weight

en-noun

weight (countable and uncountable, plural weights)

Belizean Creole: wayt

→ Japanese: ウエイト (ueito)

→ Burmese: ဝိတ် (wit)

From Middle English weight, weiȝte, weght, wight, from Old English wiht, ġewiht (“weight”), from Proto-Germanic *wihtiz ("weight"; compare *weganą (“to move”)), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to move; pull; draw; drive”). Equivalent to weigh + -th.
Cognate with Scots wecht, weicht (“weight”), Saterland Frisian Wächte (“scale”), Gewicht (“weight”), West Frisian gewicht (“weight”), Dutch gewicht (“weight”), German Low German Wicht, Gewicht (“weight”), German Wucht (“massiveness, force”), Gewicht (“weight”).

gloss

"weight"; compare <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*weganą</i> (“to move”)

inh

(physics) Mass (atomic weight, molecular weight, etc.) (in restricted circumstances)

(physics, proscribed) Synonym of mass (in general circumstances)

You’re no match for ’em. You ain’t up to their weight. It’s like little Black Strap standing up to Tom Spring,—the Black’s a pretty fighter but, Law bless you, his arm ain’t long enough to touch Tom,—and I tell you, you’re going it with fellers beyond your weight.

1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:


burn

en-verb

burn (third-person singular simple present burns, present participle burning, simple past and past participle burned or (mostly Commonwealth) burnt or (obsolete) brent)

burns (present singular third-person)
burning (participle present)
burned (participle past)
burned (past)
burnt (Commonwealth participle past)
burnt (Commonwealth past)
brent (obsolete participle past)
brent (obsolete past)
burn (infinitive)

Sranan Tongo: bron

Aukan: boon

From Middle English bernen, birnen, from Old English birnan (“to burn”), metathesis from Proto-West Germanic *brinnan, from Proto-Germanic *brinnaną (“to burn”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenw-, present stem from *bʰrewh₁-. Doublet of brew.
See also Middle Irish brennim (“drink up”), bruinnim (“bubble up”); also Middle Irish bréo (“flame”), Albanian burth (“Cyclamen hederifolium, mouth burning”), Sanskrit भुरति (bhurati, “moves quickly, twitches, fidgets”). More at brew.

verbranden

chemistry: to cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent

(intransitive, physics, of an element) To be converted to another element in a nuclear fusion reaction, especially in a star.

fuusioitua

physics: to be converted to another element in a nuclear fusion


shear

en-verb

shear (third-person singular simple present shears, present participle shearing, simple past sheared or shore, past participle shorn or sheared)

shears (present singular third-person)
shearing (participle present)
sheared (past)
shore (past)
shorn (participle past)
sheared (participle past)

From Middle English sheren, scheren, from Old English sċieran (“to shear; to shave”), from Proto-West Germanic *skeran, from Proto-Germanic *skeraną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”).
Cognate with West Frisian skarre, Low German scheren, Dutch scheren, German scheren, Danish skære, Norwegian Bokmål skjære, Norwegian Nynorsk skjera, Swedish skära, Finnish keritä; and (from Indo-European) with Ancient Greek κείρω (keírō, “I cut off”), Latin caro (“flesh”), Albanian shqerr (“to tear, cut”), harr (“to cut, to mow”), Lithuanian skìrti (“separate”), Welsh ysgar (“separate”). See also sharp.

inh

(physics) To deform because of forces pushing in opposite directions.


shear

en-noun

shear (countable and uncountable, plural shears)

(physics) Forces that push in opposite directions.


make

From Middle English maken, from Old English macian (“to make, build, work”), from Proto-West Germanic *makōn (“to make, build, work”), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂ǵ- (“to knead, mix, make”).
Related to match.
cognates
* Scots mak (“to make”)
* Saterland Frisian moakje (“to make”)
* West Frisian meitsje (“to make”)
* Dutch maken (“to make”)
* Dutch Low Saxon maken (“to make”)
* German Low German maken (“to make”)
* German machen (“to make, do”)
* Danish mage (“to make, arrange (in a certain way)”)
* Latin mācerō, macer
* Ancient Greek μάσσω (mássō)

cog

If the interrupter operated every 2 sec., the current would rise to 10 amp. and drop to zero with successive "makes" and "breaks."

1947, Charles Seymour Siskind, Electricity, page 94:

(physics) The closing of an electrical circuit.


relaxed

en-adj

relaxed (comparative more relaxed, superlative most relaxed)

more relaxed (comparative)
most relaxed (superlative)

From relax + -ed, originally after Latin relaxātus.

(chiefly physics) Without physical tension; in a state of equilibrium.


shed

From Middle English sched, schede, schad, from a combination of Old English scēada (“a parting of the hair, top of the head”) and Old English ġesċēad (“distinction, reason”).

der

(physics) A unit of area equivalent to 10⁻⁵² square meters; used in nuclear physics


attack

en-verb

attack (third-person singular simple present attacks, present participle attacking, simple past and past participle attacked or (obsolete) attackt or (obsolete, dialectal) attackted)

attacks (present singular third-person)
attacking (participle present)
attacked (participle past)
attacked (past)
attackt (obsolete participle past)
attackt (obsolete past)
attackted (dialectal obsolete participle past)
attackted (dialectal obsolete past)
attack (infinitive)

Borrowed from French attaque, derived from the verb attaquer, from Italian attaccare (“to join, attach”) (used in attaccare battaglia (“to join battle”)), from Frankish *stakka (“stick”). Doublet of attach. Displaced native Old English on rǣsan (“to attack”) and onrǣs (“an attack”).

(physical chemistry) (Of a chemical species) To approach a chemical species or bond in order to form a bond with it.


string

en-noun

string (countable and uncountable, plural strings)

Tok Pisin: string

→ Dutch: string

→ Finnish: stringit

→ French: string

→ German: String

desc

מחרוז//מַחְרֹזֶת

→ Hebrew: מחרוז／מַחְרֹזֶת (makhrózet) (semantic loan)

→ Japanese: ストリング (sutoringu)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: streng (semantic loan)

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: streng (semantic loan)

→ Polish: stringi

→ Portuguese: estrém; string

→ Swedish: string

From Middle English string, streng, strynge, from Old English strenġ, from Proto-West Germanic *strangi, from Proto-Germanic *strangiz (“string”), from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- (“rope, cord, strand; to tighten”).
Cognate with Scots string (“string”), Dutch streng (“cord, strand”), Low German strenge (“strand, cord, rope”), German Strang (“strand, cord, rope”), Danish streng (“string”), Swedish sträng (“string, cord, wire”), Icelandic strengur (“string”), Latvian stringt (“to be tight, wither”), Latin stringō (“I tighten”), Ancient Greek στραγγαλόομαι (strangalóomai, “to strangle”), from στραγγάλη (strangálē, “halter”), Ancient Greek στραγγός (strangós, “tied together, entangled, twisted”).

cog

στραγγαλόομαι

弦

any similar long, thin and flexible object

弓弦

ゆづる, yuzuru, ゆみづる, yumizuru, ゆんづる, yunzuru

(countable, physics) A tiny one-dimensional string-like entity, the main object of study in string theory, a branch of theoretical physics.

弦

physics: subject of study in string theory


analysis

en-noun

analysis (countable and uncountable, plural analyses)

From Medieval Latin analysis, from Ancient Greek ἀνάλυσις (análusis), from ἀναλύω (analúō, “I unravel, investigate”), from ἀνα- (ana-, “thoroughly”) + λύω (lúō, “I loosen”).

language analysis for the determination of origin

List of terms used in mathematical analysis

(countable, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry) The process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts, or the result of this process.

تَحْلِيلْ مُخْتَبَرِيّ

chemistry: process of breaking down a substance or the result of this process


speed

speed (countable and uncountable, plural speeds)

From Middle English spede (“prosperity, good luck, quickness, success”), from Old English spēd (“success”), from Proto-West Germanic *spōdi (“prosperity, success”), from Proto-West Germanic *spōan, from Proto-Germanic *spōaną (“to prosper, succeed, be happy”), from Proto-Indo-European *speh₁- (“to prosper, turn out well”). Cognate with Scots spede, speid (“success, quickness, speed”), Dutch spoed (“haste; speed”), German Low German Spood (“haste; speed; eagerness; success”), German Sput (“progress, acceleration, haste”). Related also to Old English spōwan (“to be successful, succeed”), Albanian shpejt (“to speed, to hurry”) and Russian спеши́ть (spešítʹ, “to hurry”), Latin spēs (“hope, expectation”), spērō (“hope”, verb), perhaps also to Ancient Greek σπεύδω (speúdō, “to urge on, hasten, press on”).

cog

Speed limits provide information to the drivers about the safe speed to travel in average conditions.

(mathematics, physics) The rate of motion or action, specifically the magnitude of the velocity; the rate distance is traversed in a given time.


charm

en-noun

charm (countable and uncountable, plural charms)

From Middle English charme, from Old French charme (“chant, magic spell”), from Latin carmen (“song, incantation”).

der

Coordinate term: strangeness

In trying to understand the long life of the psi particle, physicists postulated the notion of “charm.” Charm, they say, prevents the “easy” decay of particles and thus prolongs their lifetimes. U particles, Dr. Pert said, may carry the property of charm.

1975 July 31, Sandra Blakeslee, “Another Particle Believed Discovered”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Mesons which combine the charmed quark with the up or down antiquarks are denoted the D mesons. These mesons carry explicit charm (i.e. have a non-zero charm quantum number), just as the K mesons carry strangeness.

2020, James E. Dodd, Ben Gripaios, The Ideas of Particle Physics, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 173:

(particle physics) A quantum number of hadrons determined by the number of charm quarks and antiquarks.


acoustics

"Acoustics, then, or the science of sound, is a very consderable branch of physics, and one which has been cultivated from the earliest ages.

1831, John Herschel, Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy, London: Printed for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, & Green: Paternoster Row, and John Taylor, Upper Gower Street, page 248:

(physics) The science of sounds, teaching their nature, phenomena and laws.

акустика

the science of sounds, teaching their nature, phenomena and laws

hangtan

easier to understand but ambiguous with phonetics


apex

Borrowed from Latin apex (“point, tip, summit”).

The highest or the greatest part of something, especially forming a point.

(physics) The lowest point on a pendant drop of a liquid.


spin

en-noun

spin (countable and uncountable, plural spins)

From Middle English spinnen, from Old English spinnan, from Proto-Germanic *spinnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁-. Compare Low German spinnen, Dutch spinnen, German spinnen, Danish spinde, Swedish spinna.

(quantum mechanics) A quantum angular momentum associated with subatomic particles, which also creates a magnetic moment.


electric

De Magnete
Thomas Browne
William Gilbert (physician)

First appears c. 1646 in a publication by Thomas Browne, from New Latin ēlectricus (“electrical; of amber”), from ēlectrum (“amber”) + -icus (“adjectival suffix”), from Ancient Greek ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron, “amber”), related to ἠλέκτωρ (ēléktōr, “shining sun”), of unknown origin; see there for further information. The Latin term was apparently used first with the sense “electrical” in 1600 by the English physician and scientist William Gilbert in his work De Magnete.

der

We had to sit in the dark because the electric was cut off.

(informal, usually with definite article) Electricity; the electricity supply.


boat

Belizean Creole: boat

→ Esperanto: boato

→ Dhivehi: ބޯޓު (bōṭu)

→ Fijian: boto

→ Hijazi Arabic: بوت (bōt)

→ Japanese: ボート (bōto)

→ Pitcairn-Norfolk: boet (Norfuk)

→ Sinhalese: බෝට්ටුව (bōṭṭuwa)

→ Swahili: boti

→ Scots: boat, bote (compare native bait, bate)

→ Tahitian: poti

Tok Pisin: bot

From Middle English bot, boot, boet, boyt (“boat”), from Old English bāt (“boat”), from Proto-West Germanic *bait, from Proto-Germanic *baitaz, *baitą (“boat, small ship”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (“to break, split”). Cognate with Old Norse beit (“boat”), Middle Dutch beitel (“little boat”).
Old Norse bátr (whence Icelandic bátur, Norwegian båt, Danish båd), Dutch boot, German Boot, Occitan batèl and French bateau are all ultimately borrowings from the Old English word.

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) One of two possible conformations of cyclohexane rings (the other being chair), shaped roughly like a boat.


plenum

From Latin plēnum, noun use of neuter of plēnus (“full”). The sense of "legislative meeting" is a semantic loan from Russian пле́нум (plénum, “plenary session”), from the same Latin source.

sl

The idea was that a thing could only move into an empty place, and that, in a plenum, there are no empty places.

1946, Bertrand Russell, A History of Western Philosophy:

The key to understanding medieval interpretations of motion in hypothetically void space is to realize that medieval natural philosophers analyzed the same bodies in the void that they discussed in the plenum of their ordinary world.

2001, Edward Grant, God and Reason in the Middle Ages, page 176:

(physics) A space that is completely filled with matter.

充滿

a space that is completely filled with matter


effect

en-noun

effect (countable and uncountable, plural effects)

Of the noun: from Middle English effect, from Old French effect (modern French effet), from Latin effectus (“an effect, tendency, purpose”), from efficiō (“accomplish, complete, effect”); see effect as a verb. Displaced Old English fremming, fremednes from fremman.
Of the verb: from Middle English effecten, partly from Medieval Latin effectuō, from Latin effectus, perfect passive participle of efficiō (“accomplish, complete, do, effect”), from ex (“out”) + faciō (“do, make”) (see fact and compare affect, infect) and partly from the noun effect.

der

Doppler effect

(physics, psychology, etc.) A scientific phenomenon, usually named after its discoverer.


lightning

en-noun

lightning (usually uncountable, plural lightnings)

[ˈlʌɪ̯ʔ.nɪŋ]

[ˈlɐɪ̯ʔ.nɪŋ]

From light(e)n + -ing. Doublet of lightening.

lightning does not strike twice in the same place

lightning doesn't strike twice in the same place

lightning never strikes twice in the same place

Although we did not see the lightning, we did hear the thunder.

Canst thou send lightnings, that they may go, and say unto thee, Here we are?

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 38:35:

It was the thought of hot July and August days, when the clouds piled up like woolly mountains, and lightnings streaked the sky.

1901, E. L. Morris, The Child's Eden, page 16:

Manny drove a few miles per hour under the speed limit, entranced by the awesome display of lightning streaking out of the clouds toward earth.

2008, Kathy Clark, Stand By Your Man, page 280:

"Ruu": The adults in the village all said that children like me could calm the lightning and turn the storms into timely rain.

2021 October 13, Genshin Impact, v2.2, miHoYo, iOS, Android, Windows, PS4, level/area: The Sun-Wheel and Mt. Kanna:

A flash of light produced by short-duration, high-voltage discharge of electricity within a cloud, between clouds, or between a cloud and the earth.


ice

Bislama: aes

→ Brunei Malay: ais

→ Japanese: アイス (aisu)

→ Korean: 아이스 (aiseu)

→ Malay: ais

→ Marshallese: aej, aij

→ Sinhalese: අයිස් (ayis)

→ Tokelauan: aiha

From Middle English is, from Old English īs (“ice”), from Proto-West Germanic *īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą (“ice”) from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH- (“ice, frost”).
Cognates
See also Saterland Frisian Íes, West Frisian iis, Dutch ijs, German Low German Ies, German Eis, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish is; also Lithuanian ýnis (“glazed frost”), Russian и́ней (ínej, “hoarfrost”), Ossetian их (ix), ех (ex, “ice”), Persian یخ (yax), Northern Kurdish qeş. Superseded non-native Middle English glace (“ice”), borrowed from Old French glace (“ice”).

der

(physics, astronomy) Any frozen volatile chemical, such as ammonia or carbon dioxide.


electron

Blend of electric + ion, coined by Anglo-Irish scientist George Stoney in 1891, changed by him multiple times from an earlier electrolion and original electrine (used as early as 1874) as the name for the electric charge associated with a univalent ion. Compare electro-, -on.
The particle ("corpuscule") was discovered in 1896. The name electrion was proposed for the particle in 1906 but curtailed because Hendrik Lorentz preferred electron.

coin

monochromated scanning transmission electron microscope

Holonym: atom

Comeronyms: proton, neutron

(physics) The subatomic particle having a negative charge and orbiting the nucleus; the flow of electrons in a conductor constitutes electricity.

elektron

the negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit atoms


vacuum

en-noun

vacuum (plural vacuums or (rare, formal) vacua)

vacuums (plural)
vacua (formal plural rare)

From Latin vacuum (“an empty space, void”), noun use of neuter of vacuus (“empty”), related to vacare (“be empty”).

(physics) A spacetime having tensors of zero magnitude.


bridge

From Middle English brigge, from Old English brycġ (“bridge”), from Proto-Germanic *brugjō, *brugjǭ (“bridge”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-, *bʰrēw- (“wooden flooring, decking, bridge”).
Cognate with Scots brig, brigg, breeg (“bridge”), Saterland Frisian Brääch (“bridge”), West Frisian brêge (“bridge”), Dutch brug (“bridge”), German Brücke (“bridge”), Danish brygge (“wharf”), Icelandic brygga (“pier”), Gaulish briua (“bridge”).
The verb is from Middle English briggen, from Old English brycġian (“to bridge, make a causeway, pave”), derived from the noun. Cognate with Dutch bruggen (“to bridge”), Middle Low German bruggen (“to bridge”), Old High German bruccōn (“to bridge”) (whence Modern German brücken).
The musical connection sense is a semantic loan from German Steg, from Old High German steg.

ацҳа

construction or natural feature that spans a divide

if someone told you to jump off a bridge, would you do it

(physical chemistry) An intramolecular valence bond, atom or chain of atoms that connects two different parts of a molecule; the atoms so connected being bridgeheads.


energy

en-noun

energy (countable and uncountable, plural energies)

→ Cebuano: enerdyi

→ Japanese: エナジー (enajī)

→ Korean: 에너지 (eneoji)

From Middle French énergie, from Late Latin energia, from Ancient Greek ἐνέργεια (enérgeia, “activity”), from ἐνεργός (energós, “active”), from ἐν (en, “in”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”). The sense in physics was coined by English polymath Thomas Young in 1802 in his lectures on Natural Philosophy.

coin

SI: joule (J), kilowatt-hour (kW·h)
CGS: erg (erg)
Customary: foot-pound-force, calorie, kilocalorie (i.e. dietary calories), BTU, liter-atmosphere, ton of TNT

(physics) A quantity that denotes the ability to do work and is measured in a unit dimensioned in mass × distance²/time² (ML²/T²) or the equivalent.


ether

en-noun

ether (countable and uncountable, plural ethers)

→ Korean: 에테르 (etereu)

→ Chinese: 以太 (yǐtài)

From Middle English ēther (“the caelum aetherum of ancient cosmology in which the planets orbit; a shining, fluid substance described as a form of air or fire; air”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman ether and Middle French ether, ethere, aether, from Old French aether (“highest and purest part of the atmosphere; medium supposedly filling the upper regions of space”) (modern French éther), or directly from its etymon Latin aethēr (“highest and purest part of the atmosphere; air; heavens, sky; light of day; ethereal matter surrounding a deity”) (note also New Latin aethēr (“chemical compound analogous to diethyl ether”)), from Ancient Greek αἰθήρ (aithḗr, “purer upper air of the atmosphere; heaven, sky; theoretical medium supposed to fill unoccupied space and transmit heat and light”), from αἴθω (aíthō, “to burn, ignite; to blaze, shine”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“to burn; fire”).
The English word is cognate with Italian ether, ethera (both obsolete), etere, Middle Dutch ether (modern Dutch aether (obsolete), ether), German Äther, Ether, Portuguese éter, Spanish éter.

أَثِير

substance supposed to fill the upper regions of the atmosphere

firmament

sky; atmosphere; upper atmosphere; heaven

with multiple senses ranging from to to to

I ſuppose this æther pervades all groſs bodies, but yet ſo as to ſtand rarer in their pores than in free ſpaces, and ſo much the rarer, as their pores are leſs. And this I ſuppose (with others) to be the cauſe, why light incident on thoſe bodies is refracted towards the perpendicular; […] I ſuppose the rarer æther within bodies, and then denſer without them, not to be terminated in a mathematical ſuperficies, but to grow gradually into one another; […]

1679 February 28, Thomas Birch, quoting Isaac Newton, “The Life of the Honourable Robert Boyle. [Letter from Isaac Newton to Robert Boyle.]”, in Robert Boyle, The Works of the Honourable Robert Boyle. In Five Volumes. To which is Prefixed the Life of the Author, volume I, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar, […], published 1744, →OCLC, page 70:

Having ſhewn how the Æther cauſes a great part of the Phænomena of Nature, it may be aſked, whence this general material Cauſe has its great Activity and Power? […] This Cauſe muſt be either Matter or Spirit, there being nothing in the Univerſe, which we know if, beſides theſe two. But this Cauſe cannot be Matter: for Matter is in own Nature inert, and has not any Activity in itſelf; and conſequently cannot communicate any Power to the Æther. And therefore the Cauſe, which gives the Æther its Activity and Power, muſt be Spirit. Spirit, which intercedes the Particles of Æther, and gives them a repulſive Power, and ordains and executes the Laws, by which Æther and Bodies act mutually on one another, muſt be preſent in all Parts of Space, where there is Æther.

1747, Bryan Robinson, A Dissertation on the Æther of Sir Isaac Newton, London: Printed for Charles Hitch […], →OCLC; quoted in “Literary Memoirs. A Dissertation on the Æther of Sir Isaac Newton, by Bryan Robinson, M.D. London, Printed for Charles Hitch, at the Red Lion in Pater-noster-Row, 1747. Containing 140 Pages in Octavo, Exclusive of a Short Preface.”, in The Museum: Or, The Literary and Historical Register, volume III, number XXVIII, London: Printed for R[obert] Dodsley […], 11 April 1747, →OCLC, pages 59–60:

The whole matter of the univerſe may be divided into atoms and æther. […] The latter, æther, is a ſubtile elaſtic fluid, whoſe particles have a continual tendency to ſeparate or fly off every way, unleſs impreſſed by ſome body: This æther ſurrounds each atom like an atmoſphere, and preſſes equally towards the center of each.

1770 November 1, “Investigator” [pseudonym], “Of the Causes of Attraction and Repulsion”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume XL, London: Printed […], for D[avid] Henry; and sold by F[rancis] Newbery […], →OCLC, page 497, column 1:

"The ether. The earth browses upon a circular path in the fields of space, and as it moves the ether is continually pouring through it and providing its vitality."

1929, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, When the World Screamed:

luminiferous aether
luminiferous aether#English

electromagnetic wave
electromagnetic wave

theory of relativity
theory of relativity

(uncountable, physics, historical) Often as aether and more fully as luminiferous aether: a substance once thought to fill all unoccupied space that allowed electromagnetic waves to pass through it and interact with matter, without exerting any resistance to matter or energy; its existence was disproved by the 1887 Michelson–Morley experiment and the theory of relativity propounded by Albert Einstein (1879–1955).


volume

en-noun

volume (countable and uncountable, plural volumes)

From Middle English volume, from Old French volume, from Latin volūmen (“book, roll”), from volvō (“roll, turn about”).

The room is 9×12×8, so its volume is 864 cubic feet.

The proper products can improve your hair's volume.

Volatiles of kecap manis and its raw materials were extracted using Likens-Nickerson apparatus with diethyl ether as the extraction solvent. The extracts were then dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated using a rotary evaporator followed by flushing using nitrogen until the volume was about 0.5 ml.

1997, A. J. Taylor, D. S. Mothram, editors, Flavour Science: Recent Developments, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 63:

A three-dimensional measure of space that comprises a length, a width and a height. It is measured in units of cubic centimeters in metric, cubic inches or cubic feet in English measurement.

(obsolete) A roll or scroll, which was the form of ancient books.

сви́тък

The volume of ticket sales decreased this week.

ծավալ

synonym for quantity — see also quantity

(key muscle growth stimuli) Coordinate terms: mechanical tension, frequency

(bodybuilding) The total of weight worked by a muscle in one training session, the weight of every single repetition summed up.


plasma

plasma (countable and uncountable, plural plasmas or plasmata)

From Late Latin plasma (“mold”), from Ancient Greek πλάσμα (plásma, “something formed”).

der

human seminal plasma protein hypersensitivity

Oxygen and hydrogen nuclei are intermixed with free electrons. The whole mix is electrically neutral. This is actually considered a new stage of matter called a plasma. You can see an example of an electrically produced plasma in a fluorescent light bulb or in a plasma television.

2020, Don Lincoln, The Large Hadron Collider, Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, page 198:

(physics) A state of matter consisting of partially ionized gas and electrons.


solenoid

From French solénoïde, from Ancient Greek σωληνοειδής (sōlēnoeidḗs) (from σωλήν (sōlḗn, “channel, pipe”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs); see -oid).

(physics) A coil of wire that acts as a magnet when an electric current flows through it.


flat

From Middle English flat, a borrowing from Old Norse flatr (compare Norwegian and Swedish flat, Danish flad), from Proto-Germanic *flataz, from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”); akin to Saterland Frisian flot (“smooth”), German Flöz (“a geological layer”), Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús), Latvian plats, Sanskrit प्रथस् (prathas, “extension”). Doublet of plat and pleyt.
The noun is from Middle English flat (“level piece of ground, flat edge of a weapon”), from the adjective.
The algebraic sense was coined by Serre in a 1956 paper, originally as French plat.

inh

"When sampling the aperture of a telescope, using auto-collimating flats (ACFs) is more economical"

2013 April 1, Spechler et al., “Advanced Dispersed Fringe Sensing Algorithm for Coarse Phasing Segmented Mirror Telescopes”, in NASA Tech Briefs, retrieved 2021-12-27:


orbit

en-noun

orbit (countable and uncountable, plural orbits)

Inherited from Middle English orbite, orbita, from Latin orbita (“course, track, impression, mark”).

គន្លង

kɔɔkŭənlɔɔng

The curved path of one object around a point or another body.

(astronomy) An elliptical movement of an object about a celestial object or Lagrange point, especially a periodic elliptical revolution.

The Moon's orbit around the Earth takes nearly one month to complete.

One complete circuit round an orbited body.

(uncountable) The state of moving in an orbit.

(physics) The path of an electron around an atomic nucleus.

(mathematics) A collection of points related by the evolution function of a dynamical system.


sleep

en-verb

sleep (third-person singular simple present sleeps, present participle sleeping, simple past and past participle slept)

sleeps (present singular third-person)
sleeping (participle present)
slept (participle past)
slept (past)

Sranan Tongo: sribi

From Middle English slepen, from Anglian Old English slēpan, a variant of slǣpan, from Proto-West Germanic *slāpan, from Proto-Germanic *slēpaną.

When a top is sleeping, it is spinning but not precessing.

A top sleeps when it moves with such velocity, and spins so smoothly, that its motion is imperceptible.

1854, Anne E. Baker, Glossary of Northamptonshire Words and Phrases:

(intransitive, mechanics, dynamics) To spin on its axis with no other perceptible motion.

Yo-yo tricks involving sleeping the yo-yo (like "walking the dog" and "rocking the baby") cannot be performed in space.

1995, All Aboard for Space: Introducing Space to Youngsters, page 158:

(transitive, mechanics, dynamics) To cause (a spinning top or yo-yo) to spin on its axis with no other perceptible motion.


matter

en-noun

matter (countable and uncountable, plural matters)

From Middle English matere, mater, from Anglo-Norman matere, materie, from Old French materie, matiere, from Latin materia (“wood”), from mater (“mother”), in which case cognate with Old Armenian մայր (mayr, “cedar”) and մայրի (mayri, “forest”). More recently, referred to Proto-Indo-European *dem-. Doublet of Madeira, mata, mater, matrix, and mother.
Displaced Middle English andweorc, andwork (“material, matter”), from Old English andweorc (“matter, substance, material”), Old English intinga (“matter, affair, business”).

lëndë

basic structural component of the universe

(uncountable) Material; substance.
(physics) Anything with mass.

Material; substance.
Anything with mass.

(physics) Matter made up of normal particles, not antiparticles.


low

en-adj

low (comparative lower, superlative lowest)

lower (comparative)
lowest (superlative)

high

antonym(s) of “in a position comparatively close to the ground”

From Middle English lowe, lohe, lāh, from Old Norse lágr (“low”), from Proto-Germanic *lēgaz (“lying, flat, situated near the ground, low”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie”).
Cognate with Scots laich (“low”), Low German leeg (“low, feeble, bad”), Danish lav (“low”), Icelandic lágur (“low”), West Frisian leech (“low”), North Frisian leeg, liig (“low”), Dutch laag (“low”), obsolete German läg (“low”). More at lie.

слаб

lacking health or vitality; feeble; weak

low-toned

of a loudness, suggesting a lower amplitude

could eat the arse out of a low flying duck

could eat the crotch out of a low flying duck

could eat the crutch from a low flying duck

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make lofty ships carry low sails

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make tall ships carry low sails

The note was too low for her to sing.

Generally, European men have lower voices than their Indian counterparts.

(acoustics) Grave in pitch, due to being produced by relatively slow vibrations (wave oscillations); flat.

low-pitched

of a pitch, suggesting a lower frequency


neutron star

(astronomy) A degenerate star that has been so collapsed by gravity that its electrons and protons have been merged into neutrons by the intense pressure. The solid mass of neutrons is sometimes called neutronium.


neutronium

From neutron + -ium. Coined by scientist Andreas von Antropoff in 1926 (before the discovery of the neutron in 1931; neutrons had been predicted to exist in 1920).

(physics) A material composed entirely of neutrons.

(physics) A hypothetical gravitationally bound system of a neutron and an antineutron (the onium of a neutron), not predicted to exist under normal circumstances.


white hole

(astrophysics) A theoretically possible, but physically highly unlikely, singularity from which matter and energy are able to escape but unable to enter; the antithesis of a black hole.


shock

en-noun

shock (countable and uncountable, plural shocks)

→ Bulgarian: шок (šok)

→ Chinese: 休克 (xiūkè)

→ Czech: šok

→ Italian: shock

→ Japanese: ショック (shokku)

→ Korean: 쇼크 (syokeu)

→ Macedonian: шок (šok)

→ Polish: szok

→ Russian: шок (šok)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic: шо̏к

Latin: šȍk

→ Slovak: šok

→ Spanish: shock

From Middle Dutch schokken (“to push, jolt, shake, jerk”) or Middle French choquer (“to collide with, clash”), from Old Dutch *skokkan (“to shake up and down, shog”), from Proto-Germanic *skukkaną (“to move, shake, tremble”). Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *skakaną (“to shake, stir”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kek-, *(s)keg- (“to shake, stir”); see shake.
Cognate with Middle Low German schocken (“collide with, deliver a blow to, move back and forth”), Old High German scoc (“a jolt, swing”), Middle High German schocken (“to swing”) (German schaukeln), Old Norse skykkr (“vibration, surging motion”), Icelandic skykkjun (“tremulously”), Middle English schiggen (“to shake”). Doublet of shog.

cog

shark (non-rhotic, father-bother merger)

Several reflected shocks enter the bomb core in rapid succession, each helping to compress it to its maximum density.

A sudden, heavy impact.
(physics) A shock wave.


plate

→ Maori: pereti

→ Hindi: प्लेट (pleṭ)

From Middle English plate, from Old French plate, from Medieval Latin plata, from Vulgar Latin *plat(t)us, from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “broad, flat, wide”). Compare Spanish plato.

der

(engineering, electricity) A flat electrode such as can be found in an accumulator battery, or in an electrolysis tank.

Regulating the oscillator plate voltage greatly improves the keying.

(engineering, electricity) The anode of a vacuum tube.


singularity

en-noun

singularity (countable and uncountable, plural singularities)

/ˌsɪŋɡjəˈlæɹətɪ/

From Middle English singularite, from Old French singularité, from Late Latin singulāritās (“singleness”), from Latin singulāris (“single”).
Morphologically singular + -ity

At this singularity the laws of science and our ability to predict the future would break down. However, any observer who remained outside the black hole would not be affected by this failure of predictability, because neither light nor any other signal could reach him from the singularity.

1988, Stephen Hawking, A Brief History of Time, Bantam, →ISBN, page 88:

Consequently the interior of a black hole is empty, with a singularity at the centre.

1992, Jean-Pierre Luminet, Black Holes, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 135:

gravitational singularity
gravitational singularity#English

(physics) Ellipsis of gravitational singularity: a point or region in spacetime in which gravitational forces cause matter to have an infinite density; associated with black holes.


neutron

From neutral + -on. Coined by Scottish-Australian physicist William Sutherland in 1899 in a paper in the Philosophical Magazine. Subsequent usage was sporadic and theoretical, sometimes referring to neutrinos rather than neutrons, and the modern sense was reintroduced alongside proton by Ernest Rutherford in 1920.

coin

Holonyms: atom, nucleus

Comeronyms: proton, electron

(physics) A subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and having no charge; it is a combination of an up quark and two down quarks.

Ernest Rutherford
Philosophical Magazine
neutron


torque

en-noun

torque (countable and uncountable, plural torques)

→ Turkish: tork

Borrowed from Latin torqueō (“to twist”).

The relative strengths of the various torques will depend on both the spacecraft environment and the form and structure of the spacecraft itself.

1978, James Richard Wertz, Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control, Springer, page 17:

(physics, mechanics) A rotational or twisting effect of a force; a moment of force, defined for measurement purposes as an equivalent straight line force multiplied by the distance from the axis of rotation (SI unit newton metre or Nm; imperial unit pound-foot or lb·ft, not to be confused with the foot pound-force, commonly "foot-pound", a unit of work or energy)


torque

en-verb

torque (third-person singular simple present torques, present participle torquing or torqueing, simple past and past participle torqued)

torques (present singular third-person)
torquing (participle present)
torqueing (participle present)
torqued (participle past)
torqued (past)

(physics, mechanics) To make something rotate about an axis by imparting torque to it.


domain

range

antonym(s) of “domain of definition of a function”

From Middle English demayne, demain (“rule”), from Old French demeine, demaine, demeigne, domaine (“power”), (French domaine), from Latin dominium (“property, right of ownership”), from dominus (“master, proprietor, owner”). See dame, and compare demain, danger, dungeon. Doublet of demesne, domino.

definisieversameling

(mathematics) the set on which a function is defined

(physics) A small region of a magnetic material with a consistent magnetization direction.


power

en-noun

power (countable and uncountable, plural powers)

→ German: Power

→ Welsh: pŵer

From Middle English power, poer, from Old French poeir, from Vulgar Latin potēre, from Latin posse, whence English potent. Compare French pouvoir. Displaced the native Old English anweald.

No matter how different we appear, we're all the same in our struggle against the powers of evil and darkness. I hope that this day will always be a day of joy in which we can reconfirm our dedication and our courage and more than anything else, our love for one another. This is the promise of the Tree of Life.

1978 November 17, 1:30:50 from the start, in The Star Wars Holiday Special (Science Fiction), spoken by Carrie Fisher, →OCLC:

(social) The ability to coerce, influence, or control.

(metonymically, chiefly in the plural) The people in charge of legal or political power, the government.

vallanpitäjät

(physics, mechanics) A measure of the effectiveness that a force producing a physical effect has over time. If linear, the quotient of: (force multiplied by the displacement of or in an object) ÷ time. If rotational, the quotient of: (force multiplied by the angle of displacement) ÷ time.

пату́жнасць

physics: rate to magnify an optical image


power

en-adj

power (comparative more power, superlative most power)

more power (comparative)
most power (superlative)

Check out the POWER Mee Rebus & Lontong in this newly established Nasi Padang coffee shop at Market Street Carpark.

Their performance is very the Power!

2005, Bayya, Bayya Eats ... and Other Stuff:

His hokkien is damn power lah!

2010, Caihong Lim, Kesheng Lim, Footprints All Over: Love, Happiness,Joy:

Eh his soccer skills damn power one.

2015, SGMOJI, Your Ultimate Guide to Locally-Grown Emojis, archived from the original on 2016-03-04:


heavy

heavy (comparative heavier, superlative heaviest)

heavier (comparative)
heaviest (superlative)

Sranan Tongo: hebi

From Middle English hevy, heviȝ, from Old English hefiġ, hefeġ, hæfiġ (“heavy; important, grave, severe, serious; oppressive, grievous; slow, dull”), from Proto-West Germanic *habīg (“heavy, hefty, weighty”), from Proto-Germanic *habīgaz (“heavy, hefty, weighty”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to take, grasp, hold”).
Cognates:
Cognate with Scots hevy, havy, heavy (“heavy”), Dutch hevig (“violent, severe, intense, acute”), Middle Low German hēvich (“violent, fierce, intense”), German hebig (compare heftig (“fierce, severe, intense, violent, heavy”)), Icelandic höfugur (“heavy, weighty, important”), Latin capāx (“large, wide, roomy, spacious, capacious, capable, apt”).

cog

(physics) Containing one or more isotopes that are heavier than the normal one.


light

en-noun

light (countable and uncountable, plural lights)

→ Gulf Arabic: ليت (lēt)

→ Farefare: laatɩ

Sranan Tongo: leti

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *leuhtaz
Proto-West Germanic *leuht
Old English lēoht
Middle English light
English light
From Middle English light, liht, leoht, from Old English lēoht, from Proto-West Germanic *leuht, from Proto-Germanic *leuhtą, from Proto-Indo-European *lewktom, from the root *lewk- (“light”).
cognates
*Scots licht (“light”)
*West Frisian ljocht (“light”)
*Dutch licht (“light”)
*Low German licht (“light”)
*German Licht (“light”)
*Swedish ljus (“light”)
*Icelandic ljós (“light”)
*Latin lūx (“light”)
*Russian луч (luč, “beam of light”)
*Armenian լույս (luys, “light”)
*Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white”)
*Persian رُخش (roxš).

visible light

electromagnetic wave perceived by the eye

As you can see, this spacious dining-room gets a lot of light in the mornings.

Then came a maid with hand-bag and shawls, and after her a tall young lady. She stood for a moment holding her skirt above the grimy steps,[…], and the light of the reflector fell full upon her.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

Here the stripped panelling was warmly gold and the pictures, mostly of the English school, were mellow and gentle in the afternoon light.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 3, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

[Rural solar plant] schemes are of little help to industry or other heavy users of electricity. Nor is solar power yet as cheap as the grid. For all that, the rapid arrival of electric light to Indian villages is long overdue. When the national grid suffers its next huge outage, as it did in July 2012 when hundreds of millions were left in the dark, look for specks of light in the villages.

2013 July 20, “Out of the gloom”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

When the studio light is on, I am recording my evening show.
Audio (US): (file)

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

Electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation#Noun

(physics, uncountable) Electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range visible to the human eye (about 400–750 nanometers); visible light.

black light

(by extension) Infrared or ultraviolet radiation.


ebb

en-verb

ebb (third-person singular simple present ebbs, present participle ebbing, simple past and past participle ebbed)

ebbs (present singular third-person)
ebbing (participle present)
ebbed (participle past)
ebbed (past)

From Middle English ebben, from Old English ebbian, from Proto-West Germanic *abbjōn (“to ebb”).

(intransitive) to fish with stakes and nets that serve to prevent the fish from getting back into the sea with the ebb


suspension

en-noun

suspension (countable and uncountable, plural suspensions)

Borrowed from Late Latin suspensiōnem (“arching, vaulting; suspension”), from suspendēre (“to hang up, to suspend”), from sub- (“under”) + pendere (“to hang, to suspend”), from Proto-Italic *pendō (“to hang, to put in a hanging position”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pénd-e-ti, from *(s)pend- (“to pull; to spin”)). Compare Anglo-Norman suspensiun, French suspension, Occitan suspensio.

der

As the solids clump together, they get heavier causing them to fall out of suspension in the water.

2011 August 8, M. W. Hubbell, “Chemistry”, in The Fundamentals of Nuclear Power Generation: Questions and Answers, Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 216:

(chemistry, physics) The state of a solid or substance produced when its particles are mixed with, but not dissolved in, a fluid, and are capable of separation by straining.

суспензия

state of a solid when mixed with, but not dissolved in a fluid


t

Abbreviations.
t
# (stenoscript) Abbreviation of at
# (stenoscript) Abbreviation of to and homophone too.

ng

and homophone <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">too</i>.


proton

From Ancient Greek πρῶτον (prôton), neuter of πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”).
(physics): Coined by New Zealand-British scientist Ernest Rutherford in 1920, in analogy with electron (1891), and with an additional intention of honoring English chemist William Prout. Analyzable as proto- + -on
(anatomy): (1893); a translation of German Anlage (“fundamental thing”) based on Aristotle’s phrase he prote ousia to proton.

coin

Comeronyms: neutron, electron

Holonyms: atom, nucleus

The dance of the electrons about the prota, each electron and each proton consisting of a series of waves occupying the whole of the limited universe and obeying the laws of nature as they pass, is known to all.

1931, C[harles] G[eorge] Crump, The Red King Dreams, 1946 - 1948, 24 Russell Square: Faber & Faber Limited, page 302:

(physics) A positively charged subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and determining the atomic number of an element, composed of two up quarks and a down quark.

The atomic nucleus of protium (hydrogen-1)

It is a well authenticated fact that, in the case of section of a peripheral nerve, the nuclei of the sheath of Schwann pass to the centre of the lumen and form the protoplasmic prota of the segments of the new nerve[…]. From studies of the development of the olfactory organs in reptiles, as reported briefly in earlier numbers of this Journal, the writer has been abundantly convinced of the truth of Beard’s statement that the olfactory prota arise from the skin[…].

1898 July, “Contributed Articles”, in C[larence] L[uther] Herrick, editor, The Journal of Comparative Neurology: A Quarterly Periodical Devoted to the Comparative Study of the Nervous System, volume VIII, number 1; 2, Granville, Oh.: […] C[harles] Judson Herrick; […], pages 27 (C. L. H., […]) and 32–33 (C. L. H.; G[eorge] E[llett] Coghill, […]):

This paper constituted the proton (the primordium, or ‘Anlage,’ if you prefer) of my own subsequent contributions, and likewise, so far as I knew at the time, of the simplified nomenclature in America.

1898 December 28, Burt G[reen] Wilder, “Some Misapprehensions as to the Simplified Nomenclature of Anatomy”, in Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Session of the Association of American Anatomists, […], Washington, D.C.: Beresford, […], published 1899, page 23:

a, b. Prota of primitive segments (protovertebræ).[…]These soon become partially constricted off from the fore-brain, their narrow pedicles—the optic stalks—being the prota of the optic nerves. The dorsal wall of the fore-brain continues to grow forward and upward from the rest of the vesicle, and soon forms a fourth ventricle or permanent fore-brain, the proton of the cerebral hemispheres.[…]By the sixth week the otocyst has been converted by a fold into two portions—a dorsal part—the utriculus, from which three projections arise, the prota of the semicircular canals (Fig. 91), and a ventral part, the sacculus, from the anterior end of which the cochlea is developed.[…]These are the Müllerian ducts, the prota of the female internal organs of generation.[…]The cords acquire a lumen and become the prota of the seminiferous tubules.

1899, Walter P[orter] Manton, “Menstruation—Ovulation—Development of the Ovum”, in Charles Jewett, editor, The Practice of Obstetrics, New York, N.Y., Philadelphia, Penn.: Lea Brothers & Co., part II (Physiology of Pregnancy), pages 84, 97, 104, 111, and 112:

(obsolete, anatomy) Synonym of primordium


backlash

en-noun

backlash (countable and uncountable, plural backlashes)

... the word "backlash" is used in the extended sense in which it is understood in Lancashire and Yorkshire , including not only backlash proper , but also break of contact between the working faces of the teeth of the two wheels when the driven wheel overruns the driver without actual backlash . To place rope or belt drums of any considerable size upon shafts driven by spur gearing is nearly always dangerous.

1896 Mr. Michael Longridge, of Manchester: Breakdowns of Stationary Steam-Engines. Proceedings. Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Page 541

(mechanics) The looseness through which one part of connected machinery, such as a wheel, gear, piston, or screw, can be moved without moving the connected parts, or a measurement of the distance moved thereby; either intentional (as allowance) or unintentional (from error or wear).

луфт

mechanical: distance of free movement between connected parts

In ...breakages from high speed and irregular pitch, ten out of the eleven wheels had spur segments moulded from patterns, instead of by machinery; and in three of the ten the teeth were cast upon the felks, and were twisted and drawn, as they generally are when cast in this way, by the contraction of the mass of metal of which they form a part. In every instance the speed was high, and in several cases there was more or less backlash or over-running.

(mechanics) The jarring or reflex motion caused in badly fitting machinery by irregularities in velocity or a reverse of motion.

биене

jarring motion in badly fitting machinery


tail

Sranan Tongo: tere

From Middle English tail, tayl, teil, from Old English tæġl (“tail”), from Proto-West Germanic *tagl, from Proto-Germanic *taglą (“hair, fiber; hair of a tail”), from Proto-Indo-European *doḱ- (“hair of the tail”), from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to tear, fray, shred”). Cognate with Scots tail (“tail”), Saterland Frisian Tail (“tail, end”), West Frisian teil (“tail”), Dutch teil (“tail, haulm, blade”), Low German Tagel (“twisted scourge, whip of thongs and ropes; end of a rope”), German Zagel (“tail”), dialectal Danish tavl (“hair of the tail”), Swedish tagel (“hair of the tail, horsehair”), Norwegian tagl (“tail”), Icelandic tagl (“tail, horsetail, ponytail”), Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌲𐌻 (tagl, “hair”). In some senses, apparently by a generalization of the usual opposition between head and tail.

cog

have the world by the tail on a downhill pull

the cow knows not the worth of its tail till it loses it

trust someone as far as one could fling a bull by the tail

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) Synonym of pigtail (“a short length of twisted electrical wire”)


mole

Calqued from German Mol; spelled as if it had come directly from molecule or Latin moles (the ultimate source of Mol and molecule in any event).

International System of Units
International System of Units

(chemistry, physics) In the International System of Units, the base unit of amount of substance; the amount of substance of a system which contains exactly 6.02214076×10²³ elementary entities (atoms, ions, molecules, etc.). Symbol: mol. The number of atoms is known as Avogadro’s number. [from 1897]


g

en-noun

g (countable and uncountable, plural gs)

Alternative form: G

pull Gs

(physics) A unit of gravitational acceleration.


high

en-adj

high (comparative higher, superlative highest)

higher (comparative)
highest (superlative)

Sranan Tongo: hei

From Middle English high, heigh, heih, from Old English hēah (“high, tall, lofty, high-class, exalted, sublime, illustrious, important, proud, haughty, deep, right”), from Proto-West Germanic *hauh (“high”), from Proto-Germanic *hauhaz (“high”), from Proto-Indo-European *kewk- (“to elevate, height”). Cognate with Scots heich (“high”), Saterland Frisian hooch (“high”), West Frisian heech (“high”), Dutch hoog (“high”), Low German hoog (“high”), German hoch (“high”), Swedish hög (“high”), Norwegian høy (“high”), Icelandic hár (“high”), Lithuanian kaukas (“bump, boil, sore”).

der

The note was too high for her to sing.

(acoustics) Acute or shrill in pitch, due to being of greater frequency, i.e. produced by more rapid vibrations (wave oscillations).


black hole

desc

→ Bengali: ব্ল্যাকহোল (blêkhol), ব্ল্যাক হোল (blêk hol)

→ Japanese: ブラックホール (burakku hōru)

→ Korean: 블랙홀 (beullaekhol)

en:Black Hole of Calcutta
en:Hong-Yee Chiu
en:John Archibald Wheeler
en:black hole (disambiguation)

In reference to celestial bodies, physicist Hong-Yee Chiu attributed the term to his colleague Robert H. Dicke, who stated around 1960–1961 that the objects were "like the Black Hole of Calcutta". The first known usage in print was by journalist Ann Ewing in 1964. Widespread popularization of the term is generally credited to a 1967 lecture by physicist John Wheeler.

Astronomers have captured the first image of a black hole, heralding a revolution in our understanding of the universe’s most enigmatic objects.

2019 April 10, Hannah Devlin, The Guardian:

(astronomy) A gravitationally domineering celestial body with an event horizon from which even light cannot escape; the most dense material in the universe, condensed into a singularity, usually formed by a collapsing massive star.


dead

en-adj

dead (not generally comparable, comparative deader, superlative deadest)

deader (comparative)
deadest (superlative)

From Middle English ded, deed, from Old English dēad, from Proto-West Germanic *daud, from Proto-Germanic *daudaz. Compare West Frisian dead, dea, Dutch dood, German tot, Danish, Norwegian død, Norwegian Nynorsk daud.

(to have) gone to one's final resting place

a dead floor

(acoustics) Constructed so as not to reflect or transmit sound; soundless; anechoic.


s

Abbreviations.
s
# (stenoscript) the sound /s/ in a word.
#: (an orthographic ⟨s⟩ pronounced /z/ is transcribed z)
# (stenoscript) Abbreviation of us.
# (stenoscript) Abbreviation of saw.
# (stenoscript) the prefix or initial syllable sub-
#: (some manuals advise capital S for the prefix sub-)

(physics) Abbreviation of strange quark.


fox

en-noun

fox (plural foxes or (nonstandard, dialectal) foxen)

foxes (plural)
foxen (dialectal nonstandard plural)

→ Cheyenne: vóhkéso

→ Japanese: フォックス (fokkusu)

→ Maori: pōkiha

From Middle English fox, from Old English fox (“fox”), from Proto-West Germanic *fuhs, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz (“fox”), from Proto-Indo-European *púḱsos (“the tailed one”), possibly from *puḱ- (“tail”).
Cognate with Scots fox (“fox”), West Frisian foks (“fox”), Fering-Öömrang North Frisian foos and Sölring and Heligoland fos, Dutch vos (“fox”), Low German vos (“fox”), German Fuchs (“fox”), Icelandic fóa (“fox”), Tocharian B päkā (“tail, chowrie”), Russian пух (pux, “down, fluff”), Sanskrit पुच्छ (púccha) (whence Torwali پوش (pūš, “fox”), Hindi पूंछ (pūñch, “tail”)).

inh

the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog

(mechanics) A wedge driven into the split end of a bolt to tighten it.


maser

From MASER, acronym of microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation..

acronym of

w:microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-maser.wav

electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation

(physics) a device for the coherent amplification or generation of electromagnetic radiation (especially of microwave frequency) by the use of excitation energy in resonant atomic or molecular systems


field

→ Japanese: フィールド (fīrudo)

From Middle English feeld, feld, from Old English feld, from Proto-West Germanic *felþu, from Proto-Germanic *felþuz (“field”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“field, plain”) or *pleth₂- (“flat”) (with schwebeablaut).
Cognate with Scots feld, feild (“field”), North Frisian fjild (“field”), West Frisian fjild (“field”), Dutch veld (“field”), German Feld (“field”), Swedish fält (“field”). Related also to Old English folde (“earth, land, territory”), Old English folm (“palm of the hand”). More at fold.

veld

land area free of woodland, cities, and towns; open country

fushë

sports: area reserved for playing a game

Euclidean domain ⊂ principal ideal domain ⊂ unique factorization domain

Noetherian domain ⊂ integral domain ⊂ commutative ring

magnetic field; gravitational field; scalar field

Any of various figurative meanings, often dead metaphors.

(physics) A physical phenomenon (such as force, potential or fluid velocity) that pervades a region; a mathematical model of such a phenomenon that associates each point and time with a scalar, vector or tensor quantity.

en:physics: region affected by a particular force


state

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *stéh₂tus
Latin statuslbor.
Old French estatbor.
Middle English stat
English state
From Middle English stat (as a noun); adopted c. 1200 from both Old French estat and Latin status (“manner of standing, attitude, position, carriage, manner, dress, apparel; and other senses”), from stare (“to stand”). Doublet of estate and status. The sense of "polity" develops in the 14th century. Compare French être, Greek στέω (stéo), Italian stare, Portuguese estar, Romanian sta, and Spanish estar.

der

something is rotten in the state of Denmark

there is something rotten in the state of Denmark

States in which the energy has definite values are called stationary states of a system; they are described by wave functions Ψₙ which are the eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian operator, i.e. which satisfy the equation ĤΨₙ = EₙΨₙ, where Eₙ are the eigenvalues of the energy.

1977, J. B. Sykes, John Stewart Bell, translating Lev Landau, Evgeny Lifshitz, Course of Theoretical Physics Vol. 3: Quantum Mechanics: Non-relativistic Theory, page 28:

A condition; a set of circumstances applying at any given time.

(physics) A complete description of a system, consisting of parameters that determine all properties of the system.


particle

From Middle French particule, and its source, Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”).

uder

Grammatical particle
Particle (ecology)
particle

أَدَاة

word that does not obviously belong to any particular part of speech

អព្យយ

ʼappyĕəʼyĕəʼ

gravitationally interacting massive particle

super weakly interacting massive particle

What, he asked himself, does quantum theory have to say about the familiar properties of particles such as position?

2011, Brian Cox, Jeff Forshaw, The Quantum Universe, Allen Lane, published 2011, page 55:

The physics of elementary particles in the 20th century was distinguished by the observation of particles whose existence had been predicted by theorists sometimes decades earlier.

2012 March-April, Jeremy Bernstein, “A Palette of Particles”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 146:

(physics) Any of various physical objects making up the constituent parts of an atom; an elementary particle or subatomic particle.

جُسَيْم

physical object making up the constituent parts of an atom

subatominen hiukkanen (subatomic particle)


salt

en-verb

salt (third-person singular simple present salts, present participle salting, simple past and past participle salted)

salts (present singular third-person)
salting (participle present)
salted (participle past)
salted (past)

PIE word
 *séh₂ls
From Middle English salt, from Old English sealt, from Proto-West Germanic *salt, from Proto-Germanic *saltą, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls (“salt”). Doublet of sal, ultimately from Latin sāl (“salt”), which it superseded as the general term for "salt".

The composition of the fallout can also be changed by "salting" the weapon to be detonated. This consists in the inclusion of significant quantities of certain elements, possibly enriched in specific isotopes, for the purpose of producing induced radioactivity. There are several reasons why a weapon might be salted.

1964, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, page 417:

To insert or inject something into an object to give it properties it would not naturally have.

(transitive) To add certain chemical elements to (a nuclear or conventional weapon) so that it generates more radiation.


stop

For neutralino masses below approximately 700 GeV, gluino masses of less than 1.78 TeV and 1.76 TeV are excluded at the 95% CL in simplified models of the pair production of gluinos decaying via sbottom and stop, respectively.

2016, ATLAS Collaboration, “Search for pair production of gluinos decaying via stop and sbottom in events with b-jets and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector”, in arXiv:

(physics) The squark that is the superpartner of a top quark.


drag

en-noun

drag (countable and uncountable, plural drags)

From Middle English draggen (“to drag”), early Middle English dragen (“to draw, carry”), confluence of Old English dragan (“to drag, draw, draw oneself, go, protract”) and Old Norse draga (“to draw, attract”); both from Proto-Germanic *draganą (“to draw, drag”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to draw, drag”).
Verb sense influenced due to association with the noun drag (“that which is hauled or dragged”), related to Low German dragge (“a drag-anchor, grapnel”). Cognate with Danish drægge (“to dredge”), Danish drage (“to draw, attract”), Swedish dragga (“to drag, drag anchor, sweep”), Swedish draga (“to draw, go”), Icelandic draga (“to drag, pull”). Doublet of draw.

cog

When designing cars, manufacturers have to take drag into consideration.

(physics, uncountable) Resistance of a fluid to something moving through it.

resistència

resistance of the air or some other fluid


handwheel

When the large handwheel seen in the illustration of a 68000 class cab is moved from "stop" to "run", the traction circuit contactors are closed and the locomotive moves off with the diesel engine running at idling speed.

1964 May, “Automation in the cab—latest SNCF developments”, in Modern Railways, page 336:

(mechanics) Any wheel worked by hand, whether used to allow leverage, as of a valve or a handbrake, or to allow fine adjustment, as of a set screw.


fulcrum

Borrowed from Latin fulcrum (“bedpost, foot of a couch”), from fulciō (“prop up, support”).

bor

It is possible to flick food across the table using your fork as a lever and your finger as a fulcrum.

MILDRED: Archimedes said give me a lever long enough and a fulcrum on which to place it and I will move the world.
CHARLOTTE: Yeah she said that twaddle eight or nine times.

A doorknob of whatever roundish shape is effectively a continuum of levers, with the axis of the latching mechanism—known as the spindle—being the fulcrum about which the turning takes place.

2012 March 20, Henry Petroski, “Opening Doors”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, pages 112–3:

(mechanics) The support about which a lever pivots.


centrifugal force

en-noun

centrifugal force (countable and uncountable, plural centrifugal forces)

Although the Citadel is equipped with mass-effect-generating element-zero cores, most of the gravity on the station is generated by the centrifugal force of rotation.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Citadel Station: Statistics Codex entry:

(physics) In a rotating reference frame, the apparent force that seems to push all bodies away from the centre of rotation of the frame and is a consequence of the body's mass and the frame's angular speed. It works in conjunction with the Coriolis force to give correct motion.

(physics) In circular motion, the 'reactive' centrifugal force is a real force applied by the accelerating body that is equal and opposite to the centripetal force that is acting on the accelerating body.

(physics) In polar coordinates, the apparent radial force that acts away from the center and is a consequence of the body's angular speed around the origin.


bicarbonate

sodium bicarbonate used as a mild antacid; bicarbonate of soda


physics

→ Welsh: ffiseg

1580s; from physic (see also -ics), from Middle English phisik, from Old French fisike (“natural science, art of healing”), from Latin physica (“study of nature”), from Ancient Greek φυσική (phusikḗ), feminine singular of φυσικός (phusikós, “natural; physical”), from Ancient Greek φύσις (phúsis, “origin; nature, property”), from Ancient Greek φύω (phúō, “produce; bear; grow”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to appear, become, rise up”).

der

Newtonian physics was extended by Einstein to explain the effects of travelling near the speed of light; quantum physics extends it to account for the behaviour of atoms.

An analysis of media reports can correspondingly cast some light not only on how much physics is being reported, but on what branches of physics attract most popular attention.

1994, A.J Meadows, M.M Hancock-Beaulieu, editors, Front Page Physics: A Century of Physics in the News, page 3:

2012 March 20, Jeremy Bernstein, “A Palette of Particles”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 146:

The branch of science concerned with the study of the properties and interactions of space, time, matter and energy.


APL

(computer language): From the book A Programming Language (1962).

(astronomy, NASA, physics) Initialism of Applied Physics Laboratory (a Johns Hopkins University laboratory)

(physics, US) Initialism of Applied Physics Laboratory (at the University of Washington)


GB

(crystallography) Initialism of grain boundary.


output

en-noun

output (countable and uncountable, plural outputs)

From out + (verb) put; nominalisation of put out.

That which is produced by something, especially that which is produced within a particular time period or from a particular effort.

(electrical engineering) The amount of power produced by a particular system.

(computing, electrical engineering) The terminal through which the data or power is delivered from the source, output terminal.


fast

en-adj

fast (comparative faster, superlative fastest)

faster (comparative)
fastest (superlative)

slow

antonym(s) of “occurring or happening within a short time”

From Middle English fast, fest, from Old English fæst (“firm, secure”), from Proto-West Germanic *fast, from Proto-Germanic *fastuz; see it for cognates and further etymology.
The development of “rapid” from an original sense of “secure” apparently happened first in the adverb and then transferred to the adjective; compare hard in expressions like “to run hard”. The original sense of “secure, firm” is now slightly archaic, but retained in the related fasten (“make secure”). Also compare close meaning change from Latin rapiō (“to snatch”) to Latin rapidus (“rapid, quick”), from Irish sciob (“to snatch”) to Irish sciobtha (“quick”).

алас

moving or capable of moving with great speed

masalusu

velocity of a flowing liquid in a body of water

don't drive faster than your guardian angel can fly

Plutonium-240 has a much higher fission cross-section for fast neutrons than for thermal neutrons.

Moving with great speed, or capable of doing so; swift, rapid.

(nuclear physics, of a neutron) Having a kinetic energy between 1 million and 20 million electron volts; often used to describe the energy state of free neutrons at the moment of their release by a nuclear fission or nuclear fusion reaction (i.e., before the neutrons have been slowed down by anything).


ABC

en-noun

ABC (countable and uncountable, plural ABCs)

As a matter of fact, when numerically handling a model originally established on an unbounded domain, it is compulsory to impose the pertinent ABC to terminate the endless mesh while retaining a well-posed and stable simulation.

2008, Nikolaos V. Kantartzis, Theodoros D. Tsiboukis, Modern EMC Analysis Techniques I: Time-Domain Computational Schemes, Morgan & Claypool, →ISBN, page 180:

boundary condition
boundary condition#English

(electrical engineering) Initialism of absorbing boundary condition.


magic

From Middle English magik, magyk, from Old French magique (noun and adjective), from Latin magicus (adjective), magica (noun use of feminine form of magicus), from Ancient Greek μαγικός (magikós, “magical”), from μάγος (mágos, “magus”). Ultimately from Old Iranian, probably derived from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂gʰ- (“to be able to, to help; power, sorcerer”). Displaced native Old English ġealdor (survived in Middle English galder), and dwimmer.

der

(physics) Describing the number of nucleons in a particularly stable isotopic nucleus; 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, 126, and 184.


PET

en-noun

PET (countable and uncountable, plural PETs)

The name of the computer (sense 4) derives from the 1970s pet rock fad; the acronym was invented afterwards.

(countable, genetics) Acronym of paired-end tag.


sea

From Middle English see, from Old English sǣ (“sea”), from Proto-West Germanic *saiwi, from Proto-Germanic *saiwiz (compare West Frisian see, Dutch zee, German See, Danish sø, Norwegian Bokmål sjø, Swedish sjö), probably either from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ey-wo- (“to be fierce, afflict”) (compare Latin saevus (“wild, fierce”), Tocharian B saiwe (“itch”), Latvian sievs, sīvs (“sharp, biting”); more at sore) or derived from *sīhwaną (“to percolate, filter”), in which case *saiwiz is from earlier *saigwiz, Pre-Germanic *soykʷ-ís.

der

a smooth sea never made a skilled sailor

(physics) A constant flux of gluons splitting into quarks, which annihilate to produce further gluons.


CD

en-noun

CD (countable and uncountable, plural CDs)

Abbreviation of various terms and phrases.

circular dichroism
circular dichroism#English

(physical chemistry, quantum mechanics) Initialism of circular dichroism.

(medicine) Abbreviation of Crohn's disease.

سِي دِي

abbreviation of compact disc — see also compact disc


PPV

PPV (countable and uncountable, plural PPVs)

polyphenylene vinylene
polyphenylene vinylene#English

(polymer) Initialism of polyphenylene vinylene.

positive pressure ventilation
positive pressure ventilation#English

(medicine) Abbreviation of positive pressure ventilation.

(countable, by extension) A positive pressure ventilation machine, a PPV device

HFPPV

high frequency positive pressure ventilation

IPPV

intermittent positive pressure ventilation

NPPV

noninvasive positive pressure ventilation

NiPPV

non-invasive positive pressure ventilation


CFL

color–flavor locking
w:color–flavor locking

(physics) Initialism of color–flavor locking.


void

From Middle English voide, voyde, from Old French vuit, voide, vuide (modern vide), in turn from Vulgar Latin *vocitum, ultimately from Latin vacuus.

üreg

fluid mechanics: a pocket of vapour inside a fluid flow, created by cavitation

(fluid mechanics) A pocket of vapour inside a fluid flow, created by cavitation.


polyhedron

polyhedron (plural polyhedra or polyhedrons)

From New Latin polyedron, from Ancient Greek πολύεδρος (polúedros, “having many seats”), from πολυ- (polu-, “many”) + ἕδρα (hédra, “seat”); compare French polyèdre. By surface analysis, poly- + -hedron.

der

List of uniform polyhedra on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

(optics) A polyscope, or multiplying glass.


gamma

en-noun

gamma (countable and uncountable, plural gammas)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek γάμμα (gámma). Doublet of gimel.

(physics) A gamma ray or gamma-ray photon.

magnetic flux density
magnetic flux density

(physics) A non-SI unit of measure of magnetic flux density, equal to 1 nT.

(physics) A non-SI unit of measure of mass, equal to 1 microgramme.


discrete

en-adj

discrete (comparative more discrete, superlative most discrete)

more discrete (comparative)
most discrete (superlative)

From Old French discret, from Latin discrētus, past participle of discernō (“divide”), from dis- + cernō (“sift”). Doublet of discreet.

(electrical engineering) Having separate electronic components, such as individual diodes, transistors and resistors, as opposed to integrated circuitry.


cubic

From Middle French cubique, equivalent to cube + -ic.

cubic cleavage

(crystallography) Having three equal axes and all angles 90°.

مُكَعَّب

having three equal axes and all angles 90°


linear

linear (comparative more linear, superlative most linear)

more linear (comparative)
most linear (superlative)

From Latin līneāris, from līnea (“line”) + -āris (adjectival suffix), equivalent to line + -ar. Doublet of lineal.

lineêr

in mathematics, of first-degree polynomial

a linear meter

(physics) A type of length measurement involving only one spatial dimension (as opposed to area or volume).


eta

(physics) A kind of electrically neutral meson having zero spin and isospin.


beta

en-noun

beta (countable and uncountable, plural betas)

From Ancient Greek βῆτα (bêta). Doublet of beth.


delta

From Ancient Greek δέλτα (délta), borrowed from a Phoenician word for "door", ultimately from Proto-Semitic *dalt-. Doublet of dalet.
* (river): from the triangular shape of the majuscule Greek letter delta Δ
* (USSF): from the delta wing, symbol of the USSF, a triangular wing, shaped like the majuscule Greek letter delta Δ

ΔV - "delta vee"(change in velocity, used in rocketry and orbital mechanics)

(mathematics, physics, engineering) The symbol Δ; A change in a quantity, likely from "d" for "difference".

(physics) one of four baryons consisting of up and down quarks with a combined spin of 3/2: Δ⁺⁺ (uuu), Δ⁺ (uud), Δ⁰ (udd), or Δ⁻ (ddd)


xi

(physics) Either of a pair of hyperons having spin 1/2, which decay into a lambda particle and a pion.


lambda

From Ancient Greek λάμβδα (lámbda). Doublet of lamed.

(physics, mathematics) Unit representation of wavelength.

cosmological constant
cosmological constant


atomic number

(physics, chemistry) The number of protons in an atom. Symbol: Z

заря́довое число́

а́томного ядра́

поря́дковый но́мер

хими́ческого элеме́нта


event horizon

[əˈvɛɾ̃ həˈɹaɪ.zən]

(astrophysics) The gravitational sphere of a black hole within which the escape velocity is greater than the speed of light.

waarnemingshorison

gravitational sphere within which light cannot escape


decibel

A common measure of sound intensity ratio that is one tenth of a bel on the logarithmic intensity scale. It is defined as dB = ⅒log₁₀(P₁ / P₂), where P₁ and P₂ are the relative powers of the sound.


density

density (countable and uncountable, plural densities)

Borrowed from Middle French densité or Latin densitas.
Morphologically dense + -ity

كَثَافَة

In the past two years, NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope has located nearly 3,000 exoplanet candidates ranging from sub-Earth-sized minions to gas giants that dwarf our own Jupiter. Their densities range from that of styrofoam to iron.

2013 May-June, Kevin Heng, “Why Does Nature Form Exoplanets Easily?”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 184:

Aquafaba was recovered from 10 commercial canned chickpea products and correlations among aquafaba composition, density, viscosity and foaming properties were investigated. Proton NMR was used to characterize aquafaba composition before and after ultrafiltration through membranes with different molecular weight cut offs (MWCOs of 3, 10, or 50 kDa).

2018 October 3, Youn Young Shim, Rana Mustafa, Jianheng Shen, Kornsulee Ratanapariyanuch, Martin J. T. Reaney, “Composition and Properties of Aquafaba: Water Recovered from Commercially Canned Chickpeas”, in Journal of Visualized Experiments, volume 132, →DOI, →PMID:

en:physics: amount of matter contained by a given volume

(physics) A measure of the mass of matter contained by a unit volume.

The number of particles per unit volume of a specified volume can be considered to be the particle density for the specified volume.

Density, which is genetically linked, deals with the number of strands per square inch on your scalp. Normal density can range from slight to substantial, varying from person to person.

2007, Lisa Akbari, Every Woman's Guide to Beautiful Hair at Any Age, page 37:

It is vital to use proper keyword density because if your density is too low, your SERP's ranking decreases.

2010, Alyssa Ast, The Fundamentals of SEO for the Average Joe, page 23:

Let's say you get a new customer across town and you don't have any other customers over there. You still need to be competitive with price, but it costs too much money to send crews or a serviceman to one account across town. You need to get more customers over there for margins to exceed the costs of going over there. Once you hit a certain density, you're in the black.

2010, Neil Gillespie, Discover Your Core, Then Go for More, page 42:

en:number of particles or other quantity contained by a given volume

The ratio of one quantity, representing something of interest, to another quantity representing space, area, or extent in which the thing of interest is distributed.


protactinium

A chemical element (symbol Pa) with atomic number 91: a dense, silvery-gray actinide metal.


berkelium

After Berkeley, California, because of discovery at UC Berkeley, + -ium.

A transuranic chemical element (symbol Bk) with an atomic number of 97.


americium

americium (usually uncountable, plural americiums)

/ˌæməˈɹɪsiəm/

From Americ(as) + -ium, by analogy with europium.

The chemical element (symbol Am) with an atomic number of 95.


thorium

thorium (usually uncountable, plural thoriums)

A chemical element (symbol Th) with atomic number 90: a weakly radioactive, malleable, moderately hard silvery metal that tarnishes black when exposed to air.


actinium

actinium (usually uncountable, plural actiniums)

Borrowed from French actinium. actin- + -ium.

A radioactive, metallic chemical element (symbol: Ac) with an atomic number of 89; found in uranium ores.


uranium

uranium (countable and uncountable, plural uraniums)

The element with atomic number 92 and symbol U: a radioactive silvery-grey metal in the actinide series.


nobelium

a transuranic chemical element (symbol No) with an atomic number of 102.


lawrencium

From Lawrence + -ium; named for Ernest Lawrence.

A transuranic chemical element (symbol Lr, formerly Lw) with atomic number 103.


californium

From California + -ium. The element was first synthesized at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (then the University of California Radiation Laboratory), thus named after the university and the U.S. state of California.

A strongly radioactive and highly fissile transuranic chemical element (symbol Cf) with an atomic number of 98.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
californium


curium

From Curie + -ium; named after Pierre and Marie Curie.

A highly fissile transuranic chemical element (symbol Cm) with an atomic number of 96.


pressure

pressure (countable and uncountable, plural pressures)

[ˈpɹɛʃ.ə(ɹ)]

(physics) The amount of force that is applied over a given area divided by the size of this area; force per unit area.

presion

physics: amount of force divided by area


plutonium

plutonium (usually uncountable, plural plutoniums)

After Pluto (the entity formerly considered to be a planet) + -ium.

For 75 years, it has fulfilled a wide range of roles: producing weapons-grade plutonium for early atomic weapons in the aftermath of the Second World War; the world's first commercial nuclear power station supplying electricity to the National Grid; reprocessing and storage of nuclear fuel; and the processing of lower grades of radioactive waste for off-site storage.

2023 December 27, Ben Jones, “Inside Sellafield... by rail”, in RAIL, number 999, page 20:

The transuranic chemical element with atomic number 94 and symbol Pu: a silvery-gray fissile radioactive actinide metal that tarnishes when exposed to air.


neptunium

From Neptune + -ium, after the planet. The previous element is uranium, named after the previous planet: Uranus.

The transuranic chemical element with atomic number 93 and symbol Np.


mendelevium

From Mendeleev + -ium; named after the scientist Dmitri Mendeleev, creator of the periodic table. The same name was proposed, but rejected, for the earlier-discovered elements berkelium and erbium.

(chemistry) A transuranic chemical element (symbol Md, formerly Mv) with atomic number 101.


fermium

From Fermi + -ium; named for Enrico Fermi.

A transuranic chemical element (symbol Fm) with an atomic number of 100.


einsteinium

From Einstein + -ium. Named after Albert Einstein.

Einsteinium, the 99th element of the periodic table, was discovered in the fallout of the first hydrogen bomb, detonated by the United States in the Marshall Islands on November 1, 1952.

2021 February 3, Becky Ferreira, “Scientists Just Studied a Dangerous Element Discovered in a 50s Nuke Test”, in VICE:

A transuranic chemical element (symbol Es) with atomic number 99: a soft, silvery, paramagnetic metal.


nucleus

Learned borrowing from Latin nucleus (“kernel, core”). The earliest uses refer to the head of a comet and the kernel of a seed, both recorded in Lexicon Technicum in 1704. The sense in atomic physics was coined by Scientist Michael Faraday in 1844 in a theoretical meaning.

coin

Meronyms: proton, neutron, electron

(chemistry, physics) The massive, positively charged central part of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons.

nukleus

physics: massive, positively charged core of an atom


accelerative

en-adj

accelerative (comparative more accelerative, superlative most accelerative)

more accelerative (comparative)
most accelerative (superlative)

The accelerative powers of a diesel unit like this are such that allowances for delays must be less than those with steam power: [...]

1960 April, Cecil J. Allen, “Locomotive Running Past and Present”, in Trains Illustrated, pages 210–211:

Relating to acceleration; adding to velocity; quickening.


accelerograph

(geology) An instrument used to record the acceleration of the ground during an earthquake.


accelerometer

An instrument for measuring acceleration.


area

A boy seized it, whom she bribed with a shilling to relinquish his prize, which she was taking home, when it escaped from her hand, and fell down the area of a house.

1790, Helen Maria Williams, Julia, Routledge, published 2016, page 95:

This was so favourably received by the milkman and beadle that he would immediately have been pushed into the area if I had not held his pinafore while Richard and Mr. Guppy ran down through the kitchen to catch him when he should be released.

1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, chapter 4, in Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC:

A minute later we were both in the area. Hardly had we reached the dark shadows before the step of the policeman was heard in the fog above. As its soft rhythm died away, Holmes set to work upon the lower door. I saw him stoop and strain until with a sharp crash it flew open. We sprang through into the dark passage, closing the area door behind us.

1908, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans:

(British) An open space, below ground level, giving access to the basement of a house, and typically separated from the pavement by railings.

επιφάνεια υπογείων

open space, below ground level, between the front of a house and the pavement

But what do I do when the third one runs at me with his bike helmet on? I got no more hands to protect my area!

2003 October 2, “The One Where Ross Is Fine”, in Friends, season 10, episode 2, spoken by Frank Buffay Jr. (Giovanni Ribisi), via NBC:


atom

→ Swahili: atomi

From Middle English attome, from Middle French athome, from Latin atomus (“smallest particle”), from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos, “indivisible”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + τέμνω (témnō, “I cut”). Atoms are so named because historically the notion was that they were indivisible, given that chemically they are indeed so; the splitting of atoms awaited a later era of science and technology, and nonchemical means.

atoom

historical: theoretical particle of matter

atom

mathematics: member of a Boolean algebra

बूलियन बिजगणितीय प्रणालीतील एक घटक

Meronyms: proton, neutron, electron

Oxygen levels on Earth skyrocketed 2.4 billion years ago, when cyanobacteria evolved photosynthesis: the ability to convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and waste oxygen using solar energy. The evolutionary precursor of photosynthesis is still under debate, and a new study sheds light. The critical component of the photosynthetic system is the water-oxidizing complex, made up of manganese atoms and a calcium atom.

2013 September–October, Katie L. Burke, “In the news: Photosynthesis precursor”, in American Scientist, archived from the original on 2016-04-13:

(chemistry, physics) The smallest possible amount of matter which still retains its identity as a chemical element, now known to consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.

atoom

chemistry, physics: smallest possible amount of matter retaining its chemical properties


radium

en-noun

radium (countable and uncountable, plural radiums)

Borrowed from French radium, from rad(ioactif) (“radioactive”) + -ium (suffix used to form the names of metallic elements).

suffix

Madame [Marie] Curie, working with her distinguished husband, isolated and first traced to its true origin the source of the marvellous power which has thus commenced to revolutionise our philosophy of physics. This new element has appropriately been named "Radium;" but it has also been shown that there are many other, though less powerful, radio-active elements, details of which are recorded in the sequel. To be precise, radium, per se, has not yet been isolated as a metal, but only in the form of salts,—chlorides and bromides. [...] It is supposed that the molecules of radium (composed of similar atoms) during their decomposition into those of the gas helium, are also frittered down into heat and, in part, are liberated as radio-activity.

1902, Ernest Howard Adye, “Radio-active Elements”, in Frank Rutley, Mineralogy (Murby’s “Science and Art Department” Series of Text-books), 15th revised and corrected edition, London: Thomas Murby & Co., […], →OCLC, page 234:

The persistence of radio-activity on glass vessels which have contained radium is remarkable. Filters, beakers, and dishes used in the laboratory for operations with radium, after having been washed in the usual way, remain radio-active: a piece of blende screen held inside the beaker or other vessel immediately glowing with the presence of radium.

1903 April 2, William Crookes, “The Emanations of Radium”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science, volume 67, number 1744, London: Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, pages 522–523:

The object of this work is to determine how the radiums D, E, and F are separated from the substance known as radio-lead by certain chemical reactions. Recrystallisation of the nitrate from a neutral solution gradually removes the radium-F (polonium), which remains in the mother liquor, but does not appreciably influence the amounts of radiums D and E in the crystals.

1908, E. H[orton], “General and Physical Chemistry. [Radio-lead. Belá Szilard.]”, in J. C. Cain, editor, Journal of the Chemical Society. Abstracts of Papers on Physical, Inorganic, Mineralogical, Physiological, Agricultural, and Analytical Chemistry, volume XCIV, part II, London: Gurney & Jackson, […], →OCLC, page 141:

Radium is formed by the breaking up of atoms of another element called uranium, but radium shows this breaking up process in its own atoms more distinctly than does uranium or any other element we know, and it is this breaking up that gives radium its astonishing properties such as the production of heat, electricity, and wave motions in the ether which are similar to the wave motions which produce the sensation of light to our eyes.

1919 December, Henriette Boeckmann, “Bringing the Stars to the People: It’s Easy to Get on Familiar Terms with Other Worlds at Clark Observatory”, in Waldemar Kaempffert, editor, Popular Science Monthly, volume 95, number 5, New York, N.Y.: Modern Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, page 206, column 1:

As for myself, I had to devote again a great deal of time to the preparation of several decigrammes of very pure radium chloride. With this I achieved, in 1907, a new determination of the atomic weight of radium, and in 1910 I was able to isolate the metal.

1923, Marie Curie, “Autobiographical Notes: Marie Curie”, in Charlotte Kellogg, Vernon Kellogg, transl., Pierre Curie, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, chapter II, page 197:

Of the total, fifteen cases were treated surgically, seventeen by radium, one by a combination of the two methods, three by radium and X-ray, one by the Percy cautery, two by the cautery, and two by the cautery preceding the application of radium.

1923 September, Dewell Gann, “The Review of Forty Consecutive Cases of Carcinoma of the Cervix”, in The Urologic and Cutaneous Review, volume XXVII, number 9, St. Louis, Mo.: Urologic and Cutaneous Press, →OCLC, page 564, column 1:

As soon as it had been shown that skin burns could be caused by radium, medical men began to experiment in order to find out if malignant growths of the skin could be destroyed by the same agency. [...] Immense strides have been made in the technique of applying the radium to kill cancers.

1936, Wyndham E. B. Lloyd, “Radium”, in A Hundred Years of Medicine, London: Duckworth […], published 1939, part II (Scientific Discovery in the Last Hundred Years), page 208:

Well, remember how the children of the State Orphanage became mysteriously ill? The doctors diagnosed it as radium poisoning, but how it happened was a first class mystery to them. There's no radium factory within miles of the orphanage.

1940 May–June, Charles Nicholas [pseudonym; Charles Nicholas Cuidera], “Mass Murder by Radioactive Salt”, in The Blue Beetle, number 2, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.: Fox Feature Syndicate, →OCLC, column 1:

The U.S. radium dial painters of the 1920s comprised an early cohort of several thousand workers at increased risk of developing radiation induced cancers.

2010, Charles L. Sanders, “Accidents, Tests, and Incidents”, in Radiation Hormesis and the Linear-No-Threshold Assumption, Heidelberg, Dordrecht: Springer-Verlag, →DOI, →ISBN, page 43:

Even as X-rays vied with radium as the preferred tool for biological experimentation in later decades, [Hermann Joseph] Muller continued to rely on radium not only as a mutagen, but also as an important conceptual tool, seeing radium and life as somehow intimately connected analogically, discursively, evolutionarily, mechanistically, and metaphysically.

2015, Luis A. Campos, “Transmutations and Disintegrations”, in Radium and the Secret of Life, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 247:

alkaline earth metal
alkaline earth metal

The chemical element (symbol Ra) with an atomic number of 88. It is a soft, shiny and silvery radioactive alkaline earth metal.

radium

chemical element with an atomic number of 88


influence

en-noun

influence (countable and uncountable, plural influences)

From Middle English influence, from Old French influence (“emanation from the stars affecting one's fate”), from Medieval Latin īnfluentia, from Latin īnfluēns (“flowing in”), present active participle of īnfluō (“flow into”), from in- (“in-”) + fluō (“flow”). Doublet of influenza and inflood.


emu

A bar magnet NS has poles of strength 144 emu, 5 cm apart.

1941, Henry A[ugustus Perkins], edited by E[dward] U[hler] Condon, College Physics (Prentice-Hall Physics Series), New York, N.Y.: Prentice-Hall, →OCLC, page 403:

Rock Magnetic Properties as Related to a Magnetometer Profile for Serpentines, Sierra Nevada, California / DuBOIS, ROBERT L., Dept. Geology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz. / The remanent magnetism of a suite of specimens from a serpentine mass in the Sierra Nevada, California, has a declination of N. 32°E. and an inclination of plus 84°. The average intensity is 80 × 10⁻⁵ emu/cc.

1962, “Abstracts of Papers Submitted for the Meeting in Houston: November 12–14, 1962”, in Geological Society of America: Abstracts for 1962: Abstracts of Papers Submitted for Six Meetings with which the Society was Associated (Special GSA Papers; no. 73), New York, N.Y.: Geological Society of America, published 1963, →OCLC, page 141:

The amount of charge named by one emu is that which produces a unit magnetic effect when flowing in a current at one unit length per second.

1974, William Berkson, “Maxwell’s Field Theory”, in Fields of Force: The Development of a World View from Faraday to Einstein, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, →ISBN; republished Abingdon, Oxon., New York, N.Y.: Routledge, 2014, →ISBN, page 168:

Early investigations showed no detectable magnetic intensity in tektite glass, at the level of about 10⁻⁴ emu/g. (To convert measurements in emu/g to S.I., multiply by 10³.)

1976, John Aloysius O’Keefe, Tektites and Their Origin (Developments in Petrology; 4), Amsterdam, New York, N.Y.: Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co., →OCLC, page 109:

Experimentally the magnetic moment is usually given in units of emu/g, emu/cm³ or emu/mole.

2005, Peter Mohn, “Experimental Basis of Ferromagnetism”, in Magnetism in the Solid State: An Introduction (Solid-State Sciences), Berlin: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 39:

electromagnetic unit
electromagnetic unit#English

(physics) Initialism of electromagnetic unit.


LCD

LCD monitors offer higher resolution and take up far less space than traditional PC displays.

2001 May 23, James Connell, “Apple to Drop CRT Monitors”, in International Herald Tribune, →ISSN:

liquid crystal display
liquid crystal display#English

(electronics, computing) Initialism of liquid crystal display.


ejector

/iːˈd͡ʒɛktɚ/

(mechanics) A jet jump for lifting water or withdrawing air from a space.


ac

(electricity) Alternative letter-case form of AC (“alternating current”)


omega

From Middle English, from Ancient Greek ὦ μέγα (ô méga), meaning “great ω” (omega is a long vowel in Ancient Greek).

The ratio between the rho and omega cross section is obtained.

2013, Issues in General Physics Research, page 1084:


mechanics

From Latin mēchanicus, from Ancient Greek μηχανικός (mēkhanikós), from μηχανή (mēkhanḗ, “machine, tool”).

(physics) The branch of physics that deals with the action of forces on material objects with mass


milkshake

This milkshake under the oil cap, or on the dipstick, indicates a blown head gasket.

(mechanics, informal) Accidental emulsion of oil and water in an engine.


semiconductor

Holonyms: chip, microchip, integrated circuit

Integrated circuits are made from semiconductors, especially silicon.

In this sense we are to understand the following table in which bodies are classed as conductors, semiconductors, and nonconductors; those bodies being conveniently designated as conductors which, when applied to an electroscope charged with either kind of electricity discharge it almost instantaneously; semiconductors being those which discharge it in a short but measurable time, a few seconds, for instance; while nonconductors effect no discharge even, in the course of a minute.

1876, Adolphe Ganot, Natural Philosophy for General Readers and Young Persons, page 422:

The following table of conductors may therefore be used in inverse order as a table of resistances, the good conductors being bodies of slight resistance, the semiconductors being bodies of great resistance, and the insulators being bodies of so great resistance that they almost effectually oppose the passage of any current.

1901, George W. Jacoby, A System of Physiologic Therapeutics: Electrotherapy:

(physics) A substance with electrical properties intermediate between a good conductor and a good insulator.

gjysmëpërcjellës

substance with electrical properties between conductor and insulator


spectrum

From Latin spectrum (“appearance, image, apparition”), from speciō (“look at, view”). Doublet of specter. See also scope.

bor

He punctuated his words with a look into my eyes that might have been read as threatening or menacing by anyone who was not on the spectrum. But I am on the spectrum, and so I stared back at him.

2022, Percival Everett, Dr. No, Influx Press (2023), page 110:

(psychology, education, usually with the) The autism spectrum.


electronic

(physics, chemistry) Of or pertaining to an electron or electrons.


circuit

From Middle English circuit, from Old French circuit, from Latin circuitus (“a going round”), from circuire (“go round”), from circum (“around”) + ire. As a Chinese administrative division, a calque of Chinese 道 (dào) or 路 (lù).

piiri

Methodist Church: district in which an itinerant preacher labors

dao

Imperial Chinese administrative divisions

(electricity) Enclosed path of an electric current, usually designed for a certain function.


generator

/ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/

From Latin, from past participle of genero (“beget, father”).

When you come across something that looks like a listcomp but is surrounded by parentheses, you're looking at a generator: […]

2016, Paul Barry, Head First Python: A Brain-Friendly Guide, O'Reilly, →ISBN, page 508:

One who, or that which, generates, begets, causes, or produces.

(programming) A subordinate piece of code which, given some initial parameters, will generate multiple output values on request.


safety

en-noun

safety (countable and uncountable, plural safeties)

Inherited from Middle English savete, from Old French sauveté, from earlier salvetet, from Medieval Latin salvitās, salvitātem, from Latin salvus.

Be sure that the safety is set before proceeding.

(mechanics) A mechanism on a weapon or dangerous equipment designed to prevent accidental firing.


If the NOT gate input is 1, the output is 0.

(electrical engineering) The off or low bit state.


voltage

voltage (countable and uncountable, plural voltages)

From volt + -age, ultimately derived from the name of Alessandro Volta, inventor of the modern battery.

The voltage between the wires is too low to produce a spark.

Be careful when opening high-voltage equipment.

(electricity) The difference in electrostatic potential between two points in space, especially between live and neutral conductors or the earth.


secular

en-adj

secular (comparative more secular, superlative most secular)

more secular (comparative)
most secular (superlative)

monastic

antonym(s) of “not bound by monastic vows”

From Middle English seculer, from Old French seculer, from Latin saeculāris (“of the age”), from saeculum.

Laplace (1749–1827) "saved the world" by using probability theory to estimate the parameters accurately enough to show that the drift of Jupiter was not secular after all; the observations at hand had covered only a fraction of a cycle of an oscillation with a period of about 880 years.

2003, E. T. Jaynes, Probability Theory: The Logic of Science, Cambridge University Press, pages 234–235:

(astrophysics, geology) Relating to long-term non-periodic irregularities, especially in planetary motion or magnetic field.

sekulaarinen

astrophysics: of or pertaining to long-term non-periodic irregularities


closed

open

antonym(s) of “also phonetics (of vowels, syllables)”

(electricity, of a switch or circuit breaker) To be in a position allowing electricity to flow.


scalar

Borrowed from Latin scālāris, adjectival form from scāla (“a flight of steps, stairs, staircase, ladder, scale”), for *scadla, from scandere (“to climb”); compare scale. The mathematics sense was coined by Irish mathematician and astronomer William Rowan Hamilton in 1846.

coin

(physics) Relating to particles with a spin (quantum angular momentum) of 0 (known as spin 0).


degree

From Middle English degre, borrowed from Old French degré (French: degré), itself from Latin gradus, with the prefix de-.

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 26. Degree

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 31. Greatness

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 32. Smallness

212 degrees Fahrenheit is equivalent to 100 degrees Celsius.

Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

(physics) A unit of measurement of temperature on any of several scales, such as Celsius or Fahrenheit.


poppet

The stem and valve head in a poppet valve.