carer

General American, Mary–marry–merry merger

Have you thought of a job as a carer for disabled people?

They retired early to be a full-time carer for their partner.

He said Robins had not been in trouble with the law before and had no previous convictions. Jail would have an adverse effect on her and her three children as she was the main carer.

2011 December 14, Steven Morris, “Devon woman jailed for 168 days for killing kitten in microwave”, in Guardian:

Her business was a one-woman outfit that offered accredited first-aid training courses for teachers, carers, sports coaches, antenatal classes, workplace groups, and the police; the classes ranged from basic defibrillator training to what was now called psychological first aid.

2023, Eleanor Catton, Birnam Wood, page 211:

(UK, Ireland, Commonwealth) Someone who regularly looks after another person, either as a job or often through family responsibilities.

مُقَدِّم الرِّعايَة

someone who regularly looks after another person


flagger

One who uses a flag or signal, as for example to direct traffic or to start a race.


essayist

She was an essayist whose frequent contributions to the editorial pages of major newspapers had a loyal following.

One who composes essays; a writer of short compositions.

assagista

one who composes essays; a writer of short compositions


palooka

H. L. Mencken
Ham Fisher
Joe Palooka
The American Language

Used in the US since the 1920s, originally primarily of boxers. Popularized by Jack Conway of Variety, who also popularized baloney and bimbo. Further popularized by Ham Fisher in his comic strip Joe Palooka about a boxer (published in newspapers since 1930, particularly popular in 1940s).

unk

Used

But [Jack] Dempsey against some palooka who had been press agented into greatness and into the form of a Dempsey menace — that would pack any outdoor arena.

Butch: Lookin' at somethin', friend?
Vincent: I ain't your friend, palooka.

1994, Quentin Tarantino, Roger Avary, Pulp Fiction:

(US, boxing, bridge, etc) Someone incompetent or untalented.


centenary

From Latin centēnārius (“containing 100; local official overseeing a hundred”) either directly or via French centenaire, from centēnī (“100 each”) + -ārius (“-ary”), from centum (“hundred”). Doublet of centenarian, centenarize, kantar, and quintal.

doublet

Of or related to the number one hundred, particularly

Lasting or aged 100 years, 100-year-old.

(historical, obsolete) Of or relating to hundreds, the administrative unit.


onomastician

Coordinate term: nomenclaturist

A person who studies onomastics; one who studies or researches names.

專名學家 /专名学家

person who studies onomastics, person who studies names


urologist

From urolog(y) + -ist or uro- + -logist.

Dr. Schirren: The members of this round table keep on speaking about urologists and gynecologists but you never mention andrologists.

1986, Emil Steinberger, G. Frajese, Anna Steinberger, editors, Reproductive Medicine, page 493:

In fact, at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., so many men sign up for vasectomies during March Madness that appointments reach “max capacity,” said Dr. Tobias S. Kohler, a urologist and men’s health expert at the medical center who has observed this phenomenon ever since he was an attending physician a decade ago.

2019 March 28, Christina Caron, “Why Don’t More American Men Get Vasectomies?”, in The New York Times:


magistrate

/ˈmæd͡ʒɪstɹət/

(law) A judicial officer with limited authority to administer and enforce the law. A magistrate's court may have jurisdiction in civil or criminal cases, or both.

maistraatti

in foreign contexts; not equivalent in Finland

(historical, by extension) A comparable official in medieval or modern institutions.


vintner

From Middle English vyntener, variant of viniter, from Old French vineter, vinetier (“wine-merchant, grape-harvester”), from Medieval Latin vīnētārius (“wine dealer”), from vīnētum (“vineyard”), from vīnum (“wine”).


reverse-engineer

Back-formation from reverse engineering.

A reverse-engineer can in theory do a variety of things with the information she obtains.

1998, M. Lemley, D. McGowan, “Legal Implications of Network Economic Effects”, in California Law Journal, volume 86, number 3, page 524:

A person who reverse-engineers products.


slave-girl

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-slave-girl.wav

A female required to perform sexual acts, a sex slave.


turm

From Middle English turmes pl, from Old French turme, from Latin turma (“troop, squadron, team”).

Thence to the gates caſt round thine eye, and ſee / What conflux iſſuing forth, or entring in: / Pretors, Proconſuls to thir Provinces / Haſting or on return, in robes of State; / Lictors and rods the enſigns of thir power; / Legions and Cohorts, turmes of horſe and wings: […]

1671, John Milton, “The Fourth Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 81, lines 61–66:

(obsolete) A group of people, especially a military unit of cavalrymen.


milliner

The noun is a variant of Milaner (“(obsolete) inhabitant or native of Milan”) (referring to the importation and sale of women’s apparel, etc., made in Milan: see sense 1), from Late Middle English Milener, Miloner (“native of Milan”), from Milan + -er(e) (suffix denoting an inhabitant or resident).
The verb is derived from the noun.

He hath ſongs for man, or vvoman, of all ſizes: No Milliner can ſo fit his cuſtomers vvith Gloues: […]

c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv], page 293, column 1:

Hoſt. Here comes my vvife and daughter. / […] / Clovv[n]. She is a pretty lure to dravv cuſtome to your ordinary. / Hoſt. Doſt think I keep her to that purpoſe? / Clovv. VVhen a Dove-houſe is empty, there is cumin-ſeed uſed to purloine from the reſt of the neighbours; […] A Milliner has choice of Monkies, and Paraketoes; […]

1626 February 1 (licensing date), John Fletcher [et al.], “The Faire Maide of the Inne”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, Act II, scene i, page 35, column 1:

[H]e vvill not vviſh to get out of that narrovv, that exceeding narrovv Circle; and, in my Opinion, ſhould keep no Company, but that of Tailors, VVigpuffers, and Milaners.

1742, [Samuel Richardson], “Letter XLII. From Miss Darnford, in Answer to the Preceding.”, in Pamela; Or, Virtue Rewarded. […], 3rd edition, volume IV, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; and sold by J. Osborn, […]; and J[ohn] Rivington, […], →OCLC, page 285:

(archaic) A person who sells (women's) apparel, accessories, and other decorative goods, especially those originally manufactured in Milan.

modisti

person who sells (women’s) apparel, accessories, and other decorative goods, especially those originally manufactured in Milan


shock jock

“To slam a movie about hate radio for fostering hate is like saying that a movie about the Ku Klux Klan will foster the Klan,” he says, adding that the death threats against Barry Champlain, “Talk Radio’s” shock jock, are not the imaginings of a feverish, Hollywood-inspired imagination.

1989 January 6, Robert Koehler, “The Word on 'Talk Radio' : Eric Bogosian Finds Story in the 'Fringe Element' of the Media”, in Los Angeles Times:

“We always had shock jocks,” said Michael Harrison, publisher of the talk-radio trade magazine Talkers. “But then we had a shock president.”

2021 February 10, Michael M. Grynbaum, Tiffany Hsu, Katie Robertson, Keith Collins, quoting Michael Harrison, “How Right-Wing Radio Stoked Anger Before the Capitol Siege”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Appearing frequently on Japanese online shows in T-shirts, hoodies or casual jackets, and wearing signature eyeglasses with one round and one square lens, Dr. Narita leans into his Ivy League pedigree as he fosters a nerdy shock jock impression.

2023 February 12, Motoko Rich, Hikari Hida, “A Yale Professor Suggested Mass Suicide for Old People in Japan. What Did He Mean?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(slang) A deliberately offensive or provocative talk show host.


locksmith

From Middle English loksmith; equivalent to lock + smith.

Piccadilly, 12:30 o'clock.--Just before we reached Fenchurch Street Lord Godalming said to me, "Quincey and I will find a locksmith. You had better not come with us in case there should be any difficulty. For under the circumstances it wouldn't seem so bad for us to break into an empty house.

1897, Bram Stoker, chapter 21, in Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC:


bodyguard

/ˈbɑːdiɡɑːɹd/

A person or group of persons, often armed, responsible for protecting someone.

lyfwag

person responsible for protecting someone

អង្គរក្ស

ʼɑngkĕəʼrĕək


klezmer

en-noun

klezmer (countable and uncountable, plural klezmers or klezmorim)

Borrowed from Yiddish קלעזמער (klezmer), from Hebrew כְּלֵי זֶמֶר (kléy zémer, “musical instruments”).

der

כְּלֵי זֶמֶר

(music, uncountable) A type of popular Jewish folk music especially associated with Ashkenazi cultures.


paleontologist

An alternative approach is to break down cultures into ab-
 stract elements and to establish, between elements of the same
 type in different cultures, rather than between cultures themselves,
 the same kind of relationships of historical descent and progressive
 differentiation which the paleontologist sees in the evolution of
 species.

1963, Claude Lévy-Strauss, Structural Anthropology, New York: Basic Books, page 4:

In the late nineteenth century, paleontologists began to catalog the many curious correspondences exhibited by fossils gathered on different continents.

2014, Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Picador, →ISBN, page 197:


couturier

A person who designs haute couture (high fashion).


tutor

From Middle English tutour, from Old French tuteur (French tuteur), from Latin tūtor (“a watcher, protector, guardian”), from tueor (“protect”); see tuition.

He passed the difficult class with help from his tutor.

One who teaches another (usually called a student, learner, or tutee) in a one-on-one or small-group interaction.

(UK) A university officer responsible for students in a particular hall.

(obsolete or Quebec law) One who has the charge of a child or pupil and his estate; a guardian.


sole proprietor

en-noun

sole proprietor (plural sole proprietors)

(law, business) The person who owns and controls a sole proprietorship.

個體戶 /个体户

person who controls a sole proprietorship


submariner

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-submariner.wav

/sʌbˈmæɹɪnə/

/sʌbˈmæɹɪnɚ/

Jones was a submariner and could often confuse a batter with his unorthodox delivery.

(US, baseball) A pitcher that throws with an underhand motion.


freelance

→ Catalan: freelance

→ Finnish: freelance

→ French: freelance

→ Japanese: フリーランス (furīransu)

→ Portuguese: frila(br) freelance(pt)

→ Spanish: freelance

→ Swedish: frilans

→ Turkish: freelance

From free + lance. Coined by Walter Scott (1771–1832) in Ivanhoe (1820) to describe a medieval mercenary warrior or "free-lance" (indicating that the lance is not sworn to any lord's services). It changed to a figurative noun around the 1860s and was recognized as a verb in 1903 by authorities such as the Oxford English Dictionary. In modern times the term has morphed into an adjective, a verb, and an adverb, as well as the derivative noun freelancer.

The objector, one Millworthy, a free-lance of journalism, was not to be so easily silenced.

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

The person you are revising (the revisee) is a colleague at your own rank, or another freelance.

2014, Brian Mossop, Revising and Editing for Translators, page 192:

Someone who sells their services to clients without a long-term employment contract.

vabakutseline

one who sells their services to clients with short-term contracts


freelance

en-verb

freelance (third-person singular simple present freelances, present participle freelancing, simple past and past participle freelanced)

freelances (present singular third-person)
freelancing (participle present)
freelanced (participle past)
freelanced (past)

(transitive) To produce or sell services as a freelance.

tehdä freelancerina

transitive: to produce or sell services as a freelance


hostess

From Middle English hostesse, from Middle French hostesse, from Old French ostesce, made up of oste (“host”) + -esce (“feminine marker”).

A bar hostess or bargirl; a paid female companion offering conversation and in some cases sex.


clinician

From French clinicien, equivalent to clinic + -ian.

physician

all physicians are professionals, and most are also clinicians

nurse

all nurses are professionals, and most are also clinicians

clinical medicine
clinical medicine#English

Any healthcare practitioner working at the point of care, in clinical practice (e.g., physicians in clinical medicine, nurses in nursing practice, or allied health providers in practice).


god-king

devaraja

Southeast Asian, Hindu-Buddhist divine monarch

A statesman who holds all the state's powers and has religious significance to his constituency.

(literally) A monarch who is also a god.

(derogatory, computing) A tyrannical maintainer of a collaborative project.


deejay

Pronunciation spelling of the abbreviation DJ.


ecdysiast

Coined by H. L. Mencken from ecdysis (“moulting”) (on the model of enthusiast etc.).

I had never seen an ecdysiast before; toward the end she was wearing nothing but seven beads, four of them sweat.

1973, Kyril Bonfiglioli, Don't Point That Thing at Me, Penguin, published 2001, page 79:

However, the Queen of Ecdysiasts, Gypsy Rose Lee, was not amused. In a 1940 interview, she leveled her guns against Mencken: "Ecdysiast, he calls me! Why, the man... has been reading books! Dictionaries! We don't wear feathers and molt them off... What does he know about stripping?"

2004, Chrysti the Wordsmith, Verbivore's Feast: A Banquet of Word and Phrase Origins, Farcountry Press, page 107:

(uncommon) An erotic dancer who removes their clothes as a form of entertainment; a stripper.


emissary

From French émissaire, from Latin emissarius (“agent, scout, spy”).

An agent sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else.

مَبْعُوث

an agent sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else


courtier

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

From Middle English courteour, from Anglo-Norman corteour, Old French cortoiier, from cort (“court”).

(entomology) Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the Asian genus Sephisa.


babysitter

My neighbor is sometimes a babysitter for other mothers’ children.

A person who cares for one or more babies or children for a short period of time in place of their legal guardians.


inquisitor

From Old French inquisiteur, from Latin inquīsītor.

A person who inquires, especially searchingly or ruthlessly.


saleswoman

The task was a novel and not unwholly congenial one, but he finally got the attention of a saleswoman and made his wishes known.

We stop walking a second and look around at the spectacle before us. There's something Felliniesque about a department store cosmetics section. You stand here on a Saturday morning, dressed in the standard mall-casual suburban wardrobe, gazing at a chamber glittering with chandeliers, populated by saleswomen wearing makeup and hair dramatic enough for opening night at La Scala.

2004, Paco Underhill, Call of the Mall: The Geography of Shopping by the Author of Why We Buy:

A woman whose occupation it is to sell things.

بَيَّاعَة

woman whose occupation is to sell things


salesperson

en-noun

salesperson (plural salespersons or salespeople)

salespersons (plural)
salespeople (plural)

When I was a child, salespeople were usually stationed behind a counter in any given department. […] Having searched in vain for an item and finding a salesperson to ask if the store has it, more often than not you are greeted with, "Do you see it? Then we don't have it."

1983 May 15, Linda Dyer, “A CUSTOMER'S RIGHTS”, in The New York Times:

Thus despite sex-typing at Macy's and Target—the placing of salespersons in like-gendered departments and women more often in interactive roles that paid less—women were not much more class-conscious than men.

2016, Peter Ikeler, Hard Sell, page 179:

A person whose job is to sell things, often in a shop or store.


sacristan

From French sacristain, Late Latin sacrista, from Latin sacer. Doublet of sexton.

And hence the custom and law began
That still at dawn the sacristan,
Who duly pulls the heavy bell,
Five and forty beads must tell
Between each stroke

1816, S[amuel] T[aylor] Coleridge, “(please specify the page)”, in Christabel: Kubla Khan, a Vision: The Pains of Sleep, London: […] John Murray, […], by William Bulmer and Co. […], →OCLC:

[…] every evening as the temple was closed for the night the sacristan paused: "Pindar to supper with the god!" he cried.

1879, F. D. Morice, Pindar, chapter 3, page 32:

The church was looked after by an old sacristan who lived in a cottage on the shore of the lake.

1932, Maurice Baring, chapter 10, in Friday's Business:

The person who maintains the sacristy and the sacred objects it contains.


crooner

My mom likes to listen to old crooners like Frank Sinatra and Tommy Dorsey.

One who croons; a singer, usually male, especially of popular music.


RDH

(medicine) Initialism of registered dental hygienist.


PFC

If Steinkamp doesn't take off that hat and stop messing around, I'm gonna bust him into a PFC.

1962, The Manchurian Candidate, 01:56:35

private first class
private first class#English

(military) Initialism of private first class.


statuary

From Latin statuārius (“maker of statues”).


bookkeeper

(accounting) A person responsible for keeping records or documents, such as of a business.


neurologist

When a neurologist ruled out medical causes like Lyme disease, Ms. Abaspour recalled, her husband said, “I think we should just give her a placebo — it’s all in her head.”

2006 October 22, Pam Belluck, “Living With Love, Chaos and Haley”, in The New York Times, retrieved 2016-12-09:

And most neurologists are in the habit of prescribing antispasticity drugs like tizanidine and baclofen, which are oral and inexpensive, but which cause drowsiness and weaken every muscle in the body, not just the target ones.

2009 March 17, Donald G. Mcneil Jr., “After a Stroke, Freeing Muscles With Botox”, in The New York Times:

A doctor or scientist who practices or specializes in neurology.


shepherdess

From Middle English scheperdesse, shepperdesse; equivalent to shepherd + -ess.

1709, Anthony Aston, The Coy Shepherdess, page 18:

I thought it a crime to refuse nature the maintenance of a life much more grievous than death. I changed my* dress for the simple habit of a shepherdess, and embraced this state as my only refuge; since that time all my consolation has been to weep over this grave, which shall be my own.

1763, Select Moral Tales. (The Good Mother, The Shepherdess of the Alps), page 83:

A Faithful Shepherdess

1778, The Dramatick Works of Beaumont and Fletcher, page 115:

September 2014, New York Film Festival to Revive Paul Grimault’s Animated Classic IndieWire
the satirical The King And The Mockingbird follows a chimney sweep and shepherdess on the run from a tyrannical king

November 2014, It’s Taken Decades, But the Surreal Animated Film The King and the Mockingbird Is Finally Here Vulture
The king is in love with a beautiful shepherdess in a painting on his wall, but she herself is in love with the handsome chimney sweep in the painting beside her.


shopgirl

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-shopgirl.wav

A girl who works in a shop; a young saleswoman.

midinette

a girl or young woman who works in a shop


air traffic controller

air traffic controller (plural air traffic controllers)

A person who operates an air traffic control system, to expedite the safe flow of aircraft.


taikonaut

From Mandarin 太空 (tàikōng, “space”) + -naut, modelled after astronaut, cosmonaut, spationaut, etc. The term was coined on 19 May 1998 by Chiew Lee Yih (趙里昱 (Zhào Lǐyù)) from Malaysia, who used it first in newsgroups. Almost simultaneously, Chen Lan coined it for use in the Western media.

The past decade has seen remarkable events and changes: […] The Columbia disaster and a Chinese taikonaut in orbit

2003, Peter Schwartz, Inevitable Surprises, page x:

A person who travels in space for the Chinese space program; a Chinese astronaut.


financier

Unadapted borrowing from French financier.

ubor

Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. Piling debt onto companies’ balance-sheets is only a small part of what leveraged buy-outs are about, they insist. Improving the workings of the businesses they take over is just as core to their calling, if not more so. Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster.

2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70:

A person who, as a profession, profits from large financial transactions.

финанси́ст

person profiting from financial transactions


gazetteer

The noun is borrowed from French gazettier (archaic), gazetier (“journalist, newspaperman”) + English -eer (suffix forming agent nouns denoting people associated with or engaged in a specified activities). Gazettier, gazetier are derived from gazette (“newspaper”) + -ier (suffix denoting a profession); and gazette from Italian gazzetta, from Venetan gazeta, from gazeta dele novità (literally “a gazeta of news”) (referring to the cost of the newspaper, a gazeta being a Venetian coin of little value, whence English gazet (obsolete)), possibly a diminutive of Latin gaza (“riches, treasure; treasury”), ultimately from Old Median *ganǰam (“treasure; wealth”). The English word is analysable as gazette + -eer.
The verb is derived from the noun.

der

/ˌɡæzəˈtɪəɹ/

Mount novv to Gallo-belgicus: Appeare / As deepe as a States-man, as a Gazettier.

1611, Ioannes Donne [i.e., John Donne], “[Panegyricke Verse by John Donne]”, in Thomas Coryate [i.e., Thomas Coryat], Coryats Crudities Hastily Gobled Vp in Five Moneths Trauells […], London: […] W[illiam] S[tansby for the author], →OCLC, signature d3, recto:

Did I tell you I have made Ford Gazetteer, with two hundred pounds a year salary, besides perquisites.

1712 July 28 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Jonathan Swift, “[Dr. Swift’s Journal to Stella.] Letter L.”, in Thomas Sheridan, John Nichols, editors, The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, […], new edition, volume XV, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], published 1801, →OCLC, page 314:

So—Satire is no more—I feel it die— / No Gazeteer more innocent than I!

1738, [Alexander] Pope, One Thousand Seven Hundred and Thirty Eight. A Dialogue Something Like Horace, London: […] T. Cooper […], →OCLC, page 6, lines 77–78:

[Richard] Steele had been appointed Gazetteer by Sunderland [i.e., Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland, Secretary of State for the Southern Department], at the request, it is said, of [Joseph] Addison; and thus had access to foreign intelligence earlier and more authentic than was in those times within the reach of an ordinary news-writer.

1843 July, [Thomas Babington Macaulay], “Art. VII.—The Life of Joseph Addison. By Lucy Aikin. Two Volumes. 8vo. London: 1843 [book review].”, in The Edinburgh Review, or Critical Journal, volume LXXVIII, number CLVII, Edinburgh: […] Ballantyne and Hughes; for Longman, Brown, Green, & Longmans, […]; Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, →OCLC, page 228:

Within a week, the amazed Gazetteers (Newspaper Editors we now call them) can behold the actual advent of horse, foot and artillery regiments at Magdeburg; actual rendezvous begun, and with a frightful equable velocity going on day after day.

1858, Thomas Carlyle, “Imminency of War or Duel, between the Britannic and Prussian Majesties”, in History of Friedrich II. of Prussia, Called Frederick the Great, volume II, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, book VI, page 96:

(archaic or historical) A person who writes for a gazette or newspaper; a journalist; (specifically) a journalist engaged by a government.


gazetteer

en-verb

gazetteer (third-person singular simple present gazetteers, present participle gazetteering, simple past and past participle gazetteered)

gazetteers (present singular third-person)
gazetteering (participle present)
gazetteered (participle past)
gazetteered (past)

/ˌɡæzəˈtɪəɹ/

[A]s an old friend I've got one favour to beg and to request to be granted. […] Why, when you've been gazetteered as Sir Robert and Lady Smugglefuss, that I shall be the first to be honoured with a visit.

1864, C[harles] J[ames] Collins, “A Congratulatory Meeting”, in Singed Moths: A City Romance […], volume II, London: John Maxwell and Company […], →OCLC, page 74:

But the change was at hand, and two new major-generals and six brigadier-generals were gazetteered to the anxious country.

1894 July, Charles R. Corning, “General Eleazer Wheelock Ripley”, in The Granite Monthly: A New Hampshire Magazine Devoted to History, Biography, Literature, and State Progress, volume XVII, number I, Concord, N.H.: Granite Monthly Company, →OCLC, page 3, column 2:

Gazetteered as Lieutenant-Commander, he [Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh] was now twenty-nine years old, about the age when he might have expected such promotion. No sign there of favouritism or nepotism, though his unrivalled connections had hardly held him back.

1981, Denis Judd, “A Career of One’s Own?”, in Prince Philip: A Biography, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Atheneum, →ISBN, page 146:

Synonym of gazette (“to announce the status of (someone) in an official gazette”)


brigadier general

en-noun

brigadier general (plural brigadier generals)

(military) A military rank between colonel and the second lowest general rank or major general, having an O7 NATO rank scale equivalency


call girl

→ Cebuano: call girl

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-call girl.wav

(informal) A female prostitute who is hired by telephone.


journo

From journalist + -o (“diminutive suffix”). Australian.https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/journo

He′d been packed in with all the other journos, standing out only in that he was taller than most and didn′t make as much noise.

2000, Robert Bingham, Lightning on the Sun, page 34:

Journos and scribes are officially welcomed by the Taliban and then never given visas to enter. The Red Cross needs Talib approval for all journos before you can book a flight.

2003, USA International Business Publications, Afghanistan Business Law Handbook, page 254:

2004, Pam Austin, Bob Austin, Getting Free Publicity: The Secrets of Successful Press Relations, How To Books, Oxford, page 8,
And we hope that all women journos will forgive us if, in these pages, we use the word ‘he’ as shorthand for ‘he/she’ when referring to members of the Fourth Estate.

2007, Sara Voorhees, The Lumière Affair: A Novel of Cannes, Simon & Schuster, New York, page 22,
TV journos consider print journos to be snobs who write for other print journos (and are therefore read by a Lilliputian portion of the population). Print journos believe TV journos to be cretins who are worshipped blindly by the lowest common denominator.

2008 August 11, Namrata Joshi, Movie Review: Mission Istaanbul, Outlook, page 80,
His nubile wife (Shriya Saran), also a TV journo, calls him names like “mouthpiece of terrorists”.


dipper

desc

→ Kashubian: dyper (Canada, United States)

From Middle English dippere; equivalent to dip + -er.

A chocolate dipper dips the cream centers into warm chocolate by hand; when taken out the creams are shaped [...]

1903, Twelfth Census of the United States, 1900, page 1189:

When the engine runs the dipper dips in the oil once in every revolution of the crankshaft and the oil is splashed on the cylinder walls.

2001, Thermal Engineering, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, →ISBN, page 472:

One who, or that which, dips (immerses something, or itself, into a liquid).

A cup-shaped vessel with a long handle, for dipping into and ladling out liquids; a ladle or scoop.

Someone who dips chewing tobacco or snuff.

It is doubtful if the Victorian Londoner needed any warning, for the artful mobsmen, toolers, whizzers and dippers, together with their stickman accomplices, were everywhere in the crowds, in the underground, on railway trains […]

1976, Michael Harrison, Beyond Baker Street: A Sherlockian Anthology, page 117:

(historical) A person employed in a tin plate works to coat steel plates in molten tin by dipping them.

(historical) A person employed to assist a bather in and out of the sea.


SFC

en-noun

SFC (countable and uncountable, plural SFCs)

Sergeant First Class
w:Sergeant First Class

(military, US) Initialism of Sergeant First Class.


spammer

(computing, Internet) Someone who sends spam.


farrier

rhotic, without the Mary–marry–merry merger

Borrowed from Middle French ferrier, from Old French ferrier, from Latin ferrārius, from ferrum (“iron”).

A person who maintains the health and balance of horses' feet through the trimming of the hoofs and fitting of horseshoes.

mbathtar

person who trims and shoes horses' hoofs


voice actor

Coordinate term: voice actress

An actor who provides voices or voice-overs for radio drama, animations, commercials, dubbed films, games, etc.

bikoizketa-aktore

an actor who provides voices for animations, dubbed films


stenographer

/stəˈnɒɡɹəfə/

/stəˈnɑɡɹəfɚ/

Coordinate term: tachygrapher

Someone skilled in the writing of shorthand or the use of a stenotype machine, especially for the purpose of rapid transcription of speech. One employed in such a role: a professional transcriptionist who employs shorthand.

стено́граф

someone skilled in the transcription of speech


syntactician

Thus, Jackendoff's analysis of Aspectual Auxiliaries as Specifiers which expand V-bar into V-double-bar seems to have some empirical support (though we should point out that by no means all X-bar syntacticians are happy to treat Aspectuals as Specifiers which expand V-bar into V-double-bar: some prefer to treat them as Verbs which head their own VP, for reasons which you can work out for yourself when you come to Exercise VII).

1988, Andrew Radford, Transformational grammar: a first course, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, page 240:

One who studies syntax; especially, a linguist who does so expertly.


geographer

/d͡ʒiːˈɒɡ.ɹə.fə(ɹ)/

/d͡ʒiˈɑ.ɡɹə.fɚ/

/d͡ʒiːˈɔɡ.ɹə.fə(ɹ)/


prospector

A large number of prospectors have crossed over the divide to the British head waters of the Yukon, in search of the rich diggings found by a lucky few last year.

1886 June 9, “Geographical Notes”, in Science, volume VIII, number 179, New York: The Science Company, page 27:

The south polar region of Promethei Planum developed a Bermuda Triangle reputation. Satellites detected intermittent mass concentrations and magnetic field shifts. In 2148, prospectors working near Deseado Crater discovered an underground complex: a Prothean observation post. The odd phenomena were generated by the operation and discharge of a mass effect core, struggling to function despite fifty millennia of neglect.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Protheans: Mars Ruins Codex entry:

A person who explores or prospects an area in search of mineral deposits, such as gold.


exegete

en-verb

exegete (third-person singular simple present exegetes, present participle exegeting, simple past and past participle exegeted)

exegetes (present singular third-person)
exegeting (participle present)
exegeted (participle past)
exegeted (past)

History, not the dictionary, must exegete this doctrine. When thus exegeted, the secularity of our Government, as shown by the intentions of its founders, the customs of the people, and the continuous decisions of the courts, means simply the separation of church and state.

1905, Borden P. Bowne, “Moral Training in the Public Schools”, in Homiletic Review, page 93:

(chiefly religion) To interpret; to perform an exegesis.


oncologist

/ɒŋˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/

From oncology + -ist or onco- + -logist.

There's been a lot of screening, and people still die," says Ian Thompson, a urologic oncologist at the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio.

2009 February 13, Jennifer Couzin, “BIOMARKERS: Metabolite in Urine May Point To High-Risk Prostate Cancer”, in Science, volume 323, number 5916, →DOI:

When considered in combination with the use of antiangiogenic therapy, this diagnostic tool is easy to apply and has broad utility among medical oncologists to avoid the risk of hemosputum in the great vessels [ 5 ].

2015 July 30, Hidetaka Uramoto et al., “Easy Diagnosis of Aortic Invasion in Patients with Lung Cancer Using Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging”, in Case Reports in Oncology, volume 8, →DOI:

(oncology) A doctor or scientist who specializes in oncology.


tinsmith

"Then bring them to me," she said. And when the tinsmiths came, bringing with them all their tools in baskets, she inquired, "Can you straighten out those dents in the Tin Woodman, and bend him back into shape again, and solder him together where he is broken?"

1900 May 17, L[yman] Frank Baum, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chicago, Ill.; New York, N.Y.: Geo[rge] M[elvin] Hill Co., →OCLC:

A little later this was replaced by a new-fangled naphtha lamp made by a local tinsmith which gave a better light but emitted an evil smell.

1977, K.M. Elizabeth Murray, Caught in the Web of Words, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 23:

A person who makes or repairs things with tin or similar alloys.

калайджи́я

a person who makes or repairs things with tin


attending

All the new interns had heard of his operative speed, his finesse under the attending's glare, and his memorization of the current surgical literature.

2002, Harry Lee Kraus, Could I Have This Dance?, page 45:

All too often when taking a history, residents and attendings in a hurry will simply use the cut-and-paste function to save time and bypass asking potentially important questions that have been asked before.

2009 March 11, “Doctor-Patient-Computer Relationships”, in New York Times:

(Canada, US) A physician on the staff of a hospital, especially the principal one that supervises a patient's care.


Etruscologist

A historian or archaeologist who specializes in the Etruscans.

étruscologue

a person who specialises in the Etruscans


airwoman

A woman who flies in an aircraft; a female aviator.


knowledge worker

en-noun

knowledge worker (plural knowledge workers)

Someone who works with information or data.

知識工人 /知识工人

someone who works with information or data


steel pan orchestra

steel pan orchestra (plural steel pan orchestras)

A band made up of people who play the steel pan.


confectioner

A manufacturer of or dealer in confections (sweets, candies, sweet pastries, and other sweet food items).


lobbyist

A person who is paid to lobby politicians and encourage them to vote a certain way or otherwise use their office to effect a desired result.


decathlete

Simply to see what would happen, Paul Terek, a United States decathlete, wore a baseball cap bearing his name in Japanese when he landed at the Osaka airport a few weeks ago. Some children there took the bait.

2007 February 9, Juliet Macur, “Decathletes Struggle for Any Recognition”, in The New York Times:

“Heptathlon is very geared and favorable to those who are quick,” said Gray’s coach, Andy Eggerth, who trains both heptathletes and decathletes. “A lot of world-class heptathletes are relatively bad at javelin and shot-put.”

2021 June 7, Shauna Farnell, “An Olympic Hurdle: Why Is the Decathlon Only for Men?”, in The New York Times:

(athletics) An athlete who competes in the decathlon.


spotter

contrasted with the Übungsleiter m meaning “trainer”

A member of a sniper team who in addition to this function is responsible for providing additional information about targets from a different point of view.

(US) A person who gives directions for a crane or vehicle (that is challenging to navigate) from a different point of view to the moved load.

the same function in the air force is also called Kampfbeobachter

then there is the term Beobachtungsoffizier m in general


air hostess

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-air hostess.wav

(UK, aviation) A female flight attendant; a stewardess.


goatherd

From Middle English goteherd, from Old English gāthierde, equivalent to goat + herd (“herder”).

'Oh, yes. A man was brought to us about a year ago. There'd been a big storm along the southern sector of the Taklamakan. It went on for four or five days. This man was a goatherd from Tongguzbasti. He'd gone out into the desert in search of tamarisk, along with a camel for the load. At midday he had some bread and water and lay down for a sleep. When he woke there was a storm the like of which he'd never seen before. There was nothing for it but to hunker down and make the best of it; but at some point - whether it was day or night he couldn't say - he found himself on his feet, shouting and screaming at the noise, and walking for what must have been miles.'

2000, Daniel Easterman, Incarnation (Fiction), →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 411:

Looking up from the center of Rmaich, a Christian town lodged on Lebanon’s southern border with Israel, a sun-wizened Lebanese goatherd points to a cluster of pine trees on a ridge.

2024, Scott Peterson, ‘This is not our war.’ Lebanese Christians caught between Hezbollah and Israel., in: The Christian Science Monitor, June 12 2024


palaeoanthropologist

Alternative spelling of paleoanthropologist


paleoanthropologist

A scientist who specializes in paleoanthropology.


copy editor

Someone who corrects printed material (copy) and prepares it for typesetting, printing, or online publishing.

editoija

editor who prepares text for publication


brain worker

knowledge worker
knowledge worker#English


shaman

Borrowed from German Schamane, from Russian шама́н (šamán), from Evenki шама̄н (şamān), сама̄н (samān). The Evenki word is possibly derived from the root ша- ("to know"); or else a loanword from Tocharian B ṣamāne (“monk”) or Chinese 沙門 /沙门 (shāmén, “Buddhist monk”), from Pali samaṇa from Sanskrit श्रमण (śramaṇa, “ascetic, monk, devotee”), from श्रम (śrama, “weariness, exhaustion; labor, toil; etc.”), which would make this a doublet of sramana.

der

Near-synonyms: medicine man, medicine woman, priest-doctor, witch doctor

Shepard: What rites did you go through to become chief shaman?
Shaman: Becoming the shaman is excruciating. I passed through rites that made me wish to die. I carry the scars on my soul.
Shaman: I must perform rites each dawn and dusk to keep me bound into our krogan nature. Our spirit is one of violence and death. I must be attuned to that.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Tuchanka:

A member of certain tribal societies who acts as a spiritual or religious medium between the concrete and spirit worlds; sometimes also a healer.


weightlifter

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-weightlifter.wav

(weightlifting) A person who competes for maximum weight lifted in a series of specific lifts.

重量挙げ選手

じゅうりょうきょげせんしゅ


crossbowman

Why did Richard I die at the hands of a crossbowman, clutching a frying pan, on the outskirts of Limoges?

2021, Otto English, Fake History, page 73:

Someone (usually a soldier) equipped with a crossbow.


Turkologist

A scholar specializing in the languages, history or cultures of Turkic peoples, including for example Turkish, Kazakh, Uzbek, Azerbaijani, Kyrgyz, Uyghur, Tuvan, Altai, Shor, and Karakalpak.


swineherd

From Middle English swynherde, from Old English swīnhierde. Cognate with German Schweinehirt.

A person who herds and tends swine, a keeper of swine (pigs).

derrar

person who herds and tends swine, keeper of swine/pigs


jeweler

From Middle English jueler, from Anglo-Norman jueler, or Old French juelier. By surface analysis, jewel + -er.

A person whose job is making, repairing or selling jewelry.

juwelier

a person whose job is making, repairing or selling jewelry


hawker

Probably Borrowed from Low German or Dutch, from Middle Low German hoker and ultimately from the root of huckster.

The other [witness] was one Sim Doolittle, the fish hawker from Allerfoot, jogging home in his fish cart from Gledsmuir fair.

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

First-generation hawkers were mostly immigrants from China, and to a smaller extent from India and the Malay Archipelago. A 1950 Hawkers Inquiry Commission report stated that 84 per cent of the hawkers in Singapore were Chinese.

2011 May, Azhar Ghani, “A Recipe for Success: How Singapore Hawker Centres Came to Be”, in IPS Update, Singapore: Institute of Policy Studies:

A peddler, a huckster, a person who sells easily transportable goods.


pharmacist

From pharmacy (“the art of preparing drugs, a drug, especially laxatives”) + -ist.

af

He has served as a prescriptionist to the leading pharmacists of the old country, and been employed in many of our American cities.

2013, Robin Sterling, People and Things from the Cullman, Alabama Tribune 1877 - 1898, →ISBN:

By Admir, pharmacist by profession and hobby dronist by passion.

2017 February 25, Simon Cocking, “Dronalism and The New Media”, in Irish Tech News:

(pharmacy) A health professional who controls, formulates, preserves, and dispenses medications and provides medical advice and counseling on how medicines should be used in order to achieve maximum benefit, and minimal side effects in order to avoid drug interactions.

apteker

professional who dispenses prescription drugs


rocker

From Middle English rokker, rockere, rokkere, equivalent to rock + -er.

It was I Sir (ſaid the Rocker) who had the honour (ſome thirty years ſince) to attend on your Highneſs in your Infancie, […]

1660, Thomas Fuller, “Trusting maketh one Trusty”, in Mixt Contemplations in Better Times, London: […] R[oger] D[aniel] for Iohn Williams, […], →OCLC, page [75]:

(UK) A member of a British subculture of the 1960s, opposed to the mods, who dressed in black leather and were interested in 1950s music.


doorman

A person who holds open the door at the entryway (entrance) to a building, summons taxicabs, and provides an element of security; in apartment buildings, he also accepts deliveries and may perform certain concierge type services.

بَوَّاب

man who holds open the door at the entrance to a building


head coach

The other coaches offered their opinions, but in the end the head coach decided.

The highest ranking coach of a coaching staff.


non-commissioned officer

en-noun

non-commissioned officer (plural non-commissioned officers)

A platoon sergeant may only be a non-commissioned officer but he's the one his men look to when the bullets start flying.

A person of authority in the military who has not received a commission (a direct conveyance of authority from the sovereign government); as such they can have charge or control but not command in the most technical use of the word.


sommelier

Borrowed from French sommelier (“originally, a person in charge of the beasts of burden carrying wine”), from somme (“pack”) + -ier (suffix forming the names of jobs). somme is from Vulgar Latin *sauma, from Latin sagma (“packsaddle”).

af

The sommelier recommended the perfect wine, opened the bottle with panache, and served it into glasses.

A Sommelier or wine steward organizes a restaurant's entire wine program, from tasting to pairing of wines with foods the chef might prepare according to seasonal meat, seafood, and produce availability, to ordering and keeping inventory, staying on top of local, domestic, and foreign releases, and educating waitstaff about wines and their nuances. […] A Sommelier must make novice wine drinkers comfortable and explain wine complexities simply, while knowing wines well enough to satisfy the most demanding customer.

2010, Kathleen Thompson Hill, “Sommelier”, in Career Opportunities in the Food and Beverage Industry, New York, N.Y.: Ferguson, Infobase Publishing, →ISBN, page 44, column 1:

There's a new kid on the block: the tea sommelier. […] In the Western world, the first acting tea sommelier on the scene was Helen Gustafson, although the title was never bestowed her. […] She stayed at the restaurant for twenty years, and although she did not have the formal title of tea sommelier—no one did at the time—many in the industry credit her with leading the charge that has resulted in fine-dining establishments improving their tea service.

2014, Lisa Boalt Richardson, “Beyond the Cup: Pairing, Cooking, Cocktails, and More”, in Modern Tea: A Fresh Look at an Ancient Beverage, San Francisco, Calif.: Chronicle Books, →ISBN, page 115:

The fMRI [functional magnetic resonance imaging] brain images of sommeliers show that their brains act very differently from ordinary brains when they taste wine. An Italian radiology research group (Castriota-Scanderbeg et al., 2005) showed activation of the cerebral network in the left insula and adjoining orbito-frontal cortex in sommeliers.

2015, Nak-Eon Choi, Jung H. Han, “Technological Advancements Brought by the Love of Flavors”, in How Flavor Works: The Science of Taste and Aroma, Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, →ISBN, page 122:

The member of staff at a restaurant who keeps the wine cellar and advises the guests on a choice of wines; a wine steward / stewardess, a wine waiter / waitress / server.

սոմելիե

wine steward / stewardess, wine waiter / waitress


nit nurse

(British, dated) A nurse who periodically checked schoolchildren's hair for lice.


lumberjack

He's a lumberjack and he's OK / He sleeps all night and works all day / I cut down trees, I eat my lunch / I go to the lavatory

1975 [1969], “The Lumberjack Song”, performed by Monty Python:


medicine man

Probably a calque of Ojibwe mashkikiiwinini (“doctor”), from mashkiki (“medicine”) + inini (“man”).

cal

And the Jossakeeds, the Prophets,
The Wabenos, the Magicians,
And the Medicine-men, the Medas,
Painted upon bark and deer-skin
Figures for the songs they chanted

1855, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Song of Hiawatha, section XIV:

Sitting Bull is commonly thought of as a warrior. In point of fact he was not. He was a “medicine man;” which means that he included within himself the three professions of the priesthood, medicine and law.

1891, W. Fletcher Johnson, Life of Sitting Bull and History of the Indian War of 1890-’91, Edgewood Publishing Co., page 41:


compositor

From French compositeur, from Latin compositor.

Thus, when he drew up instructions in lawyer language […] his clerks […] understood him very well. If he had written a love letter, or a farce, or a ballade, or a story, no one, either clerks, or friends, or compositors, would have understood anything but a word here and a word there.

1892, Walter Besant, “Prologue: Who is Edmund Gray?”, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:

All Spaniards, we discovered, knew two English expressions. One was 'O.K., baby', the other was a word used by the Barcelona whores in their dealings with English sailors, and I am afraid the compositors would not print it.

1938 April, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter IV, in Homage to Catalonia, London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC:

However late medieval copyists were supervised — and controls were much more lax than many accounts suggest — scribes were incapable of committing the sort of "standardized" error that was produced by a compositor who dropped the word "not" from the Seventh Commandment and thus created the "wicked" Bible of 1631.

1983, Elizabeth L. Eisenstein, The Printing Revolution in Early Modern Europe, Cambridge University Press, Second edition, 2005, p. 56:

I work as an image compositor.

One who, or that which, composes or sets in order.

(computer graphics) A system that puts images together in a buffer (such as individual windows on a desktop) to generate a final display image.


typesetter

My writing all took place over weekends, and because I only lived about ten miles away, Peter would hot-foot it to my home on a Monday morning to collect a large parcel of hand-typed sheets of copy, for despatch to the typesetters.

2023 January 25, Howard Johnston, “Peter Kelly: August 2 1944-December 28 2022”, in RAIL, number 975, page 47:

(historical) A person who sets type; an employee in a printshop who manually selected pieces of movable type and assembled them for printing.


art historian

When Cunk critiques “What the fuck is this?” while standing in front of an art historian and Pieter Bruegel the Elder’s Triumph of Death, she might as well be a TikTok user complaining about the “point” of contemporary art.

2025 January 3, Christina Izzo, “Cunk On Life is brilliantly funny (and depressingly timely)”, in AV Club:


Africanist

The ANC was criticized by a number of Africanist members who accused the leadership of protecting the interests of the landlords at the expense of the tenants.

1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, London: Abacus, published 2010, page 194:

An African nationalist; someone who subscribes to the doctrine of Africanism.


caver

Pam has been caving for 25 years. She and her husband Tim are among the top cavers in the country. They are passionate about the world hidden beneath our feet and they were to be my instructors and guides on my first ever foray below ground that didn't involve getting on the tube.

2007 September 29, Kate Humble, “What lies beneath”, in The Guardian:


speleologist

Under this heading M. E. A. Martel, the distinguished speleologist or cave-explorer of Europe, whose researches have recently added considerably to our knowledge of the Adelsberg grotto, furnishes to La Nature an interesting account of the episode in the Lueg-Loch or Lur-Loch, near the Styrian capital, which so nearly resulted fatally to the seven members of the Höhlenforscher—Fasching, Fölzmann, Zweyer, Oswald, Maier, Kurz and Haidt—who, on the 28th of April, attempted the exploration of the lost passage of the Semriach.

1894 January, “A subterranean drama”, in Around the World, volume 1, number 2:

The first man known to have descended Gaping Gill is well known on the Continent as an expert cave-explorer or speleologist — to use the new term which he perhaps invented.

1895, Joseph Baron, Ribble-land: A Glance at Its Scenery, History and Legendary Lore, page 185:

The biography of Robert de joly, a famous French speleologist who spent his life exploring caves, revealed an experience in which he stumbled into some cave areas high in carbon dioxide (CO₂) and developed a severe headache lasting twenty-four hours.

2010, Paul G. Bahn, Prehistoric Rock Art: Polemics and Progress:

A person who studies or explores caves or studies the science of speleology.


pole dancer

A performer who dances and acts out acrobatics on a vertical pole.


agronomist

/əˈɡɹɒnəmɪst/

/əˈɡɹɑːnəmɪst/

A scientist whose speciality is agronomy.


photog

(informal) A photographer, especially a professional one.


busboy

(US) An assistant waiter; one who clears plates from and cleans tables.


doughy

The manufactory of sugar is generally in German hands. An attempt has, I believe, been made by Parisian “doughies” to establish a footing in London; […]

1873, The Gentleman's Magazine and Historical Review, page 698:


taoiseach

en-noun

taoiseach (plural taoiseachs or taoisigh)

The only leader of the 1916 Easter rebellion to escape hanging, [Éamon d]e Valera lost the civil war, then won elections that made him taoiseach (prime minister) for 19 years.

1954 May 31, “The Taoiseach Falls: De Valera Nears the End of Long Political Trail”, in Henry R[obinson] Luce, editor, Life, volume 36, number 22, Chicago, Ill., New York, N.Y.: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 29, column 1:

Despite the attacks, 'the boss', as [Charles] Haughey was to become known, was elected taoiseach by 82 votes to 62. However, he was a taoiseach with strong opposition from within his own party.

2003, Dermot Keogh, “Ireland, 1972–84”, in J[acqueline] R. Hill, editor, A New History of Ireland, volumes VII (Ireland 1921–84), Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 379:

For three centuries, the fabled Round Room in Dublin's Mansion House has been the site of some of Ireland's most important gatherings. British monarchs and Irish taoiseachs, a Catholic pope and a Protestant terrorist, all have walked its halls.

2010, David J. Lynch, “Money is Just Evidence”, in When the Luck of the Irish Ran Out: The World’s Most Resilient Country and Its Struggle to Rise Again, New York, N.Y., Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, page 175:

He [Charles Haughey] was determined to seize the initiative, to paint a picture of a taoiseach forging ahead with a bold new strategy in relation to Northern Ireland – a leader, driven by an inner crusade to transform the landscape of Anglo-Irish relations.

2016, Stephen Kelly, “The Haughey—Thatcher Relationship: The Anglo-Irish Summit Meeting, May 1980”, in ‘A Failed Political Entity’: Charles Haughey and the Northern Ireland Question 1945–1992, Newbridge, County Kildare, Ireland: Merrion Press, →ISBN, page 149:

Everyone in the UK and Ireland should be afraid of a no-deal Brexit, the Irish taoiseach said, after he was accused of engaging in “Project Fear mark two”.

2019 August 1, Kevin Rawlinson, “Leo Varadkar: ‘We should all be afraid of a no-deal Brexit’”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-12-26:

Well, I was there from 1973 to 1993, working directly with five different taoisigh, at different times, of course, as secretary to the government, or Cabinet Secretary in Robert's terms—from Sunningdale to the Downing Street Declaration.

2020, John Coakley, Jennifer Todd, quoting Dermot Nally, “The Anglo-Irish Agreement, 1985”, in Negotiating a Settlement in Northern Ireland, 1969–2019, Oxford, Oxfordshire, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 173:

Alternative letter-case form of Taoiseach (“head of the government of Ireland”)


helot

From Latin Hīlōta, from Ancient Greek Εἵλωτες (Heílōtes), possibly from ἁλίσκομαι (halískomai, “to be captured, to be made prisoner”) or from Ἕλος (Hélos, “Elos”), a Laconian town.

A man who conceives and writes a great book, my friend, has done more work than all the helots that laboured on these pyramidal futilities.

1910 January 12, Ameen Rihani, “Probing the Trivial”, in The Book of Khalid, New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead and Company, published October 1911, →OCLC, book the first (In the Exchange), pages 10–11:

All wore a costume suggestive of a more tranquil and prosperous age than this — Dame Clara Butt singing, in a voice not quite so deep as Arumugam's, 'Land of Hope and Glory', the gold squeezed from tropical helots enhancing the upper-class comforts of a cold climate.

1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 611:

“In part, the blame falls on the corporate elite,” Barbara Ehrenreich wrote back in 1989, “which demands ever more bankers and lawyers, on the one hand, and low-paid helots on the other.” These low-paid helots are now unpaid interns and networked amateurs.

2014, Astra Taylor, quoting Barbara Ehrenreich, chapter 2, in The People's Platform: Taking Back Power and Culture in the Digital Age, Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN:


maharaja

/ˌmɑ.hɑˈɹɑː.d͡ʒə/

/ˌmɑ.hɑˈɹɑː.d͡ʒɑ/

/ˌmɑ.həˈɹɑː.d͡ʒə/

Borrowed from Hindi महाराजा (mahārājā). First attested in 1698.

I speak from a very intimate knowledge of their ways and habits after having spent a very happy twenty years amongst them with friends in every degree, from the Maharaja himself to some of the humblest coolies.

1909, John Claude White, Sikhim and Bhutan, pages 7–8:

Benny: Hey, T.C., what's a maharaja?
Top Cat: What's a what?
Benny: A maharaja.
Top Cat: Oh, do I look like Daniel Webster? I didn't write no dictionary.

1961 October 4, “The Maharajah of Pookajee” (2:33 from the start), in Top Cat, season 1, episode 2:

A Hindu monarch ranking above a raja, an emperor.


geneticist

From genetic (“related to genes”) + -ist (“person following a profession or interest”).

af

The geneticist said Ryan had a rare genetic disorder called mucopolysaccharidosis I, or MPS I, with a wide-range of symptoms affecting multiple systems in the body.

2017 May 13, Ashley Strickland, “Warned he would die by age 10, he just graduated college”, in CNN:

(medicine) A physician who diagnoses, treats, and counsels patients with genetic disorders or syndromes.


rear admiral

(military, nautical) A naval officer below the rank of vice admiral, originally in charge of a fleet's rear formation.


proctologist

From proctology + -ist or procto- + -logy + -ist.

The referral was to a proctologist to treat the hemorrhoids.

A doctor specializing in the colon, rectum, and anus; an expert in proctology.


staff officer

Holonym: general staff

(military) An officer who fulfills a non-combat support function, often in a headquarters or planning office.

參謀 /参谋

an officer who fulfills a non-combat support function


rikishi

From Japanese 力士 (りきし rikishi), from Middle Chinese 力士 (lik-dʐí), from Old Chinese 力士 (*k.rək m-s-rəʔ "man of great strength"), from 力 ("strength") + 士 ("man", "soldier").


fisher

From French fichet (“polecat pelt”), probably from Dutch visse (“nasty”); modified by folk etymology to resemble Etymology 1.

In many ways the fisher resembles the pine marten, possessing many of the marten's tricks and manners.

1969, Rutherford George Montgomery, The Living Wilderness, page 13:

In the southeastern United States, Krohn et al. (1994) hypothesize that the inverse relationship between captures of fishers and martens by commercial trappers may result from an interaction between competitive displacement of marten by fisher and the avoidance of areas with deep and frequent snowfalls by fishers but not martens.

1998, Thomas E. Kucera, American Marten, Fisher, Lynx, and Wolverine: Survey Methods for Their Detection, page 62:

The term "forest carnivores" denotes a smaller group of four species - the marten, fisher, lynx, and wolverine - and is only marginally descriptive, inasmuch as it excludes many carnivores that live in forests, and includes the wolverine, which can thrive in the complete absence of trees.

2003, Cynthia J. Zabel, Robert G. Anthony, Mammal Community Dynamics, page 207:

Pekania pennanti
Pekania pennanti#Translingual

Martes pennanti
Martes pennanti#Translingual

A North American marten-like mammal (Pekania pennanti, syn. Martes pennanti), that has thick brown fur.


lyricist

A person who writes the lyrics of a song.


grey ghost

* (parking inspector): Reputedly a reference to the grey uniforms once worn, the term remaining even though the uniforms have changed.

1998 July 18, Sydney Morning Herald, Grey ghosts turn a blind eye.
The council's chairman, Mr Harold Scruby, is demanding an inquiry into the grey ghost "culture" after a survey raised concerns about the threat to pedestrians of vehicles which stop illegally on crossings and no-standing or no-stopping zones.

(Australia, Melbourne, Sydney) A parking inspector, a person issuing tickets fining vehicles parked illegally or for too long.


fisherman

fisherwoman

fisher (female), fisherman (generic sense) (female)

The fisherman cast his line.

Ivor had acquired more than a mile of fishing rights with the house ; he was not at all a good fisherman, but one must do something ; one generally, however, banged a ball with a squash-racket against a wall.

1922, Michael Arlen, “3/19/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:

A fisher, a person engaged in fishing:
Any person who attempts to catch fish.


haberdasher

From Middle English, 13th century. Uncertain but may derive from Anglo-Norman habertas (“small goods”).

(British) A member of the Worshipful Company of Haberdashers, a livery company.


caudillo

From Spanish caudillo, from Late Latin capitellum, based on Latin caput, capitis (“head”). Doublet of caddie, cadel, cadet, capital, capitellum, and Kadet. More possible, from kaput and ili (iri, ür, uri: town), from Basque language. In Iberian ili is high point, high city.

doublet

For, despite all the debunking and cynicism in this generation, there still are, amazingly, trusting people around who need to believe in great helmsmen, dear leaders, fuhrers, presidents-for-life, generalissimos and charismatic caudillos.

Then there’s Mexico’s outgoing populist and wannabe caudillo, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, who is pushing a crowd-pleasing law to require all judges be elected by popular vote, including to the Supreme Court.

2024 August 13, Marc Margolis, Opinion: Want to reform the Supreme Court? These strongmen can show a thing or two, NPR:

A military dictator, especially one ruling in Spain, Portugal or Latin America.


televangelist

Pastor Walton had spent several years learning from the televangelist host of Success-N-Life, Robert Tilton, at his Bible school in Texas.

2013, Kate Bowler, Blessed: A History of the American Prosperity Gospel, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 4:

A religious minister (often a Christian priest or minister) who devotes a large portion of his or her ministry to television broadcasts to a regular viewing audience.


pathologist

An expert in pathology; a specialist who examines samples of body tissues for diagnostic or forensic purpose.


janitor

janitors (plural)
janitress (feminine)
janitrix (feminine rare)

→ Bikol Central: dyanitor

→ Cebuano: dyanitor

→ Hiligaynon: dyanitor

→ Ilocano: dyanitor

→ Tagalog: dyanitor

curator

One who maintains a collection, especially in a museum

(chiefly US, Philippines) Someone who looks after the maintenance and cleaning of a public building.

(Scotland, Hong Kong) A caretaker or custodian; someone who maintains a school building specifically and may serve other administrative roles.


zookeeper

A person employed at a zoo to attend to the animals.


machinist

From French machiniste, from machine 'machine, mechanical device', from Latin machina, from Ancient Greek μηχανή (mēkhanḗ, “machine”).

uder

A constructor of machines and engines; someone knowledgeable about machines.

A person skilled in the use of machine tools for fashioning metal parts or tools out of metal.

A person employed to shift scenery in a theater.


pencil pusher

“[…] I don't have her creative genius or her version. I'm a numbers man, like my father. A pencil pusher, as Amanda said.” With no balls, he added silently.

2012, Danielle Steel, The Sins of the Mother, Random House, →ISBN, page 285:

The internal investigator for the Macon Police Department had the dour, lifeless personality of a career pencil pusher.

2013, Karin Slaughter, Busted, Random House, →ISBN:

(informal, often derogatory) One who does routine office work; someone involved mainly in paperwork.

канцеля́рская кры́са f (kanceljárskaja krýsa, literally “office rat”)

черни́льная душа́ f (černílʹnaja dušá, literally “ink soul”)


roofer

Ivan, Kirill and Vasilisa are “roofers,” a loose-knit group of insanely non-acrophobic daredevils who scam and sneak their way to the tops of Russia’s highest buildings.

2014 May 6, Kevin O'Flynn, “High Times: Meet the Russian Kids Who Take the World's Riskiest Photos”, in RollingStone.com:

This year, as part of his annual “Troublemaker Award,” the startup mentor and entrepreneur decided to spotlight a Ukrainian stunt-climber -- or, "roofer" -- who struck a blow for his home nation by sticking it to neighboring Russia.

2014 September 10, Karsten Strauss, “Ukrainian Troublemaker Receives $10,000 Award For 'Redecorating' Moscow”, in Forbes:

“There aren’t many places in Latin America for the roofer to get on so our main aim was to climb Christ the Redeemer,” he said.

2015 December 11, “Daredevils capture breathtaking views atop Christ the Redeemer”, in New York Post:

Many people say that I don’t look like roofer, which is really good when I try to get into a building which is really good secured. I started roofing two years ago with some friends.

2016 February 26, “This Is What It's Like to Climb the 3rd-Tallest Building in Shanghai”, in Inverse:

A daredevil who performs stunts on tops of skyscrapers.

ру́фер

a daredevil who performs stunts on tops of skyscrapers


boy in blue

(UK, US, slang, chiefly in the plural) A policeman.


stunt double

(film, television) A type of body double: a skilled stand-in used for dangerous film or video sequences such as jumping out of a building, leaping from vehicle to vehicle, and fight sequences.


disc jockey

Disc refers to the flat, circular shape of the traditional medium for recorded music. Jockey refers to a diminutive of jock, the Northern English or Scots colloquial equivalent of the first name John, which is also used generically for “boy, or fellow” (compare Jack, Dick), at least since 1529. So, disc jockey / DJ etymologically refers to a young person playing (discs holding) music.
Coined by journalist Walter Winchell in 1935 to describe Martin Block. Appeared in print in Variety in 1941.
Previously also called record man.

coin

A person who plays, and sometimes mixes, recorded music at nightclubs, dances, parties, or some other social event; and/or as a backup musician for spoken word, or hip hop performers.

platejoggie

person who plays recorded music in nightclubs etc.


metalsmith

THE THREE DOMINANT FORMS IN METALSMITHING […] At present, there are but three basic volumetric forms dominating the work of metalsmiths, the spherical (usually in its most practical form, the domical), the cylindrical, and the cubical. […] The possibilities for further variations on them are all but exhausted, there being little chance to express new and unusual ideas within the framework of such limited choices. As a result, much of twentieth-century metalsmithing has relied on surface enrichment rather than formal development for its originality.

1978, Heikki Seppä, Form Emphasis for Metalsmiths, [Kent, Oh.]: Kent State University Press, →ISBN, page 1:

Between 1865 and 1880, the supply of German silver increased greatly, leading to an abundance of items manufactured from it and a decline in its value as a rare commodity. Southern Plains metalsmiths produced horse gear, pectorals and crosses, earrings, finger rings, other jewelry, and decorative objects with German silver.

1999, Daniel C. Swan, Peyote Religious Art: Symbols of Faith and Belief, University Press of Mississippi, page 63:

The recipe for shakudo is unknown; each Japanese metalsmith had his own secret recipe.

2024 May 16, Jill Newman, “When Form(s) Follows Function”, in The New York Times:

A craftsman fashioning objects such as tools or works of art out of various metals; one who engages in metalsmithing.


jillaroo

Blend of Jill (“female given name, colloquial counterpart to Jack”) + jackaroo.

2001, Vivienne Cleven, Bitin′ Back, author biography, title page,
She left school at thirteen-years-of-age to work with her father as a jillaroo: building fences, mustering cattle, and working at various jobs on stations throughout Queensland and New South Wales.

You can also train to become a jillaroo through apprenticeship schemes at technical colleges (such as TAFE in New South Wales) or by attending a private jackeroo and jillaroo school.

2007, Mia Balwyn, Australian Woman′s Survival Guide, page 18:

While John worked cattle full time, Rachael worked as a jillaroo part time and wrote part time. Her work saw her doing everything from cattle mustering to cleaning toilets.

2007, Allan M. Nixon, Bush Aussies, unnumbered page:

Only before daybreak was she allowed to get on a horse and do the things jillaroos are supposed to do, like rounding up cattle for the market.

2008, Sara Dowse, Correspondence: Love & Money: Quarterly Essay, number 30, page 99:

(Australia) A female jackaroo, a woman who does the job of a jackaroo.


gardener

/ˈɡɑɹd.n̩.ɚ/

/ˈɡɑːd.n̩.ə/

From Middle English gardener, either calqued or loaned from Anglo-Norman and Old Northern French gardinier.
See garden, and compare German Gärtner (“gardener”), which is equivalent to a derivative of the German cognate to English garden, Garten (“garden”), + -er.
Displaced native Old English wyrtweard.

"Ponder the fact that God has made you a gardener, to root out vice and to plant virtue." — St. Catherine of Siena

At the far end of the houses the head gardener stood waiting for his mistress, and he gave her strips of bass to tie up her nosegay. This she did slowly and laboriously, with knuckly old fingers that shook.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XIX, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

One who gardens; one who grows plants or cultivates a garden.


puppeteer

/ˌpʌpəˈtɪ(ə)ɹ/


chocolatier

Coordinate term: chocolatière

The chocolatier's gorgeous creations wooed the surrounding neighbourhood.


cosmetologist

A person who advises people (normally women) on cosmetics and other beauty treatments; a beautician.

skoonheidskundige

person who advises people on cosmetics and other beauty treatments


nephrologist

A physician whose speciality is nephrology.


hurrier

(UK, obsolete, mining) A child employed in a coal mine to drag baskets or small wagons full of coal from the coal face where it was mined, up to the surface.


housekeeper

I do assure you he is no house-keeper. I have seen him in desperate conflict with savage men, and even with His Majesty's redcoats.

1915, John Buchan, Salute to Adventurers:

(colloquial, now rare) Someone who keeps to their house; someone who rarely ventures away from home; an unadventurous person, a homebody.


truant officer

/ˈtɹʊənt ˈɒfɪsə/

/ˈtɹuːənt ˈɔfɪsɚ/

The truant officer called at the home to see why the student hadn't arrived.

An official responsible for investigating people who may be truant and compelling their attendance.


swimmer

From Middle English swimmere, equivalent to swim + -er. The dumplings are so called because they are often served in stew.


concierge

/ˌkɒn.siˈɛə̯ʒ/

One who attends to the wishes of hotel guests.

շվեյցար

one who attends to the wishes of hotel guests

(British) One who attends to the maintenance of a building and provides services to its tenants and visitors.

varmemester

one who attends to the maintenance of a building and provides services to its tenants and guests


stationmaster

The glare, the flies, while they waited, and he and the stationmaster put their heads together over the time-table, trying to find this other train, which, of course, they wouldn't catch.

1920, Katherine Mansfield [pseudonym; Kathleen Mansfield Murry], “The Escape”, in Bliss and Other Stories, London: Constable & Company, published 1920, →OCLC, page 273:

The stationmaster was an important part of the local community. Anyon Kay, in his reminiscences of Horwich in the early 20th century, remembers a Mr Horsfield as stationmaster - "a gentlemanly character who took his job very seriously".

2023 March 8, Paul Salveson, “Fond farewells to two final trains...”, in RAIL, number 978, page 54:

(rail transport) The person in charge of a railroad station, usually an employee of a particular railroad by which the station is owned, but sometimes an employee of a separate corporation, such as one owning a station used by two or more railroads.

geltokiburu

the person in charge of a railroad station


subaltern

en-adj

subaltern (comparative more subaltern, superlative most subaltern)

more subaltern (comparative)
most subaltern (superlative)

From Middle French subalterne, from Late Latin subalternus, from Latin sub- + alternus, from alter.

a subaltern officer

Two weeks after giving birth[…] she [Rachida Dati] was removed and offered no consolation prize other than the subaltern position of No 2 on the UMP's list for the next European elections.

2009 January 27, Agnes Poirier, “The fall of Rachida Dati reflects badly on the French president”, in The Guardian:

Celebrating the subversive practices of subaltern groups

2013, Isher-Paul Sahni, “More than Horseplay”, in Studies in Popular Culture, volume 35, page 81:

Of a lower rank or position; inferior or secondary; especially (military) ranking as a junior officer, below the rank of captain.


subaltern

She was an extraordinarily beautiful girl, Margaret Devereux ; and made all the men frantic by running away with a penniless young fellow ; a mere nobody sir a subaltern in a foot regiment, or something of that kind.

1891, Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC:

As a subaltern of 24, Neave was captured in the defence of Calais in May 1940.

2003 February 20, Ciar Byrne, “Colditz: remade with love”, in The Guardian:

(British, military) A commissioned officer having a rank below that of captain; a lieutenant or second lieutenant.


fishmonger

/ˈfɪʃˌmʌŋɡ.ə(ɹ)/

From Middle English fisshemonger; equivalent to fish + monger.

If he made transcendental distinctions, he fortified himself by drawing all his illustrations from sources disdained by orators and polite conversers; from mares and puppies; from pitchers and soup-ladles; from cooks and criers; the shops of potters, horse-doctors, butchers, and fishmongers.

1850, R[alph] W[aldo] Emerson, “Plato; or, The Philosopher”, in Representative Men: Seven Lectures, Boston, Mass.: Phillips, Sampson and Company, […], →OCLC, page 58:


ethnologist

The learned modern Ethnologists, however, will generally have none of this latter idea. As a rule they delight in representing early peoples as totally destitute of common sense (which is supposed to be a monopoly of us moderns!); and if the Sabbath-arrangement has had any value or use they insist on ascribing this to pure accident, and not to the application of any sane argument or reason.

1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 194:


superintendent

From Ecclesiastical Latin superintendens, a calque of Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos); thence being distantly related to English bishop.


ticket inspector

en-noun

ticket inspector (plural ticket inspectors)

This was the first long train journey I ever took, and the details remain in my memory as sharply as if they had taken place last week. Hopping on the Circle Line to King's Cross, boarding the compartmentalised train, the kindly ticket inspectors, and every station where the Grimsby express stopped (in those days it didn't go through to Cleethorpes).

2021 July 28, Christian Wolmar, “Forgotten by the railways, but ripe for the exploring”, in RAIL, number 936, page 34:

A person who checks that passengers on a train etc have a valid ticket, and marks it so that it cannot be used again.

nəzarətçi

person who checks passengers have a valid ticket


sleuth

1908, Edith Van Dyne (Frank L. Baum), Aunt Jane’s Nieces at Millville
Do ye want me to become a sleuth, or engage detectives to track the objects of your erroneous philanthropy?

“This is a great piece of sleuth work for sure, and it significantly advances efforts to understand the origin of SARS-CoV-2,” said Michael Worobey, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Arizona who was not involved in the study.

2021 June 23, Carl Zimmer, quoting Michael Worobey, “Scientist Finds Early Virus Sequences That Had Been Mysteriously Deleted”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


otorhinolaryngologist

/ˌɑtoʊˌraɪnoʊˌlæɹɪŋˈɡɑləd͡ʒɪst/

/ˌɒtəʊˌraɪnəʊˌlæɹɪŋˈɡɒləd͡ʒɪst/

(medicine) A doctor specializing in otorhinolaryngology, the study of the ear, nose, and throat.


overseer

Sranan Tongo: basya

→ Dutch: bastiaan

→ Dutch: basya

→ Dutch: officier

/ˈəʊvəˌsiːə(ɹ)/


jockey

The word is by origin a diminutive of jock, the Northern English or Scots colloquial equivalent of the first name John, which is also used generically for "boy" or "fellow" (compare Jack, Dick), at least since 1529. A familiar instance of the use of the word as a name is in "Jockey of Norfolk" in Shakespeare's Richard III. v. 3, 304. Equivalent to jock + -ey.
In the 16th and 17th centuries the word was applied to horse-dealers, postilions, itinerant minstrels and vagabonds, and thus frequently bore the meaning of a cunning trickster, a "sharp", whence the verb to jockey, "to outwit" or "to do" a person out of something. The current meaning of a person who rides a horse in races was first seen in 1670.

And the crime for which Nuncomar was about to die was regarded by them in much the same light in which the selling of an unsound horse, for a sound price, is regarded by a Yorkshire jockey.

1841, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Warren Hastings:

(dated) A dealer in horses; a horse trader.

(dated) A cheat; one given to sharp practice in trade.

(UK, crime, slang) A prostitute's client.


spokesperson

spokesperson (plural spokespersons or spokespeople)

spokespersons (plural)
spokespeople (plural)

From spoke (“past participle of speak”) + -s- + person.

af

past participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">speak</i>

News subsidies thus include making spokespersons available, producing press releases or staging pseudo-events designed to suit the media's production needs and attract the media's attention […]

2012, C. Holtz-Bacha, J. Strömbäck, Opinion Polls and the Media:

Biden and his spokespeople have proudly touted his signature COVID relief bill as a major stimulus for policing in a national context already characterized by globally unparalleled police spending.

2022 January 25, Eric Reinhardt, “How Joe Biden Launched a New Prison Boom”, in Slate:

A Police Scotland spokesperson said: “We were made aware of concern for a group of three hillwalkers who had not returned from the Aonach Eagach ridge in Glen Coe shortly after 9.05pm on Saturday 5 August.

2023 August 7, Nadeem Badshah, “Bodies of three hillwalkers recovered from ridge in Scottish Highlands”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

A person who acts as the voice of another person or a group of people.

نَاطِق رَسْمِيّ

person who acts as the voice of a group of people


Descartes

en-proper noun

Descartes (countable and uncountable, plural Descarteses)

René Descartes: A French philosopher and mathematician, who lived from 1596 to 1650.


fencer

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-fencer.wav

(slang) A person who purchases stolen goods or property from another thief.


tobacconist

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tobacconist.wav

A person who sells tobacco, cigarettes, cigars, snuff and sundry items.


diamond cutter

professional wrestling
professional wrestling

(professional wrestling) A professional wrestling move in which the wrestler takes the opponent's neck and drops them to the mat.

(baseball) A ball hit up the middle of the diamond over the pitching mound reaching the outfield.


toolmaker

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-toolmaker.wav

A skilled machinist who makes and repairs tools.


toolsmith

(computing) a person who creates utility programs


basso profondo

From Italian basso profondo (“deep bass”).

I am normally a low baritone, almost basso profundo [sic], but under certain kinds of provocations my voice disappears into the higher registers, perhaps into the bat range.

1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 40:

(music) A singer with a bass voice of the lowest range.


toxicologist

Toxicologists at the Taft Laboratory at the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) here are dosing mice with poppers to solve the baffling mystery of diseases which are killing gay men.

1982 April 10, John Zeh, “Mice Test Poppers”, in Gay Community News, page 3:

A scientist or physician who specializes in toxicology.

toxicòleg

scientist or physician who speciality is toxicology


consul

From Middle English consul, from Old English consul, from Latin cōnsul.

konsull

official who protects the interests of citizens

(historical) Either of the two heads of government and state of the Roman Republic or the equivalent nominal post under the Roman and Byzantine Empires.

قُنْصُل

either of the two highest-ranking officials of the Roman republic

early modern councilmen of southern France and Catalonia

(historical) Any of the three heads of government and state of France between 1799 and 1804.

(obsolete or historical) A councillor, particularly:

(historical) A member of early modern city councils in southern France and Catalonia.

(historical) An officer of the trading and merchant companies of early modern England.

(historical) An official in various early modern port and trading towns, elected by resident foreign merchants to settle disputes among themselves and to represent them to the local authorities.

Both we will raigne as Conſuls of the earth,
And mightie kings ſhall be our Senators.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

And many of the Conſuls, rais'd and met,
 Are at the Dukes already.

c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 312, column 1:

With kinges and conſules of the earth, which build themſelves ſolitarie places:

1609, The Holie Bible, […] (Douay–Rheims Bible), Doway: Lavrence Kellam, […], →OCLC, Iob 3:14, page 1065:

(obsolete) A high government official, generally either a coruler himself or a counsellor directly under the ruler.


skimpy

en-adj

skimpy (comparative skimpier, superlative skimpiest)

skimpier (comparative)
skimpiest (superlative)

(of a person) Wearing skimpy clothing; scantily clad.


horseman

From Middle English horsman, equivalent to horse + man.

(especially UK, agriculture, archaic) A man in charge of work horses; a teamster.


database administrator

en-noun

database administrator (plural database administrators)

database administrators (plural)
as DBA (abbreviation)

(databases) A person who is responsible for the logical and physical design of databases, and normally for all aspects of their recoverability, integrity, security, availability and performance.


database analyst

database analyst (plural database analysts)

(computing) a person who is responsible for the logical and physical design of databases


millwright

From Middle English mylle wryte; equivalent to mill + wright.

(historical) A person who designs, erects and builds mills and milling machinery.


shipwright

From Middle English shipwright, shippwright, schipwricht, ship-wriȝth, from Old English sċipwyrhta, equivalent to ship + wright (“builder”).

A shipwright is one who builds or repairs ships using whatever materials are available including, but not limited to wood, metal, plastic, and concrete. / A master shipwright is one who has learned to use his skills with precision and is capable of teaching them to others. His knowledge includes mathematics, mechanics, and the use of tool; they also include the application of imagination, ingenuity, creativity, and vision of what can be.

2008, Robert L. Smith, Never Waste the Flowers, Authorhouse, →ISBN, page 21:

A person who designs, builds and repairs ships, especially wooden ones.


wainwright

From unattested Middle English *waynwrighte, from Old English wæġnwyrhta, corresponding to wain + wright.


wheelwright

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-wheelwright.wav

From Middle English whelwryghte; equivalent to wheel + wright.

A person who builds and repairs wheels, especially wooden spoked ones.


ploughwright

(chiefly British) Alternative spelling of plowwright


sultan

sultan (countable and uncountable, plural sultans or (rare, only in certain senses) salateen)

→ Chinese: 蘇丹 /苏丹 (sūdān)

From French sultan, from Ottoman Turkish سلطان (sultan), from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān, “strength, authority, ruler”). (compare Hebrew שִׁלְטוֹן (shiltón) and Hebrew סוּלְטָן (sultán)). Doublet of soldan.

der

(card games, uncountable) A variant of solitaire, played with two decks of cards.


acarologist

Claparẻde draws and describes a lance-shaped hair on the tarsus of the first leg of the male which other acarologists have not seen.

This would be an interesting field of study offering immense scope to acarologists in the developing world.

1989, G. P. ChannaBasavanna, Neelu Nangia, “14.1 Acarology in Developing Countries - Glimpses and Prospects”, in G. P. ChannaBasavanna, C. A. Viraktamath, editors, Progress in Acarology, Volume 2, E. J. Brill, page 469:

2011, Andrew Nikiforuk, Empire of the Beetle, David Suzuki Foundation, Greystone Books, page 41,
One acarologist wrote several years ago that mites dwell "in a strange and beautiful world where a meter amounts to a mile and yesterday was years ago."

A specialist in acarology - the study of ticks and mites.


swanherd

A person who tends or herds swans; a keeper of swans.

Schwanenwärter

person who tends, herds, takes care of swans


triathlete

This is how Alzheimer's transforms encyclopedians into vegetables, how Parkinson's immobilizes triatheletes.

(athletics) An athlete who competes in the triathlon.


troubadour

From Old Occitan trobar (“to find”) via Old French troubadour. Piecewise doublet of trouveur.

Sitting in the courtroom ..., their laptops and tablets propped before them, power cables snaking through convoluted adapters, the Twitterati have sight of witnesses at all times – the troubadours, or perhaps the tricoteuses, of the digital revolution.

2014 April 24, Alan Cowell, “At Pistorius trial, Twitterati have their day in court”, in The New York Times:

“"Not a human, not yet a vampire," to paraphrase one of your contemporary musical troubadours.”

2023 August 17, Jeremy Levick & Rajat Suresh, “Hybrid Creatures” (0:18 from the start), in What We Do in the Shadows, season 5, episode 7, spoken by Laszlo Cravensworth (Matt Berry):

An itinerant composer and performer of songs in medieval Europe; a jongleur or travelling minstrel.


draughtsman

I have used my interest in several wards of the city , that the wholesome restorative above - mentioned may be given in tavern - kitchens to all the morning's draughtsmen within

(obsolete) One who drinks drams; a tippler.


commentator

In form, from Middle English commentator, from Latin commentātor (“author, inventor, interpreter, jailer”), from commentātus + -or (“-er: forming agent nouns”), from commentāri (“to ponder, to study, to write upon”), from comminīscor (“to think over, to invent”) + -tārī (“to frequently be ~ed”). In meaning, influenced by comment and commentary.

A person who makes a commentary, particularly

(media, sports) A person who provides an instantaneous description of a public event, particularly a sporting event, for a mass media audience.


illustrator

→ Japanese: イラストレーター (irasutorētā)

/ˈɪləˌstɹeɪtəɹ/

Terry is one of the best illustrators of children's books in the country.

a person who draws pictures (especially illustrations in books or magazines)


miller

From Middle English myllere, mellere, from earlier mylnere, possibly from an Old English *mylnere, from Proto-West Germanic *mulīnārī (“miller”), equivalent to mill + -er; cf. also Late Latin molīnārius (“miller”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Muller, Dutch mulder, molenaar, German Low German Möller, German Müller, Müllner, Danish møller, Norwegian Bokmål møller, Norwegian Nynorsk mylnar, møllar, Swedish mjölnare, Icelandic mylnari.
Compare also Middle English milward, mulward (“miller”), from Old English mylenweard (“miller”, literally “mill-keeper”) (> English Millward (surname)).

m+

every miller draws water to his own mill

Constable's father, a wealthy miller, operated the mill at Flatford, which still stands 1 mile south of the village.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 160, about East Bergholt:

A person who owns or operates a mill, especially a flourmill.

Any of several moths that have powdery wings, especially Acronicta leporina and moths of the genus Agrotis.


hagiographer

/ˌhæɡiˈɑɡɹəfɚ/

/ˌhæɡiˈɒɡɹəfə/

(figuratively, derogatory) Someone who writes in an excessively flattering and laudatory way about a person (as if that person were a saint).

υμνητής

someone who writes in a flattering way about a person


showman

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-showman.wav

A person who produces or presents shows as a profession, especially the proprietor, manager, or MC of a circus or variety show.


caterer

Audio (US)

1821 June 19, ”Peregrine,” The Traveller: Letter IV, in The Kaleidoscope; Or, Literary and Scientific Mirror, page 401,
It was in vain that I petitioned, appealing to our caterer, if proofs of appetite were wanting; for sick men seldom have occasion for that important person′s services.

“I say, Mr. Cribbage,” cried an old master′s-mate, to the caterer, who had entered shortly after the tea-kettles, and assumed his place at the end of the table, “what sort of stuff do you call this?”

1830, Frederick Marryat, “The King′s Own”, in The Complete Works of Captain F. Marryatt, volume I, published 1840, page 335:

There is a caterer for the table, whose sleekness of face, rotundity of person, and general air of comfortable well-being, do great honor to the cheer he provides.

1838, The Southern Literary Messenger, volume IV, page 263:

A person employed to obtain and maintain the storage of provisions, especially food.


prosecutor

/ˈpɹɑ.səˌkjuːˌtəɹˌ/

1590s, from Medieval Latin prosecutor, from prōsequor (English prosecute). By surface analysis, prosecute + -or.

prokuror

a person instituting criminal prosecution

Annie Jay was the Wisconsin government prosecutor in the trial of a man for forging his client's signature.

The evidence disclosed that the three prisoners were in a public-house together with the prosecutor, Abraham Rhodes, and that in concert with the other two prisoners, the prisoner John Dewhirst placed a pencase on the table in the room where they were assembled, and left the room to get writing-paper.

1861, Edward William Cox, Reports of Cases in Criminal Law:

It sat by mutely while Jack Abramoff, the superlobbyist, spun schemes that eroded public trust, until prosecutors had to move in.

2008 February 22, “Now a Reminder From Mr. Cunningham”, in New York Times:

prosecuting attorney
prosecuting attorney


typist

During that Sunday 42 typists in the Traffic Manager's office at Glasgow were working long hours to produce the staff duty diagrams and new timesheets for the improvised Airdrie-Helensburgh and Coatbridge-Balloch services; ...

1961 March, “Talking of trains”, in Trains Illustrated, page 131:

A person who types, a clerical worker who writes letters, etc., using a typewriter.


saddler

From Middle English sadeler, sadelere, equivalent to saddle + -er. Cognate with Old Norse sǫðlari (“saddler”).

In making saddles to run and try in, the trees of them are occasionally leaded by the tree-maker or saddler, agreeably to the directions either may receive from his employer; and a four-pound saddle in this way is made to weigh seven pounds.

1828, Richard Darvill (V.S. 7th Hussars.), A Treatise on the Care, Treatment and Training of the English Racehorse, page 219:

saddlers and spurriers would be ruined by hundreds.

1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter III, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

Someone who makes, repairs and sells saddles, harnesses etc.


oceanographer

/ˌoʊʃəˈnɑɡɹəfəɹ/

a person who studies oceanography, the science of oceans


teamster

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-teamster.wav

(US) A person who drives a cargo truck (see Teamster).


telemarketer

Someone who sells products or services by making unsolicited telephone calls.

telefonsælger

someone who sells products or services by making unsolicited telephone calls


ruddleman

From ruddle + -man. First appears in print in 1622, possibly coined by Michael Drayton.

And little Rutlandshire is tearmed Raddleman.

1622, Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion, song 23:

The traveller with the cart was a reddleman - a person whose vocation was to supply farmers with redding for their sheep.

1878, Thomas Hardy, The Return of the Native, page 9:

Someone who deals in ruddle (red ochre), usually itinerant and red-stained


business architect

en-noun

business architect (plural business architects)

someone who designs and develops a company's business architecture


domestique

Borrowed from French domestique (“domestic servant, maid”), from domestique (“domestic”, adjective), from Latin domesticus (“of the house, domestic; familiar; native”), from domus (“home, house; place of one's birth or residence, native country”). Doublet of domestic.

der

In a recent poll [Sean] Yates was voted one of the top-10 domestiques of all time, a crucial cog to any leader's Tour ambitions. […] To many casual observers, the role of domestique is not a particularly rewarding one. Yates begs to differ.

2003 July 24, Matt Majendie, “Domestique Bliss”, in BBC Sport, archived from the original on 2021-10-26:

[…] Bram De Groot, a domestique with the Dutch Rabobank team, drops out the back, one arm in the air. The team car responds instantly, swinging out of the line of support vehicles behind the peloton and racing, klaxon sounding, up to De Groot. The window opens and a hand emerges with a bidon (plastic drinks bottle). De Groot places it in his back pocket and the hand emerges with another. This one goes down the back of his shirt, and it is joined by five more. Then off he sprints to deliver them to thirsty team-mates. De Groot is one of the domestiques and this is their lot. They continually drop off, collecting bidons and sprinting back into the peloton with grotesquely bulging shirts.

2006 July 15, “Tour de France 2006: Life is rarely dull among the bottle-carriers and peloton pushers”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-03-15:

(cycle racing) A cyclist on a cycle racing team whose role is to assist the team's designated leaders (for example, by riding in front of them to create a slipstream, or to set the pace), even if at the expense of their own individual performance.

1997 Tour de France
Jan Ullrich
Udo Bölts

gregari

cyclist on a cycle racing team whose role is to assist the team’s designated leaders, even if at the expense of their own individual performance


rheumatologist

A doctor specializing in the treatment of arthritis and other ailments of the joints.


chandler

/ˈt͡ʃɑːndlɚ/

From Middle English chaundeler, from Old French chandelier, from Latin candelarius (“a candle-maker; a candlestick”), from the Latin candela (“a candle”); compare the English term candle.


deacon

Inherited from Old English diacon, from Ecclesiastical Latin diāconus, from Ancient Greek διᾱ́κονος (diā́konos, “servant, minister”).

(Scotland) The chairman of an incorporated company.


carver

From Middle English carver, karvere, kerver, kervere, equivalent to carve + -er. Cognate with Scots kerver, carver, carvour (“carver”).

She began a circuit of the dining room, peering at the baronial fireplace with its andirons the size of torture racks, and heavy oak carvers like gnarled thrones.

2000, JG Ballard, Super-Cannes, Fourth Estate, published 2011, page 215:

An armchair as part of a set of dining chairs (originally for the person who is to carve the meat).


caller

From Middle English callar, equivalent to call + -er.

(dance) The person who directs dancers in certain dances, such as American line dances and square dances.


yardmaster

Coordinate term: yardman

Each evening the Yardmaster in charge of each yard prepares a list of the freight trains (booked and special) which he proposes to run next day.

1943 September and October, T. F. Cameron, “Train and Traffic Control”, in Railway Magazine, page 265:

The London Midland Region has announced receipt of authority from the Ministry of Transport to resume the reconstruction of Stafford station and layout, interrupted at the Minister's behest; contracts have now been placed for the erection of the new station buildings and the yardmaster's office.

1961 May, “Talking of Trains: Stourton and Stafford approved”, in Trains Illustrated, page 260:

A railway employee who is in charge of a railway yard.


yodeler

One who sings so that their voice fluctuates rapidly between their normal chest voice and a falsetto, one who yodels.


jurist

/ˈd͡ʒʊəɹ.ɪst/

/ˈd͡ʒəɹ.ɪst/

(law) An expert of law or someone who researches jurisprudence.


florist

From French fleuriste, from Latin floris (“genitive singular of flōs, flower”), + -ist.


drummer

From drum + -er (occupational suffix) or + -er (relational noun suffix).

march to the beat of a different drummer

Kate is the lead guitarist, Luna is the drummer, and Izzy is the bass guitarist.


doula

Borrowed from Greek δούλα (doúla, “servant-woman”), from Ancient Greek δούλη (doúlē, “female slave”). Popularized by American anthropologist Dana Raphael in the 1973 book The Tender Gift: Breastfeeding, where the word is credited to Eleni Rassias.

der

The function of the doula varies in different cultures from a little help here and there to complete succoring, including bathing, cooking, carrying, and feeding. Whatever the doula does, however, is less important than the fact that she is there.

1973, Dana Raphael, The Tender Gift: Breastfeeding, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, →ISBN, page 24:

Rebekah Rosler, a therapist and doula, decided to leave, even though her family history in New York goes back to the 1870s, she said.

2020 June 5, Alyson Krueger, “The Agonizing Question: Is New York City Worth It Anymore?”, in New York Times:

A trained support person who provides emotional, physical and practical assistance to a pregnant woman or couple before, during or after childbirth.

տատմեր

person assisting a pregnant mother before, during or after childbirth

A trained person who provides similar support to someone who is diagnosed with an incurable condition and is receiving end-of-life care.

臨終關懷護理師 /临终关怀护理师

person assisting someone receiving end-of-life care


copywriter

/ˈkɑːpiˌɹaɪtɚ/

(marketing, advertising) A person who writes advertising copy (the text used in advertisements).