orthocharmonium

Coordinate term: paracharmonium

(particle physics) The form of charmonium in which the spins of the two quarks are parallel.


paracharmonium

Coordinate term: orthocharmonium

(particle physics) The form of charmonium in which the spins of the two quarks align oppositely.


optical depth

en-noun

optical depth (countable and uncountable, plural optical depths)

The previous attempt of direct observational detection, undertaken with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) during the Mars equatorial plane crossing in May 2001, set an upper limit on the normal optical depth to #x5C;sim 3#x5C;times 10#x7B;-8#x7D; for the Phobos ring and #x5C;sim 10#x7B;-7#x7D; for the Deimos torus.

2006 August, Alexander V. Krivov, Artem G. Feofilov, Valeri V. Dikarev, “Search for the putative dust belts of Mars: The late 2007 opportunity”, in Planetary and Space Science, volume 54, numbers 9–10, →DOI, page 871:

(physics) The natural logarithm of the ratio of amount of radiation that hits an object to the amount of radiation that emerges from that object on the other side.


Poynting-Robertson effect

the Poynting-Robertson effect (canonical)

Named after English physicist John Henry Poynting (1852–1914) and American mathematician Howard P. Robertson (1903–1961).

(astrophysics) A process by which solar radiation causes a dust grain orbiting a star to lose angular momentum relative to its orbit around the star.


Poynting-Robertson drag

To study the observability of the martian dust belts in this paper, we employed our dynamical code that numerically integrates orbit-averaged equations of motion of a circummartian particle in Lagrange elements derived by Krivov et al. (1996)[…], which we recently generalized to accommodate the Poynting–Robertson drag (Makuch et al., 2005).

2006 August, Alexander V. Krivov, Artem G. Feofilov, Valeri V. Dikarev, “Search for the putative dust belts of Mars: The late 2007 opportunity”, in Planetary and Space Science, volume 54, numbers 9–10, →DOI, page 873:

Poynting-Robertson effect
Poynting-Robertson effect#English

(astrophysics) Synonym of Poynting-Robertson effect.


globe lightning

globe lightning (usually uncountable, plural globe lightnings)


globular lightning

globular lightning (usually uncountable, plural globular lightnings)


fuzzy dark matter

From the lack of definition (fuzziness) due to the wave-like nature of fuzzy dark matter, unlike the particle-like of hot dark matter and cold dark matter.

de Broglie wavelength
de Broglie wavelength#English

(physics, cosmology, astronomy) A type of dark matter with very low particle mass, with concomitant very large de Broglie wavelength (such as wavelength on the order of kiloparsecs), resulting in a population of overlapping waves, and concentrations of this dark matter modeled as fields and interference patterns, over astronomical and cosmological distances.


aufbau principle

From German Aufbau (“build-up, construction”).

bor

(physics) The rule stating that, in the ground state of an atom or ion, electrons fill subshells of the lowest available energy, followed by subshells of higher energy.


final parsec problem

supermassive black hole
supermassive black hole

(astronomy) The problem of whether two supermassive black holes in a merged galaxy would remain in orbit or eventually merge, and if so, how.


SMBHB

supermassive black hole binary
supermassive black hole binary#English

(astronomy) Abbreviation of supermassive black hole binary. (a pair of supermassive black holes at the centre of two galaxies that have merged)


Wannier function

en-noun

Wannier function (plural Wannier functions)

Named after Swiss physicist Gregory Wannier (1911–1983).

named-after

The Wannier functions (WF)^(35,36) are the most localized orbitals within the valence-band and conduction-band subspaces. Hence we will use WF as ϕₗ in Eqs (1) and (2).

2016 April 26, Jie Ma, Lin-Wang Wang, “Using Wannier functions to improve solid band gap predictions in density functional theory”, in Scientific Reports, volume 6, →DOI, article 24924, page 2:

(physics) Any of a set of orthogonal functions used in solid-state physics; they are the localized molecular orbitals of crystalline systems.


Hartree-Fock

There exists another approach to correct the DFT and its related Kohn-Sham Hamiltonian: the Koopmans’ theorem¹¹⁻²². The original Koopmans’ theorem only states that in Hartree-Fock, the first ionization energy is equal to the highest occupied orbital energy if the wave function relaxations are ignored.

2016 April 26, Jie Ma, Lin-Wang Wang, “Using Wannier functions to improve solid band gap predictions in density functional theory”, in Scientific Reports, volume 6, →DOI, article 24924, page 1:

Hartree-Fock method
Hartree-Fock method#English

(chemistry, physics, also attributively) Ellipsis of Hartree-Fock method.


Ettingshausen effect

en-noun

Ettingshausen effect (plural Ettingshausen effects)

(physics) A thermoelectric or thermomagnetic phenomenon that affects the electric current in a conductor when a magnetic field is present. When applying a current (along the y-axis) and a perpendicular magnetic field (along the z-axis) a temperature gradient appears along the x-axis.


Stark-Einstein law

Named after German-born physicists Johannes Stark and Albert Einstein, who independently formulated the law between 1908 and 1913.

(physics) A photochemical principle stating in essence that every photon that is absorbed will cause a (primary) chemical or physical reaction.


Grotthuss-Draper law

Proposed in 1817 by Theodor Grotthuss and in 1842, independently, by John William Draper.

(physics) The principle stating that only that light which is absorbed by a system can bring about a photochemical change.


JAK

(biochemistry) Initialism of Janus kinase.


cross-bonding

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) A method to connect power cable by crossing the return conductors between phases to increase cable current rating and reduce electrical losses on the cable sheath.


cross-linked polyethylene

A form of polyethylene with cross-linking used mainly in building construction and electrical insulating materials.


belted cable

(electrical engineering) A 3-phase power cable whose conductors are bunched together and isolated with oil-impregnated insulating paper.


proximity effect

(electrical engineering) A condition when a power cable carrying electric current which is non-uniformly distributed due to the presence of other power cable or conductor nearby. This phenomena increases the apparent resistance of the power cable.


cable core

(electricity) Central part or the innermost part of a power cable which carries electric current and is surrounded by various layers of insulation.


quark matter

(astrophysics) A hypothetical phase of matter made up of quarks that are so tightly packed (due to high surrounding pressure) that they do not chunk into baryons.


strange quark star

strange quark star (plural strange quark stars)

(astrophysics) Alternative form of strange star.


photo-Dember effect

photo-Dember effect (plural photo-Dember effects)

(physics) The formation of a charge dipole in the vicinity of a semiconductor surface after ultrafast photogeneration of charge carriers.


emission spectrum

emission spectrum (plural emission spectrums or emission spectra)

emission spectrums (plural)
emission spectra (plural)

electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation

(physics) The spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to electrons making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state.

spectre d’émission

spectrum of electromagnetic radiation emitted by electron energy state transition


Oh-My-God particle

Oh-My-God particle (plural Oh-My-God particles)

(astronomy, physics) An ultra-high-energy cosmic ray detected in 1991, of uncertain nature, which exceeds the GZK limit; the highest energy particle ever discovered.


stagma

Borrowed from Ancient Greek στάγμα (stágma, “distillate”), from στάζω (stázō, “to drop, trickle”).

bor+

For quotations using this term, see Citations:stagma.

(obsolete, physical chemistry) A distilled liquid.


butyrinase

(biochemistry) The enzyme triacylglycerol lipase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester linkages of triglycerides.


acid value

A number used to quantify the acidity of a given substance, equal to the quantity of base (usually potassium hydroxide) in milligrams required to neutralize the acidic constituents in one gram of a sample.


SWER

(electricity) Initialism of single-wire earth-return.


SWER

en-noun

SWER (countable and uncountable, plural SWERs)

single-wire earth-return
single-wire earth-return#English

(electricity) single-wire earth-return electrical system


Auger electron

(physics) In some instances of the Auger effect, a second electron that receives the energy of the initial electron and is then ejected from the atom.


X17 particle

(particle physics) A hypothetical subatomic particle proposed to explain certain anomalous measurements.


fifth force

The tantalising theory that a fifth force of nature could exist has been given a boost thanks to unexpected wobbling by a subatomic particle, physicists have revealed. […] Dr Mitesh Patel, from Imperial College London, said: “We’re talking about a fifth force because we can’t necessarily explain the behaviour [in these experiments] with the four we know about.”

2023 August 11, Nicola Davis, “Scientists may be on brink of discovering fifth force of nature”, in The Guardian:

(physics) A hypothetical fundamental force, distinct from gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong force and weak force, proposed to explain various anomalous observations that do not fit existing theories.


Earnshaw's theorem

First proven by British mathematician Samuel Earnshaw in 1842.

(physics) A theorem stating that a collection of point charges cannot be maintained in a stable stationary equilibrium configuration solely by the electrostatic interaction of the charges.


relrod

(crystallography) A rod-like shape due to reciprocal lattice points becoming elongated in one direction


Hall coefficient

Hall coefficient (plural Hall coefficients)

(physics) With regard to the Hall effect: the ratio of the induced electric field to the product of the current density and the applied magnetic field.


Everett branch

Everett branch (plural Everett branches)

Named after American physicist Hugh Everett III, who proposed the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics in 1957.

This discussion is fascinating because I used to be acquainted with some philosophers who were trying to use Everett's theory as a way to give a `rigorous' meaning to `possible'. In other words, a world is possible if there exists a causal chain of Everett branches connecting it with our world.

1993 August 6, Justin Smith, “Possible worlds and Everett's worlds”, in sci.physics (Usenet):

wavefunction collapses
wavefunction collapse#Noun

many-worlds interpretation
many-worlds interpretation#Noun

quantum mechanics
quantum mechanics#Noun

(quantum mechanics) A particular sequence of wavefunction collapses, which, according to the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, corresponds to a particular universe.


current balance

current balance (plural current balances)

(physics) a sensitive apparatus for measuring electric current.


UFT

(physics) Initialism of Unified Field Theory (a field theory that allows all fundamental forces and elementary particles to be written in terms of a pair of physical and virtual fields)


Lagrangian mechanics

First developed systematically by Joseph-Louis Lagrange in his Mécanique analytique (1788–89).

A formulation of classical mechanics in terms of energy and action rather than forces, mathematically expressed by a function termed the Lagrangian.

Joseph-Louis Lagrange
Mécanique analytique


antilithium

Heavy antinuclei, if observed, would also indicate that nucleosynthetic processes are taking place in these antimatter regions, since the usual matter-symmetric cosmologies have no other provision for manufacturing antimatter heavier than antilithium.

1987, Luis W. Alvarez, Discovering Alvarez: Selected Works of Luis W. Alvarez with Commentary by His Students and Colleagues, University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 194:

The pinhead contained only a twentieth of a gramme of antilithium, but that's more than sufficient for our purposes.

2009, Alastair Reynolds, Revelation Space, Orion, →ISBN:

Even unshielded, it would take antilithium or highmatter to cut through the adamantine plate on the dorsal hull.

2020, Christopher Ruocchio, Demon In White: Book 3, Orion, →ISBN:

(physics, science fiction) The antiatom form of lithium.


anticobalt

It is believed that the same experiment with anticobalt nuclei would have the exact opposite result.

1996, Robert Ehlrich, What If You Could Unscramble an Egg?, Rutgers University Press, →ISBN, page 162:

Of course, we have not been able to test the validity of the CP conservation using anticobalt, although other experiments have been conducted to show that it is preserved to a high degree.

1991, G. D. Coughlan, J. E. Dodd, The Ideas of Particle Physics: An Introduction for Scientists, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 70:

For example, in the well-known Wu experiment arguing from the observed asymmetry of Co⁶⁰-decay electrons (without the experiments on anticobalt nuclei!) it followed that charge parity was not conserved.

2013 [1965], Lev Okun, Weak Interaction in Elementary Particles: International Series of Monographs in Natural Philosophy, Elsevier Science, →ISBN, page 46:


lightning storm

lightning storm (plural lightning storms)


Jeans escape

Jeans escape (countable and uncountable, plural Jeans escapes)

Named after English physicist Sir James Jeans (1877–1946), who is credited with calculating the rate of such atmospheric escape.

2014, Eugene F. Milone, William J. F. Wilson, Solar System Astrophysics, Springer, 2nd Edition, page 413,
As will be seem in Sects. 11.7.2.3 and 11.7.3.2, Jeans escape of H atoms from Venus is negligible compared to other, nonthermal mechanisms, whereas Jeans escape dominates the loss of H from Mars. On both planets, Jeans escape of O, O₂ and CO₂ is negligible.

where a≡m/2k_BT, n is the number density of particles and v is the magnitude of the velocity.

2017, Kevin Heng, Exoplanetary Atmospheres, Princeton University Press, page 213, The simplest model of Jeans escape [112], a mechanism named after the Englishman James H. Jeans, assumes that the constituent particles of the atmosphere may be described by a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, f_M=(a/π)ne, (13.6)

2021, Mark H. Thiemens, Mang Lin, 2: Discoveries of Mass Independent Isotope Effects in the Solar System, Ilya N. Bindeman, Andreas Pack (editors), Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Volume 86: Triple Oxygen Isotope Geochemistry, Mineralogical Society of America, page 70,
The hydrogen is lost from the system by diffusion and Jeans escapes.

(planetology, astrophysics) A type of atmospheric escape in which a light gas atom or molecule (typically a helium atom or hydrogen molecule) gains sufficient momentum through collision with other molecules to escape the atmosphere (and gravitational pull) of a planet.


hemitropism

(crystallography) The quality of being hemitropal.


Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid

Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (plural Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids)

Luttinger liquid
Luttinger liquid#English


NSG

Nuclear Suppliers Group
w:Nuclear Suppliers Group

Initialism of Nuclear Suppliers Group, an international organization.


circular state

Named after the torus-like shape of the valence electron orbital in these states, which resembles a classical circular orbit.

It has been shown ^(3,4)) that the selection rules on the Auger and X-ray transition probabilities tend to populate preferentially the circular states, that is those for which the orbital angular momentum l is given by l#x3D;n-1.

1962 December 20, J.R. Rook, “The decay of K⁻ mesic atoms”, in Nuclear Physics, volume 39, →DOI, page 479:

We report the production of a population of atoms in a Rydberg state with #x7C;m#x7C;#x3D;n-1, where m and n are the magnetic and principal quantum numbers, respectively. We designate these states as "circular" because in the classical limit they describe an electron in a circular orbit. Among all the states with a given principal quantum number, the circular states have the largest magnetic moment, smallest Stark effect, and longest radiative lifetime.

1983 October 17, Randall G. Hulet and Daniel Kleppner, “Rydberg Atoms in "Circular" States”, in Physical Review Letters, volume 51, →DOI, page 1430:

So-called circular states with the maximal angular momentum L#x3D;n-1 can have lifetimes exceeding 100 s, 10⁶ times longer than those of low-L states, in appropriately engineered environments.

2021 August 6, Sam R. Cohen and Jeff D. Thompson, “Quantum Computing with Circular Rydberg Atoms”, in PRX Quantum, volume 2, →DOI, page 030322:

principal quantum number
principal quantum number

magnetic quantum number
magnetic quantum number

(physics) Any of those quantum states of an atom, which has a high principal quantum number n, and a magnetic quantum number m_l with the maximum possible magnitude, |m_l|=n-1.


van der Waals volume

van der Waals volume (plural van der Waals volumes)

van der Waals radius
van der Waals radius

(physics) The volume occupied by an individual atom or molecule. For a single atom, it is the volume of a sphere whose radius is the van der Waals radius of the atom:


van der Waals radius

van der Waals radius (plural van der Waals radii)

Named after Johannes Diderik van der Waals, the first to recognise that atoms were not simply points and to demonstrate the physical consequences of their size.

(physics) The radius of an imaginary hard sphere representing the distance of closest approach from one atom to another.


skyfish

(ufology) Synonym of rod (“rod-shaped optical phenomenon”)


petrol engine

(mechanics) An internal combustion engine designed to run on petrol (gasoline).


Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin limit

the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin limit (canonical)

From the surnames of the three physicists who proposed this limitation on long distance travel of energetic particles. From Greisen+Zatsepin+Kuzmin. Named after American physicist Kenneth Greisen, and Soviet (now Russian) physicists Georgiy Zatsepin, and Vadim Kuzmin. The Soviet team and the American each discovered the limit separately in the 1960s, being independently computed in 1966.

intergalactic medium
intergalactic medium

(astronomy, physics) A theoretical upper limit on the energy of cosmic ray protons travelling from other galaxies through the intergalactic medium to our galaxy: it is 5×10¹⁹ eV, or about 8 joules (the energy of a proton travelling at ≈ 99.99999999999999999998% the speed of light).

en:Georgiy Zatsepin
en:Kenneth Greisen
en:Vadim Kuzmin (physicist)

OMG particle

the most energetic EECR discovered so far

zevatron

placeholder name for that which accelerates particles above this limit


melatope

Coined by A. Johannsen on page 420 in A Manual of Petrographic Methods McGraw-Hill 1918

(mineralogy, microscopy) An eye shape of concentric coloured optical fringes seen on a conoscopic interference pattern surrounding an optical axis. For biaxial minerals there are a pair of circles, like eyes.


isogyre

(microscopy) Dark bands appearing in a conoscopic interference pattern.


Wien's displacement law

Discovered by German physicist Wilhelm Wien.

inversely proportional
inversely proportional

(physics) A law stating that the blackbody radiation curve for different temperatures will peak at different wavelengths that are inversely proportional to the temperature.


roentgenoluminescence

(physics) luminescence produced by exposition to the X-rays.


EHD

(physics) Abbreviation of electrohydrodynamics.


Gerstner wave

Discovered in 1802 by Franz Josef Gerstner.

(fluid dynamics) An exact solution of the Euler equations for periodic surface gravity waves, describing a progressive wave of permanent form on the surface of an incompressible fluid of infinite depth.


EECR

extremely energetic cosmic ray
extremely energetic cosmic ray#English

extreme-energy cosmic ray
extreme-energy cosmic ray#English

(astronomy, physics) Initialism of extremely energetic cosmic ray/extreme-energy cosmic ray.: A cosmic ray particle exceeding the GZK limit.


unified atomic mass unit

unified atomic mass unit (plural unified atomic mass units)

(chemistry) A unit of mass equal to 1/12 the mass of an atom of the ¹²C isotope of carbon.


cis-trans

a cis-trans compound

(physical chemistry) Exhibiting or relating to cis-trans isomerism.


water treeing

An instance of the water tree phenomenon.


electrochemical equivalent

electrochemical equivalent (plural electrochemical equivalents)

(electrochemistry) The mass of a given chemical element transported by a specific quantity of electricity.


Penrose transform

Penrose transform (plural Penrose transforms)

Introduced by Roger Penrose (1967, 1968, 1969).

(physics) A complex analog of the Radon transform that relates massless fields on spacetime, or more precisely the space of solutions to massless field equations, to sheaf cohomology groups on complex projective space.


Joule heating

(physics) The process by which the passage of an electric current through a conductor produces heat.


FAPP

Popularized by physicist John Stewart Bell.

Is it not good to know what follows from what, even if it is not necessary FAPP? Suppose for example that quantum mechanics were found to resist precise formulation. Suppose that when formulation beyond FAPP is attempted, we find an unmovable finger obstinately pointing outside the subject, to the mind of the observer, to the Hindu scriptures, to God, or even only Gravitation? Would that not be very, very interesting?"

1988, John Stewart Bell, Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics, Cambridge University Press:

Going beyond FAPP to interpret quantum theory is today a growth industry, and a contentious field, though a very small fraction of physicists are involved.

2011, Bruce Rosenblum, Fred Kuttner, Quantum Enigma, page 206:

Newtonian physics works fine, FAPP, at the macroscopic level, say Rosenblum & Kuttner[…]

2019, David Yeats, A Universe Full of Magical Things, page 45:

for all practical purposes
for all practical purposes#English

(philosophy, physics) Abbreviation of for all practical purposes.


spin network

(quantum mechanics) A kind of mathematical diagram representing quantum states and interactions between particles and fields.


Zepp antenna

Zepp antenna (plural Zepp antennas or Zepp antennae)

Zepp antennas (plural)
Zepp antennae (plural)

(electromagnetism) A horizontal antenna which is fed at one end by one lead of a two-wire transmission line.


rhumbatron

(physics, historical) A kind of resonator.


rethermalize

en-verb

rethermalize (third-person singular simple present rethermalizes, present participle rethermalizing, simple past and past participle rethermalized)

rethermalizes (present singular third-person)
rethermalizing (participle present)
rethermalized (participle past)
rethermalized (past)

The difference in energies of the ions ionized in various parts of the electron beam will then rethermalize, resulting in an increased temperature.

2001, John Gillaspy, Trapping Highly Charged Ions: Fundamentals and Applications, page 45:

(physics) To return to thermal equilibrium.


dendronize

dendronize (third-person singular simple present dendronizes, present participle dendronizing, simple past and past participle dendronized)

dendronizes (present singular third-person)
dendronizing (participle present)
dendronized (participle past)
dendronized (past)

(organic chemistry) To produce dendritic macromolecules from a substrate.


Dirac field

Named after English physicist Paul Dirac.

named-after

(quantum mechanics, quantum field theory) A fermionic field which consists of a 4-component spinor or a pair of 2-component Weyl spinors.


orthoquarkonium

(particle physics) A form of quarkonium where the spins of the constituent quarks are parallel.


paraquarkonium

(particle physics) An antiparallel form of orthoquarkonium.


betatronic

(physics) Relating to or produced by a betatron.


Seebeck coefficient

en-noun

Seebeck coefficient (plural Seebeck coefficients)


Thomson effect

Named after William Thomson, Lord Kelvin.

(thermodynamics) The phenomenon where, when in the presence of a gradient in the Seebeck coefficient, driving a current through this gradient produces a continuous version of the Peltier effect.


mass balance

mass balance (countable and uncountable, plural mass balances)

conservation of mass
conservation of mass

(physics, countable) An application of conservation of mass to the analysis of physical systems, taking into account the material that enters and leaves a system.


lightning never strikes twice

An allusive shortening of lightning never strikes twice in the same place, usually used figuratively.


en-proverb

lightning doesn't strike twice in the same place

lightning never strikes twice in the same place#English

Alternative form of lightning never strikes twice in the same place

lightning does not strike twice in the same place


superbunching

For quotations using this term, see Citations:superbunching.

(physics) Enhanced bunching (of photons, electrons, etc).


coherence time

(physics) The time over which a propagating wave may be considered coherent, meaning that its phase is, on average, predictable.


Helmholtz resonance

(physics, acoustics) The phenomenon of air resonance in a cavity, occurring when air is forced in and out of the cavity, causing the air inside to vibrate at a specific natural frequency.


time-switch

en-verb

time-switch (third-person singular simple present time-switches, present participle time-switching, simple past and past participle time-switched)

time-switches (present singular third-person)
time-switching (participle present)
time-switched (participle past)
time-switched (past)

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(transitive, electrical engineering, uncommon) To activate a switch automatically at a preset time.


burn time

en-noun

burn time (countable and uncountable, plural burn times)

(physics, astronautics) The amount of time in which which the propellant charge of a rocket engine is completely consumed.


Mach wave

(fluid dynamics) A pressure wave travelling at the speed of sound, caused by a slight change of pressure added to a compressible flow.


early time

(nuclear physics) The earliest possible time in which a munition of atomic demolition can detonate.


missing time

(psychology, parapsychology, ufology) A time period of amnesia or a gap in conscious memory reported by individuals who have experienced alien abduction.


travel time

(physics) Alternative form of traveltime.


deuterium bottleneck

(cosmology) A critical stage in the early universe's nucleosynthesis process, in which the temperature was high enough for many photons to have energy greater than the binding energy of deuterium; therefore any deuterium that was formed was immediately destroyed.


first-order hold

first-order hold (countable and uncountable, plural first-order holds)

digital-to-analog converter
digital-to-analog converter

(electronics, electrical engineering) A mathematical model of the practical reconstruction of sampled signals that could be done by a conventional digital-to-analog converter and an analog circuit called an integrator.


magnetic bottle

magnetic bottle (plural magnetic bottles)

(physics) a magnetic field so shaped that it can confine a plasma: used in a proposed design for fusion reactors


neutral equilibrium

(physics) An equilibrium in which a small disturbance has no tendency to either return to its original state or to move further away from its original state.


single-phase

(electricity) Using an alternating current in which all voltages supplied are in the same phase.


single-phase

en-verb

single-phase (third-person singular simple present single-phases, present participle single-phasing, simple past and past participle single-phased)

single-phases (present singular third-person)
single-phasing (participle present)
single-phased (participle past)
single-phased (past)

(electricity, by extension) To use such a current.


a/o

A typescript approximation of a percent sign % with the top zero replaced with 'a' for atom.

(physical chemistry) atomic percent (percent calculated by number of atoms)


double-slit experiment

en-noun

double-slit experiment (plural double-slit experiments)

(physics) An experiment demonstrating that light and matter can satisfy the seemingly incongruous classical definitions for both waves and particles, regarded as evidence for the fundamentally probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics. A coherent light source, such as a laser beam, illuminates a plate pierced by two parallel slits, and the light passing through the slits is observed on a screen behind the plate, where the wave nature of light causes bright and dark bands due to interference.


gateability

Formed in Modern English as gateable + -ity.

(physics, of a circuit) The ability of a circuit to be exgernally controlled through a gate.


mass distribution

mass distribution (countable and uncountable, plural mass distributions)

(physics, mechanics) The spatial distribution of mass within a solid body.


solitary wave

(physics) A self-reinforcing pulse or travelling wave caused by any non-linear effect (found in many physical systems).


acquisition time

acquisition time (countable and uncountable, plural acquisition times)

In this context, mean acquisition time is used as a performance measure.

2004, Ian Oppermann, Matti Hämäläinen, Jari Iinatti, UWB: Theory and Applications, page 79:

During the acquisition time, the sample switch closes and the input voltage charges the A/D's internal 120 pF capacitance C_(HOLD).

2005, Jack Smith, Programming the PIC Microcontroller with MBASIC, page 215:

The acquisition time for a UWB signal is thus large due to a combination of the low energy per pulse and very short pulse durations (nanoseconds or hundreds of picoseconds, typically).

2006, Huseyin Arslan, Zhi Ning Chen, Maria-Gabriella Di Benedetto, Ultra Wideband Wireless Communication, page 303:

(physics) The amount of time required to acquire and convert a signal into a data record.


time-bandwidth product

(physics, lasers) Of a light pulse, the product of its temporal duration and spectral width.


yield value

(physics) The minimum amount of shearing or normal stress required to cause a continuous deformation in a solid.


characteristic time

characteristic time (countable and uncountable, plural characteristic times)

(physical chemistry, physics) The order of magnitude of the reaction time scale of a system; the inverse of the reaction rate.


imaginary time

imaginary time (countable and uncountable, plural imaginary times)

(quantum mechanics) Real time which has undergone a Wick rotation so that its coordinates are multiplied by the imaginary unit i.


heavyonium

(particle physics) Any meson formed from a heavy quark and its antiquark.


time-average equation

(fluid dynamics) The equation, 1/(V_M)=ϕ/(V_F)+(1-ϕ)/(V_R), used in acoustic log interpretation as a measurement of formation porosity.


ensemble average

ensemble average (countable and uncountable, plural ensemble averages)

statistical mechanics
statistical mechanics

(statistical mechanics) The mean of a quantity that is a function of the microstate of a system, according to the distribution of the system on its microstates in this ensemble.


space average

(physics) The average value of a physical quantity over a certain region of space.


extremal black hole

extremal black hole (plural extremal black holes)

(astrophysics, cosmology) A black hole with the minimum possible mass that is compatible with its charge and angular momentum.


time evolution

time evolution (countable and uncountable, plural time evolutions)

(mathematics, physics) The change of state caused by the passage of time, applicable to systems with an internal state.


chaotropically

en-adv

chaotropically (comparative more chaotropically, superlative most chaotropically)

more chaotropically (comparative)
most chaotropically (superlative)

(biochemistry, physical chemistry) In a chaotropic manner.


electretic

(physics) Of or relating to an electret.


Sisyphus cooling

Named after Sisyphus from Greek mythology, who was doomed eternally to roll a stone up a mountain, only to have it roll down again whenever he got it near the summit.

(physics) The use of specially selected laser light, hitting atoms from various angles to both cool and trap them in a potential well, effectively rolling the atoms down a hill of potential energy until they have lost their kinetic energy.


Sisyphus effect

en-noun

Sisyphus effect (plural Sisyphus effects)

(physics) The phenomenon of Sisyphus cooling.


energy density

energy density (plural energy densities)

(physics) Amount of energy stored in a given system or region of space per unit volume.


collective mode

(physics, of a linear dynamic system) A weakly damped and lasting coherent motion of a large fraction of the particles in a system.


soft mode

(physics) A collective excitation whose frequency decreases anomalously as the transition point is reached.


monohedron

Then, in the above example, to RPS lying on the equator there corresponds a prism, to those lying outside the equator, a pyramid, and to the polar point, a monohedron.

2013, Boris K. Vainshtein, Fundamentals of Crystals, page 185:


Lense-Thirring precession

Lense-Thirring precession (usually uncountable, plural Lense-Thirring precessions)

Named after Josef Lense and Hans Thirring.

(physics) In general relativity, a relativistic correction to the precession of a gyroscope near a large rotating mass such as the Earth.


organoneptunium

(organic chemistry) Describing any organic compound containing a carbon-to-neptunium bond.


neptunocene

neptunocene (countable and uncountable, plural neptunocenes)

(organic chemistry) The actinocene cyclooctatetraenide with chemical formula Np(C₈H₈)₂.


plutonocene

plutonocene (countable and uncountable, plural plutonocenes)

(organic chemistry) The actinocene cyclooctatetraenide with chemical formula Pu(C₈H₈)₂.


atomgrad

/ˈætəmˌɡɹæd/

Borrowed from Russian атомгра́д (atomgrád), from а́том (átom, “atom”) + град (grad, “city”).

bor+

(Soviet Union, historical) A planned city built to facilitate the construction and operation of a nuclear power plant or other nuclear facility in the Soviet Union.


Herglotz-Noether theorem

the Herglotz-Noether theorem (canonical)

Formulated by Gustav Herglotz (1909) and in a less general way by Fritz Noether (1909).

(physics) A theorem stating that all irrotational Born rigid motions (class A) consist of hyperplanes rigidly moving through spacetime, while any rotational Born rigid motion (class B) must be an isometric Killing motion, and thus a Born rigid body only has three degrees of freedom.


Born rigidity

The concept was introduced by Max Born in 1909.

(quantum mechanics) A concept in special relativity that corresponds to the rigid body of nonrelativistic classical mechanics. It is satisfied if the orthogonal spacetime distance between infinitesimally separated curves or world lines is constant.


time term

(mathematics, physics) A term of an equation in which the main variable is time (symbolized as t).


tea leaf paradox

(fluid dynamics) The phenomenon whereby tea leaves in a cup of tea migrate to the center and bottom of the cup after being stirred (due to friction towards the bottom), rather than being forced to the edges, as would be expected in a spiral centrifuge.


Bohr model

Presented in 1913 by Ernest Rutherford and Niels Bohr.

(physics) A conceptual model of the atom, involving a small, dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons.


Bohr atom

(physics) The type of atom described by the Bohr model.


Rutherford atom

en-noun

Rutherford atom (plural Rutherford atoms)

(physics) The type of atom described by the Rutherford model.


Rutherford model

(physics) A conceptual model of the atom, superseding the plum pudding model, and involving a relatively high central charge concentrated into a very small volume in comparison to the rest of the atom, with this central volume (the nucleus) containing most of the atom's mass. It was superseded by the Bohr model.


low-powered

(electricity, electronics) Possessing little power or capacity.


Henyey track

pre-main-sequence star
pre-main-sequence star

Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
Hertzsprung–Russell diagram

(astrophysics) A path taken by pre-main-sequence stars with masses greater than 0.5 solar masses in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram after the end of the Hayashi track.


Hayashi track

(astrophysics) A luminosity–temperature relationship obeyed by infant stars of less than 3 M☉ in the pre-main-sequence phase (PMS phase) of stellar evolution.


pre-main-sequence star

pre-main-sequence star (plural pre-main-sequence stars)

(astrophysics) A star in the stage when it has not yet reached the main sequence.


infant star

Perhaps thy sight is wandering far Throughout the kindled sky, In tracing every infant star Amid the lights on high,

1849, M. A. H., “The Dying Child”, in Echoes of Infant Voices, page 86:

Emitted radiation and a stellar wind flow from the infant star.

2006, Gregory L. Matloff, Deep Space Probes: To the Outer Solar System and Beyond, page 15:

In one discovery, Spitzer's infrared eyes have peered into the place where planets are born—the center of a dusty disc surrounding an infant star—and sped the icy ingredients of planets and comets.

2008, Paul Hutchins, The Secret Doorway: Beyond Imagination, page 61:

(astronomy, astrophysics) A newly formed star; a star that has just begun to sustain a fusion reaction.


(physics) An isotope of cobalt, ⁶⁰₂₇Co, with a half-life of 5.2 years; it beta-decays into nickel-60 (⁶⁰Ni) and is a potent source of gamma rays.


phosphatidyltransferase

phosphatidyltransferase (countable and uncountable, plural phosphatidyltransferases)

Steps that follow the formation of archaeal phospholipids are the activation of CDP-archaeol by CarS […] and head group modification by enzymes of the CPD-alcohol phosphatidyltransferases and by enzymes that are homologues of their bacterial counterparts.

2016, Pierre Pontarotti, Evolutionary Biology: Convergent Evolution, Evolution of Complex Traits, Concepts and Methods, page 196:

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphatidyl group from one molecule to another, involved in lipid metabolism and cell membrane synthesis.


retarded time

retarded time (countable and uncountable, plural retarded times)

Coordinate term: advanced time

(electromagnetism) The time when the field begins to propagate from the point where it is emitted to an observer.


advanced time

advanced time (countable and uncountable, plural advanced times)

Coordinate term: retarded time

(electromagnetism) The time when the field will advance from the present time t.


LCDM

Alternative form: ΛCDM

“L.C.D.M. is being put through its paces by precision tests coming at it from every direction,” Dr. Turner said.

2024 April 4, Dennis Overbye, quoting Michael Turner, “A Tantalizing ‘Hint’ That Astronomers Got Dark Energy All Wrong”, in Thew New York Times:

lambda cold dark matter (model)
w:Lambda-CDM model

(astrophysics) Short for lambda cold dark matter (model).


Randall-Sundrum model

Randall-Sundrum model (plural Randall-Sundrum models)

Proposed in 1999 by Lisa Randall and Raman Sundrum.

anti-de Sitter space
anti-de Sitter space

(physics) A model describing the universe as a five-dimensional anti-de Sitter space where the elementary particles (except the graviton) are localized on a (3 + 1)-dimensional brane or branes.


teapot effect

(fluid dynamics) The phenomenon whereby a liquid being poured from a container runs down the spout or the body of the container instead of flowing out in an arc.


superposition in time

(fluid dynamics) A computation accounting for the flowrate history in an analytical model that is generated to match with pressure-transient test data.


cosmic time

cosmic time (countable and uncountable, plural cosmic times)

(physics, cosmology) The measure of time by a physical clock with zero peculiar velocity in the absence of matter overdensities or underdensities; commonly used in the Big Bang models of physical cosmology.


energy payback time

energy payback time (countable and uncountable, plural energy payback times)

(physics) The amount of time required for a renewable energy system to generate the same amount of energy that was used to produce the system itself.


energy confinement time

energy confinement time (countable and uncountable, plural energy confinement times)

Coordinate term: energy replacement time

(physics) The amount of time required to dissipate the stored energy by a constant power loss.


energy replacement time

energy replacement time (countable and uncountable, plural energy replacement times)

Coordinate term: energy confinement time

(physics) The amount of time required to replace the stored energy by a constant power input.


background radiation equivalent time

background radiation equivalent time (countable and uncountable, plural background radiation equivalent times)

background radiation equivalent times (plural)

background radiation
background radiation

(physics) A unit of measurement of ionizing radiation dosage amounting to one day worth of average human exposure to background radiation.


centripetal acceleration

centripetal acceleration (plural centripetal accelerations)

(physics) acceleration due to centripetal force.


clearance time

clearance time (countable and uncountable, plural clearance times)

In Fig. 12.5.6A, for example, a fault occurring at point F is detected by the busbar protection which trips the circuit breaker. It is clear, therefore, that the fault will not be disconnected, except possibly by back-up protection involving a long clearance time.

1995, Electricity Training Association, Institution of Electrical Engineers, Power System Protection, page 50:

The amount of time it takes from the initiation of a process until it is completed.

(electricity, electronics) The amount of time from when a fault is detected to when a circuit is automatically reopened.


weak isospin

weak isospin (countable and uncountable, plural weak isospins)

From weak + isospin, "weak" referring to the weak interaction.

(physics) A quantum number or symmetry related to the weak interaction.


adjusted flow time

adjusted flow time (countable and uncountable, plural adjusted flow times)

(fluid dynamics) Of a well-test, a calculation of the cumulative well production since the last extended shut-in period, divided by the flowrate immediately before the moment a well is shut in for a buildup test.


coordinate time

Coordinate term: proper time

(physics) The time between two events as measured by an observer using that observer's own method of assigning a time to an event.


positrino

Coordinate term: electrino

(physics) A hypothetical positively-charged particle similar to a neutrino.


time-of-use rates

(electricity) A dynamic electric rate schedule that adjusts prices that are dependent on peak usage, as based on the time of day and season.


time-of-use meter

time-of-use meter (plural time-of-use meters)

(electricity) A device that measures and records the usage of electricity during a prespecified period of the day cumulatively over a meter reading period.


time-varying

(electricity, electronics) Referring to any voltage of a varying time, current or an electromagnetic wave carrying information.


time projection chamber

time projection chamber (plural time projection chambers)

(physics) A type of particle detector that uses a combination of electric fields and magnetic fields together with a sensitive volume of gas or liquid to perform a three-dimensional reconstruction of a particle trajectory or interaction.


time-ordered

(physics, mathematics) Of a definition, presenting information in a specific chronological order, starting from the earliest event or concept and moving forward in a sequential manner.


confinement time

confinement time (countable and uncountable, plural confinement times)

autoignition temperature
autoignition temperature

(nuclear physics) The amount of time the plasma is maintained at a temperature above the critical autoignition temperature; in this case the temperature needed to start a fusion.


time-frequency analysis

time-frequency representation
time-frequency representation

(electrical engineering, signal processing) A technique that studies a signal in both the time and frequency domains simultaneously, using various time-frequency representations.


time-frequency representation

time-frequency representation (countable and uncountable, plural time-frequency representations)

(electrical engineering, signal processing) A view of a signal, taken to be a function of time, represented over both time and frequency.


time stop

(optics, photography) A stop (mechanical part that adjusts an aperture or interval size) which operates on a timer.


signal processing

(electrical engineering) A subfield of electrical engineering focusing on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing signals, such as sound, images, potential fields, seismic signals, altimetry processing, and scientific measurements.


one-way light time

one-way light time (countable and uncountable, plural one-way light times)

(astronomy, astrophysics) The amount of time required for light or a radio signal to travel between the Earth and a celestial body.


mean free time

mean free time (countable and uncountable, plural mean free times)

(physics, mechanics) The average time between collisions of a molecule in a fluid.


thickening time

thickening time (countable and uncountable, plural thickening times)

(fluid dynamics) The total amount of time in which a cement slurry will remain in a fluid state under simulated downhole conditions and is capable of being pumped.


Hohlraum effect

(At least 1960s) From the German Hohlraum (“empty room”).

In a cavity with optically thick walls, or Hohlraum, a material surrounded in this cavity will achieve the same temperature in time as the surroundings and will become indistinguishable from the Hohlraum’s surrounding walls. It becomes indistinguishable because everything in and surrounding the cavity is emitting at the same temperature and also reflecting the emissions of the cavity. Since by Kirchhoff’s law emissivity + reflectivity = 1, everything in the cavity appears the same. … Another example of this Hohlraum effect can be seen in the process of ashing a chemical sample or firing clay in an oven. As everything in the oven comes to the same temperature, the individual objects inside the oven disappear and cannot be seen or at least are very hard to see. Radiatively, everything has to reach an equilibrium state where photons are continually absorbed or reflected and those absorbed are re-radiated, but all at the same blackbody temperature. Hence, everything optically blends together and contrast between the walls and the object effectively disappears. - Mitchell, Herbert J.; Salvaggio, Carl (2003); "The MWIR and LWIR Spectral Signatures of Water and Associated Materials" in Shen, Sylvia S.; and Lewis, Paul E. (ed.), Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery IX, vol. 5093, Proceedings of SPIE

(spectroscopy) Described by Herbert J. Mitchell and Carl Salvaggio as follows:


improper time

improper time (countable and uncountable, plural improper times)

(physics, quantum mechanics) A time interval that is not measured in the standard units of seconds, often used in theories such as relativity to describe time in a nonlinear or unconventional way.


transition time

transition time (countable and uncountable, plural transition times)

(electricity, electronics) The amount of time required for the switch output to settle within a given percentage of the final value following a change in the control input level.


thermal relaxation time

thermal relaxation time (countable and uncountable, plural thermal relaxation times)

(physics) The amount of time required for a target to dissipate its incident thermal energy.


slowing-down time

(physics) A form of time dilation, in which a clock slows down as determined by an observer who is in relative motion with respect to the clock, often when closely approaching the speed of light.


propagation time

propagation time (countable and uncountable, plural propagation times)

(electronics, electrical engineering) In a digital circuit, the amount of time required for a signal or wave to travel from one point of a transmission medium to another.


Poincaré recurrence time

Poincaré recurrence time (countable and uncountable, plural Poincaré recurrence times)

(mathematics, physics) Of certain systems, the total amount of time required for the system to revert to a state that is almost identical to its current state.


free-fall time

free-fall time (countable and uncountable, plural free-fall times)

(mechanics, physics) The characteristic amount of time required for a body to collapse under its own gravitational attraction, if no other forces exist to oppose the collapse.


lookahead time

lookahead time (countable and uncountable, plural lookahead times)

Lookahead distance is computed by measureing the distance from the vehicle to the farthest point ahead on the current lane estimate, and lookahead time is computed by dividing the lookahead distance by the vehicle's instantaneous speed.

2011, Yoky Matsuoka, Hugh Durrant-Whyte, Jose Neira, Robotics: Science and Systems VI, page 31:

(physics, sciences) The elapsed time of a subject reaching a given point.


polarization time

polarization time (countable and uncountable, plural polarization times)

nuclear magnetic resonance
nuclear magnetic resonance

(nuclear physics) The amount of time allocated for the alignment of the spins of an atom of hydrogen with the static magnetic field during a measurement of nuclear magnetic resonance.


T1 relaxation time

T1 relaxation time (countable and uncountable, plural T1 relaxation times)

Coordinate term: T2 relaxation time

net magnetization vector
net magnetization vector

(nuclear physics) The total amount of time required for the net magnetization vector to recover to its ground state in the direction of the main static magnetic field.


net magnetization vector

net magnetization vector (countable and uncountable, plural net magnetization vectors)

magnetic resonance imaging
magnetic resonance imaging

(nuclear physics) Of magnetic resonance imaging, the summation of all the magnetic moments of the individual hydrogen nuclei.


reverberation time

reverberation time (countable and uncountable, plural reverberation times)

(acoustics) The amount of time required for a sound to dissipate or decay in a closed space.


turn-off time

turn-off time (countable and uncountable, plural turn-off times)

Coordinate term: turn-on time

(electricity) The amount of time between the moment the anode current reaches zero and the moment the reverse voltage due to the practical circuit reaches zero.


turn-on time

turn-on time (countable and uncountable, plural turn-on times)

Coordinate term: turn-off time

(electricity) The amount of time required for a device to change from a forward blocking mode to a forward conduction mode when a gate pulse is applied.


integration time

integration time (countable and uncountable, plural integration times)

signal-to-noise ratio
signal-to-noise ratio

(electrical engineering) Of an electronic system, the period of time in which a noisy signal is averaged so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.

(optics) The duration of time in which a sensor collects and accumulates incoming light or signals.


decoherence time

decoherence time (countable and uncountable, plural decoherence times)

(quantum mechanics) The amount of time required for the coherence of a quantum state to be lost.


collision time

collision time (countable and uncountable, plural collision times)

(physics) Of any two particles, the time interval between the beginning of a timestep to the moment of their collision and is calculated from their initial positions and velocities.


T2 relaxation time

T2 relaxation time (countable and uncountable, plural T2 relaxation times)

Coordinate term: T1 relaxation time

(nuclear physics) The progressive dephasing of spinning dipoles which results in the decay of the magnetization in the transverse plane.


decay time

decay time (countable and uncountable, plural decay times)

(physics) The amount of time required for a collection of atoms of a specific radionuclide to decay to a fraction of the initial number, equivalent to 1/e, where e = 2.71828.


tunnelling time

tunnelling time (countable and uncountable, plural tunnelling times)

(physics) The amount of time required for the ground state to develop the underbarrier wavefunction components necessary to attain the static field ionization rate.


quantum coherence

quantum coherence (countable and uncountable, plural quantum coherences)

(physics) The ability of a quantum state to maintain its entanglement and superposition in the face of interactions and the effects of thermalization.


quantum decoherence

quantum decoherence (countable and uncountable, plural quantum decoherences)

(quantum mechanics) Synonym of decoherence


quantum interference

quantum interference (countable and uncountable, plural quantum interferences)

(physics, quantum mechanics) The instance of a subatomic particle interacting with and influencing itself and other particles while in a probabilistic superposition state.


Aharonov-Bohm effect

Aharonov-Bohm effect (plural Aharonov-Bohm effects)

Named after Yakir Aharonov and David Bohm, who published an analysis in 1959.

A quantum-mechanical phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle is affected by an electromagnetic potential, despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field and electric field are zero.


Askaryan effect

Askaryan effect (plural Askaryan effects)

Named after Soviet-Armenian physicist Gurgen Askaryan, who postulated it in 1962.

electromagnetic spectrum
electromagnetic spectrum

(particle physics) The phenomenon whereby a particle traveling faster than the phase velocity of light in a dense dielectric (such as salt, ice or the lunar regolith) produces a shower of secondary charged particles which contains a charge anisotropy and emits a cone of coherent radiation in the radio or microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum.


Askaryan radiation

(particle physics, uncommon) Synonym of Askaryan effect


Autler-Townes effect

Autler-Townes effect (plural Autler-Townes effects)

Named after American physicists Stanley Autler and Charles H. Townes who discovered the effect in 1955.

(physics) A dynamical Stark effect corresponding to the case when an oscillating electric field (e.g., that of a laser) is tuned in resonance (or close) to the transition frequency of a given spectral line, and resulting in a change of the shape of the absorption/emission spectra of that spectral line.


whispering-gallery wave

whispering-gallery wave (plural whispering-gallery waves)

(acoustics) A type of wave that can travel around a concave surface.


catapult effect

catapult effect (usually uncountable, plural catapult effects)

(electromagnetism) The phenomenon where a loose current-carrying wire is catapulted horizontally away in the presence of a magnetic field.


thorium dioxide

(inorganic chemistry) An oxide compound of thorium with the chemical formula ThO₂.


uranium trioxide

(inorganic chemistry) An oxide compound of uranium with the chemical formula UO₃.


uranium dioxide

(inorganic chemistry) An oxide compound of uranium with the chemical formula UO₂.


pull-up resistor

pull-up resistor (plural pull-up resistors)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pull-up resistor.wav

(electrical engineering) A resistor that is connected between a signal and a positive voltage supply in a circuit to ensure that the signal is at a defined logic level.


simple harmonic oscillator

simple harmonic oscillator (plural simple harmonic oscillators)

simple harmonic motion
simple harmonic motion

(physics, classical mechanics) an oscillator that undergoes simple harmonic motion


uranium nitrate

(inorganic chemistry) A nitrate salt of uranium with the chemical formula UO₂(NO₃)₂.


time-delay spectrometry

(engineering, acoustics) A method of measurement used to measure the system response of an electroacoustic system.


thorium chloride

(inorganic chemistry) An inorganic chloride compound of thorium with the chemical formula ShCl₄.


convective mixing time

convective mixing time (countable and uncountable, plural convective mixing times)

(physics, astronomy) The amount of time it takes for mixing to occur by convection.


Christiansen filter

Christiansen filter (plural Christiansen filters)

Named after Danish physicist Christian Christiansen.

(optics, uncommon) A narrow bandpass or monochromatic optical filter which consists of an optical cell which is filled with a crushed substance (e.g. glass) and a (mostly organic) liquid.


Christofilos effect

Named after Nicholas Christofilos who predicted the effect in 1957.

(particle physics, uncommon) The entrapment of electrons from nuclear weapons in the Earth's magnetic field.


Christiansen effect

Christiansen effect (plural Christiansen effects)

(optics) The reduced scattering of multi-phase microstructures at wavelengths where their refractive indices match.


Cotton-Mouton effect

Cotton-Mouton effect (plural Cotton-Mouton effects)

Named after Aimé Cotton and Henri Mouton who discovered the effect in 1905.

(physics, uncommon) The birefringence in a liquid in the presence of a constant transverse magnetic field.


Debye-Falkenhagen effect

Debye-Falkenhagen effect (plural Debye-Falkenhagen effects)

Named after Peter Debye and Hans Falkenhagen.

The increase in the conductivity of an electrolyte solution when the applied voltage has a very high frequency.


Efimov state

Named after Russian theoretical physicist Vitaly Efimov.

(quantum mechanics) Each of the infinitely many three-body bound states due to the interaction of three identical bosons, when a two-body state is exactly at the dissociation threshold.


Eötvös effect

(physics) The change in measured Earth's gravity caused by the change in centrifugal acceleration resulting from eastbound or westbound velocity.


Evershed effect

Evershed effect (plural Evershed effects)

Named after British astronomer John Evershed.

The radial flow of gas across the photospheric surface of the penumbra of sunspots from the inner border with the umbra towards the outer edge.


Forbush effect

Named after American physicist Scott E. Forbush.

coronal mass ejection
coronal mass ejection

(astrophysics) A rapid decrease in the observed galactic cosmic ray intensity following a coronal mass ejection.


free surface effect

free surface effect (plural free surface effects)

mechanical engineering
mechanical engineering

(physics, mechanical engineering) The tendency of liquids and liquid-like aggregates to move in response to changes in the attitude of a craft's cargo holds, decks, or liquid tanks in reaction to operator-induced motions (or sea states caused by waves and wind acting upon the craft).


free surface

(physics) The surface of a fluid that is subject to zero parallel shear stress (e.g. the interface between two homogeneous fluids).


Gibbs-Donnan effect

Gibbs-Donnan effect (plural Gibbs-Donnan effects)

Named after American Josiah Willard Gibbs who proposed it in 1878 and the British chemist Frederick G. Donnan who studied it experimentally in 1911.

(physical chemistry) The uneven distribution of charged particles across the two sides of a semipermeable membrane.

Frederick G. Donnan
Josiah Willard Gibbs


Gibbs-Thomson effect

Gibbs-Thomson effect (plural Gibbs-Thomson effects)

Named after Josiah Willard Gibbs and J. J. Thomson.

(thermodynamics) The variations in vapor pressure or chemical potential across a curved surface or interface.


Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect

Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect (plural Hanbury Brown-Twiss effects)

Named after Robert Hanbury Brown and Richard Q. Twiss.

(physics) Any of a variety of correlation and anticorrelation effects in the intensities received by two detectors from a beam of particles.


Gibbs-Thomson equation

Gibbs-Thomson equation (plural Gibbs-Thomson equations)

(thermodynamics) An equation for the structural depression in the freezing point or melting point in a confined geometry, in its compact form: Δ,T_m(x)=(k_GT)/x, where the Gibbs–Thomson coefficient k_GT assumes different values for different liquids and different interfacial geometries (e.g. spherical, cylindrical or planar).


Kautsky effect

(physics, biology) The variation in a plant fluorescence when exposed to light.


Kapitza-Dirac effect

Kapitza-Dirac effect (plural Kapitza-Dirac effects)

Named after Paul Dirac and Peter Kapitza who predicted the effect in 1933.

(quantum mechanics) The diffraction of matter by a standing wave of light.


Kaye effect

Named after British engineer Alan Kaye who first described the effect in 1963.

(fluid dynamics) A phenomenon where pouring a viscous mixture of an organic liquid onto a surface causes a jet of liquid to spout upward from the surface while merging with the descending one.


inert pair effect

inert pair effect (plural inert pair effects)

post-transition metal
post-transition metal

(chemistry) The tendency of the two electrons in the outermost atomic s-orbital to remain unshared in compounds of post-transition metals.


Klein-Nishina formula

Named after Oskar Klein and Yoshio Nishina who derived the equation in 1928.

quantum electrodynamics
quantum electrodynamics

(particle physics) A formula for the differential cross section of photons scattered from a single free electron, calculated in the lowest order of quantum electrodynamics: (dσ)/(dΩ)=1/2r_e²(λ/(λ'))²[λ/(λ')+(λ')/λ- sin ²(θ)], where r_e is the classical electron radius, λ/λ' is the ratio of the wavelengths of the incident and scattered photons, and θ is the scattering angle (0 for an undeflected photon).


knife-edge effect

knife-edge effect (plural knife-edge effects)

(quantum mechanics) A truncation of a portion of the incident radiation that strikes a sharp well-defined obstacle.


Kohn anomaly

(physics) An anomaly in the dispersion relation of a phonon branch in a metal.


Kondo effect

Named after Japanese theoretical physicist Jun Kondo.

(physics) The scattering of conduction electrons in a metal due to magnetic impurities, resulting in a characteristic change, that is, a minimum in electrical resistivity with temperature.


Lenard effect

Named after Philipp Lenard who proposed the idea in 1892.

(physics) The separation of electric charges (and ionization) accompanying the aerodynamic breakup of water droplets.


magneto-optic effect

magneto-optic effect (plural magneto-optic effects)

electromagnetic wave
electromagnetic wave

(electromagnetism, optics) The property changes (i.e. polarization, spectrum, phase, intensity) in an electromagnetic wave when it propagates through a medium that has been altered by the presence of a quasistatic magnetic field.


Malter effect

Named after American physicist Louis Malter.

(uncommon, physics) The establishment of a positive charge on the surface of a thin insulating layer due to the secondary emission of electrons following the exposure to ionizing radiation.


Miller effect

Named after John Milton Miller who discovered the effect.

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electronics, electrical engineering) The increase in the equivalent input capacitance of an inverting voltage amplifier due to amplification of the effect of capacitance between the amplifier's input and output terminals.


magneto-optic Kerr effect

magneto-optic Kerr effect (plural magneto-optic Kerr effects)

magneto-optic effect
magneto-optic effect

(electromagnetism) A magneto-optic effect in which light is reflected from a magnetized surface and may change both polarization and reflected intensity.

Faraday effect

similar phenomenon where light is transmitted through a magnetic material, not reflected from.


precedence effect

precedence effect (plural precedence effects)

(acoustics) The psychoacoustical phenomenon in which two versions of the same sound are presented separated by a sufficiently short time delay (below the listener's echo threshold), listeners perceive a single auditory event; its perceived spatial location is dominated by the location of the first-arriving sound (the first wavefront).


Stern-Gerlach experiment

the Stern-Gerlach experiment (canonical)

After its conception by Otto Stern in 1921, the experiment was first successfully conducted with Walther Gerlach in early 1922.

(quantum mechanics) An experiment demonstrating that the spatial orientation of angular momentum is quantized, and thus an atomic-scale system has intrinsically quantum properties.


quantum Zeno effect

Named after Zeno of Elea, in analogy to Zeno's arrow paradox.

(quantum mechanics) A feature of quantum-mechanical systems allowing a particle's time evolution to be slowed down by measuring it frequently enough with respect to some chosen measurement setting.


Okorokov effect

Okorokov effect (plural Okorokov effects)

Named after V. Okorokov who predicted the effect in 1965.

(uncommon, physics) The phenomenon in which heavy ions move in crystals under channeling conditions.


Ramsauer-Townsend effect

Ramsauer-Townsend effect (plural Ramsauer-Townsend effects)

Named after Carl Ramsauer and John Sealy Townsend.

(physics) A physical phenomenon involving the scattering of low-energy electrons by atoms of a noble gas.


Petkau effect

(uncommon) An early counterexample to linear-effect assumptions usually made about radiation exposure.


Schottky effect

Named after German physicist Walter H. Schottky.

condensed matter physics
condensed matter physics

(physics) A phenomenon in condensed matter physics related to an increase in electron emission from an emitter surface and a reduction in its surface barrier which changes the local work function by ΔW under the influence of a strong electric field applied in a vacuum.


Shapiro time delay

Named after Irwin I. Shapiro who predicted the effect in 1964.

(relativity) A time delay in the round trip travel time for radar signals passing near a massive object, caused by time dilation.


Shubnikov-de Haas effect

Named after Wander Johannes de Haas and Lev Shubnikov.

(physics) An oscillation in the conductivity of a material that occurs at low temperatures in the presence of very intense magnetic fields.


Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation

Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation (plural Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations)

Shubnikov-de Haas effect
Shubnikov-de Haas effect#English

(chiefly in the plural, physics) Synonym of Shubnikov-de Haas effect


spin Hall effect

spin Hall effect (plural spin Hall effects)

Named after American physicist Edwin Herbert Hall, who discovered the classical Hall effect, while its "spin" analogous phenomenon was predicted by Russian physicists Mikhail Dyakonov and Vladimir I. Perel in 1971

(physics) The appearance of spin accumulation on the lateral surfaces of an electric current-carrying sample, the signs of the spin directions being opposite on the opposing boundaries.


Voigt effect

Named after German scientist Woldemar Voigt who discovered the effect.

(optics, physics) A magneto-optical phenomenon which rotates and elliptizes linearly polarised light sent into an optically active medium.


Unruh effect

Named after W. G. Unruh who discribed the effect in 1976.

quantum field theory
quantum field theory

(physics) A theoretical prediction in quantum field theory that an observer who is uniformly accelerating through empty space will perceive a thermal bath.


spacetime metric

spacetime metric (plural spacetime metrics)

theory of relativity
theory of relativity

(physics, relativity) A mathematical tool used in the theory of relativity to describe the curvature of space and time.

(astrophysics) Any method used to measure the geometry of the universe.


Wien effect

Named after Lars Onsager who proposed a theoretical explanation of the phenomenon.

(physical chemistry) The experimentally-observed increase in ionic mobility or conductivity of electrolytes at very high gradient of electrical potential.


Weissenberg effect

Weissenberg effect (plural Weissenberg effects)

(fluid dynamics) A phenomenon that occurs when a spinning rod is inserted into a solution of elastic liquid. Instead of being thrown outward, the solution is drawn towards the rod and rises up around it.


Wigner effect

Named after Eugene Wigner who discovered the effect.

(physics) The displacement of atoms in a solid caused by neutron radiation.


Wilson-Bappu effect

Named after Olin Chaddock Wilson and Vainu Bappu.

absolute visual magnitude
absolute magnitude

(astronomy, spectroscopy) The correlation between the measured width of the calcium II K emission line and the absolute visual magnitude of a star.


Hamilton-Jacobi equation

Hamilton-Jacobi equation (plural Hamilton-Jacobi equations)

Named after William Rowan Hamilton and Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi.

(mathematics, physics) A mathematical formulation of classical mechanics in which the motion of a particle can be represented as a wave.

Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi
William Rowan Hamilton


Yarkovsky effect

Named after Polish-Russian civil engineer Ivan Yarkovsky.

(astrophysics) A force acting on a rotating body in space caused by the anisotropic emission of thermal photons, which carry momentum.


spin magnetic moment

spin magnetic moment (plural spin magnetic moments)

(physics, electromagnetism) The part of the magnetic moment of an object that originates from its spin, rather than its movement, in which the magnetic field is generated when an electron rotates on its axis.


Abrikosov lattice

Abrikosov lattice (plural Abrikosov lattices)

(physics) A lattice formed by the vortices of type II superconductors fluxons.


Archimedes number

Archimedes number (plural Archimedes numbers)

Named after Archimedes of Syracuse (c. 287 – c. 212 BC), a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer.

(fluid dynamics) A dimensionless number used to determine the motion of fluids due to density differences, defined as the ratio of gravitational forces to viscous forces: Ar=(gL³(ρ-ρ_ℓ)/(ρ_ℓ))/(ν²)=(gL³ρ_ℓ(ρ-ρ_ℓ))/(μ²)\, where g is the local external field, L is the characteristic length of body, (ρ-ρ_ℓ)/(ρ_ℓ) is the submerged specific gravity, ρ_ℓ is the density of the fluid, ρ is the density of the body, ν=μ/(ρ_ℓ) is the kinematic viscosity, and μ is the dynamic viscosity.


Potts model

statistical mechanics
statistical mechanics

(statistical mechanics) A model of interacting spins on a crystalline lattice, considered a generalization of the Ising model.


Bagnold number

(physics, uncommon) The ratio of grain collision stresses to viscous fluid stresses in a granular flow with interstitial Newtonian fluid: Ba=(ρd²λ^(1/2)̇γ)/μ, where ρ is the particle density, d is the grain diameter, ̇γ is the shear rate, μ is the dynamic viscosity of the interstitial fluid and λ is the linear concentration.


Atwood number

(fluid dynamics) A dimensionless number used in the study of hydrodynamic instabilities in density stratified flows: A=(ρ₁-ρ₂)/(ρ₁+ρ₂), where ρ₁ is the density of the heavier fluid and ρ₂ is the density of the lighter fluid.


Babinet's principle

Named after French physicist Jacques Babinet.

(physics) A principle that states that the diffraction pattern from an opaque body is identical to that from a hole of the same size and shape except for the overall forward beam intensity.


Bejan number

(thermodynamics) A dimensionless number: the ratio of heat transfer irreversibility to total irreversibility due to heat transfer and fluid friction: Be=(̇S'_(gen,,ΔT))/(̇S'_(gen,,ΔT)+̇S'_(gen,,Δp)), where ̇S'_(gen,,ΔT) is the entropy generation contributed by heat transfer and ̇S'_(gen,,Δp) is the entropy generation contributed by fluid friction.

(fluid dynamics) A dimensionless number: the pressure drop along the fluid path length in both external flows and internal flows: Be_L=(Δp,L²)/(μν), where μ is the dynamic viscosity, ν is the momentum diffusivity (or Kinematic viscosity) and L is fluid path length.


Rayleigh-Bénard convection

Rayleigh-Bénard convection (countable and uncountable, plural Rayleigh-Bénard convections)

Named after Henri Bénard and John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh

(physics) A type of natural convection, occurring in a planar horizontal layer of fluid heated from below, in which the fluid develops a regular pattern of convection cells known as Bénard cells.

Henri Bénard
John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh


Bénard cell

Rayleigh-Bénard convection
Rayleigh-Bénard convection

(physics) A convection cell developed from a Rayleigh-Bénard convection.


CHSH inequality

CHSH inequality (plural CHSH inequalities)

Named after John Clauser, Michael Horne, Abner Shimony, and Richard Holt, who described it in a much-cited paper published in 1969.

(physics) An inequality used in the proof of Bell's theorem: |S|≤2,, where S=E(a,b)-E(a,b')+E(a',b)+E(a',b').

Abner Shimony
John Clauser
Michael Horne (physicist)
Richard Holt (physicist)


Breit-Wheeler pair production

Breit-Wheeler pair production (uncountable)

Breit-Wheeler process
Breit-Wheeler process#English

(physics) Synonym of Breit-Wheeler process


Breit-Wheeler process

Breit-Wheeler process (plural Breit-Wheeler processes)

Described theoretically by Gregory Breit and John A. Wheeler in 1934.

(physics) A proposed physical process in which a positron-electron pair is created from the collision of two photons; the simplest mechanism by which pure light can be potentially transformed into matter.


running coupling

running coupling (plural running couplings)

(physics) A coupling whose strength measurement appears to deviate from its true value as the energy scale at which it is probed shrinks, the deviation being a consequence of higher-order interaction terms and associated renormalization issues becoming relevant; metaphorically, a coupling whose strength "runs" from its limiting macroscopic value.


grey alien

(science fiction or ufology) An archetypical humanoid alien, usually described as having grey skin, elongated, hairless, sexless features, and a large head with bulbous black eyes; chiefly associated with flying saucers, alien abductions and conspiracy theories relating to cover-ups by the United States government, such as Area 51.


Wigner

Attestation is claimed of the surname in 14th-century England (Yorkshire) (i.e., in the Middle English period); apparently from Anglo-Saxon (Old English). Compare Wagner, Wagoner.

A surname from Anglo-Saxon or other Germanic

(physics, attributive usage) Hungarian-born American physicist Eugene Wigner.


let through

en-verb

let through (third-person singular simple present lets through, present participle letting through, simple past and past participle let through)

lets through (present singular third-person)
letting through (participle present)
let through (participle past)
let through (past)

(electricity, of a surge protector) To allow an amount of voltage to pass through to the attached equipment.


dark-zilla

From dark + -zilla. From being the dark sector version of WIMPzilla. Coined by Katherine Freese and Martin Wolfgang Winkler in 2023.

(physics, cosmology) Theoretical extremely massive dark matter particle, orders of magnitude greater than 10¹⁰ GeV (gigaelectronvolts), thought to be generated by a vacuum phase change event, where rapidly colliding collapsing bubbles of false vacuum generate the particles in energetic collisions.


quark nugget

(physics) A theoretical extremely dense composite particle composed of quarks, with densities greater than nuclear density.


faster than light

en-adj

faster than light (comparative form only)

Alternative form of faster-than-light (see usage note on said article).


mushroom head

(engineering, mechanics) Of a mechanical device, any component which resembles the cap of a mushroom.


light matter

(physics, informal, uncommon) Any form of matter that is not dark matter.


multiversally

en-adv

multiversally (comparative more multiversally, superlative most multiversally)

more multiversally (comparative)
most multiversally (superlative)

The mission is critical but need not be rushed. The storm has been brewing for several weeks, and will not reach multiversally devastating proportions for a few months.

1980, TSR, Frank Mentzer, Dungeons & Dragons 1st Edition: The Immortal Storm Complete, Rainbow Communications, →ISBN, page 25:

I have no knowledge of any Project 616,” I say. "I can only conjecture. Let me think.. .'616' is the multiversally agreed designature of this Universe.”

2014, Dan Abnett, Rocket Raccoon and Groot: Steal the Galaxy!: An Original Novel of the Marvel Universe, Marvel Worldwide, →ISBN, page 148:

Our answer: Well, duh! Multiversally, baby.

2016, Linda Varsell Smith, Star Stuff: A Soul-Splinter Experiences the Cosmos, Rainbow Communications, →ISBN, page 25:

(rare, physics, science fiction, fantasy, cosmology) In a multiversal manner.


superprojectile

He knew the cause—tons of khatonite were being turned out where only pounds had been required before—tons of high explosive that were to be transported in those dread superprojectiles to congested centres of population all over the world.

1932, Bob Olsen, Earl Repp, William Lemkin, Amazing Stories, page 698:

The six submarines, of a type now maneuvering off the coast, are shown surfaced off enemy coast line launching superprojectiles, guided from sub conning towers to targets as far as 500 miles inland.

1950, Donald Goldsmith, Los Angeles Times, Volume 69, page 3:

t. The comet or asteroid would part the - atmosphere like a superprojectile, leaving a hole through the air as wide as itself.

1985, Donald Goldsmith, Nemesis: The Death-Star and Other Theories of Mass Extinction, Walker, →ISBN, page 144:

Picture an onrushing comet or asteroid that approaches Earth at a relative velocity between 10 and 50 kilometers per second, so that the object arrives from the moon's distance in a matter of a few hours— not much of a warning even if anything were to done about it. The comet or asteroid would part the atmosphere like a superprojectile, leaving a hole through the air as wide as itself. Even though air rushes back into the hole at the speed of sound, it would taken tens of seconds for the hole to disappear.

1987, Thomas R. McDonough, Space: The Next Twenty-Five Years, Wiley, →ISBN, page 134:

(rare, firearms, physics) A superior projectile; a supershot.


self-sustenance

We are all for utility; and it would be ‘well that it should be so, if, like the boar of the forest, which delves up the flower to get at the root, we had no instincts beyond those of self-sustenance. But, as we have the immortal power of imagination, we are bound to provide nutriment for that celestial part of us, not less than for that which we hold in common with the brutes.

1830, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine 1830-02: Volume 27, Issue 162, Blackwood Pillans and Wilson, page 262:

This and other institutions have considered these questions anxiously and ceaselessly. They have endeavored to shape their plans of education and training for the future good, and, as far as possible, to secure the self-sustenance of their pupils.

1832, Perkins School for the Blind, Annual Report, Charles B. Slack, page 15:

The propensities have all reference to self-sustenance, self-gratification, or self-aggrandizement, and do not give rise to a single feeling of disinterested love or regard for the happiness of other beings. Even the domestic affections, wThen acting independently of the moral sentiments, prompt us to seek only a selfish gratification, without regard to the welfare of the beings who afford it.

1842, George Combe, Moral Philosophy, W. H. Colyer, page 168:

The enormous expense of supporting fourteen hundred persons — about one-five-hundredth part of the whole population of this commonwealth — in a state of idiocy : and 2d, the motives of humanity, to give, if possible, to these wretched creatures some idea of responsible life, some means and power of self-sustenance, and some self-respect.

1849, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, Charles B. Slack, page 440:

When Sir Peregrine asked her whether he should seat her on the sofa, she slowly picked herself up, and, with her head still crouching toward the ground, placed herself where she before had been sitting. He had been afraid that she would have fainted, but she was not one of those women whose nature easily admits of such relief as that. Though she was always pale in color and frail-looking, there was within her a great power of self-sustenance. She was a woman who with a good cause might have dared any thing.

1850, Henry Mills Alden, Harper's new monthly magazine, Harper & Brothers, page 640:

(physics, rare, fantasy, science fiction, biology) The independent sustenance of oneself, such as not requiring much oxygen to breathe or food to eat and liquids to drink like average species.


intermediate mass black hole

en-noun

intermediate mass black hole (plural intermediate mass black holes)

(astrophysics, cosmology) A class of a black hole with a mass in the range of 102–105 solar masses.


eternal black hole

eternal black hole (plural eternal black holes)

(astrophysics, cosmology) A theoretical idealization of a usually stationary black hole that has existed forever, rather than being formed from the collapse of some matter.


stellar black hole

stellar black hole (plural stellar black holes)

gravitational collapse
gravitational collapse

(astrophysics, cosmology) A black hole formed by the gravitational collapse of a star.


micro black hole

micro black hole (plural micro black holes)

(astrophysics, cosmology) A hypothetical tiny black hole, of less than one solar mass, for which quantum mechanical effects play an important role.


BZ black hole

An initialism of Roger Blandford and Roman Znajek, theoretical astrophysicists.

The 'Blandford-Znajek' (BZ) black hole magnetospheric power extraction process was one of the first (1977) analytic attempts to define a general relativistic theory for axisymmetric, stationary, ideal-MHD, BH magnetospheres.

2002, Chang-Hwan Lee, Hŏn-yŏng Chang (editors), Current High-energy Emission Around Black Holes, page 36:

(astrophysics, cosmology) A rotating black hole that extracts energy from its rotation and magnetic fields to emit a jet of particles and radiation.


slow light

slow light (countable and uncountable, plural slow lights)

(physics, optics) The propagation of an optical pulse or other modulation of an optical carrier at a very low group velocity.


heat-seeking

(physics) Of a device, able to detect a source of infrared radiation.


time domain electromagnetics

time domain electromagnetics (uncountable)

(physics, engineering) A group of techniques that describe electromagnetic wave motion.


time-domain reflectometer

time-domain reflectometer (plural time-domain reflectometers)

(physics, electronics) An electronic instrument used to determine the characteristics of electrical lines by observing reflected pulses.


time-domain reflectometry

(physics, electronics) A technique used to track faults in networks, such as cable breaks or loose connections, in which a pulse of a known shape is transmitted over the network and an echo is created when the pulse strikes an obstacle or cable end.


frequency domain

frequency domain (plural frequency domains)

(mathematics, physics, electronics) The analysis of mathematical functions or signals with respect to frequency, and possibly a phase, rather than time.


power scaling

power scaling (countable and uncountable, plural power scalings)

Fiber lasers and fiber amplifiers are one of the most promising solid state laser concepts and find widespread applications that require efficient, rugged and compact optical sources. However, powerscaling in conventional stepindex single-mode fibers is restricted.

2002, J. Limpert, H. Zellmer, A. Tünnermann, T. Pertsch, F. Lederer, “Suppression of higher order modes in a multimode fiber amplifier using efficient gain-loss-management (GLM)”, in Martin E. Fermann, Larry R. Marshall, editors, Advanced Solid-State Lasers (OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics; 68), Washington, D.C.: Optical Society of America, →DOI, →ISBN, page 112:

(optics) The act of increasing the output power of a laser without changing the geometry, shape, or principle of operation.


spider lightning

One evening while working, Michael Peterson found himself staring at an enormous spider. But Peterson, a remote sensing scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory, wasn’t looking at a critter of the eight-legged variety. Instead the form crawling across his screen was a monstrous flash of so-called spider lightning—a twisting network of light stretching hundreds of miles across stormy skies. The events highlighted in this latest study are what’s known as spider lightning. While you may envision lightning as largely vertical, spider lightning races horizontally through the clouds.

2019 August 22, Maya Wei-Haas, “Record-breaking lightning as long as Kansas spotted”, in National Geographic:

Very long flashes of lightning (tens or sometimes hundreds of kilometers long) that travel horizontally across the sky, tapping extensive pools of electrical charge in the clouds, particular once a CG (cloud-to-ground) channel is established.


Bragg plane

Bragg plane (countable and uncountable, plural Bragg planes)

(physics) A plane in reciprocal space which bisects a reciprocal lattice vector, scriptstyle mathbf K, at right angles.


SVET

w:scanning vibrating electrode technique

Initialism of scanning vibrating electrode technique.


thermonuclear war

thermonuclear war (countable and uncountable, plural thermonuclear wars)

A nuclear war, assuming at least some of the bombs are thermonuclear.


diabaticity

(physics, physical chemistry) The condition of being diabatic; A measure of the extent to which a process is diabatic.


inertial reference

The SSM inertial reference sensors (star trackers (ST) and/or coarse sun sensors (CSS)) are not suitable as a tracking reference for the FSM for two reasons.

2000, Jim Bernard Breckinridge, Peter Jakobsen, UV, Optical, and IR Space Telescopes and Instruments, page 926:

In order to achieve an inertial line-of-sight angle measurement most EO/IR missiles use gyroscopic motion within their seeker head, so that the gyroscopic inertia (i.e. angular momentum) provides an inertial reference that may be translated into stabilisation.

2004, David Titterton, John L. Weston, Strapdown Inertial Navigation Technology, page 483:

In spite of the planet is moving along a circular path, it is physically stationary and undergoes no acceleration in the local inertial reference.

2017, Jacob Schaf, The True Origin of the Gravitational Dynamics, page 71:

inertial frame of reference
inertial frame of reference

(physics) An inertial frame of reference.


UFOer

unidentified flying object
unidentified flying object#English

(ufology, uncommon) Initialism of unidentified flying object experiencer (“a person who has witnessed a UFO or has established contact with its alien occupants”).


line drop

(electricity) A drop in voltage between two points of a transmission line.


monoclinicity

The weak coupling between the structural monoclinicity and the vestigial nematicity should not impact the physics of interest.

(crystallography) the state of being monoclinic


Jablochkoff candle

Yablochkov candle
Yablochkov candle#English


time-reverse

en-verb

time-reverse (third-person singular simple present time-reverses, present participle time-reversing, simple past and past participle time-reversed)

time-reverses (present singular third-person)
time-reversing (participle present)
time-reversed (participle past)
time-reversed (past)

It is compatible with the time-reversal noninvariance of the laws that the universe be such that the universe that consists of just its states at a time in reverse temporal order, without even time-reversing the states themselves, is a possible physical universe.

1977, Lawrence Sklar, Space, Time, and Spacetime, page 401:

The records of the waveforms are then transmitted to a central server that time-reverses them and lets the time-reversed versions back-propagate into the location domain by numerical simulation.

2017, Farhad Rachidi, Marcos Rubinstein, Mario Paolone (editors), Electromagnetic Time Reversal - Application to EMC and Power Systems:

Time-reverse all motions and the three will return at the same instant to the starting point.

2020, Martin Gardner, Wheels, Life and Other Mathematical Amusements, page 134:

(transitive, philosophy, physics) To subject something to a transformation in which the passage of time and all of its velocities are theorized to be reversed.


time reversal mirror

en-noun

time reversal mirror (countable and uncountable, plural time reversal mirrors)

(physics) A device that uses a transducer to sample, to reverse in time, and to reemit an acoustic field or another type of wave.


time reversal invariance

time reversal invariance (countable and uncountable, plural time reversal invariances)

(physics) The principle that if a sequence of events is possible, then the same sequence is also possible in the reverse order.


T-symmetry

(physics) The theoretical symmetry of physical laws under the transformation of time reversal, :T:t↦-t..


quadium

(physics, rare) Alternative form of quadrium


flexomagnetism

This project will explore various effects of flexomagnetism.

(physics) Magnetism produced by bending a material or from a strain gradient


hydrocluster

(physics) A theoretical cluster of suspension particles that cause shear thickening.


acoustic traveltime

acoustic traveltime (countable and uncountable, plural acoustic traveltimes)

(physics) The amount of time it takes for a signal to travel from a source through the Earth and return to a receiver.


Terrell rotation

Terrell rotation (countable and uncountable, plural Terrell rotations)

(relativity) The visual distortion (resembling a rotation) that a passing object travelling at a significant fraction of the speed of light exhibits.


chaotic map

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chaotic map.wav

(mathematics, physics) a chaotic map is a map (an evolution function) that exhibits some sort of chaotic behavior.


initial condition

initial condition (plural initial conditions)

(mathematics, physics) In dynamical system, an initial condition is the value of a variable at a specific time, also known as a seed value.


contactive

Articulate sounds, when made pulsative, are heard aloud; when made merely contactive, without vibration of the windpipe, they produce a whisper.

1843, Smith Bartlett Goodenow, An Essay on English Grammar, page 12:

(physics, of sound) Produced by the contact of air with an object (such as the sound produced by blowing over the lip of a bottle), as opposed to being produced by vibrations on the part of an object.


-tomous

Possibly analogical to acrotomous, from Ancient Greek ἀκρότομος (akrótomos, “cut off sharp”), ultimately from Ancient Greek τόμος (tómos, “slice, something cut”).

der

(mineralogy, crystallography) Describes the cleavage of minerals


chain drill

(mechanics) A drilling tool that is driven by a rotating chain with attached drill bits or teeth to bore holes.


Boyle-Mariotte law

From Robert Boyle, Irish natural philosopher, and French physicist Edme Mariotte.


Maxwell time

(physics) Dynamic viscosity divided by shear modulus, a value that characterizes the relaxation of stress in a viscoelastic material after it has been deformed.


belt track

It has been found that by simply substituting a belt track for an undercarriage with wheels in tandem, the unit load on the ground can be halved without increasing the bulk of the undercarriage.

Figure III shows the Terrapin, a belt-track vehicle designed to transport cargo over very difficult terrain.

1962, Science, Technology, and Development, page 141:

Comparing the traction capabilities of a rubber belt track with wheeled equipment tires.

2017, Owen C. Duffy, Gus Wright, Scott A. Heard, Fundamentals of Mobile Heavy Equipment:

(mechanics, engineering) A continuous track used to propel vehicles that drive on difficult terrain.