moneyer

From Middle English moneyour, partly from Middle English money + -our, and partly from Anglo-Norman monoiier, monneiere, monnier. Equivalent to money + -er.

As best they could, the imperial moneyers carved coin dies which imitated the coins of ancient Rome from half a millennium before.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 350:

A minter: one who makes money, particularly (historical) the superintendent of a mint producing coinage.


underfarmer

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underfarmer.wav


pointsman

At their point of origin, constructing these boxes presented railway companies with an attractive proposition: to remove the need for pointsmen and flagmen operating at several ground-level locations around a railway site by housing one or two men in a signal structure.

2021 October 20, Dr Joseph Brennan, “A key part of our diverse railway heritage”, in RAIL, number 942, page 57:

(rail transport) A man in charge of railroad points or switches.

стрелочник

a man in charge of railroad points or switches


acter

(uncommon, nonstandard) An actor, someone who or something which acts.


chief information officer

en-noun

chief information officer (plural chief information officers)

information technology
information technology

chief executive officer
chief executive officer

An executive who is in charge of the technical affairs of a business, notably as head of the information technology department, typically directly under the chief executive officer and/or the board.

CIO

person in charge of the technical affairs of a business


basketeer

Someone who makes baskets; a basketmaker


counterperson

counterperson (plural counterpersons or counterpeople)

counterpersons (plural)
counterpeople (plural)

A person who works behind the counter in a shop or bank, etc.


fuguist

(archaic) A musician who composes or performs fugues.


hotelkeeper

The American system is doubtless the best for the hotelkeeper, as there are manifest advantages in feeding masses at once, over feeding the same number in detail.

1857, Henry A. Murray, Lands of the Slave and the Free:

Leon Chevret, the French hotelkeeper, said of him to a lawyer of his acquaintance, "Bret Harte, he have the Napoleonic nose, the nose of genius; also, like many of you professional men, his debts trouble him very little."

1921, Charles A. Murdock, A Backward Glance at Eighty:


vicenary

/ˈvɪsəˌnɛɹi/

From Latin vīcēnārius, from vīcēnus (“twenty each”) + -ārius (“-ary: forming adjectives and related nouns”). Doublet of vicenarious. Ultimately cognate with English vigenary.

Delicat, another Captaine, or vicenarie in Sara, hauing vnder him twenty assistants.

1603, S. Harsnett, Declaration of Popish Impostures, page 49:

(military, obsolete or archaic) An officer in command of twenty men.


feuilletonist

From French feuilletoniste. By surface analysis, feuilleton + -ist.

In 1895, while Japan was busy beating China, and had convinced herself that she could beat the world, one of the Tōkyō papers achieved a success by the publication of a serial noved entitled Asahi-Zakura, by a feuilletonist called Murai Gensai.

1905, Basil Hall Chamberlain, Things Japanese:

But for all this, Grassou gave excellent counsel, like those feuilletonists incapable of writing a book who know very well where a book is wanting.

1840, Honoré de Balzac, translated by Katharine Prescott Wormeley, Pierre Grassou:


leadman

A member of the set decoration department on a film set who is responsible for the props and swing gang and/or set dressers.


jowter

fish drivers , whom we call jowters

1609, Richard Carew, The Survey of Cornwall. […], new edition, London: […] B. Law, […]; Penzance, Cornwall: J. Hewett, published 1769, →OCLC:

He lifted out the catfish and selected a small carp. They watched the needle swing. The old jowter twisted up the apron in his hands. Two and a half, he said.

1979, Cormac McCarthy, Suttree, Random House, page 68:

(archaic) A buyer and seller of fish, usually operating from a cart or a van.


pharmacopolist

From Latin pharmacopola + -ist, from Ancient Greek φαρμακοπώλης (pharmakopṓlēs), from φάρμακον (phármakon, “drug, charm, enchantment”) + -πώλης (-pṓlēs, “-seller, -monger”). Cf. papyropolist. Doublet of pharmacopole.

der

φαρμακοπώλης

(archaic or historical) Synonym of pharmacist: a person who sells medicine, an apothecary.


fashion designer

en-noun

fashion designer (plural fashion designers)

Someone who designs clothing professionally.

時裝設計師 /时装设计师

someone who designs clothing professionally


episcopant

[T]he interceſſion of all theſe Apoſtolick Fathers could not prevail vvith them to alter their reſolved Decree of reducing into order their uſurping and over-provender'd Epiſcopants; […]

1641 June or July, John Milton, Of Prelatical Episcopacy, and Whether It may be Deduc’d from the Apostolical Times by Virtue of Those Testimonies which are Alledg’d to that Purpose in Some Late Treatises; […]; republished in A Complete Collection of the Historical, Political, and Miscellaneous Works of John Milton, […], volume I, Amsterdam [actually London: s.n.], 1698, →OCLC, page 246:


underskinker

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underskinker.wav

(obsolete or historical) An assistant barperson or tavern worker.


pussyboy

Ted is such a pussy boy fleeing whenever there is danger or drama, or even a spider!

(slang, derogatory) An especially cowardly or otherwise unmanly young man.


handcuff artist

handcuff artist (plural handcuff artists)

An escape artist who specializes in escaping handcuffs.


prison bitch

What kind of life can a prison bitch expect to lead once he is released?

2004, Alexander Cockburn, Serpents in the garden: liaisons with culture & sex, page 273:

What's the tattoo for a prison bitch? A rabbit? A pansy? Maybe,” she added scornfully, “a nice big bull's eye tattooed right on your ass

2007, Gil Snider, Brain Warp: A Medical Thriller, page 255:

“More like the big house,” Tyree snapped. “Mama, I don't wanna end up a prison bitch,” Cecile cried.

2009, R.A. Melos, The Adventures of Homosexual Man and Lesbian Ladd, page 79:

(prison slang) A male prisoner used as a sex slave by another man in the absence of available women.


gripman

(chiefly historical) A man employed to manipulate the grip of a cable car (the streetcar), therefore enabling it to start and stop.


harpress

the soft sigh of the evening breeze in the rustling leaves of an aspen which overhung the seat of the fair harpress

1814 July 7, [Walter Scott], Waverley; or, ’Tis Sixty Years Since. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC:


graffer

A wall in neighbouring Clifton Hill is also very chatty, but the messages are the tags, pieces and throw-ups of subway-style graffiti writers, whose conversation is directed to other graffers rather than the general public (above).

2007, Christine Dew, Uncommissioned art: an A-Z of Australian graffiti:


podder

B., a Podder in the Bank, demanded and took a reward for his trouble in receiving the money.

1880, Kedarnath Ghosh, Compendium of Criminal Rulings:

Five of these 100-rupee notes have been traced to a podder or money-changer in the Fort, who deposes that he received them from four soldiers in the Royal Fusiliers.

1915, Government Gazette: The United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, page 48:

He mentioned that he had no time to check the scrolls, and that the statement of the tellers and podders was quite false.


feuterer

Either from German Fütterer (“feeder”) (see füttern), or corrupted from Old French vautrier, vaultrier, from vaultre, viautre (“a kind of hound”), from Latin vertragus, vertraga (“a greyhound”). The last is of Celtic/Gaulish origin, from Proto-Celtic *uɸor- (“over”) + *tregess (“foot”).

You yeoman phevvterer, conduct mee to / The Lady of the manſion, or my poniard / Shall diſemboge thy ſoule.

c. 1621–1623 (date written), Philip Massinger, The Maid of Honour. […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Robert Allot, […], published 1632, →OCLC, Act II, scene ii, signatures D2, verso – D3, recto:

(obsolete) A keeper of dogs, especially of greyhounds.


emergency medical technician

emergency medical technician (plural emergency medical technicians)

emergency medical technicians (plural)
EMT (abbreviation)

(emergency medicine) A basic ambulance worker training in patient stabilization and emergency transport; not a paramedic.


bromatologist

An expert in bromatology; food scientist.


gabeler

(law, historical) A collector of gabels or taxes.


pykar

Borrowed from Bengali পাইকার (paikar), from Hindustani پیکار (pekār) / पैकार (paikār), from Classical Persian پای کار (pāy-kār).

There were also smaller dealers, known by the names of Pykars, resident throughout the country at large who made purchases and prepared the opium in their houses from 10 to 50 maunds, but the commodity thus received from the Pykars was never genuine.

1892, Sir George Watt, A Dictionary of the Economic Products of India:

In Dacca before Plassey only 9 dalals and 11 pykars were permitted in the cloth trade. Any other person calling himself a dalal or a pykar was liable to be punished by Nawab's Daroga of Mulmul Khas Kuthee.

1961, Narendra Krishna Sinha, The Economic History of Bengal:

The Council of Revenue wrote to the CCC in 1772 that the Company's pykars were procuring cocoons through debt-bondage and coercion and that 'the riots and chassars are reduced to a state of actual slavery."

1995, Studies in History, volume 11, page 197:

A broker dealing directly with a manufacturer of goods.


horologer

From Middle English orloger, from Middle French orlogier; equivalent to horology + -er.

Synonym of horologist, a person skilled in horology, a maker or maintainer of timekeeping devices.


junior minister

junior minister (plural junior ministers)

The junior minister Nadine Morano, who recently said Dati had been served a political career "on a golden platter", suggested she go back to her roots and run in rural Burgundy, where she grew up in a poor family of 11 children.

2011 December 14, Angelique Chrisafis, “Rachida Dati accuses French PM of sexism and elitism”, in Guardian:

One junior minister failed to see why main lines could not simply be turned into motorways and be done with it.

2024 January 10, Howard Johnston, “Launched for enthusiasts - now it's for everyone”, in RAIL, number 1000, page 28:

(politics) a member of a legislative body who holds a position in government below cabinet level, i.e. reporting to the head of a department, not the prime minister or head of government


sylviculturist

Someone who cultivates forest trees, especially as a business; a forester.


crowder

From Middle English crowdere; equivalent to crowd + -er.

Certainly, I must confess my own barbarousness, I never heard the old song of Percy and Douglas that I found not my heart moved more than with a trumpet; and yet it is sung but by some blind crowder […]

a. 1587 (date written), Phillip Sidney [i.e., Philip Sidney], An Apologie for Poetrie. […], London: […] [James Roberts] for Henry Olney, […], published 1595, →OCLC; republished as Edward Arber, editor, An Apologie for Poetrie (English Reprints), London: [Alexander Murray & Son], 1 April 1868, →OCLC:

One who plays on a crwth, a string instrument of Welsh origin; a fiddler.


bioscientist

A scientist who specializes in any of the biosciences


coffeeman

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-coffeeman.wav

In their cabin, Miss Martin and Miss Bowker were interrupted by a knock on the door. “Women up on the boat deck!” the voice cried. “Get your lifebelts!” There was no time to change clothes; each girl grabbed a wrapper and cloak. As they dashed down the passageway they looked back to their colleagues, all male: the French waiters, chef, chef's assistants, bakers, sauce makers, fish cooks, wine butlers, barmen, coffeemen, soup cook, and sculleryman.

1999, Kristen Iversen, Molly Brown: Unraveling the Myth, page 15:

A person who makes coffee in an establishment, or on a ship etc.


postrider

Six persons were chosen as post-riders, to give due notice to the country towns of any attempt to land the tea by force

1834–1874, George Bancroft, History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent, volume (please specify |volume=I to X), Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company [et al.], →OCLC:

One who rides over a postroad to carry the mails.


registered nurse

registered nurse (plural registered nurses)

A professional nurse who is a licensed graduate of a university or college of nursing who has successfully passed an examination such as NCLEX-RN.


boxkeeper

I descended, escorted by the fruit-woman, who desired a box-keeper to open the door of Mrs Pott's box […] .

1808–10, William Hickey, Memoirs of a Georgian Rake, Folio Society 1995, p. 255

(now historical) A theatre attendant in charge of the boxes.


roadmaster

Railwaymen may travel by free pass to their homes by applying to the Roadmaster.

1938, Xavier Herbert, chapter XIII, in Capricornia, New York: D. Appleton-Century, published 1943, page 222:

One who is in charge of a railroad track.


stallman

[…]the strong fancy which the stallman saw my father had for the book the moment he laid his hands upon it

1759–1767, [Laurence Sterne], The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, volume (please specify |volume=I to IX), London: […] T. Becket and P. A. Dehondt, […]:

One who keeps a stall for the sale of merchandise, especially books.


baxter

From Middle English bakestere, bakestre, bakistre, from Old English bæcestre, feminine of bæcere (“baker”). See baker, as bake + -ster.

(obsolete, Northern England, Scotland) A baker (originally, a female baker).


runholder

/ˈɹʌnhəʊldə/

/ˈɹʌnˌhoʊldəɹ/

From run (“rural landholding for farming, usually for running sheep”) + holder. Run (noun) is derived from run (“(chiefly Australia, New Zealand) to allow (cattle, sheep, etc.) to graze and move freely on land; to raise (livestock)”, verb).

compound

(Australia, New Zealand) A person who holds (leases or owns) a run (“rural landholding for farming”), especially one for raising sheep.


hackler

A worker who separated the coarse part of flax or hemp with a hackle; a flax-dresser


flax-dresser

A worker who separated the coarse part of flax or hemp with a hackle; a hackler

haicléir

a worker who separated the coarse part of flax or hemp with a hackle


batfowler

He has eaten for his supper an entire chicken boiled in a lardpail he, and he himself is the batfowler who crossed like smoke the dark garden patches above First Creek […]

1979, Cormac McCarthy, Suttree, Random House, page 137:


counterjumper

[...] and the chastest women thought it no shame for their pictures to be exposed in every stationer's shop or to decorate the chimney-piece of a platonic counter-jumper.

1905, W. Somerset Maugham, chapter V, in The Merry-Go-Round:

Her manner was brisk, and her good-breeding scarcely concealed her conviction that if you were not a soldier you might as well be a counter-jumper.

1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “ch. 15”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:

(slang, derogatory, dated) A salesman in a shop; a shopman or clerk.

прика́зчик

a salesman in a shop; a shopman or clerk


tractioneer

From traction + -eer; Blend of traction engine (“tractor”) + engineer (“steam engine operator”).

blend

(obsolete, agriculture) An operator of a farm tractor (steam tractor or gas tractor).


thresherman

(obsolete, agriculture) the owner-operator of a mechanical thresher, operating as a threshing business


carpetmonger

One who deals in carpets; a buyer and seller of carpets.


pentecoster

From pentecost + -er, from Medieval Latin pentēcostē, from Ancient Greek πεντηκοστή (pentēkostḗ, “fiftieth”). Cognate with Pentecost.

der

...they would have the command of the pentecoster, penteconter, or pentecoptater (for thus variously the title is written)...

1784-1810, William Mitford, The History of Greece:

An officer who commands fifty men, particularly (historical) in the Spartan army.


house nigger

By analogy with slaves that worked predominantly indoors during US slavery who were trained with more skills than basic field hands or plantation niggers.

If massa was sick, house nigger would come 'round and say, “Massa we sick, ain't we?

2008, Julia L. Mickenberg, Philip Nel, Tales for little rebels: a collection of radical children's literature, page 195:

(dated, now offensive) A black slave that worked as a domestic as opposed to manual laborer.


biological psychologist

en-noun

biological psychologist (plural biological psychologists)

A type of psychologist who explores the application of the principles of biology to the study of mental processes and behaviors.


shoer

From Middle English schoer, schouger (“one who shoes horses; blacksmith”), from Old English sċōere, sċōhere (“one who makes shoes; shoemaker”), equivalent to shoe + -er.

A farrier is a shoer of horses


computer scientist

computer scientist (plural computer scientists)

One who studies or practises computer science.

informàtic

one who studies or practises computer science


prison guard

And Tietelbaum has been bought and sold so many times by the dark Republican powers that be, look at the prisonguard beating trial and the Ventura County sewer fiasco.

1997, Gary Indiana, Resentment: A comedy, New York: Anchor Books, published 1998, →ISBN, →OL, page 170:

During his services as a praetorian, Caesium Verus was twice promoted, first to tubicen (trumpeter), then to optio carceris (camp prisonguard): ordinatus tubicem item optio at carcarem factus est.

1987, Arctos: Acta philologica fennica, volumes 21-23, page 29:

The Telfaire Prisonguard towers rise miragelike in the swampy sunlight like giant mushroom caps on grey concrete stalks.

2011, Marc Ian Barasc, The Compassionate Life: Walking the Path of Kindness, San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, →ISBN:

(law enforcement) An armed person working to provide order, security, discipline, punishment, and prevent escapes of prisoners in a jail that answers to a warden.

zindançı

person working to provide order to in a jail


farm nigger

Coordinate term: house nigger

(dated, now offensive) A black slave employed in manual labor.


plantation nigger

plantation nigger (plural plantation niggers)

(dated, ethnic slur) A slave employed in manual labor, as opposed to a house nigger.


ripienist

(music) A musician in the ripieno portion of an orchestra, especially as opposed to a soloist or concertino section.


bow maker

One who manufactures bows for use in archery.

قَوَّاس

one who manufactures bows for use in archery

One who manufactures bows for use with bowed stringed instruments.

製弓師 /制弓师

one who manufactures bows for musical instruments


wool classer

(Australia, New Zealand) A person who sorts and assigns grades to wool according to its quality.


nail technician

nail technician (plural nail technicians)

A person who applies and maintains nail products on natural fingernails and toenails, to enhance their look.


shopboy

One figure after another emerged from the room behind, and at each step Walter Maynard felt a cold shudder steal over him; and then he started and coloured, lest his agitation should have been observed; but the shopboy was too used to such scenes to heed them.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 10–11:


tindal

From Malayalam തണ്ടല് (taṇṭal) or Telugu తండేలు (taṇḍēlu), ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *tanḍal-.

One thing that continued unchanged was the division of the crew into two watches, each led by a tindal.

2008, Amitav Ghosh, Sea of Poppies, Penguin, published 2015, page 16:

(India, dated) A petty officer among lascars; a boatswain's mate; a cockswain.


taua

A group of Maori warriors sent out as a war party.


pancratist

An athlete or gymnast in the pankration in Ancient Greece.


rouleur

Borrowed from French rouleur (“one who causes something to roll, roller; something which rolls; cyclist who performs well on flat and undulating roads, rouleur”), from rouler (“to roll”) + -eur (suffix forming masculine nouns from verbs). Rouler is derived from Old French ruele, roele (“small wheel”) (from Medieval Latin rotulō, from Latin rotula (“small wheel; a roll”), from rota (“wheel”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Hreth₂- (“to run”)) + -ula (feminine singular of -ulus (diminutive suffix))) + -er (suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs).

bor

(cycle racing) A cyclist who performs well on flat and undulating roads.


soigneur

Borrowed from French soigneur (“non-riding member of a cycling team; physiotherapist; trainer”), from soigner (“to look after, take care of; to nurse, treat”) + -eur (suffix forming masculine nouns from verbs). Soigner is derived from soin (“care”, noun) (ultimately from Proto-Germanic *sunjō, *sunþijō (“care, responsibility; sooth, truth”), from *sunjaz (“real, true”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sónts, the active participle of *h₁ésti (“to be”), from *h₁es- (“to be”)) + -er (suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs). Doublet of soigné.

(cycle racing) A non-riding member of a racing team whose role is to provide support (such as massages, supplies, and transportation) for the cyclists.

assistent

non-riding member of a racing team whose role is to provide support for the cyclists


subwarden

From sub- + warden, in some cases as a calque of Latin subcustōs.

The districts in turn were divided into subdistricts under subwardens.

A subordinate warden, a lower-ranking warden.


privatdozent

en-noun

privatdozent (plural privatdozents or privatdozenten)

privatdozents (plural)
privatdozenten (plural)

Unadapted borrowing from German Privatdozent. Doublet of private docent.

ubor

In some European countries, an academic who holds all formal qualifications (doctorate and habilitation) to become a tenured university professor.

Privatdozent

academic who holds all formal qualifications to become a tenured university professor


coal-whipper

[W]e were in among the tiers of shipping […] [H]ere, were colliers by the score and score, with the coal-whippers plunging off stages on deck, as counterweights to measures of coal swinging up, which were then rattled over the side into barges […]

1860 December – 1861 August, Charles Dickens, Great Expectations […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, […], published October 1861, →OCLC:

(UK, dated) One who raises coal out of the hold of a ship.


group leader

The team was composed of the following people: […] 2. Mr. H. Gsänger, marketing economist (groupleader)

1975, Hans Gsänger, How to Make Co-operative Marketing Viable. The Case of Sweet Orange Marketing in Thailand (Schriftenreihe des Fachbereichs Internationale Agrarentwicklung der Technischen Universität Berlin; 4), page 1:

Merely checking a file to ascertain whether the groupleader had issued a prior oral warning cannot possibly be characterized as an “independent invention” of the complaint.

1983, Labor Cases, volume 98, Commerce Clearing House, page 18-600b:

Campers might be required, for example, to get checked out by their groupleader or head counselor before proceeding to receive medical attention.

2006, Mark S. Richman, The Ultimate Camp Counselor Manual. (How to Survive and Succeed Magnificently at Summer Camp), 2nd edition, New York · Lincoln · Shanghai: iUniverse, →ISBN, page 48:

A person who assigns tasks at a workplace or joint activity and thus maintains the impression of placing themself above other people hierarchically.


sales rep

sales representative
sales representative#English

(informal) Clipping of sales representative.


Photoshopper

From Photoshop (“Adobe Photoshop graphics software”, verb) + -er (“agent noun”).

affix

Each band is composed of a Hypertextualist, a Multimedium, and a Photoshopper, and these form “guilds” for working in the computer lab.

1999, Anne B. Keating, Joseph Hargitai, The Wired Professor, A Guide to Incorporating the World Wide Web in College Instruction, NYU Press, page 98:

The theorist Brett Steele sees in Mies van der Rohe the fist ‘Photoshopper’, the architect who anticipated our present-day modes of producing and processing imagery.

2004, L'Architecture d'aujourd'hui, nn 350–351, University of Michigan, p 104

The memes we have interrogated can be seen as associated with – and, indeed, as helping to define – different kinds of affinity spaces. These include gamer spaces, photoshopper spaces, manga/anime spaces, left-leaning political spaces, ‘good’ community member spaces, Asian popular culture fan spaces, among others.

2006, Colin Lankshear, Michele Knobel, New Literacies: Everyday Practices & Classroom Learning, 2nd edition, Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill International, page 231:

Furthermore, Talbot's art is dominated by an overkill of digital filters, fades and effects, applied with the zealous fervour of a born-again Photoshopper.

After she took their order, Nick refilled their cups from the carafe Maria had left on the table and asked, “You claim you're not a Photoshopper, so what do you do—besides pound on doors at the crack of dawn?”

2011, Jacquie D'Aessandro, Summer at Seaside Cove, Penguin:

[p 60] In fact, the photo is a fake. Jane Fonda was added by a photoshopper to discredit Kerry during the 2004 presidential campaign.
[p 108] Those photographs comprise a trove of near-at-hand raw materials for the photoshopper's art. News photos are on the Web for the taking—and faking.

2011, Russell Frank, Newslore: Contemporary Folklore on the Internet, University Press of Mississippi:


imprimery

en-noun

imprimery (countable and uncountable, plural imprimeries)

From French imprimerie, from imprimer (“to print, to imprint”) + -erie (“-ery”), from im- (“in-”) + primer (“to print”). Equivalent to imprint + -ery.

France's National Imprimery dates back to the Renaissance but now mostly prints ID cards.

(countable, archaic) Synonym of printer, printing house, &c., a self-employed printer or printing establishment.


chiropracteur

I dislocated something in my spine when I was head banging. I had to goto a chiropracteur (sp) dude.... man THAT hurt... and that dance was no fun.

1994 December 24, Jason Gorski, “Dances”, in k12.chat.junior (Usenet), retrieved 2022-06-04:

Come forward some 20 odd years and Osteopaths, and their equally outcast at the time cousins Chiropracteurs, are now likely to be situated in your Doctor's surgery - or at least you can get a referral. Back then it was akin to going to a witch doctor.

2002 August 19, Claire, “Disturbing...”, in uk.misc (Usenet), retrieved 2022-06-04:

Hope you both recover quickly (that back and tingling arm ought to go to a chiropracteur!!).

2007 July 5, Elaine Jones, “What will they nick next?!!”, in uk.business.agriculture (Usenet), retrieved 2022-06-04:

(non-native speakers' English) Misspelling of chiropractor.


conder

Synonym of balker (“one who signals to fishing boats the location of shoals of fish”).


pharyngologist

A student of pharyngology; one versed in the science of pharyngology.


stonebreaker

In 1908, Argentinian stonebreakers went on what was to become the longest strike in the country’s history.

2021, “The Stonebreakers”, in Mubi, archived from the original on 2023-04-25:


sightsman

[…] indeed the lessons are evidently the production of a man who either never knew, or has forgotten, the elementary steps and helps necessary to make the future sightsman.

1842, The Musical World, volume 17, page 268:


disquaire

Borrowed, with a change in meaning, from French disquaire (“record dealer; record shop”).

bor

Some discothèques allow their patrons to suggest tunes to the disquaire, but at many such an impertinence would be unthinkable—like asking Pablo Casals to play Melancholy Baby.

1963 July 5, “The Compleat Virtuosi”, in Time, New York, N.Y.: Time Warner Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2008-12-22:

In fact, [Harry] Meyerson had Slim Hyatt, the "disquaire" (disk jockey) at Shepheards, assist him in programming the album.

1964 May 30, Mike Gross, “Deccareques Put Out for Discothequeniks”, in Billboard: The International Music-record Newsweekly, Cincinnati, Oh.: The Billboard Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 1, column 3:

In France, clubs found they didn't need live musicians to get people to dance – just a disquaire who "programmed" dance records and moods for the evening. Such a place had a name too, a discotheque.

2010, Robert Milliken, “Lillian Roxon: Selected Writings”, in Mother of Rock: The Lillian Roxon Story, 2nd edition, U.S.A.: ReadHowYouWant.com, →ISBN, pages 408–409:

He'd given the albums to the disquaire affiliated with Chez Castel, the popular Parisian discotheque.

2012, William J. Mann, “Spring 1964”, in Hello, Gorgeous: Becoming Barbra Streisand, New York, N.Y.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, →ISBN, section 7, page 487:

(dance, music, dated) A disc jockey, especially one in a French-speaking country.


piecener

(historical) One who supplies rolls of wool to the slubbing machine in a wool mill.


arrowsmith

A smith who made the iron tips for arrows


hoppo

en-noun

hoppo (countable and uncountable, plural hoppos or hoppoes)

Government of the Qing Dynasty
Ministry of Revenue (imperial China)
Qing Dynasty
hoppo

Uncertain, although probably an irregular romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 戶部 /户部 (Hùbù), the imperial government's Board of Revenue which oversaw customs and other taxation during the Qing Dynasty. In reference to its agents, a clipping of earlier hoppo-man.

The Hoppos, who look on Europe Ships as a great branch of their Profits, will give you all the fair Words imaginable.

1711, Charles Lockyer, An Account of the Trade in India..., page 101:

...received a most polite invitation from the late Mr. William Parry, a supercargo, to meet the Hoppo (or principal custom-house officer)...

1814, James Wathen, Journal of a Voyage in 1811 and 1812 to Madras and China..., page xvi:

Hoppo. This is a tribunal, that has in charge the collecting of imperial dues on navigation and trade, and remitting the amount to the Grand-hoppo at Canton... at Macao, the Portuguese designate him by the epithet Grand-hoppo, in contradistinction to another... [T]he Hoppo of Macao... levies on foreigners, coming and going, an arbitrary tax on their persons and baggage. He is assisted by compradors, pilots and others...

1836, Anders Ljungstedt, An Historical Sketch of the Portuguese Settlements in China..., pages 86–90:

The ‘Hoppo’ (as he was incorrectly styled) filled an office especially created for the foreign trade at Canton... The Board of Revenue is in Chinese ‘Hoo-poo’, and the office was locally misapplied to the officer in question.

1882, William C. Hunter, The ‘Fan Kwae’ at Canton before Treaty Days..., page 36:

(historical, archaic) An imperial Chinese customs officer, especially (sometimes capitalized) the chief customs officer for the South China Sea based in Guangzhou during the Qing Dynasty.


proveditor

From Italian proveditore, provveditore, from provedere, Latin providere. See provide. Doublet of purveyor and provedore.

The entertainment, that S. John's Proveditore the Angel gave him.

1649, Jeremy Taylor, The Great Exemplar: Or, The Life of Our Ever-blessed Saviour Jesus Christ:

One employed to procure supplies, as for an army, a steamer, etc.; a purveyor; one who provides for another.


galopin

(Scotland, obsolete) A boy employed in a kitchen.


coal-meter

(obsolete, UK) A licensed or official coal supervisor. A coal-meter would supervise the loading and loading of coal at a port.


Epictetus

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἐπίκτητος (Epíktētos).

A Greek Stoic philosopher (c. 50 – c. 135).


Crown prosecutor

Crown prosecutor (plural Crown prosecutors)

(British, Canada, Australia) The state prosecutor; the legal party responsible for presenting the case against an individual in a criminal trial.


aulete

From the Ancient Greek αὐλητής (aulētḗs), from αὐλέω (auléō, “I play the flute”), from αὐλός (aulós, “flute”).


tour guide

A person who provides assistance and information to people on organised tours.

проводни́к

esp. on a complicated or dangerous route


neuropsychopharmacologist

One who studies or practices neuropsychopharmacology.


sarkar

From Hindi सरकार (sarkār)/Urdu سرکار (sarkār), from Persian سرکار (sarkâr, “superintendent, overseer, chief”), compound of سر (sar, “head”) + کار (kâr, “agent, doer”).

uder

No doubt, a handful of people are immensely benefiting from the policies of the Modi Sarkar.

Administration of a particular prime minister.


bridgetender

someone who maintains and/or operates a bridge


flight engineer

en-noun

flight engineer (plural flight engineers)

(aviation) A member of the flight crew in certain (mainly older) aircraft who monitors and operates many to most aircraft systems.


midshipperson

midshipperson (plural midshippersons or midshippeople)

midshippersons (plural)
midshippeople (plural)


support act

An entertainer or musician, or group thereof, that performs before the main event.


billposter

One who posts handbills or posters in public places.


cognitive behavioral therapist

cognitive behavioral therapist (plural cognitive behavioral therapists)

cognitive behavioral therapists (plural)

cognitive behavioral therapy
cognitive behavioral therapy

(American spelling) A medical professional who employs the techniques of cognitive behavioral therapy.


cognitive behavioural therapist

cognitive behavioural therapist (plural cognitive behavioural therapists)

cognitive behavioural therapists (plural)

cognitive behavioral therapist
cognitive behavioral therapist#English

(British spelling) Alternative form of cognitive behavioral therapist


CPN

community psychiatric nurse
community psychiatric nurse#English

(UK) Initialism of community psychiatric nurse.


community psychiatric nurse

community psychiatric nurse (plural community psychiatric nurses)

A psychiatric nurse who works with clients outside of a hospital environment.


psychiatric nurse

psychiatric nurse (plural psychiatric nurses)

A nurse who works on a psychiatric ward and is trained to work with patients with mental-health needs.


munshi

East Cowes
Osborne House
Queen Victoria
Royal Collection
Rudolf Swoboda

Borrowed from Urdu منشی (munšī, “secretary; munshi”) or directly from its etymon Classical Persian منشی (munšī, “secretary; munshi”), from Arabic مُنْشِئ (munšiʔ, “teacher; writer”).

refn

From the Royal Collection, located in Osborne House, East Cowes, Isle of Wight, England, UK.

der

Several of us, at one time or another, engaged "moonshis" or teachers, and tried to learn Hindustani, in which language, with one exception I think, none of us became very proficient.

1875 April, [John Arthur Bayley], chapter IV, in Reminiscences of School and Army Life, 1839 to 1859, [London?]: [Privately printed; s.n.], →OCLC, pages 54–55:

[A] beautifully-bound Tamil Bible and Prayer Book were brought over from the body of Christians on the other side the line by Edward Muttiyathillay, the munshee who had rendered such efficient help in the translation of both these books.

1875 December 11, “The Prince of Wales and the Native Church of Tinnevelly”, in The Church Missionary Intelligencer and Record, a Monthly Journal of Missionary Information, volume I (New Series), London: Church Missionary House, […]; Seeley, Jackson, and Halliday, […]; Hatchard and Co., […]; and J. Nisbet and Co., […], published February 1876, →OCLC, page 66:

This meant that Paulette had learnt a good deal of Latin from her father, while also absorbing Indian languages from the learned munshis who had been enlisted to assist the curator with his collections.

2008 October 14, Amitav Ghosh, chapter 6, in Sea of Poppies (Ibis Trilogy; 1), London: John Murray, →ISBN; 1st Picador edition, New York, N.Y.: Picador, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009, →ISBN, pages 127–128:

When [Queen] Victoria died Bertie took his revenge by expunging every personal trace of her life at Windsor, dismantling her rooms (which he then occupied), and burning her letters to her Indian servant, the ‘Munshi’, in the latter’s presence.

2012 August, Sarah Bradford, “Merry Monarch: Bertie: A Life of Edward VII: By Jane Ridley: Chatto & Windus 496pp £30 [book review]”, in Literary Review, number 401, London: The Literary Review & Quarto, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-05-22:

(South Asia) A language teacher, especially one teaching Hindustani or Persian.

مُنْشِئ

clerk; secretary — see also clerk, secretary


hieromnemon

en-noun

hieromnemon (plural hieromnemons or hieromnemones)

hieromnemons (plural)
hieromnemones (plural)

From Ancient Greek ἱερομνήμων (hieromnḗmōn), from ἱερός (hierós, “sacred”) + μνήμων (mnḗmōn, “mindful, remembering”, from μνήμη (mnḗmē)).

(historical, Ancient Greece) The sacred secretary or recorder sent by each state belonging to the Amphictyonic Council, along with the deputy or minister.


Blakean

en-adj

Blakean (comparative more Blakean, superlative most Blakean)

more Blakean (comparative)
most Blakean (superlative)

I’m not sure what to call [Jimmy] Miles’s austere and evacuated style. Some kind of Blakean radical simplicity?

2011 July 28, Terry Castle, “Do I like it?”, in London Review of Books, volume 33, number 15, →ISSN:

Of or relating to William Blake (1757–1827), English poet and painter.


Crown attorney

(Canada) An attorney who represents the federal or provincial government in a court of law.


gaberlunzie

Borrowed from Scots gaberlunzie, of unknown origin.


crossing-sweeper

There was one giant — a black 'un — as left his carawan some year ago and took to carrying coach-bills about London, making himself as cheap as crossing-sweepers.

1840 April – 1841 November, Charles Dickens, “Chapter the Nineteenth”, in The Old Curiosity Shop. A Tale. […], volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1841, →OCLC:

But the streets were also a place of work: for the humble crossing-sweeper, for example, who tried to ensure, in return for a tip, that when persons of quality crossed the road they did so without having to pick their way through dust, mud and horse dung.

2012, Simon Heffer, “In Fagin's Footsteps”, in Literary Review, section 403:

(now chiefly historical) Someone whose job is to sweep street crossings.


masterman

1975 Daily Tel. 15 Sept. 17/1: "The main problem is the difficulty in finding a masterman to be apprenticed to; nearly all mastermen are already training apprentices."

(historical) A master craftsman, often employing apprentices or journeymen.


drumslade

From Middle Dutch trommelslach (“drumbeat”), from trommel (“drum”) + slach (“beat”) (modern Dutch slag).


choruser

From chorus (verb) + -er (agent noun suffix) or chorus (noun) + -er (occupational suffix).

suf

Someone who choruses, or sings in a chorus.


cyclic chorus

(historical) The chorus that performed the songs and dances of the dithyrambic odes at Athens, dancing round the altar of Bacchus in a circle.


special agent

A detective of the United States government.

特務 /特务

a detective of the United States government


CMC

en-noun

CMC (countable and uncountable, plural CMCs)

command master chief petty officer
w:command master chief petty officer

(military, US) Initialism of command master chief petty officer.


MCPON

w:Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy

(military, US) Initialism of Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy.


SgtMaj

(military, US) Acronym of sergeant major.


SMA

SMA (countable and uncountable, plural SMAs)

sergeant Major of the Army
w:sergeant Major of the Army

(military, US) Initialism of sergeant Major of the Army.

To simplify a bit, once having decided, the PFC passes the decision on to the rest of the frontal cortex, which passes it to the premotor cortex, then to the SMA and, a few steps later, on to your muscles.

2023, Robert M. Sapolsky, Determined: A Science of Life Without Free Will, New York: Penguin, →ISBN:

supplementary motor area
supplementary motor area#English

(neuroanatomy) Initialism of supplementary motor area.

superior mesenteric artery
superior mesenteric artery#English

(anatomy) Initialism of superior mesenteric artery.

spinal muscular atrophy
spinal muscular atrophy#English

(pathology) Initialism of spinal muscular atrophy.

Initialism of standard metropolitan area.


SgtMajMarCor

Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps
w:Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps

(military, US) Abbreviation of Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps.


SMMC

(military, US) Initialism of Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps.


LtCol

Lieutenant Colonel
Lieutenant Colonel#English

(military, US, abbreviation) Lieutenant Colonel.


master gunnery sergeant

master gunnery sergeant (plural master gunnery sergeants)

non-commissioned officer
non-commissioned officer

(military, US) A non-commissioned officer of rank E-9 in the United States Marine Corps, ranking above a master sergeant/first sergeant and below a warrant officer. It is equal in grade to sergeant major


rodbuster

Present-day construction "stiffs" relish explanation of such nicknames as pile butt, rod buster, rust eater, tin knocker, and wood butcher, as well as tales about what these "hands" do.

1993, Archie Green, Wobblies, Pile Butts, and Other Heroes: Laborlore Explorations, page 4:

(slang, construction) A concrete-reinforcing ironworker.


fruitmonger

So he wanders through the market, between the old-clothes stalls and the fortune-paper stalls, the fruitmongers and the fried-fish seller, with his little dæmon on his shoulder, […]

1995, Philip Pullman, The Golden Compass, Yearling, published 2001, →ISBN, pages 39–40:

Dixon has brought a small apple from a fruitmonger's barrow, […]

1997, Thomas Pynchon, Mason & Dixon, New York: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 699:

Will and the Duchess sat in the sunshine and shared an apple Will had nicked from a fruitmonger's stall.

2012, Karen Cushman, Will Sparrow's Road, Clarion Books, →ISBN, pages 133–134:


fruitseller

In the market‐place stand the fruitsellers, who sell all kinds of fruit: ripe figs, with their bruised purple flesh, melons, smelling of musk and yellow as topazes, citrons and rose‐apples and clusters of white grapes, round red‐gold oranges, and oval lemons of green gold.

1891, Oscar Wilde, A House of Pomegranates, Moffat, Yard and Company, published 1918, page 123:

The scooter swerved into a fruit stall and came to a standstill under a heap of bananas, while the scooterist found himself in the arms of an indignant fruitseller.

2003, Ruskin Bond, Rusty: The Boy from the Hills, Puffin Book, published 2003, →ISBN, page 46:

He kept daring me to steal an apple from the fruitseller's wagon.

2008, Peter Manseau, Songs for the Butcher's Daughter, Free Press, published 2008, →ISBN, page 100:


shiplord

From Middle English schyplord, from Old English sċiphlāford (“shipmaster, skipper”, literally “ship-lord”), equivalent to ship + lord.

inh

“And what would you have us do then, shiplord?” Nish na'am spoke bitterly.

The position of shiplord came with pay.

2002, Harry Turtledove, Colonization: Aftershocks - Page 427:

Since it seemed to lead in the right direction and its banks were virtually uninhabited, the shiplord declared it good fortune and chose to press on.

2003, Dave Duncan, Paragon Lost: A Chronicle of the King's Blades - Page 373:


litster

From Middle English litestere, from liten (“to dye”) (from Old Norse litr) + -stere (see -ster).

But it was the woolen industry that provided the elder Smibert with a livelihood, for as a litster he spent his days dyeing wool, which was then woven into cloth.

1995, Richard H. Saunders, John Smibert: Colonial America's First Portrait Painter, Yale University Press, →ISBN, pages 1–2:

Other women ran businesses that required reliance on a network of suppliers, sometimes of raw materials. Isobel Provand in the Canongate was a litster.

2002, Margaret H. B. Sanderson, A Kindly Place?: Living in Sixteenth-Century Scotland, Tuckwell Press, published 2002, →ISBN, page 122:

The smell of the tanners' and the litsters' work still hung in the night air, although they had long since gone to their weary beds.

2008, Shona Maclean, The Redemption of Alexander Seaton, Penguin Canada, published 2010, →ISBN:


aphasiologist

(speech therapy) One who studies or practices aphasiology.

afazjolog

one who studies or practices aphasiology


archetier

Yielding inexpensive means whereby his preternatural gifts could be awakened, puncheon strips were later put aside for that most desirable of all bow woods—pernambuco. It was about 1775 that fate ordained young Tourte to see what other archetiers had done, and then proceed to do it better.

1965, Music Journal - Volume 23, page 45:

Nowadays, the craft of the 'archetier', or bow maker, is entirely separated from that of the 'luthier', or instrument maker.

1999, Robin Stowell, The Cambridge Companion to the Cello, →ISBN, page 28:

The following are photographs of a few of the many ancient bows made by the contemporary master archetier Eitan Hoffer who operates a shop in Israel.

2015, Michael J. Pagliaro, The String Instrument Owner's Handbook, →ISBN, page 23:

(lutherie) One who builds, repairs, and restores the bows of instruments in the violin family.


knocker-up

... And Capper was a very important man. He was the knocker-up in the village of Polkingthorpe Brig — that is to say, he got up early every morning and went round with his pole, tapping on the bedroom windows and waking up the people in time for them to get to work... Old Capper got his long pole with the trident of wire at the end and lifting it so that the wire rested against the upstairs window pane, began twirling and twisting the pole in the palms of his hands so that the wire clacked and clattered fit to wake the soundest sleeper... So they stood round old Capper, who had one of the few watches in the village...

1942, Eric Knight, The Flying Yorkshireman, Benediction Classics, →ISBN:

He [Driver Carruthers] started on the L.N.W.R. in 1907 as a knocker-up for four years, then became a cleaner, fireman, and finally a driver.

1945 May and June, “Top Link Drivers”, in Railway Magazine, page 159:

One of these characters, Mary Anne Smith, became a beloved presence — along with her trusty pea shooter — around London’s East End in the 1930s. John Topham, who snapped photos of Smith in action, remembers “every morning but Sunday she would rise at three to ‘knock up’ local workers—using a pea shooter. She charged sixpence a week and her nearest competition was an old man three miles away who did the same job using a fishing rod to tap on upstairs windows.” Smith was known for the rapping, clacking sound of her peas against windows and doors. In the children’s book Mary Smith, she’s depicted as waking up everyone from fishmongers to the mayor.

2019, Paula Mejia, Remembering the "Knocker-Ups" Hired to Wake Workers With Pea Shooters. Rise and shine! https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/what-did-people-use-before-alarm-clocks:

(British, historical) A person whose job was to go from house to house in the early morning and wake up workers by tapping on the bedroom window with a long pole or similarly convenient implement.


sendling

[…] when the hour fixed for his liberation struck, he was conducted from the prison-house like a conqueror in triumph and the proudest nations of the earth rivalled each other in receiving the pennyless fugitive gloriously, like a sendling of God.

1852, Charles A Dana, Meyer's Universum:

Such a man is a Predicant, or minister; but a man of inferior fitness aud qualities is allowed to preach to blacks or low whites, and he is called a "sendling," or missionary.

1881, EVANGELICAL CHRISTENDOM, page 153:

One who is sent; an emissary; missionary; messenger.


Leibniz

A surname from German — famously held by:

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716), German mathematician, philosopher, and polymath


home carer

Coordinate term: caregiver (often denotes a non-HCP carer)

health care professional
health care professional

A health care professional who provides care in a person's own home.


tyler

The Worshipful Company of Tylers and Bricklayers is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London.

Archaic form of tiler (“Masonic doorkeeper”).


A1C Carole Goodman was bored.

airman 1st class
airman 1st class#English

(military) Abbreviation of airman 1st class.


Richard Schram, Air Force A1/C, Korea

2011, Bob Frankenstein, Counterfeit Peace: The Cold War The Wisconsin Connection Book Two:


The Air Intelligence Officer (A-2) would then present new items...

1998, Ian Gooderson, Air Power at the Battlefront:

(military) Intelligence officer on an air force staff.


I was still a two-striper (A2/c) I couldn't afford phone calls.

2010, Franklin D. Duke, 21 Years in Blue: Story of Frank's Air Force Career 1951-1972:


Authorized grade of A2C (E-3).

2012, The Code Of Federal Regulations Of The United States Of America:


and those of us who finished were promoted to the grade of airman third class - A3/C.

2006, Wolfgang W.E. Samuel, Coming to Colorado:


Another case involved an A3C "N."

1967, The United States Air Force JAG Law Review:


husbandwoman

Along with her daily chores the husbandwoman salted, pickled, preserved, and manufactured enough beer and cider to see the family safely through the winter.

1999, Marilyn C. Wesley, Secret Journeys, page 8:


street musician

en-noun

street musician (plural street musicians)

A musician who performs in a public place, often for money.


tailer

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tailer.wav

(fishing) A large noose with a long handle intended to secure a fish's tail.


printseller

Synonym of printshop, a place that sells prints.


case officer

A person assigned to manage a client's affairs.


Gainsborough

A town and civil parish with a town council in West Lindsey district, Lincolnshire, England (OS grid ref SK8190).


vraicqueur

From Norman vraicqueur, from vraic + -eur.


dendroclimatologist

From dendro- + climatologist or dendroclimatology + -ist.


art dealer

Russian: арт-ди́лер (art-díler)

(This entry is a translation hub.) A person who buys and sells works of art


Syriacist

A specialist in Syriac language or Syriac studies.


Red Army man

(historical) The lowest military rank of the Red Army.

կարմիրբանակային

the lowest military rank of the Red Army


investment banker

investment banker (plural investment bankers)

(finance) A banker who works for an investment bank.


film director

A person who directs and supervises the production of a movie, especially as profession.

regisseur

a person who directs and supervises the production of a movie, especially as profession


consul-general

consul-general (plural consuls-general or consul-generals)

consuls-general (plural)
consul-generals (plural)

A consular officer who heads a consulate general, and is a consul of the highest rank serving at a particular location.


housegirl

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-housegirl.wav

A girl or young woman employed in a private home to do housework.


khalasi

From Hindi ख़लासी (xalāsī), from Classical Persian خلاصی (xalāsī).

An Indian worker at a port or dockyard, traditionally employed in pulling vessels out of the water for maintenance and repair and returning them to the water afterwards.


Caravaggio

/ˌkæɹəˈvædʒiəʊ/

/ˌkæɹəˈvɑd͡ʒ(i)oʊ/

/ˌkɑɹəˈvɑd͡ʒ(i)oʊ/

From Italian Caravaggio, his family's place of origin.

Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571–1610), an Italian painter known for the dramatism of his style and subjects.


Masaccio

/məˈsɑːt͡ʃioʊ/

Borrowed from Italian Masaccio, from Maso (diminutive of Tommaso) + -accio (pejorative suffix).

af

diminutive of <i class="Latn mention" lang="it">Tommaso</i>

Around 1425, the Florentine artist Masaccio painted the first major works in one-point perspective. That revolutionized what artists could do ever after.

2022 March 3, Blake Gopnik, “One Year After Beeple, the NFT Has Changed Artists. Has It Changed Art?”, in The New York Times:

An Italian painter (born Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Simone; 1401–1428) of the Quattrocento period.


copperworker

A person employed to manufacture and shape copper.


cybersurgeon

(science fiction) A robot that performs the duties of a surgeon.


runemaster

Without delay he got it taken out and removed to the Palace-yard, and afterwards commissioned the Rune-master Olaf Worm to visit and decipher it.

1867, George Stephens, The Old-Northern Runic Monuments of Scandinavia and England, volume I, London: John Russell Smith, page 335:

This great period of older English, set down by the rune-masters and then by medieval scribes using the roman alphabet, came to an end with the invetion of printing in the late fifteenth century.

1985, Robert Burchfield, The English Language, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 19:

This excerpt from the histories of a contemporary of the Teutonic runemasters is, as far as can be determined, factual[.]

1989, Lisa Peschel, A Practical Guide to the Runes: Their Uses in Divination and Magic, St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn Publications, page 99:

A runesmith; one skilled at carving and deciphering runes.

The Rune Masters of the Teutons and Vikings wore startling garb that made them easily recognizable. Feared, honored, welcomed, these shamans were familiar figures in tribal circles.

1982, Ralph Blum, The Book of Runes, New York: St. Martin's Press, page 26:

This stone, not attached to any grave and probably originally part of a ritual stone arrangement, is then charged by the force of the runemaster in this threatening aspect of "the malicious one" and "the raven."

1989, Edred Thorsson, Runelore: A Handbook of Esoteric Runology, York Beach, Me.: S. Weiser, page 76:

One who has mastered the use of runes for magical, divinatory, or other esoteric uses.


labbie

“I met Jenny about six years ago in our local dog park. Kaine and my labbie Rambo, were quick friends and would spend hours playing together. While Jenny and I struggled to communicate at first, I soon learnt that she could lip-read, and then we just clicked and she crept into my heart,” Holmes said.

2022 February 27, “Drive to make life easier for blind, deaf woman”, in Independent Online:


squadron leader

en-noun

squadron leader (plural squadron leaders)

A rank in the RAF, between that of flight lieutenant and wing commander, equivalent to an army major


wing commander

A person holding a rank in the RAF between that of squadron leader and group captain, equivalent to an army lieutenant colonel


air commodore

A person holding a rank, in the Royal Air Force and many Commonwealth air forces, between that of group captain and air vice-marshal, equivalent to an army brigadier general, or equivalent rank in other air forces.


air vice-marshal

air vice-marshal (plural air vice-marshals)

A rank in the Royal Air Force, between that of air commodore and air marshal, equivalent to an army major general.


fanbearer

One who carries a fan (especially those carrying fans for the pharaohs of Ancient Egypt)


shoeshine girl

A girl who polishes shoes as an occupation.


milonguero

Someone who performs milonga music, especially as a singer.


picker-up

A person hired by a gambling establishment to locate potential customers and bring them in.


boot catcher

Where's the Boot-catcher gone? I cannot get any thing to eat here, nor my boots, to go any where elſe.

1767, David Garrick, A Peep Behind the Curtain:

(historical) A person employed at an inn to take off people's boots and clean them.


citizen journalist

citizen journalist (plural citizen journalists)

(media) An amateur journalist who engages in citizen journalism.


ice queen

This time, she was beaten by 16-year-old Tanja Szewczenko, who is threatening to usurp the two-time Olympic champion, Katarina Witt, as Germany's ice queen.

1993 November 24, Jere Longman, “Olympics: 80 Days to Lillehammer”, in New York Times, retrieved 2014-01-02:

Olympic figure skating champion Kim Yuna will make her return to competition at the Golden Spin event in Zagreb next month.

2013 November 4, Narae Kim, “Ice Queen Yuna returns with a Golden Spin”, in Reuters Canada, retrieved 2014-01-02:

(informal, sports) A female ice-skating champion.


Hegel

A surname from German, notably borne by the German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.


cyberjournalist

A journalist whose work is published on the Internet or in cyberspace.


massage therapist

massage therapist (plural massage therapists)


dental hygienist

dental hygienist (plural dental hygienists)

A licensed dental professional who specializes in preventive oral health, typically focusing on techniques in oral hygiene.


special education advocate

special education advocate (plural special education advocates)

(US) A professional, other than an attorney, who provides advice and representation regarding children with educational disabilities.


popular beat combo

popular beat combo (plural popular beat combos)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-popular beat combo.wav

From popular + beat + combo (“small musical group”).

compound

I thought it was a bit odd that the world's most popular beat combo should choose a golf tournament at Waldviertel for their reunion concert.

1999 June 12, Lawrence Donegan, Maybe It Should Have Been a Three Iron: My Year as Caddie for the World's 438th Best Golfer, Macmillan, →ISBN, page 199:

An early indication of crabbitness can be identified in teenage years by an inability to move either hips or shoulders no matter what popular beat combo are playing.

2006 October 5, John K. V. Eunson, Crabbit Old Buggers!, Black & White Publishing, →ISBN:

When I was younger, I was quite an adherent of the popular beat combo known as The Moody Blues.

2020 April 10, Brian Taylor, “Coronavirus: 'A question of balance' over lockdown exit”, in BBC News:

(British, music, humorous or ironic) A pop group.


violin maker

(lutherie) A person who makes violins, and usually other bowed stringed instruments such as violas, cellos and double basses.


sideslipper

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sideslipper.wav

(snowboarding, freestyle skiing) a staff member on a halfpipe who reshapes the slope to keep the halfpipe usable, through sideslipping, shaving on the sides aboard their snowboards


substitute teacher

en-noun

substitute teacher (plural substitute teachers)

(Canada, US, India, Ireland) A supply teacher.


relief teacher

(Australia, New Zealand) A supply teacher.


pipe band

A musical band featuring bagpipes with musicians (pipers) dressed as kilted Scotsmen.


interactionist

One who studies or subscribes to interactionism.


window washer

(US) A window cleaner; a person who cleans windows for a living.


freezing worker

freezing worker (plural freezing workers)

(New Zealand) A person who works at a freezing works.


construction worker

construction worker (plural construction workers)

An employee working on a physical construction site.


building worker

building worker (plural building workers)


aquaponist

(agriculture) One who practises aquaponics.


nightwalker

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-nightwalker.wav

* night + walker
* (vampire): since they are traditionally said to avoid sunlight and go out at night.

(archaic, euphemistic) A prostitute who looks for clients on the streets.


footplateman

The circular attacks the policy of ASLEF, the principal footplatemen's union, for its opposition to pay differentials between main-line drivers and other footplate men, claiming that it destroys ambition and enterprise.

1964 May, “News and Comment: Breakaway footplate union”, in Modern Railways, page 293:

Footplatemen, organised not by the NUR but by ASLEF, had threatened to strike in August 1917 in demand of an eight-hour day.

2020 January 2, Conrad Landin, “Strife and strikes in post-war Britain”, in Rail, page 51:

(UK, rail transport) A railway worker who is either a locomotive engineer or a fireman.


authorling

It is true that authorlings and poetizers are apt to affect eccentricity. Real authors, and even real poets, (by real we mean good ones,) have generally a large portion of common sense to balance their genius […]

1839, Eliza Leslie, The Behaviour Book: a manual for ladies, page 263:


stationmistress

At Corris the present G.W.R. operations are in charge of a stationmistress, recalling earlier days at Tan-y-Bwlch on the Festiniog line.

1943 March and April, “Notes and News: On the Corris and Festiniog Railways”, in Railway Magazine, page 114:

(rail transport) The woman in charge of a railway station; a female stationmaster.


foo-foo band

We sighted the Jennie Harkness, obviously American, at daylight right ahead in the S.E. trades; at noon we were alongside her, and our Foo-Foo band played "Yankee-Doodle" as we passed her.

1921, Basil Lubbock, The Colonial Clippers, pages 158–159:

(nautical) An impromptu musical band on late 19th-century sailing vessels, made up of members of the ship's crew.


coalminer

By surface analysis, coal + miner, or, by surface analysis, coal mine + -er.

Near-synonyms: coalworker, collier

One who mines for coal; especially, a worker who does not own the mine.


knifer

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-knifer.wav


waxie

From wax + -ie, from the use of wax to waterproof cobblers' thread.

Says my aul' one to your aul' one "Will ye come to the Waxies' dargle?"

Early 1900s, Traditional, Waxies' Dargle (song)


cover band

(music) A band that plays mostly or exclusively cover songs.


badminton player

badminton player (plural badminton players)

A person who plays badminton, especially professionally.


stockgirl

A typically young woman who works in a stockroom performing duties such as unpacking boxes, placing items on store shelves, etc.


blue meanie

Introduced or popularised by the Beatles film Yellow Submarine (1968).
(police officer): An allusion to the colour of their uniforms.


towmaster

Each tug captain has a detailed set of tow-out instructions, positions and timing procedures. However, the whole float-out is controlled by a towmaster, who directs and controls all towing operations.

1978, Mark Williams, No cure, no pay: the story of salvage at sea, page 169:

One who is employed to manage the towing of a vessel.


keyworker

(UK) A social worker who helps to coordinate a patient's care and their social welfare, finances, career, etc.


praporshchik

A senior non-commissioned officer, originally in the Russian military, and still in certain other uniformed services of the Russian government.

प्रापोर्शचिक

a senior non-commissioned officer, originally in the Russian military


spox

Modification of the first syllable of spokesman or spokesperson.

Offerdahl, Samantha PRESS SECY & SPOX SO-221

2018 September 14, Senate Telephone Directory: 2018, U.S. Government Printing Office, →ISBN, page 110:

2022 November 11, Lara Seligman, Alexander Ward, Matt Berg, Lawrence Ukenye, “DoD’s new spox gives us his first interview”, in National Security Daily, Politico, retrieved 2023-05-23:

(journalism slang or informal) Abbreviation of spokesperson. (primarily used in headlines)


assistant professor

assistant professor (plural assistant professors)

(education) An entry-level position in a university faculty, lower than an associate professor and a full professor.

tanársegéd

the lowest degree, approx. assistant lecturer


corpsperson

corpsperson (plural corpspersons or corpspeople)

corpspersons (plural)
corpspeople (plural)


ambulanceperson

ambulanceperson (plural ambulancepersons or ambulancepeople)

ambulancepersons (plural)
ambulancepeople (plural)

It may come as a surprise to many readers of this article, but ambulance staff are still expected to be carrying sick and injured people down flights of stairs even when that ambulanceperson is just one day short of his 65th birthday!

2002, The Parliamentary Monitor, numbers 95-100, Parliamentary Communications, Limited, page 102:

(rare) An ambulanceman or ambulancewoman.


xylorimbist

As a xylorimbist you put new pep into any party — "make" the school orchestra — maybe even pay your way through college.

She did not belong either to that gentler but more rhapsodic band who seek to extract strange worshipful music from the male, the xylorimbists or tympanists or flute players.

1999, Howard Jacobson, Peeping Tom, page 207:


smearer

[…] a picture painted by some German smearer of the early sixteenth century; very ugly, stupid, and unattractive; ill drawn, ill composed, of a uniform hard, vulgar brown.

1880, Vernon Lee, “Faustus and Helena”, in Belcaro: Being Essays on Sundry Aesthetical Questions, London: W. Satchell, page 91:

He made his living as a housepainter when he first came to this country and says even now, “I was a good one—not a smearer.”

1992, April Kingsley, “Summer”, in The Turning Point, New York: Simon & Schuster, page 204:

Someone who smears.
(derogatory) An unskillful painter.

Someone who smears.
An unskillful painter.


noisenik

Bjork's musical dalliance with German punk noisenik Alec Empire has long been a point of contention for fans, many of whom resent the way he generally suffocates his source material with a giant cloud of distortion.

2003, Mark Pytlik, Bjork: Wow and Flutter:

(informal) A musician who produces harsh, discordant music.


sarpanch

/ˈsʌɹpʌnt͡ʃ/

Borrowed from Hindi सरपंच (sarpañc), from Hindi सर (sar, “head”) / Urdu سر (sar, “head; chief”) (from Persian سر (sar, “head; chief, leader”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head; top”)) + Hindi पंच (pañc, “five (number of people in a panchayat council)”) / Urdu پنچ (pañc); from Sanskrit पञ्चन् (pañcan, “five”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe (“five”).

der

Recourse to arbitration is not an uncommon mode of setting a dispute. Generally the number of arbitrators appointed is three, but sometimes five is the number, and occasionally some one individual is made single arbitrator (hasar karna). If more than one arbitrator be appointed, an umpire (or sarpanch) is also usually fixed upon, who gives the ultimate decision if the other two cannot agree.

[1874, “Banda District”, in Edwin T. Atkinson, editor, Statistical, Descriptive and Historical Account of the North-western Provinces of India, volume I (BundelKhand), Allahabad: Printed at the North-western Provinces' Government Press, →OCLC, page 102:

The sarpanches were remunerated by the remission of part of the quota of labour which they were bound to supply.

1884, Government of Punjab, comp., Gazetteer of the Muzaffargarh District, 1883–84, Lahore: Arya Press, →OCLC, page 129:

Every gram panchayat has a sarpanch and an up-sarpanch elected from its members by the gram panchayat in the prescribed manner.

1973, Community Development and Panchayati Raj Digest, Hyderabad: National Institute of Community Development, →OCLC, page 191:

Except for the fact that some sort of political connection seems to be required in order to win a sarpanch election, there does not appear to exist many requirements, for instance in terms of wealth or education. Sarpanches are, in other words, common men and women. Second, the process through which sarpanches come into office is relatively similar across villages, including in "reserved villages." Being elected as sarpanch in contemporary rural India is the outcome of an arduous, intense, and surprisingly competitive process in which various candidates seek the support of complex political coalitions.

2017, Simon Chauchard, “Local Representation in Rural India: A View from the Ground”, in Why Representation Matters: The Meaning of Ethnic Quotas in Rural India, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 65–66:

The elected head of a panchayat (village government) in Bangladesh, India, or Pakistan.


divisionist

An artist who works in the style of divisionism.


para-athlete

a track and field athlete with a disability


faned

Sample fanzine advertisement attached; same obtainable free from B.T. for any fan-ed wishing to run them.

1946 April, Wilson "Bob" Tucker, Bloomington News-letter, page 1:

This British peculiarity, this psychopathic abhorrence for open spaces in fanzines, has been remarked on by many people but until this moment nobody has explained the real reason for it. It is not meanness, nor the high cost of paper, nor any obvious cause like that. It is simply that every British faned walks in the shadow of fear, knowing himself to be a hunted man, a law-breaker, an enemy of society. He is the victim of a guilt complex that compels him to shun the free wide spaces beloved of US faneds and to crowd his materiel into a confined space as if huddling together for protection.

1961 August, Walter Alexander Willis, “Black Mail”, in Willis Papers:

A lot of crap passes through here that no decent faned would pub, while some of the traffic is meant to be playful or argumentive in a high volume, rapid turnover way, what you might call ephemeral, entertainment today, written over tomorrow.

1995 September 11, Lindsay Crawford, “Re: All Knowledge Is Cont”, in rec.arts.sf.fandom (Usenet), message-ID <9509101936014156@emerald.com>:

(dated, fandom slang) The editor of a fandom publication, most commonly a fanzine.


nurseryperson

en-noun

nurseryperson (plural nurserypersons or nurserypeople)

nurserypersons (plural)
nurserypeople (plural)


Amazonianist

One who studies Amazonian regions and cultures.

amazonista

one who studies Amazonian regions and cultures


Vaticanologist

From Vaticanology + -ist, coined in analogy to Kremlinologist.

Anyone who writes on the contemporary Catholic Church is in the debt of Peter Hebblethwaite, Vaticanologist extraordinary and expert on modern Catholicism.

1986, Paul Collins, Mixed blessings: John Paul II and the Church of the eighties:

One who practices or studies Vaticanology.


babber

From bab (“to fish for eels using a bab (bundle of live worms)”) + -er (agent noun suffix); the further etymology of bab is uncertain.

suffix

Another way of taking eels, and by far the more ingenious, is that known as "babbing," or "bobbing." A series of large worms are strung on cobbler's worsted and coiled into a knot. […] I have known a couple of "babbers" to take as many as four or five stone of eels in a single night.

1868 September, “The Norfolk Broads”, in Anthony Trollope, editor, Saint Pauls. A Monthly Magazine, volume II, London: Virtue and Co., […], →OCLC, page 724:

It was pretty, too, to watch the lights in the town going out one by one, until, to borrow from Gray again, the world was left to darkness and to me, and the other eel-babbers.

1876 February, Saxon [pseudonym], “A Night’s Babbing”, in The Guernsey Magazine: A Monthly Illustrated Journal of Information, Instruction, & Entertainment, volume IV, number 2, Guernsey: F. Clarke, […], →OCLC, column 1:

The babbers follow the eels, and you may see fifteen boats as close together as possible, babbing away, and catching as much as four stone-weight of eels per boat of a night.

1884, G[eorge] Christopher Davies, “About Eels”, in Norfolk Broads and Rivers: Or The Water-ways, Lagoons, and Decoys of East Anglia, new edition, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, pages 243–244:

Get a few eels babbing; a babber close by caught 1¼ lb. tench on his bab.

1891 June 26 (date written), P[eter] H[enry] Emerson, “Log of the ‘Maid of the Mist.’ September 15, 1890, to August 31, 1891.”, in On English Lagoons: Being an Account of the Voyage of Two Amateur Wherrymen on the Norfolk and Suffolk Rivers and Broads […], London: David Nutt, […], published 1893, →OCLC, page 295:

(East Anglia, fishing) A fisherman using babs (“baits consisting of bundles of live worms”) to catch eels.


nautch girl

Great was the praise bestowed on the wise parrot, but the incensed nautch-girl said: “Be assured I will get you in my power; and when I do, I will bite off your head.”

1869 February, “Hindoo Fairy Legends”, in The Eclectic Magazine of Foreign Literature, Science, and Art, page 144:

‘I came about the nautch girl in your harem. Are you man enough to keep her under control?’

...one expected Wrangleresses on the legendary order of Phillippa Fawcett... but certainly not this nautch-girl extravagence of looks and self-possession that Yashmeen presented.

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, page 549:

‘Best kind of native—kept himself busy with his shrub and his nautch-girls and his tumashers.’

2008, Amitav Ghosh, Sea of Poppies, page 47:


molinologist

One who studies molinology (the study of mills).


commanding officer

en-noun

commanding officer (plural commanding officers)

The officer in command of, and typically having ultimate authority over, a military unit.


tankman

From tank + -man (suffix denoting someone (possibly implied male) who is employed or holds a position in an area).

affix

(military) The (male) operator of a military tank.


hurdy-gurdyist

viellist

in the context of French people or French music


lirnyk

Borrowed from Ukrainian лірник (lirnyk).

(historical) An itinerant Ukrainian musician who performed religious, historical and epic songs to the accompaniment of a lira, the Ukrainian version of the hurdy-gurdy.


microsurgeon

(surgery) A surgeon who specializes in microsurgery.


sumotori

His past was evident in his small office, crowded with his wrestling trophies and certificates, but most intriguing to Hiroshi were the photos of sumotori that lined the wall—their bulky, imposing bodies filling the space around them.

2007, Gail Tsukiyama, The Street of a Thousand Blossoms: A Novel, page 47:


light cavalry

(military) A military unit consisting of lightly armed and lightly armored troops mounted on horses.


manamba

(Kenya) A tout who attempts to attract customers to a matatu.


kitchenhand

A person who is employed to assist a cook in a kitchen.


metalsmithing

THE THREE DOMINANT FORMS IN METALSMITHING […] At present, there are but three basic volumetric forms dominating the work of metalsmiths, the spherical (usually in its most practical form, the domical), the cylindrical, and the cubical. […] The possibilities for further variations on them are all but exhausted, there being little chance to express new and unusual ideas within the framework of such limited choices. As a result, much of twentieth-century metalsmithing has relied on surface enrichment rather than formal development for its originality.

1978, Heikki Seppä, Form Emphasis for Metalsmiths, [Kent, Oh.]: Kent State University Press, →ISBN, page 1:

A properly made, fully sintered and fully annealed metal clay piece should be able to stand up to any traditional metalsmithing technique.

2010, Kate McKinnon, Sculptural Metal Clay Jewelry: Techniques and Explorations, Loveland, Colo.: Interweave Press, →ISBN, page 27:

The most underrated component in building a custom gun is the metalsmithing. Stock work immediately attracts attention. Fancy checkering patterns, meticulously executed, are sure to elicit oohs and ahhs.

2013, Tom Turpin, Modern Custom Guns: Walnut, Steel, and Uncommon Artistry, 2nd edition, Iola, Wis.: Gun Digest Books, →ISBN, page 47:

There are lots of quick and easy shortcuts that don't require expensive equipment or an extensive jewelry studio. You can get the look of metalsmithing without the effort. Metalsmithing doesn't need to be intimidating; let us show you just how easy it can be!

2014, Denise Peck with Jane Dickerson, Wire + Metal: 30 Easy Metalsmithing Designs, Loveland, Colo.: Interweave, →ISBN, page 4:

The craft of fashioning objects out of metals; the craft or work of a metalsmith.


Plotinus

From Latin Plōtīnus, from a Late Latin variant of Plautus + -īnus (diminutive suffix).

Roman philosopher 205–270; father of Neoplatonism


bullyman

(Australian Aboriginal, slang, derogatory) A police officer.


dayworker

An employee paid on an irregular basis; a casual worker.


ashugh

Ultimately from Arabic عَاشِق (ʕāšiq). The forms ashugh, ashough are borrowed from Armenian աշուղ (ašuġ).

A mystic bard, balladeer, or troubadour in the South Caucasus, Iran or Turkey who accompanied their songs with a long-necked lute (saz).


political economist

en-noun

political economist (plural political economists)

For quotations using this term, see Citations:political economist.

political economy
political economy#English


laboratorian

The question now arises regarding the legal status of nonmedical laboratorians in relation to the laws governing the practice of medicine in the different states […]

1922, JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association:

A researcher or technologist who works in a laboratory: either a research laboratory or a clinical laboratory.


prosecuting attorney

prosecuting attorney (plural prosecuting attorneys)

Coordinate term: plaintiff's attorney

A public officer charged with carrying on the prosecution or representing the state in criminal proceedings and, in some jurisdictions, instituting or representing the state in civil or administrative proceedings.


Hogarth

Of Dutch origin, hoog (“high”) + aard (“nature or character”).


public historian

public historian (plural public historians)

A professional who works in the field of public history.


street performer

street performer (plural street performers)

An artist (musician, actor, painter, etc), who performs in a public place, usually for donated money.


test pilot

Written by Josh Singer, who shaped a triumph of investigative journalism into the award-winning Spotlight, First Man recounts a significant decade of [Neil] Armstrong's life, from pushing boundaries as a test pilot to taking that one small step for mankind.

2018 October 9, A. A. Dowd, “The Star and Director of La La Land Reunite for First Man’s Spectacular Trip to the Moon”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2020-06-16:

(aviation) An aviator who flies new and modified aircraft in specific maneuvers.


cancerologist

Someone who studies or specializes in cancerology.


e-librarian

There's nothing wrong with specializing, for example, as an e-librarian or in a specific subject area such as science and technology, but make sure that you also develop more generic and transferable skills […]

2007, Priscilla K. Shontz, Richard Allen Murray, A Day in the Life, page 253:


panel beater

McGee was one of three siblings, born in 1959 and raised in Glasgow's Mount Florida area. His father, John, was a panel-beater.

2003, John Harris, The Last Party, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 105:

(UK, Australia, New Zealand) One who repairs vehicle bodywork; an auto body mechanic (US).


javelinist

To the right another trainer leans on his stick watching two more athletes, first a discus thrower, holding the discus in both hands in front of him, second a javelinist tightening the thong of his weapon in his outstretched right hand; he stands frontal.

1973, Royal Irish Academy, Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, page 386:

Popular athletes took the form of the long striding Akalonu to the record breaking javelinist; Sesan.

2014, Oji Azuka, chapter 5, in A Binary Book, page 172:


javelin thrower

javelin thrower (plural javelin throwers)

(athletics) An athlete who competes in the javelin throw.


meterman

One who gave more than a second glance was a meterman for the Southern California Gas Company, named Martin Edward Mortensen, who met Gladys during the summer of 1924.

2001, Donald Spoto, chapter 1, in Marilyn Monroe: The Biography, page 11:

A man whose occupation is to read and adjust meters.


twangster

The brooding, black-clad singer bridged a stark divide that emerged in the recording industry in the 1950s, as post-Elvis pop singers diverged into two camps and audiences aligned themselves with either the sideburned rebels of rock 'n' roll or the cowboy-hatted twangsters of country music.

2012, Christoper Zara, chapter 1, in Tortured Artists: From Picasso and Monroe to Warhol and Winehouse, the Twisted Secrets of the World's Most Creative Minds, part 1, page 28:

(music, informal) A musician who plays a twangy instrument.


grid girl

From the fact that the hostesses appear on the grid at the start of motor races.

(motor racing) A hostess at a motor racing event.


brolly dolly

From the umbrellas (“brolly”) they carry; chosen for the rhyme.


bheestie

From Hindustani भिश्ती (bhiśtī) / بہشتی (bhiśtī, “heavenly”), from Persian بهشت (behešt, “heaven”).

(historical, India, Nepal, Pakistan) A water carrier, as to a household or a regiment.


cigarette girl

(chiefly historical) A woman employed to sell cigarettes, sometimes cigars, and other related items.


leprologist

From leprology + -ist, equivalent to leprosy + -ologist.

A student of leprology, a doctor or researcher specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of leprosy.


neurophysiopathologist

A pathologist who specialises in neurophysiopathology


Mongolist

One who studies Mongolia, the Mongolic languages or Mongolian culture.

монголи́ст

one who studies Mongolia, the Mongolic languages or Mongolian culture


black ivory

(historical, euphemistic) Black slaves, regarded as cargo in the slave trade.


pit boss

It is, among other things, sufficiently stated in the declaration that appellant is owner and operator of a coal mine, and has in its employ a pit boss, to whom it has given authority to direct and control the labors of those employed in its mine.

1890, "Consolidated Coal Co. v. Wombacher" (Supreme Court of Illinois) in The Northeastern Reporter, vol. 24, p. 628 (Google preview)

How long could a man expect to stand on the steps of a company building, with a super and a pit-boss at his back, and organise a union of mine-workers?

1917, Upton Sinclair, King Coal, book 4, ch. 6:

(mining, dated) A direct overseer of laborers in a mining operation.

Las Vegas: The pit boss sees all on the casino floor as a trained trouble spotter amid this high-roller’s paradise.

2007 July 22, Selena Roberts, “Stewards of Sport Need a Lesson From the Pit Bosses”, in New York Times, retrieved 2015-06-10:

One woman at a baccarat table […] shouted and mumbled something about wanting her money back, or at least the opportunity to win it back. A pit boss standing behind the dealer joked: “I don’t have any money! I’m unemployed!” and a few moments later, a security guard escorted the woman off the floor.

2014 January 16, Victoria Bekiempis, “Atlantic City's Last 'Low-Roller' Casino Busts”, in Newsweek, retrieved 2015-06-10:

(gambling) A supervisor who oversees the dealers and activity at the gaming tables in a casino, and who typically has the authority to expel unruly gamblers from the premises.

In that same race, the first use of two-way radio-to-pits communication was logged. Al Stevens, who operated a radio dispatch service in Maryland, kept in contact with his pit boss, Cotton Bennett, throughout the race.

2009, Gerry Souter, The Earnhardts: A Biography, →ISBN, page 29:

(motor racing) The supervisor of the maintenance pit crew of a driver.


speech therapist

speech therapist (plural speech therapists)

A clinician specializing in speech therapy, or logopedics.


workie

From work (noun) + -ie (suffix forming colloquial nouns denoting persons associated with the words to which they are affixed). Sense 1 (“intern”) alludes to work experience.

affix

(US politics, historical) Chiefly in the form Workie: a member or supporter of a Working Men's (or Workingmen's) Party, one of a number of political parties established in the United States in the early 19th century to further working class interests.


subaccountant

(accounting) A worker who deals with accounts but ranks below an accountant.


counterhand

A shop assistant (who works behind a counter).


gigger

Rick accepted and joined the Eccentrics, but left in 1965 to form his own group of giggers, the DeViles.

1990, Wayne Jancik, The Billboard Book of One-Hit Wonders, →ISBN, page 236:


charcoal burner

en-noun

charcoal burner (plural charcoal burners)

1881, H.L. Brækstad (translator), Round the Yule Log: Norwegian Folk and Fairy Tales, page 308, "The Charcoal-Burner", translation of "Kullbrenneren", Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, in Norske Folke-Eventyr. Ny Samling 1871.
There was once upon a time a charcoal-burner who had a son; and he was also a charcoal-burner.

Coordinate term: limeburner

A person whose job it is to make charcoal, traditionally by carbonizing wood in a charcoal clamp or a kiln.


cradler

For use in a nursery for cradling a baby to sleep, a baby cradler comprising, in combination, a stand embodying a mobile base, uprights attached to and rising perpendicularly from the base and having axially aligned bearings, […]

1962, Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office, page 1261:

[…] this practice offers infants the soothing sounds of the cradler's heartbeat […]

2012, Albert C. Cafagna, Richard T. Peterson, Craig A. Staudenbaur, Philosophy, Children, and the Family, page 90:


neontologist

(biology) A person who studies neontology.


jam band

(music) A type of band that plays any of several styles of country-influenced folk-rock and is associated with a particular subculture known for following said bands to shows, trading recordings of them and keeping their fandom alive.


routiner

Around the turn of the century, however, "routiner" or "head" music and "ear" musicians began to appear at parades. This was music more exclusively rooted in black traditions, played by men who often could not read music but who instead improvised.

1999, Reid MITCHELL, ALL ON A MARDI GRAS DAY, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 153:

Tom Albert, present during this interview, stated that Vincent was at first a routiner (i.e., playing by rote or ear) [...]

2005, Lawrence Gushee, Pioneers of Jazz: The Story of the Creole Band, Oxford University Press, USA, →ISBN:

It seemed to the uptown routiners that aurality had its own set of advantages, and in the absence of strong evidence to the contrary it is hard to argue against them.

2006, Thomas Brothers, Louis Armstrong's New Orleans, W. W. Norton & Company, →ISBN, page 236:

The rougher bands, like Kid Ory's or Frankie Dusen's Eagle Band, thrived; they were the “routiners,” the improvisers who worked from their ear rather than reading music.

2014, Dennis McNally, On Highway 61: Music, Race, and the Evolution of Cultural Freedom, Counterpoint, →ISBN, page 141:

(jazz) A jazz musician who plays by ear (i.e. not using sheet music, but rather following along with the band and memorizing music when needed).


private docent

Calque of German Privatdozent. Doublet of privatdozent.

(in German-speaking countries) An associate professor (in a university) who has obtained a doctorate, written a habilitation thesis and given a lecture in the hope of becoming a full professor.


chantwell

Probably from French chanterelle (“female bird used by hunters as a decoy to attract other birds; treble string of a musical instrument”), from chanter (“to sing, crow”) + -erelle (variant of -elle (suffix forming feminine nouns, often with a diminutive sense)).

der

The weird, off-beat music known as "calypso" is played in all the English-speaking islands of the Caribbean, but the place to hear it at its best is in Trinidad, where it originated. Every year the calypso singers, or "chantwells," as they are called, hold a "war" to decide the championship. The singer whose songs are judged best by popular acclaim becomes "king" for the year.

1952, The American Magazine, volume 154, New York, N.Y.: Crowell-Collier Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 97, column 1:

Calypso began with the "chantwells." These were slaves who entertained plantation owners in colonial times. The chantwells made up songs about the people they knew and the things that happened to them.

1976, Robert J. Alexander et al., edited by John P. Augelli, Caribbean Lands, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Fideler Co., →ISBN, page 89, column 1:

Calypso has, however, been linked to the kalinda, to which stick-fighters chanted and fought. The chantwell, or lead singers, of the stick-fighting groups functioned as social commentator and haranguer and so may be considered very early calypsonians. The chantwells, however, were thought to possess supernatural powers, and so their pronouncements of the injury the opponent would receive were taken seriously.

2008, “Calypso”, in Richard M. Juang, Noelle Morrissette, Melissa Fullmer, editors, Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: A Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia (Transatlantic Relations Series), volume I, Santa Barbara, Calif., Denver, Colo.: ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 224, column 1:

Subaltern jamette women predominated as the chantuelle, the singers of topical song, who led bands of people in Canboulay rituals, including kalinda (stick-fighters). The chantuelle were the forerunners of the predominantly male calypso artists who emerged as popular singers in the twentieth century.

2013, Rochelle Rowe, “Cleaning Up Carnival: Race, Culture and Power in the Trinidad ‘Carnival Queen’ Beauty Competition, 1946–59”, in Imagining Caribbean Womanhood: Race, Nation and Beauty Contests, 1929–70, Manchester: Manchester University Press, →ISBN, page 48:

(chiefly Trinidad and Tobago, music) A (generally female) lead singer of traditional cariso music, or of a calypso band.


ushkuinik

Borrowed from Russian ушку́йник (uškújnik).

Vasily tells his mother that he wants to travel to Jerusalem because the time has come for him to repent his earlier misdeeds, possibly an allusion to a life of fighting, killing, and robbery as a Viking-like ushkuinik.

1998, James Bailey, Anthology Russian Folk Epics, M.E. Sharpe, page 319:

A medieval Novgorodian pirate who led a life similar to that of a Viking.


zambuk

From Zam-Buk, a type of healing ointment originally manufactured in England, United Kingdom; further origin uncertain.

“C’mon ‘Zambuk,’ what’s keeping yer!” the old-time football crowds would yell when one over-eager barracker k.o.’d an opposition supporter. Spencer Middlemiss sat back in a chair at his Mascot home last week, and, surrounded by a pile of certificates, photographs and cuttings, proudly confessed that he was one of the original “Zambuks.”

1957 April 14, David Burke, “He slept in a police cell: Oldest ambulance man looks back”, in The Sun-Herald, 2nd edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: John Fairfax and Sons, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 32, columns 1–2:

The Hospitaller's Clubs, who work for the Hospital of St. John, an op[h]thalmic hospital in Jerusalem, and the St. John Ambulance Brigade, they're the voluntary uniform body, the Zambuks on the football field and the women in white who look after fainting people in big crowds …

1966 March 17, Marjorie Higgins, quotee, “And how is your first aid? Do you know what to do until the doctor comes?”, in The Sydney Morning Herald, late edition, number 40,013, Sydney, N.S.W.: John Fairfax and Sons, →ISSN, →OCLC, Women’s Section, page 8:

When I came past the accident scene I couldn't believe it—the driver was walking around, though he was breathing a little huskily. As the ambulance by that time had arrived I told one of the zambucks.

2005, Trevor L. White, chapter 6, in Death at the Post, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris, published 2012, →ISBN, page 67:

‘You’re still bleeding from that wound on the head. Tiger’ll put a dressing on it.’ / ‘Aw, call the Zambuck,’ he protested. / […] / ‘Zambuck’s the first aid man at the footy—you know, St John’s Ambulance. They’re called that ’cause of the ointment they carry.’

2007, Michael O’Sullivan, “Another Sunday Morning”, in Easter at Tobruk, [Sydney, N.S.W.]: ReadHowYouWant, published 2008, →ISBN, part 2, page 59:

All Black lock Tiny White (born 1925) being taken from the field by zambuks in the fourth New Zealand–South Africa rugby test, Eden Park, Auckland, 1 September 1956.

2009, Graeme Hunt, “Post-war Challenges”, in First to Care: 125 Years of the Order of St John in New Zealand 1885–2010, Auckland: Libro International; Wellington: Waddington Press for the Priory in New Zealand of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem, →ISBN, image caption, page 182:

We better tell them the shooting is over, otherwise the cops won't let the zambucks come up to get Cathy.

2010, Alix Bosco [pseudonym; Greg McGee], chapter 47, in Slaughter Falls, [Sydney, N.S.W.]: ReadHowYouWant, →ISBN, pages 414–415:

(Australia, New Zealand, informal) A first-aider, especially one from St. John Ambulance attending at a sports event.


iron band

(music, Antigua and Barbuda) A kind of traditional musical group in the folk culture of Antigua and Barbuda, characterized by the use of pieces of metal as musical instruments.


handball player

en-noun

handball player (plural handball players)

A person who plays handball, especially professionally.


soccerer

This means that a tennis player or soccerer has to be punished for a doping offence in exactly the same way as a track and field athlete, a canoeist or a skier.

2013, Helmut Digel, Sociological Aspects of Modern Sports, Meyer & Meyer Sport (UK) Ltd., chapter II.7, 161


wharfmaster

Near-synonym: dockmaster


melodicist

(music) A musician who performs the melody, as opposed to one who plays the rhythm.


zinkist

(music) A person who plays the zink (cornett).


baritone hornist

baritone hornist (plural baritone hornists)


acoustic bassist

acoustic bassist (plural acoustic bassists)

acoustic bass guitar
acoustic bass guitar

Someone who plays the acoustic bass guitar.


velite

Borrowed from Latin vēlitēs, plural of vēles.

(historical) A type of Roman infantryman who worked as a skirmisher.


archlutist

The remaining musicians were grouped in the following fashion : two archlutists, eight violinists, two contrabassists, one harpist.

1970, Gordana Lazarevich, The Role of the Neapolitan Intermezzo in the Evolution of Eighteenth-century Musical Style: Literary, Symphonic and Dramatic Aspects, 1685-1735:

MARION VERBRUGGEN AND JAKOB LINDBERG — The recorder player and the archlutist / Baroque guitarist perform sonatas, suites, divisions, and variations by Jakob van[…]

The 'Prince of Venosa' referred to in the letter to Albani is the famous archlutist and madrigalist Carlo Gesualdo, and 'Stella' is Gesualdo's protégé, Scipione Stella, who […]

2002, Richard E. Spear, From Caravaggio to Artemisia: Essays on Painting in Seventeenth-century Italy and France:


balalaikist

(music) Someone who plays the balalaika.


piscatrix

(historical) A female fishmonger in ancient times.


barracks emperor

barracks emperor (plural barracks emperors)

/ˈbæɹəks ˈɛmpəɹə/

/ˈbæɹəks ˈɛmpəɹɚ/

The next twenty-nine emperors, who ruled Rome for ninety-two years, or until a.d. 284, were known as the Barracks Emperors, because most of them owed their elevation to the purchase of favors from the soldiers. A few of these men were of unblemished character, but most of them encouraged the progress of corruption and aided the downfall of Rome.

1924, Charles H[erbert] Sylvester, “The History of Rome”, in The Writings of Mankind: […] Twenty Volumes, volume V (Greece·Latin), Kansas City, Mo.: The Epsilon Sigma Alpha Sorority, National Headquarters, →OCLC, page 2481:

While Iran and Mesopotamia therefore enjoyed relative security in the third century a.d., the internal cohesion of the Roman state showed signs of serious disrepair. The civil war between 193 and 197 a.d., which brought the first "barracks emperor" to power, was a mere prelude to the distresses of the years 235 to 285 a.d., when recurrent struggles between rival candidates for the imperial throne opened the gates to barbarian invasion accompanied by pestilential disease of unusual severity.

1963, William H[ardy] McNeill, “Barbarian Onslaught and Civilized Response, 200–600 a.d.”, in The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →OCLC, part II (Eurasian Cultural Balance 500 B.C.–1500 A.D.), page 387:

Abraham Lincoln had only one thing in common with a Roman barracks-emperor: that he had risen, as had Diocletian and others, from a poverty-stricken rural background.

1974, Russell Kirk, The Roots of American Order, Malibu, Calif.: Pepperdine University Press, →ISBN; republished Newburyport, Mass.: Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 2014, →ISBN:

Who was the first "barracks emperor" of Rome? […] The "barracks emperors" were Roman military leaders of this era who seized supreme power in the field or were elevated to the throne by the army against their will. They were often uncultured or semieducated, or natives of backward provinces, like Maximinus Thrax ("the Thracian"), the first common soldier who rose through the ranks to become Roman emperor.

2010 March, Peter D’Epiro, “Third Century”, in The Book of Firsts: 150 World-changing People and Events from Caesar Augustus to the Internet, New York, N.Y.: Anchor Books, Random House, →ISBN, question 18, pages 56–57:

(Ancient Rome, historical) An emperor who seized power by virtue of his command of the army.

Capitoline Museums
Imperial Roman army
Legio IV Italica
Maximinus Thrax
Praetorian Guard
Roman emperor


tenniser

Among the tennisers was a young man who looked older than he probably was, every other time that your eye fell upon him, clad in white below and stripes above.

1913, Nathaniel Clark Fowler, The Knockers Club, page 103:


bull fiddler

A double bassist; someone who plays the bull fiddle (double bass)


bass violist

(music) Someone who plays the bass viol (double bass).


bass violinist

A double bassist; someone who plays the bass violin (double bass).


chitarronist

(music) Someone who plays the chitarrone.


washtub bassist

washtub bassist (plural washtub bassists)


upright bassist

upright bassist (plural upright bassists)

A double bassist; someone who plays the upright bass (double bass).


electric bassist

electric bassist (plural electric bassists)

Someone who plays the electric bass guitar.


stand-up bassist

stand-up bassist (plural stand-up bassists)

Someone who plays the stand-up bass (double bass).


string bassist

A double bassist; someone who plays the string bass (double bass).


tea chest bassist

tea chest bassist (plural tea chest bassists)


doghouse bassist

doghouse bassist (plural doghouse bassists)

A double bassist; someone who plays the doghouse bass (double bass).


English hornist

English hornist (plural English hornists)

Someone who plays the English horn (cor anglais).