in India..., page 8

Amongſt whom were Shroffs, or Money-changers.

1698, John Fryer, “Views the Malabar and Canatick Coasts up to Bombaim”, in A New Account of East-India and Persia, in Eight Letters. Being Nine Years Travels, Begun 1672. And Finished 1681. […], London: […] R[obert] R[oberts] for Ri[chard] Chiswell, letter I (Containing a Twelve Month’s Voyage Through Divers Climates), page 52:

The breakfast soon dispatch'd, they're off,
To borrow money from a shroff.

1816, 'Quiz', The Grand Master..., canto ii, ll. 18 f.

Racing leads to the shroff quicker than anything else.

1888, Rudyard Kipling, ‘The Broken-Link Handicap’, Plain Tales from the Hills, fol. 2005, page 110

(India) A provider of financial services, especially a small-scale independent banker or money changer or (historical) a local expert at detecting bad coin.

An assistant shroff of the Queen Mary Hospital faced Mr. J. Reynolds at Central yesterday charged with the larceny of $10.

1950 November 3, South China Morning Post, page 7:

It is a source of endless fascination to newcomers to Hong Kong to observe types of employment in the city rarely seen in other parts of the world. Where, away from here, would you come across a shroff, for example?

2006 July 29, South China Morning Post, page 12:

(Hong Kong) A cashier, especially for a car park.

(Hong Kong) The office of such a cashier at a car park etc.


cellist

And the cello concerto was strikingly different on Sunday: at Weill, the ensemble included two violinists and one violist, cellist, bassist and lutenist, but on Sunday four more violinists, a second violist and a harpsichordist were added to give the ripieno sections of the fast movements a heftier punch than the smaller group delivered.

2009 January 20, Allan Kozinn, “Shafts of Sun in Winter From the Italian Baroque”, in The New York Times:

Though relative newcomers to classical music, they seemed closely attuned to the eight cellists onstage, raising their heads abruptly as the piece’s languid strains gave way to rapid-fire bow strokes.

2021 April 28, Lisa Abend, “When the Cellos Play, the Cows Come Home”, in The New York Times:


chiromancer

/ˈkaɪɹəˌmænsɚ/

The ſcumme of the people partake of the Chyromancer; they will ſee the hand, to judge the heart: but how many are there who preſent themſelves before God with hands of gold, and hearts of clay?

1638, Virgilio Malvezzi, “Tarquin Makes Peace with the Equi, Renewes His League with the Tuscans, and Betaking Himselfe to Citie Affairs, will Finish the Temple of Jupiter Tarpeius”, in Henry Carey, Baron Carey of Leppington, transl., Romvlvs and Tarqvin: First Written in Italian by the Marques Virgilio Malvezzi; and now Taught English by H: Ld. Cary of Lepingtō, 2nd edition, London: Printed by I. H. for Iohn Benton, and are to be sould at his shopp under St Dunstons Church Fleet street, →OCLC, page 225:

Hippocrates Prince of Phyſick, ſayes, that the Phyſician cannot be accompliſhed in his Art, if he have not the knowledge of Aſtrologie; ſo I may ſay that the Chiromancer is not perfect nor accompliſhed if he have not Phyſiognomie, which is Scienta quâ natura hominum ex aſpectu corporis judicatur, […]

1653, Richard Sanders, “What Physiognomie is, and what of It is Requisite for the Chiromancer to Know”, in Physiognomie, and Chiromancie, Metoposcopie, the Symmetrical Proportions and Signal Moles of the Body, Fully and Accurately Handled; with Their Natural-predictive Significations. The Subject of Dreams; Divinative, Steganographical, and Lullian Sciences. Whereunto is Added the Art of Memorie, London: Printed by R. White, for Nathaniel Brooke, at the sign of the angel in Cornhil near the Royal Exchange, →OCLC, page 143:

There are many other inconstant folds, or markings of the skin, in this region [of the hand], which, to the surgeon, are of little import, but which present a book of mystic lore to the gipsy and the cheiromancer, wherein (when opened by the necessary charms) they discern the future destinies of all that seek to be enlightened by them.

1836–1839, F. T. M‘Dougall, “Hand, Regions of the”, in Robert B[entley] Todd, editor, The Cyclopædia of Anatomy and Physiology, volumes II (DIA–INS), London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts, →OCLC, page 524:

Chiromancers divide the hand into several regions, each presided by a planet. The thumb belongs to Venus, the index to Jupiter, the middle finger to Saturn, the annulary to the Sun, the auricular to Mercury, the centre of the hand to Mars, the remainder to the Moon. The direction of the line of life is still undecided by chiromancers; some placing it between the thumb and index, traversing the centre of the palm; […]

1845, “Fortune-tellers and Chiromancy”, in Albany Poyntz, editor, A World of Wonders, with Anecdotes and Opinions Concerning Popular Superstitions, London: Richard Bentley, New Burlington Street, publisher in ordinary to Her Majesty, →OCLC, pages 126–127:

It was considered blasphemous to forestall Providence, as most chiromancers and metoposcopists did, by predicting future events in everyday life from sundry bodily signs; and this accounts for the widespread belief throughout those centuries that physiognomy was a kind of black magic.

1982, Graeme Tytler, “Lavater and the Physiognomische Fragmente”, in Physiognomy in the European Novel: Faces and Fortunes, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 43:

Now this chiromancer, when he understood the king's wish, took hold of his hand and examined with the greatest care all the lines he could trace there. After considering them diligently, one and all, he stood silent and his face grew pale.

2012, Giovan[ni] Francesco Straparola, “King Galafro's Vain Precautions”, in W. G. Waters, transl., edited by Donald Beecher, The Pleasant Nights (The Lorenzo da Ponte Italian Library), volume 2, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, →ISBN, page 264:

One who practices chiromancy; a palm reader.


economist

From Middle French économiste (“household manager”).

der

(obsolete) One who economizes, or manages domestic or other concerns with frugality; one who expends money, time, or labor, judiciously, and without waste.


ballerina

en-noun

ballerina (plural ballerinas or ballerine)

/ˌbæləɹˈiːnə/

(nonstandard) A ballet dancer (unisex term)

A ballet dancer (unisex term)
A female ballet dancer.

Ellipsis of prima ballerina. The star female ballet performer in the company.

prima ballerina

(less common, nonstandard) A male ballet dancer; Synonym of ballerino


malter

From Middle English maltare, malter, maltar; equivalent to malt + -er.

(dated) A person who makes malt; a maltster.


curator

From Latin cūrātor (“one who has care of a thing, a manager, guardian, trustee”), from cūrāre (“to take care of”), from cūra (“care, heed, attention, anxiety, grief”).

der

The Club became like town meetings for the entire New York art scene, attracting dealers, collectors, uptown curators like Alfred Barr, critics, and just about any other culturati who could wrangle their way in.

Renowned curator Jacques Saunière staggered through the vaulted archway of the museum's Grand Gallery.

2003, Dan Brown, The Da Vinci Code, Doubleday, →ISBN, page 3:

A person who manages, administers or organizes a collection, either independently or employed by a museum, library, archive or zoo.

منظم معارض

One appointed to act as guardian of the estate of a person not legally competent to manage it, or of an absentee; a trustee.

Kurator

one appointed to act as guardian; trustee

A member of a curatorium, a board for electing university professors, etc.

Kurator

A person or entity who controls, manages, or oversees another.

(cricket) A groundsman who looks after a cricket field.


potter

From Middle English pottere, from late Old English pottere (“potter”), equivalent to pot + -er, influenced by Old French potier (“potter”). More at pot. Displaced Old English crocwyrhta (literally “pot worker”).

ncog

shoemakers, weavers, potters, bronzeworkers who produced and purveyed the articles necessary for daily life.

1961, J. A. Philip, “Mimesis in the Sophistês of Plato,”, in Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, volume 92, page 453:

One who makes pots and other ceramic wares.

One who places flowers or other plants inside their pots.

ruukuttaja

one who places flowers or other plants inside their pots

the convivial society of gipsies, tinkers, potters, strolling players, &c.

1829, Thomas De Quincey, “Professor Wilson”, in Edinburgh Literary Gazette:

The chicken turtle, Deirochelys reticularia.


potter

en-verb

potter (third-person singular simple present potters, present participle pottering, simple past and past participle pottered)

potters (present singular third-person)
pottering (participle present)
pottered (participle past)
pottered (past)

Frequentative of pote, equivalent to pote + -er. Cognate with Dutch poteren, peuteren (“to poke, pry, search”).

He’s so dreamy and absent-minded. He potters about the garden all the time.

1923, P. G. Wodehouse, chapter II, in Leave It to Psmith:

(British) To move slowly or aimlessly. (Often potter about, potter around.)


air chief marshal

en-noun

air chief marshal (plural air chief marshals)

A holder of the most senior active rank in the Royal Air Force, NATO grade OF-9.


telephone operator

telephone operator (plural telephone operators)

Since the outbreak of war women have been recruited for many grades of railway work. The number of women clerks has been increased greatly, and women are performing invaluable work as porters, motor drivers, carriage cleaners, and telephone operators, as well as in a variety of other capacities.

1942 July-August, T. F. Cameron, “How the Staff of a Railway is Recruited”, in Railway Magazine, page 207:

A person who operates a telephone switchboard.

telefonista

a person who operates a telephone switchboard


tinker

(US)

From Middle English tynkere, perhaps from Old English *tincere, from tin (“tin”) + *cere, as in bēocere (“beekeeper”).

if ifs and ans were pots and pans, there'd be no work for tinkers' hands

(dated, chiefly British and Ireland, offensive) A member of the Irish Traveller community or of other itinerant groups; a gypsy.


copilot

artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence

An assistant, especially one that uses artificial intelligence.


entomologist

The noted entomologist Charles W. Woodworth suggested the use of Drosophila melanogaster for genetic studies.

DENR entomologists recall that beetle infestation of the agohos is similar to another which killed thousands of pine trees in Benguet in 1981.

1989, The Philippine Lumberman, volume 35:

Colorado stood at the brink of an outbreak that another Forest Service entomologist would dub “Beetlegeddon.”

2012, Michael Lanza, Before They're Gone: A Family's Year-Long Quest to Explore America's Most Endangered National Parks, page 104:


demographer

/dɪˈmɒɡɹəfə(ɹ)/


craftsman

Yeh Wang (1826-1889), a master craftsman born in Chiayi, founded the Taiwanese branch of the industry, and though his work is rare these days, you can still see some of his original figures in Ciji Temple in Syuejia near Tainan (see p.333).[...]Chiayi is still home to numerous koji craftsmen - in addition to its vibrant colours, koji is unique in that everything is handmade.

2007, Stephen Keeling, Brice Minnigh, “Central Taiwan”, in The Rough Guide to Taiwan (Rough Guides), Penguin, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 287:

A person who makes or creates material objects partly or entirely by hand.


auctioneer

The auctioneer, with his fruity, theatrical voice and his gavel, hits a block of wood in precisely the same spot, no matter the day.

2002, Zadie Smith, The Autograph Man, Penguin Books (2003), page 102:

An individual who conducts an auction on behalf of a vendor, accepting bids to find the best price for the vendor.


bondsman

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bondsman.wav


Caesar

From Latin Caesar. Displaced Old English cāsere, which would have yielded *caser, *coser, and Middle English keiser, kaiser, from Old Norse and continental Germanic languages. All ultimately from the same Latin root. (See also Kaiser and tsar.)

The Caesars were an ancient and aristocratic family, which for eight generations had been prominent in the commonwealth.

1891, William Rainey Harper, Herbert Cushing Tolman, Eight Books of Caesar’s Gallic War, New York, N.Y., Cincinnati, Oh., Chicago, Ill.: American Book Company, page 2:

Habel, 63 ff., believes that up to 51 the emperors bestowed priesthoods on the Caesares, using their special power of commendation; but that these Caesares were forced to wait until a place in a college was vacant; that after 51 the Caesares were elected by the senate.

1955, Papers and Monographs of the American Academy in Rome, volume 16, page 100:

To the powerful, the Caesares were flattering, deferential, sincerely devoted, self-sacrificing, loyal, eagerly serving.

1965, Taylor Caldwell, A Pillar of Iron, Doubleday, →ISBN, page 128:

Five of the Caesares were killed during the years 90-85 (D. G., 3, 114).

1975, Collection Latomus, volume 142, page 39:

[…] Off. 1.133 and Att. 13.19.4 do not establish the uterine relationship of Catulus and the Caesares, merely the fact that Catulus and the Caesares were regarded as fratres.

1996, Antichthon, volumes 34–36, page 56:

Of the two plebeian candidates Silanus obviously counted on the assistance of Manlius, who was in office and to whom he was related from the grandfather, but his rival, a Minucius who had become a Marcius, counted on the patrician rival Caesar and on the other consul, L. Aurelius Cotta, because the Caesares were related by marriage both with the Marcii and the Cottae; in fact, Silanus was defeated by their coalition.

1999, Friedrich Münzer, translated by Thérèse Ridley, Roman Aristocratic Parties and Families, Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, page 319:

The Pulchri were a branch of the Clodius family, just as the Caesares were of the Julii.

2000, Richard W[alter] Hooper, Representative Chapters in Ancient History: From Romulus to Justinian, University Press of America, →ISBN, page 542:

He was joined on this commission by C. Caesar Strabo (RE Iulius no. 135), of another branch of the Caesares, who had stressed his heritage by adding the old Julian praenomen Vopiscus (see the cos. 473, MRR 1.29) to his name as a cognomen.

2009, Ernst Badian, “From the Iulii to Caesar”, in Miriam Griffin, editor, A Companion to Julius Caesar, Wiley Blackwell, →ISBN, page 15:

By about the middle of the 2nd cent., the Caesares were claiming descent from *Ascanius and, through him, from his grandmother Venus (see the coins Crawford, RRC 258, 129 bc, and 320, 103 bc, the latter with a symbolic reference to Apollo, the ancient god of the gens).

2012, Simon Hornblower, Antony Spawforth, Esther Eidinow, editors, The Oxford Classical Dictionary, 4th edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 755:

An ancient Roman family name, notably that of Julius Caesar.


tennis player

By way of analogy, let us consider what it takes to be a good or bad tennis player. An extremely good tennis player must possess a mastery of the many different activities that are part of the game—serving, returning, and running around the court […]

2014, Luke Russell, Evil: A Philosophical Investigation, page 166:

A person who plays tennis, especially professionally. (This entry is a translation hub.)


floater

From float + -er (suffix forming agent nouns).

kelluja

person who physically floats in a gas or liquid

kelluva esine

thing which physically floats in a gas or liquid

leijuri

thing which moves from place to place, as if floating

(figurative) A person without a fixed or lasting affiliation, position, or role.

(US) A person who votes illegally in various electoral districts or polling places, either under a false voter registration or under the name of a properly registered voter who has not yet voted.


gumshoe

"Who's this gumshoe guy from the bush league tailin' us?"

1920, William MacLeod Raine, chapter 20, in The Big-Town Round-Up:


pearl diver

(slang) A person who works as a dishwasher.


dishwasher

From Middle English dysche wescheare, equivalent to dish + washer.

Coordinate term: bottlewasher

The chefs never cooked before, the cashiers never cashiered before, the dishwashers never dishwashed before, the waitresses never waitressed before, and the managers never managed before.

Someone who washes dishes, especially one hired to wash dishes in a restaurant.

(Australia) A bird, the restless flycatcher (Myiagra inquieta).


grease monkey

First use appears c. 1910 in a translated work. See cite below. May have originated during the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain, when children were used to grease the large rotating axles which were used to transfer power from one centralized steam engine to all of the machines on the factory floor. These children, covered in grease and crawling in the tight spaces in the ceilings, were equated with monkeys.

If you appear like a tramp or grease-monkey how can you expect to meet the people who are able to support your business.

1910, Antonin Gilbert Sertillanges, Jeanne d'Arc et l'Union française - discours prononcé à Notre-Dame le 8 Mai 1910 en la première fête liturgique de la Bienheureuse Jeanne d'Arc, page 10:

Maybe some other "grease monkey," as I call mechanics, will correct me.

1918, Motor World Publishing Company (publisher), Motor World for Jobbers, Dealers and Garagemen - Volume 55, page 29:

Brother W.M. Hillery resigned from his job as grease monkey and is working for Armour and Company, but as we understand he is just itching to get with the old bunch.

1920, International Union of Elevator Constructors (publisher), The Elevator Constructor - Volume 17, page 30:

(idiomatic, slang) A mechanic, often with the specific connotation of an automobile mechanic.


coroner

From Middle English coroner, from Old French curuner, from Medieval Latin custōs placitōrum corōnae (“guardian of the crown's pleas”). The function was originally to protect royal properties.

der

(Commonwealth, Ireland, Japan, law) A public official who presides over an inquest into unnatural deaths, and who may have (or historically had) additional powers such as investigating cases of treasure trove.

(Canada, US, medicine) A medical doctor who performs autopsies and determines time and cause of death from a scientific standpoint.

(Isle of Man) The administrative head of a sheading.


fruiterer

From Late Middle English fruiterē̆r (“fruit grower; fruit dealer”), from fruitē̆r (“fruit dealer; household official having charge of fruit”) + -er (it is unclear why the second suffix was added). Fruitē̆r is derived from Anglo-Norman fruitier or French fruitier (“fruit-seller”), from fruit (“fruit”) (from Latin frū̆ctus (“produce, product, fruit; enjoyment, satisfaction”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰruHg- (“to have enjoyment of; make use of”)) + -ier (suffix forming names of jobs).

der

[T]he very ſame day did I fight with one Samſon Stockefiſh a Fruiterer behinde Greyes Inne: Ieſu, Ieſu, the mad dayes that I haue ſpent!

c. 1596–1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Second Part of Henrie the Fourth, […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

And Knight laughed, and drew her close and kissed her the second time, which operations he performed with the carefulness of a fruiterer touching a bunch of grapes so as not to disturb their bloom.

1872 September – 1873 July, Thomas Hardy, “‘I Lull a Fancy, Trouble-Tost’”, in A Pair of Blue Eyes. […], volume III, London: Tinsley Brothers, […], published 1873, →OCLC, page 24:

A good few Indian fruiterers who were right in the centre of Johannesburg never made the 'mistake' of serving a black man, or even another Indian, before a white customer, no matter who had come first.

1962, Ezekiel Mphahlele, “The Nationalist”, in The African Image, New York, N.Y.: Frederick A. Praeger, →OCLC, page 70:


punk rocker

(informal) A person who plays, or is a fan of, punk rock.


cleaner

Inherited from Middle English clener, clenere, equivalent to clean + -er (agent noun suffix).

I'll have to take this shirt to the cleaners.

(in the plural) A professional laundry or dry cleaner (business). (This form is now interpreted as plural and usually spelled without an apostrophe, even in official usage, to justify the removal of the apostrophe. It was traditionally spelled cleaner's with an apostrophe because this is grammatically correct, as can be seen with forms such as go to the doctor's, which cannot be reinterpreted as plural.)

mosoda

industrial dry-cleaner or self-service establishment


speechwriter

someone who writes speeches for others, especially as a profession


marksman

In what was a characteristic Bent display, he made only an occasional impact - but proved once again in front of England coach Fabio Capello that he is one of the most reliable marksmen in the domestic game.

2011 January 22, Phil McNulty, “Aston Villa 1 - 0 Man City”, in BBC:


tester

From Middle English tester, equivalent to test + -er.

(cycling) A cyclist who focuses on success in time trials.


gamelan

en-noun

gamelan (countable and uncountable, plural gamelans)

/ˈɡæ.məˌlæn/

Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦩꦼꦭꦤ꧀ (gamelan), from Old Javanese gamelan.

(music) A genre of music of Indonesian origin typically featuring metallophones, xylophones, drums, gongs and a bamboo flute (called a siuling).


systems analyst

systems analyst (plural systems analysts)

business analyst
business analyst#English

(business, management) Synonym of business analyst