foundress

From Middle English founderess, founderesse, foundress (“female founder or builder of a city; female founder or benefactor of a religious house; (figuratively) female inventor or originator; (figuratively) a source”) [and other forms]; from founder, foundere, foundour (“founder or builder of a building, city, country, etc.; builder or endower of a church, college, monastery, etc.; benefactor or patron of such an institution; charter member of a guild; first head of a religious organization; inventor, originator; (figuratively) earliest of a class of people; (figuratively) a source”) + -esse (“suffix forming female forms of words”). Foundour is derived from Anglo-Norman fundur, Old French fondeor, fondeur (“creator, instigator, founder”) (modern French fondeur), from Latin fundātor (“founder”) (rare), from fundō (“to make by smelting, found”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd- (“to pour”)) + -tor (suffix forming masculine agent nouns). The English word is analysable as founder + -ess (suffix forming female forms of words).

suffix

But whether he departed without the French kings conſent or diſaſſent, he deceiued in his expectacion, and in maner in diſpaire, retourned againe to the Lady Margaret his firſt fooliſh foundreſſe.

1569, Richard Grafton, “Henry the Seuenth”, in A Chronicle at Large and Meere History of the Affayres of Englande […], volume II, London: […] Henry Denham, […], for Richarde Tottle and Humffrey Toye, →OCLC, page 898:

Forgetfull of himſelfe, his bearth, his Country, friends, and all, / And onely minding (vvhom he miſt) the Foundreſſe of his thrall.

1602, William Warner, “The Fourth Booke. Chapter XX.”, in Albions England. A Continued Historie of the Same Kingdome, from the Originals of the First Inhabitants thereof: […], 5th edition, London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant for George Potter, […], →OCLC, page 94:

He humbly louted in meeke lovvlineſſe, / And ſeemely vvelcome for her did prepare: / For of their order ſhe vvas Patroneſſe, / Albe Chariſſa vvere their chiefeſt foundereſſe.

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto X”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 44, page 147:

This VVoman conceiving there vvas not already Sects enough amongſt Chriſtians, had it in her Head to make another. And moreover, Perſons of her Sex having not been accuſtomed to be Foundreſſes of Religions, ſhe thought that hers vvould make her conſiderable in the VVorld by the ſingularity of its Original.

1689, [Pierre] Jurieu, “An Article of Controversie. Reflections on a Writing Newly Sent to the Churches of France. A Continuation of the Matter Concerning the Unity of the Church.”, in [anonymous], transl., The Pastoral Letters of the Incomparable Jurieu, Directed to the Protestants in France Groaning under the Babylonish Tyranny, Translated: […], London: […] T. Fabian, […]; and J. Hindmarsh […], →OCLC, page 144:

For zeal like her's her ſervants vvere too ſlovv; / She vvas the firſt, vvhere need requir'd, to go; / Herſelf the foundreſs and attendant too.

c. 1691 (date written), John Dryden, “Eleonora: A Panegyrical Poem, Dedicated to the Memory of the Late Countess of Abingdon”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume II, London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, →OCLC, page 233:

[I]f he had been acquainted vvith the names of the many foundreſſes and benefactreſſes in our tvvo univerſities, he vvould not have advanced ſo great an untruth.

1766, “PEMBROKE, (Mary Sidney, countess of)”, in Biographium Fæmineum. The Female Worthies: Or, Memoirs of the Most Illustrious Ladies, of All Ages and Nations, […], volume II, London: […] S. Crowder, […], →OCLC, page 191:

[I]n death repose, / For her, the founderess of the shrine, / That holocaust to wrath divine, / Not only error to atone, / But grateful homage for a throne!— […]

1859, H[arriet] M[ary] Carey, Matilda of Normandy. A Poetical Tribute to the Imperial Academy of Caen, London: Saunders & Otley, […], →OCLC, page 70:

She [Anne Geneviève de Bourbon] was one of the early founderesses of those literary gatherings which attained such renown in the Hôtel de Rambouillet, and lavished her bounties freely among a crew of poetasters, whom she naïvely thought sublime.

1873 June, “The French Press. I. First Period. The French Press, from Its Foundation to the Death of Mazarin.”, in The Cornhill Magazine, volume XXVII, number 162, London: Smith, Elder & Co., […], →OCLC, section IV, page 726:

Miss Sellon, the foundress of English sisterhoods, adopted and brought up in her convent at Devonport a little Irish waif who had been made an orphan by the outbreak of cholera in 1849.

1897, [George William Erskine Russell], “Children”, in Collections & Recollections […], London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], published 1898, →OCLC, page 431:

Saint Brigid is one of the great figures in the epoch immediately succeeding the first coming of the Word. She was the foundress of a school of religious teaching for women at Kildare, or Killdara, "The Church of the Oak-woods," whose name still records her work.

1902, Charles Johnston, “The Saints and Scholars. a.d. 493–750.”, in Ireland Historic and Picturesque, Philadelphia, Pa.: Henry T. Coates & Co., →OCLC, page 210:

The method of healing of Jesus Christ and that of the foundress of Christian Science [Mary Baker Eddy] are not one and the same method, although called by the name of faith they appear at first sight to the unwary to be identical.

1904, John H[enry] Stapleton, “Christian Science”, in Moral Briefs. A Concise, Reasoned and Popular Exposition of Catholic Morals, New York, N.Y., Cincinnati, Oh.: Benziger Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 125:

Where is our highly honourworthy salutable spouse-founderess?

1939 May 4, James Joyce, Finnegans Wake, London: Faber and Faber Limited, →OCLC; republished London: Faber & Faber Limited, 1960, →OCLC, part II, page 244:

Their doctrines are eclectic and simple and, unlike the ministers of established schools, the founders (or more frequently the founderesses) make claim to unusual spiritual power in divination, sorcery, and faith healing.

1991, Minoru Kiyota, “Japan’s New Religions (1945–65): Secularization or Spiritualization?”, in Leslie S. Kawamura, editor, The Bodhisattva Doctrine in Buddhism (SR Supplements; 10), Waterloo, Ont.: [F]or the Canadian Corporation for Studies in Religion by Wilfrid Laurier University Press, →ISBN, page 203:

Francis [of Assisi]'s own unlovely tunic, and that of his female colleague Clare, foundress of parallel communities for women, are lovingly preserved and displayed by the nuns of St Clare in Assisi, so amid the stateliness and beauty of Clare's thirteenth-century basilica, there is a perpetual reminder of what it means to live like the destitute.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, “A Church for All People? (1100–1300)”, in A History of Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years, Allen Lane, Penguin Books, →ISBN, part IV (The Unpredictable Rise of Rome (300–1300), page 404:

(dated) A female founder (“one who founds or establishes”).

perustajatar

[T]he comparison of multiple inseminations and multiple foundress associations showed that the number of foundresses, a component of migration structure, affects the potential for social evolution more strongly than the number of inseminations per foundress, a component of the mating structure.

1987, Michael J. Wade, Felix J. Breden, “Kin Selection in Complex Groups: Mating Structure, Migration Structure, and the Evolution of Social Behaviors”, in B. Diane Chepko-Sade, Zuleyma Tang Halpin, editors, Mammalian Dispersal Patterns: The Effect of Social Structure on Population Genetics, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, part V (Mathematical Models of Population Structure), page 281:

When two [European paper wasp] foundresses meet at the nest site after hibernation, the foundress with the higher corpus allatum activity usually becomes dominant.

1991, Peter-Frank Röseler, “Reproductive Competition during Colony Establishment”, in Kenneth G. Ross, Robert W. Matthews, editors, The Social Biology of Wasps, Ithaca, N.Y., London: Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, →ISBN, figure 9.4 caption, page 329:

Like many vertebrate cooperative breeders, foundress associations of paper wasps are composed of individuals of varying relatedness (typically full sisters, cousins, and unrelated individuals;[…]), […] However there is also very clear helping behaviour: subordinate foundresses hunt for caterpillars and other insect food to provision the offspring of the dominant female.

2021, Michael Taborsky, Michael A. Cant, Jan Komdeur, “Conflict”, in The Evolution of Social Behaviour, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, page 131, column 1:

(zoology, specifically) A female animal which establishes a colony.


foundress

From founder (“one who founds or casts metals”) + -ess (suffix forming female forms of words). Founder is derived from Middle French fondeur (“owner of a foundry; ironworker in charge of smelting, founder”) (modern French fondeur), from Latin fundātor (“founder”) (rare): see further at etymology 1.

der

The great bell of my heart is crack'd, and never / Can ring in tune againe, till't be nevv caſt / By one only skilfull Foundreſſe.

c. 1635–1636 (date written), Iohn Ford [i.e., John Ford], The Fancies, Chast and Noble: […], London: […] E[lizabeth] P[urslowe] for Henry Seile, […], published 1638, →OCLC, Act III, page 35:

(metallurgy, obsolete, rare) A female founder (“one who founds or casts metals”).


line manager

The manager who is directly responsible for an employee.


flenser

From Danish flense or Dutch vlensen, perhaps from Proto-Germanic *flintaz-, from Proto-Indo-European *splind- (“to split, cleave”), from *(s)plei- (“to split”)..

One who flenses (cuts blubber from a whale carcass)


Laozi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the standard Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 老子 (“the Old One, the Venerable One”).

a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step

(inexact, with 'the') Synonym of Tao Te Ching.


breadmaker

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-breadmaker.wav


big band

en-noun

big band (countable and uncountable, plural big bands)

(countable) A large dance or jazz band of 10 to 30 musicians usually featuring improvised solos by lead players, but otherwise playing orchestrated music.


crossing guard

A person who directs vehicular traffic so that pedestrians, especially students, may cross the right of way.

guàrdia del pas

a person who directs vehicular traffic — see also lollipop man, lollipop lady, school crossing attendant

iskolák előtti átkelést/átkelésnél segítő személy/alkalmazott/diák/férfi/nő


vibist

(US, slang) A vibraphone player; someone that plays the vibraphone.


stockboy

He had graduated from Cregier High School two months earlier and quickly landed a job as a stockboy at Order from Horder, a stationery store chain.

1991, Alex Kotlowitz, There are no Children Here, page 194:

Excuse me, but is this huge application necessary? Listing job experience — what experience is crucial for being a stock boy?

1991 September 19, Tim Sniffen, Tangelo Pie (comic), University of Massachusetts Amherst:

When an aunt who was an actress helped him find a job in the William Morris mailroom, where would-be agents traditionally start, the salary was not enough to support him, so he took a second job working as a stockboy at a Macy’s in New Jersey.

2009 April 19, Allen Salkin, “He’s the Man Who Sets the Table”, in New York Times:

A marvelous photograph by Fred McDarrah shows Andy [Warhol] standing among his boxes, like a stock boy in the stockroom, his pasty face looking out at us.

2013, Arthur Danto, chapter 1, in What Art Is, New Haven: Yale University Press, page 36:

A young stockman, an employee at a store stocking shelves; an entry-level retail employee.


catsitter

Still, don't you think he'd be happier staying home, with a catsitter to take care of him?

1974, Don Robertson, Praise the human season:

She loved me, my parents, my friends, her catsitters, and even visiting cable repairmen and plumbers, in whose toolboxes she liked to nap.

2004, Linda Anderson, Angel Cats: Divine Messengers of Comfort:

One who acts as babysitter for a cat in the owner's absence.

Katzensitter

one who takes care of cats when the owner is absent


dogsitter

In some towns, you can hire a professional dogsitter to come to your home...

1997, Karla S. Rugh, Miniature Schnauzers:

I have had multiple dogsitters report to me that after many hours or days of being away from home, my dog would begin to act differently...

2009, James Endredy, Shamanism for Beginners: Walking with the World's Healers of Earth and Sky:

One who acts as babysitter for a dog in the owner's absence.

promeneur de chien

one who takes care of dogs when the owner is absent


civil engineer

After all, it is undeniable that the B.R. standard coach scored highly in comparative trials with other European railway vehicles on the Continent a few years ago, so that B.R. civil engineers must share responsibility for any defects in its behaviour over here.

1960 December, “Talking of Trains: The riding of B.R. coaches”, in Trains Illustrated, pages 705–706:

An engineer who is specifically trained for and/or specialised in civil engineering.

ᎠᏟᎶᎢᏙᎯ

engineer specialised in civil engineering


groundswoman

(rare) The female equivalent of a groundsman.


dogman

From dog (“the domesticated mammal Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris”) + -man (suffix denoting someone (possibly implied male) who is an expert in an area, who is employed or holds a position in an area, or who takes part in an activity) or man (senses 2 and 3).

suffix

Every one of those dogmen has been either cajoled, bribed, or commanded by his own particular Circe to take the dear household pet out for an airing.

1899–1910, O. Henry [pseudonym; William Sydney Porter], “Ulysses and the Dogman”, in Sixes and Sevens, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page & Company, published 1911, →OCLC, page 64:

A dogman, he [John Moore] said, likes having tails wagged at him, wants to be looked up to, and tends for that reason to be quite a good leader. A catman, on the other hand, is made slightly uncomfortable by spaniel eyes and devoted tail thumpings. Dogmen seem to prefer the outdoors, adventure, jungles, deserts, and are attracted by the army. Little is heard of cats in army officers' messes or barracks.

1968, John Montgomery, “Are You a Catman?”, in The World of Cats, London, New York, N.Y.: Hamlyn Publishing Group, published 1970, →ISBN, page 11, column 1:

It is an error of modern dog men to wean puppies too soon—they should run with the bitch till six weeks old, being at the same time fed.

1893, Hugh Dalziel, Alexander C. Piesse, “FEEDING”, in The Diseases of Dogs: Their Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment. […], 4th edition, London: L. Upcott Gill, […], published 1905, →OCLC, page 12:

Abscess of the Jaw.— […] The system will require good support, and, it may be, a course of tonics, such as a grain or two of quinine, night and morning, in the form of a pill; or, using one of the Condition Pills you see advertised in this book—Clayton's, Dent's or Sergeant's—they are all good, made by dogmen for dogs, and you won't go amiss in using either of them in such cases.

1902, “TEETH”, in Al[vin] G[eorge] Eberhart, editor, Everything about Dogs […], 2nd edition, Camp Dennison, Oh.: The Eberhart Kennels, →OCLC, page 112:

Dogfights are most commonly staged in secluded rural areas such as barns or fields. […] When a contract is drawn up for a fight, the participants decide on a central location. They then contact a dogman in that area to make arrangements to have the fight at a location that he provides. […] On the day of the fight the participants and the spectators, usually members of the fraternity, which tends to be almost exclusively male, meet at a dogman’s house near the location where the fight will take place. […] This gathering of the fraternity before the event is a very important element of the dogmen subculture.

2001, Rhonda D. Evans, Craig J. Forsyth, “The World of Dogfighting”, in Alex Thio, Thomas C. Calhoun, editors, Readings in Deviant Behavior, 2nd edition, Needham Heights, Mass.: Allyn and Bacon, →ISBN, part 11 (Deviant Sports), page 333:

A man who has charge of dogs, such as a dog breeder or dog trainer; specifically, a man who trains dogs for the bloodsport of dogfighting.

koiramies

man who has charge of dogs; specifically, a man who trains dogs for the bloodsport of dogfighting

Now another important component of the skeleton is under scrutiny by some of our most respected dogmen and -women: the anatomy of the chest and the relationship between the correct rib cage and loin.

2010, AKC Gazette: The Official Journal for the Sport of Purebred Dogs, volume 127, New York, N.Y.: American Kennel Club, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 14, column 1:

Alternative form of dog man (“a man who likes dogs or prefers dogs as pets, often as opposed to liking cats”)

dog man

[T]his tradition certainly influenced that of Dog-Men (cynanthropy) and of dog-headed men (cynocephaly), […] Dog-Men, however, have historically enjoyed a much richer and more varied mythology than their lycanthropic cousins, no doubt as a result of the ambiguity of the dog itself as much as of cultural or historical trends.

1991, David Gordon White, “Hell is Other People”, in Myths of the Dog-man, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 15:

A dogman’s legs are back bent, crooked as a dog’s. Its body is covered in fine fur, and its face has a dog-like snout and ear. A dogman’s arms and torso are completely humanoid, save for the its strange paws, that are vaguely human-like, but with thick dark claws.

2002, Sovereign Stone: Bestiary of Loerem, Lake Geneva, Wis.: Sovereign Press, →ISBN, page 56, column 1:

I was interested in the Wisconsin dogman sightings, which were kind of scary, but when you started talking about the ones showing up in bedrooms I must have been agape and my hair [standing] on end.

2016, Linda S. Godfrey, quoting Matt Ballotti, “Shadow Wolves”, in Monsters among Us: An Exploration of Otherworldly Bigfoots, Wolfmen, Portals, Phantoms, and Odd Phenomena, New York, N.Y.: TarcherPerigee, →ISBN, pages 95–96:

Sightings of mysterious creatures that appear to be part human and part wolf are reported in modern times all over the world. […] Their apparent hybrid nature makes them “dogmen” or “man-wolves.” […] Reports of dogmen date to ancient times. In some cases, they were thought to be a type of debased human.

2018, Rosemary Ellen Guiley, “Introduction: An Overview of Werewolves and Their Kin”, in Rosemary Ellen Guiley, editor, Fate Presents Werewolves and Dogmen, New Milford, Conn.: Visionary Living, →ISBN:

(cryptozoology, mythology) An alleged cryptid or mythological creature that is part dog and part man; also (religion) a deity who is part dog and part man.

koiramies

You think he could barter and cheat / As vulgar diplomates use, / With the people’s heart in his breast? / […] / And filch the dogman’s meat / To feed the offspring of God?

1860, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, “Napoleon III in Italy”, in Poems before Congress, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, stanza XV, page 16:

(obsolete, rare) A man who sells dog meat.


dogman

From dog (“part of a crane that holds the items to be lifted”) + -man (suffix denoting someone (possibly implied male) who is an expert in an area, who is employed or holds a position in an area, or who takes part in an activity), from the fact that such a person would often ride on the load lifted by the crane when carrying out their duty.

Throughout 1970 there were repeated calls, particularly from Brian Hogan and Owens, for the banning of dogmen riding hooks, a demand firmly resisted by employers unwilling to hire the extra dogmen required. Accordingly, during 1972 the union embarked upon a concerted campaign to enforce the use of two dogmen on each crane.

1998, Meredith Burgmann, Verity Burgmann, “Civilising the Industry”, in Green Bans, Red Union: Environmental Activism and the New South Wales Builders Labourers’ Federation, Sydney, N.S.W.: University of New South Wales Press, published 2000, →ISBN, part 2 (A New Concept of Unionism), page 108:

The usual crane crew required for operation of the site was one crane driver and two dogmen, but the BLF insisted that the builder keep a relief crane driver and a relief dogman permanently on site.

2005, Henry Pollack, The Accidental Developer: The Fascinating Rise to the Top of Mirvac Founder Henry Pollack, Sydney, N.S.W.: ABC Books for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, →ISBN, page 243:

The only work I had done as a dogman was to use a crane on the back of a truck ‘slinging loads’ and work the crane and truck myself.

2011, Raymond D. Clements, Aussie Rogue, Bangkok, Thailand: Bangkok Book House, published 2017, →ISBN, page 59:

(Australia, New Zealand) An assistant to a crane operator, responsible for securing the crane's load and directing the operator.


molecatcher

another turn, and we are between excellent meadow-grounds, which lack only a few fat sheep, an old molecatcher and some crows.

1928, Edmund Blunden, Undertones of War, Penguin, published 2010, page 76:


zooarcheologist

Alternative spelling of zooarchaeologist


Sumerologist

For example, the Sumerologist Jacobsen places the poem in which the young Inanna, still a maiden in puberty, asks a court musician to help her compose a poem to her vulva, in the middle of the cycle, at a point in time when she is recalling the early days when she first chose Dumuzi as her spouse; yet in the poem she is clearly inquiring who will become her lover, and so I place it as part of the beginning: a poem about the virginal Inanna in meditation on the mysteries of her own vulva.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 168:

A person who studies ancient Sumer and the Sumerians; an expert in Sumerology.


bassooner

(rare, dated, now chiefly humorous) Synonym of bassoonist


man of the cloth

en-noun

man of the cloth (plural men of the cloth)


acoustic guitarist

acoustic guitarist (plural acoustic guitarists)

someone who plays, or performs on, the acoustic guitar


bass guitarist

Someone who plays, or performs on, the bass guitar.


electric guitarist

electric guitarist (plural electric guitarists)

Someone who plays, or performs on, the electric guitar.

電吉他手 /电吉他手

someone who plays or performs on the electric guitar


plastic surgeon

plastic surgeon (plural plastic surgeons)


stannator

(historical) An elected representative to the stannary parliament.

(historical) The mayor of Plympton, in Devon.


soundman

(cinematography) A technician who works with the sound recording and sound effects for films and television.


Cummingsesque

en-adj

Cummingsesque (comparative more Cummingsesque, superlative most Cummingsesque)

more Cummingsesque (comparative)
most Cummingsesque (superlative)

Reminiscent or characteristic of Edward Estlin Cummings (1894–1962), American writer and painter noted for his syntactically idiosyncratic poetry.


artificial florist

en-noun

artificial florist (plural artificial florists)

Some stores in New York are confined to the sale of materials for artificial florists.

1863, Virginia Penny, The employments of women: a cyclopaedia of woman's work:

All artificial florists are not good feather dressers. Feather dressing is an art by itself and has to be learned by apprenticeship.

1916, Thomas Oliver, Occupations from the Social, Hygienic and Medical Points of View:

Someone who makes or sells artificial flowers.


ocularist

Borrowed from French oculariste, ocular + -ist.

Even among ocularists, a close-knit community filled with many second- and third-generation practitioners, he stands out. Not only because he's one of the most accomplished (though he is) and he makes all manner of unusual eyes for horses, dogs, and prisoners (though he does); but also because he is a fifth-generation ocularist (one of his distant relatives made the first glass eye).

2005, Chris Ballard, The Butterfly Hunter, Broadway Books, →ISBN, page 52:

Someone who specializes in the fabrication and fitting of ocular prostheses for people who have lost an eye or eyes due to trauma or illness.


progger

But the 90s being the decade of guilty pleasures, it's not uncommon these days to encounter ghosts of proggers past in the least likely places.

1997 June 27, John Corbett, “Broken Wire”, in Chicago Reader:


fadista

[…]in recent years pomo fadistas have mixed it with everything from pop to chamber music.

2000 July 14, Peter Margasak, “Misia”, in Chicago Reader:


parts interpreter

parts interpreter (plural parts interpreters)

1981, South African Department of Information, South African Digest, page 12,
Mrs Marie van der Merwe, hypermarket public relations officer, puzzles a parts interpreter at the other end of the “hot line” with a question: “Why hasn′t this black painted oil filter with the silver carburettor inlet on top got a part number on it.”

I work full time as a parts interpreter, Its not physicly^([sic]) demanding but there is a fair bit of mental stress involved.

1994 November 30, lindsay, “work and diabetes”, in misc.health.diabetes (Usenet):

As a Toyota parts interpreter I have seen several that have failed shortly after the first timing belt replacement.

2000 February 17, Paul, “Tensioner replacement”, in alt.autos.toyota (Usenet):

Next I'll need an accurate description of the location and, if possible, the shape of the part in question. I make no claims in respect of skills as a parts interpreter so I'll need all the help I can get.

2003 March 10, Tony Smith, “Surf Dies again. So does any credibility Biggus ever had!”, in aus.cars.offroad (Usenet):

(Australia, South Africa) Someone who sells replacement parts for motor vehicles; a spare parts salesperson.

零件銷售員 /零件销售员

someone who sells replacement parts for motor vehicles


archaeoastronomer

(astronomy) An astronomer whose speciality is archaeoastronomy.


longshorewoman

A woman employed to load and unload ships; a female longshoreman.


areographer

An astronomer whose speciality is areography


portress

From Middle English porteresse; equivalent to porter + -ess.

(rare, dated) A female porter (person in control of the entrance to a building)


Marx

Karl Marx (1818–1883), a German political philosopher, economist, and sociologist.


sleevemaker

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sleevemaker.wav

A tailor who specialises in making sleeves.


LCpl

(military, US) Abbreviation of lance corporal.


skeletoneer

Someone who competes in the skeleton event.


checkout chick

From checkout (“a place at a supermarket where transactions take place”) + chick (“(slang) a girl or woman”).

As I set my purchases on the counter, I forget myself and slip into my old Aussie greeting and say “G′day!” to the middle-aged Asian checkout chick. She looks at me curiously but just starts adding up my purchases, then finally proclaims, “$148.76.”

2005, Melody Carlson, Fool′s Gold: Color Me Consumed, unnumbered page:

2005, Anna Krien, Trouble on the Night Shift, Robert Dessaix (editor), The Best Australian Essays 2005, page 305,
Checkout chicks are hassled into letting their family pass through the register without paying.

‘Passenger! It′s like Roy Orbison had teamed up with a checkout chick from Tesco′s.’
‘Except I′m sure some checkout chicks can sing,’ Beryl added.

2006, Ben Elton, Chart Throb, Black Swan, published 2007, page 354:

(chiefly Australia, New Zealand, informal) A supermarket cashier.


brakesman

Leisurely we moved forward--reached the head of the train--then Andrews, Brown our engineer, and Knight, who also could run an engine, leaped on the locomotive; Alfred Wilson took the top of the cars as brakesman, and the remainder of us clambered into the foremost baggage car, which, with two others, had been previously uncoupled from the hinder part of the train.

1863, William Pittenger, Daring and Suffering:

And some time after becoming naturalized, in one of his letters, he wrote that he was a brakesman on the Great Western R.R., (in Canada--promoted from the U.G.R.R.,) the result of being under the protection of the British Lion.

1872, William Still, The Underground Railroad:

The young man on the ranch later said he was tenant in charge of the place for Mitchell Robertson, who owned it, but who was then working on the train as a brakesman out of Calgary.

1921, R.G. MacBeth, Policing the Plains:

[...] their speed (which was not supposed to exceed 10 m.p.h. normally, and less when the train was heavy or the weather was bad) was regulated by brakesmen known as "bank-riders."

1942 May-June, “Cable Operation at Liverpool and London”, in Railway Magazine, page 177:

When the trains meet, the points of the loop are operated from the lineside by the trainmen or brakesmen specially carried for this job.

1959 October, J. N. Westwood, “The Railways of Canada: Part One”, in Trains Illustrated, page 500:

A brakeman; a railroad employee responsible for a train's brakes, couplings etc.


housewright

The north and west corners are indeed sometimes penetrated by the rain and require a little attention from the housewright to remedy the evil.

1828, Charles Caldwell, A discourse on the genius and character of the Rev. Horace Holley, LL. D.: late president of Transylvania University, Hilliard, Gray, Little, and Wilkins, pages 208–209:

The names of the colonial craftsmen had changed. The joiner and the turner and the housewright had become the cabinet-maker, the chair-maker, and the carpenter.

1902, Virginia Robie, Colonial furniture, in The House Beautiful (An Illustrated Magazine of Household Art), October 1902 (vol. 12, number 5), Herbert S. Stone, page 270

John Johnson resided in Woburn, Mass., and was by occupation a housewright or carpenter and owned a saw-mill in Woburn.

1914, Alfred Johnson, History and genealogy of one line of descent from Captain Edward Johnson: together with his English ancestry, 1500-1914, Stanhope Press (F.H. Gilson Company), page 63

A person who builds and repairs houses, especially wooden houses. Particularly, in eighteenth-century colonial America, a craftsman who cut timber (like a lumberjack) in the quantity required for the construction of a house, then sawed it into planks, and finally jointed and assembled them (like a carpenter).


folk singer

Alternative spelling of folksinger, someone who sings folk music.


hockeyer

Borrowed from French hockeyeur or Dutch hockeyer.

Be glad that hockeyers seem to be still allowed Pj!

1996 October 6, Pluised by Own, “Bear Hunt Update”, in alt.cuddle (Usenet), retrieved 2022-07-14:

Feh! Try rushing your 400 pounds of brute meat on a REAL* hockey player... If he manage to not break his skull by falling on the ice, we'll see if he can survive the fully trained warrior that is a hockeyer having dropped the gloves ;P

1998 June 27, Alain Cislaghi, “WOMEN!!!! (just another rant)”, in alt.gothic (Usenet), retrieved 2022-07-14:

To me, nickname (Spring)boks is referring to any South African national team. The hockeyers are often referred to as Springboks, as well as the cricketers.

1999 December 6, Mees Roelofs, “Springbok Jersey”, in rec.sport.rugby.union (Usenet), retrieved 2022-07-14:

(non-native speakers' English) A hockey player.


minnower

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-minnower.wav


barefoot doctor

barefoot doctor (plural barefoot doctors)

Derived from the practice of farmers in southern China working barefoot in rice paddies.

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

(historical) A farmer or rural resident with basic medical training who worked as a doctor in rural areas of the People's Republic of China from the mid-1960s until the 1980s, generally under a government-sponsored program.


concreter

(dated) A device for concentrating sugar syrup by boiling


sowar

From Hindi/Urdu सवार (savār)/سوار (savār), from Classical Persian سوار (sawār, “horseman”).

der

I have been laboring under the impression that, for soul-harrowing vocal effort, the wild-eyed sowars of Khorassan, as exemplified in my escort from Beerjand, were entitled to the worst execrations of a discriminating Ferenghi, but the Afghans can go them one better.

1887, Thomas Stevens, chapter XII, in Around the World on a Bicycle, Vol. II: From Teheran to Yokohama, London: Sampson Low […] :

Among the latter was Hope Grant, who had his horse shot under him in a charge, and was saved by the devotion of two men of his own regiment (the 9th Lancers) and a Mahomedan sowar of the 4th Irregular Cavalry.

1897, Frederick Sleigh Roberts, Forty-one years in India:

Hills was struck down badly wounded, and was on the point of being despatched by a sowar, when Major Tombs, hearing the noise, rushed out of his tent, and seeing the plight his subaltern was in, fired his revolver at thirty yards and killed the sowar.

1910, Charles John Griffiths, A Narrative Of The Siege Of Delhi:

(historical, India) A soldier on horseback, especially one during the British Raj.


zoarchaeologist

/ˌzəʊɑːkiːˈɒlədʒɪst/

From zo- + archaeologist, omitting the superfluous -o- (unnecessary because archaeologist begins with a vowel).

Full membership finally grew to include Vaughn M. Bryant, Jr., Thomas R. Hester, Marvin Rowe (professor of chemistry, Texas A&M University), Harry J. Shafer, D. Gentry Steele (professor of anthropology, physical anthropologist, and zoarchaeologist Texas A&M University), and Peter W. Van Arsdale.

1999, O. W. Hampton, Culture of Stone: Sacred and Profane Uses of Stone Among the Dani, page xxiv:

(rare) Alternative spelling of zooarchaeologist


tonsor

From Latin tōnsor (“barber, hairdresser”), from the supine root of tondēre (“to shave, to shear”) + -or (“-or: forming agent nouns”).

“So, tonsor,” says Jones, “I find you have more trades than one; how came you not to inform me of this last night?”

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

He was speedily shown the way to such an emporium of intelligence, and soon found he was likely to hear all he desired to know, and much more, while his head was subjected to the art of a nimble tonsor.

1822, Sir Walter Scott, chapter 27, in The Fortunes of Nigel:


MHA

House of Assembly
House of Assembly#English

(Australia, Canada) Initialism of member of the House of Assembly.


dhaki

A traditional drummer who plays the dhak.


jazzperson

en-noun

jazzperson (plural jazzpersons or jazzpeople)

jazzpersons (plural)
jazzpeople (plural)


youth worker

At the moment, she’s a youth worker with the local council, primarily dealing with teens who’ve got into trouble. “I think I can save them,” she says. “Open their eyes to uni or a job.” But she can’t save any money on two contracts, one of which is zero-hours and the other guaranteeing only nine hours’ pay a week.

2023 August 17, Aditya Chakrabortty, “Can’t pay and they really do take it away: what happens when the bailiffs come knocking”, in The Guardian:

(UK, Australia) A person who works with youngsters, to promote informal education.


vyomanaut

From Sanskrit व्योमन् (vyoman, “sky, space”) + -naut. Coined by ISRO.

suffix

(rare, chiefly India) A person who travels in space for the Indian space program; an Indian astronaut.


mastersinger

A German lyric poet of the late Middle Ages.


locoman

The evidence which I propose to give will deal with safety and health questions concerning all grades of enginemen, boilermen, and locomen […]

1937, H. M. Stationery off., Minutes of evidence taken before the Royal commission on safety in coal mines ..., Great Britain. Royal Commission on Safety in Coal Mines, page 753

The Lancashire Tradesmen's Association organises craftsmen, semi-skilled and unskilled workmen on the surface other than the manipulators of coal, enginemen, boilermen and locomen; it also organises skilled craftsmen underground, although some craftsmen are organised by the Lancashire Area, which seeks to organise all underground workers including craftsmen.

1948, Report of the National Executive Committee [to The] Annual Conference, National Union of Mineworkers:

As an ex-locoman of the steam days between 1954 and 1968, I would like to set right a misconception that is prevalent in some areas of the steam locomotive preservation movement.

2006, The Railway Magazine, volume 152, page 24:

The Crescent Road sheds had a favourite locomotive - Stanier 4MT tank engine 42626 (known by Bolton locomen as 'two half-dollars') - and the shed authorities quietly arranged for it to be put to one side for a few days, while the ardent schoolboys set to work cleaning it.

2023 March 8, Paul Salveson, “Fond farewells to two final trains...”, in RAIL, number 978, page 55:

(rail transport, dated) Someone who works on a locomotive.


logroller

Someone who logrolls; one who competes in a logrolling.


firebreather

Our new boss is a real firebreather!

(colloquial) A verbally aggressive person.


bellperson

en-noun

bellperson (plural bellpersons or bellpeople)

bellpersons (plural)
bellpeople (plural)

If so, the front desk agent should introduce the bellperson to the guest, hand the bellperson the guest's room key, and ask him or her to show the guest to the room.

1998, Michael L. Kasavana and Richard M. Brooks, Front Office Procedures, Educational Institute, American Hotel & Motel Association, page 203


archaeometrist

A scientist whose speciality in archaeometry


dayee

1855, North-Western Provinces, India, Selections from the Records of Government, Volume 3, page 184,
The custom now actually and thoroughly established, and daily practised in these villages, is the following : — On the occasion of a birth in a Thakoor family, the village dayee is summoned, and after her services have been completed, she reports the occurrence to her relative, the bullahur ; he informs the chowkeedar, who causes the necessary entry to be made in the putwaree′s diary, and, if the birth be of a girl, reports the event to the thannah.


mukhtar

From North Levantine Arabic مختار (“village headman”), from substantive application of Arabic مُخْتَار (muḵtār, “chosen”), the passive participle of اِخْتَارَ (iḵtāra, “to elect, to choose”). Specific application with influence from various local languages including Ottoman Turkish مختار (muhtar, “village headman”) and Bengali মুখতার (mukhtar), Marathi मुख्तार (mukhtār), and Urdu مختار (muktār, “agent; lawyer”). Within Indian English, the application of mukhtar is influenced by a folk etymology derivation from Sanskrit मुक्ति (mukti, “liberation, becoming or setting free”). Doublet of myftar.

myftar

A minor official in various Arab and Turkish contexts

Mukhtar Khan, the ſoubadar, who was attached to Azim Shaw, and father-in-law to Bedar Bukht, hoping to impede his progreſs, ſunk all the boats in the Jumna, and placed guards at the neareſt fords.

[1786, Eradut Khan, translated by Jonathan Scott, A Translation of the Memoirs of Eradut Khan, a Nobleman of Hindostan, Containing Interesting Anecdotes of the Emperor Aulumgeer Aurungzebe, and of His Successors Shaw Aulum and Jehaundar Shaw; […], London: […] John Stockdale, […], →OCLC, page 18:

Afterwards, when the Raja complained against us, Mr. Ogilvy issued an order to me, No. 836 of 1845, directing us not to interfere with the jumebundee matters of the Raja, who was mooktar of his territory, but only to report cases in which he or his kharbarree might levy more than the assessment; accordingly I made several reports of over-exaction, which are on the agency records.

1848 May 21, Seentakroy Anundroy, “[Charges of Bribery against Hurree Lall, Connected with the Succession of the Bhaderwa State.] Substance of a Petition from Seentakroy Anundroy, Karkoon at Jhuguria, Tahe Rajpeepla, Illaka Rewa Kanta, to the Right Honourable the Governor in Council, Dated 21st, and Received 24th May 1848.”, in Accounts and Papers: […], volumes 14, part I (East India. Baroda.—Part I.), [London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office], →OCLC, paragraph 1, page 113:

The Cypriote, like other Turkish, and, indeed, most Oriental villages, is under the charge of a head man, called a Mukhtar, assisted by a Council or Commission, consisting of three or more members belonging to a village. The Mukhtar is elected annually, and is paid by a contribution of so much per head of the population of the village. In some of the larger ones there are two Mukhtars: usually one Christian, and the other Moslem (they prefer this style to being called simply Greek and Turk).

1880, [Esmé] Scott-Stevenson, “The New Administration”, in Our Home in Cyprus, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, page 75:

On my arrival at the gate I found that the doctor was absent; but I could see the mukhtar. The mukhtar is the principal man in every Cypriote village – a kind of mayor on a reduced scale. [From St. James's Gazette.]

1884 January 12, “A Leper Farm in Cyprus”, in Littel’s Living Age, volume XLV (5th Series; volume CLX overall), number 2064, Boston, Mass.: Littel & Co., →OCLC, page 128, column 1:

The Mudîr and Mukhtar are inferior officials of the Kaimakam. The Mukhtars, properly only village magistrates, have to look after the punctual payment of the taxes, and are responsible for them.

1888, G[ottlieb] Schumacher, “Position, Extent, Limits, and Administration of the Jaulân”, in [anonymous], transl., The Jaulân. Surveyed for the German Society for the Exploration of the Holy Land, […], London: Richard Bentley and Son, […], →OCLC, page 10:

The villages comprised in the nahié shall each have a Mukhtar; if a village contains several wards, and if the inhabitants are divided into different classes, there shall be a Mukhtar for each ward and for each class of inhabitants.

[1897], N. Ter Gregor, History of Armenia (Illustrated) from the Earliest Ages to the Present Time, London: J. Heywood, →OCLC, article 16, page 223:

Leaflets in Arabic on some subjects, distributed to and through Mukhtars, might do good.

1919 October 17, “Palestine Notes”, in The Near East, volume XVI, number 441, London: The Near East Editorial and Publishing Offices, →OCLC, page 405, column 1:

The above areas [cazas, mudirieh, and villages] shall be administered respectively by Kaimakams, Mudirs, and Mukhtars. These officials shall meet periodically at the chief town of the district for the discharge of current business.

1930 May 14, “Organic Statute of the Government of the Jebel Druse, Promulgated by Decree of the High Commissioner of the French Republic, No. 3114 of May 14th, 1930”, in League of Nations – Official Journal, number 9, [Geneva]: [League of Nations], published September 1930, →OCLC, article 20, page 1129:

At Acre, 15,000 Druzes elected a six-member council comprising sheiks and mukhtars, their first official representative body since the establishment of Israel.

1950 February 27, “Druzes in Israel Elect Council”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Having done our initial assessments of community institutions, we began meeting with local leaders to gain their support of the US effort. In Iraq, we met with secular community leaders (called Muktars), local religious leaders, academic leaders from the university and city leaders from the newly selected Mosul City Council.

2004 September–October, Robert M. Chamberlain, “101st FIST Platoon in SOSO: Lessons Learned from CMO”, in Patrecia Slayden Hollis, editor, Field Artillery: A Joint Magazine for US Field Artillerymen, Fort Sill, Okla.: Headquarters, Department of the Army, under the auspices of the US Army Field Artillery School, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 34, column 1:

I encouraged people to speak with their muqtars (informal mayors of small villages or city districts) and mayors about petitioning the Provincial Government for a portion of the funds for their dilapidated community.

2008, Caleb S. Cage, Gregory M. Tomlin, “Revisionistas: An Interlude”, in The Gods of Diyala: Transfer of Command in Iraq (Texas A&M University Military History Series; 118), College Station, Tex.: Texas A&M University Press, →ISBN, part 4 (Good Things, Bad People, and the Pictures to Prove It), page 158:

He and Hal started up the hill together towards the mukhtar’s house, as the trucks rattled away from them.

2009 August, Sadie Jones, Small Wars: […], 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper, published 2010, →ISBN, page 34:

During Israel's early years, there were three distinct types of mukhtars. […] All mukhtars were monitored constantly by the security forces, who produced frequent reports on them. […] In some villages and neighborhoods there was competition for the post of mukhtar, and winning the job was itself adequate compensation for assistance offered. But other mukhtars and collaborators frequently expected more concrete returns, and security officials grappled with the subject of how to compensate collaborators from the time the state was founded.

2010, Hillel Cohen, “Beginning a Beautiful Friendship: The Rise of the Collaborator Class”, in Haim Watzman, transl., Good Arabs: The Israeli Security Forces and the Israeli Arabs, 1948–1967, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif., London: University of California Press, →ISBN, page 25:

Ahmed Jasso, the leader of the village (also known as the Muqtar) told everyone that living under ISIS would not be much different from the way life had been under Saddam Hussein.

2018, Ville Männistö, I Found Myself in Iraq, [Kolkata, West Bengal]: Living Word Publications, published 2020, page 92:

(politics) A minor official—usually overseeing a village or town—in many Arab countries and (historical) in the Ottoman Empire and its successor states, including Turkey, Northern Cyprus, and formerly Albania.

(specifically) Alternative spelling of muhtar: an elected official overseeing a village or neighborhood in modern Turkey.

muhtar

[W]e took leave, escorted to the gate by our two young friends, and thence by a nearer way through the ruins to our pinnace, by an elderly man, who said he was the Raja's "Muktar," or chamberlain, and whose obsequious courtesy, high reverence for his master's family, and numerous apologies for the unprepared state in which we had found "the court," reminded me of old Caleb Balderstone [from Walter Scott's The Bride of Lammermoor (1819)].

1827 December, “Art. VII.—Narrative of a Journey through the Upper Provinces of India, from Calcutta to Bombay, 1824–1825, […] by the late Right Rev. Reginald Heber, D.D. Lord Bishop of Calcutta.—London: John Murray, 1828. [book review]”, in The Quarterly Oriental Magazine, Review, and Register, volume VIII, number XVI, Calcutta, West Bengal: Thacker & Co. […], published 1828, →OCLC, page 197:

The Darogahs and other mofussil police officers are prohibited from employing any mokhtar or vakeel at the station of the zillah or city Magistrate, for the purpose of receiving and transmitting the salaries of the thannah establishment, or for any other purpose, connected with their public functions, except in particular cases, wherein they may be specially authorized by the Magistrate to employ a vakeel.

1850, “Section X. Prohibiting Various Irregular Practices on the Part of the Police.”, in John C[lark] Marshman, compiler, The Darogah’s Manual, Comprising also the Duties of Landholders in Connection with the Police, Serampore, West Bengal: Serampore Press, →OCLC, paragraph 100, page 28:

Very shortly after my arrival, the Rajah's Mooktar had waited on me, and requested that his master might be allowed to present himself, as he had much to say to me of great importance.

1850 May, “I. Recollections of an Official Visit to the Ramgurh District.”, in The Benares Magazine, volume III, number 5, Mirzapore, United Provinces of Agra and Oudh: […] [Orphan School Press] for the proprietors, and sold by Messrs. Thacker & Co., […], →OCLC, page 357:

The false rumours regarding the Santhals being in arms near Midnapore are said to have originated with some idle and mischievous Mooktars.

1855 October 2, “Bengal and Agra”, in The Indian News and Chronicle of Eastern Affairs, number 315, London: […] Richard Kinder [for] William Tweedie, →OCLC, page 443, column 2:

One mooktar or lawyer was sentenced by Mr. Betts, for the offence which was no offence at all, to six months' imprisonment and a fine of 200 rupees—the Act being alternative, and, in default of payment, to a further imprisonment of six months. […] Did not such a state of things as regards the ryots demand an expression of sympathy from the House?

1861 April 19, [Austen Henry] Layard, “Indigo Planting in Bengal. Question.”, in Hansard’s Parliamentary Debates, […] (House of Commons), volume CLXII, London: Cornelius Buck, […], →OCLC, column 809:

Sheikh Abed Hossein (Plaintiff) v. Lalla Ramsaran and Others (Defendants). […] The plaintiff in this case is a mukhtar of the Mozufferpore Zilla. […] Now in a case of this description where the plaintiff, who is a mukhtar of a Court, claims to be entitled to carry into specific performance an agreement alleged to have been entered into him and the defendants, which agreement savours of champerty, it is necessary that such a claim should be certain, fair, and just in all its parts.

1870 May 3, F. B. Kemp, judge of the High Court of Judicature at Fort William, “Chedambara Chetty (Plaintiff) v. Renja Krishna Muthu Vira Puchanja Naiker (Defendant). [On Appeal from the High Court of Judicature at Madras.]”, in The Bengal Law Reports of Decisions of the High Court at Fort William, […], volume XIII, Calcutta, West Bengal: […] Thacker, Spink and Co., →OCLC, footnote (2), page 516:

By section 11, Act XX, 1865, mukhtars may subject to the conditions of their certificates as to the class of Courts in which they are authorized to practice, appear and act in any Civil Court, and appear, plead and act in any Criminal Court within the same limits. They cannot plead in Civil Courts. Merely bringing a plaint to a vakil for his signature […] or standing behind a pleader and giving him information does not amount to an appearance as mukhtar in contravention of Act XX, 1865[…].

1883, J[ames] O’Kinealy, “Chapter III.—Of Parties and Their Appearances, Applications and Acts.”, in The Code of Civil Procedure: Act XIV of 1882. […], Calcutta, West Bengal: Brown & Co., […], →OCLC, part I (Of Suits in General), section 37, paragraph (b), page 68:

It was not sufficient that Thakur Parshad was the Mukhtar of the Court of Wards, and said he had authority to admit the plaintiff's right.

1896 May 9, Richard Couch, member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, “Rajah Muhammad Mumtaz Ali Khan, Plaintiff; and Sheorattangir and Another, Defendants. On Appeal from the Court of the Judicial Commissioner of Oudh.”, in Frederick Pollock, A. P. Stone, editors, The Law Reports. […] Indian Appeals: Being Cases in the Privy Council on Appeal from the East Indies, volume XXIII, London: Printed and published for the [Incorporated] Council of Law Reporting [for England and Wales] by William Clowes and Sons, […], →OCLC, page 82:

(India, historical) A person acting as an agent, particularly a lawyer.


serviceperson

en-noun

serviceperson (plural servicepersons or servicepeople)

servicepersons (plural)
servicepeople (plural)

(uncommon) A servicemember; a serviceman or servicewoman.


senatrix

From Latin senātrīx, the feminine form of senātor.

Mrs. CARAWAY of Arkansas. Mr. President, will the distinguished gentleman from Pennsylvania yield to a few questions?
Mr. REED of Pennsylvania. I yield to the Senatrix from Arkansas.

1934, U.S. Government Publishing Office, Congressional Record-Senate:

(rare) Traditionally used as a term of address for a female senator in parliamentary proceedings in some Senates like those of the United States, Canada and France .


zaildar

(India) A native officer in charge of a zail.


kiladar

(India, historical) The governor of a fort or large town in medieval India.


travel agent

A consultant who arranges personal travel and accommodation for travellers


bandoneonist

The first public concert is a performance by the Newman and Oltman Guitar Duo, Pablo Cohen and the bandoneonist Daniel Binelli on Wednesday evening.

2009 July 3, “Classical Music/Opera Listings”, in New York Times:


vuvuzelist

This is the distinguishing feature of the accomplished vuvuzelist. The vuvuzela blower lives by one golden rule: never stop blowing.

2009 June 11, “Our Bafana lads are full of tricks”, in The Star:

Not having been able to test it in more extreme conditions, we're not sure how well it would cope in, say, a stadium full of vuvuzelists - but it should hopefully lead to a good deal less shouting into the mobile on the train.

2010 June 18, Tom Phillips, “Orange unveils HD Voice, promising better call quality”, in Metro:

Demand from would-be vuvuzelists out there in Couch Potato Land is now outstripping supply, according to analysts of the short-life-cycle consumer products industry.

2010 June 18, Jonathan Guthrie, “Horn of Plenty is set to run dry”, in Financial Times, archived from the original on 2010-06-21:

Someone who blows a vuvuzela, a type of traditional South African horn.


roadworker

A worker who carries out road construction or maintenance.


shoeblack

One who cleans and polishes shoes (and boots) as an occupation.


housefather

Compound of house + father. Cognate with Dutch huisvader, German Hausvater, Swedish husfader, Icelandic húsfaðir.

The father of a family; the male head of household, or of any collection of persons living as a family or in common, as in a primitive community.


ironmaster

Thirdly, it incorporated Samuel Homfray, Richard Fothergill, Matthew Monkhouse, William Thompson, and William Forman, ironmasters, (described in the Act as intended lessees of the Tredegar Iron Works) as the Sirhowy Tramroad Company, with powers to make, at their own expense, the portion of the proposed tramroad from Sirhowy Furnaces to Nine Mile Point;

1939 September, Charles E. Lee, “The Sirhowy Valley and its Railways—I”, in Railway Magazine, page 206:


hackie

There was a taxi stand there and I yanked open the door. ‘He goes first,’ the hackie said, jerking a thumb at the cab ahead.

1953, Raymond Chandler, The Long Goodbye, Penguin, published 2010, page 9:

[…]a taxi came along and I flagged it and we got in. I told the driver, "Nine-eighteen West Thirty-fifth," and he started.[…] The poor girl didn't know what to do.[…] If she kicked and screamed I would merely give the hackie another address.

1955, Rex Stout, “Die Like a Dog”, in Three Witnesses, Bantam Books, published 1994, →ISBN, page 163:


technopreneur

/ˌtɛknəʊpɹəˈnɜː(ɹ)/

A technopreneur, the author cuts through the fog of highbrow tech-speak and shares in layman terms all you need to know about media and technology...

1993, Hsüan-ming Wang, Wang Xuanming, The practice of effective leadership: six strategies for war:

(informal) An entrepreneur in the field of technology.


demolitionist

Eventually seven days' efforts by professional demolitionists succeeded in reducing the building to debris.

2007, Bernard Wasserstein, Barbarism and civilization: a history of Europe in our time:


executioneress

Twelve umbrellas, covering as many Bo-fetiche priestesses, followed by two brass shields, a large drum, two large scimitar-shaped blades, fretted as usual, and having skulls on the hilts, eighteen Bo Kpo in red avo, six executioneresses in leopard cloths of yellow with black spots, silver horns and bracelets; a number of black affairs like Highlanders’ targets, and five flags.

1874, J. A[lfred] Skertchly, “The So-Sin Custom—(continued)”, in Dahomey as It Is: Being a Narrative of Eight Months’ Residence in That Country, […], London: Chapman and Hall, […], page 267:


lengthman

From length + -man (suffix denoting a man or person who is an expert in an area or who takes part in an activity).

suffix

Plans have already been prepared for signalboxes, lengthmen's huts, and first aid rooms. […] Lengthmen's huts are to be built in brick.

1952 February, “British Railways Standard Buildings”, in Railway Magazine, page 74:

A derailment which occurred on April 18 last between Laindon and Pitsea on the London Tilbury & Southend Line was caused by a lengthman who in a moment of aberration clipped a set of spring catch points in the derailing position, concludes Col. J. R. H. Robertson in his report […]

1961 December, “Talking of Trains: Derailment near Laindon”, in Trains Illustrated, London: Ian Allan Publishing, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 717:

I started working on the canal when I was only 14. I was a lengths man on the Shrewsbury, the canal. It was my job to cut hedges and to keep the toe path^([sic – meaning towpath]) clear.

2006 October, Mal Edwards, “Money for Old Rope”, in BBC Wales, archived from the original on 2021-04-21:

It became common practice for day-to-day maintenance to be undertaken by a number of roadmen, each appointed to maintain a length of road. This gave rise to the term, ‘the lengthsman’. Over time, greater mechanisation and centralisation replaced lengthsmen with area-based work teams, controlled from County offices and depots. […] In 2000 Herefordshire Council launched a local initiative, the ‘Lengthsman Scheme,’ to devolve some minor highway works to Parish Councils. […] Parishes are permitted to use the delegated budget to employ a local contractor to undertake the works – the lengthsman. […] Works carried out by lengthsmen can range from clearing minor storm debris discharged onto the highway, cutting back overgrown hedges encroaching on footways and verge cutting as required by the parish.

2021, “Lengthsman Scheme”, in Herefordshire Association of Local Councils, archived from the original on 2021-02-08:

(nautical, rail transport, road transport, chiefly historical) A man responsible for the care and maintenance of a length of canal, railway, or road.

ratavartija

man responsible for the care and maintenance of a length of railway or road


winetaster

One who examines and evaluates wine by tasting it.

wijnproever

one who examines and evaluates wine by tasting it


shochet

en-noun

shochet (plural shochets or shochetim or shochtim)

shochets (plural)
shochetim (plural)
shochtim (plural)

From Hebrew שׁוֹחֵט (shokhét, “slaughterer, butcher”).

uder

2001, Oliver Sacks, Uncle Tungsten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood, Alfred A. Knopf (2001), 9,
He was by profession a boot and shoe manufacturer, a shochet (a kosher slaughterer), and later a grocer […]

A person certified under Jewish law to slaughter cattle and poultry


jug band

Not only do they sing but they broadcast tunes from their "jug band," consisting of a gallon jug, as washboard and a skillet, a fiddle and a guitar.

1933 March 18, “The Southern Singers”, in The Afro-American, page 9:

A jug band, for those who haven't had the pleasure, is a band composed of unusual instruments which plays old timey jazz, country blues and folk music. The instruments in the Kweskin band, which are typical, include guitar, mandolin, banjo, fiddle, jug, washtub bass, washboard, kazoo, and penny whistle.

1968, "Jug Band: Washboard Virtuosos," Evening Independent (Florida, USA), 14 March, p. 5D (retrieved 23 Aug. 2010)

"We present to you, the jug band!" We pulled out straw hats, banjos, jugs, horrible buck-toothed dentures, and commenced to pickin' and grinnin'.

2004, Adam Copeland, Adam Copeland on Edge, →ISBN:

(music, especially US) A group of rustic musicians, specializing in bluegrass or folk music, whose instruments include empty jugs, bottles, and similar containers of various sizes which produce musical sounds when the player blows across the openings at the tops of their necks.


divemaster

A person responsible for a group of underwater divers.


noisemonger

Tomorrow’s bill has the most potential, with the veteran Japanese noisemongers Merzbow and Keiji Haino, as well as Demons, Religious Knives, Tom Recchion and Oblivia.

2007 May 18, The New York Times, “Pop and Rock Listings”, in New York Times:

(music, slang) A musician who produces noisy music.


ampelographer

Scientists are just now devising a genetic test to distinguish one rootstock from another. Until they do, the only recourse is the arcane art of ampelography, in which the vines are identified by physical appearance. Like art authenticators, ampelographers practice a craft that they would have others think is a science.

1993 October 17, Arthur Lubow, “What's Killing the Grapevines of Napa?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Thus when sampling Verdello grapevines, the likelihood of picking up a vine that really isn't Verdello is high, and the skill of the ampelographer becomes of paramount importance. If the ampelographer mistakenly identifies one of the vines as Verdello […], the DNA profile of that grapevine will be taken to be that of Verdello; this DNA profile will then be the reference DNA for that research group's databank.

2014, Ian D'Agata, Native Wine Grapes of Italy, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 21:

(oenology) A practitioner of ampelography.


warrant officer 2

en-noun

warrant officer 2 (plural warrant officers 2)

warrant officer class 2
warrant officer class 2#English

Alternative form of warrant officer class 2


regimental sergeant major

regimental sergeant major (plural regimental sergeants major or regimental sergeant majors)

regimental sergeants major (plural)
regimental sergeant majors (plural)

warrant officer class 1
warrant officer class 1

(UK, Australia, army) The senior warrant officer in a regiment or battalion, usually a warrant officer class 1.


CSM

company sergeant major
company sergeant major#English

(Commonwealth, military) Initialism of company sergeant major.


neuropsychiatrist

A medical doctor specializing in neuropsychiatry; a medical doctor dealing with disorders that have both neurological and psychiatric features.


wardress

The door opened and the wardress came in.

1993, Pat Barker, The Eye in the Door (The Regeneration Trilogy), Penguin, published 2014, page 369:


occupational therapist

occupational therapist (plural occupational therapists)

A therapist whose aim is to help clients achieve a better quality of life through work or similar occupations.


thalassotherapist

A person who carries out thalassotherapy.


skywalker

Empire State Building
Lewis Hine
New York
New York City

A particularly brave tribe of Native Americans, the Mohawks, have been called skywalkers because of their ability to navigate heights (Hill, 1987). Members of the tribe became particularly well known when they assisted with the building of the Empire State Building and other Manhattan skyscrapers. […] Their membership in these small, tight-knit groups likely promoted bravery among the skywalkers.

2004, Christopher Peterson, Martin E. P. Seligman [et al.], Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 227:

(usually figuratively) One who walks in the sky.

(specifically) A member of the Mohawk group of Native Americans; especially one who is or was involved in steelworking on tall buildings in New York City.


bottlo

My local bottlo tells me that the sales of ready-to-drinks have slightly decreased but there has been a sharp increase in the sale of 750-millilitre bottles of straight spirits.

2008, Australian House of Representatives, Parliamentary Debates Australia: House of Representatives, volume 13, page 3169:

(Australia, New Zealand, informal) A shop that sells alcoholic beverages.


archaeozoologist

(archaeology) a person who studies archaeozoology


archeozoologist

Alternative spelling of archaeozoologist


armoursmith

A person who forges armour (such as greaves, breastplates, and legplates).


Wittgenstein

Thus we might ask Wittgenstein and Phillips if the structure of family resemblance does not dissolve the dichotomy of internal/external to which their semantic and criteriologic pragmatic contextualism is connected.

2012, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Tage Kurtén, Crisis and Change: Religion, Ethics and Theology under Late Modern Conditions, →ISBN:

Ludwig Wittgenstein, an Austrian-born twentieth-century philosopher noted for the idea of "family resemblance" as that which individual objects of a sense of a term have in common.


piscator

...this was Lady Allerton, no longer the artful Miss Aubrey, who drew away poor Mary Granard's lover, but the imperious wife, who had long since taught her cautious, suspicious husband that he had been angled for by a skilful piscator, and secured by tackle the law alone could break.

1838 (date written), L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “(please specify the page)”, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […], published 1842, →OCLC, pages 246–247:

The canes themselves tower up, many of them, for more than thirty feet in height, and are at the lower joints as thick as a man's arm, though millions of lesser growth are there, to furnish fishing-poles for all the piscators alive.

1865, John William Carleton, editor, The Sporting Review:

On the other hand, the sundry species (and these represent the majority) which will take a 'personal vanity' fly always move in shoals, and a little observation will show the piscators that they bite for two reasons only […]

(archaic, formal) A fisherman; an angler.


hatchman

A prison guard charged with checking on the prisoner by looking through the hatch.


shipman

From Middle English schipman, from Old English scipmann (“shipman, mariner, sailor, rower; one who goes on trading voyages; pirate”). Cognate with Icelandic skipmaður, skipamaður (“shipman”). Equivalent to ship + -man. Compare English boatman.

inh

(obsolete) The master of a ship; shiplord.


semiologist

/ˌsɛmaɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/


Latinist

As the best plan will be to allow it to speak for itself, I here give the black-letter fac-simile, together with the original Latin without the contractions, from which it will be seen that the writer was a fair mediæval Latinist.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

A scholar who studies the Latin language.


lipidologist

Her father is an endocrinologist and lipidologist in St. Louis and an associate professor of clinical medicine at Washington University in St. Louis.

2008 January 20, “Margo Crespin, Joshua Rosenbaum”, in New York Times:

A scientist involved in lipidology, the study of fats.


YouTuber

(Internet) A user of the video-sharing website YouTube.


coleopterologist

A person who studies or practices coleopterology (the science that studies beetles).


henwife

A woman in charge of domestic fowl; sometimes used contemptuously about men.


synthesist

By taking widely disparate streams that haven't been formally in contact with each other, you become a synthesist and create new forms.

2006, Peter Lavezzoli, The dawn of Indian music in the West: Bhairavi, page 163:


turtler

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-turtler.wav


weaponeer

Von Neumann, who believed that mathematics grew best when nourished by ‘a certain contact with the strivings and problems of the world,’ became a great friend of the weaponeers.

2012, George Dyson, Turing's Cathedral, Penguin, published 2013, page 57:

(US) Someone who makes weapons, especially nuclear weapons.


RAdm

(military, nautical) Abbreviation of rear admiral.


RADM

rear admiral (upper half)
rear admiral (upper half)#English

(US, military, nautical) Abbreviation of rear admiral (upper half).


RDML

rear admiral (lower half)
rear admiral (lower half)#English

(US, military, nautical) Abbreviation of rear admiral (lower half).


brusher

Someone who brushes (any of the meanings).


private investigator

en-noun

private investigator (plural private investigators)

An agent hired by a private party for the purpose of investigation or evidence gathering.


natural scientist

natural scientist (plural natural scientists)

Becoming more aware of the progress that scientists have made on behavioral fronts can reduce the risk that other natural scientists will resort to mystical agential accounts when they exceed the limits of their own disciplinary training.

2012 January, Stephen Ledoux, “Behaviorism at 100”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, United States: Sigma Xi, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 60:

A scientist dedicated to natural science.


company sergeant major

company sergeant major (plural company sergeants major or company sergeant majors)

company sergeants major (plural)
company sergeant majors (plural)

warrant officer class 2
warrant officer class 2

(UK) An appointment in the army, the senior warrant officer in a company, usually held by a warrant officer class 2.


Basij

Transliteration of Persian بسیج (basij).


scream queen

Her [Janet Leigh's] "scream queen" status also led to cameo roles in Jamie Lee Curtis' 1998 horror sequel Halloween H20: 20 Years Later and A Fate Totally Worse than Death in 2000.

2004 October 4, “Psycho actress Janet Leigh dies”, in BBC News, archived from the original on 2016-08-02:

What makes a good scream queen? Lloyd Kaufman, whose Troma Films has distributed more than 1,000 horror films since the mid-'70s, says, "It's more than just crying and having ketchup thrown on you. You not only have to be attractive, but you also have to have a big brain. You have to be frightened, you have to be sad, you have to be romantic."

2007 April 27, Thomas K. Arnold, “Three screams for these stars”, in USA Today, archived from the original on 2016-03-04:

In short order, Friday the 13th (the first widely distributed major studio slasher flick), Terror Train and Prom Night – the latter two starring uber-scream queen Jamie Lee Curtis […]– led the charge into cinemas. With the formula nailed down – masked killer stalks and slays teenagers on a particular holiday or special event – everyone and their cousin could assemble their own cheapie horror flick and as a result, quality slumped as quantity multiplied.

2017 May 11, Peter Schorn, “Going To Pieces: The Rise and Fall of the Slasher Film: The slasher film dissected in this documentary retrospective [review]”, in IGN, archived from the original on 2016-09-15:

Confessions of a Scream Queen by Matt Beckoff (BearManor Media) is a series of interviews with actresses associated with horror films (using a very loose definition of the term "scream queen").

2011, “Nonfiction Books”, in Ellen Datlow, editor, The Best Horror of the Year, volume III, San Francisco, Calif.: Night Shade Books, →ISBN:

In this unique gallery of “Scream Queens,” you'll discover sixteen actresses who starred in bloodcurdling movies and TV shows […] The original Scream Queens were actresses in precarious, life-threatening situations—exemplified by the scene in King Kong in which the monstrous Kong "holds" [Fay] Wray in his hand while terrorizing Manhattan.

2015, Tim Foley, Scream Queens Paper Dolls, Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, →ISBN:

(informal) An actress who appears in several horror films.

кралица на ужаса

actress who appears in several horror movies


beamster

Harper's Magazine
the beamsters bending to their tasks

A workman engaged in beaming or slicking hides.


doctrix

From Middle English doctrice, from Latin doctrīx (“female teacher”), feminine form of doctor (“teacher”). The "female physician" sense is from the English doctor (which is from the Latin doctor) medical sense, analyzed as a feminine form of the English word; equivalent to doctor + -trix.

Secondly, There is a Doctrix, concerning whom I will relate unto you these most certain stories.[…]A sickly Rustick came unto her, complaining of a pain in his neck, and betwixt his shoulders. She affirmed his disease to be the Ripples in his neck, and essayed to cure him thus;[…]A Rustick woman came unto her, to get her advice concerning the Gravell, wherewith she was much troubled. The Doctrix gave her this advice, for causing the stone fall down into the neck of the bladder, You must stand leaning forwards with your two hands, upon the arms of a great chair, setting your feet far asunder; then let your Husband take a broad shovel, and give you four or five good clanks or strokes upon the buttocks with it.

1664, Matthew Mackaile, Moffet-Well, or, A Topographico-Spagyricall Description of the Minerall Wells, at Moffet in Annandale of Scotland, Edinburgh: […] Robert Brown, pages 173–174:

[…]; thus they have made Gallus their geese-god, Wendilin their sheep-god, Eulogius their horse-god, Antonius their swine-god, &c. Rochus their plague-physician and protector, Appollonia their tooth-ach doctrix, John a god of the Epilepsy, Eutropius of the Hydropsy, and Dame Catharine is lady of the mid-wives, &c.

[1664], Alexander Pitcarne, The Spiritual Sacrifice, or, A Treatise Wherein Several Weighty Questions and Cases Concerning the Saints Communion with God in Prayer are Propounded and Practically Improved, Edinburgh: […] Robert Brown, page 107:

Scold on; I thought you were a Physician. / A Doctrix for the Devil; / And all your Receipts bitter as Gall.

1693, Paul Vergerius, transl., The Royal Cuckold, or, Great Bastard Giving an Account of the Birth and Pedegree of Lewis le Grand, the First French King of That Name and Race: A Tragy-Comedy, London, page 2:

[…]the Nurse-Doctrices ordinarily cure such Patients by one night’s sweat with a half dozen spoonfuls of Poppy-water, and three or four of Plague or Treacle-water, and the most knowing of their Profession will add the bigness of a Nutmeg of Diascordium, and this to be given to any Red-gummer of twenty years of age, or thereabouts.[…]They appear either in a greater number, or lesser; of which latter the bigger are call’d by the Doctrices the Swine-pox, and the lesser the Chicken-pox.

1696, Gideon Harvey, A Treatise of the Small-Pox and Measles Describing Their Nature, Causes, and Signs, Siagnostick and Prognostick, in a Different Way to What Hath Hitherto Been Known, London: […] W. Freeman, pages 69–71:

I wish she would get the Doctrix to send a new dose to the patient she knows of, for there was a little too much of one of the ingredients in the last, which toke away the effect of the whole. […] The dose must be carefully made up, and no appearance of its comeing from any other hand but the Doctrix’ own.

1715–1745, Katherine Thomson, Memoirs of the Jacobites of 1715 and 1745: John Erskine, Earl of Mar. James Radcliffe, Earl of Derwentwater. The Master of Sinclair. Cameron of Lochiel, published 1845, page 118:

For I observe that at least two ladies (all honour and success to them, say I) have acquired the title of Doctor or Doctrix, and six more, I see, are at this moment engaged in dissecting the human subject at Edinburgh. […] Notoriously is this the case regarding the fair ‘Doctrixes,’ faith in whom appears to be ‘conspicuous by its absence’ amongst female patients.

1875, Belgravia, volume 25, pages 478–479:

One specialist asked her a grave question as to an eye case, another as to the brain, a third as to excision of the hip-joint, a fourth on tuberculosis, and so on. In ten minutes the doctrix had settled points that had taken those grave gray heads years to comprehend, and had fallen into as many pits.

In 1746 a “doctrix” was consulted in Galston about the recovery of a sick child. The “doctrix” attributed the child’s illness to a neighbour who “had a bad eye, and could not help it.”

1885, Andrew Edgar, Old Church life in Scotland, lectures, page 270:


meido

From Japanese メイド (meido, “maid, maidservant”), from English maid.

uder

Actually, the two times I was there, it was really quite dull in terms of the people wandering around. The most excitement I saw was that one candidate for Prime Minister giving a van-top speech in front of Akihabara station. Oh, and a demonstration of some RC "Tokyo Drift" toy cars out on the street. No dancing in the streets, only a very few meido (some of questionable gender >__< ), and quite a few gaikokujin.

2008 February 9, Captain Nerd [username], “Re: "Alien Jones" - "Boss" coffee ads”, in rec.arts.anime.misc (Usenet):

These meido attract customers by role-playing the part of a maid, complete with French maid-inspired outfits that are long on fantasy elements and typically short on skirt length.

2009, John Graham-Cumming, The Geek Atlas: 128 Places Where Science and Technology Come Alive, O'Reilly Media, published 2009, →ISBN, page 104:

"I like having conversations with different meidos," he explains, "but Haruki is my favourite because she's friendliest to me."
[…]
Utena, a meido with pink hair and red plastic horns, recently celebrated her fourth year at Maidolce.

2012 April 1, Dave Tacon, “Dusting off a geek fetish for all things maid in Japan”, in Sydney Morning Herald:


jazz band

(music, jazz) A musical band that plays jazz music.


love slave

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-love slave.wav

A slave whose duties include love and/or being available for sex.


reedman

In Chicago he'll hook up with reedman Douglas Ewart, bassist Yosef ben Israel, and drummer Hamid Drake, and you can bet it won't be boring.

1989 July 7, Neil Tesser, “Dennis Gonzalez Quartet”, in Chicago Reader:


repairperson

en-noun

repairperson (plural repairpersons or repairpeople)

repairpersons (plural)
repairpeople (plural)

From repair + -person on the model of repairman.

A repairman and his truck. Guess I should say repairperson. Could have been a gal under that uniform and cap.

1987 (2006), William F. Smith, "An Almost Perfect Crime", The Mammoth Book of Perfect Crimes & Impossible Mysteries

Now the chintzy nameplate is all that distinguishes his work space from those of the photocopier repairperson, diet food company, and kitchen designer down the hall.

1998 December 18, Peter Margasak, “Punk Planet's New Atmosphere”, in Chicago Reader:

As part of the settlement of a discrimination complaint filed after a 70-year-old transgendered Verizon repairperson was repeatedly arrested for using women's bathrooms at Grand Central Station in New York City, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority agreed in October to let people use the train station bathroom that's "consistent with their gender expression."

2006 December 8, Chuck Shepherd, “News of the Weird”, in Chicago Reader:

Synonym of repairer, a person who repairs things.


organ grinder

/ˈɔːɡən ˌɡɹaɪndə/

/ˈɔɹɡən ˌɡɹaɪndəɹ/

From the repetitive grinding involved in playing a barrel organ. In figurative senses, from the common 19th-century practice of training monkeys to dance to an organ grinder's music in order to perform on the street and solicit donations and spare change.

I want to speak to the organ grinder, not the monkey.

(figurative) The person who is in charge, rather than a lackey or representative; the person truly responsible for another's actions.


chaiwallah

/ˈtʃaɪˌwɒlə/

/ˈt͡ʃaɪˌwɑlə/

Borrowed from Hindustani چائے والا / चायवाला (cāyvālā); by surface analysis, chai + wallah.


protistologist

(biology, protistology) One who studies protists.


pehlivan

A Turkish wrestler in the sport of yağlı güreş (Turkish oil wrestling).


chairmaker

From Middle English chaire maker; equivalent to chair + maker.

Coordinate term: tablemaker


saraf

From Urdu صراف (sarrāf) and Classical Persian صراف (sarrāf), from Arabic صَرَّاف (ṣarrāf).

There is in euery place of the street exchangers of mony, by them called Xaraffos, which are all christian Iewes.

1598, Jan Huygen van Linschoten, translated by William Phillip, Discours of Voyages into ye Easte & West Indies, Bk. i, Ch. xxxiii, p. 66:

He sent us to receive the money from his Saraf, or banker.

1811, Carsten Niebuhr, “Travels in Arabia”, in John Pinkerton, transl., A General Collection of Voyages and Travels..., volume X, page 71:

The mâmour... till the recent reform appointing a Controller-General of Receipts, received the taxes from the saraffs.

1877, James Carlile McCoan, Egypt As It Is, page 115:

They [Armenians] prospered as our ‘Sarrafs’.

1897 July, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine, page 24:

A provider of financial services in the Middle East and in South Asia, especially (historical) during the early modern and colonial period.


mortarman

“We have seen in the last three months a significant improvement in the capability of mortarmen and rocketeers to provide accurate fire into the Green Zone and other places,” he said in Baghdad.

2007 July 27, Stephen Farrell, “Bomb Kills 25 in Baghdad After U.S. Cites Security Success”, in New York Times:


cytotechnologist

Her mother retired as a clinical instructor and cytotechnologist at the University of Connecticut Health Center in Farmington, Conn.

2009 September 6, “Catherine Rychert, Nicholas Harmon”, in New York Times:

A scientist working in the field of cytotechnology.


otologist

/əʊˈtɒlədʒɪst/

“We need to identify children early and provide them with hearing tools and training by the time they are 6 months,” said Dr. John Greinwald, a pediatric otologist at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center.

2007 September 4, Jamie Talan, “Early Action Proving Crucial to Hearing Success”, in New York Times:

Today's teenagers are siphoning dangerous levels of membrane-damaging noise directly into their eardrums, with long-term effects that otologists prophesy will be disastrous for their hearing and lead to an epidemic of middle-aged deafness in the next thirty years.

2012 Sep, Rupert Christiansen, “Quiet, Please”, in Literary Review:


suitmaker

At Z Zegna, a youthful men’s label by the Italian suitmaker, there were papery cotton parkas with oversize backpacks and some handsome striped jackets, but the many baggy shorts lent a weird weight to everything.

2007 September 11, Cathy Horyn, “Narciso Rodriguez Sets the Pace for a No-Frills Spring”, in New York Times:


charanga

Going to hear charanga, the Afro-Cuban music that uses strings, flute and a standard rhythm section, is a bit like going to see a rare ibex in a zoo: it's a wonder that it exists at all, and its existence can color one's perception of its value.

1995 February 22, Peter Watrous, “In Performance”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

The album includes plenty of songs about love and dancing that draw on vintage and recent Cuban music, from the lilting son to the elegant flute and violins of charanga to percussive rumba and mambo.

2007 September 17, The New York Times, “New CDs”, in New York Times:

(countable, uncountable, music) A traditional ensemble of Cuban dance music, and the genre of music they create.


weatherwoman

There’s Montana (Ayda Field), the sexy, slutty weatherwoman, and Marsh (Fred Willard ), the aging, politically incorrect sports commentator in loud plaid jackets.

2007 September 19, Alessandra Stanley, “Stay Tuned: Killer Bees, Hair Gel and Clashing Egos”, in New York Times:


rewriteman

This was my abrupt introduction to the system by which most of the live news is handled for the New York evening newspapers [...] Its continued use has bred up two distinct and separate types of news-specialists—the leg man, who gets the story, but rarely writes it; and the rewrite man, who writes the story but rarely gets it.

1913, Irvin S[hrewsbury] Cobb, The Saturday Evening Post, volume 185, Philadelphia, Pa., London: Curtis Publishing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 23; republished in “The Third Stick”, in Stickfuls: (Myself—To Date) (The Works of Irvin S. Cobb), New York, N.Y.: The Review of Reviews Corporation publishers; published by arrangement with George H[enry] Doran Company, 1923, →OCLC, part 1 (Getting Set in New York: In Three Takes), page 136:

Many of the changes which have taken place in the newspaper field within the last fifty years have been in the direction of specialization. At the turn of the century, for example, a reporter got his stories, wrote them, and sometimes even made up his own headlines. Legmen and rewrite men were practically unknown.

1954, Edmond D[avid] Coblentz, “Introduction: The Drift toward Specialization”, in Edmond D. Coblentz, editor, Newsmen Speak: Journalists on Their Craft, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif., London: University of California Press, →OCLC, page 125:

LEG MEN cover local events and phone the information to a rewrite man.

1973, “Newspaper and Wire Service Operations”, in Journalist 3 & 2: Naval Training Command Rate Training Manual (NAVTRA 10294-C), Washington, D.C.: Published by Naval Training Command; United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 153, column 2:

After working as a copy boy and then a reporter at The New York Journal-American, he joined The New York Herald Tribune as a night rewriteman.

2007 September 22, Robert D. Mcfadden, “James F. Clarity dies at 75; reported on crime, politics and war”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.:

[Allen] Raymond was the son of a Methodist lay preacher who traded his Ivy League, New England pedigree for a hardboiled journalistic persona cultivated over decades as a "legman," rewrite man, copyeditor, and reporter for a dozen urban newspapers, mostly in metropolitan New York.

2009, James T. Fisher, “Epilogue: Souls of the (Port) Apostolate”, in On the Irish Waterfront: The Crusader, the Movie, and the Soul of the Port of New York (Cushwa Center Studies of Catholicism in Twentieth-century America), Ithaca, N.Y., London: Cornell University Press, →ISBN, page 299:

(journalism) A newspaper reporter who crafts stories from information reported by others, such as legmen.


ukuleleist

(And also, depending on the song, a trumpeter or a ukuleleist.)

2007 September 26, Kelefa Sanneh, “Before Erasing Borders You First Traverse Them”, in New York Times:


canoer

Plain as it may be, the walkway does give kayakers and canoers, who have long clamored for access to the creek, a safe, legal launching area for the first time.

2007 September 27, Andy Newman, “Fouled Creek’s Improvement Inspires a Site for Respite”, in New York Times:


valet-de-chambre

Charles V of France
Jean Bondol
Valet de chambre


khedive

From French khédive, from Ottoman Turkish خدیو (ḫediv, ḫıdiv), from Persian خدیو (xadêw, xedêw, “lord, master, king”), from Bactrian χοαδηο (khoadēo, “lord”).

bor

The title of the hereditary monarch of Egypt from 1805–1914, nominally ruling as a viceroy of the Sultan of Turkey.


sports writer

Someone who writes about sports-related topics professionally.

體育記者 /体育记者

someone who writes about sports-related topics professionally


bread maker

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bread maker.wav

He was a bread maker and a fishmonger.

2015, John J. Thompson, Jesus, Bread, and Chocolate: Crafting a Handmade Faith in a Mass-Market World, Zondervan, →ISBN:

He was being trained to make wedding cakes and sugar sculptures although, at heart, he was a bread maker.

2015 June 16, “Bistro Le Relais dishes feature layers of flavor”, in Courier Journal:

Not to be left out, bread maker extraordinaire Eric Kayser of Maison Kayser will provide extraordinary breads to complement each cheese.

2017 February 2, Monte Mathews, “Eat Your Way Through European Cheeses At Paris' Second Cheese Day”, in The Daily Meal, archived from the original on 2022-09-30:

But now a furious row has risen, as bread makers stand accused of changing the recipe rulebook into a “cheats’ charter”.

2023 February 4, Ewan Somerville, Will Bolton, “Bakers in furious row over proper way to make a sourdough”, in The Daily Telegraph, archived from the original on 2023-03-31:


street artist

Someone who produces art in public spaces; someone who engages in street art.

街頭藝術家 /街头艺术家

someone who produces art in public spaces


beader

Bessie’s father was a milkman, and her mom was a homemaker, but Aunt Jenny was a beader.

2008 February 21, Campbell Robertson, “Puttin’ on Razzle-Dazzle, One Bead at a Time”, in New York Times:

A beader and art glass designer, she opened String Beads twelve years ago with the aim of creating a store to meet the needs and anticipate the desires of any beader.

2013, Laura Levaas, The Beader's Stash: Designs from America's Favorite Bead Shop:

The four pairs of rollers accompanying the No. 4 beader are the single bead, ogee bead, triple and triple coffee pot, as represented in the above cut.

1903, Holbrook, Merrill & Stetson, Illustrated Catalogue - Issue 114, page 809:


nosologist

Disagreeing with Iowa’s nosologist, Ms. Petersen says the lethal consequences of overprescribed or misprescribed drugs are too readily accepted as “natural” death.

2008 March 17, Janet Maslin, “The Case for Another Drug War, Against Pharmaceutical Marketers’ Dirty Tactics”, in New York Times:


pizzamaker

Pizzaiolos can be fussy, and Jim McGown, a real estate developer and self-taught pizzamaker, is no different.

2008 May 7, Florence Fabricant, “Off the Menu”, in New York Times:

Popping open a stack of dough proofing containers in their walk-in refrigerator, Mr. Federighi revealed an overlapping stack of pizza skins — what pizzamakers call dough that’s been stretched but not yet topped — that were dry to the touch, with the texture of cured leather.

2023 March 17, J. Kenji López-Alt, “Kenji López-Alt Spent 5 Months Studying Chicago Thin-Crust Pizza. Here’s What He Learned.”, in The New York Times:


cupper

(medicine, archaic) One who performs the operation of cupping.


cowkeeper

Utilisation of sugarcane tops / Although some cane tops have always been used as a roughage feed, particularly in the past by smallholder cowkeepers, they are probably the most underutilised of all sugarcane by-products. Options for the use of cane tops are feeding as fresh material; ensiling fresh and/or wilted material for future feed use; and leaving in the field to dry followed by baling.

1982, Booker Agriculture International Limited, Mauritius Sugarcane By-products Study: Main Report, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, page 17:

During the last decade, the Ministry of Agriculture introduced a series of incentives in order to increase milk production at the smallholder level. One of these incentives was the Milk Productivity Bonus Scheme that was introduced in 1993. It had the twin objectives of encouraging dairy smallholders commonly known as cowkeepers to decrease calving interval and increase milk production on their farm.

2003, Geerjanand Saraye, Rafik Fakim, “Impact of the Milk Productivity Bonus Scheme (1993-1998) on Calving Interval”, in Agricultural Research and Extension Unit reports, Réduit, Mauritius: Food and Agricultural Research Council, retrieved 2023-12-23, page 1:

(especially Mauritius) A smallholder who keeps one or several milk cows to fulfill household needs and earn some sales but is not a dairyer in the sense of running a herd of dozens or hundreds.


arboriculturist

A person who practices arboriculture; a tree surgeon.

植樹家 /植树家

a person in the practice of arboriculture


tree surgeon

A person who practises arboriculture; an arborist or arboriculturist


fishwoman

Watt was not a woman's man, but the fishwoman pleased him greatly.

1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Grove Press, published 1959, →OCLC:


algologist

/ælˈɡɒlədʒɪst/


lap dancer

"I'm making more than a brain surgeon right now," boasts one entrepreneurial "lap dancer."

1992 August 24, Sidney Urquhart, “Welcome To Houston!”, in Time:

The video shows a lap dancer burying the head of a 49ers' staffer in her bosom.

2005 June 8, "49ers acknowledge another embarrassing video, USA Today (24 July 2011)

The clubs were also hit with sleazy allegations of lap dancers doubling as prostitutes and drug taking on the premises.

2011 July 24, “Bankers revive strip club Spearmint Rhino with bumper bonuses”, in Daily Mail, UK:

A person who performs a lap dance, especially one who is employed to do so in a strip club.


mail carrier

(post) A person employed to deliver mail.


laceman

And to say the truth, there is, in all points, great difference between the reasonable passion which women at this age conceive towards men, and the idle and childish liking of a girl to a boy, which is often fixed on the outside only, and on things of little value and no duration; as on cherry-cheeks, small, lily-white hands, sloe-black eyes, flowing locks, downy chins, dapper shapes; nay, sometimes on charms more worthless than these, and less the party's own; such are the outward ornaments of the person, for which men are beholden to the taylor, the laceman, the periwig-maker, the hatter, and the milliner, and not to nature.

1749, Henry Fielding, chapter XI, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume I, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book I:


smokey

Short for Smokey Bear (“a cartoon Park Ranger”).

By the time we got into Tulsa Town
We had eighty-five trucks in all
But there's a roadblock up on the cloverleaf
And them bears was wall-to-wall.
Yeah, them smokies is thick as bugs on a bumper
They even had a bear in the air.

1975, “Convoy”, in C.W. McCall, Chip Davis (lyrics), Black Bear Road, performed by C. W. McCall:

The middle position, or "rocking chair," is so called because the drivers in the middle don't have to worry about watching for smokeys.

1977, Terry Cook, Vans and the Truckin' Life, page 27:

I was keeping an eye out for the smokeys who were no doubt hiding and waiting for unsuspecting tourists on the way in from Jacksonville.

2007, Ben W. Thompson, M'Naghten Rules, →ISBN:

Well let me tell you why I came, Crash: I need something from you, tonight. I had a four-man team for a big grab, lost one to smokies. I came looking to replace him, if you're still a badass.

2014, Nic Pizzolatto, 42:30 from the start, in True Detective, season 1, episode 4, spoken by Ginger (Joseph Sikora):

(CB slang) A state trooper. By extension, a cop, police officer.


cartman

No person shall be licensed as a cartman unless he be twenty-one years of age, and the owner of a good horse and cart, over and above all debts due by him.

1844, The charter of the village of Williamsburg, pages 60–63:

(dated) A person who transports goods or people by horse and cart; a carman.


socioanthropologist

Médina Gounass was first settled in the early 1960s by rural people flocking to the city’s outskirts, people who were not “educated in the culture of trash disposal,” said Fatou Sarr, a socioanthropologist at the Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar, who has written about the area.

2009 May 3, Adam Nossiter, “In a Senegalese Slum, a Building Material Both Primitive and Perilous”, in New York Times:


cybersleuth

For the cybersleuth, hunting evidence in the data tangle of the Internet, the problem is different.

2009 May 12, John Markoff, “Tracking Cyberspies Through the Web Wilderness”, in New York Times:

When cybersleuths traced the millions of dollars American companies, hospitals and city governments have paid to online extortionists in ransom money, they made a telling discovery: At least some of it passed through one of the most prestigious business addresses in Moscow.

2021 December 6, Andrew E. Kramer, “Companies Linked to Russian Ransomware Hide in Plain Sight”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


uilleann piper

Partial calque of Irish píobairí uilleann, or from uilleann pipes.

partial translation

Associated with The Long Note, he became its producer in 1978, in this series devoting time to documentary features, such as that on nineteenth-century uilleann piper and composer, Johnny Patterson.

1999, Fintan Vallely, The companion to Irish traditional music, page 38:

A twentieth-century master uilleann piper and mentor of many of today's finest pipers.

2001, June Skinner Sawyers, Celtic music: a complete guide, page 106:

He went on to become one of Ireland's foremost uilleann pipers [...]

2004, Claire McKenna, A Complete Guide to Learning the Irish Tin Whistle, page 41:

Uilleann bagpipes in Ireland differ from Scottish pipes in that the uilleann piper uses bellows under the arm to keep the bag full rather than blowing into the bag.

2008, Jo Sprague, Douglas Stuart, David Bodary, The Speaker's Handbook, page 157:


CDP

en:Constitutional Democratic Party (disambiguation)


inspector general

en-noun

inspector general (plural inspectors general)

A senior official responsible for inspecting conformance to the standards in a civil or military organization.


Surgeon General

Surgeon General (plural Surgeons General)

The leading public health official in a country, state, or military division.


railman

"The railman on the platform, whom I knew well, looked a bit bemused and asked what I was doing. Thinking it a silly question, I said something along the lines of 'what do you think? I'm going home to bed'.
"He then said 'but you don't live here anymore'.

2022 September 7, “Stop & Examine”, in RAIL, number 965, page 71:

There was also a belief that they had been taken advantage of - "kicked from pillar to post, the bottom dogs in the labour market because of the inherent love of railmen for their jobs", according to one NUR member.

2023 March 22, Mike Esbester, “Staff, the public and industry will suffer”, in RAIL, number 979, page 38:


coil winder

A person whose job it is to wind electromagnetic coils.


actoress

(nonstandard) Alternative form of actress


phlebologist

The blood branches out into the tissue and forms little points and patterns of discoloration,” said Dr. Luis Navarro, a phlebologist (vein specialist) and the medical director of the Vein Treatment Center in Manhattan, who treated Ms. Homa.

2009 September 10, Camille Sweeney, “Removing the Web of Spider Veins”, in New York Times:

One who works in the field of phlebology; a vein specialist.


jacksmith

August 1696, John Dryden, letter to Jacob Tonson
The celebrated watchmaker who was originally a jacksmith


lumberjill

The Paula Bunyans have permits to cut an area of ponderosa pines for spinning logs on the water with their feet, their lumberjill training for the Lumberjack World Championship.

2006, Sage Sweetwater, From The Convent To The Rawhide, page 80:

A world champion lumberjill (as opposed to lumberjack), she can chop, saw, and roll logs with the best of them, ...

2007, Andrew Vietze, Insiders' Guide to the Maine Coast, Globe Pequot, page 189:

She even felt guilty about the fact that she rather liked this idea of being a lumberjill.

Lumber Jill

member of the Women's Timber Corps in World War II


runologist

I drove on, wondering how runologists of the future would account for that isolated glyph.

1982, Ralph Blum, The Book of Runes, New York: St. Martin's Press, page 38:


life coach

A professional who helps clients to achieve their personal goals.


radiographist

Oral radiography does not differ from general radiography, and can be obtained by any good radiographist.

1913, Transactions of the Dental Society of the State of New York, volumes 45-49:


zoopsychologist

One who studies or practices zoopsychology.


Lucretius

From Latin Lucretius, name of a patrician and plebeian Roman gens, possibly from lucrum (“profit”).

A male given name from Latin of mostly historical use in English.