Saxon

→ Korean: 색슨 (saekseun)

→ Welsh: Sacson

Partially from Middle English Saxe, Sax; from Old English *Seaxa (attested in plural Seaxan), and Saxoun, from Old French *Saxoun, Saxon (“Saxon”), from Late Latin Saxonem, accusative of Saxo (“a Saxon”), both from Proto-West Germanic *sahs, from Proto-Germanic *sahsą (“rock, knife”), from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”).
Cognates:
Cognate with Middle Low German sasse (“someone speaking Saxon, i.e. (Middle) Low German”), Old English Seaxa (“a Saxon”), Old High German Sahso (“a Saxon”), Icelandic Saxi (“a Saxon”), Estonian saks (“lord; German”), Finnish Saksa (“Germany”). Also cognate to Old English seax (“a knife, hip-knife, an instrument for cutting, a short sword, dirk, dagger”); more at sax.

cog

Kenett states that the military works still known by the name of Tadmarten Camp and Hook-Norton Barrow were cast up at this time ; the former, large and round, is judged to be a fortification of the Danes, and the latter, being smaller and rather a quinquangle than a square, of the Saxons.

1881, John Kirby Hedges, The history of Wallingford, volume 1, page 170:

A member of an ancient West Germanic tribe that lived at the eastern North Sea coast and south of it.


Saxon

census-designated place
census-designated place

Spartanburg County
Spartanburg County#English

A census-designated place in Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States.

An unincorporated community in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States.

A town and census-designated place therein, in Iron County, Wisconsin, United States.

A municipality in Martigny district, Valais canton, Switzerland.


Frisian

From Middle English Frisoun, taken from Old French frison (“a Frisian”), itself derived from Latin Frīsiī (“Frisians”). Displaced native Old English Frīsa (“a Frisian”); see the plural Frīsan for more.

In the province of Friesland, in the north of the Netherlands, a high percentage of the population, about 350000, speak Frisian as their first language.

1998, Colin Baker, Sylvia Prys Jones, Encyclopedia of bilingualism and bilingual education, page 405:

This means that full competence in both Frisian and Dutch (ie understanding, speaking, reading and writing ability) is aimed at all pupils in the province, whether they speak Frisian or Dutch at home.

2000, Jasone Cenoz, Ulrike Jessner, English in Europe: the acquisition of a third language, page 223:

Many Frisians speak Frisian at home and Dutch at work.

2005, Pat Seward, Sunandini Arora Lal, Netherlands, page 89:

A Germanic language group or language (see Usage notes), or a lect thereof, which descended from Old Frisian, with speakers in the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark.

(specifically) The West Frisian (or Western Frisian) lect, spoken in the northern Netherlands.

(specifically) Saterland Frisian, the last surviving dialect of the East Frisian lect, spoken in Northern Germany close to the Dutch border.

(specifically) The North Frisian lect, spoken in northwestern Schleswig-Holstein in Germany.


Frisian

A member of the Germanic ethnic group which is native to the region of Frisia (which is in the Netherlands, northern Germany, and southern Denmark).

ֆրիզ

member of the Germanic ethnic group which is native to Frisia


Dane

From Middle English Dane, from Old Norse danir. Displaced native Old English Dene. Both forms ultimately descend from Proto-Germanic *daniz.

Deen

person from Denmark or of Danish descent

(historical) A member of the Danes, a Germanic tribe inhabiting the Danish islands and parts of southern Sweden.


Lombard

en-proper noun

Lombard (countable and uncountable, plural Lombards)

From Middle English Lombard, Lumbard, borrowed from Old French Lombard, Lombart (“a Lombard”), from Late Latin langobardus, longobardus (“a Lombard”), from Germanic, derived from the Proto-Germanic elements *langaz + *bardaz; equivalent to long + beard. Some sources derive the second element instead from Proto-Germanic *bardǭ, *barduz (“axe”), related to German Barte (“axe”). Doublet of Langobard. Compare longbeard. Compare with Old English Langbeardas (“Lombards”).

Broadwater County
Broadwater County#English

A ghost town in Broadwater County, Montana, United States, named after A. G. Lombard.


Germanic

en-adj

Germanic (comparative more Germanic, superlative most Germanic)

more Germanic (comparative)
most Germanic (superlative)

/d͡ʒɜːˈmæn.ɪk/

Learned borrowing from Latin germānicus.

a Germanic tribe

Relating to the Germanic peoples (such as Germans, Scandinavians or Anglo-Saxons).


Anglo-Saxon

/ˌæŋ.ɡləʊˈsæk.sən/

From Anglo- + Saxon, from Latin Anglosaxones (Anglo-Saxones), Latin Angli Saxones (literally “the English Saxons”), as distinguished from the Continental Saxons.

der

Meronyms: Anglian, Kentish, Mercian, Northumbrian, West Saxon

(now rare) Synonym of Old English (language).


Viking

Borrowed from Old Norse víkingr (“Viking”). Already in Old English as wīċing and Old Frisian wītsing, but assumed extinct in Middle English and borrowed anew in the 19th century; any survivals in dialect through the Middle Ages are unknown.
Old Norse víkingr itself is from Old Norse vík (“inlet, cove, fjord”) + -ingr (“one belonging to, one who frequents”) (the -r is the nominative desinence). Thus, “one from or who frequents the sea’s inlets”.
The Old English and Anglo-Frisian form, existing since at least the eighth century, could also have been derived from or influenced by Old English wīc (“camp”), on account of the temporary encampments which were often a prominent feature of the Vikings’ raids.
Others proposals were made, like e.g. deriving víkingr from the root related to the verb víkja or deriving both English and Old Norse words to *wīkingaz related to víkja or wīc.

أُرْدَمَانِيّ

One of the Scandinavian seafaring warriors

(colloquial, humorous, mildly offensive) An ethnic Swede, Norwegian, Dane, Icelander or Faroe Islander.


Germania

From Latin Germānia. Doublet of Germany.

(historical) Any of several geographical regions of different historical periods that were mainly inhabited by Germanic peoples.


Angle

Borrowed from Latin Anglus, in turn borrowed from a Germanic source (compare Old English Ængle/Engle (“Angle”)). Probably derived from the toponym Angle, related to Proto-Germanic *anguz "narrow, tight; tapering, angular", either indicating the "narrow" water (i.e. the Schlei estuary), or the "angular" shape of the peninsula.
Folk etymology linking the word to English angel or any antecedents is demonstrably false.

(historical) A member of a Germanic tribe first mentioned by Tacitus, one of several which invaded Britain and merged to become the Anglo-Saxons; an Anglian.


Geat

From Old English Ġēat, from Proto-West Germanic *Gaut, from Proto-Germanic *gautaz (“Geat”).

(history) A member of a North Germanic tribe formerly occupying what is now Götaland in Sweden.


Jute

From Latin plural Iuti, Iutae (in Bede), from Old English Ēotas. Ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *eut, from Proto-Germanic *eutaz, *eutaniz. The spelling was later influenced by Medieval Latin Jutae, Juti.

A member of the Germanic tribe that existed in modern-day Denmark that invaded England about the same time as the Angles and the Saxons in the beginning of the Middle Ages, but were eventually integrated by the time of the Norman Conquest.


Frank

From Middle English Frank, partially from Old English Franca (“a Frank”); and partially from Old French Franc, and/or Latin Francus (“a Frank”), from Frankish *Franko (“a Frank”); both maybe from Proto-Germanic *frankô (“javelin”). Cognate with Old High German Franko (“a Frank”), Old English franca (“spear, javelin”). Compare Saxon, ultimately a derivative of Proto-Germanic *sahsą (“knife, dagger”). Doublet of franc, frank, and farang.

One of the Franks, a Germanic federation that inhabited parts of what are now France, the Low Countries and Germany.


Swede

From Middle Low German Swêde, from a Germanic word akin to Old Norse Svíþjóð, Old English Swēoþēod (“Sweden”, literally “Swede nation”), itself from Swēo (“Swede”), from Proto-Germanic *swihô (“Swede”). Cognate with Dutch Zweed, German Schwede.

cog

(historical) A member of an ancient North Germanic tribe that inhabited central Sweden

Svear

member of the ancient North Germanic tribe


Vandal

From Latin Vandalus, named after the Germanic tribe, from Proto-Germanic *wandilaz, from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ-eh₂-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn, wind, braid”). Also related to Old English Wendlas.

der

An extinct East Germanic language ascribed to have been spoken by the Vandals.


Goth

en-noun

Goth (countable and uncountable, plural Goths)

From Middle English Gothes, Gotes (both plural). In turn partly from Old English Gotan, singular Gota, and partly from Late Latin Gothi. Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gutô, perhaps from *geutaną (“to pour”). Compare Old Norse Goti (“Gotlander, Goth”), and related also to Gutnish, Gotland.

A member of the East Germanic people known for their invasion of the western Roman Empire and subsequent founding of successor states in Italy and Spain during Late Antiquity.


Teuton

PIE word
 *tewtéh₂
Attested since 1720, from Latin Teutonēs, Teutonī (“the Teutons”) (cf. Ancient Greek Τεύτονες (Teútones)), a Germanic or Celtic tribe that inhabited a coastal area in today's Germany and devastated Gaul between 113 and 101 BCE. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂ (“people”), from which come:
* Proto-Germanic *þeudō (“people”)
** Old English þēod (“nation, people, country, language”), Middle English thede
** Proto-Germanic *þeudanaz (“ruler, leader of the people”)
*** Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 (þiudans, “king”)
*** Old Norse þjóðann (“prince, king”)
*** Old Saxon þiudan (“lord of the people, ruler”)
*** Old English þēoden (“king, lord”)
** Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz (“of the people or tribe”)
*** English Dutch
*** German deutsch
* Proto-Celtic *toutā
** Old Irish túath
* Persian توده (tôda, tude, “heap, masses, people, folk”)
* Proto-Slavic *ťuďь (“foreign, strange”)
** Russian чужо́й (čužój, “stranger”), чудно (čudno, “strange”), чу́до (čúdo, “miracle”)

cog

The difference between the Clergy and the Teuton conquerors was more than a difference of creed, or of civilization. It was an actual difference of race. They were Romans, to whom the Teuton was a savage, speaking a different tongue, obeying different laws, his whole theory of the universe different from the Roman.

1864, Charles Kingsley, The Roman and the Teuton: A Series of Lectures Delivered Before the University of Cambridge, page 220:

We have noted that the Teutonic layer of European barbarians, unlike the Celtic layer, resisted the disintegrating action of Hellenism to such effect that the Teutons were able to take their place in the external proletariat of the Hellenic World and to dispatch the Hellenic Society in its death agonies with the coup de grâce.

1946, Arnold Joseph Toynbee, A Study of History, volume 1, page 153:

Some fifteen hundred years ago, the Teuton tribes of Northern Europe held an annual ceremony.[…]We can't presume to understand all that this specific ritual meant to the Teutons nor precisely what their expectations might have been.

2007, Judika Illes, Pure Magic: A Complete Course in Spellcasting, page 8:

What he imagined the social order and the experience of the Teutons actually to have been, and why this lost world should represent an ideal, is, it must be said, hard to discover. His pronouncements on the Teutons of the Dark Ages are decidedly sparse.

2012, Peter Longerich, Heinrich Himmler: A Life, page 271:

(historical) A member of an early Germanic tribe living in Jutland noted in historical writings by Greek and Roman authors.

The third threat, from the Teutonic Knights of Germany, was the worst, because the Crusader Teutons wanted not only Russian land but also to kill off the people of Russia because they were a different kind of Christian from them!

2008, K. M. Lucchese, Folk Like Me: The Read-Aloud Book of Saints, page 51:

Its garrison consisted of the Templars and Hospitalliers, the knights of Cyprus, Teutons, French, English, Pizzan, Venetian, and Genoan mercenaries.[…]On the following day the New Tower of the city, which was defended by the Teuton knights, was taken by assault.

2009, Kadir I. Natho, Circassian History, page 177:

(historical) A member of the Teutonic Order.

In the first place, a prolonged struggle in the North Temperate Zone, with a harsh, though not a depressing, natural environment, endows the Teuton with unusual energy and initiative. Then centuries of wanderings in which the strong set forth and the weak and timid stay behind, brings the Teuton to the west of Europe, to the British Isles, and to America, with a courage, enterprise, and self-assertion rare in the history of man. The Teuton becomes the Anglo-Saxon, and therewith less apt for the gregarious life.

1901, Edward Alsworth Ross, Social Control: A Survey of the Foundations of Order, published 2009, page 16:

Every Teuton must fall on his face before an inferior Teuton; until they all find, in the foul marshes towards the Baltic, the very lowest of all possible Teutons, and worship him--and find he is a Slav. So much for Pan-Germanism.

1915, G. K. Chesterton, The Crimes of England, published 2008, unnumbered page:

The history of the Teutons, or Germans, as they are more commonly called, is very much like that of the Bantu in central Africa.

1976, Harry R. Boer, A Short History of the Early Church, page 122:

A member of any Germanic-language-speaking people, especially a German.


Teuton

en-adj

Teuton (comparative more Teuton, superlative most Teuton)

more Teuton (comparative)
most Teuton (superlative)

While some families of the oldest Welsh stocks talk English only, a large number, whose forefathers were Teuton, Norse, or Irish, now converse in Cymraeg.

1881, James Bonwick, “Preface”, in Who Are the Welsh? (Our Nationalities; III), London: David Bogue, […], pages iii–iv:

Had the Jews been so fixed a type, by this time their offspring would have been more numerous than the Chinese. The reverse, however, is the case; and therefore, we may suppose they must have become extinct, had it not been for fresh supplies of Saxon, Teuton, Spanish, and Italian blood.

1886 December 18, Richard Jefferies, “Just Before Winter”, in R[obert] Chambers (Secundus), editor, Chambers’s Journal of Popular Literature, Science, and Art, fifth series, volume III, number 155, London, Edinburgh: W[illiam] & R[obert] Chambers, page 803, column 2:

While the social system could thus be improved, [G. Stanley] Hall knew that heredity was more important. He argued that a pound of heredity was “worth a hundredweight of education.” It was necessary to pay attention to better breeding: “The nation that breeds best, be it Mongol, Slav, Teuton or Saxon, will rule the world in the future.”

1986, Clarence J. Karier, Scientists of the Mind: Intellectual Founders of Modern Psychology, Urbana, Ill., Chicago, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, →ISBN, page 183:


Quadi

(historical) A member of an ancient Germanic people who lived in Moravia.


Norseman

(historical) A medieval Scandinavian or Viking.


Burgundian

/bɜːˈɡʌndɪən/

/bɜːɹˈɡʌndɪən/

From Burgundy + -an. Compare Old English Burgendan (“Burgundians”).

The extinct East Germanic language of the Burgundians.


Visigoth

Borrowed from Late Latin Visigothus, from Gothic. According to Mallory & Adams, possibly a tribal name derived from Proto-Germanic *wesuz (reflected in personal names such as Old High German *wisu), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus (“good, excellent”). If so, related to Proto-Celtic *wesus (found in personal names), the Italic goddess Vesuna, and Sanskrit वसु (vasu, “good, excellent”).
The term was coined by Cassiodorus under the misapprehension that it meant "west Goths".

der

Any member of an ancient East Germanic tribe, one branch of the Goths (the Ostrogoths being the other), which participated in several wars with Rome and established a kingdom with Toulouse for its capital.


Ostrogoth

Borrowed from Late Latin Ostrogothus, from Proto-Germanic *austrą ("east") and *gutô, via Ancient Greek Γότθος (Gótthos) from Gothic *𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌰 (*guta).

Any member of an ancient East Germanic tribe, one branch of the Goths (the Visigoths being the other), which invaded Italy in the sixth century


Cherusci

(historical) a Germanic tribe that inhabited parts of the plains and forests of northwestern Germany, in the area possibly near present-day Hanover, during the first centuries BC and AD


Marcomanni

Learned borrowing from Latin Marcomanni, from Proto-Germanic *markō (“border”) + *mann- (“man”).


Suebi

From Latin Suēbī, from Proto-Germanic *swēbaz.

A group of Germanic tribes living mostly near Elbe in what is now central Germany around the first century BCE.


Alemanni

From Latin Alemannī (“the confederation of German tribes related to Suebi who lived near the upper reaches of Danube”).

The hasty army of volunteers gradually coalesced into a great and permanent nation, and, as it was composed from so many different tribes, assumed the name of Alemanni, or Allmen ; to denote at once their various lineage, and their common bravery.

1846, Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, page 271:

The Alemanni were originally composed of fragments of several Germanic peoples, and they remained a loosely knit confederation of tribes in the Suebi group (see Suebi).

2011 September 15, “Alemanni”, in Encyclopædia Britannica:

A group of Germanic peoples living between the Rhine, Main, and Danube Rivers from the third to the sixth century.

On the basis of their location along the Rhine River during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, I have concluded that my ancestors were Alemanni and Franks, though lacking in ethnic purity.

2011 October 1, Richard J. Gehman, “Reflections on our Germanic Mennonite Heritage”, in Bible Fellowship Church Online History Center, archived from the original on 2020-12-16:

Those individuals descended from one of the Alemanni tribes.


Alemanni

This time, however, his troops faced the full brunt of an Alemanni force that attacked them on the way.

2007, Michael Curtis Ford, Gods and Legions: A Novel of the Roman Empire, page 109:

Of or related to the Alemannic language or dialects.


Thuringian

/θəˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.ən/

(historical) A member of an ancient Germanic tribe inhabiting central Germany.

Thüringer

a member of an ancient Germanic tribe inhabiting central Germany


Rugian

The hypothetical East Germanic language once spoken by the Rugians.


Gepid

A standing army was unknown under the first and second race; more than half the kingdom was now in the hands of the Saracens: according to their respective situation, the Franks of Neustria and Austrasia were to conscious or too careless of the impending danger; and the voluntary aids of the Gepidæ and Germans were separated by a long interval from the standard of the Christian general.

1788, Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume V:

The Gepidae, seeing that the king's son was killed, through whom in great part the war had been set on foot, at once, in their discouragement, start to flee.

1906, Diaconus Paulus, translated by William Dudley Foulke, History of the Langobards, translation of original in Early Medieval Latin, page 42:

Two consecutive letters hi the Varioe are concerned with a "multitude" of Gepids whom Theodoric has taken under his wing and is sending across northern Italy to Gaul, where they will serve in some sort of military capacity.

1989, Walter Goffart, Rome's Fall and After, page 178:

(historical) A member of an East Germanic people related to the Goths.


Cimbri

(historical) An ancient tribe that invaded southern Europe between 113 and 101 BCE, generally thought to have been Germanic (though they could have been Celtic) and associated with Jutland and northern Germany.


Chatti

(historical) An ancient Germanic tribe whose homeland was near the upper Weser (Visurgis).


Batavi

An ancient Germanic tribe living in the region of Batavia around Nijmegen.


Naharvali

Alternative form of Nahanarvali (“Germanic tribe”)


Scirii

(historical) An East Germanic tribe of Eastern Europe, attested in historical works between the 2nd century BC and 5th century AD.


Irminones

From Ancient Greek Ἑρμίονες (Hermíones).

(historical) A large group of early Germanic tribes who settled in the Elbe watershed and by the 1st century AD had expanded into Bavaria, Swabia and Bohemia.


Nahanarvali

(historical) A Germanic tribe mentioned by the Roman scholar Tacitus.


Istvaeones

(historical) A Germanic group of tribes living near the banks of the Rhine during the Roman Empire and reportedly sharing a common culture and origin.


Catti

Alternative form of Chatti (“Germanic tribe”)