echelon lens

(optics) A large lens constructed in several parts or layers, extending in a series of annular rings beyond the central lens, and used in lighthouses.


atomic emission spectroscopy

en-noun

atomic emission spectroscopy (uncountable)

(physics, chemistry) A form of analytical spectroscopy that measures the radiation emitted at specific wavelengths by the atoms excited in a very hot sample


exhausted receiver

exhausted receiver (plural exhausted receivers)

(physics) A receiver, such as that used with an air pump, from which the air has been withdrawn; a vessel whose interior is a more or less complete vacuum.


QEC

quantum error correction
w:quantum error correction

(physics) Initialism of quantum error correction.


smart grid

In an interview with the Guardian, Cameron said "smart grid technology", one of the centrepieces of Barack Obama's planned multibillion dollar infrastructure investment programme, was the equivalent of "the internet for electricity.[…]"

2009 January 16, Patrick Wintour, Nicholas Watt, Dan Milmo, “Cameron: we will build £1bn 'smart grid' to green Britain”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

A computerized power grid which gathers and analyzes information from users to determine the most efficient and reliable operation of electricity distribution


local cell

(physics) A very small galvanic cell formed by differences in potential between adjacent areas of a metal surface in contact with an electrolyte; implicated in surface corrosion


inductive embarrassment

(physics, dated) The delay in signalling on an electric wire, produced by lateral induction.


neutron activation analysis

neutron activation analysis (countable and uncountable, plural neutron activation analyses)

(inorganic chemistry) An analytical technique that measures the decay of elements when bombarded with neutrons

Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse

technique to measure the decay of elements


deiodase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the removal of iodine from iodothyronine; its deficiency causes goitre


electron hole

(physics) A vacant position in the atomic lattice of a conductor where an electron would normally be present


aeroacoustics

(physics) A branch of acoustics that studies noise generation via either turbulent fluid motion or aerodynamic forces interacting with surfaces.


normal potential

normal potential (plural normal potentials)

normal hydrogen electrode
normal hydrogen electrode

(physics, chemistry) The electrode potential with reference to that of a normal hydrogen electrode


selenophosphate synthetase

selenophosphate synthetase (plural selenophosphate synthetases)

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the formation of a selenophosphate


limited-slip differential

limited-slip differential (plural limited-slip differentials)

To get the facts on just what a limited-slip differential contributes to mobility under slippery conditions as well as on dry roads, we drew up plans for a series of tests

1969 November 20, Jan P. Norbye, Jim Dunne, “The Truth about LIMITED-SLIP DIFFERENTIALS”, in Popular Science, volume 195, number 5, page 118:

A limited-slip differential on the transfer case divides the torque between front and rear axles, even if one axle has lost traction. This is similar to the limited-slip differential, optional on rear-drive cars, that transmits power to both rear wheels, even if one has lost traction

1979 September 20, Paul Weissler, “Servicing the four-wheel drive Eagle”, in Popular Mechanics, page 94:

This wrinkle in the system is corrected by a limited-slip differential. While some carmakers use a viscous coupling in the rear differential, carmakers typically use a simple clutch-and-spring system in limited-slip differentials

1992 November 20, Don Chaikin, “HOW IT WORKS: LIMITED-SLIP DIFFERENTIAL”, in Popular Mechanics, volume 169, number 11, page 104:

Limited-slip differentials allow normal differential action under normal driving conditions. But when road conditions are slippery, the limited-slip differential reduces or prevents differential action. This makes it so that a wheel cannot spin freely. Drive is maintained to both wheels. There are two main types of limited-slip differentials—- clutch-style and gear style.

2019, Kirk VanGelder, Fundamentals of Automotive Maintenance and Light Repair, page 558:

(mechanics) A type of differential that allows its output shafts to rotate at different speeds but can limit the maximum difference in angular velocity between the output shafts, allowing greater torque to be applied to the slower-spinning shaft(s) and generally resulting in better traction than older-design differentials.


memapsin

(biochemistry) membrane-associated aspartic protease


electric vehicle

electric vehicle (plural electric vehicles)

By the middle of the decade, he [Clive Sinclair] had sold his computer businesses and moved on to transportation with the Sinclair C5 electric vehicle, which was designed with a single seat but, bafflingly for as wet and chilly a country as Britain, without a roof.

2012 March 4, Alice Rawsthorn, “Farewell, Pocket Calculator?”, in The New York Times:

His car company, Tesla, controls two-thirds of the multibillion-dollar electric-vehicle market it pioneered and is valued at a cool $1 trillion.

December 13 2021, Molly Ball, Jeffrey Kluger, Alejandro de la Garza, “Elon Musk: Person of the Year 2021”, in Time:

A vehicle that uses an electric motor as the means of propulsion; most especially, an e-car or e-truck.

BEV

battery electric vehicle; an EV that is fully electric as opposed to hybrid electric

HEV

hybrid electric vehicle; an EV that has both an electric powertrain and an ICE for charging and/or propulsion

e-skateboard

usually used coordinately rather than hyponymously, when the governing mental schema implicitly restricts EVs to the larger, heavier vehicles


excimer laser

(physics) A laser generated by an excited diatomic molecule


decay chain

(nuclear physics) A series of nuclides, such that one nuclide radioactively decays into another, which decays into another, and so on, until a stable nuclide is reached. For example, uranium-238 must undergo eight alpha decays and six beta decays in order to become stable lead-206; intermediate nuclides include uranium-234, radium-226, and radon-222.


Mpemba effect

Named after Tanzanian student Erasto Mpemba, who published on the topic in the 1960s.

Scientists as yet have been unable to fully explain the mechanism behind the Mpemba effect. It is a combination of a variety of heat transfer methods, and those combinations change under different conditions of water and[…]

2012, Elizabeth H. Oakes, Heat and Thermodynamics, Infobase Learning, →ISBN, page 38:

The supposed tendency of warmer water to freeze more quickly than colder water.


quagma

quagma (usually uncountable, plural quagmas)

A theorized phase of matter occurring at extremely high temperature and density, composed of free quarks.


cluster compound

cluster compound (plural cluster compounds)

(physical chemistry) An assemblage of atoms or molecules bound together


cricondenbar

(physics) The maximum pressure at which two phases can coexist.


galactic cannibalism

The process by which a large galaxy, through tidal gravitational interactions with a companion, merges with that companion, resulting in a larger, often irregular galaxy.


effusivity

thermal conductivity
thermal conductivity

(thermodynamics) A measure of a material's ability to exchange thermal energy with its surroundings; the square root of the product of its thermal conductivity and its volumetric heat capacity.


minimoon

Coordinate term: quasi-satellite

This photo of Earth's newest minimoon was taken by the 8-meter Gemini North telescope on Hawaii's Maunakea.

2020 March 4, Theresa Machemer, “Earth's New Mini-Moon Is Leaving Soon”, in Smithsonian Magazine, archived from the original on 2022-08-20:

Earth has only had two minimoons on record – one in February 2020 and the other in 2006.

2020 September 22, Stacy Liberatore, “Earth is set to capture a minimoon in October that may stay until May 2021 – but some experts say the object could be man-made space junk”, in The Daily Mail, archived from the original on 2021-07-26:

These included a rare 'minimoon' named 2020 CD3, a tiny asteroid less than 3 metres in diameter that had been temporarily captured by Earth's gravity. The minimoon broke away from Earth's pull last April.

2021 March 11, Alexandra Witze, “Record number of asteroids seen whizzing past Earth in 2020”, in Nature, archived from the original on 2022-09-09:

(astronomy) A small asteroid captured by the Earth's gravity and temporarily acting as a second moon of Earth.


pluto-

From combining form of Ancient Greek πλοῦτος (ploûtos, “wealth, riches”).


pertechnetic acid

(inorganic chemistry) A strong oxoacid of technetium with chemical formula HTcO₄.


Prout's hypothesis

Named after the English chemist William Prout.

(historical, physical chemistry) An early 19th-century attempt to explain the existence of the various chemical elements: the hypothesis that, since the atomic weights for known elements appeared to be whole multiples of the atomic weight of hydrogen, the hydrogen atom was the only truly fundamental object, and the atoms of other elements were actually groupings of various numbers of hydrogen atoms.


bumblebee model

en-noun

bumblebee model (plural bumblebee models)

Coined by Kostelecký, in reference to the fact that bumblebees' ability to fly has sometimes been questioned on theoretical grounds, and yet they do fly successfully.

effective field theory
effective field theory

vacuum expectation value
vacuum expectation value

(quantum mechanics) An effective field theory describing a vector field with a vacuum expectation value that spontaneously breaks Lorentz symmetry.


enantiomeric ratio

enantiomeric ratio (plural enantiomeric ratios)

70(+):30(−)
a (+):(−) ratio of 7:3

(chemistry) The ratio of the percent of one enantiomer in a mixture to that of the other


pair production

pair production (countable and uncountable, plural pair productions)

(physics) The simultaneous creation of a particle and its antiparticle.


harmonic series

harmonic series (plural harmonic series)

(music, physics) The sequence of all positive integer multiples of a base frequency.


dropleton

(physics) A quasiparticle, in the form of a quantum droplet of electrons and holes within a semiconductor, that shows some behaviour typical of a liquid


comagnetometer

(physics) A sensitive magnetometer that measures the nuclear spin precession of a material containing two different nuclear spins; they may be used as very sensitive gyroscopes


cosmoparticle

(physics, astronomy) Any subatomic particle of cosmological origin


shockfront

(physics) the leading edge of a shock wave; the rapidly expanding interface between a pressure disturbance created, for example, by an explosion and the surrounding environment.


retrocausally

By means of, or in terms of, retrocausality.


CKM matrix

(physics) Abbreviation of Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix.


Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix

Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix (plural Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrixes or Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrices)

Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrixes (plural)
Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrices (plural)

Named after Nicola Cabibbo, Makoto Kobayashi, and Toshihide Maskawa.

(physics) In the Standard Model, a unitary matrix that specifies the mismatch of quantum states of quarks when they propagate freely and when they take part in the weak interactions. It is important in the understanding of CP violation.

Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix
Makoto Kobayashi (physicist)
Nicola Cabibbo
Toshihide Maskawa


dark flow

dark flow (countable and uncountable, plural dark flows)

From dark (“hidden”) + flow. From the motion of galaxy clusters due to a hidden influence, possibly from beyond the horizon of the observable universe.

(astrophysics) A possible non-random component of the peculiar velocity of galaxy clusters.


upness

(quantum mechanics) The property of being an up quark.


downness

Each of the flavors has a corresponding property, so that the down quark carries "downness," although upness and downness are rarely mentioned,

2006, Donald Gary Swanson, Quantum Mechanics: Foundations and Applications, page 287:

The down and antidown quarks on the left have a total downness of zero, which is preserved on the right.

2011, Kenneth W. Ford, 101 Quantum Questions, page 162:

(quantum mechanics) The property of being a down quark.


pectase

pectase (countable and uncountable, plural pectases)


no-go theorem

(physics) Any theorem stating that a particular situation is not physically possible.


semi-period

(physics) Half of the period of a wave etc; typically the time taken for part of a wave to be replaced by a similar part that is out of phase.


antiacceleration

en-adj

antiacceleration (comparative more antiacceleration, superlative most antiacceleration)

more antiacceleration (comparative)
most antiacceleration (superlative)

(science fiction) Preventing or counteracting acceleration.


aerothermochemistry

(physical chemistry, aviation) The thermochemistry of gases, especially in regard to high-speed flight and aeropropulsion


hypertravel

(science fiction) travel through hyperspace


synchrotronic

(physics) Relating to or produced by a synchrotron.


exotransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that is active outside of the cell or organism that created it


scramblase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that aid the translocation of phospholipids across cell membranes.


renormalization group

en-noun

renormalization group (plural renormalization groups)

(physics) A mathematical apparatus that allows systematic investigation of the changes of a physical system as viewed at different distance scales.


stepdown

(of a transformer) Used to decrease the secondary voltage relative to the primary voltage.


Yablochkov candle

Yablochkov candle (plural Yablochkov candles)

Named after its inventor, Pavel Yablochkov.

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) A type of electric carbon arc lamp.


SMBH

supermassive black hole
supermassive black hole#English

(astronomy) Abbreviation of supermassive black hole.


ball-and-stick model

ball-and-stick model (plural ball-and-stick models)

(physical chemistry) A molecular model of a chemical substance, displaying the three-dimensional position of the atoms (as spheres) and the bonds between them (as connecting rods).


needle telegraph

needle telegraph (plural needle telegraphs)

A telegraph in which the signals are given by the deflections of a magnetic needle to the right or to the left of a certain position.


crown glass

crown glass (usually uncountable, plural crown glasses)

So called from a crown-like shape given to it in the process of blowing.

The convex half of an achromatic lens is composed of crown glass.

(optics) A variety of glass used in lenses and other optical components due to its low refractive index and dispersion. Originally crown glass was made from alkali-lime silicates with approximately 10% potassium oxide, but similar properties may be attained with other recipes.


chain lightning

Lightning in angular, zigzag, or forked flashes.


lightning discharger

lightning discharger (plural lightning dischargers)


lightning arrester

lightning arrester (plural lightning arresters)

A device used on electrical and telecommunications systems to protect the insulation and conductors from the damaging effects of lightning. Typically, it has a high-voltage terminal and a ground terminal. When a surge travels along the power line to the arrester, the current from the surge is diverted through the arrester, in most cases to earth.


heat lightning

So called because it is common on hot summer nights and is sometimes popularly thought to be caused by heat rather storms.

The typical range at which thunder can be heard is around 24 km [...] Often, people mistakenly call lightning whose thunder is too far away to be heard "heat lightning," suggesting that the lightning somehow owes its existence merely to the heat of the day and not to a thunderstorm. Nonsense. "Heat lightning" is simply distant lightning whose thunder cannot be heard.

2001, Lee M. Grenci, Jon M. Nese, A World of Weather: Fundamentals of Meteorology: a Text/ Laboratory Manual, Kendall Hunt, →ISBN, page 205:

Lightning and/or thunder which the observer attributes to heat rather than a storm (e.g. because the storm/rain is too distant to be seen, or because there is no rain, as with dry lighting).

(in particular) Visible lightning that occurs too far away for the resulting thunder to be audible by the observer.


rhamnodiastase

rhamnodiastase (countable and uncountable, plural rhamnodiastases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme found in Rhamnus dahurica, used in the hydrolysis of flavonoid glycosides.


transglucosidase

(biochemistry) A kind of enzyme capable of converting starch into oligosaccharides.


tetartoid

(crystallography) A crystal of a certain symmetry class with 12 congruent irregular pentagonal faces.


Bravais lattice

Bravais lattice (plural Bravais lattices)

(geometry, crystallography) An infinite array of discrete points generated by a set of discrete translation operations mathbf R=n_1 mathbf a₁+n_2 mathbf a₂+n_3 mathbf a₃, where nᵢ are any integers and aᵢ are known as the primitive vectors which lie in different directions and span the lattice.


cis effect

(physical chemistry) The labilization (making unstable) of ligands which are cis to certain other ligands.


trans effect

(physical chemistry) The labilization (making unstable) of ligands which are trans to certain other ligands.


breaking capacity

breaking capacity (plural breaking capacities)

The current that a fuse, circuit breaker, or other electrical apparatus is able to interrupt without being destroyed or causing an electric arc with unacceptable duration.

katkaisukyky

current which a breaking device is able to break


selsyn

→ Russian: сельси́н (selʹsín)

(electrical engineering) A synchro whose currents are used directly to drive a receiver synchro that rotates in unison with the synchro transmitter.


no-communication theorem

(physics) A no-go theorem stating that, during measurement of an entangled quantum state, it is not possible for one observer, making a measurement of a subsystem of the total state, to communicate information to another observer.


Lorenz gauge

Named after Ludvig Lorenz. This is a different person than Hendrik Antoon Lorentz for whom the Lorentz group is named.

(electromagnetism) A partial gauge fixing of the electromagnetic vector potential, used to eliminate the redundant spin-0 component in the (1/2,1/2) representation of the Lorentz group.


electriferous

(archaic) Producing or transmitting electricity.


spot lens

(microscopy) A condensing lens in which the light is confined to an annular pencil by means of a small, round diaphragm (the "spot"), and used in darkfield illumination.


nuclear Overhauser effect

nuclear Overhauser effect (plural nuclear Overhauser effects)

Named after the American physicist Albert Overhauser.

The transfer of nuclear spin polarization from one nuclear spin population to another via cross-relaxation.

Albert Overhauser
nuclear Overhauser effect


impedance coil

(electricity) a coil of wire designed to provide impedance in an electric circuit


maltokinase

maltokinase (countable and uncountable, plural maltokinases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the chemical reaction ATP + maltose ⇌ ADP + alpha-maltose 1-phosphate.


(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H₂O ⇌ 5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin.


tuballoy

(historical) Natural uranium in the refined condition.


oralloy

Highly-enriched uranium
highly-enriched uranium

(nuclear physics, historical) Highly-enriched uranium.


oryzin

Aspergillus oryzae
Aspergillus oryzae#Translingual

(biochemistry) A predominant extracellular alkaline endopeptidase of the mold Aspergillus oryzae.


aspergillopepsin

(biochemistry) Any of a group of pepsins found in Aspergillus fungi.


frost line

In our Solar System the frost line lies between Mars and Jupiter at about five astronomical units from the Sun.

(astrophysics) In a solar system, the distance from the protosun beyond which hydrogen-containing gas compounds freeze.


microdoublet

(optics) A doublet lens (typically composed of a solid lens and a liquid-filled lens) made by microfabrication


monophoton

(physics) A single photon (rather than a group)


parametron

(physics) A type of resonant logic element that may be used to represent a binary digit.


lexidronam

(medicine) Any of a class of chelation complexes (normally of radiosamarium) used to control in bone cancer cases


moly cow

From moly (informal term for molybdenum) + cow. The word cow alludes to the fact that the device “milks” technetium-99m from molybdenum-99: see quotations.

When the ⁹⁹Tcₘ isotope is needed for medical imaging purposes, it has to be created on the spot because its half-life is only six hours. This is done using a device filled with longer-lived ⁹⁹Mo, which decays into ⁹⁹Tcₘ, continually replenishing the supply within the device. Because the process of removing the accumulated ⁹⁹Tcₘ is called "milking", the device is informally known as a "moly cow."

2012, Theodore [W.] Gray, The Elements: A Visual Exploration of Every Known Atom in the Universe, New York, N.Y.: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, →ISBN:

The radioactive isotope molybdenum-99 (half-life of 66 hours) decays to generate technetium-99m, which has a half-life of only six hours and is used in hospitals for medical imaging. The technetium isotope collects in various parts of the body, in particular bone. Scanners detect the radiation from the isotope to create an image, enabling diagnosis. The process uses a device that is filled with Mo-99, which decays into Tc-99m, forming a continuous supply that is ‘milked off’. The device is nicknamed the ‘moly cow’.

2013, Paul Parsons, Gail Dixon, The Periodic Table: A Field Guide to the Elements, London: Quercus, →ISBN:

Clearly, transporting the daughter in equilibrium with the parent is a more economical, safer, and environmentally friendlier approach. This is the reason that "technetium generators," dubbed "moly cows," are transported around the globe instead of the ⁹⁹ᵐTc isotope.

2013 November 6, Chary Rangacharyulu, “Radioactivity”, in Physics of Nuclear Radiations: Concepts, Techniques and Applications, Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, page 43:

(chemistry, medicine, informal) A device used to extract from a source of decaying molybdenum-99 the metastable isotope ⁹⁹ᵐTc of technetium, which is the most commonly used medical radioisotope.


dextranase

dextranase (countable and uncountable, plural dextranases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the endohydrolysis of (1->6)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in dextran.


dextransucrase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction sucrose + (1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl)n ⇌ D-fructose + (1,6-alpha-D-glucosyl)n⁺1.


dihydroorotase

dihydroorotase (countable and uncountable, plural dihydroorotases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that converts carbamoyl aspartic acid into 4,5-dihydroorotic acid in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines.


dimethylallyltranstransferase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that converts dimethylallylpyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate into farnesylpyrophosphate.


dimethylargininase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction N-omega,N-omega'-methyl-L-arginine + H₂O ⇌ dimethylamine + L-citrulline.


dolichyldiphosphatase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction dolichyl diphosphate + H₂O ⇌ dolichyl phosphate + phosphate.


exodeoxyribonuclease

(biochemistry) Any of a group of esterases that catalyze the division of DNA.


backstep

(fluid mechanics) Flow over a backward-facing step.


carnosinase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of Xaa!His dipeptides.


chlorophyllase

chlorophyllase (countable and uncountable, plural chlorophyllases)

(biochemistry) The main enzyme in chlorophyll metabolism; the catalyst for the hydrolysis of chlorophyll to produce chlorophyllide and phytol.


clostripain

It was isolated from Clostridium histolyticum.

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteinases that cleaves proteins on the carboxyl peptide bond of arginine.


creatininase

(biochemistry) An amidohydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of creatinine to creatine, which can then be metabolised to urea and sarcosine by creatinase.


cobalt chelatase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + hydrogenobyrinic acid a,c-diamide + Co²⁺ + H₂O ⇌ ADP + phosphate + cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide + H⁺.


phirotope

(physics) A generalization of oriented matroid chirotopes for complex point configurations.


peptidyl-glycinamidase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of C-terminal glycinamide from polypeptides.


sepiapterin reductase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of various carbonyl substances, including derivatives of pteridines.


thermitase

Obtained from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. See -ase.

(biochemistry) A peptidase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins.


information engine

information engine (plural information engines)

(thermodynamics) A theoretical engine that converts information into energy for use in work, decreasing heat entropy in the process.


Wheeler-DeWitt equation

Named after John Archibald Wheeler and Bryce DeWitt.

Hamiltonian constraint
Hamiltonian constraint

(physics) An equation that attempts to meld the ideas of quantum mechanics and general relativity. It describes the quantum version of the Hamiltonian constraint using metric variables.


levanase

(biochemistry) levan hydrolase, an enzyme that catalyses the random hydrolysis of (2->6)-beta-D-fructofuranosidic linkages in (2->6)-beta-D-fructans (levans) containing more than three fructose units.


Venus zone

Venus (planet) + zone, from being the zone where a Venus-like planet will acquire a Venus-like climate.

A theoretical orbital zone around a star that will result in an Earth-like planet existing in an orbit in the zone having a runaway greenhouse effect, similar to that found on Venus in our Solar System. The inner edge of the zone is where solar radiation is intense enough to strip the atmosphere of a planet away. The outer edge is where solar radiation is insufficient to power a runaway greenhouse.


ethanolaminephosphotransferase

(biochemistry) A transferase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction CDP-ethanolamine + 1,2-diacylglycerol ⇌ CMP + a phosphatidylethanolamine.


maximon

(physics) A hypothetical elementary particle of maximum mass in the mass spectrum of elementary particles having mass of 5 × 10²⁸ eV.


betavoltaic

pertaining to electricity of beta rays from beta radiation due to beta particles


cresolase

monophenol monooxygenase
monophenol monooxygenase


tidal lock

[…] [T]he moon's familiar patchwork of dark and light splotches. It's the only side of the moon we ever see from home base, a result of Earth's having yanked its satellite into a so-called tidal lock: The time it takes the moon to rotate once on its axis is the same as the four weeks it takes to orbit Earth, which means the same side is always turned toward us.

2014 September 7, Natalie Angier, “The Moon comes around again [print version: Revisiting a moon that still has secrets to reveal: Supermoon revives interest in its violent origins and hidden face, International New York Times, 10 September 2014, p. 8]”, in The New York Times:

(astronomy) Alternative form of tidal locking


graser

Acronym of Gamma Ray Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

acronym

The Russians are working on the graser. One B. V. Chirkov has published a theoretical study in the Soviet Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics. He thinks a very pure crystal, "pumped" with a powerful source of radiation (such a "hard" X rays), much as a ruby crystal is pumped with high-intensity light in one form of laser, could be stimulated to emit coherent gamma rays—pulses of high-energy radiation perfectly in step.

1964 February, Wallace Cloud, “Science newsfront”, in Popular Science Monthly, volume 184, number 2, →ISSN, page 29:

Not lasers. Grasers. Gamma Ray Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

1974 October, Harlan Ellison, “Adrift Just Off the Islets of Langerhans: Latitude 38° 54' N, Longitude 77° 00' 13" W”, in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction, volume 47, number 4, page 59:

electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation

(physics, science fiction) A device for the coherent amplification or generation of electromagnetic radiation in the gamma ray wavelength by the use of excitation energy in resonant atomic or molecular systems.


antilogue

analogue

antonym(s) of “of the magnetic pole that becomes positive when heated and negative when cooled”

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀντίλογος (antílogos, “contradictory, reverse”), from ἀντιλέγω (antilégō, “speak against, gainsay, contradict”).

bor

(mineralogy, electricity, in pyroelectric substances such as tourmaline) of or pertaining to the magnetic pole that becomes negative as its temperature increases and positive as its temperature decreases

antíleg

of the magnetic pole which is negative when heated and positive when cooled

antilogous

of the magnetic pole that becomes negative when heated and positive when cooled


dGTPase

(biochemistry) A hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction dGTP + H₂O ⇌ deoxyguanosine + triphosphate.


lightning fast

(idiomatic) Extremely fast, fast as lightning.


mercury switch

en-noun

mercury switch (plural mercury switches)

A switch that opens and closes an electric circuit through a small amount of liquid mercury.


trans-Mars injection

trans-Mars injection (plural trans-Mars injections)

(astrodynamics) an orbital burn (rocket firing) used to change orbit from local orbit, to a Mars transfer orbit (a Solar orbit that will intercept the planet Mars).


tickle the dragon's tail

en-verb

tickle the dragon's tail (third-person singular simple present tickles the dragon's tail, present participle tickling the dragon's tail, simple past and past participle tickled the dragon's tail)

tickles the dragon's tail (present singular third-person)
tickling the dragon's tail (participle present)
tickled the dragon's tail (participle past)
tickled the dragon's tail (past)

Los Alamos National Laboratory
Louis Slotin

From the obvious risk of tickling a dragon's tail. In physics, it was coined by American physicist Richard Feynman to describe the experiments of Louis Slotin at Los Alamos National Laboratory.

coin

The laboratory head tickles the dragon's tail whenever we have guests as a show of machismo.

Every real boy likes to tickle the dragon's tail. Maybe I was a little old for it, but that's what I was doing there in the Moran III jungle. I got the shield off my cigarette lighter and jerked out the dinky little damper rods for the pile and started easing the two little bricks toward each other with the point of my lead pencil

1957, Jim Harman, “Break a Leg”, in Galaxy Magazine, volume 6, numbers 1-6, page 130:

PHYSICIST SLOTIN (manipulating the two hemispheres of the bomb at a table): Come closer. Watch me tickle the Dragon's tail

1993, James Erwin Schevill, 5 Plays 5, page 52:

And so it happened that Japan and the United States had also tickled the dragon's tail. The two subcritical masses called pride and cultural misunderstanding had been shoved together into one critical mass.

1995, George Robert Caron, Charlotte E. Meares, Fire of a Thousand Suns: The George R. "Bob" Caron Story, page 219:

Were this assembly functional, a person might manipulate the bricks of the radiant castlelike structure to slow down the neutrons, to "tickle the dragon's tail," as Morland writes

2003, Jonathan P. Binstock, Jim Sanborn, Atomic Time: Pure Science and Seduction, page 13:

(nuclear physics) To bring two subcritical masses close together in order to find the edge of criticality.


BAL

en-noun

BAL (countable and uncountable, plural BALs)

broad absorption line
broad absorption line#English

broad absorption line trough
broad absorption line trough#English

(astrophysics) Initialism of broad absorption line. / Initialism of broad absorption line trough.


μ-scope

The optical micrographs of the samples were taken by the model inverted phase contrast, μ-scope, Nikon-Eclipse, TE-2000 μ & Nikon Digital camera DXM 1200F.

2009 June 27, Prashant Shukla, Mulayam S Gaur, “Thermally Stimulated Discharge Current Spectra and UV-vis Absorption in Polymethylmethacrylate Electret”, in Iranian Polymer Journal, volume 18, number 7, pages 535–541:

μ-scope obj.

2012, Lionel Bureau, Muriel Vayssade, “Collapse, Compression, and Adhesion of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Brushes, Figure 3.1”, in Polymer Brushes: Substrates, Technologies, and Properties, page 52:

In order to reach high pressures, the samples were loaded into a diamond-anvil cell μ-scope DAC HT(S) from Almax easyLab with a diamond of 0.4 mm culets.

2014, Mirosław Mączka et al., “Raman and IR Studies of Pressure-and Temperature-Induced Phase Transitions in [(CH2) 3NH2][Zn (HCOO) 3]”, in Inorganic Chemistry:

Alternative form of μscope as an abbreviation of microscope.


μscope

Spectra (4000–650 cm⁻¹ ; 128 interferograms, 4 cm⁻¹ resolution) were recorded in left μscope reflection mode (%R) using a single element mercury cadmium telluride (MCT/A) detector.

2010 January 1, Dimitrios A. Lamprou et al., “Self-assembled structures of alkanethiols on gold-coated cantilever tips and substrates for atomic force microscopy: Molecular organisation and conditions for reproducible deposition”, in Applied Surface Science, volume 256, number 6:

40x μscope lens

2010, Elena Boldyreva, Przemyslaw Dera, “Figure 1”, in High-Pressure Crystallography, page 217:

X-ray ultra μscope

2014, Michael Nastasi, James W. Mayer, Yongqiang Wang, “Figure 10.13”, in Ion Beam Analysis: Fundamentals and Applications, page 215:


radiation impedance

radiation impedance (countable and uncountable, plural radiation impedances)

(acoustics) The impedance of any vibrating solid or fluid that radiates sound in the surrounding medium.


post office box

post office box (plural post office boxes)

(electricity) A test instrument once used by telephone engineers.


Dirac string

Named after the physicist Paul Dirac, who conceived the idea.

(physics) A hypothetical one-dimensional curve in space, stretching between two Dirac magnetic monopoles with opposite magnetic charges, or from one magnetic monopole out to infinity.


radwaste

radwaste (countable and uncountable, plural radwastes)


longitudinal wave

longitudinal wave (plural longitudinal waves)

(physics) Any wave in which the direction of disturbance is parallel to the direction of travel.


ECE

Initialism of electrical and computer engineering.


MECO

(astronautics) Acronym of main engine cut-off.

magnetospheric eternally collapsing object#English

(astrophysics) Acronym of magnetospheric eternally collapsing object.


macroplastic

macroplastic (countable and uncountable, plural macroplastics)

Relatively large particles of plastic found especially in the marine environment (typically more than about 5 mm)


mesoplastic

mesoplastic (countable and uncountable, plural mesoplastics)

particles of plastic found especially in the marine environment (typically about 10 mm)


Tucker telephone

Tucker telephone (plural Tucker telephones)

Named after the Tucker State Prison Farm, where its inventor Dr. A. E. Rollins worked.

The inmate doctor wired him up on the "Tucker Telephone" with one wire to his penis and another to his big toe.

1992, British Medical Association, quoting Case report: Tucker State Prison Farm, Tucker, Arkansas (1966), Medicine Betrayed: The Participation of Doctors in Human Rights Abuses, Zed Books, page 33:

Although they enjoined the use of the Tucker telephone and similar instruments of torture, they noted that the Department of Corrections had dismissed a number of officials implicated in past violations and had instituted new rules to govern corporal punishment.

2000 March 18, Malcolm M. Feeley with Edward L. Rubin, Judicial Policy Making and the Modern State: How the Courts Reformed America's Prisons, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 57:

A torture device for giving electric shocks, designed using parts from an old-fashioned crank telephone.


triacetoxyborohydride

(organic chemistry) The anion formally derived from borohydride by replacing three hydrogen atoms with acetoxy groups; any salt containing this anion


plastisphere

From plastic + -sphere, analogous to biosphere. Coined by American biologist Linda Amaral-Zettler.

coin

Welcome to the plastisphere

2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

(The Plastisphere is one of the many industrial-natural ecosystems that characterize the Anthropocene.) Cleaning ocean plastics, even if it were technologically possible on a scale that would make a difference, would disrupt and destroy the life we would be trying to save in the first place.

2014, Marina Zurkow, The Petroleum Manga, punctum books, →DOI, →ISBN, page 24:

Freshwater and marine habitats share a number of features, but there are also differences between them that may affect the development and activities of plastisphere consortia.

2017, Martin Wagner, Scott Lambert, Freshwater Microplastics: Emerging Environmental Contaminants?, Springer, →ISBN, page 183:

(ecology) The ecosystem on the surface of a piece of plastic (especially in a marine environment).


autodynamics

Lorentz transformation
Lorentz transformation

(physics) A discredited theory proposed by Ricardo Carezani in the early 1940s as a replacement for Einstein's theories of special relativity and general relativity, claiming that the equations of the Lorentz transformation are incorrectly formulated, that the neutrino does not exist, and that there are some additional particles and decay modes.


nuclear charge

(nuclear physics) The electric charge of a nucleus of an atom, equal to the number of protons in the nucleus times the elementary charge.


exolipase

(biochemistry) Any form of lipase acting as an exoenzyme


TMO

(solid state physics) Initialism of transition metal oxide.


IGZO

indium gallium zinc oxide
indium gallium zinc oxide#English

(semiconductor physics) Initialism of indium gallium zinc oxide: an oxide-semiconductor with the chemical formula InGaO₃(ZnO)₅


sulfurase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses a reaction involving elemental sulfur.


spincaloritronics

(physics) The interaction of electron spins with heat currents within magnetic materials.


superclassical

(physics) Describing any of several extensions to classical physics that aim to replace quantum physics


subquantum

(physics) Describing any of several approaches to describe physical phenomena by means of hidden variables or other alternatives to quantum physics


superdeterminant

(physics) The equivalent of a determinant in superdeterminism


electronlike

en-adj

electronlike (comparative more electronlike, superlative most electronlike)

more electronlike (comparative)
most electronlike (superlative)

(physics) Having the characteristics of an electron


nanodecomposition

(chemistry, physics) nanoscale decomposition


premeasurement

We would like now to show that the counterpart of the conditional probability ℘(jǀk) in quantum mechanics is indeed the probability of a final detection event, which, given a certain experimental context (a premeasurement), allows us to finally ascribe a property to the object system (the system that has been measured).

2015, Shan Gao, Protective Measurement and Quantum Reality, →ISBN, page 42:

(physics) The preparation of a system for obtaining a desired result, typically the confinement of an object system in a small but macroscopic region of space-time.


pseudothermal

(physics) Having characteristics similar to those of a thermal object or thermal radiation.


refermionization

en-noun

refermionization (countable and uncountable, plural refermionizations)

(physics) A second or subsequent fermionization.


Alcubierre drive

Alcubierre drive (plural Alcubierre drives)

Named after theoretical physicist Miguel Alcubierre.

A hypothetical means of faster-than-light propulsion, based on the controlled contraction and expansion of surrounding space.


Fleming's right-hand rule

Named after British engineer John Ambrose Fleming, who invented it.

(physics) A mnemonic that uses the right hand to show the direction of induced current when a conductor moves in a magnetic field.


LTPS

(semiconductor physics) Initialism of low-temperature polysilicon.


fibrolase

(biochemistry) fibrinolytic proteinase: a hydrolase enzyme found in the venom of the southern copperhead snake


YSO

young stellar object
young stellar object#English

(initialism) Abbreviation of young stellar object.


transgalactic

Between or beyond the boundaries of galaxies.


quasi-stellar object

quasi-stellar object (plural quasi-stellar objects)

From quasi- + stellar + object, from its appearance as a point-like object similar to a star, but with a spectrum unlike that found in a star.


quasi-stellar radio-source

quasi-stellar radio-source (plural quasi-stellar radio-sources)

From quasi- + stellar + radio + source, from its appearance as a point-like object similar to a star, which is also a source of radio-energy, but with a spectrum unlike that found in a star.


selenoenzyme

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that contains a selenium atom.


thioltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that catalyzes the transfer of a thiol group


HEO

highly elliptical orbit
highly elliptical orbit#English

(space science) Initialism of highly elliptical orbit.

GEO

geostationary orbit / geostationary Earth orbit

GSO

geosynchronous orbit / geosynchronous Earth orbit


DRO

distant retrograde orbit
distant retrograde orbit#English

(space science) Abbreviation of distant retrograde orbit.


Wien approximation

(physics) A law of physics used to describe the spectrum of thermal radiation.


EELS

electron energy loss spectroscopy#English

(spectroscopy) Initialism of electron energy loss spectroscopy.


TPD

(spectroscopy) Initialism of temperature programmed desorption.

TPD (disambiguation)
temperature programmed desorption


anti-Stokes

(spectroscopy, in combination) Relating to a Stokes shift to lower (rather than higher) wavelengths

آنتیاستوکس

relating to a Stokes shift to lower wavelengths


blitzar

Heino Falcke
Luciano Rezzolla
en:blitzar

Blend of blitz + star. Proposed in 2013 by Heino Falcke and Luciano Rezzolla. Analyzable as blitz + -ar.

fast radio burst
fast radio burst#English

(astronomy, neologism) A phenomenon that emits a fast radio burst.


pseudostreamer

From pseudo- + streamer (“a loop-like structure in the corona of a star”).

prefix

(astrophysics) A bright loop-like structure in the corona of a star, similar to a helmet streamer, but connecting coronal holes of the same magnetic polarity.


coronal hole

(astrophysics) A region in the corona of a star where magnetic field lines extend out into space, allowing solar wind to escape.


helmet streamer

en-noun

helmet streamer (plural helmet streamers)

(astrophysics) A bright loop-like discharge of stellar matter in the corona of a star, connecting coronal holes of opposite magnetic polarity.


Fermi gas

(physics) A gas composed of a large number of fermions.


Marangoni effect

Marangoni effect (plural Marangoni effects)

Named after Italian physicist Carlo Marangoni, who published on the subject in 1865.

(fluid mechanics) The mass transfer along an interface between two fluids due to surface tension gradient.


nanoionics

(physics) The study and application of ion transport in nanoscale solid-state devices


Maxwellisation

James Clerk Maxwell
Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution
Robert Maxwell

From Maxwell + -isation (suffix forming nouns denoting the act, process, or result of doing something).
Sense 1 is named after the Scottish scientist James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) who first formulated what is now called the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution, a probability distribution originally used for describing particle speeds in idealized gases, in 1860. Sense 2 is named after the British media proprietor and fraudster Robert Maxwell (1923–1991) who brought a court case in respect of a 1969 British government report that was critical of his conduct. The Court of Appeal of England and Wales held that he should have been shown the draft final conclusions of the inquiry so that he could respond to them.

suffix

Maxwellisation of high-energy electrons

(physics) The property of exhibiting a Maxwellian distribution (or Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution), especially as regards the speed of a particle.

property of exhibiting a Maxwellian distribution, especially as regards the speed of a particle


tricapped

(physical chemistry, of a molecule) Having nine atoms, groups of atoms, or ligands arranged around a central atom, defining the vertices of a triaugmented triangular prism.


XRR

(spectroscopy) Initialism of X-ray reflectivity.


GISAXS

(spectroscopy) Initialism of grazing incidence small-angle x-ray scattering.


radium jaw

A disease, with necrosis of the jaw and bleeding of the gums, caused by the ingestion of radium and its subsequent absorption into the bones.


molecular core

a dense core found in molecular clouds which lead to the formation of stars

protostellar core

a molecular core which contains a protostar or YSO


thermoballistic

(physics) Subject to both thermal and ballistic influences


braid statistics

(mathematics, physics) A generalization of the statistics of bosons and fermions based on the concept of braid group.


LyC

en-noun

LyC (countable and uncountable, plural LyCs)

(uncountable, physics) Abbreviation of Lyman continuum.

Lyman continuum photon
Lyman continuum photon#English

(countable, physics) Abbreviation of Lyman continuum photon.


normal mode

(mechanics, quantum mechanics) A mode of an oscillating system in which all parts of the system move sinusoidally with the same frequency and with a fixed phase relation. The motion described by the normal modes is called resonance.


Peccei-Quinn theory

Formulated by Roberto Peccei and Helen Quinn.

(particle physics) A proposal for the resolution of the strong CP problem. It proposes that the QCD Lagrangian be extended with a CP-violating term known as the θ parameter, and that this should be a dynamic field rather than a constant value. It also predicts the existence of particles called axions.

Helen Quinn
Peccei-Quinn theory
Roberto Peccei


overclose

en-verb

overclose (third-person singular simple present overcloses, present participle overclosing, simple past and past participle overclosed)

overcloses (present singular third-person)
overclosing (participle present)
overclosed (participle past)
overclosed (past)

From Middle English overclosen, equivalent to over- + close (verb).

(physics) To form a closed universe before it has attained its present age.


BDE

en-noun

BDE (countable and uncountable, plural BDEs)

bond dissociation energy
bond dissociation energy#English

(physical chemistry) Initialism of bond dissociation energy.


Euler-Lagrange equation

Euler-Lagrange equation (plural Euler-Lagrange equations)

Named after the Swiss mathematician and physicist Leonhard Euler (1707–1783), and the Italian-born French mathematician and astronomer Joseph Louis Lagrange (1736–1813).

differential equation
differential equation

calculus of variations
calculus of variations

principle of least action
principle of least action

(mechanics, analytical mechanics) A differential equation which describes a function mathbf q(t) which describes a stationary point of a functional, S( mathbf q)=∫L(t, mathbf q(t), mathbf ̇q(t)),dt, which represents the action of mathbf q(t), with L representing the Lagrangian. The said equation (found through the calculus of variations) is ∂L/∂ mathbf q=d/dt∂L/∂ mathbf ̇q and its solution for mathbf q(t) represents the trajectory of a particle or object, and such trajectory should satisfy the principle of least action.

Euler-Lagrange equation
Joseph Louis Lagrange
Leonhard Euler


acoustoelastic

(physics) Relating to the acoustic properties of an elastic material when under stress


Faraday bag

For instance. when a cell phone is found. proper forensic protocol may call for it to be placed in a Faraday bag, which prevents stray signals from going in or out.

2006, Scott Christianson, Bodies of Evidence: Forensic Science and Crime, page 171:

A bag made of a material that blocks electromagnetic signals, and employing special sewing techniques such as dual paired seam construction, used to hold devices such as cell phones in order to prevent outside signals from interfering with the contents of the device.


REB

Borrowed from Russian РЭБ (REB), abbreviation of радиоэлектронная борьба (radioelektronnaja borʹba, “radio-electronic combat”).

Even though the relationship between the Information Troops and the existing REB Troops is not completely clear, REB Troops were one of the few elements of the Russian forces whose performance did not suffer intense cricisism
[note] REB Troops are the Voyska radioelektronnoy bor’by, or Voyska REB — the Russian military’s electronic warfare branch.

2012, “A Slovenian Perspective on Cyber Warfare”, in Daniel Ventre, editor, Cyber Conflict: Competing National Perspectives, London: John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN:

The Russian command created groupings of radio-electronic combat (REB) forces designed to work at the tactical control level. During the First Chechen War, REB forces experienced a narrow frequency range for their equipment and an insufficient level of automation.

2003, Anne C. Aldis, Roger N. McDermott eds., Russian Military Reform 1992–2002, London: Frank Cass Publishers, →ISBN:

The development of a nuclear-powered ship with a standard-displacement of a 75,000–80,000 tons with an aircraft fleet of “No less than 7 LAk [carrier-based aircraft],” which included fighter aircraft, ground attack aircraft, and ASW, RTR [radio-relay support], REB [electronic warfare], and RLD [radar picket] aircraft and various types of helicopters.

1992, Warship International, volume 29, Rutland, Mass.: International Naval Research Organization, page 210:

(chiefly in a Russian context) electronic warfare and related techniques, equipment, or troops.


lactonase

lactonase (countable and uncountable, plural lactonases)

(biochemistry) A metalloenzyme, produced by certain bacteria, that targets and inactivates acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs)


aftersound

(acoustics) The second, slower phase of decay in the sound made by a piano string when it is struck.


leucyltransferase

(biochemistry) A transferase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-leucyl-tRNA + protein ⇌ tRNA + L-leucyl-protein.


dark sector

From dark + sector. From being named after dark matter and dark energy, and being portion (sector) of a whole (universe).

(astrophysics, cosmology, astronomy, physics) The unknown portion of the Universe outside standard physics, including dark matter and dark energy.

The fraction of the universe that is dark matter and dark energy.


lumbrokinase

lumbrokinase (countable and uncountable, plural lumbrokinases)

(biochemistry) A collective name for various fibrinolytic enzymes present in various earthworms, especially Lumbricus bimastus and Lumbricus rubellus.


Einstein ring

Named after Albert Einstein, whose theory of general relativity predicted gravitational lensing.

Thus, clusters of galaxies with masses M ∼ 10¹⁵M_⊙ at cosmological distances can result in Einstein rings with angular radii tens of arcseconds.

2008, Malcolm Longair, Galaxy Formation, 2nd edition, Springer, page 130:

The many constraints that the images of Einstein rings provide, allow us to determine the slope of the mass distribution in the lensing galaxy.
In 1988, the first example of an "Einstein ring" was discovered by Jackie Hewitt [Hew].

2012, Arlie O. Petters, Harold Levine, Joachim Wambsganss, Singularity Theory and Gravitational Lensing, Springer, page 155:

This is quite a bit larger than the cores in most clusters, so clusters are unlikely to produce dramatic signatures such as Einstein rings.

2017, Scott Dodelson, Gravitational Lensing, Cambridge University Press, page 48:

gravitational mirage
gravitational mirage

(astronomy) A ring-shaped gravitational mirage; an image of a distant light source, such as a galaxy, which has been distorted into a ring by a gravitational lens.

anneau d’Einstein

image distorted into a ring by a gravitational lens


maon

From Mao (referring to Mao Zedong) + -on, coined in 1977 by American theoretical physicist Sheldon L. Glashow in remembrance of Mao, who firmly holds that matter is endlessly divisible.

(physics, historical) A general term for any hypothetical particle of which a quark or lepton is consisted; a preon.


keratinase

(biochemistry) A proteolytic proteinase enzyme produced in the presence of keratin-containing substrate.


(physics) A radioactive isotope, ⁸⁵₃₆Kr, having thirty-six protons and forty-nine neutrons


gonihedric

From a combination of Ancient Greek γωνῐ́ᾱ (gōníā, “corner, angle”) and ἕδρᾱ (hédrā, “seat; face of a regular solid”) + -ic.

uder

(mathematics, quantum mechanics) of or pertaining to the generalization of the Feynman path integral to an integral over random surfaces


junction box

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) A box through which the main conductors of a system of electric distribution pass, and where connection is made with branch circuits or to extend circuits.


ergal

Coined by Rudolf Clausius in 1870 (On a Mechanical Theorem Applicable to Heat), derived from Ancient Greek ἔργον (érgon).

w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909

(physics, archaic) potential energy; negative value of the force function


jump spark

A spark produced by the jumping of electricity across a permanent gap.


side flash

en-verb

side flash (third-person singular simple present side flashes, present participle side flashing, simple past and past participle side flashed)

side flashes (present singular third-person)
side flashing (participle present)
side flashed (participle past)
side flashed (past)

The charge traveled down the aluminum mast, and, not finding a path to ground, it side-flashed, blowing out the boat's hull.

2010, Brunonia Barry, The Map of True Places, New York, N.Y.: William Morrow, →ISBN, page 243:

(intransitive) Of electricity: to create a side flash.


star lifting

(science fiction) A hypothetical process wherein a portion of a star's mass is removed, generally to serve as an energy source.


Tipler time machine

en-noun

Tipler time machine (plural Tipler time machines)


Penrose process

Named after English mathematician Roger Penrose.

A hypothetical process whereby the ergosphere of a black hole can be used as an energy source due to its angular momentum.


van Stockum dust

Named for Willem Jacob van Stockum, who rediscovered it in 1937, independently of an earlier discovery by Cornelius Lanczos in 1924.

Einstein field equation
Einstein field equation

(physics) In general relativity, an exact solution of the Einstein field equation in which the gravitational field is generated by dust rotating about an axis of cylindrical symmetry.


Joule's cycle

(thermodynamics) The cycle for the air engine proposed by Joule. In it air is taken by a pump from a cold chamber and compressed adiabatically until its pressure is equal to that of the air in a hot chamber, into which it is then delivered, thereby displacing an equal amount of hot air into the engine cylinder. Here it expands adiabatically to the temperature of the cold chamber into which it is finally exhausted. This cycle, reversed, is used in refrigeration.


kinit

Compare kinetic. Proposed by J. D. Everett, an English physicist.

(physics, obsolete) A unit of force equal to the force which, acting for one second, will give a pound a velocity of one foot per second.


ergon

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἔργον (érgon). Doublet of erg and work.
In philosophy, the word is loaned in its capacity as a technical term in Aristotelianism, in English usage following Alexander Grant, The Ethics of Aristotle (1857).
In classical thermodynamics, the term is coined as translating German Werk. Rudolf Clausius (1864) made a technical distinction between Werk and Arbeit, both translating to English "work", and suggested Ergon for the purposes of the translation of his terminology into other modern languages.
The author has used the German word Werk, which is almost synonymous with Arbeit, but proposes the term Ergon as more suitable for introduction into other languages. The Greek word ἔργον is so closely allied to the English word work, that both are quite well suited to designate two magnitudes which are essentially the same, but measured according to different units.
—T.A.H.", T. A. Hirst (trans.), The Mechanical Theory of Heat (1867), Appendix A. to Sixth Memoir [1864], "On Terminology" (translator's note), p. 254.

blockquote

T.A.H.", T. A. Hirst (trans.), The Mechanical Theory of Heat (1867), Appendix A. to Sixth Memoir 􂀿1864􂁀, "On Terminology" (translator's note), p. 254.

(physics) Work, measured in terms of the quantity of heat to which it is equivalent.


funicity

Coined by Viktor Weisskopf from the name of Ireneo Funes, a character who lost his ability to forget, in Jorge Luis Borges' short story Funes the Memorious (Funes el memorioso, 1942). See -ic, -ity.

For some quark, perhaps, the measure of its funicity is zero.

1995, David Hawkins, “The Grand Laws of Scale”, in Thinking Physics for Teaching:

(physics) An inbuilt quality of materials that permanently “remember” their original time and place of creation.


fictitious force

en-noun

fictitious force (plural fictitious forces)

inertial frame of reference
inertial frame of reference

(physics) A force that appears to act on masses in a non-inertial frame of reference.


apochromatism

chromatic aberration
chromatic aberration

spherical aberration
spherical aberration

(optics) Freedom from both chromatic aberration and spherical aberration.


auxetometer

(optics) An instrument for measuring the magnifying power of a lens or system of lenses.


cascade method

(physics) A method of attaining successively lower temperatures by using the cooling effect of the expansion of one gas in condensing another less easily liquefiable, and so on.


barad

From the Ancient Greek word for "weight". See baro-.

(physics, obsolete) A unit of pressure, equal to one dyne per square centimeter.


Debye sphere

(physics) A volume whose radius is the Debye length, in which there is a sphere of influence, and outside of which charges are electrically screened.


Bjerrum length

Named after Danish chemist Niels Bjerrum (1879–1958).

(physics) The separation at which the electrostatic interaction between two elementary charges is comparable in magnitude to the thermal energy scale.


m.p.

Malic acid is a crystalline white solid (m.p. 100°C) and is highly soluble in water.

2008, Dr. David Steen, Philip R. Ashurst, editors, Carbonated Soft Drinks: Formulation and Manufacture, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 62:

(chemistry, physics) Abbreviation of melting point.


Carnot's cycle

(thermodynamics) An ideal heat-engine cycle in which the working fluid goes through four successive operations: (1) isothermal expansion to a desired point; (2) adiabatic expansion to a desired point; (3) isothermal compression to such a point that (4) adiabatic compression brings it back to its initial state.

कार्नो चक्र

an ideal heat-engine cycle in which the working fluid goes through four successive operations


tenebrescence

tenebrescence (usually uncountable, plural tenebrescences)

Learned borrowing from Latin tenebrēscēns, present participle of tenebrēscere (“to grow dark”).

lbor

Most fundamental investigations of tenebrescence have dealt exclusively with the alkali halides, since, in addition to their relative simplicity, they were readily available in large single crystals of high optical purity. The reversible discoloration of alkali halides was originally observed by E. Goldstein late in the last century.

1954, The American Mineralogist, volume 39, page 616:

(physics) Reversible photochromism; the ability of a material to change colour when exposed to sunlight.


photochronograph

(physics) An instrument for recording very short intervals of time. The record is made by the power of a magnetic field, due to an electric signaling current, to turn the plane of polarization of light. A flash, coinciding in time and duration with the signal, is thus produced and is photographed on a moving plate.


stress function

en-noun

stress function (plural stress functions)

(physics) A function that finds a more tractable method for the elastic equations that describe the deformation of an elastic body subject only to boundary surface forces.


partition function

partition function (plural partition functions)

statistical mechanics
statistical mechanics

correlation function
correlation function

(statistical mechanics) function Z[J] that is the generating function of the correlation function


distribution function

distribution function (plural distribution functions)

(mathematics, physics) A function of seven variables of the form f(x,y,z,t;v_x,v_y,v_z) that gives the number of particles per unit volume in single-particle phase space.


autogravitation

(physics) The gravitational effect that a system exerts on itself


calorific ray

(physics, obsolete) infrared ray, heat ray


dipositive

a dipositive ion

(physics) Carrying two units of positive charge.


unipositive

a unipositive ion

(physics) Carrying one unit of positive charge.


continuously habitable zone

continuously habitable zone (plural continuously habitable zones)

(astrobiology) the restricted zone around a sun where the ever shifting habitable zone is always present throughout the main sequence lifetime of that star.

circumstellar habitable zone

stellar habitable zone / solar habitable zone


galactic habitable zone

galactic habitable zone (plural galactic habitable zones)

(astrobiology, astronomy) the zone in a disk galaxy lying within the disk which is neither too far from the core so as to be lacking in heavier elements, nor too close to the core as to experience excessive exposures to supernovae, where intelligent life may develop


antitime

(physics) A hypothetical construct that resembles time but somehow opposes or counteracts it.

antitempo

a hypothetical construct that resembles time but somehow opposes or counteracts it


Wheatstone's rod

Wheatstone's rod (plural Wheatstone's rods)

Named after Charles Wheatstone, who devised them.

(acoustics) Either of a pair of flexible rods whose periods of vibration in two planes at right angles are in some exact ratio to one another. When one end of such a rod is fixed, the free end describes through vibration the corresponding Lissajous figure.


kugelblitz

Specifically, what she’s talking about is called a kugelblitz—a kind of black hole formed not from the collapse of matter, but from an overwhelming intensity of heat or radiation...or light.

2022, N. K. Jemisin, The World We Make, Orbit, page 303:

(theoretical physics) A concentration of light so intense that it forms an event horizon and becomes self-trapped, forming a black hole.


Crookes space

After Sir William Crookes, English chemist, who first described it.

(physics, dated) The dark space within the negative-pole glow at the cathode of a vacuum tube, observed only when the pressure is low enough to give a striated discharge.


Becquerel ray

Radioactivity was discovered in 1896 by the French scientist Henri Becquerel.

(physics, archaic) A radioactive ray of any kind.


derma ray

Perhaps because they were found to cause dermatitis.

(physics, archaic) A weak radioactive ray arising from the impact of cathode particles with the molecules of gas contained in an X-ray tube or with the glass walls of the tube.


Röntgenize

en-verb

Röntgenize (third-person singular simple present Röntgenizes, present participle Röntgenizing, simple past and past participle Röntgenized)

Röntgenizes (present singular third-person)
Röntgenizing (participle present)
Röntgenized (participle past)
Röntgenized (past)

(physics, transitive, dated) To render (air or other gas) conducting by the passage of X-rays.


NCC

(Philippines) Initialism of New Clark City.


subevent

(physics) A component of a complex event, such as a collision between large particles.


photorecombination

en-noun

photorecombination (countable and uncountable, plural photorecombinations)

(physics, chemistry) recombination influenced by light


Rayleigh wave

(physics) A kind of surface acoustic wave that travels on solids.


spectrophone

(physics) An instrument that is used to investigate the vibration of polyatomic gases by measuring pressure vibrations in the gas upon radiation with infrared light


cathodograph

(physics, archaic) An X-ray image; a radiograph.


hotel load

Possibly from the fact that this type of electrical load relates to the human occupancy aspects of a vehicle such as air conditioning and lighting, analogous to the features of a hotel.

Auxiliary power units provide electricity to all systems aboard a ship except main propulsion. These systems include hotel services (lighting, plumbing, and pumps for water), […] Cruise ships […] have big hotel loads; hence, quiet, unobtrusive fuel cell auxiliary power units may be particularly suited for this type of ship.

1986 February, Office of Technology Assessment, United States Congress, “Other Transportation Applications”, in Marine Applications for Fuel Cell Technology: A Technical Memorandum, Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 29, column 1:

As well as providing the propulsive power, the batteries also have to provide power for the operation of sensors, weapons and auxiliary machinery and those for habitability, ventilation and air-conditioning of the crew. They constitute a steady drain on the batteries, governed by the length of time submerged, and together are termed the Hotel Load.

1994, Roy Burcher, Louis J. Rydill, Concepts in Submarine Design (Cambridge Ocean Technology Series; 2), Cambridge, New York, N.Y.: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 125–126:

The "hotel load" (i.e., the electricity required for people), in watts per square foot, was multiplied by the module area[…].

1997 May, “Appendix C: Environmental Impacts Analysis Methods”, in Final Waste Management Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Managing Treatment, Storage, and Disposal of Radioactive and Hazardous Waste (DOE/EIS-0200-F), volume III of V, Washington, D.C.: Office of Environmental Management, United States Department of Energy, →OCLC, page C-17:

[I]n heavy-duty, long haul trucking as much as 40 percent of engine run time is spent idling to provide auxiliary (nonmotive) power. Many of these energy demands are "hotel" loads, for example, heating or cooling a sleeping/living compartment, refrigerators, stoves, entertainment systems, and so forth.

2003?, Kenneth S. Kurani, Daniel Sperling, “Introduction to the VIII Biennial Asilomar Conference on Transportation, Energy, and Environmental Policy: Managing Transitions”, in Dan Sperling, Ken Kurani, editors, Transportation, Energy, and Environmental Policy: VIII Biennial Asilomar Conference, September 11–12, 2001, Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, →ISBN, page 9:

Here the total electrical power consumed by the vehicle, P, is equal to the sum of the propulsion power, P#x5F;#x7B;prop#x7D; and hotel load, H. Hotel load is simply the power consumed by all subsystems other than propulsion.

2009, J. G. Bellingham, “Platforms: Autonomous Underwater Vehicles”, in Steve A. Thorpe, editor, Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences: Measurement Techniques, Platforms and Sensors, London, Burlington, Mass., San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 164, column 1:

(electrical engineering) The electrical load caused by all systems on a vehicle (especially a marine vessel or a truck) other than propulsion.


glucase

(dated, biochemistry) Any enzyme that converts starch into glucose.


coelectron

(physics, archaic) A positive free ion left behind when other electrons have joined onto other ions and become negative.


ondoscope

(physics) An instrument that detects (and visualizes) the presence of high-frequency radiation


feed-in

A system whereby users with small-scale, renewable generators may supply electricity to the grid and get paid for it.


enrichener

(mechanics, nonstandard) The choke of a motor vehicle.


Chernobyl syndrome

Mistrust of nuclear energy technology as a result of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster.


QBism

(quantum mechanics) Acronym of quantum Bayesianism.


aminomutase

(biochemistry) Any mutase that moves an amino group.


carboxyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers a carboxyl group (one that carries out transcarboxylation).


transcarboxylase

(biochemistry) Synonym of carboxyltransferase


chelatase

The properties of these zinc-protoporphyrin chelatases, particularly the one in R. spheroides, are described in detail and their possible metabolic functions discussed.

1964, A Neuberger, “Studies on the biosynthesis of porphyrin and bacteriochlorophyll by Rhodopseudomonas spheroides. 5. Zinc–protoporphyrin chelatase”, in Biochemical Journal:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes chelation, especially that of a specified metal ion


Hagedorn temperature

Discovered by German physicist Rolf Hagedorn in the 1960s.

(physics) The temperature at which hadronic matter (i.e. ordinary matter) is no longer stable, and must either "evaporate" or convert into quark matter.


cobaltochelatase

(biochemistry) Any chelatase that chelates cobalt ions


chondroitinsulfatase

(biochemistry) Any sulfatase that sulfates chondroitin.


deoxyribosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers a deoxyribosyl moiety (between bases)


electrocoupling

electrocoupling (countable and uncountable, plural electrocouplings)

(physics) coupling by means of electric charge


glucanohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any hydrolase that hydrolyses a glucan


glycanohydrolase

(biochemistry) Any hydrolase that hydrolyses a glycan


gyroscale

(physics) The scale of particles in a gyrokinetic plasma.


glyceridase

(biochemistry) Any hydrolase that hydrolyses glycerides


translon

(physics) The quantum of translation in a superfluid


hypermonopole

(physics) A hyperdimensional magnetic monopole


hypertwistor

(physics) A multidimensional generalization of a twistor.


isoenthalp

(physics) A line joining points of constant enthalpy.


mannosylphosphoryltransferase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers mannosyl phosphate residues


metabasin

(physics) Any of multiple regions whose spatial energy distribution has the form of a basin


monophosphokinase

(biochemistry) Any kinase that transfers a single phosphate group


microtrajectory

(mathematics, physics) A microscopic trajectory (one of a series used in calculating a real trajectory)


nitrophenylphosphatase

(biochemistry) Any phosphatase that hydrolyses nitrophenyl phosphate


nucleosidase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a nucleoside, separating the base and the sugar


peroxygenase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the formation of an alcohol by reaction with hydrogen peroxide


phototransfer

The reorganization energy Er in phototransfer is usually greater than in the photoexcitation process due to greater charge redistribution.

1995, Kuznetrsov, Charge Transfer in Physics, Chemistry and Biology, →ISBN, page 384:

The steps for cystamine addition are identical to the conditions for the 5 modification, and the phototransfer reaction is similar in its efficiency.

2000, RNA-Ligand Interactions, Part B: Molecular Biology ..., →ISBN, page 111:

(chemistry, physics) The apparent transfer of electric charge in a material due to illumination


prepilin peptidase

prepilin peptidase (plural prepilin peptidases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that removes a signal peptide from maturing pilins


repump

en-verb

repump (third-person singular simple present repumps, present participle repumping, simple past and past participle repumped)

repumps (present singular third-person)
repumping (participle present)
repumped (participle past)
repumped (past)

(transitive, physics) To use a laser to raise an electron (in an atom or ion etc) back to a previous high state.


atmolyse

atmolyse (third-person singular simple present atmolyses, present participle atmolysing, simple past and past participle atmolysed)

atmolyses (present singular third-person)
atmolysing (participle present)
atmolysed (participle past)
atmolysed (past)

(physical chemistry, historical, transitive) To perform atmolysis on.


propionylcholinesterase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of propionylcholine


pseudoisoenzyme

(biochemistry) A variant conformation of an enzyme (that appears to be an isoenzyme)


pyrophosphotransferase

(biochemistry) Synonym of pyrophosphokinase


pyrophosphokinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that transfers pyrophosphate (diphosphate)


sidemode

(physics) Any of a series of frequencies (usually observed as small peaks) regularly spaced each side of a main frequency


electric arc

A discharge of electricity across a gap, causing ionization of the air (or other gas) and resulting in a bright, hot plasma.


subcondensate

(physics) Any section of a condensate, associated with an occupied band, that has a distinct coherence length; they can interfere constructively or destructively giving rise to an interference pattern in the Cooper pair probability density


symmetron

(physics) A scalar field associated with dark matter


transamidase

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers an amide group.


carbonific

The coating contains a carbonific compound that reacts with the intumescent catalyst to form a carbon residue, and a spumific compound that decomposes to produce large quantities of gas.

1978, Anthony Joseph Papa, Flame Retardancy of Polymeric Materials - Volume 4, page 93:

1979, National Research Council (U.S.). Committee of Fire Safety Aspects of Polymeric Materials, Elements of Polymer Fire Safety and Guide to the Designer, page 49:

The carbonific components may be organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups or oxirane rings.

2000, Fire Retardant Chemicals Association (U.S.). Spring Conference, Fire Safety Developments, page 91:

(physical chemistry) Decomposing to create a greater volume of carbon than the volume of the original material


carbonific

The resultant acid reacts with the carbonific.

1977, Norman I. Gaynes, Testing of organic coatings, page 244:

The phosphoric acid formed by heating the phosphate reacts with the carbonific to accelerate the char formation.

1983, M. Lieff, Fire Resistive Coatings: The Need for Standards : a Symposium, →ISBN:

(physical chemistry) A compound that decomposes to produce a mass of carbon with a greater volume than the original compound.


bulk viscosity

en-noun

bulk viscosity (countable and uncountable, plural bulk viscosities)

(uncountable) resistance to expansion and contraction by a fluid


alcogel

alcogel (countable and uncountable, plural alcogels)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) A colloid where the dispersive media is alcohol.


asymptotia

(mathematics, physics) The condition of being asymptotic


intradyne

(physics, of radiation) Having an overlapping range of frequencies with another


nonmagnet

(physics) Any nonmagnetic material or object


magnetocapillary

(physics) Relating to, or arising from both magnetic and capillary action


pseudoreduced

(thermodynamics) simplified by using pseudocritical parameters


otubain

CysP9 contains a single large ovarian tumor (OTU) domain suggesting it may belong to the otubain or peptidase_C65, and possibly possess functions similar to deubiquitinating enzymes of the peptidase_C65 family.

2015 July 6, “Identification, Characterization and Down-Regulation of Cysteine Protease Genes in Tobacco for Use in Recombinant Protein Production”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteases associated with ovarian tumours


lumazine synthase

DNA vaccines encoding ribosomal L7/L12, lumazine synthase (BLS), P39 (a putative periplasmic binding protein), Omp16 (outer membrane protein) and BAB1_0278 genes have demonstrated to confer protection against B. abortus challenge in mice.

2015 July 8, Elaine MS Dorneles, Nammalwar Sriranganathan, Andrey P. Lage, “Recent advances in Brucella abortus vaccines”, in Veterinary Research, volume 46, →DOI:

(biochemistry) An enzyme, involved in riboflavin biosynthesis, that catalyzes the chemical reaction 1-deoxy-L-glycero-tetrulose 4-phosphate + 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil ⇌ 6,7-dimethyl-8-(D-ribityl)lumazine + 2 H₂O + phosphate.


Umklapp scattering

Umklapp scattering (countable and uncountable, plural Umklapp scatterings)

(physics) The transformation of a wave vector to another Brillouin zone as a result of a scattering process.


DCRS

dipole coil resonance system
dipole coil resonance system#English

(electromagnetism) Initialism of dipole coil resonance system.


phosphate acetyltransferase

(biochemistry) A transferase enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction acetyl-CoA + phosphate ⇌ CoA + acetyl phosphate.


acylphosphatase

This is the case of acylphosphatase from Drosophila melanogaster (AcPDro2).

2015 April 16, Rafael Zambrano et al., “AGGRESCAN3D (A3D): server for prediction of aggregation properties of protein structures”, in Nucleic Acids Research, volume 43, →DOI:

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) The enzyme acylphosphate phosphohydrolase.


cytohelicase

The root tips were digested in a pectolytic enzyme mixture [0.1% (w/v) pectolyase Y23 (Duchefa, Haarlem, the Netherlands), 0.1% (w/v) cellulase onozuka RS (Duchefa, Haarlem, the Netherlands) and 0.1% (w/v) cytohelicase (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany)] in 10 mM citrate buffer (10mM tri sodium citrate + 10 mM citrate, pH 4.5) at 37 °C for 1 h.

2015, Prabhu Shankar Lakshmanan et al., “Karyotype analysis and visualization of 45S rRNA genes using fluorescence in situ hybridization in aroids (Araceae)”, in Comparative Cytogenetics, volume 9, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A form of glucanase isolated from Helix pomatia


sulfurylase

The mechanism underlying the enhanced S assimilation may be upregulated expression of genes involved in S/Se assimilation, particularly ATP sulfurylase and APS reductase [33,180].

2015, Lenny H.E. Winkel et al., “Selenium Cycling Across Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Interfaces: A Critical Review”, in Nutrients, volume 7, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of sulfate, typically to a form of ATP


photoelectroactivity

Research on In 2 O 3 is very rare in photovoltaic materials due to its weak photoelectroactivity and poor charge carrier transport in In 2 O 3 [ 8 ], thus decreasing the power conversion efficiency of the cell.

2015 June 4, S. Mahalingam et al., “Structural, Morphological, and Electron Transport Studies of Annealing Dependent In2O3 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell”, in The Scientific World Journal, volume 2015, →DOI:

(physics) electroactivity upon irradiation with light


DNZ

(acoustics) Abbreviation of density-near-zero.


Weyl fermion

After Hermann Weyl, the person who proposed this fermion.

(electronics, quantum mechanics) A massless quasiparticle and fermion, which carries electric charge, and cannot move backwards, that may exist in Weyl semimetals, where an electron can be split into two Weyl fermions which move in opposite directions, which can form an electron by combining two Weyl fermions.


transglucosylase

(biochemistry) A transglycosylase that transfers glucosyl groups


endotransglucosylase

The expression of genes encoding a pectinesterase, a pectate lyase and a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase hydrolase (Solyc12g008530)

2015 July 2, Ye JHu TYang CLi HYang MIjaz Ret al., “Transcriptome Profiling of Tomato Fruit Development Reveals Transcription Factors Associated with Ascorbic Acid, Carotenoid and Flavonoid Biosynthesis”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 7, →DOI:

(biochemistry) An endocytic transglucosylase.


ferrireductase

Furthermore, Fe 3+ is reduced to Fe 2+ by a ferrireductase in the endosomal membrane, the six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 3 [9, 10 ].

2015 July 11, “Fe(III) Is Essential for Porcine Embryonic Development via Mitochondrial Function Maintenance”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that reduces ferric iron to ferrous, often as a byproduct of another operation


metallohydrolase

The catalytic role of metal ions in metallohydrolases, such as carboxypeptidase, can be explained in two alternative ways […]

1977, “Intramolecular catalysis of ester hydrolysis by metal complexed hydroxide ion. Acyl oxygen bond scission in cobalt (2+) and nickel (2+) carboxylic acid complexes”, in Journal of the American Chemical Society, volume 99, number 16, page 5341:

Such metallohydrolases are thought to critically alter mucus properties.

2015 July 11, “The Goblet Cell Protein Clca1 (Alias mClca3 or Gob-5) Is Not Required for Intestinal Mucus Synthesis, Structure and Barrier Function in Naive or DSS-Challenged Mice”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any metalloenzyme that is a hydrolase.


superoxidase

Furthermore, wedelolactone also increased the activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and decreased the level of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver, therefore decreasing the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT).

2015 July 14, “Wedelolactone Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Improves Hepatic Steatosis Partly by AMPK Activation and Up-Regulation of Expression of PPARα/LPL and LDLR”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

superoxide dismutase
superoxide dismutase#English

(biochemistry) Synonym of superoxide dismutase


drosha

Most miRNAs arise from very long transcripts known as primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) by drosha and its cofactor DGCR8 (DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8) in nucleus converting it to ~70-100 bp precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA).

2015 July 8, Hamid Ali Khan et al., “Identification of miRNAs during mouse postnatal ovarian development and superovulation”, in Journal of Ovarian Research, volume 8, →DOI:

(biochemistry) An RNA-specific endoribonuclease


antioxidase

Activities of antioxidase were also altered after cold stress treatment, precisely, SOD and APX activities were elevated under cold stress in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

2015 July 16, “Physiological and Molecular Mechanism of Nitric Oxide (NO) Involved in Bermudagrass Response to Cold Stress”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that reduces the effects of an oxidase and counters oxidative stress


postulational

The postulational basis of classical thermodynamics has been expanded to incorporate equilibrium fluctuations.

2015, Y. Mishin, “Thermodynamic theory of equilibrium fluctuations”, in arXiv:

first principles
first principle#English

(usually physics) Derived from axioms or first principles.


sulfonase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses a sulfonation reaction


methylthioninium

From methyl + thionine + -ium (“quaternary ammonium compound”).

af

Methylene blue (MB, methylthioninium chloride) is a phenothiazine that crosses the blood brain barrier and acts as a redox cycler.

2014 February 20, Cliona Stack et al., “Methylene blue upregulates Nrf2/ARE genes and prevents tau-related neurotoxicity”, in Human Molecular Genetics, volume 23, →DOI:

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) The heterocyclic cation 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)-phenothiazin-5-ium, which is the basis of methylene blue


radioactivation

en-noun

radioactivation (countable and uncountable, plural radioactivations)

The conversion of something into a radioactive form.


radiopharmacy

radiopharmacy (countable and uncountable, plural radiopharmacies)

(countable) A pharmacy that dispenses radiopharmaceuticals.


radioelectricity

electromagnetic wave
electromagnetic wave

(physics) All the phenomena related to electromagnetic waves


(biochemistry) An enzyme involved in the first major step of carbon fixation.


tactoid

(physics) An elongated liquid crystal microdomain


monobaric

(thermodynamics) Having constant external pressure


Regge theory

(quantum mechanics) The study of the analytic properties of scattering as a function of angular momentum, where the angular momentum is not restricted to an integer but may take any complex value.


macroscopicity

macroscopicity (countable and uncountable, plural macroscopicities)

Macroscopicities of a representative selection of quantum superposition experiments with mechanical systems plotted against their publication date (adapted from [17] with additional data).

2014, Stefan Nimmrichter, Macroscopic Matter-Wave Interferometry, Springer, page 230:

2014, M. Arndt, et al., Matter wave interferometry with composite quantum objects, G. M. Tino, M. A. Kasevich (editors), Interferometria atomica, Società Italiana di Fisica, [jointly published as Atom Interferometry, IOS Press], page 136,
Macroscopicities for a selection of neutron, atom, molecule and SQUID superposition experiments ordered according to their publication date.

(countable, quantum mechanics) A formal measure of the size of a quantum mechanical system or experiment which, while typically larger than the atomic scale, has not undergone decoherence.


monokinetic

(physics, of particles in a beam) All having the same energy or velocity


Janus kinase

Shortened from just another kinase (being part of a large number of discoveries at the time); see Janus.

(biochemistry) Any of a family of intracellular non-receptor tyrosine kinases that transduce cytokine-mediated signals via the JAK-STAT pathway.


nanocrystallization

The results show that the quenched sample is completely amorphous without any trace of nanocrystallization and macroscopic phase separation.

2015 July 13, Wei Xu et al., “Evidence of liquid–liquid transition in glass-forming La50Al35Ni15 melt above liquidus temperature”, in Nature Communications, volume 6, →DOI:


chitotriosidase

All three patients showed maintenance of platelets, hemoglobin and plasma chitotriosidase during a period of 4 to 8 years of subsequent miglustat therapy.

2015 June 23, Christine Serratrice, Laure Swiader, Jacques Serratrice, “Switching from imiglucerase to miglustat for the treatment of French patients with Gaucher disease type 1: a case series”, in Journal of Medical Case Reports, volume 9, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A chitinase whose activity is elevated in serum of patients suffering from lipid storage disorders


phosphoenzyme

Indeed, every reaction step measured in the Na,K-ATPase reaction cycle was significantly affected by the concentration of cholesterol: the phosphoenzyme levels increased, the apparent ATP affinity increased, the cytoplasmic Na + activation was inhibited at high Na + concentrations, and the rate of phosphorylation and of spontaneous and K + -activated dephosphorylation increased[51 –53 ].

2015 July 22, “Effects of Iron Overload on the Activity of Na,K-ATPase and Lipid Profile of the Human Erythrocyte Membrane”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) The phosphorylated form of an enzyme


zymolyase

zymolyase (usually uncountable, plural zymolyases)

We show here that Mkk2 mediates the phosphorylation of the Mkc1 MAPK in response to cell wall assembly interfering agents such as zymolyase or tunicamycin and also to oxidative stress.

2015 July 22, “The Mkk2 MAPKK Regulates Cell Wall Biogenesis in Cooperation with the Cek1-Pathway in Candida albicans”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) A commercial enzyme preparation that lyses the cell walls of yeast cells.


keratanase

(C) Immunoblotting of whole brain homogenates with the indicated antibodies following sequential digestion of the lysate with chondroitinase ABC, endo-β-galactosidase and keratanase I, SDS-PAGE on 5–15% gradient gels under non-reducing conditions, and transfer onto nitrocellulose membranes.

2009 February 11, Daniela Virgintino et al., “Differential distribution of aggrecan isoforms in perineuronal nets of the human cerebral cortex”, in Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, volume 13, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of a keratan sulfate


JOI

orbital insertion
orbital insertion#English

(astronautics) Initialism of Jupiter orbital insertion.


HDA

HDA (countable and uncountable, plural HDAs)

(hydrology, chemistry, physics) Initialism of high-density amorphous ice.


glycosynthase

To control Fc N-glycans, we performed a rearrangement of Fc N-glycans from a heterogeneous N-glycosylation pattern to homogeneous N-glycans using chemoenzymatic approaches with two types of endo-β-N-acetyl glucosaminidases (ENG’ases), one that works as a hydrolase to cleave all heterogeneous N-glycans, another that is used as a glycosynthase to generate homogeneous N-glycans.

2015 July 23, “Glycoengineered Monoclonal Antibodies with Homogeneous Glycan (M3, G0, G2, and A2) Using a Chemoenzymatic Approach Have Different Affinities for FcγRIIIa and Variable Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Activities”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the formation of a glycoside.


technibaryon

(physics) A baryon described using the technicolor model.


technilepton

(physics) A lepton described using the technicolor model.


dicarbon

dicarbon (countable and uncountable, plural dicarbons)

(countable, chemistry, astrochemistry) A molecular species composed of only two carbon atoms, and nothing else


rhamnosyltransferase

In addition, another gene having the function of flavonol 3- O -galactoside (1 → 4) rhamnosyltransferase remains to be cloned.

2015 May 23, Shaokang Di et al., “Linkage mapping, molecular cloning and functional analysis of soybean gene Fg3 encoding flavonol 3-O-glucoside/galactoside (1 → 2) glucosyltransferase”, in BMC Plant Biology, volume 15, →DOI:

(biochemistry) Any transferase that transfers a rhamnosyl group


lightning bird

A mythological creature in South African tribal folklore: a large, vampiric, black and white bird that can summon thunder and lightning and is said to consume blood and to seduce women in the form of a man.


adenain

The LC-MS/MS analysis of proteinase K treated CsCl 2 density gradient purified TAdV-3 virions identified eleven virus-encoded proteins (hexon, pVI, pVII, penton base, pVIII, sialidase, IIIA, adenain, pX, IVa2 and DBP) previously reported to be in other adenoviruses (Table 3 and Figure 3 A).

2015 July 9, Pankaj Kumar et al., “Proteomic analysis of purified turkey adenovirus 3 virions”, in Veterinary Research, volume 46, →DOI:

(biochemistry) An endopeptidase that catalyses the cleavage of adenovirus proteins


antinitrogen

(physics) The theoretical antimatter form of nitrogen.


muononium

(physics) an exotic atom formed when an antimuon and a muon are bound by their mutual electrical attraction


thermoreflectance

thermoreflectance (countable and uncountable, plural thermoreflectances)

Similar possibilities to opto-thermal method has the time domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) 10 and magneto-optic Kerr effect thermometry (MOKE) 11 which also allow for the extraction of the in-plane thermal conductivity and whose resolution enables for κ mapping 12 .

2015 July 16, Jarosław Judek et al., “High accuracy determination of the thermal properties of supported 2D materials”, in Scientific Reports, volume 5, →DOI:

(physics) A measure of thermal reflectance


endoneuraminidase

endoneuraminidase (usually uncountable, plural endoneuraminidases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the endohydrolysis of (2->8)-alpha-sialosyl linkages in oligo- or poly(sialic) acids.


fucoidanase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the endohydrolysis of (1->2)-alpha-L-fucoside linkages in fucoidan without release of sulfate.


mycodextranase

mycodextranase (usually uncountable, plural mycodextranases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in alpha-D-glucans containing both (1->3)- and (1->4)-bonds.


endogalactosaminidase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the endohydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-galactosaminidic linkages in poly(D-galactosamine).


chitosanase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the endohydrolysis of beta-(1->4)-linkages between D-glucosamine residues in a partly acetylated chitosan.


feraxanase

feraxan endoxylanase
feraxan endoxylanase#English

(biochemistry) Synonym of feraxan endoxylanase


Hessdalen light

Hessdalen light (plural Hessdalen lights)

An unexplained light sometimes seen in the Hessdalen valley in Norway.


countersurface

It is likely that this value of µ is dominated by a small number of high-friction asperity contacts between the sliding surfaces, which are far rougher than the mica substrate in our experiments, or by the bridging of the pMPC chains between the acetabular surface and the metal countersurface to which they may adsorb.

2009 March 27, Meng Chen et al., “Lubrication at Physiological Pressures by Polyzwitterionic Brushes”, in Science, volume 323, number 5922, →DOI, pages 1698–1701:

(physics) A surface over which another moves frictionally


fusion torch

A technique that uses the high-temperature plasma of a fusion reactor to break apart other materials (especially waste materials) and convert them into reusable elements.


endoglycosylceramidase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction oligoglycosylglucosylceramide + H₂O ⇌ ceramide + oligoglycosylglucose.


occupation number

occupation number (plural occupation numbers)

(physics) The numerical extent to which a quantum state is filled (in a system of many, identical quantum particles)


hypercontractivity

Moreover, we show a uniform bound for the existence time of solutions as well as an optimal hypercontractivity estimate..

2015, Piotr Biler, Jacek Zienkiewicz, “Existence of solutions for the Keller-Segel model of chemotaxis with measures as initial data”, in arXiv:

(physics) Excessive contractivity of the higher frequencies in a Fourier spectrum.


plutogenic

(nuclear physics) originating from radioactive decay or fission of plutonium


elastoviscous

(physics) viscous, but deforming elastically under short-duration stresses


endozymatic

(biochemistry) Relating to an endoenzyme


photocleavage

We also perform IR-VIS absorbance measurements and find that the results suggest that during irradiation some of the dye molecules form dimers and trimers and that the polymer host is irreversibly damaged by photooxidation and Norrish type I photocleavage.

2015, Benjamin R. Anderson, Ray Gunawidjaja, Hergen Eilers, “Photodegradation and self-healing in a Rhodamine 6G dye and Y₂O₃ nanoparticle-doped polyurethane random laser”, in App. Phys. B, volumes 1-12, pages 1–12:

(chemistry, physics) The cleavage of a bond by photolysis.


methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase

(biochemistry) The rate-limiting enzyme in the methyl cycle, which catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate.


polymerics

The science and technology of the production of polymers


ectopeptidase

Considering the interaction of DPPIV/CD26 with extracellular matrix components and through regulation of E-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs), it remains to be more clearly established whether tumor progression is more affected by the ectopeptidase activity or non-proteolytic mechanisms.

2015 July 30, “Differential Expression and Enzymatic Activity of DPPIV/CD26 Affects Migration Ability of Cervical Carcinoma Cells”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


exocarboxypeptidase

All of these results clearly indicated that both DPP-IV and peptidase (s) (at least exocarboxypeptidase M) contributed to the ex vivo instability of two active GLP-1 peptides, similar to the observation of the peptides in their in vivo metabolism [38 ].

2015 July 30, “Degradation and Stabilization of Peptide Hormones in Human Blood Specimens”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) An exoenzyme carboxypeptidase


residual stress

residual stress (countable and uncountable, plural residual stresses)

(physics) A stress that remains in a solid material after the original cause of the stress has been removed.


cyanophycinase

cyanophycinase (countable and uncountable, plural cyanophycinases)

However, our findings showed no differential expression of the cyanophycinase genes (cphA, cphB) responsible for this process in response to irradiation, confirming that the cells did not seem to experience N-limitation.

2015 August 27, “Temporal Gene Expression of the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira in Response to Gamma Rays”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the reaction [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]ₙ + H₂O ⇌ [L-Asp(4-L-Arg)]ₙ₋₁ + L-Asp(4-L-Arg).


antireflecting

Over the last decade, plasmonic antireflecting nanostructures have been extensively studied to be utilized in various optical and optoelectronic systems such as lenses, solar cells, photodetectors, and others.

2015, K.V. Baryshnikova, M.I. Petrov, V.E. Babicheva, P.A. Belov, “Plasmonic and silicon spherical nanoparticle anti-reflective coatings”, in arXiv:

(physics) That suppresses reflection from its surface


gapful

In the non-relativistic limit, the both types of accompanied gapful modes become infinitely massive, disappearing from the spectrum.

045028 (2015), Michikazu Kobayashi, Muneto Nitta, “Interpolating relativistic and non-relativistic Nambu-Goldstone and Higgs modes”, in Phys. Rev. D, volume 045028:


microplasticity

(physics) The property of a solid body whereby it shows plasticity (undergoes permanent change due to stress) in local areas while globally showing elasticity (maintaining the ability to return to its original shape and size).


baicalinase

One baicalinase and three baicalein 7-O-glucuronosyltransferases genes potentially involved in the transformation between baicalin/wogonoside and baicalein/wogonin were identified.

2015 August 29, “Deep Sequencing of the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Transcriptome Reveals Flavonoid Biosynthetic Profiling and Organ-Specific Gene Expression”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses the chemical reaction baicalin + H₂O ⇌ baicalein + D-glucuronate.


cyclotronic

(physics) Relating to or produced by a cyclotron.