ear

Tok Pisin: ia

From Middle English ere, eare, from Old English ēare (“ear”), from Proto-West Germanic *auʀā, from the voiced Verner alternant of Proto-Germanic *ausô (“ear”) (compare Scots ear, West Frisian ear, Dutch oor, German Ohr, Swedish öra, Danish øre), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws (compare Old Irish áu, Latin auris, Lithuanian ausìs, Russian у́хо (úxo), Albanian vesh, Ancient Greek οὖς (oûs), Old Armenian ունկն (unkn), and Persian گوش (gôš)).

you can't make a silk purse of a sow's ear

(countable) The organ of hearing, consisting of the pinna/auricle, auditory canal, eardrum, malleus, incus, stapes and cochlea.


tongue

en-noun

tongue (countable and uncountable, plural tongues)

Australian Kriol: tang

Bislama: tang

Sranan Tongo: tongo

Tok Pisin: tang

Torres Strait Creole: tang

From Middle English tonge, tunge, tung, from Old English tunge, from Proto-West Germanic *tungā, from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ (“tongue”) (compare West Frisian tonge, Dutch tong, Luxembourgish Zong, German Zunge, Yiddish צונג (tsung), Danish tunge, Norwegian Bokmål tunge, Swedish tunga, Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (tuggō)), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s. Cognate with Old Irish tengae, Latin lingua, Tocharian A käntu, Tocharian B kantwo, Lithuanian liežùvis, Russian язык (jazyk), Polish język, Old Armenian լեզու (lezu), Avestan 𐬵𐬌𐬰𐬎𐬎𐬁 (hizuuā), Persian زبان (zabân), Ashkun žū, Kamkata-viri dić, Sanskrit जिह्वा (jihvā́). Doublet of language and lingua.

puhe

uncountable: discourse, fluency of speech

(colloquial)

He was speaking in his native tongue.

[…] that great Towre, which is so much renownd
For tongues confusion in holie writ,

1591, Ed[mund] Sp[enser], “The Ruines of Time”, in Complaints. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie. […], London: […] William Ponsonbie, […], →OCLC:

When I pointed to any thing, she told me the Name of it in her own Tongue, so that in a few Days I was able to call for whatever I had a mind to.

1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, (please specify |part=I to IV), page [178]:

To dwell on a heath without studying its meanings was like wedding a foreigner without learning his tongue.

1878 January–December, Thomas Hardy, chapter 7, in The Return of the Native […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], published 1878, →OCLC:

“You should read Spanish,” he said. “It is a noble tongue. […]”

1915, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, chapter LXXXVI, in Of Human Bondage, New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, →OCLC:

If you do not speak English I am at your disposal with 187 other languages along with their various dialects and sub-tongues.

1956, Cyril Hume, Forbidden Planet, spoken by Robby the Robot:

Many of them come from distant places and although they speak your tongue they are ignorant of your customs.

1958, Chinua Achebe, chapter 23, in Things Fall Apart, New York: Astor-Honor, published 1959, page 200:

My grandfather, accustomed to the multifarious conjugations of ancient Greek verbs, had found English, for all its incoherence, a relatively simple tongue to master.

2002, Jeffrey Eugenides, Middlesex, New York: Picador, Book 2, p. 99:


brain

brain (countable and uncountable, plural brains)

From Middle English brayn, brain, from Old English bræġn (“brain”), from Proto-West Germanic *bragn, from Proto-Germanic *bragną (“brain”), from Proto-Indo-European *mregʰnom (“skull, brain”), from Proto-Indo-European *mregʰ- (“marrow, sinciput”) + *-mn̥ (“nominal suffix”).
Cognate with Scots braine, brane (“brain”), North Frisian brayen, brein (“brain”), Saterland Frisian Brainge (“brain”), West Frisian brein (“brain”), Dutch brein (“brain”), Low German Brägen, Bregen (“brain”) (whence German Bregen (“animal brain”)), Ancient Greek βρεχμός (brekhmós, “front part of the skull, top of the head”).

ᦀᦸᧅᧈᦶᦀᧅᧈ

˙ʼoak¹˙ʼaek¹

The Ueynes are ſpred foorth throughout the whole bodie, howbeit from one welhead, that is to ſay from the Liuer: ſo be the Sinews, howbeit from the Brayne; So likewiſe are the Heartſtrings, howbeit from the Heart.

1587, Philip of Mornay [i.e., Philippe de Mornay], “That there is but Onely One God”, in Philip Sidney, Arthur Golding, transl., A Woorke Concerning the Trewnesse of the Christian Religion, […], London: […] [John Charlewood and] George Robinson for Thomas Cadman, […], →OCLC, page 18:

Irregular bedtimes may disrupt healthy brain development in young children, according to a study of intelligence and sleeping habits. ¶ Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both fared worse on mental tasks than children who had a set bedtime, researchers found.

2013 July 19, Ian Sample, “Irregular bedtimes may affect children's brains”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 34:

central nervous system
central nervous system

The control center of the central nervous system of an animal located in the skull which is responsible for perception, cognition, attention, memory, emotion, and action.

The left brain, or that which supplies and animates the right side of the body, is the most active brain, as a general rule.

1892, Benjamin Ward Richardson, The Asclepiad, London, page 357:

What is expressed in the lotus, the plumed serpent, or the staff of Osiris is the yogi's knowledge of the three brains of man. The first brain is the reptilian brain of the spinal cord, the brain of instinctive reflexes, the brain of the subconscious.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 113:

A part of the brain, especially associated with particular mental functions, abilities, etc.

A loose compartment of a backpack that straps on over the top opening.


stomach

en-noun

stomach (countable and uncountable, plural stomachs)

From Middle English stomak, from Old French estomac, from Latin stomachus, from Ancient Greek στόμαχος (stómakhos), from στόμα (stóma, “mouth”).
Largely displaced native Old English maga, whence Modern English maw.

one's stomach thinks one's throat has been cut

the way to a man's heart is through his stomach

An organ in animals that stores food in the process of digestion.

Why did you hit me in the stomach?

Sterne was his looke, and full of stomacke vaine, / His portaunce terrible, and stature tall […]

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

He was a man / Of an unbounded stomach, ever ranking / Himself with princes;

c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act HENRY 8, scene iv], page ii, line 34:

This sort of crying[…] proceeding from pride, obstinacy, and stomach, the will, where the fault lies, must be bent.

1693, [John Locke], “§108”, in Some Thoughts Concerning Education, London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], →OCLC:

(uncountable, obsolete) Pride, haughtiness.


kidney

From Middle English kedney, kydeney, from earlier kidnēre, kidenēre (“kidney”), of obscure origin and formation. Probably a compound consisting of Middle English *kid, *quid (“belly, womb”), from Old English cwiþ, cwiþa (“belly, womb, stomach”) + Middle English nēre (“kidney”), from Old English *nēora (“kidney”), from Proto-West Germanic *neurō, from Proto-Germanic *neurô (“kidney”), from Proto-Indo-European *negʷʰr- (“kidney”). If so, then related to Scots nere, neir (“kidney”), Saterland Frisian Njuure (“kidney”), Dutch nier (“kidney”), German Niere (“kidney”), Danish nyre (“kidney”), Norwegian nyre (“kidney”), Swedish njure (“kidney”), Ancient Greek νεφρός (nephrós).
Alternate etymology traces the first element to Old English *cydde (“sack, belly, scrotum”), from Proto-Germanic *kuddijā (“sack”) as the terms for testicle and kidney were often interchangeable in Germanic (compare Old High German nioro (“kidney", also "testicle”), Old Swedish vig-niauri (“testicle”)). More at codpiece.

unk

obscure

cog

[…] think of that, – a man of my kidney, – think of that, […]

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals)]:

Millions in the World of this Man's Kidney

1692, Roger L’Estrange, “ (please specify the fable number.) (please specify the name of the fable.)”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: […], London: […] R[ichard] Sare, […], →OCLC:

30th June, 1788, Robert Burns, letter to Mr Robert Ainslie
Your poets, spendthrifts, and other fools of that kidney, pretend, forsooth, to crack their jokes on prudence.

I shall not want Honour in Heaven
 For I shall meet Sir Philip Sidney
And have talk with Coriolanus
 And other heroes of that kidney.

(figuratively, dated) Constitution, temperament, nature, type, character, disposition. (usually used of people)


skin

en-noun

skin (countable and uncountable, plural skins)

From Middle English skyn, skinn, from Old English scinn, from Old Norse skinn (“animal hide”), from Proto-Germanic *skinþą, from Proto-Indo-European *sken- (“to split off”), nasal variant of *skeh₁i-d- (“to cut”). Partially displaced native Old English hȳd (“skin, hide”), from which derives hide. Unrelated to shin.
Cognate with Dutch schinde (“bark”), dialectal German Schinde (“fruit peel”); also Breton skant (“scales”), Old Irish ceinn, Irish scainim (“I tear, burst”), Latin scindere (“to split, divide”), Sanskrit छिनत्ति (chinátti, “he splits”).

hinasuna

outer protective layer of the body of a person or animal

don't sell the skin till you have caught the bear

He was a decent old skin.

PAUDI:”I fucking love the pair of ye! You’re good lads. You’re loyal skins”

2019, Joe Murragh, Colin Barrett, 54:50 from the start, in Calm With Horses (film), spoken by Paudi (Ned Dennehy):

(slang, Ireland, British) A person; chap.


lingua

Unadapted borrowing from Latin lingua (“the tongue”). Doublet of langue and tongue.

ubor

Let your lingua loiter on its salty, hard surface. When you finally crack the nut, don’t swallow it right away.

2009, Alex J. Packer, Wise Highs: How to Thrill, Chill, & Get Away from It All Without Alcohol Or Other Drugs, Read How You Want, →ISBN, page 24:

“I believe it’s from the condition he’s acquired,” she answered while moving closer to examine the elongated lingua. “You can put it back in your mouth now.”

2016, E.B. Mendel, If Frogs Could Fly, Sunbridge Books, →ISBN:

(entomology) A median process of the labium, at the underside of the mouth in insects, and serving as a tongue.


muscle

en-noun

muscle (countable and uncountable, plural muscles)

From Middle English muscle, muscule, muskylle, and in part from Middle French muscle, from Latin mūsculus (“a muscle”, literally “little mouse”) because of the mouselike appearance of some muscles, from mūs (“mouse”). Doublet of mussel. More at mouse.

der

Types of muscles: See Category:en:Muscles

Muscle consists largely of actin and myosin filaments.

For as the Trunk of the Body, is kept from tilting forvvard by the Muſcules of the Back: So, from falling backvvard, by theſe of the Belly.

1701, Nehemiah Grew, “Of the Use of Organized Bodies”, in Cosmologia Sacra: Or A Discourse of the Universe as It is the Creature and Kingdom of God. […], London: […] W[illiam] Rogers, S[amuel] Smith, and B[enjamin] Walford: […], →OCLC, 1st book, paragraph 18, page 27:

(uncountable) A contractile form of tissue which animals use to effect movement.


lien

Borrowed from Latin liēn (“spleen”). Doublet of spleen.

Li'enal. Pertaining to the lien or spleen; splenic.

1892, John Marie Keating, Henry Hamilton, John Chalmers Da Costa, A New Pronouncing Dictionary of Medicine:

The lien or spleen (figs. 282 to 285) is a soft, highly vascular contractile and very elastic organ of a dark purplish colour. It is placed obliquely behind the stomach, …

1914, Quain's Elements of Anatomy, volume 1, page 312

(uncommon, possibly obsolete) The spleen.


rumen

In the newborn ruminant the abomasum is about as large as the rumen and remains relatively large as long as only milk is consumed (Brugnone, 1809). As the young ruminant consumes forages, the reticulum, and particularly the rumen, develop rapidly.

2013 [1966], Robert E. Hungate, The Rumen and Its Microbes, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 162:

The first compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminants.


milt

en-noun

milt (countable and uncountable, plural milts)

From Middle English milte, from Old English milte, milt (“milt, spleen”), from Proto-West Germanic *miltijā, *meltā, from Proto-Germanic *meltǭ (“spleen”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meld- (“to beat, grind, crush, weaken”). Cognate with German Milz, Dutch milt, Danish milt, Norwegian milt, Swedish mjälte. Outside Germanic, with Albanian mëlçi (“liver”) and Italian milza (“spleen”), which is a borrowing from Lombardic.

inh

we see that certaine apprehensions engender a blushing-red colour, others a palenesse; that some imagination doth only worke in the milt, another in the braine[…].

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

Adam Kadmon had pneumonia. Friar Goat cured it by tying a bullock’s milt to the soles of the lad’s feet, and burying the milt afterwards. Adam Kadmon immediately contracted the thrush.

(countable) The spleen, especially of an animal bred for food.

The engorged testis containing a filled reservoir of mature spermatozoa in a male fish


ticker

A teacher now is a typist, a printer, a laboratory assistant, a designer of work sheets and booklets, a form-filler, a ticker of boxes and a sender of returns to faculty heads, to head teachers, to education authorities and to the Ministers […]


cardia

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek καρδία (kardía, “heart”). Doublet of heart and possibly of core.

lbor

In some insects different cell types can be identified microscopically within the cardia.

2004, William H. Marquardt, Biology of Disease Vectors, page 300:

The first one is stripping from up to down for tumours in the cardias, the other one is stripping from down to up for cervical esophageal cancer.

2012, Kin-ichi Nabeya, editor, Recent Advances in Diseases of the Esophagus:

After several rinses in fresh culture medium the cardiae were transferred to sterilized vessels with culture medium which had been sterilized by filtration.

2012, Werner Peters, Peritrophic Membranes:

(anatomy) The area of the stomach which directly receives contents from the esophagus.

càrdies

section of the esophagus that connects to the stomach


haslet

Inherited from Middle English hastelet, from Anglo-Norman hastilet (“roast meat”), diminutive of haste (“spear, spit, roast meat”), from Latin hasta (“spear”).

The internal organs of an animal, especially the heart and liver of a pig.

Shortly before serving lay the haslet on a warm dish, melt 1 ounce butter in a small saucepan […]

1914, Gesine Lemcke, European and American cuisine, page 309:


branchia

From Latin branchia, from Ancient Greek βράγχια (bránkhia, “gills”).

der

A gill or other organ having the same function


rennet stomach

The fourth stomach of a ruminant, the abomasum.


end organ

A small organ at the terminal end of a nerve conduction pathway.


bioorgan

A synthetic organ (of the body) manufactured from biological material


hepatogenesis

The structural and functional development of the liver


renule

From Latin renulus, from ren (“kidney”).


genital organ

Hindu women make a powder of an aphrodisiacal nature by frying the genital organs of male turtles, which they also use for enchantments.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 162:

(anatomy) An organ used in sexual reproduction or sexual stimulation; a sex organ; (in plural) genitalia.


lagenar macula

(anatomy) A vestibular sensory organ located at the apical tip of the cochlea in birds, fish, and amphibians.


gastric mill

gastrointestinal tract
gastrointestinal tract

An organ in the gastrointestinal tract of some animals, particularly crustaceans, which contains dentition, that is used to grind food. The gnashing of the teeth/plates in the mill is also used by some of the creatures to create audible growling, as a form of communication.