odd-odd

an odd-odd nucleus

(physics) Having odd numbers of both protons and neutrons.


even-odd

an even-odd nucleus

(physics) Having an even number of protons and an odd number of neutrons.


sarcinopterin

(biochemistry) A derivative of methanopterin


radiogenome

The genome of genes affected by radiation


fünfbein

Equivalent to German fünf (“five”) + Beine (“legs”). Compare German fünfbeinig (“five-legged”).

For quotations using this term, see Citations:fünfbein.

(mathematics, physics) Synonym of pentad


sechsbein

Equivalent to German sechs (“six”) + Beine (“legs”). Compare German sechsbeinig (“six-legged”).

For quotations using this term, see Citations:sechsbein.


siebenbein

Equivalent to German sieben (“seven”) + Beine (“legs”).

For quotations using this term, see Citations:siebenbein.

(mathematics, physics) Synonym of heptad


achtbein

Equivalent to German acht (“eight”) + Beine (“legs”).

The extended siebenbein, or achtbein, v^(a')ᵢ, has unit determinant and is constructed from the siebenbein eᵃᵢ and the 7 scalar fields ϕₘ as follows

1991 August 13, C D Froggatt, H B Nielsen, Origin Of Symmetries, World Scientific, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 59:


hourly rating

The year 1926 saw the putting in service of the first of the magnificent 1-Co-Co-1 locomotives of Type Ae 6/8, which at the time of their construction, with their hourly rating of 4,500 h.p., were the most powerful single electric locomotive units in the world.

1960 December, Cecil J. Allen, “Operating a mountain main line: the Bern-Lötschberg-Simplon: Part One”, in Trains Illustrated, page 743:

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering, rail transport) A measure of the maximum output, usually expressed in horsepower, that can be obtained from the motors of an electric locomotive for a period of one hour without the motors overheating.


neunbein

Equivalent to German neun (“nine”) + Beine (“legs”).

For quotations using this term, see Citations:neunbein.

(mathematics, physics) Synonym of ennead


zehnbein

Equivalent to German zehn (“ten”) + Beine (“legs”).

For quotations using this term, see Citations:zehnbein.

(mathematics, physics) Synonym of decad (group of ten)


elfbein

Equivalent to German elf (“eleven”) + Beine (“legs”).

For quotations using this term, see Citations:elfbein.

(mathematics, physics) Synonym of hendecad


ferroelectric shutter

en-noun

ferroelectric shutter (plural ferroelectric shutters)

(optics) A shutter consisting of a slab of ferroelectric crystal located between polarizers whose planes are at right angles


decollimation

(optics, radio) Any mechanism in which rays either diverge or converge from parallelism


heptaquark

(physics) Any hypothetical composite particle composed of seven quarks or antiquarks.


Fermat's principle

First proposed by French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in 1662.

But we now see that, if we use Fermat's principle, a fundamental result of any wave theory, and combine it with de Broglie's assumption about the relation between momentum and wavelength, we are led at once to the principle of least action.

1960, John Clarke Slater, Quantum Theory of Atomic Structure, McGraw-Hill, page 39:

[…], Keller simply postulates these rays and finds their direction from Fermat's principle adapted to the hypothesis that these rays exist.

1968, Petr Beckmann, The Depolarization of Electromagnetic Waves, Golem Press, page 108:

1976, Donald E. Tilley, Walter Thumm, Physics for College Students, Cummings Publishing Company, page 558,
[…] students wishing to pursue this branch of physics further will find that refraction too can be explained in terms of Fermat's principle.

(physics, optics) The principle, which links geometrical optics (or "ray optics") with wave optics, that the path traversed by a ray between two given points is: (in the original "strong" formulation) the one that takes the least time, or (in a weaker but more general formulation) one that takes a time that is "stationary" with respect to variations of the path (so that, loosely speaking, a small change in the ray path entails a very small change in the traversal time).


FBD

FBD (countable and uncountable, plural FBDs)

free body diagram
free body diagram#English

(countable, physics) Initialism of free body diagram.


clear the neighborhood

en-verb

clear the neighborhood (third-person singular simple present clears the neighborhood, present participle clearing the neighborhood, simple past and past participle cleared the neighborhood)

clears the neighborhood (present singular third-person)
clearing the neighborhood (participle present)
cleared the neighborhood (participle past)
cleared the neighborhood (past)

Clearing the neighborhood is one of three necessary criteria for a celestial body to be considered a planet in the Solar System, according to the definition adopted in 2006 by the International Astronomical Union.

(astronomy, of a celestial body) To become gravitationally dominant, such that there are no other bodies of comparable size within its orbit, other than its natural satellites or those otherwise under its gravitational influence.


acceptorless

(physics, chemistry) Lacking acceptors; having no acceptor.


surface discharge

A partial discharge that appears at the boundary of different insulators when there are changes in the electric field.


partial discharge inception voltage

en-noun

partial discharge inception voltage (uncountable)

The lowest voltage where partial discharge starts to occur.


partial discharge extinction voltage

partial discharge extinction voltage (uncountable)

The highest voltage where partial discharge starts to cease to occur.


electrical field

True there is, in many cases, something to boast about, but the way in which many of our otherwise estimable contemporaries in the electrical field talk about themselves, their energy, progress, and enterprise, makes us smile, sadly smile, to see such excellent, well-conducted journals depart so far from the paths of modesty.

1889 March 15, The Telegraphic Journal and Electrical Review, volume 24, number 590, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 291, column 2:

Philip Dodd is among the best known men in the electrical field.

1913 September, “Personals.”, in Electrical Engineering, volume 45, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 418, column 2:

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see electrical, field.


charge storage

Electrical polarization in a dielectric material inside electric field which results in the increment of capacitance.


apparent charge

The electric charge used in partial discharge test that if injected between the terminals of the device under test would change the voltage across the terminals by an amount equivalent to the partial discharge event.


electrical polarity

Representative of electric potential at the ends of a circuit which consists of positive and negative polarities.


streamer discharge

A type of high voltage transient electrical discharge which forms at the surface of a conductive electrode in an insulating medium.


Pockels effect

Named after Friedrich Carl Alwin Pockels.

An effect that changes or produces birefringence in an optical medium induced by electric field.


rotating magnetic field

The resultant magnetic field produced by coils symmetrically placed and supplied with polyphase electric current which is often used in electromechanical applications.


Tan Delta test

A test to measure the degree of deterioration of an electrical insulation which is performed at two temperature by applying AC voltage to the test object and measure the total current flow through it, and separating and comparing the reactive and resistance portions of the current passing through it.


oscillating wave test system

oscillating wave test system (uncountable)

A test to identify, evaluate and locate partial discharge faults in cable insulation and accessories.


induced voltage

A voltage produced in an electric circuit from a nearby electric field.


water tree

An electrical treeing phenomenon inside insulation, caused by the presence of water inside buried or water-immersed high voltage cables.


OPD

overcurrent protective device
overcurrent protective device#English

(electricity) Initialism of overcurrent protective device.


bomb material

Material that is good for making nuclear bombs: e.g., certain isotopes of uranium, neptunium, and plutonium.


cobalt bomb

A nuclear bomb that includes cobalt, which will absorb neutrons and become radioactive cobalt-60.


plasticard

Your right, plasticard is just another word for those thin sheets of polystyrene model kits are made from.

1996 April 22, Ron Kruger, “Modeling: What is Plasticard?”, in rec.games.miniatures.warhammer (Usenet), retrieved 2022-02-21:

I was looking at the TerraGenesis pages on terrain building (which by the way are great) when a question occured^([sic]) to me. What the heck is plasticard exactly and where do you get it? I mean, is plasticard one of those British (no disrespect intended) terms which us Americans can't understand (ie. PVA glue = Elmer's white glue)or am I just missing something very basic?

1997 October 9, Paul and Kristin Shoemaker, “plasticard???”, in rec.games.miniatures.warhammer (Usenet), retrieved 2022-02-21:

Plasticard is simply polystyrene plastic . . same stuff that is used in all those model cars and planes.

1997 October 10, DBurgerOTR, “plasticard???”, in rec.games.miniatures.warhammer (Usenet), retrieved 2022-02-21:

Two questions
1. Where is a good place to get plasticard and
2. what is the approximate price

2003 December 18, Danimal, “[MODEL]Plasticard”, in rec.games.miniatures.warhammer (Usenet), retrieved 2022-02-21:

Thin polystyrene sheets used in arts and crafts.


teleclone

en-verb

teleclone (third-person singular simple present teleclones, present participle telecloning, simple past and past participle telecloned)

teleclones (present singular third-person)
telecloning (participle present)
telecloned (participle past)
telecloned (past)

(physics) To clone a quantum state and subsequently transmit it to a remote site.


gage pressure

(physics, meteorology, US) Alternative form of gauge pressure


kilolightyear

(astronomy, physics) A unit of a thousand light years.


light week

(astronomy, physics) A unit of length equal to the distance light travels in one week.


light millennium

en-noun

light millennium (plural light millenniums)

(astronomy, physics) A unit of length equal to the distance light travels in one millennium.


light eon

(astronomy, physics) A unit of length equal to the distance light travels in one eon.


megalight-year

(astronomy, physics) A unit of a million lightyears.


light century

(astronomy, physics) A unit of length equal to the distance light travels in one century.


light decade

(astronomy, physics) A unit of length equal to the distance light travels in one decade.


dead section

A new glass fibre insulating section will ultimately equip all neutral sections, simplifying maintenance work and greatly reducing the length of dead sections.

1962 March, “Talking of Trains: The future of B.R. a.c. traction”, in Modern Railways, page 148:

(rail transport, electrical engineering) Part of a neutral section.


pedestal coil

(mechanics, steam heating) in a radiator, a group of connected straight pipes arranged side by side and one above another


ebulliometric

(physics) Of or by means of ebulliometry.


hot particle

A tiny piece of radioactive material that can become lodged in living tissue.


fermium gap

(nuclear physics) The phenomenon that elements beyond fermium cannot be synthesized by neutron bombardment, due to the very short spontaneous fission half-life of fermium-258.


RCSA

residual chemical shift anisotropy
w:residual chemical shift anisotropy

(nuclear physics) Initialism of residual chemical shift anisotropy


dredge-up

(astrophysics) A temporary episode of deep convection in an evolved star, which brings fusion products to the surface of the star and allows them to be detected in the star's spectrum.


pogo oscillation

pogo oscillation (countable and uncountable, plural pogo oscillations)

Pogo stick + oscillation; the pogo stick comparison being used to represent the longitudinal direction of the oscillation.

(astronautics) A dangerous oscillation in the fuel or structure of a rocket along the long axis induced by a surge in thrust.


Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution

Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution (plural Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions)

Named after James Clerk Maxwell and Ludwig Boltzmann.

statistical mechanics
statistical mechanics

probability distribution
probability distribution

(physics, statistical mechanics) A particular probability distribution originally defined and used for describing particle speeds in idealized gases. Mathematically, it is the chi distribution with three degrees of freedom (the components of the velocity vector in Euclidean space), with a scale parameter measuring speeds in units proportional to the square root of the ratio of temperature and particle mass.


dynamo theory

(physics) A proposed mechanism, involving a rotating, convecting, and electrically conducting fluid, by which a celestial body generates and maintains a magnetic field over astronomical time scales.


Hohmann transfer

Hohmann transfer (plural Hohmann transfers)

Named after Walter Hohmann, the German engineer who described it.

(astronautics) An elliptical orbit used to transfer a spacecraft between two circular orbits of different altitudes in the same plane, with the periapsis of the orbit being tangent to the smaller circular orbit and its apoapsis being tangent to the larger circular orbit.


miniproteinase

(biochemistry) A relatively small proteinase


return current

The return current is fed from the transformer to the wheels through brushes on each axle of the motor coach.

1963 March, “The Clacton express electric multiple-units enter service”, in Modern Railways, page 174:

(electrical engineering) The electric current in a circuit which flows back to its source, or to earth.


sdown squark

(physics) A squark which is the hypothetical supersymmetric partner of a down quark.

A squark which is the hypothetical supersymmetric partner of a down quark.
Symbol: ̃d


sbottom squark

From s- + bottom + squark, from bottom quark.

(physics) A squark which is the hypothetical supersymmetric partner of a bottom quark.

A squark which is the hypothetical supersymmetric partner of a bottom quark.
Symbol: ̃b


scharm squark

From s- + charm + squark, from charm quark.

(physics) A squark which is the hypothetical supersymmetric partner of a charm quark.

A squark which is the hypothetical supersymmetric partner of a charm quark.
Symbol: ̃c


sstrange squark

sstrange squark (plural sstrange squarks)

From s- + strange + squark, from strange quark.

(physics) A squark which is the hypothetical supersymmetric partner of a strange quark.

A squark which is the hypothetical supersymmetric partner of a strange quark.
Symbol: ̃s


sup squark

(physics) A squark which is the hypothetical supersymmetric partner of an up quark.

A squark which is the hypothetical supersymmetric partner of an up quark.
Symbol: ̃u


stop squark

(physics) A squark which is the hypothetical supersymmetric partner of a top quark.

A squark which is the hypothetical supersymmetric partner of a top quark.
Symbol: ̃t


FPSE

Researchers in ORNL's Engineering Technology Division have developed the linear harmonic analysis (LHA) method, which provides insights into both the thermodynamics and dynamics of free-piston Stirling engines (FPSEs).

1990, Tech Notes, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, Center for the Utilization of Federal Technology, page 146:

free-piston Stirling engine
w:free-piston Stirling engine

(thermodynamics) Initialism of free-piston Stirling engine.


compact star

(astronomy) A type of celestial body that collectively refers to white dwarfs, neutron stars, black holes and exotic stars.


Archimedes' principle

(fluid dynamics) A law that states that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces.


wind energy

wind power

broadly synonymous despite precise differentiability of energy from power (energy per time unit)


cryochemistry

the study of chemical interactions at temperatures below -150°C


electrogravity

(physics, science fiction) A hypothetical unification of electromagnetism and gravity.


citrullinase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyses citrulline to produce ornithine


IMA

Coordinate term: AMA

ideal mechanical advantage
w:ideal mechanical advantage

(mechanics) Initialism of ideal mechanical advantage.


salikase

(biochemistry) An enzyme capable of hydrolyzing salicin to dextrose and saligenin.


atomerg

(physics, historical) An indivisible unit of energy, according to a theory of matter put forward by Earle K. Plyler in the 1930s.


sci.physicist

Blend of sci.physics + physicist. Equivalent to sci.physics + -ist.

I plead ignorance in the field of plasma physics, but I would imagine that the flow of a plasma, either positively or negatively charged, would also constitute a current. [Could a sci.physicist please set me straight ?].

1990 September 12, Greg Ebert, “A Simple Question?”, in sci.electronics (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-28:

Somewhere I read that proton-antiproton annihilations don't go straight to gamma rays, but first yield 5 short-lived pions which then go on to spontaneously decay into lower energy gamma rays. Could some subatomic sci.physicist out there enlighten me/us on this mystery?

1991 October 24, Roger M. Wilcox, “Lynch's Spoiler Review: "Silicon Avatar"”, in rec.arts.startrek (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-28:

I am not a proper sci.physicist, but just a dumb musician whose "day job" involves some physics.

2000 October 5, Francis Deck, “Bells vs gongs”, in sci.physics (Usenet), retrieved 2022-04-28:

(Internet slang) A participant in the Usenet newsgroup sci.physics.


squirrel-cage motor

squirrel-cage motor (plural squirrel-cage motors)

(mechanics) A kind of induction motor that harnesses electromagnetism in order to generate motion.


ammonialyase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that converts an amine into ammonia


ferroglass

ferroglass (countable and uncountable, plural ferroglasses)


phosphofructomutase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of isomers of fructose phosphates


lost neutral

(electrical engineering) A dangerous situation where the neutral wire in a split-phase power system becomes broken or disconnected, forcing all electrical current to flow directly between the two line wires and exposing loads connected between line and neutral to unstable and potentially-excessive voltages, posing a risk of equipment damage, electrical fire, or electric shock.


split-phase power

(electrical engineering) A type of electrical power distribution system using two line wires connected to the ends of a distribution transformer and a grounded neutral wire connected to the center tap of the transformer, allowing loads to be connected between line and neutral and receive the normal line voltage (120 or 240 volts), or between the two opposite-phase line wires and receive twice the normal line voltage (240 or 480 volts).


photokinase

(biochemistry) A kinase involved with photokinesis


metacentric height

metacentric height (plural metacentric heights)

The distance from a ship's center of gravity (G) to its metacenter is known as the metacentric height (GM). GM is a measure of the vessel's ability to right itself when experiencing an overturning moment. For the same vessel, a higher GM value indicates a greater initial static stability.

2017 December 12, National Transportation Safety Board, “1.12 Stability Information - 1.12.1 Concepts”, in Marine Accident Report: Sinking of US Cargo Vessel SS El Faro, Atlantic Ocean, Northeast of Acklins and Crooked Island, Bahamas, October 1, 2015, archived from the original on 2022-05-15, page 132:

(nautical, physics) The vertical distance between the metacentre and center of mass (conventionally taken to be positive when the metacentre is above the center of mass, and negative when the center of mass is above the metacentre) of a vessel (such as a ship or a boat) when the vessel is upright with zero bank angle; measures the vessel's tendency to resist being rolled from the upright orientation; must be positive in order for the vessel to have positive static stability.


righting arm

Figure 60 shows the downflooding angles for the downflooding points described above, plus the angle at which the edge of the freeboard deck would have been immersed (about 15°). The downflooding angles are superimposed on two righting arm curves. The upper curve is the righting arm for El Faro in the intact condition on the morning of the sinking, before flooding began and with no wind. The lower curve is the righting arm for the vessel with hold 3 flooded to 20 percent and a sustained 80-knot beam wind. The smaller area under the lower righting arm curve, compared with the area under the upper curve, illustrates the severely reduced energy the vessel had available to right itself after hold 3 flooded and the ship lost power, with hurricane winds on its beam (blowing at a 90° angle to its starboard side).

2017 December 12, National Transportation Safety Board, “1.12.10 Postaccident Analysis of Stability, Structures, and Sinking”, in Marine Accident Report: Sinking of US Cargo Vessel SS El Faro, Atlantic Ocean, Northeast of Acklins and Crooked Island, Bahamas, October 1, 2015, archived from the original on 2022-05-15, page 156:

(nautical, physics) The horizontal distance between the center of mass of a tilted vessel and the vertical line connecting its center of buoyancy and its metacentre (conventionally taken as positive if the aforementioned line lies on the low side of the center of mass, and negative if the line lies on the high side of the center of mass), measuring the strength of the vessel's tendency (or lack thereof) to return to an upright orientation.


phosphonatase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that hydrolyses phosphonates


sarcosinase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that hydrolyses sarcosine moieties from proteins


phosphoglycosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyses the transfer of a phosphoglycosyl group


Gibbs algorithm

Named after Josiah Willard Gibbs, who introduced it in 1902.

thermodynamic system
thermodynamic system

(statistical mechanics) A criterion for choosing a probability distribution for the statistical ensemble of microstates of a thermodynamic system by minimizing the average log probability ⟨ ln p_i⟩=∑ᵢp_i ln p_i,, subject to the probability distribution pᵢ satisfying a set of constraints (usually expectation values) corresponding to the known macroscopic quantities.


canonical ensemble

canonical ensemble (plural canonical ensembles)

(statistical mechanics) The statistical ensemble that represents the possible states of a mechanical system in thermal equilibrium with a heat bath at a fixed temperature.


ACR

automatic circuit recloser
automatic circuit recloser#English

(electricity) Initialism of automatic circuit recloser.


Varignon's theorem

Named after French mathematician Pierre Varignon.

(mechanics) A theorem stating that the torque of a resultant of two concurrent forces about any point is equal to the algebraic sum of the torques of its components about the same point.


southpole

Coordinate term: northpole

(dated, electromagnetism) Dated form of south pole.; One of the two poles of a magnet


sofar channel

(hydrology, physics, nautical) The depth in the oceans, usually around 750 m below the surface, where the speed of sound is the lowest, causing it to transmit sound waves generated within this channel for long distances with little attenuation by acting as a waveguide.


dark star

(astronomy, physics) An extremely bright and massive hypothetical astrophysical object whose illumination is powered by annihilation of dark-matter particles and anti-particles (or by self-annihilation if they are Majorana particles).

(obsolete, astronomy, physics) A black hole: star so massive that its escape velocity is above the speed of light, making the star dark, as no light can escape.


magnetic mirror

magnetic mirror (plural magnetic mirrors)

(physics) A magnetic confinement device used in fusion power to trap high-temperature plasma using magnetic fields.


MCF

magnetic confinement fusion
magnetic confinement fusion#English

(nuclear physics) Initialism of magnetic confinement fusion.


supercapacity

(physics) The capacity of a supercapacitor


BEC

Bose-Einstein condensate
Bose-Einstein condensate#English

(physics) Abbreviation of Bose-Einstein condensate.


triproton

A hypothetical particle consisting of three protons and no neutrons; equivalently, lithium-3.


interference maximum

interference maximum (plural interference maxima or interference maximums)

interference maxima (plural)
interference maximums (plural)

(physics) A spot in an interference pattern where the interfering waves are maximally constructive.


flashover voltage

flashover voltage (plural flashover voltages)

(electricity) The voltage at which an electric discharge occurs between two electrodes that are separated by an insulator.


Hughes-Drever experiment

Hughes-Drever experiment (plural Hughes-Drever experiments)

Named after Vernon W. Hughes and Ronald Drever, who independently conducted experiments of this kind in the early 1960s.

(physics) Any of various spectroscopic tests of the isotropy of mass and space, originally to test Mach's principle and now understood to be important tests of Lorentz invariance.


Little-Parks effect

Little-Parks effect (plural Little-Parks effects)

Discovered in 1962 by William A. Little and Roland D. Parks.

(physics) A phenomenon whereby passing a fluctuating magnetic field through a superconductor can slightly suppress its superconductivity.


Hagen-Poiseuille equation

the Hagen-Poiseuille equation (canonical)

It was experimentally derived independently by Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille in 1838 and Gotthilf Heinrich Ludwig Hagen, and published by Poiseuille in 1840–41 and 1846.

(fluid dynamics) A physical law that gives the pressure drop in an incompressible Newtonian fluid in laminar flow flowing through a long cylindrical pipe of constant cross section.


polymeric sand

(construction) A mixture of fine-grained sand and binding additives, used to fill the space between pavers.


half-silvered mirror

half-silvered mirror (plural half-silvered mirrors)

(optics) A mirror that consists of an incomplete reflective coating, so that half of the incident light is reflected and the other half is transmitted.


acetylenediolate

acetylenediolate (countable and uncountable, plural acetylenediolates)

(organic chemistry) The C₂O₂²⁻ anion produced by deprotonation of acetylenediol; the coordinate base of acetylenediol.


load factor

(electrical engineering) The mean load over a given time period divided by the peak load occurring during the same time period, providing a measure of how efficiently an electric system's capacity is being used.


hot fusion

nuclear fusion using the conventional method of very high temperatures; in contrast to cold fusion.


branching ratio

branching ratio (plural branching ratios)

In radioactivity, the portion of all decays that take a given pathway. For example, californium-252 decays by alpha decay ~97% of the time, and by spontaneous fission ~3% of the time; so the branching ratio is about 0.97 in favor of alpha decay, and about 0.03 in favor spontaneous fission.


wetted area

wetted area (usually uncountable, plural wetted areas)

(hydrodynamics) The total surface area of a vehicle which interacts with the fluid through which the vehicle travels.

(aviation) The total surface area of an aircraft.

(nautical) The total portion of the surface area of the hull which is immersed in water.

(motor racing) The total surface area of the upper bodywork, wings, and radiator.


biotransferase

(biochemistry) Any naturally-occurring transferase


sand battery

(thermodynamics, industrial planning) A thermal storage battery which uses sand as the storage medium.


PEMT

PEMT (countable and uncountable, plural PEMTs)

(biochemistry) Initialism of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase.


Doppler broadening

/ˈdɔp.lɚ ˈbɹɔd.ənˌɪŋ/

From being produced by the action of the Doppler effect on individual atoms and molecules.

(physics) The broadening of the spectral lines of a high-temperature or rapidly-rotating object due to redshifting of spectral lines from atoms and molecules moving away from the observer and blueshifting of spectral lines from atoms and molecules moving toward the observer.


insertion time

insertion time (countable and uncountable, plural insertion times)

(nuclear physics) The length of time which is required to rearrange a subcritical mass of fissile material into a prompt critical mass.


bosonlike

en-adj

bosonlike (comparative more bosonlike, superlative most bosonlike)

more bosonlike (comparative)
most bosonlike (superlative)

(physics) Resembling or characteristic of bosons.


gaugelike

gaugelike (comparative more gaugelike, superlative most gaugelike)

more gaugelike (comparative)
most gaugelike (superlative)

(physics) Resembling or characteristic of gauge bosons.


antielectromagnetic

antielectromagnetic (comparative more antielectromagnetic, superlative most antielectromagnetic)

more antielectromagnetic (comparative)
most antielectromagnetic (superlative)

electromagnetic field
electromagnetic field

(physics) Unable to be electromagnetized; unaffected by an electromagnetic field.


four-way switch

en-noun

four-way switch (plural four-way switches)

Named after its four electrical connections.


intermediate switch

intermediate switch (plural intermediate switches)

(British, electricity) A light switch with two pairs of two terminals, which can be switched between straight-through or swapped wiring. Typically used as part of a circuit to control a light or other device from three or more locations. (US): four-way switch.


two-way switch

two-way switch (plural two-way switches)

Named after its two electrical connections.

(US, rare, electricity) A plain type of light switch that can control lights, or other electrical loads, from a single location; a single-throw switch.


two-way switch

Named after its use in pairs to control a load from two locations.

(British, electricity) Commonwealth spelling of (US): three-way switch.


overcurrent protective device

overcurrent protective device (plural overcurrent protective devices)

A ring final circuit starts and finishes at the distribution board, where it is connected to a 30A or 32A overcurrent protective device.

2008, Darrell Locke, Guide to the Wiring Regulations: 17th Edition IEE Wiring Regulations (BS 7671:2008), archived from the original on 2022-07-18, page 88:

(electricity) A device, usually a fuse, polyfuse, or circuit breaker, intended to detect and stop an overcurrent condition.


restoring force

restoring force (plural restoring forces)

(physics) A force that tends to bring a body or system towards its equilibrium state.


glucosamidase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that hydrolyses glucosamide


antistretching

Coordinate term: antipairing

The second sample I would like to mention concerns the variation of intrinsic states while rotating a nucleus faster and faster, that is, the so-called antistretching and antipairing effects.

1973, Jan de Boer, H. J. Mang, Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Physics, Munich, August 27-September 1, 1973: Invited papers, page 113:

It is shown that there is a clear decrease of the pairing correlations (antipairing) and a decrease of the quadrupole deformation (antistretching) with increasing angular momentum.

1974, Nuclear Science Abstracts, page 3114:

(physics) Characterized by a decrease of the quadrupole deformation.


antipairing

Coordinate term: antistretching

(physics) Characterized by a decrease in pairing correlations.


argention

Suppose that we add such a quantity of silver nitrate as to double the amount of argention after equilibrium has been attained.

1910, James Walker, Introduction to Physical Chemistry, page 330:

(inorganic chemistry, archaic) ionized silver


breezer

From breeze + -er, the drink originated as a brand name: Bacardi Breezer.

In this paper we consider the dynamics of solitons and breezers in a NLC subjected to a variable magnetic field.

1986, Soviet Physics, Doklady - Volume 31, Issues 1-6, page 502:

There are the possibilities for multipulse generation ( Fig 6 ), generation of the breezer- like pulse and its subsequent disintegration ( Fig 7 ), and the collapse of the pulse into several pulses ( Fig . 8 ).

2001, Vladimir I. Ustyugov, Solid State Lasers, page 115:

(physics) A bound state of solitons and antisolitons.


heliosynchronous orbit

heliosynchronous orbit (plural heliosynchronous orbits)

sun-synchronous orbit
sun-synchronous orbit

(astrodynamics) A sun-synchronous orbit.


sun-synchronous orbit

sun-synchronous orbit (plural sun-synchronous orbits)

(astrodynamics) A nearly polar orbit in which a satellite passes over the surface of a planet maintaining the same local mean solar time.


ionoluminescence

(physics) Light emission caused by ion irradiation.


water absorption

The amount of water absorbed by a material, calculated as the ration of the weight of water absorbed to the weight of the material in dry condition.


Fermi problem

Named after Enrico Fermi, known for his ability to deal with such problems.

dimensional analysis
dimensional analysis

(physics, engineering) Any estimation problem designed to teach dimensional analysis or the approximation of extreme scientific calculations: often a back-of-the-envelope problem with limited data.


parasitic drag

(physics) A type of aerodynamic drag that acts on any object when the object is moving through a fluid.


apochromat

(optics) A kind of lens corrected for chromatic and spherical aberration.


nuclear pile

nuclear stockpile

semantically quite different from a nuclear pile


EaaS

EaaS (countable and uncountable, plural EaaS's or EaaSes)

(electricity, fuel) Initialism of energy-as-a-service.


mergeburst

This suggests that it was a mergeburst of a K-type main sequence star and a lower mass companion. The distance estimate is uncertain and the peak luminosity is ≈ −6mag. It is plausible that other Galactic events also have similar[…]

2012 01, Mansi M. Kasliwal, Bridging the Gap: Elusive Explosions in the Local Universe, Universal-Publishers, →ISBN, page 129:

One idea, put forward by Tylenda and Noam Soker of the Israeli Institute of Technology, is that the explosion was a 'mergeburst', formed by the collision and merger of two stars. Computer simulations of such an event neatly describe[…]

2012 September 20, Giles Sparrow, The Universe: In 100 Key Discoveries, Quercus Publishing, →ISBN:

At the time it was suggested that this was yet another example of a mergeburst – an object undergoing an outburst following a collision or merger event. However, spectra taken subsequently show a very hot, UV bright object[…]

2013 September 5, David S. Stevenson, Extreme Explosions: Supernovae, Hypernovae, Magnetars, and Other Unusual Cosmic Blasts, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 338:

One hypothesis is that this was a mergeburst: the scream of two stars colliding. But it could also have been a rarely seen thermonuclear flare-up near the end of a giant star's life – or maybe a star swallowing giant planets.

2018 August 7, New Scientist, A Journey Through The Universe:: A traveler's guide from the center of the sun to the edge of the unknown, Nicholas Brealey, →ISBN:

(physics, astronomy) An outburst of energy following a merger of two stars.


CAPP

(biochemistry) Acronym of ceramide-activated protein phosphatase.


Fermi estimate

(physics, engineering) An estimate of the kind that answers a Fermi problem.


L-xylulokinase

L-xylulokinase (countable and uncountable, plural L-xylulokinases)

adenosine triphosphate
adenosine triphosphate

adenosine diphosphate
adenosine diphosphate

L-xylulose 5-phosphate
L-xylulose 5-phosphate

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and L-xylulose, producing ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and L-xylulose 5-phosphate. It's a phosphotransferase used in metabolism.


rolling blackout

rolling blackout (plural rolling blackouts)

Authorities in California warned that the high demand could lead later this afternoon to an emergency order for rolling blackouts, a dreaded term here that brings reminders of widespread blackouts in 2003 during an energy supply crisis.

2006 July 23, Randal C. Archibold, “California Warns of Rolling Blackouts”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(electricity) An intentional disruption of electric service to different areas in a region to conserve power.


volcanic lightning

(volcanology, meteorology) Electrical discharge that occurs during a volcanic eruption, caused by a build-up of static electricity in colliding ejecta (such as ash and debris).


body contact

(electricity) A conductive connection between body and active parts of electrical equipment resulting from a fault.


SANE

Coordinate term: MAD

(astrophysics) Ellipsis of SANE disc. A type of black hole accretion disc.


SANE

(astrophysics) Acronym of standard and normal evolution.


Geiger-Nuttall law

Formulated in 1911 by Hans Geiger and John Mitchell Nuttall.

(physics) A rule relating the decay constant of a radioactive isotope with the energy of the alpha particles emitted. Roughly speaking, it states that short-lived isotopes emit more energetic alpha particles than long-lived ones.


Sommerfeld factor

Sommerfeld factor (plural Sommerfeld factors)

Named after German physicist Arnold Sommerfeld.


S-factor

(physics) A rescaling of a nuclear reaction's total cross section to account for the Coulomb repulsion between the charged reactants. It determines the rates of nuclear fusion reactions that occur in the cores of stars.


Gamow factor

Named after its discoverer, the physicist George Gamow.

(physics) A probability factor for the chance of two nuclear particles overcoming the Coulomb barrier in order to undergo nuclear reactions.


Sommerfeld parameter

Sommerfeld parameter (plural Sommerfeld parameters)

dimensionless quantity
dimensionless quantity

(physics) A dimensionless quantity, denoted by η, used in nuclear astrophysics in the calculation of reaction rates between two nuclei and in the definition of the astrophysical S-factor.


pseudofinal

From pseudo- + final, introduced in a paper by Abetti (1960).

Initial and pseudofinal voltage distributions

2007, Leonard L. Grigsby, Power Systems, pages 11–5:

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) Denoting a kind of steady-state voltage distribution.


Hayashi limit

Named after Japanese astrophysicist Chushiro Hayashi (25 Jul 1920–28 Feb 2010).

When a star is fully within hydrostatic equilibrium—a condition where the inward force of gravity is matched by the outward pressure of the gas—the star can not exceed the radius defined by the Hayashi limit.

However, the approximate locations of the Hayashi limits point to remarkably low masses for the three T Tauri stars investigated here. It should be noted, that the Hayashi limits are valid only for stars in hydrostatic equilibrium.

1977, Rudolf Kippenhahn, Walter Strohmeyer, The Interaction of Variable Stars with Their Environment, Remeis-Sternwarte, page 69:

Since the Hayashi limit approaches close to the main sequence at about 1 M⊙, the 'Hertzsprung gap' between the terminal main sequence and the Hayashi limit is much less marked than at high masses.

2006, Peter Eggleton, Evolutionary Processes in Binary and Multiple Stars, Cambridge University Press, page 75:

The latest-type RSGs^([Red Supergiants]) in the Magellanic Clouds are cooler than the current evolutionary tracks allow, occupying the region to the right of the Hayashi limit where stars are no longer in hydrostatic equilibrium.

2009, Donald Gerard Luttermoser, Beverly Joy Smith, Robert E. Stencel, editors, The Biggest, Baddest, Coolest Stars: Proceedings of a Workshop, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, page 33:

(astrophysics) A theoretical maximum radius of a star of given mass; the radius at which the inward force of gravity exactly balances the outward pressure of the gas of the star.

limite de Hayashi

theoretical upper limit of the radius of a hydrostatically stable star


oblique correction

oblique correction (plural oblique corrections)

(particle physics) A particular type of radiative correction to the electroweak sector of the Standard Model.


power consumption

power consumption (countable and uncountable, plural power consumptions)

(electricity) The amount of power used multiplied by the amount of time, measured either in kilowatt-hours, horsepower-hours, etc.


horsepower-hour

(electricity) A unit of energy equal to the amount of work a horse is capable of delivering during an hour.


terawatt-year

(electricity) A unit of electrical energy equal to that done by one terawatt acting for one year.


mechanical horsepower

mechanical horsepower (countable and uncountable, plural mechanical horsepowers or mechanical horsepower)

mechanical horsepowers (plural)
mechanical horsepower (plural)

(electricity) A nonmetric unit of power approximately equivalent to 745.7 watts.


thermal horsepower

thermal horsepower (countable and uncountable, plural thermal horsepowers or thermal horsepower)

thermal horsepowers (plural)
thermal horsepower (plural)

(electricity) The horsepower of an electric motor, determined by the readings from a thermal-type ammeter.

(electricity) The amount of power a gearbox can convey without overheating when operating continuously for three hours or more; the amount of work that a drive can perform when operating at sea level.


electroethereal

(physics, historical) Of or relating to electricity and the ether.


acentric factor

acentric factor (plural acentric factors)

(thermodynamics) A conceptual number, denoted by ω, useful in the description of fluids, derived from the reduced saturation vapor pressure and the reduced temperature.


submarine paradox

Supplee's paradox
Supplee's paradox#English


Supplee's paradox

First formulated by James M. Supplee (1989).

(physics) A physical paradox that arises when considering the buoyant force exerted on a relativistic bullet (or in a submarine) immersed in a fluid subject to an ambient gravitational field. If a bullet has neutral buoyancy at rest in a perfect fluid and is then launched at relativistic speed, observers at rest within the fluid would conclude that the bullet should sink, since its density will increase due to the length contraction effect. On the other hand, in the bullet's proper frame it is the moving fluid that becomes denser and hence the bullet would float.


SVSP

Other toxins — namely snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs)^(34,36,40,41,42), snake venom serine proteases (SVSPs)^(34,36,43) and l-amino acid oxidases (LAAOs)^(34,44,45,46,47) — represent an average of 6% of elapid venom.

2022 June 10, Oliveira, A.L., Viegas, M.F., da Silva, S.L. et al., “The chemistry of snake venom and its medicinal potential”, in Nature Reviews Chemistry, volume 6, →DOI, page 453:

(biochemistry) Initialism of snake venom serine protease.


LAAO

L-amino-acid oxidase
w:L-amino-acid oxidase

(biochemistry) Initialism of L-amino-acid oxidase.


Elapid venoms mainly comprise peptides and proteins from seven families; secreted phospholipases A2 (PLA2s)^(32,33,34,35,36) and three-finger toxins (3FTxs)^(36,37,38,39) are often major constituents and have a dominant role in the action of the venom, […]

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of phospholipase A2.


SVMP

(biochemistry) Initialism of snake venom metalloproteinase.


density matrix

density matrix (plural density matrices)

(quantum mechanics) A matrix that describes the quantum state of a physical system.


many-body problem

(quantum mechanics) The general name for a vast category of physical problems pertaining to the properties of microscopic systems made of many interacting particles.


quantum immortality

(metaphysics) The subjective experience of surviving quantum suicide, as a result of the observer surviving such a deadly experiment.


flyby anomaly

(physics) The discrepancy between current scientific models and the actual increase in speed observed during a planetary flyby by a spacecraft.


atomic mass number

atomic mass number (plural atomic mass numbers)

(physics, physical chemistry, dated) Pedantic form of mass number. Symbol: A.


pancake lens

A particularly fitting choice is the small and flexible XF27mmF2.8 pancake lens. With it, the camera fits in the pocket of almost every coat or jacket.

2015, Rico Pfirstinger, The Fujifilm X-T10 […] , Rocky Nook, →ISBN:

(photography, optics, informal) A type of flat lens design.


AChE

Coordinate term: BuChE

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of acetylcholinesterase.


BuChE

Coordinate term: AChE

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of butyrylcholinesterase.


EROI

(economics, electricity) Initialism of energy return on investment.


secular equilibrium

secular equilibrium (plural secular equilibria or secular equilibriums)

secular equilibria (plural)
secular equilibriums (plural)

In decay schemes of this type, the following three conditions may predominate: (1) secular equilibrium, (2) transient equilibrium, and (3) the state of no equilibrium.

1998, Michael F. L'Annunziata, Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis, Academic Press, page 61:

The ^{₆₈}Ge/^{₆₈}Ga and the ^{₈₂}Sr/^{₈₂}Rb generators represent secular equilibria.

2016, Tobias L. Ross, Frank Roesch, “Life sciences: Nuclear medicine diagnosis”, in Frank Rösch, editor, Nuclear- and Radiochemistry, Volume 2: Modern Applications, Walter de Gruyter, page 443:

At the same time, because of differences in the chemistry of the daughter and parent elements involved in such secular equilibria, this parent:daughter ratio may not be equal to 1.

2020, David J. Burdige, Geochemistry of Marine Sediments, Princeton University Press, page 43:

(nuclear physics) The situation of the quantity of a radioisotope remaining constant because it is produced (by decay of a parent isotope) at the same rate that it decays.


SRMHD

(astrophysics) Abbreviation of special-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic.


GRMHD

(astrophysics) Abbreviation of general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic.


GRRMHD

general relativistic
general relativistic#English

(astrophysics) Abbreviation of general relativistic radiative magnetohydrodynamic.


RMHD

(astrophysics) Abbreviation of relativistic magnetohydrodynamic.

(astrophysics) Abbreviation of radiative magnetohydrodynamic.

(physics) Abbreviation of resistive magnetohydrodynamic.

(physics) Abbreviation of reduced magnetohydrodynamic.

(physics, engineering) Abbreviation of radioisotopic magnetohydrodynamic.

(physics, engineering) Abbreviation of rotary magnetohydrodynamic.


Ehrenfest paradox

(physics) A relativistic paradox concerning the concept of Born rigidity within special relativity, where an ideally rigid cylinder that is made to rotate about its axis of symmetry. The radius R as seen in the laboratory frame is always perpendicular to its motion and should therefore be equal to its value R₀ when stationary. However, the circumference should appear Lorentz-contracted to a smaller value than at rest. This leads to the contradiction that R = R₀ and R < R₀.


Ehrenfest theorem

(physics) A theorem that relates the time derivative of the expectation values of the position and momentum operators x and p to the expectation value of the force F=-V'(x) on a massive particle moving in a scalar potential V(x).


Ehrenfest model

Ehrenfest model (plural Ehrenfest models)

Named after Paul Ehrenfest and Tatiana Ehrenfest-Afanaseva.

(thermodynamics) A model of diffusion used to explain the second law of thermodynamics, considering a number of particles in two containers, which independently change container at a certain rate.

Paul Ehrenfest
Tatiana Ehrenfest-Afanaseva


thoruranium

modelled on actino-uranium (the uranium parent of actinium), as it was the hypothetical uranium parent of thorium


mass driver

(astronautics) A proposed kind of electromagnetic catapult that could be used for space launches without the need for a rocket.


colligative property

colligative property (plural colligative properties)

(physical chemistry) A property of a solution that is influenced by the relative amount of solute particles, rather than the properties of the solute itself.

Boiling-point elevation
Freezing-point depression
Osmotic pressure
Raoult's law
colligative property


flying car

(science fiction, futurology) A vehicle which can function both as a road vehicle and as an aircraft.


OSL

(physics, geophysics, geology, paleontology, anthropology, archaeology) Initialism of optically stimulated luminescence.


free body diagram

free body diagram (plural free body diagrams)

(physics) A diagram showing a single body or system of bodies with arrows indicating all forces acting on the system.


free body

(physics) A body singled out in order to analyze the forces acting on it, such as in a free body diagram.


criticality accident

criticality accident (plural criticality accidents)

(nuclear physics) An accidental uncontrolled self-sustaining nuclear fission chain reaction.


force pair

(physics, mechanics) Two forces acting at the same point with equal magnitude but opposite direction, resulting from Newton's third law ("every action has an equal and opposite reaction").


Einstein–de Haas effect

Named after physicists Albert Einstein and Wander Johannes de Haas, who jointly published the first observation of the effect in 1915. It had been predicted by Owen Willans Richardson in 1908.

This relation between the magnetic moment and the angular momentum is demonstrated by the Einstein–de Haas effect, discovered in 1915, in which a ferromagnetic rod is suspended vertically, along its axis, by a thin fibre (see Fig 1.2).

2001, Stephen Blundell, Magnetism in Condensed Matter, Oxford University Press, page 2:

Because of this transfer, an initially spin-polarized dipolar condensate can dynamically generate vortices in a process resembling the Einstein–de Haas effect [358, 359].

2013, Makoto Tsubota, Kenichi Kasamatsu, Michikazu Kobayashi, “Quantized vortices in superfluid helium and atomic Bose-Einstein condensates”, in Karl-Heinz Bennemann, John B. Ketterson, editors, Novel Superfluids: Volume 1, Oxford University Press, page 229:

In this chapter, we explore the possibility of using the spin degree of freedom of electrons, which has been disregarded for "conventional" molecular motors, and of resorting to the principle of the Einstein–de Haas effect, a century-old but still intriguing magnetic phenomenon [11, 12].

2015, Takashi Ushihashi, Teruo Ono, “The Einstein-de Haas effect and Its Application to Spin-Driven Molecular Motors”, in Christian Joachim, Gwénaël Rapenne, editors, Single Molecular Machines and Motors: 1st International Symposium, Proceedings, Springer,, page 96:

(physics) A physical phenomenon in which a change in the magnetic moment of a free body causes the body to rotate, as a consequence of the conservation of angular momentum.

Albert Einstein
Einstein–de Haas effect
Owen Willans Richardson
Wander Johannes de Haas


flux capacitor

First seen in The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension in 1984 and in the 1985 American science fiction film Back to the Future, directed by Robert Zemeckis, in which a DMC DeLorean vehicle is retrofitted with a flux capacitor to create a time travel device.

Tucked into the corner of the Rinky Dink Flea Market in Marietta is a time machine that transports its visitors to an era before digital music. It doesn’t need a flux capacitor to work, just a plug to power the vintage stereos and turntables that produce the sounds of the thousands of vinyl records sold there.

2019 January 12, Chad Plauche-Adkins, “Playing the classics: Flea market music collection includes thousands of records”, in The Marietta Times:

Is this a glitch? Is the system experiencing an outage? It is a temptation that is best resisted, the urge to talk about this Chelsea team as a piece of fine-point engineering, to style Thomas Tuchel as a pure systems man, poring over his data charts, banging his dials, reconfiguring the flux capacitor with a bent hairpin.

2021 December 4, Barney Ronay, “Thomas Tuchel must gear up for a new phase to reboot glitching Chelsea”, in The Guardian:

(science fiction) A fictional instrument required to operate a time machine, consisting of a rectangular-shaped compartment with three flashing Geissler-style tubes arranged in a "Y" configuration.


Avogadro's law

Proposed by Italian chemist Amedeo Avogadro.

(physical chemistry, historical) A gas law stating that when held at constant pressure and temperature, the volume of a gas is proportional to the amount of molecules in it (now subsumed by the ideal gas law).


Amagat's law

Proposed by French physicist Émile Amagat.

(physical chemistry) A gas law stating that the volume of a gas equals the sum of the volumes of all of the component gases, if they were separated but kept at the same temperature and pressure.


arc blast

arc blast (countable and uncountable, plural arc blasts)

(electrical engineering) An explosion produced by the extreme heat of an uncontrolled high-energy electric arc.


arc fault

(electrical engineering) An undesired and uncontrolled electric arc from one conductor through the air (or other gas) to a conductor at ground potential or a different voltage phase.


arc-fault circuit interrupter

arc-fault circuit interrupter (plural arc-fault circuit interrupters)

(electrical engineering) A type of circuit breaker that detects signs of potentially-dangerous arcing on downstream wiring and shuts off power to the affected branch circuit to reduce the risk of a fire.


arc flash

arc flash (countable and uncountable, plural arc flashes)

(electrical engineering) The extremely intense light and heat produced by a high-energy electric arc.


black hole star

black hole star (plural black hole stars)

From black hole + star. From being a radiant spherical celestial object containing a black hole.

(astronomy, cosmology) A theoretical early universe object, with the outer layers of a star and a black hole for a stellar core. Theorized to be born of an ultramassive pre-stellar nebula collapse to an ultramassive protostar, and later birthing an intermediate mass black hole when the star's life ends.


Population III

Proposed as a category of stars of even poorer metallicity than Population II.

In other words, we have not yet discovered a true Population III star; revealing these elusive, early stars is one of the main science goals of the soon-to-be-launched James Webb Space Telescope.

2019 October 26, Ethan Siegel, “Ask Ethan: How Many Generations Of Stars Formed Before Our Sun?”, in Forbes, archived from the original on 2020-11-12:

Thus, the earliest stars – known as Population III – were likely composed of just hydrogen and helium.

2022 November 9, Brandon Vigliarolo, “This ancient quasar may be the remains of the first-gen star that started us all”, in The Register, archived from the original on 2022-12-13:

Emerging from the primordial hydrogen and helium gas that pervaded the early universe, Population III stars would lack heavier elements, allowing them to reach humongous sizes—hundreds of times bulkier than our sun.

2022 December 6, Jonathan O'Callaghan, “Astronomers Grapple with JWST’s Discovery of Early Galaxies”, in Scientific American, archived from the original on 2022-12-09:

(astrophysics, usually attributively) A hypothetical population or group of stars which may have existed in the early history of the Universe, characterized by being extremely massive and hot and having an extremely low metallicity.


superheavy element

superheavy element (plural superheavy elements)

A chemical element with an extremely high atomic number; typically taken to mean beyond lawrencium (element 103, the last actinide)


Population II

Proposed by astronomer Walter Baade in 1944.

While the thick disk is largely composed of Population II stars, they found it contains two stellar populations.

2019 December 11, Brian Koberlein, “The Stars In Our Galaxy Are More Varied Than We Thought”, in Forbes, archived from the original on 2022-09-15:

Those heavy elements were created by fusion within Population II stars that exploded as supernovas and seeded them into interstellar clouds.

2021 May 21, Tom Metcalfe, “An ancient star casts new light on the birth of the universe”, in NBC News, archived from the original on 2022-07-06:

The brightness of these galaxies could be attributed to such stars, which would be much hotter and brighter than subsequent Population II stars and Population I stars, such as our sun, both of which fill our modern-day universe.

(astrophysics, usually attributively) A population or group of stars formed early in the history of the Universe, characterized by having a low metallicity.


Population I

We generally place stars into one of three populations based on their metallicity. Population I stars like the Sun are metal heavy. They are younger stars and tend to be found in the spiral arms of the Milky Way.

Most stars, such as the sun, are third-generation "Population I" stars that contain relatively heavy elements such as iron, nickel, carbon and oxygen.

(astrophysics, usually attributively) A population or group of stars formed relatively late in the history of the Universe, characterized by having a high metallicity.


shadow blister effect

shadow blister effect (plural shadow blister effects)

(optics) A visual phenomenon in which a shadow bulges as it approaches another.


vortex theory

Roger Cotes, in a preface to the first English edition of the Principia in 1729, argued that vortex-theory, with its notion of the plenum and its ambition to explain natural effects on exclusively physical grounds, made no allowance for, and could not be fitted into, a teleological scheme of any kind.

1953, Aram Vartanian, Diderot and Descartes: A Study of Scientific Naturalism in the Enlightenment, pages 83–84:

Still, it cannot be denied that the fortunes of vortex theory eclipsed radically with the publication of Newton’s Principia.

2000, Stephen Gaukroger, “The foundational role of hydrostatics and statics in Descartes’ natural philosophy”, in Stephen Gaukroger, John Schuster, John Sutton, editors, Descartes’ Natural Philosophy, →ISBN, page 71:

Christiaan Huygens came to doubt the vortex theory “which formerly appeared very likely” to him.

2021, Stathis Psillos, “From the Evidence of History to the History of Evidence: Descartes, Newton, and Beyond”, in Timothy D. Lyons, Peter Vickers, editors, Contemporary Scientific Realism: The Challenge from the History of Science, →ISBN, page 79:

(physics, historical) An obsolete scientific theory, chiefly developed by René Descartes, which attempted to explain celestial mechanics and the phenomena now described as gravitation by positing a system of fluid vortices governed by centrifugal forces and extending outwards from the sun.


subelementary

Genesis is a procedure by which the molecular structure of matter is broken down, not into subatomic parts as in nuclear fission, or even into elementary particles, but into subelementary particle-waves.

2004, Vonda N. McIntyre, Star Trek: Signature Edition: Duty, Honor, Redemption, page 62:

(physics) At a more fundamental level than the elementary particles.


frozar

From froze + -ar. From being a star frozen in time.

(astrophysics) Synonym of frozen star (“black hole alternative”) An astrophysical star stilled to a stop by gravitational relativistic time dilation effects, during its final collapse at the end of its fusion lifetime


frozen star

frozen+star
* (stellar black hole, black hole alternative): From relativity predicting the passage of time slowing to a stop as the star collapses through its event horizon, "freezing" time and the star.
* (Population 0 star): From the existence of frozen volatiles, such as water ice, existing in the atmosphere and on the surface of such a star

sense

(astrophysics) Synonym of stellar black hole

(physics) Synonym of frozar A proposed theoretical alternative to black holes.

(astronomy) A proposed theoretical type of Population 0 star, which could exist in the far future, with a very high metallicity allowing for stars with very low mass, resulting in a nuclear fusion cored star with a surface temperature close to the triple-point of water.


frozon

From froze + -on. From being a particle that is so heavy, having Planck energy / Planck mass, that its self-gravitation results in a relativistic gravitational field so extreme that gravitational time dilation slows time to a stop, freezing time.

(physics) A proposed type of theoretical particle, a Planck-scale particle with Planck energy, whose field fluctuations are frozen in time due to self-gravitational time dilation.


eigenket

(physics) A ket |K⟩ such that α|K⟩ = a|K⟩ for some linear operator α and number a.


formfactor

This electromagnetic structure caused by the cloud of virtual states in the transition region is characterized by a specific formfactor, which is called the transition formfactor.

1992, Soviet Physics, Uspekhi - Volume 35, page 11:

Dilepton spectroscopy could also give interesting information on the electromagnetic formfactor for baryons where the situation is more complicated since for these the time-like sector is not accessible below an invariant mass of 2mp;

1994, Ricardo Americo Broglia, International School of Heavy Ion Physics, page 391:

Using the known values of the nucleon formfactors the pion formfactor can in principle be determined as the only free parameter in a fit to the cross section of electro-π⁺-production.

2006, G. Höhler, Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, page 131:

All diagrams in a given-order formfactor are similar. They all are integrals over the momentum circulating in the loop, and the integrands are identical.

2007, Maurizio Gasperini, Jnan Maharana, String Theory and Fundamental Interactions, page 747:

The general trend one has found in varying the off-shell behaviour of the two-nucleon interaction while keeping the on-shell properties the same is that though one can in principle increase the binding energy, the dip in the formfactor moves at the same time to larger momentum transfer and as a result the discrepancy in the secondary maximum increases.

2013, J.A. Tjon, “The Three and Four Nucleon Systems (Theory)”, in F. S. Levin, editor, The Few Body Problem, page 49c:

We calculate the threshold singularities in one-dimensional models using the universal low-energy formfactors obtained in the framework of the non-linear Luttinger liquid model.

2015, A.A.Ovchinnikov, “Threshold singularities in the correlators of the one-dimensional models”, in arXiv:

(physics) Any of various calculations representing the shape or distribution of a physical property within a microsystem such as an elementary particle or atomic nucleus.


Hodge dual

(physics) The dual that results from exchanging the electric field and the magnetic field in Maxwell's equations, which describe electromagnetic motion in four-dimensional spacetime.


quasiuniversality

The quasiuniversality is a property of the conservative dynamics; nontrivial relations emerge as the binary interaction becomes tidally dominated.

2014, Sebastiano Bernuzzi, Alessandro Nagar, Simone Balmelli, Tim Dietrich, Maximiliano Ujevic, “Quasiuniversal properties of neutron star mergers”, in Physical Review Letters, volume 112, number 20, →DOI:

(chiefly physics) The state of being quasiuniversal; the property of existing or holding true in virtually all conditions.


quasiuniversal

From quasi- (“almost, virtually”) + universal.

prefix

This long-lived transient regime implies that thermal equilibrium may be out of reach of the time scales accessible in present cold atom experiments but shows that an interesting new quasiuniversal transient state exists in nonequilibrium governed by a thermalized kinetic energy but not a thermalized potential energy.

2012, K Mikelsons, J K Freericks, H R Krishnamurthy, “Quasiuniversal transient behavior of a nonequilibrium Mott insulator driven by an electric field”, in Physical Review Letters, volume 109, number 26, →DOI:

(chiefly physics) Being nearly or almost universal; existing in the vast majoritiy of typical conditions.


biferrocenium

(organic chemistry, in combination) A cation derived from biferrocene.


petroplastic

A plastic produced from petroleum, as opposed to bioplastic.


Slater determinant

en-noun

Slater determinant (plural Slater determinants)

Named after John C. Slater, who introduced the determinant in 1929 as a means of ensuring the antisymmetry of a many-electron wavefunction, although the wavefunction in the determinant form first appeared independently in Heisenberg's and Dirac's articles three years earlier.

Pauli exclusion principle
Pauli exclusion principle

(quantum mechanics) An expression that describes the wavefunction of a multifermionic system. It satisfies antisymmetry requirements, and consequently the Pauli exclusion principle, by changing sign upon exchange of two electrons (or other fermions).


Fock matrix

Fock matrix (plural Fock matrixes or Fock matrices)

Fock matrixes (plural)
Fock matrices (plural)

(quantum mechanics) In the Hartree-Fock method of quantum mechanics, a matrix approximating the single-electron energy operator of a given quantum system in a given set of basis vectors.


glucose-6-phosphate isomerase

glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (plural glucose-6-phosphate isomerases)

fructose 6-phosphate
fructose 6-phosphate

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes intercellular the interconversion of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) and fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) and functions extracellular as a neurotrophic factor and lymphokine.


borocation

A cation with a positive charge on a boron atom.


freezing-point depression

freezing-point depression (countable and uncountable, plural freezing-point depressions)

(physics, chemistry) A drop in the minimum temperature at which a substance freezes, caused when a smaller amount of another, non-volatile substance is added, such as salt or alcohol.


Van de Graaff

One time we tried to make a Van de Graaff, which is something you touch that makes your hair static. It was pretty entertaining because we couldn’t do it!

2020 March 17, Jennifer Johnson, “Shout Out: Danielle Lesinski, National Merit Scholarship finalist from Maine South”, in Chicago Tribune:

Van de Graaff generator
Van de Graaff generator#English

(physics) Ellipsis of Van de Graaff generator.


aerocar

(science fiction) A flying car; a flying machine which looks and functions similarly to modern cars, often described as using antigravity technology.


countergravity

Synonym of anti-gravity (“any of various concepts, systems or devices that would oppose or cancel out the force of gravity”).


countergrav

(science fiction, rare) Clipping of countergravity.


TLM

TLM (countable and uncountable, plural TLMs)

transmission line matrix
w:Transmission-line matrix method

(electrical engineering)
Initialism of transmission line matrix.

transmission line model
w:transmission line model

(electrical engineering)
Initialism of transmission line model.

transfer length method
w:transfer length method

(electrical engineering)
Initialism of transfer length method.


drag coefficient

drag coefficient (plural drag coefficients)

(physics) A dimensionless quantity quantifying the amount of hydrodynamic drag force experienced by an object with a given area immersed in a fluid of a given density flowing at a given speed.


void coefficient

void coefficient (plural void coefficients)

Because the Chernobyl reactor had a large positive void coefficient, the reaction accelerated rapidly once the coolant water started to boil.

(nuclear physics, engineering) A coefficient quantifying how the reactivity of a nuclear reactor changes due to the formation of bubbles in the reactor's coolant.


boiling-point elevation

boiling-point elevation (countable and uncountable, plural boiling-point elevations)

(physical chemistry, physics) The phenomenon that the boiling point of a liquid (a solvent) will be higher when another compound is added.


pandemonium effect

If we have a beta decay that suffers from the pandemonium effect, the mean gamma energies will be underestimated and the beta energies will be overestimated.

2012, Amir Mesquita, Nuclear Reactors, page 78:

The pandemonium effect obviously has major consequences for decay heat calculations.

2014, Juha Äystö, Tommi Eronen, Ari Jokinen, IGISOL, page 247:

(physics) A problem that leads to inaccurate results from high-resolution gamma ray detectors in cases of beta decay when the decay product has a large Q value because the decay product has too many possible energy excitation levels with too much variation in the amount of energy emitted by different levels.


Hartree-Fock method

Named after Douglas Hartree and V. A. Fock.

(chemistry, physics) A method of approximation for the determination of the wavefunction and the energy of a quantum many-body system in a stationary state.


TRU

TRU waste

With repeated cycles of equilibration and salt transfers between the donor and acceptor, essentially all of the TRU content is transported to the Zn–Mg alloy.

1995, Thomas E. Carleson et al., editors, Separation Techniques in Nuclear Waste Management, CRC Press, →ISBN:


Wardenclyffe

Wardenclyffe Tower: a tower built by Nikola Tesla, on Long Island, New York state.


specific activity

specific activity (plural specific activities)

(physics) The activity per unit mass of a radionuclide: number of decays per unit time, per mass.


peripolygonal

(crystallography, rare) Having very many sides or angles.


particle-antiparticle

(physics) A subatomic particle and its corresponding antiparticle.


AMPK

AMP-activated protein kinase
w:AMP-activated protein kinase

(biochemistry) Initialism of AMP-activated protein kinase.

(acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase
w:(acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase

(biochemistry) Initialism of (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase.


alcohol dehydrogenase

alcohol dehydrogenase (plural alcohol dehydrogenases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones.


momenergy

(physics) Momentum and energy, collectively as a single entity.


Landauer's principle

Named after German-American physicist Rolf Landauer (1927–1999), who proposed it in 1961.

Landauer's principle remained untested for over fifty years.

2017, Momčilo Gavrilov, Experiments on the Thermodynamics of Information Processing, Springer, page 72:

2018, Michael P. Frank, Physical Foundations of Landauer's Principle, Jarkko Kari, Irek Ulidowski (editors), Reversible Computation: 10th International Conference, Proceedings, Springer, LNCS, page 5,
Thus, the usual arguments for Landauer's Principle and reversible computing that do not address this case are overly simplistic; later, we will discuss how to generalize and repair them.

Equation (2.27) is often referred to as Landauer's principle.
In retrospect, one could object that Landauer's principle is a mere tautology. If one accepts the notion of Shannon entropy as non-equilibrium thermodynamic entropy, then Landauer's principle is nothing but the second law (2.24) of non-equilibrium thermodynamics applied to a special situation.

2022, Philipp Strasberg, Quantum Stochastic Thermodynamics, Oxford University Press, page 53:

(physics, information theory) The principle that any logically irreversible manipulation of information must entail an increase in the entropy of the information-processing apparatus or its environment.

Landauer-Prinzip

principle that an irreversible manipulation of information always entails an increase in entropy


Landauer limit

After Landauer's principle, named after German-American physicist Rolf Landauer.

2012, Rolf Drechsler, Robert Wille, Reversible Circuits: Recent Accomplishments and Future Challenges for an Emerging Technology, Hafizur Rahaman, Sanatan Chattopadhyay, Santanu Chattopadhyay (editors), Progress in VLSI Design and Test: 16th International Symposium, Proceedings, Springer, LNCS 7373, page 385,
The figure shows that today's technology is still a factor of 1,000 away from the Landauer limit and that the expected CMOS development will reduce this to a factor of 100 within the next 10 years.

This Landauer limit is simply an energy, given in equation form as kTln2 . The quantity k is a constant of nature called Boltzmann's constant. The T is the environmental temperature in Kelvin, and ln2 is the natural logarithm of two.

2021, Caleb Scharf, The Ascent of Information, Penguin Random House (Riverhead Books), page 192:

Using such gates, we can (at least in theory) build a computer that can compute all bijective functions with no theoretical minimum energy use. There will be some energy use (nothing is free), but it can, in theory, be much smaller than the Landauer limit. Single reversible gates that can operate using less power than the Landauer limit have been constructed, but no complex circuitry has yet been constructed from these gates.

2022, Torben Ægidius Mogensen, Programming Language Design and Implementation, Springer, page 309:

Landauer's principle
Landauer's principle

(physics, information theory) A theoretical lower limit on the energy consumption of a computation, derived from Landauer's principle.


superphoton

However, according to the principles of the General Relativity Theory, Sanger’s superphoton man cannot materially exist by lives in a world which has no relation to ours.

1966, Arthur Charles Clarke, Congressional Record 1966-08-01: Volume 112, Superintendent of Government Documents, page 4060:

Similar difficulties arise if instead of three “photons” we imagine a single “superphoton” that responds to the numerical sum of all the colour charges.

1987, Frank Wilczek, Longing for the Harmonies: Themes and Variations from Modern Physics, Norton, →ISBN, page 201:

Without mentioning Lemaitre, Haldane pictured the universe as originating from one or a few such superphotons of almost infinite energy and sketched from this assumption the entire evolutionary history of matter and life.

1999, Helge Kragh, Cosmology and Controversy: The Historical Development of Two Theories of the Universe, Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 65:

Bose-Einstein condensate
Bose-Einstein condensate

(rare, physics, figurative) A photonic Bose-Einstein condensate, comprised of thousands of photons sufficiently concentrated and cooled in an optical well.


wave equation

In seismic processing substantial computing effort is consumed by programs based on the acoustic and elastic wave equation. The next two sections describe a compute engine for these wave equations.

1997, Ralph Phillip Bording, Larry R. Lines, Seismic Modeling and Imaging with the Complete Wave Equation, SEG Books, →ISBN, page 68:

partial differential equation
partial differential equation

A second-order linear partial differential equation for the description of waves or standing wave fields.


static friction

Coordinate term: kinetic friction

Two main types of friction that exist are static friction and kinetic friction. Static friction keeps an object from moving when a force is applied. A person pushing on a heavy object is unable to budge it because of static friction.

2006, Rusty L. Myers, The Basics of Physics, Greenwood Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 46:

(classical mechanics) Friction between two or more solid objects that are not moving relative to each other.


advectionally

Sensible heat is also transferred advectionally in the movement of the oceans, which provides a large input to waters in higher latitudes (Table 3.4) thereby supplementing the decreasing radiant energy inputs.

1998, I. D. White, Steven John Harrison, D. N. Mottershead, Environmental Systems: An Introductory Text, Psychology Press, →ISBN, page 145:

It is transported advectionally in the water phase (original code) and through gaseous diffusion (Eq. (1)).

2004, E Alfnes, GD Breedveld, W Kinzelbach, Per Aagaard, “Investigation of hydrogeologic processes in a dipping layer structure: 2. Transport and biodegradation of organics”, in Journal of contaminant hydrology, volume 69, numbers 3-4, Elsevier, →ISSN, pages 173–194:

(earth science, chemistry, physics) Synonym of advectively.


element zero

From being a chemical element with zero protons.

(informal, nuclear physics, science fiction) Synonym of neutronium (“material composed of neutrons”)


Brillouin zone

The concept was developed by Léon Brillouin (1889–1969), French physicist.

(mathematics, physics) A uniquely defined primitive cell forming part of the reciprocal lattice, involved in calculations regarding waves in a periodic medium given by Bloch's theorem.


Hartree product

Hartree product (plural Hartree products)

Schrödinger equation
Schrödinger equation

(physics) The product of a series of solutions to the Schrödinger equation for individual electrons, used as an approximation in the Hartree equation.


time barrier

(science fiction) A barrier or obstacle preventing time travel, especially one resulting from technological limitations.


time patrol

Synonym of time police (“an organization which regulates time travel”).


time police

(science fiction) An organization which regulates time travel, especially with the purpose of preventing the past from being changed.


time cop

(science fiction) A member of the time police.


torch drive

(science fiction) A spacecraft engine which produces thrust by nuclear fusion.


time crime

time crime (countable and uncountable, plural time crimes)

(science fiction) The violation of time travel law (especially referring to an attempt to change the past).


torchship

Compound of torch (“a torch drive”) + ship.

com+

(science fiction) A spacecraft propelled by a torch drive (“spacecraft engine which produces thrust by nuclear fusion”).


chlorotetrafluorosilicate

From chloro- + tetra- + fluoro- + silicate.

(inorganic chemistry) An unusual salt or anion containing silicon bound to four fluorine and one chlorine atoms. SiF₄Cl⁻


Wigner-Seitz cell

en-noun

Wigner-Seitz cell (plural Wigner-Seitz cells)

Named after Eugene Wigner and Frederick Seitz.

Voronoi decomposition
Voronoi decomposition

(crystallography) A primitive cell constructed by applying Voronoi decomposition to a crystal lattice, used in the study of crystalline materials.


multistring

We have conjectured that D-particles at D-brane intersections form multistrings and that these multistrings are the relevant degrees of freedom of black holdes formed from these intersections.

2000, The Journal of High Energy Physics, page 26:

Multistrings has been found for all inflationary spacetimes [15] but not in FRW universes.

2012, Norma G. Sànchez, Antonino Zichichi, String Gravity and Physics at the Planck Energy Scale, page 16:

Very quickly, this formula was generalized to a whole army of equations, representing the scattering of multistrings.

(physics, string theory) One of Multiple simultaneously vibrating strings.


CGC

color glass condensate
color glass condensate#English

colour glass condensate
colour glass condensate#English

(physics) Abbreviation of color glass condensate/colour glass condensate.


QIS

quantum information science
quantum information science#English

(physics) Abbreviation of quantum information science.


(physics) A radioactive isotope of uranium, ²³⁸₉₂U, having a half-life of 4.5 billion years; it accounts for about 99.3% of natural uranium.


(physics) A radioactive isotope of uranium, ²³⁴₉₂U, having a half-life of about 250,000 years; it accounts for about 55 parts per million of natural uranium; it is a member of the uranium-238 decay chain (aka "uranium series").


(physics) A radioactive isotope of uranium, ²³³₉₂U, having a half-life of about 160,000 years; it is fissile.


(physics) The radioactive isotope of gold, ¹⁹⁸₇₉Au, with a half-life of about 2.7 days.


GEODE

generic object of dark energy
generic object of dark energy#English

(physics) Acronym of generic object of dark energy. (A theoretical alternative to black holes. An object with an event horizon enclosing an interior composed of dark energy.)


fission product

fission product (plural fission products)


fission fragment

fission fragment (plural fission fragments)

One of the fragments (smaller nuclei) left over after a nucleus fissions (spontaneous or induced).


decay constant

In a radioactive material, an atom's probability, per unit time, of decaying; it is related to half-life by the equation t_1/2=(ln 2)/λ, where t_1/2 is the half-life, and λ is the decay constant.


ITER

(experimental reactor): originally an acronym, now explained as derived from Latin iter (“way, path”).

(nuclear physics) Acronym of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor.


HEDLA

Coordinate term: HEDP

HEDLA still has limits; not all astrophysical phenomena can be studied in the laboratory.

2023 January 3, Adam Frank, “The Universe Is More in Our Hands Than Ever Before”, in The Atlantic:

(astrophysics) Acronym of high-energy density laboratory astrophysics.


HEDP

high energy density physics
w:high energy density physics

(physics) Initialism of high energy density physics.


Anderson localization

Anderson localization (countable and uncountable, plural Anderson localizations)

Named after the American physicist P. W. Anderson.

condensed matter physics
condensed matter physics

(physics) In condensed matter physics, the absence of diffusion of waves in a disordered medium.


technetium star

technetium star (plural technetium stars)

(astrophysics) A star in which technetium has been detected. This is significant because technetium is too short-lived to occur primordially in the star, if the star is about 4.5 billion years old (the estimated age of the Earth), so the star must be producing technetium.


state of motion

state of motion (plural states of motion)

A motion as it appears having any numerical value of velocity as far as the velocity stays constant.


(physics) An isotope of californium, ²⁵²₉₈Cf, with a half-life of 2.6 years; it is popular as a source of neutrons.


Frenkel-Kontorova model

Frenkel-Kontorova model (plural Frenkel-Kontorova models)

Introduced by Yakov Frenkel and Tatiana Kontorova in 1938.

(physics) A fundamental model of low-dimensional nonlinear physics, describing a chain of classical particles with nearest-neighbor interactions, subjected to a periodic on-site substrate potential.


neutron-degenerate matter

Matter that is subject to such huge pressure that electrons are forced into nuclei to form neutrons: neutron-star matter.


Przybylski's Star

After astronomer Antoni Przybylski, who discovered it.

A star, about 356 light-years from Earth and in the constellation Centaurus; in which actinides, up to and including at least einsteinium, have been detected.


V particle

(particle physics) Any heavy, unstable subatomic particle that decays into a pair of particles, thereby producing a characteristic letter V in a bubble chamber or other detector.


interstellar ramjet

interstellar ramjet (plural interstellar ramjets)


artificial element

artificial element (plural artificial elements)


synthetic element

synthetic element (plural synthetic elements)

A chemical element that does not occur naturally (on Earth) and must be synthesized (manufactured).


continent of stability

continent of stability (plural continents of stability)

(nuclear physics) A hypothetical group of (presumably superheavy, likely beyond oganesson) chemical elements and isotopes that would be relatively long-lived, if not stable. Like an island of stability but larger.


tonal noise

(acoustics) Noise that is a pure tone so that it is concentrated in a narrow frequency band


acoustic impedance

(acoustics) Degree of opposition that a system presents to an acoustic flow. Reciprocal of acoustic admittance.


gravitics

I scan the Imperial Journal of Physics and the Borshallan Physics Review every day. Nobody's doing comparable work. They're all concerned with gravitics and field dynamics.

2014 October, Don Sakers, Children of the Eighth Day, Linthicum, M.D.: Speed-of-C Productions, →ISBN, page 186:

The fictional science of studying and controlling gravity.

I'll adjust the computer to our assigned radio beam and it can use the gravitics to mimic conventional flight.

1982, Isaac Asimov, Foundation's Edge, London, […]: Grafton Books, →ISBN, page 213:

Devices able to control gravity or gravitational waves, considered collectively.


sea of instability

sea of instability (plural seas of instability)

(nuclear physics) The vast body of short-lived isotopes outside the stable or long-lived ones (which form a "curve" on the table of nuclides).


supergrade

Of plutonium: containing a very small portion of isotopes other than plutonium-239 (especially plutonium-240) (usually less than perhaps 3%), making the plutonium especially suitable for nuclear weapons


LENR

LENR (countable and uncountable, plural LENRs)

Acronym for low-energy nuclear reaction(s).

Synonym for cold fusion (nuclear fusion near room temperature).


nuclear poison

Something that absorbs neutrons very well, hence sabotaging a nuclear chain reaction


nuclear halo

nuclear halo (plural nuclear halos or nuclear haloes)

nuclear halos (plural)
nuclear haloes (plural)

A bunch of protons and/or neutrons orbiting a nucleus, giving the nucleus a bigger radius than it should have. Such a nucleus is called a halo nucleus.


nuclear radiation

nuclear radiation (countable and uncountable, plural nuclear radiations)


nuclear fallout

nuclear fallout (countable and uncountable, plural nuclear fallouts)

In reference to such material falling out of the sky.

(uncountable) Residual radioactive material in the upper atmosphere which settles down to Earth over a protracted period; typically ash which has been propelled upwards by a nuclear explosion or disaster, sometimes mixed with rain or snow.

تَهَاطُل نَوَوِيّ

radioactive material in the atmosphere which settles down to Earth


Blackett effect

Named after British physicist Patrick Blackett, although it was originally proposed by Arthur Schuster in the 1910s.

(electromagnetism, historical) A now-disproven hypothesis that a magnetic field is generated by an uncharged rotating body.


ultrawave

There were short intervals between the reports, for ultrawaves, though traveling at the speed of light, still needed some time to span the tremendous distance.

1969, K[arl] H[erbert] Scheer, Walter Ernsting, translated by Wendayne Ackerman, Enterprise Stardust, London: Severn House, published 1977, →ISBN, page 28:

A type of radiation, often described as allowing for faster-than-light communication.


saucerman

To convince Sam Arkoff to put House of Usher — a film devoid of atomic mutants, bug-eyed saucermen, werewolves, vampires and other poster-friendly manifestations of the fifties' sci-fi boom — into production, Roger Corman had famously informed the joint head of American International that the house was the monster.

2003, Denis Meikle, Vincent Price: The Art of Fear, London: Reynolds & Hearn Ltd, →ISBN, page 76:

(science fiction) Someone who travels in a flying saucer.


spindizzy

From spin + dizzy. The science fiction sense was coined by American author James Blish in 1950 for the Cities in Flight series of books (published 1950–1962).

coinage

So the twin scientific themes of the first book are the development of antigravity technology called spindizzies that enable whole cities to lift into space, and the production of "anti-agathic" drugs that can extend life indefinitely, necessary for the immense journey times in interstellar space.

[2014, Brian Clegg, Final Frontier: The Pioneering Science and Technology of Exploring the Universe, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin's Press, →ISBN, page 26:

(science fiction) An anti-gravity propulsion system capable of faster-than-light travel, powered by the hypothetical Blackett effect.


barocalorics

(physics) The study of barocaloric effects.


magnetocalorics

(physics) The study of magnetocaloric effects.


elastocalorics

(physics) The study of elastocaloric effects.


electrocalorics

(physics) The study of electrocaloric effects.


calorics

From calorie + -ics. From Latin calor (“heat”).

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="en">heat</i>

(physics) The study of heat flow and heat transfer.


topological soliton

en-noun

topological soliton (plural topological solitons)

One of the simplest and most commonplace examples of a topological soliton occurs in old-fashioned coiled telephone handset cords, which are usually coiled clockwise. Years of picking up the handset can end up coiling parts of the cord in the opposite counterclockwise direction, and when this happens there will be a distinctive larger loop that separates the two directions of coiling. This odd looking transition loop, which is neither clockwise nor counterclockwise, is an excellent example of a topological soliton.

A dynamic theory is derived for the motion of a Bloch point, i.e., a point topological soliton which is homotopically equivalent to a "hedgehog," along a Bloch line in a ferromagnet.

1989, Soviet Physics, JETP, Volume 68, Issues 1-4, American Institute of Physics, page 879:

2010, Wen Xiu Ma, Xing-biao Hu, Qingping Liu (editors), Nonlinear and Modern Mathematical Physics: Proceedings of the First International Workshop, American Institute of Physics, page 205,
We review our work on topological solitons in the Faddeev-Skyrme model.

(mathematics, physics) A type of soliton that forms the transition between two adjoining structures or spaces which are "out of phase" in such a way that the transition cannot be seamless.


uraniumaire

A millionaire whose wealth was acquired through uranium mining.


SNU

Coordinate term: TNU

solar neutrino unit
solar neutrino unit#English

(astronomy, physics) Initialism of solar neutrino unit.


ionocaloric

(physics, chemistry) Pertaining to the thermal effects due to a change in ionic environmental conditions, such as due to the dissociation of ionic compounds (salts).


ionocalorics

(physics) The study of ionocaloric effects.


Barnett effect

Discovered by American physicist Samuel Barnett in 1915.

(physics) The magnetization of an uncharged body when spun on its axis.


magmatter

(physics) A hypothetical form of matter, consisting of magnetic monopoles and expected to be vastly stronger and denser than normal matter.


Curtius rearrangement

Curtius rearrangement (plural Curtius rearrangements)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) The thermal decomposition of an acyl azide to an isocyanate with loss of nitrogen gas. The isocyanate then undergoes attack by a variety of nucleophiles such as water, alcohols and amines, to yield a primary amine, carbamate or urea derivative respectively.


Laue equations

Named after physicist Max von Laue (1879–1960).

(physics, crystallography) A set of equations relating incoming waves to outgoing waves in the process of elastic scattering.


ambiodic

Ambiodic inhibitors suppress both anodic and cathodic reactions.

(physics) Of or pertaining to either a cathode or an anode


jumpspace

The Fergus entered jumpspace, but never emerged. The Scandyans were kind enough to let us check their records, and they show a clean drop.

2003, L[eland] E[xton] Modesitt Jr., The Ethos Effect, New York, N.Y.: Tor Books, →ISBN, page 176:


jumpship

Ben stared at the hologram. "The megacorps don't have quite the monopoly on fast transit that they think they have," he said. "But it would certainly help if we had a few more jumpships. That would solve a lot of transit problems."

2015, Jacey Bedford, Crossways, New York, N.Y.: DAW Books, Inc., →ISBN, page 59:

(science fiction) A spaceship able to instantaneously move large distances through space by traveling through hyperspace or jumpspace.


Ampère's force law

(physics) A physical law dealing with the force of attraction or repulsion between two current-carrying wires, each generating a magnetic field.


Ampère's circuital law

(physics) A physical law that relates the integrated magnetic field around a closed loop to the electric current passing through the loop.


Beer-Lambert law

Named after scientists August Beer and Johann Heinrich Lambert.

(physics) An empirical law that relates the attenuation of light to the properties of the material through which the light is travelling.


Kater's pendulum

Kater's pendulum (plural Kater's pendulums)

Invented by British physicist and army captain Henry Kater in 1817.

(physics, historical) A reversible free-swinging pendulum used as a gravimeter.


Trouton's rule

(thermodynamics) A rule stating that the entropy of vaporization is almost the same value, about 85–88 J/(K·mol), for various kinds of liquids at their boiling points.


soniscope

(physics) A sensor that uses high-frequency sound.


Gibbs-Helmholtz equation

the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation (canonical)

Named after Hermann von Helmholtz (who introduced it in an 1882 paper) and Josiah Willard Gibbs.

absolute temperature
absolute temperature

(thermodynamics) An equation for calculating changes in the Gibbs free energy of a system as a function of temperature: ((∂(G/T))/(∂T))ₚ=-H/(T²), where H is the enthalpy, T the absolute temperature and G the Gibbs free energy of the system, all at constant pressure p.


RAMAcraft

(physics, SETI) Acronym of rapid and/or massive accelerating spacecraft.


RAMADAR

gravitational wave
gravitational wave#English

(physics, SETI) Acronym of RAMAcraft detection and ranging.; a system analogous to passive SONAR or passive RADAR for gravitational wave wake tracking.


Choquet integral

Choquet integral (plural Choquet integrals)

Named after the French mathematician Gustave Choquet, who introduced them in 1953.

statistical mechanics
statistical mechanics

(statistical mechanics, potential theory, decision theory) A kind of subadditive or superadditive integral to measure the expected utility of an uncertain event.

statistical mechanics; potential theory; decision theory; statistical mechanics; potential theory; decision theory


acoustic admittance

(acoustics) A measure of the flow of acoustic energy, the reciprocal of acoustic impedance.


super-Eddington

Eddington luminosity
Eddington luminosity#English

(physics) Pertaining to that which exceeds Eddington luminosity, which exceeds the Eddington limit.


sub-Eddington

(physics) Pertaining to that which is below the Eddington luminosity, which does not break the Eddington limit.


Tesla-swap

(automotive) A car which has been electrified by removing its internal combustion engine and fuel system, and replacing it with a battery pack and an electric drive motor salvaged from a Tesla Motors all-electric battery-powered car.

(by extension) A car which has been converted to a battery-electric vehicle by removing its internal combustion engine and fuel system, and replacing it with a battery pack and an electric drive motor.


Tesla-swap

en-verb

Tesla-swap (third-person singular simple present Tesla-swaps, present participle Tesla-swapping, simple past and past participle Tesla-swapped)

Tesla-swaps (present singular third-person)
Tesla-swapping (participle present)
Tesla-swapped (participle past)
Tesla-swapped (past)

(automotive) To convert an internal combustion engine car into an all-electric battery-powered vehicle, by replacing its engine and fuel system with a battery pack and an electric drive motor salvaged from a Tesla Motors all-electric battery-powered car.

(by extension) To convert an internal combustion engine car into a battery-electric vehicle, by replacing its engine and fuel system with a battery pack and an electric drive motor.


brachyaxis

(crystallography) The shorter lateral axis of some crystals.


irradiation sickness

en-noun

irradiation sickness (usually uncountable, plural irradiation sicknesses)

radiation sickness
radiation sickness#English


Kerr cell

(physics) A glass cell filled with a polar liquid such as nitrotoluene or nitrobenzene, frequently used to modulate light by taking advantage of the Kerr effect.


Rayleigh-Jeans law

Named after John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, and Sir James Jeans.

(physics) An approximation to the spectral radiance of electromagnetic radiation as a function of wavelength from a black body at a given temperature through classical arguments.


actinium series

(physics) The 4n+3 decay chain of uranium-235.


Tsallis entropy

Tsallis entropy (countable and uncountable, plural Tsallis entropies)

Introduced in 1988 by Constantino Tsallis.

(physics) A generalization of the standard Boltzmann-Gibbs concept of entropy.


Fano-Feshbach resonance

Fano-Feshbach resonance (countable and uncountable, plural Fano-Feshbach resonances)

Feshbach resonance
Feshbach resonance#English


Feshbach resonance

Feshbach resonance (countable and uncountable, plural Feshbach resonances)

Named after American physicist Herman Feshbach.

Coordinate term: shape resonance

(physics) The situation where two slow atoms collide and temporarily stick together, forming an unstable compound with a short lifetime. It is a feature of many-body systems in which a bound state is achieved if the coupling(s) between at least one internal degree of freedom and the reaction coordinates, which lead to dissociation, vanish.


Yang-Baxter equation

Yang-Baxter equation (plural Yang-Baxter equations)

Named from the independent work of C. N. Yang (1968) and R. J. Baxter (1971).

(physics) A consistency equation first introduced in the field of statistical mechanics, based on the idea that, in some scattering situations, particles may preserve their momentum while changing their quantum internal states.


light barrier

On the grounds that special relativity predicts that no object can travel faster than light. Compare sound barrier.

The speed of light, seen as a barrier to faster-than-light travel.


B-factory

(physics) Abbreviation of beauty factory.


GIM

Initialism of the surnames of Sheldon Glashow, John Iliopoulos, and Luciano Maiani, who published on the topic in 1970.

GIM mechanism

GIM suppression

(particle physics, attributive) The mechanism through which flavour-changing neutral currents (FCNCs) are suppressed in loop diagrams.


FCNC

flavor-changing neutral current
w:flavor-changing neutral current

(particle physics) Initialism of flavor-changing neutral current.


November Revolution

(physics) The series of changes in particle physics triggered by the discovery of the charm quark in November 1974.