gravitational wave

gravitational wave (plural gravitational waves)

It is therefore apparent that the existence of gravitational waves can be deduced from general relativity just as the existence of electromagnetic waves can be deduced from Maxwell's theory.

1941, Leopold Infeld, Quest: The Evolution of a Scientist, New York, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran & Co., →OCLC, page 261:

It might be anticipated that a pulsating star, such as a Cepheid is believed to be, would emit gravitational waves abundantly; but when the question is examined analytically, this expectation is not confirmed.

1949, Edmund [Taylor] Whittaker, From Euclid to Eddington: A Study of Conceptions of the External World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →OCLC, page 119:

Fourth, there exists a strong competition on the side of purely astronomical means for indirect detection of gravitational waves.

2003, John W. Mason, editor, Astrophysics Update, Berlin: Springer-Verlag; Chichester, West Sussex: Praxis Publishing, →ISBN, page 282:

A gravitational-wave detector exploits the physical effects of a gravitational wave on bodies to detect the waves. A gravitational wave detector may, for example, monitor the separation between two freely falling bodies; as a gravitational wave passes, the two bodies will experience a tidal acceleration relative to each other.

2011, Jolien D[onald] E[arl] Creighton with Warren G. Anderson, “Gravitational Waves”, in Gravitational-Wave Physics and Astronomy: An Introduction to Theory, Experiment and Data Analysis, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, →ISBN:

Physicists have announced the discovery of gravitational waves, ripples in spacetime first anticipated by Albert Einstein a century ago. “We have detected gravitational waves. We did it,” said David Reitze, executive director of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (Ligo), at a press conference in Washington.

2016 February 11, Tim Radford, “Gravitational waves: discovery hailed as breakthrough of the century: Scientists announce discovery of clear gravitational wave signal, ripples in spacetime first predicted by Albert Einstein”, in The Guardian, London:

(relativity) A fluctuation in spacetime caused by accelerating mass, which propagates as a wave at the speed of light.

موجة ثقالية

fluctuation in spacetime that propagates as a wave at the speed of light

These layers also permit visual observation of the well-known "gravitational waves," which were suggested by Helmholtz and have been investigated theoretically at some length. It is frequently suggested that these atmospheric waves may be connected with signal fading.

1951, Donald E. Kerr, editor, Propagation of Short Radio Waves [IEE Electromagnetic Waves Series; 24], London: Peter Peregrinus Ltd on behalf of The Institution of Electrical Engineers, →ISBN, page 346:

It is difficult to see whether a sufficient amount of energy is communicated to the sea by the air masses directly in the form of compressional waves or it is transmitted or increased by the action of gravitational waves.

1953, J[ohan] G[erard Jozef] Scholte, “On Theories of the Origin of Microseisms”, in James T. Wilson, editor, Symposium on Microseisms: Held at Arden House Harriman N.Y. 4–6 September 1952 [Publication (National Research Council); 306], Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, →OCLC, page 124:

In the used model sound waves and external gravitational waves have been filtered; combined inertial-internal gravitational waves, however, are still included in the equations.

1959, K. Hinkelmann, “Ein numerisches Experiment mit den primitiven Gleichungen”, in Bert Bolin, editor, The Atmosphere and the Sea in Motion: Scientific Contributions to the Rossby Memorial Volume, New York, N.Y.: The Rockefeller Institute Press in association with Oxford University Press, →OCLC, abstract, page 486:


polynucleotidase

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of polynucleotides to form oligonucleotides and eventually simple nucleotides.


steady state

(physics) Any state that does not change over time, or is in a dynamic equilibrium.


hyperdrive

The ship's hyperdrive had failed, leaving them stranded years from any repair base.

(science fiction) A spaceship engine that allows faster-than-light travel by entering hyperspace.


g-force

en-noun

g-force (countable and uncountable, plural g-forces)

The acceleration of a body, relative to the freefall acceleration due to any local gravitational field, expressed in multiples of g0 (the mean acceleration due to gravity at the Earth's surface).


heat sink

(thermodynamics) An object, system or environment that absorbs and dissipates heat from objects in thermal contact (either direct or radiant) with it.

(thermodynamics) A place toward which the heat moves in a system.

(thermodynamics) A material capable of absorbing heat.


chemiosmosis

chemiosmosis (countable and uncountable, plural chemiosmoses)

(biochemistry, physical chemistry) Any chemical reaction that occurs through an intervening semipermeable membrane, especially through a membrane in a biological cell


radium hydroxide

(inorganic chemistry) The strong base Ra(OH)₂ obtained when radium reacts with water; it has no commercial use


positron emission tomography

positron emission tomography (countable and uncountable, plural positron emission tomographies)

(medicine) A medical imaging technique which detects the gamma rays produced by positrons emitted from injected radionuclides.

正电子发射计算机断层扫描

zhèngdiànzǐ fāshè jìsuànjī duàncéng sǎomiáo


quasistatic

en-adj

quasistatic (comparative more quasistatic, superlative most quasistatic)

more quasistatic (comparative)
most quasistatic (superlative)

(physics) In a state of dynamic equilibrium


power trip

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-power trip.wav

A power trip has shut down production from the Ophir field offshore Malaysia, according to a report by energy portal OffshoreEnergyToday.com.

2018 January 9, Surin Murugiah, “Power trip shuts down Ophir field offshore Malaysia, says report”, in The Edge Markets, retrieved 2023-08-17:

A power trip is when the circuit breakers in your house cut off power in one area or the entirety of your house.

(Malaysia, Singapore) A power outage or a blackout, when an electrical device or system suddenly stops working.


attophysics

(physics) The branch of physics concerned with dynamic processes that take place with a time resolution of the order of attoseconds


dawn chorus

/dɔːn ˈkɔːɹəs/

[T]he dawn chorus usually has a characteristic chirpy sound, but at times changes into a hiss not unlike tube noise. […] Several investigators, including the author, have at times noticed a tendency for the dawn chorus to change intensity for a short period immediately following some lightning strokes. This may indicate a change in propagation conditions due to the electromagnetic or ionization effect of the strokes.

1956 September 14, Harold E. Dinger, “The Dawn Chorus”, in Whistling Atmospherics (NRL Report; 4825), Washington, D.C.: Naval Research Laboratory, →OCLC, page 14:

It is known that chorus, or ‘dawn chorus’, exhibits a pronounced diurnal variation in its occurrence and that different stations show different local times for the diurnal maxima. These maxima have been shown to be a function of geomagnetic latitude […]

1960 January 9, Joseph H. Pope, “Effect of Latitude on Diurnal Maximum of ‘Dawn Chorus’”, in Nature: A Weekly Journal of Science, volume 185, number 4706, London: Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, →OCLC, page 87, column 1:

The frequency spectrum (Fig. 1) includes micropulsations (Pₜ, P_c, LP_c, PP, SIP, IPDP), gyromagnetic resonances, Schumann resonance, solar whistlers[…], dawn chorus, hiss, whistlers and sferics.

1964, D[avid] F[ranklin] Bleil, “Introductory Talk”, in D. F. Bleil, editor, Natural Electromagnetic Phenomena below 30 kc/s: Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute Held in Bad Homburg, Germany, July 22 – August 2, 1963, New York, N.Y.: Plenum Press, →OCLC, page 2:

Both authors used data from other stations to show that the time of maximum dawn chorus activity increased with geomagnetic latitude. [G. McK.] Allcock argued that this characteristic could be related to the precipitation of positively charged solar particles that might produce the dawn chorus by exciting proton plasma oscillations in the outer ionosphere. These oscillations would then reach the earth in the whistler mode.

1965, Robert A. Helliwell, “History”, in Whistlers and Related Ionospheric Phenomena, Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, published 2006, →ISBN, page 21:

Alvin Lucier's (US) Sferics (1980) is a recording ot electromagnetic "tweaks," "bonks," and "swishes" originating in the ionosphere, the result of self-immolating meteorites, the dawn chorus, and the Aurora Borealis.

2006, Nicolas Collins, “Circuit Sniffing: Using Radios and Coils to Eavesdrop on Hidden Electromagnetic Music”, in Handmade Electronic Music: The Art of Hardware Hacking, New York, N.Y.; London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 12:

(electromagnetism, radio) Radio interference sometimes experienced at sunrise.

aamukuoro

radio interference sometimes experienced at sunrise


hodograph

(physics, mathematics) A curve described by the moving extremity of a line whose other end is fixed, this line being constantly parallel to the direction of motion of, and having its length constantly proportional to the velocity of, a point moving in any path; used in investigations respecting central forces.


aq

(physical chemistry) Abbreviation of aqueous solution.


cyclooxygenase

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymes that catalyze a cyclooxygenation reaction, but especially the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins (prostanoids); their inhibition is the mode of action of the NSAIDs aspirin and ibuprofen.


bioplastic

Coordinate term: biopolymer

A bioplastic can be defined as a polymer that is manufactured into a commercial product from a natural source or renewable resource. A bioplastic can be biodegradable, but a biodegradable plastic does not mean the material was derived fully or in part from a biological source.

2012, Alfred Rudin, Phillip Choi, The Elements of Polymer Science and Engineering, Academic Press, →ISBN, page 521:

en:synthetic polymer made from renewable biomass

Any form of synthetic polymer, similar to normal plastic, made from renewable biomass sources such as plant sugars, starches, or oils, rather than from petroleum.


twin paradox

From the thought experiment conducted by Albert Einstein, in which one of a pair of twins sets off in a spaceship on a trip at high speed, and due to the effects of relativity, his effective clock ticks slower than the twin who remains at home, not encountering relativistic effects, so that when the spacetraveller twin returns home to compare clocks, the spacetraveller will have experienced less elapsed time than the homebody, thus having aged less than the homebody twin and being younger.


clock paradox

(relativity) The phenomenon in which two observers who start together with identical clocks, follow different timelines, and then rejoin can have different elapsed times on their clocks, especially if one travels at a relativistic speed.


scale invariance

(physics, mathematics) a feature of objects or laws that do not change if length scales (or energy scales) are multiplied by a common factor.


plasmonics

(physics) A proposed analogy to electronics using plasmons


glycosyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glycosyl groups between biological molecules, especially during the biosynthesis of glycoproteins


flyby

The upcoming flyby of Halley's comet is expected to provide new information on the nature of the comet.

Farthest from the dim red dwarf Ondeste, the ice dwarf Maisuth has attracted no interest beyond a cursory flyby by automated probe in 1874. No significant resources were noted.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Maisuth, Ondeste System:

A flight past a celestial object in order to make observations.


conformal optics

(optics) A method of designing optical systems in which the conformation of the lenses is chosen to optimize its interaction with the local environment


Compton scattering

Named after American physicist Arthur Compton (1892–1962).

named-after

(physics) The increase in the wavelength, and corresponding decrease in the energy, of photons (especially of X-rays and gamma rays) when scattered by interaction with matter


conformational analysis

en-noun

conformational analysis (plural conformational analyses)

(physical chemistry) The study of the arrangement in space of the constituent atoms of a molecule that may undergo rotation about one or more single bonds


conformational isomerism

(physical chemistry) A form of isomerism in which isomers differ in the conformation of the molecule due to rotation of atoms about one or more single bonds


confocal

(optics, mathematics) Having the same foci


milab

1996, Helmut Lammer Ph.D. Preliminary Findings Of Project MILAB: Evidence For Military Kidnappings Of Alleged UFO Abductees published at The Alien Jigsaw, Mind Control Forums and on many other web sites.
Recently, some UFO abductees have reported that they have also been kidnapped by military intelligence personnel (MILAB) and taken to hospitals and/or military facilities, some of which are described as being underground.

1999, A letter from Dr. Helmut Lammer of the Austrian Space Agency to Dr. Steven Greer of the Disclosure Project, published in Greer, Steven M. Extraterrestrial Contact: The Evidence and Implications. Crossing Point Inc, →ISBN, page 8.
I will send you today a copy of the MILAB (Military Abductions) manuscript for review.

Military Abductions (MILABS)
Abductions conducted by members of the U.S. military for the purposes of either learning what happened to real alien abductees or as part of a military or CIA "mind control" program.

2004, Encyclopedic entry in William J. Birnes The UFO Magazine UFO Encyclopedia: The Most Comprehensive Single-Volume UFO Reference in Print, Pocket Books, page 215

Whatever the answer might be, the idea of military involvement in abductions became a standard feature of the abduction scenario by the mid-1990s and, like the subject of implants, became a specialized focus for an on-going study by a small group of ufologists who formed Project MILAB.

2003, Brenda Denzler, The Lure of the Edge: Scientific Passions, Religious Beliefs, and the Pursuit of UFOs, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 62:

A deceitful military operation performed to convince the targets of the operation that they have had an encounter with extraterrestrial beings, though it is actually a staged ploy.


military abduction

military abduction (plural military abductions)

1996 Helmut Lammer Ph.D. Preliminary Findings Of Project MILAB: Evidence For Military Kidnappings Of Alleged UFO Abductees published at The Alien Jigsaw, Mind Control Forums and on many other web sites.
Recently, some UFO abductees have reported that they have also been kidnapped by military intelligence personnel (MILAB) and taken to hospitals and/or military facilities, some of which are described as being underground.

1999 A letter from Dr. Helmut Lammer of the Austrian Space Agency to Dr. Steven Greer of the Disclosure Project, published in Greer, Steven M. Extraterrestrial Contact: The Evidence and Implications. Crossing Point Inc, →ISBN, page 8.
I will send you today a copy of the MILAB (Military Abductions) manuscript for review.

2004 Encyclopedic entry in William J. Birnes The UFO Magazine UFO Encyclopedia: The Most Comprehensive Single-Volume UFO Reference in Print, Pocket Books, page 215

A deceitful military operation performed to convince the targets of the operation that they have had an encounter with extraterrestrial beings which is actually a staged ploy


absorbance

absorbance (countable and uncountable, plural absorbances)

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

(physics) A logarithmic measure of the amount of light that is absorbed when passing through a substance; the capacity of a substance to absorb light of a given wavelength; optical density.


main group element

main group element (plural main group elements)

(inorganic chemistry, physics) Any chemical element from the main group.


quenching

quenching (countable and uncountable, plural quenchings)

From Middle English quenchinge, equivalent to quench + -ing.

(physics) The extinction of any of several physical properties.


luciferase

Aptly enough, glowworms light up their underworld with a pair of chemicals that have a satanic etymology—luciferins and luciferases, after the Latin for “light bringer.”

2017 October 6, Ed Yong, “The Most Beautiful Death Trap”, in The Atlantic:

The novel coronavirus vaccine manufactured by Moderna does not contain luciferin, an organic compound involved in bioluminescence, or the enzyme luciferase, contrary to claims on social media.

2021 May 6, “Fact Check-Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccine does not contain luciferin or luciferase”, in Reuters:

(biochemistry) Any one of a group of enzymes that produce bioluminescence by oxidizing luciferin.

luciferazo

biochemistry: any one of a group of enzymes that produce bioluminescence by oxidizing luciferin


deacetylase

(biochemistry) Any of several classes of enzyme that remove acetyl groups from proteins


histone deacetylase

histone deacetylase (plural histone deacetylases)

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups from lysine amino acids in proteins, especially the histone proteins of the nucleus


fulgurite

Glass formed by a lightning strike melting sand or other material.


tidally locked

Kruban is a tidally-locked Venusian hothouse, its surface perpetually obscured by clouds of sulfur and carbon dioxides.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Kruban:

(astronomy) Having undergone tidal locking.


ergodic

en-adj

ergodic (comparative more ergodic, superlative most ergodic)

more ergodic (comparative)
most ergodic (superlative)

International Scientific Vocabulary ergo- + -ode (+ -ic). The etymological origin is disputed: ἔργον (érgon) + ὁδός (hodós, “way”) versus ἔργον (érgon) + εἶδος (eîdos, “image”).

“The real world is not ergodic,” he says. “If I jump out of the window, that's it–it's not, like, a mistake I will learn from.”

2020, Brian Christian, quoting Jan Leike, “Conclusion”, in The Alignment Problem, New York: W.W. Norton & Company, →ISBN:

(mathematics, physics) Of or relating to certain systems that, given enough time, will eventually return to a previously experienced state.

ergodique

of or relating to certain systems that, given enough time, will eventually return to previously experienced state


tidal locking

(astronomy) The locking of the rotation of a satellite (moon or planet) to its orbit, such that one side always faces the body around which it is orbiting.


flux density

(physics) A measure of rate of flow of a fluid, particles or energy per unit area


luminous intensity

en-noun

luminous intensity (plural luminous intensities)

(physics) A measure of the power emitted by a source of light; equal to the flux density per solid angle


ligase

The glue is an enzyme called ligase, which stitches together loose sentences of DNA whenever it comes across them.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 244:

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the binding of two molecules; synthetase.


indeterminism

indeterminism (countable and uncountable, plural indeterminisms)

Borrowed from French indéterminisme, equivalent to in- + determinism.

The classic examples in physics involve relativity theory and quantum theory and the recognition of the indeterminisms underlying those required the genius of Einstein and of Heisenberg.

1975, Carleton Mathematical Lecture Notes:

uncertainty principle
uncertainty principle

(countable, physics) A case in which the uncertainty principle applies; a case in which certain pairs of physical properties such as the position and momentum of a particle cannot be known simultaneously.


foot-pound

foot-pounds (plural)
as: ft-lb (abbreviation)

(physics) Deprecated abbreviation for foot⋅pound-force, a unit of work or energy.


poundal

(dated, physics) A unit equal to the force needed to accelerate a mass of one pound at a rate of one foot per second per second.


bumping

(physical chemistry) The violent boiling when an homogenous liquid is superheated to the point that the bubbles are formed at pressure greater than atmospheric pressure and be expelled from the container


hyperlens

(optics) A nanostructured metamaterial that produces magnified images of objects smaller than the wavelength of the light used


instrumental width

instrumental width (plural instrumental widths)

(optics) The width of a fringe formed in monochromatic light.


time-travel

Sequels to fish-out-of-water comedies make progressively less sense the longer a series continues. By the time Crocodile Dundee In Los Angeles rolled around in 2001, 15 years after the first Crocodile Dundee became a surprise blockbuster, the title character had been given an awfully long time to grow acclimated to those kooky Americans. Men In Black 3 finagles its way out of this predicament by literally resetting the clock with a time-travel premise that makes Will Smith both a contemporary intergalactic cop in the late 1960s and a stranger to Josh Brolin, who plays the younger version of Smith’s stone-faced future partner, Tommy Lee Jones.

2012 May 24, Nathan Rabin, “Film: Reviews: Men In Black 3”, in The Onion AV Club:


microwave radiation

electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation

(physics) electromagnetic radiation that has a frequency of about 3 to 30 GHz


cryotron

(physics) A switch that employs superconductivity


electroluminescent

having the quality of electroluminescence


electrochemical series

electrochemical series (plural electrochemical series)

(electrochemistry) A list of the metals in order of their electronegativity (and hence their reactivity).


base metal

base metal (countable and uncountable, plural base metals)

electrochemical series
electrochemical series

(electrochemistry) Any metal at the lower end of the electrochemical series that oxidizes readily.


metamict

(mineralogy) A mineral with a disrupted crystal structure due to radiation damage.


hohlraum

Borrowed from German Hohlraum (“hollow area”).

(physics) A cavity whose walls are in thermodynamic equilibrium with the radiation emitted by the cavity


immured

en-adj

immured (comparative more immured, superlative most immured)

more immured (comparative)
most immured (superlative)

(crystallography and geology, of impurities in a growing crystal) trapped or captured (within the surrounding matrix).


magnetologic

(physics, computing) Describing a device that uses magnetism to perform the logical operations normally performed using electronics


Fermi surface

(physics) An abstract boundary, of constant energy, useful for predicting the thermal, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of metals, semimetals, and doped semiconductors.


polariton

electromagnetic wave
electromagnetic wave

(physics) Any of a class of quasiparticles comprising elements of electromagnetic waves and excited states of matter.


quasiparticle

(physics) Any entity that has some characteristics of a distinct particle, but comprises a grouping of multiple particles


NDP

en-noun

NDP (countable and uncountable, plural NDPs)

neutron depth profiling
w:neutron depth profiling

(chemistry, physics, uncountable) Initialism of neutron depth profiling.


island of stability

island of stability (plural islands of stability)

(nuclear physics) A grouping of isotopes of some transuranic elements that are predicted to be more stable than others due to having filled shells of protons and neutrons.


centistoke

(physics) Misconstruction of centistokes (unit of kinematic viscosity)


diffuser

Along the sofa every three and a half feet, fluorescent tubes glow through translucent plastic diffusers.

2008 January 24, “In a Town Known for Light, a House With Very Little”, in New York Times:

(optics) Any device that or spreads out or scatters light, making the light appear softer.

(thermodynamics) A mechanical device that is designed to control the characteristics of a fluid at the entrance to a thermodynamic open system.


flying brick

(informal, chiefly humorous) A fictional character who has superstrength, invulnerability and the ability to fly.


electroosmosis

(physics) the migration of ions in a solvent through the capillaries of a membrane under the influence of an applied electric field


DNase

(biochemistry) Abbreviation of deoxyribonuclease.


deoxyribonuclease

(biochemistry, genetics) Any of several enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of DNA.


stiction

stiction (countable and uncountable, plural stictions)

(physics) The static friction that needs to be overcome to enable relative motion of stationary objects in contact.


electromagnetic field

electromagnetic field (plural electromagnetic fields)

(physics) The field of force that is due to the interaction of electric and magnetic forces of charged bodies


wave vector

inversely proportional
inversely proportional

(physics, mathematics) A vector whose direction is that of the direction of propagation of a wave, and whose magnitude is inversely proportional to its wavelength


wavenumber

(mathematics, physics) A measure of the number of waves in unit distance; inversely proportional to its wavelength.


scaling

scaling (countable and uncountable, plural scalings)

(mathematics, physics) The expression of the terms of an equation using powers of nondimensional quantities.


negativity

negativity (countable and uncountable, plural negativities)

(physics) The characteristic of having a negative charge.


physical constant

physical constant (plural physical constants)

(physics) A physical quantity that is generally believed to be both universal in nature and constant in time.


luminal

(physics) of or pertaining to the nature of light

(physics) light-speed; having the speed of light (usually in the void)


Goldilocks principle

Referring to the girl in the fairy tale who found one bowl of porridge too hot, one too cold, and one just right.

(physics) The observation that, out of the great range of all possible conditions on Earth, the actual conditions are all “just right” in order to support life.


unionize

en-verb

unionize (third-person singular simple present unionizes, present participle unionizing, simple past and past participle unionized)

unionizes (present singular third-person)
unionizing (participle present)
unionized (participle past)
unionized (past)

For the experiments designed to study the effect of pH, aqueous solutions of NaOH were used. Approximately 3 mL of the aqueous phase was drawn out for sampling and a portion of this was used to determine the pH[…]. The other portion was analyzed after addition of HCl solution to bring the pH below 3.0 (to unionize the dissociated vinyl acids).

2013 July 24, Amit K. Tripathi, Donald C. Sundberg, “Partitioning of Functional Monomers in Emulsion Polymerization: Distribution of Carboxylic Acid Monomers between Water and Multimonomer Systems”, in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, volume 52, number 29, →DOI, page 9764:

(physical chemistry, rare) Synonym of deionize.

(transitive) To cause (an ionized substance) to return to a neutral state; to convert (an ion) into a neutral atom or molecule.

The water absorbency of the anionically starch-grafted AA/AM absorbent is markedly affected by the pH of the buffer solution at different ionic strengths. The charge of the ionic monomer affects the pH sensitivity of the superabsorbent polymers. An acidic superabsorbent normally ionizes at high pH but unionizes at low pH.

2000 October 1, Suda Kiatkamjornwong, Wararuk Chomsaksakul, Manit Sonsuk, “Radiation modification of water absorption of cassava starch by acrylic acid/acrylamide”, in Radiation Physics and Chemistry, volume 59, number 4, →DOI, page 423:

(intransitive) Of an ionized substance, to return to a neutral state.


coherent light

(physics) Light of a uniform wavelength and phase; as used in lasers


nanowire

(physics) A wire whose width is of the order of nanometers.


wicking

(physics) capillarity, capillary motion, capillary effect


centistokes

(physics) A unit of kinematic viscosity equal to one-hundredth of a stoke.


optoelectronics

(physics) The branch of physics that deals with the interaction of light with electronic devices, or the production of light from such devices


depolymerization

(organic chemistry) The decomposition of a polymer into smaller fragments


electrochemistry

(chemistry) The science of the chemistry associated with the flow of electricity, especially at the surface of an electrode.


aerosolisation

The process by which a material, usually a solid or liquid, is dispersed into an aerosol form.

aerosolisasi

process by which a material is dispersed into an aerosol form


aerosolise

aerosolise (third-person singular simple present aerosolises, present participle aerosolising, simple past and past participle aerosolised)

aerosolises (present singular third-person)
aerosolising (participle present)
aerosolised (participle past)
aerosolised (past)

(transitive) To disperse a material, usually a solid or liquid, as an aerosol.


quantum theory

en-noun

quantum theory (countable and uncountable, plural quantum theories)

(physics) A theory developed in the early 20th century, according to which nuclear and radiation phenomena can be explained by assuming that energy only occurs in discrete amounts called quanta.


zitterbewegung

From German zittern (“to tremble, jitter”) + Bewegung (“motion”).

(physics) An extremely fast oscillation of free electrons (and other particles) predicted by some solutions of the Dirac equation


Dirac equation

Named after English physicist Paul Dirac.

named-after

(physics) A relativistic wave equation that describes an electron (and similar particles); it predicted the existence of antiparticles


loop quantum gravity

(physics) A theory which attempts to reconcile quantum mechanics and general relativity, according to which space can be regarded as an extremely fine fabric of finite loops.


LQG

en-noun

LQG (countable and uncountable, plural LQGs)

loop quantum gravity
loop quantum gravity#English

(uncountable, physics) Abbreviation of loop quantum gravity.


trion

(physics) A singlet state formed from three atoms of different colours


syntonic

en-adj

syntonic (comparative more syntonic, superlative most syntonic)

more syntonic (comparative)
most syntonic (superlative)

(physics, of oscillating systems) Having the same frequency.


hyperinnovation

(physics) A state of many interconnected dimensions.


nucleogenic

nucleogenic (comparative more nucleogenic, superlative most nucleogenic)

more nucleogenic (comparative)
most nucleogenic (superlative)

(physics, of an isotope etc) Produced by a natural terrestrial nuclear reaction


nanofocusing

(physics) The use of arrays of very sharp points, or tiny gaps between particles, to control the concentration of light energy on nanometre scales, and to prevent diffraction


topoisomerase

/ˌtɒpəʊˌaɪˈsɒməˌɹeɪs/

/ˌtɑpoʊˌaɪˈsɑməˌɹeɪs/

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymes that affect the topology of DNA, especially ones that relax supercoiling.


MICTOR

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering, microelectronics) Acronym of matched impedance connector.


arsenite

(inorganic chemistry) Any oxyanion of trivalent arsenic, especially the AsO₃³⁻ anion (or protonated derivatives); any salt containing this anion, or any ester of arsenious acid


materialization

en-noun

materialization (countable and uncountable, plural materializations)

From material + -ization and materialize + -ation.

(physics) The conversion of energy into mass.


electrostrong

(physics) describing the combination of the electromagnetic and strong nuclear forces


partial pressure

partial pressure (countable and uncountable, plural partial pressures)

(physics, chemistry) The pressure that one component of a mixture of gases would contribute to the total pressure.

partialtryk

pressure one component of a mixture of gases would contribute to the total pressure


polarizability

polarizability (countable and uncountable, plural polarizabilities)

(physics) The relative tendency of a system of electric charges to become polarized in the presence of an external electric field.


Einstein field equation

Einstein field equation (plural Einstein field equations)

The Einstein field equation states that the energy-momentum tensor is directly proportional to the Ricci tensor minus half of the Ricci scalar times the metric tensor plus the cosmological constant times the metric tensor.

(relativity) A symmetric 4 × 4 tensor equation in general relativity in which the gravitational force is described as a curvature of spacetime caused by matter and energy.

Einsteinin kenttäyhtälö

tensor equation in general relativity that describes gravitational force as curvature


form factor

(physics) The ratio of the RMS value to the absolute mean of a sinusoidal wave (especially to that of an alternating current)

muotokerroin

(physics) Any of several functions that describe the unknown internal state of a particle

(crystallography) A function that describes the scattering power of an atom as function of the scattering angle

(mechanics) A factor describing the stress distribution of a body


dismutase

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymes that catalyze dismutation reactions.

Dismutase

any of several enzymes that catalyze dismutation reactions


metastable

(physics, chemistry) Of or pertaining to a physical or chemical state that is relatively long-lived, but may decay to a lower energy state when slightly perturbed or through a quantum transition.


trifocals

From tri- + focal (see focus). Coined by John Isaac Hawkins, their inventor, in 1826.

(optics) Spectacles with corrective lenses that have three different powers per eye.


ultracold

en-adj

ultracold (comparative more ultracold, superlative most ultracold)

more ultracold (comparative)
most ultracold (superlative)

(physics) Of a temperature close to absolute zero, especially one at which quantum-mechanical properties are observed.


dehydrogenase

This led to a search in the filtrate for a dehydrogenase which should activate lactate in preference to the other three substances.

1928, Marjory Stephenson, “On lactic dehydrogenase: A cell-free enzyme preparation obtained from bacteria”, in Biochemical Journal:

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymes that catalyze the removal of hydrogen (a proton) from biological compounds.


critical Reynolds number

en-noun

critical Reynolds number (plural critical Reynolds numbers)

(physics) A Reynolds number at which the flow of a fluid changes from laminar to turbulent.

kriittinen Reynoldsin luku

Reynolds number at which laminar-to-turbulent transition occurs


pro-nuclear

en-adj

pro-nuclear (comparative more pro-nuclear, superlative most pro-nuclear)

more pro-nuclear (comparative)
most pro-nuclear (superlative)

In favor of the use of nuclear energy and the building of nuclear power plants.


propagator

(physics) A function that represents the quantum propagation of a subatomic particle


metastable isomer

en-noun

metastable isomer (plural metastable isomers)

(physics) An excited state of an isotope, often having different a spin quantum number (designated with an m)


reflectance

reflectance (countable and uncountable, plural reflectances)

(physics) The ratio of the flux reflected to that incident on a surface.


pertechnetate

(inorganic chemistry) The univalent technetium anion TcO₄⁻; any salt containing this anion


X-ray binary

(astronomy) A binary star system in which one star of the pair is an optically invisible X-ray source.


supercurrent

(physics) The current flowing through a superconductor.


disexcitation

disexcitation (countable and uncountable, plural disexcitations)

(physics) The change in state of an excited state as it loses a quantum of energy.


advection

advection (countable and uncountable, plural advections)

From Latin advectio (“act of bringing”), from advectus (past participle of advehere (“to carry to”), from ad- + vehere (“to convey”)) + -io.

(meteorology, earth science, physical chemistry) The horizontal movement of a body of atmosphere (or other fluid) along with a concurrent transport of its temperature, humidity etc.

adveición

(physics) The transport of a scalar by bulk fluid motion.


spatiotemporal

en-adj

spatiotemporal (comparative more spatiotemporal, superlative most spatiotemporal)

more spatiotemporal (comparative)
most spatiotemporal (superlative)


quantum ferrofluid

en-noun

quantum ferrofluid (plural quantum ferrofluids)

(physics) A superfluid quantum gas composed of polarized electric or magnetic dipoles


isotopic signature

isotopic signature (plural isotopic signatures)

(physics, chemistry) A set of ratios of the abundances of different isotopes of specified elements in a sample, used as a diagnostic test of the sample's origin, or of its age


yellowcake

yellowcake (countable and uncountable, plural yellowcakes)

From yellow + cake, from its colour and texture.

A concentrated form of uranium ore containing a mixture of oxides.


ergosphere

From ergo- + -sphere. Coined by Remo Ruffini and John Archibald Wheeler in 1971 in reference to the fact that it is theoretically possible to extract energy from the region.

(physics) A region outside the event horizon of a rotating black hole in which space and time are distorted by shear forces.

John Archibald Wheeler
Remo Ruffini
ergosphere

ergosphère

region outside the event horizon of a black hole


quantized

en-adj

quantized (comparative more quantized, superlative most quantized)

more quantized (comparative)
most quantized (superlative)

This is very clear for the standing waves on a guitar string: the fundamental has a wavelength of twice the length of the string, and the next longest allowed wavelength is equal to the length of the string. There is no standing wave with a wavelength between these two and so we can say that the allowed wavelengths on a guitar string are quantized.

2011, Brian Cox, Jeff Forshaw, The Quantum Universe, Allen Lane, published 2011, page 96:

(physics) Expressed or existing only in terms of discrete quanta; limited by the restrictions of quantization (i.e. measurement).


glassformer

(physics, chemistry) Any substance whose liquid state fails to crystallize upon cooling, but forms a glass.


Schrödinger's kitten

en-noun

Schrödinger's kitten (plural Schrödinger's kittens)

(informal, physics) Any of several experiments that show the paradoxical effects of quantum mechanics on a small scale, especially one that shows an atom to be in two places at the same time.


decomposition potential

decomposition potential (plural decomposition potentials)

In electrolysis, the electrode potential at which current begins to increase appreciably, and electrolysis occurs.


deep inelastic collision

deep inelastic collision (plural deep inelastic collisions)

(physics) A high-energy nuclear reaction in which two nuclei overlap and exchange energy and nucleons.


dark current

(physics) The temperature-dependent current that flows in a photodetector when no light is shining on it.


miscibility

miscibility (countable and uncountable, plural miscibilities)


photon tunnelling

(physics) The transmission of light through apertures of dimension smaller than the wavelength of the light by quantum tunnelling

(physics) The apparent faster-than-light transmission of photons across a gap


Boltzmann brain

Boltzmann brain (plural Boltzmann brains)

For Ludwig Boltzmann, Austrian physicist, on whose ideas it is based.

(physics) A hypothetical self-aware entity that arises due to random fluctuations of spacetime.


quantum tunnelling

(quantum mechanics) Any of several quantum mechanical effects in which a particle disobeys the laws of classical mechanics.


degenerate matter

Pauli exclusion principle
Pauli exclusion principle

(physics) matter which has sufficiently high density that the dominant contribution to its pressure arises from the Pauli exclusion principle.


scintillometer

(physics) A device that measures fluctuations in the Earth’s atmosphere.

scintillation counter
scintillation counter


nanotomography

(physics, chemistry) The nanoscale tomography of a material (especially of a nanoparticle), especially by the use of scanning electron techniques


magnetic anisotropy

(physics) The dependence of any magnetic property of a material on the direction in which it is measured.


polarimetry

polarimetry (usually uncountable, plural polarimetries)

(physics) The measurement of the polarization of electromagnetic radiation


polarimetric

(physics) Of or pertaining to polarimetry, or measured using a polarimeter


QGP

Physicists are attempting to make QGP by smashing large atomic nuclei into one another at such high energies that the protons and neutrons squeeze together.

2004, Frank Close, Particle Physics: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 126:

quark-gluon plasma
quark-gluon plasma#English

(physics) Initialism of quark-gluon plasma.


squark

(physics) A hypothetical supersymmetric counterpart to a quark, having a spin of zero instead of one-half.


supersymmetric

en-adj

supersymmetric (comparative more supersymmetric, superlative most supersymmetric)

more supersymmetric (comparative)
most supersymmetric (superlative)


positronium

en-noun

positronium (plural positroniums or positronia)

positroniums (plural)
positronia (plural)

(physics, chemistry) An exotic atom (specifically, an onium) consisting of a positron (anti-electron) and an electron, as a particle–anti-particle bound pair with no nucleus.


centric

en-adj

centric (comparative more centric, superlative most centric)

more centric (comparative)
most centric (superlative)

From Ancient Greek κεντρικός (kentrikós), equivalent to centre + -ic.


dipositronium

(physics) The short-lived combination of two positronium exotic atoms that are bound together in the same way as a hydrogen molecule


rutherford

An obsolete unit of radioactivity (symbol: rd), defined as the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one million nuclei decay per second.


hypergravity

The presence of an apparently increased gravitational field in an accelerating or rotating situation.


rhombohedral

(crystallography) Having three equal axes and oblique angles.

romboèdric

having three equal axes and oblique angles


brane

(physics) A hypothetical object extending across a number of (often specified) spatial dimensions, with strings in string theory seen as one-dimensional examples.


aromatase

en-noun

aromatase (countable and uncountable, plural aromatases)

/əˈɹoʊ̯məteɪ̯s/

/əˈɹoʊ̯məteɪ̯z/

(biochemistry) An enzyme responsible for aromatization of androgen hormones into estrogens.


CPT

CPT (countable and uncountable, plural CPTs)

(physics) Initialism of charge, parity, time-reversal (in the phrase CPT symmetry)


gigapascal

(physics) A unit or pressure equal to 10⁹ pascals


millimole

(chemistry, physics) An SI unit, equivalent to 1/1000th of a mole.


torcher

/ˈtɔːt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

-ɔː(ɹ)tʃə(ɹ)

(science fiction) The pilot of a spacecraft propelled by a torch drive (a spacecraft engine which produces thrust by nuclear fusion).


thermography

thermography (countable and uncountable, plural thermographies)

(physics) Any of several techniques for the remote measurement of the temperature variations of a body, especially by creating images produced by infrared radiation.

lämpökuvaus

practice of creating images produced by infrared radiation


intershell

"This cluster is unusual in that its outermost shell has fewer atoms than the underlying shell, and CO ligands bridge intershell metal atoms."

2007 September 21, Phil Szuromi, “Chemistry: Bigger with Platinum”, in Science 317, published 1651:


galactosidase

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of a galactoside


methylase

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymes that catalyze methylation, especially of nucleic acids


LSP

LSP (countable and uncountable, plural LSPs)

(physics) Initialism of lightest supersymmetric particle/partner.


conservation of mass

(physics, physical chemistry) A conservation law of classical physics that states that the total mass of a closed system remains constant regardless of the chemical or physical changes that take place within it.


pinning

pinning (countable and uncountable, plural pinnings)

(physics) The establishment of the definite quantum state of a particle, or of the occupation number of a system of particles


nanobattery

(physics) Any electrical battery fabricated on a nanoscale.


conservation law

conservation law (plural conservation laws)

(physics) Any of several laws that hold that some physical property remains constant in a closed system regardless of other changes that take place.


collision theory

collision theory (plural collision theories)

(physical chemistry) Any theory that relates collisions among particles to reaction rate; reaction rate depends on such factors as concentration, surface area, temperature, stirring, and the presence of either a catalyst or an inhibitor.


quantum limit

The spectroscopic sense is first attested in the 1920s; the measurement sense was coined by Vladimir Braginsky in a 1967 paper, and was originally restricted to the study of gravitational waves.

"This book is essential reading for all scientists and engineers the potential applications of technology near the quantum limit."

1995, Vladimir Borisovich Braginskiĭ, Farid Ya. Khalili, Quantum Measurement, →ISBN, page i:

(quantum mechanics) The limit on measurement accuracy at quantum scales due to back-action effects.

"The voltage and wave-length at the quantum limit of the spectrum under investigation are denoted by ν₀ and λ₀."

1935, Donald Stover Piston, The Polarization of X-rays from Thin Targets, page 4:

(spectroscopy) The shortest wavelength in an X-ray spectrum.


cyclo-oxygenase

(biochemistry) Alternative spelling of cyclooxygenase


quantum Hall effect

quantum Hall effect (plural quantum Hall effects)

quantum + Hall effect; from Edwin Hall, who discovered the classical Hall effect in 1879.

(quantum mechanics) An effect marked by the quantization of the Hall resistance, observed in two-dimensional electron systems subjected to low temperatures and strong magnetic field.


exergy

exergy (countable and uncountable, plural exergies)

The term "exergy" was coined in 1956 by Zoran Rant (1904–1972) from Ancient Greek ἐξ (ex, “out of, away from”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”).

der

The maximum fraction of an energy form which (in a reversible process) can be transformed into work is called exergy. The remaining part is called anergy, and this corresponds to the waste heat.

2002, J. Honerkamp, Statistical Physics, page 298:

(physics) Concentrated or organized energy, which can be exported and do work in the process.


reprocessing

en-noun

reprocessing (countable and uncountable, plural reprocessings)

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing

For 75 years, it has fulfilled a wide range of roles: producing weapons-grade plutonium for early atomic weapons in the aftermath of the Second World War; the world's first commercial nuclear power station supplying electricity to the National Grid; reprocessing and storage of nuclear fuel; and the processing of lower grades of radioactive waste for off-site storage.

2023 December 27, Ben Jones, “Inside Sellafield... by rail”, in RAIL, number 999, page 20:

(engineering, nuclear physics, uncountable) The process of extracting useful or valuable materials from used nuclear fuel, mainly focusing on the recovery of fissile and fertile material for use in fresh nuclear reactor fuel, or, in some cases, the manufacture of nuclear weapons.


plasmonic

(physics, nanotechnology) Of or pertaining to plasmons, the quasiparticles resulting from the quantization of plasma oscillations.


exoribonuclease

(biochemistry) A ribonuclease that catalyzes the exonucleolytic cleavage of nucleotides from a ribonucleotide chain.


coprecipitation

coprecipitation (countable and uncountable, plural coprecipitations)

(physical chemistry) The precipitation of an otherwise soluble substance through the precipitation of another substance.


information velocity

information velocity (countable and uncountable, plural information velocities)

(physics) The speed at which information is transmitted through a particular medium


ultraquantum

In an ultraquantum magnetic field, i.e., when only the lowest Landau level is occupied, plateaus of the Hall resistance are also observed at fractional s (the fractional quantum Hall effect).

1997, Richard C. Dorf, Electrical Engineering Handbook, →ISBN, page 507:

(physics) Of a state in which only the lowest Landau level (orbit with a discrete energy value) is occupied.


domain wall

A domain wall corresponds to the rotation of the magnetization vector from one magnetic domain to another.

1998, Eugene M. Chudnovsky, Javier Tejada, Macroscopic Quantum Tunneling of the Magnetic Moment, →ISBN, page 67:

(physics) An interface separating magnetic domains.

The simplest soliton is the domain wall with co-dimension one, and the next simplest is the vortex with co-dimension two, whereas the co-dimension three (four) soliton is called monopole (instanton).

2006, M. Eto et al., “Solitons in Supersymmetric Gauge Theories”, in Particles, Strings and Cosmology, →ISBN, page 266:

(astrophysics) A two-dimensional singularity hypothesized in string theory.


cryodetector

(physics) Any of several devices that detect something by measuring small differences in very low temperatures


fugacity

fugacity (countable and uncountable, plural fugacities)

(physics) A measure of the relative stability of different phases of a substance under the same conditions.


inflaton

(physics) A proposed particle that would have been responsible for inflation in the very early universe.


warp bubble

Coined in 1994 by Mexican physicist Miguel Alcubierre.

(astrophysics, science fiction) A detached region of spacetime which is theoretically capable of moving faster than the speed of light.


plaquette

Borrowed from French plaquette (“small plaque”), allegedly coined in the 1860s.

(physics) The smallest closed loop, enclosing the region between four lattice sites, in lattice gauge theory.


supercee

Presumed super- + cee, a respelling of the physics symbol c (denoting the speed of light in a vacuum; an abbreviation of both English constant and Latin celeritas (“swiftness”)).

But Man had always been a restless, persistent creature, and the stars called, and in an incredibly short space of time a highly-ingenious refinement of the theta drive gave him supercee.
“What I can’t understand, Psy, is why in the name of Mira the Terrans couldn’t have been admitted to the Federation as soon as they developed supercee. […]”
Offhand I’d say that the Terrans, when they hit on the secret of star-driving a planet, which isn’t much of a trick once the supercee principle is clearly understood, decided to go off on a hunt round the galaxy for a see-tee system.

1930, Information Access Company, Analog Science Fiction/science Fact, pp63, 73, & 77

1960, AUTHOR UNKNOWN, Astounding Science-fiction, pp70, 72, & 73; presumed to be an earlier work (1930 or earlier), as quotations 2 and 3 also appear in:

^({1})“[…] A couple of … after the last rescue ship had lif … into space and shifted into the … of supercee, the star exploded.”
^({2})“Surely you know the answer to that one,” he said after a moment or two, “or have you forgotten all about a little thing called the decrement effect?” The Psychologist nodded. “Precisely. The decrement effect. The factor that makes supercee — supercee as we know it, that is — inoperable in intergalactic space.” He looked thoughtful. “I don’t think anyone’s yet evolved a satisfactory theory to account for the existence of the effect. The only thing that’s certain is that it’s tied up in some way with gravity fields — or, rather, with the absence of g-fields.” He shrugged.
^({3})“What I can’t understand, Psy, is why in the name of Mira the Terrans couldn’t have been admitted to the Federation as soon as they developed supercee. […]”

1930, Information Access Company, Analog Science Fiction/science Fact, page 72:

The core was virtually unreachable at supercee velocities. So the Lost Star’s bleep has been sounding for eighty years, and no ship has reached her.

1979, Frank Northen Magill, Survey of Science Fiction Literature, Salem Press, →ISBN, page 937:

(rare, science fiction) Faster-than-light travelling speed.


octopole

(physics) A multipole configuration with eight equal charges arranged in a circular pattern.

(physics) Any configuration or analysis having eightfold symmetry.


bidentate

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry) Of a ligand, forming two separate chemical bonds to a coordinating metal ion.


resuspension

resuspension (countable and uncountable, plural resuspensions)

/ˌɹiːsəˈspɛnʃən/

After seven centrifugings and resuspensions, the chloride is reduced to less than 5 mgm. per cent.

1938, American Journal of Physiology, volume 122, page 227:

As a Government Office for Science report says: "Non-exhaust particulate matter emissions (e.g. tyre wear, brake wear and road dust resuspension) account for approximately 50%-60% of the vehicle emissions that contribute to poor air quality."

2020 September 9, Anthony Lambert, “Winning passengers back: Getting the public on board...”, in Rail, page 43:

(ecology, chemistry, physics) The renewed suspension of a precipitated sediment, such as stirring up settled mud at the bottom of a body of water.


superatom

(physics, chemistry) A metamaterial, a cluster of atoms which acts like a single atom. It seems to exhibit some of the properties of elemental atoms.

superàtom

a cluster of atoms which seems to exhibit some of the properties of elemental atoms


twotino

This provides a possible explanation for the low fraction of twotinos compared to plutinos in the Kuiper belt.

2009, A. C. Quillen, “Resonances in Galactic and Circumstellar Disks”, in G. Contopoulos, P. A. Patsis, editors, Chaos in Astronomy: Conference 2007, Springer, page 199:

Plutinos are Kuiper belt objects in a 2:3 resonance (a = 39.4 AU) with Neptune and are named after Pluto since these bodies have orbits similar to Pluto. Twotinos are objects that are in a 1:2 resonance (a = 47.8 AU) with Neptune.

2017, Thomas H. Burbine, Asteroids, Cambridge University Press, page 234:

These objects have been given the name of twotinos (rhymes with "plutinos").
Interestingly, there are very few low-eccentricity TNOs beyond the twotinos.

2021, Barbara Ryden, Bradley M. Peterson, Foundations of Astrophysics, Cambridge University Press, page 276:

(astronomy) Any astronomical object, on the apparent outer edge of the Kuiper Belt, whose orbit has a 1:2 resonance with the planet Neptune.

Resonant trans-Neptunian object#1:2 resonance ("twotinos", period ~330 years)


quantum process tomography

quantum process tomography (uncountable)

(quantum mechanics) A method for describing a quantum process by probing with known quantum states.


cathepsin

Borrowed from German Kathepsin, from Ancient Greek καθέψω (kathépsō), from κατά (katá, “down”) + ἕψω (hépsō, “boil”).

affix

Grassmann and Dyckerhoff (1930) showed that cysteine and cyanide inhibited the action of ereptic aminopolyase, while they accelerated the action of proteases such as cathepsin.

1931, A Pirie, BE Holmes, “The cause of inactivation of the Rous sarcoma filtrate during incubation”, in British journal of experimental pathology:

(biochemistry) Any of a family of proteases primarily active within lysosomes.


canonical form

contributing structure
contributing structure

(physical chemistry) Any of a set of representations of the resonance structure of a molecule each of which contributes to the real structure; a contributing structure.


uranian

(mineralogy) Containing hexavalent uranium.


tokamak

Borrowed from Russian токама́к (tokamák), an acronym of то(роида́льная) ка́(мера) (с) ма(гни́тными) к(ату́шками) (to(roidálʹnaja) ká(mera) (s) ma(gnítnymi) k(atúškami), “toroidal chamber with magnetic coils”).

Studies of electrodeless discharges in a strong longitudinal magnetic field, carried out on the stellarator and the "Tokamak", have shown that in such systems the plasma becomes unstable for currents appreciably les than the critical current of Shafranov-Kruskal.

1963 November, E. P. Gorbunov, K. A. Razumova, “The Effect of a Strong Magnetic Field on the Magnetohydrodynamic Stability of Plasma and the Containment of Charged Particles in the ‘Tokamak’”, in Soviet Atomic Energy, volume 15, number 5, New York, N.Y.: Consultants Bureau, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1105:

A Tokamak engineering test reactor (TETR) will be an important component of any national or international program to achieve viable Tokamak fusion power reactors.

1975, J. W. Lue, R. W. Conn, “Superconducting Toroidal Field Magnets for a Tokamak Engineering Test Reactor”, in K. D. Timmerhaus, D. H. Weitzel, editors, Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, volume 21, New York, N.Y., London: Plenum Press, →OCLC, page 41; republished Boston, Mass.: Springer, 2013, →DOI, →ISBN, page 41:

Of magnetic fusion experiments, those in Tokamaks are closest to achieving the combination of confinement conditions needed for a reactor.

1982, “Controlled Nuclear Fusion”, in Energy in Transition 1985–2010: Final Report of the Committee on Nuclear and Alternative Energy Systems, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, →ISBN, page 390:

Researchers use large doughnut-shaped vessels called tokomaks to try to achieve the critical temperature and density needed for fusion to begin. A tokomak uses powerful magnetic fields to contain hydrogen, which is heated to several million degrees. As the strength of the magnetic field increases, it squeezes the plasma, resulting in a higher temperature and density.

1989 September–October, D. Benningfield, “Funds Requested to Speed Up Nuclear Fusion Experiments”, in Ernstine Wheelock, editor, Alcalde, volume 78, number 1, Austin, Tx.: The Ex-Students' Association of the University of Texas, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 43, column 1:

Slowly, the solenoid—all one thousand tons of it—will be carried to the tokamak and lowered into the center of the vacuum chamber.

2014 March 3, Raffi Khatchadourian, “A Star in a Bottle: An Audacious Plan to Create a New Energy Source could Save the Planet from Catastrophe. But Time is Running Out.”, in The New Yorker, archived from the original on 2018-12-05:

(nuclear physics) A torus-shaped chamber used in nuclear fusion research in which a plasma is magnetically confined.

托卡馬克

A torus-shaped chamber in which a plasma is magnetically confined


nonclassical

en-adj

nonclassical (comparative more nonclassical, superlative most nonclassical)

more nonclassical (comparative)
most nonclassical (superlative)

(physics) Not governed by the rules of Newtonian mechanics, or by the classical theory of electromagnetism.


Fock state

From Vladimir Fock, a groundbreaking Soviet quantum physicist.

(quantum mechanics) Any state of the Fock space with a well-defined number of particles in each state.


bosonic

We calculate the bosonic boundary state corresponding to a moving fractional Dp-brane in a partially orbifoldized spacetime #x5C;mathbb#x7B;R#x7D;#x7B;1,d-5#x7D;#x5C;times#x5C;mathbb#x7B;C#x7D;#x7B;2#x7D;#x2F;#x5C;mathbb#x7B;Z#x7D;#x5F;#x7B;2#x7D; in the presence of the Kalb-Ramond field, the U(1) gauge potential and the tachyon field.

2015, Maryam Saidy-Sarjoubi, Davoud Kamani, “Moving Fractional Branes with Background Fields: Interaction and Tachyon Condensation”, in arXiv:

(quantum mechanics) Of, pertaining to, or resembling a boson.

bosonico

of, pertaining to, or resembling a boson


intraresidue

/ɪntɹəˈɹɛzɪdu/

(biochemistry, spectroscopy) Occurring in or arising from the residue of an amino acid, the portion which has been incorporated into a protein's final structure.


dephasing

en-noun

dephasing (countable and uncountable, plural dephasings)

(quantum mechanics, medical imaging) A loss of the synchronization or coherence caused by a perturbation, upon which the system returns to its state before perturbation.

quantum mechanics; medical imaging; quantum mechanics; medical imaging


Faraday rotation

Faraday rotation (countable and uncountable, plural Faraday rotations)

From Michael Faraday, who first described the effect.

(physics) An interaction between a polarized electromagnetic pulse, such as a beam of light, and a magnetic field, in which the plane of polarization is rotated in proportion to the intensity of the component of the magnetic field in the direction of travel of the pulse.

法拉第旋轉

interaction between a polarized electromagnetic pulse and a magnetic field


homodyne

(physics, of radiation) Pertaining to two waves which originate from a single radiation source, or have exactly the same frequency.


ferroics

(physics) The study of ferromagnetism, ferroelectricity, ferroelasticity and ferrotoroidicity


ferroic

en-adj

ferroic (comparative more ferroic, superlative most ferroic)

more ferroic (comparative)
most ferroic (superlative)

(physics) Of or pertaining to ferromagnetism, ferroelectricity, ferroelasticity and ferrotoroidicity


ferrotoroidicity

(physics) The presence in a material of an ordered arrangement of magnetic vortices


ferroelasticity

(physics) A phenomenon, analogous to ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity, in which spontaneous strain arises within a material


microchannel

microchannel heat sink

(physics) A narrow cylinder of semiconductor that amplifies the flow of electrons


ferroelastic

ferroelastic (comparative more ferroelastic, superlative most ferroelastic)

more ferroelastic (comparative)
most ferroelastic (superlative)

(physics) Of, relating to, or exhibiting ferroelasticity


ferroelectricity

(physics) The electric polarization of a substance (spontaneous presence of a dipole moment) that is analogous to ferromagnetism


black-hole

en-verb

black-hole (third-person singular simple present black-holes, present participle black-holing, simple past and past participle black-holed)

black-holes (present singular third-person)
black-holing (participle present)
black-holed (participle past)
black-holed (past)


helicase

(biochemistry) An enzyme required for DNA unwinding.


collider

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-collider.wav

particle accelerator
particle accelerator

(physics) Any of several forms of particle accelerator in which two opposing beams of particles collide.


protyle

en-noun

protyle (countable and uncountable, plural protyles)

From proto- + Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “timber, material”).

uder

Two principles are postulated, according to which the elements have probably been evolved: (1) the ontogenic principle, involving the formation of the primary members of the different groups by direct condensation of protyl; (2) the phytogenetic principle, by which the higher members of the groups are developed from the lower by a process of integration.

1918, E. H. R., Abstract of Curt Schmidt, "The Periodic System and Genesis of the Elements", in Journal of the Chemical Society, vol. 114, part 2, 1918, p. 305–306

Dumas wondered whether the fundamental building blocks of atoms might be some smaller division of the hydrogen atom: a half, say, or a quarter. This basic substance became known as ‘protyle’.

2002, Philip Ball, The Elements: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, published 2004, page 73:

(physical chemistry, historical) A hypothetical base substance from which all chemical elements were believed to have been made; subatomic particles.


aerosolize

en-verb

aerosolize (third-person singular simple present aerosolizes, present participle aerosolizing, simple past and past participle aerosolized)

aerosolizes (present singular third-person)
aerosolizing (participle present)
aerosolized (participle past)
aerosolized (past)

(American spelling) Alternative form of aerosolise


nanoelectronic

(physics) Describing any electronic device constructed on the nano scale

nanoélectronique

describing any electronic device constructed on the nano scale


nanoelectronics

(physics) The use of nanotechnology to create electronic components; the study and use of nanoscale electronic components


caspase

Short for cysteine-aspartic acid protease.

(biochemistry) Any of several intracellular proteolytic enzymes that mediate apoptosis and pyroptosis.


nanohole

(physics) A hole of nanoscale dimensions; but especially one of an array of such holes on a semiconductor surface.


synchromesh

Having the quality of smoothly exchanging interlocking forces.


autunite

en-noun

autunite (countable and uncountable, plural autunites)

From Autun + -ite, after Autun, France, near which it was discovered in 1852.

(mineralogy) A yellow mineral with tetragonal crystals, Ca(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·10-12H₂O.


neutron drip line

neutron drip line (plural neutron drip lines)

(physics) The jagged line, on a chart showing the number of protons and neutrons of all known isotopes, beyond which neutron-rich nuclei are unstable and emit neutrons.


neutron-rich

en-adj

neutron-rich (comparative neutron-richer or more neutron-rich, superlative neutron-richest or most neutron-rich)

neutron-richer (comparative)
more neutron-rich (comparative)
neutron-richest (superlative)
most neutron-rich (superlative)

(nuclear physics, of a nucleus or isotope) Having a large ratio of neutrons to protons

neutronrik

having a large ratio of neutrons to protons


supersolid

(physics) A superfluid material that has a spatially ordered structure similar to a crystal.


triboelectric series

en-noun

triboelectric series (plural triboelectric series)

(physics) A list of materials, showing which are more or less prone to acquire a positive or negative electric charge when rubbed.


electrostatic series

electrostatic series (plural electrostatic series)

triboelectric series
triboelectric series

(informal, physics) The triboelectric series


triboelectric

(physics) Electrical charge transfer due to sliding or contact.

tribo-électrique

electrical charge transfer due to sliding or contact


X factor

(astrophysics) The proportionality constant which converts CO emission line brightness to molecular hydrogen mass.


macrostate

(physics) A group of macroscopic properties of a physical system, such as its temperature and pressure.


beta radiation

beta radiation (countable and uncountable, plural beta radiations)

(physics) The radiation of beta particles as a result of radioactive decay.


dex

2004, Cartledge et al 2004, The Homogeneity of Interstellar Oxygen in the Galactic Disk, Abstract, The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 613, Issue 2, pp. 1037-1048,
The data points for low-<nH> paths are scattered more widely than those for denser sight lines, because O/H ratios for such paths shorter than 800 pc are generally about 0.10 dex lower than the values for longer ones.

(physics and astrophysics) An order or factor of ten.


infalling

(astronomy) Moving towards a massive astronomical body under the influence of gravity


base gas

(physical chemistry) A gas like ammonia that has basic properties.


Poynting vector

Poynting vector (plural Poynting vectors)

After English physicist John Henry Poynting (1852–1914).

(electromagnetism) The vector obtained in the direction of a right-hand screw from the cross product (vector product) of the electric field vector rotated into the magnetic field vector of an electromagnetic wave. Note: The Poynting vector, with transmission media parameters and constants, gives the irradiance and direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave. Mathematically: ⃑P=⃑E×⃑H.


cavity quantum electrodynamics

cavity quantum electrodynamics (uncountable)

electromagnetic field
electromagnetic field

(physics) The coupled interaction between matter and an electromagnetic field within a resonating structure


electrodynamics

Some of the most beautiful and thus appealing physical theories, including quantum electrodynamics and quantum gravity, have been dogged for decades by infinities that erupt when theorists try to prod their calculations into new domains. Getting rid of these nagging infinities has probably occupied far more effort than was spent in originating the theories.

2012 January 20, Michael Riordan, “Tackling Infinity”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 2013-04-30, page 86:

(physics) The phenomena associated with moving electric charges, and their interaction with electric and magnetic fields; the study of these phenomena.

sähködynamiikka

study of phenomena associated with moving electric charges


electron configuration

electron configuration (plural electron configurations)

(physics, chemistry) The arrangement of electrons in an atom, molecule, or other physical structure like a crystal.


methyltransferase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes transmethylation


Eloi

From French Éloi, from Medieval Latin Eligius, chiefly after Saint Eligius, from Latin ēligere (“to pick, to choose from”) + -ius (“-y: forming adjectives and names”).


reflectometry

en-noun

reflectometry (usually uncountable, plural reflectometries)

(physics) The science of the design and use of reflectometers.


compactify

en-verb

compactify (third-person singular simple present compactifies, present participle compactifying, simple past and past participle compactified)

compactifies (present singular third-person)
compactifying (participle present)
compactified (participle past)
compactified (past)

(physics, transitive) To adjust a theory so as to render finite or periodic (a theoretical space-time dimension).


attractor

(mathematics, physics) A set of points or states to which a dynamical system evolves after a long enough time. That is, points that get close enough to the attractor remain close even if slightly disturbed.


serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase

en-noun

serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (uncountable)

(biochemistry) An enzyme found in heart and liver tissues.


PWA

PWA (countable and uncountable, plural PWAs)

partial-wave analysis
w:partial-wave analysis

(quantum mechanics) Initialism of partial-wave analysis.


aspartate transaminase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of amino groups between biologically active compounds, especially between aspartic acid and glutamic acid


black drop effect

black drop effect (plural black drop effects)

(astronomy) An optical effect, occurring during the transit of an object in front of the Sun, by which light is bent around the object, causing it to look stretched out.


emissivity

(physics) The energy-emitting propensity of a surface, usually measured at a specific wavelength.


blue flash

(nuclear physics) A phenomenon sometimes observed when a criticality incident occurs in nuclear materials, inducing a discharge of radiation into the environment.


physical system

physical system (plural physical systems)

(physics) The portion of the physical universe chosen for analysis, with everything outside the system known as the environment.


Nicol prism

Invented in 1828 by William Nicol (1770–1851) of Edinburgh.

“You are in mortal danger,” declared their Scientific Officer, Dr. Counterfly, a scholarly sort, bearded and bundled like the rest of them, his eyes concealed by a pair of ingenious goggles, whose lenses proved to be matched pairs of Nicol prisms which could be rotated so as to control precisely the amount of light admitted to each eye.

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 155:

(optics) An optical device used to generate polarized light.


orbital plane

The plane of ecliptic is the orbital plane of the earth and the other planets in the solar system.

(astronomy) The surface (plane) that contains an orbit.


thermotropic

en-adj

thermotropic (comparative more thermotropic, superlative most thermotropic)

more thermotropic (comparative)
most thermotropic (superlative)

(physics, of a liquid crystal) Exhibiting different phases at different temperatures


nonradioactive

Not radioactive; not generating radioactivity.


nonuniform

(of a polymer) Composed of macromolecular species of differing molar masses.


aspecular

The sample was measured using a multi-angle spectrophotometer, which is capable of measuring each sample under four aspecular angles.

(optics, in surface gloss measurements) Subtended at the origin by the specular axis and the axis of the receiver.


blow a fuse

en-verb

blow a fuse (third-person singular simple present blows a fuse, present participle blowing a fuse, simple past blew a fuse, past participle blown a fuse)

blows a fuse (present singular third-person)
blowing a fuse (participle present)
blew a fuse (past)
blown a fuse (participle past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-blow a fuse.wav

(electricity) To overload a circuit sufficiently that a fuse protecting it melts away (or informally a circuit breaker trips), stopping current from flowing.

faire sauter les plombs

to cause an electrical circuit to break open by overloading it


IFR

Integral Fast Reactor
w:Integral Fast Reactor

(nuclear physics, engineering) Initialism of Integral Fast Reactor.


helicity

en-noun

helicity (countable and uncountable, plural helicities)

The conjecture made in Tsinober and Levich (1983) was that coherent structures should possess a significant coherent helicity.

1991, E. Levich, L. Shtilman, “Helicity Fluctuations and Coherence in Developed Turbulence”, in D. Schertzer, S. Lovejoy, editors, Non-Linear Variability in Geophysics: Scaling and Fractals, Kluwer Academic Publishers, page 18:

The helicity associated with the writhing number is obtained by observing that a torus with twist number ±1 may be distorted into a figure-8 configuration which appears untwisted.[…]Note that at each step the total helicity, consisting of the sum of twist, kink, and link helicities, is conserved.

1995, G. E. Marsh, “2: Helicity and Electrodynamic Field Topology”, in Terence William Barrett, Dale M. Grimes, editors, Advanced Electromagnetism: Foundations, Theory and Applications, World Scientific, page 62:

Thus the total helicity H equals the sum of the entries in a matrix Hᵢⱼ. If N is large then there will be many more mutual helicity terms. In this case ignoring the self helicities (if they are difficult to observe) may only give a small error.

2001, Mitchell A. Berger, “Measures of Topological Structure in Magnetic Fields”, in Renzo L. Ricca, editor, An Introduction to the Geometry and Topology of Fluid Flows, Springer, page 249:

Now conservation of helicity is maintained: the writhe of the loops in the second panel is compensated for by the opposite sign of the twist helicity along the loops.

2016, Eric G. Blackman, “Magnetic Helicity and Large Scale Magnetic Fields: A Primer”, in Andre Balogh, Andrei Bykov, Jonathan Eastwood, Jelle Kaastra, editors, Multi-scale Structure Formation and Dynamics in Cosmic Plasmas, Springer,, page 72:

(physics, fluid mechanics, electrodynamics) Any of certain measures of the extent to which vortex lines (in fluid flow) or field lines (in a magnetic or electromagnetic field) kink and twist and/or link and coil around one another.

fluid mechanics; electrodynamics; fluid mechanics; electrodynamics

helisiteetti

physics: measure of twistedness, linkedness, etc. of vortex or field lines

1989, John Taylor, 17: Gauge theories in particle physics, Paul Davies, The New Physics, Cambridge University Press, 1992, 1st Paperback Edition, page 467,
To understand this name, note that the helicity is, roughly speaking, the spin in the direction of motion.

The experiment was particularly ingenious because, as the neutrino hardly interacts with matter, some way of indirectly measuring its helicity had to be devised.

1999, Gustavo Castelo Branco, Luís Lavoura, João Paulo Silva, CP Violation, Oxford University Press, page 12:

Interpreted in terms of helicity, this means that if the incident electron has positive helicity, then the outgoing electron has positive helicity for forward scattering, and negative helicity for backward scattering.

2010, Franz Mandl, Graham Shaw, Quantum Field Theory, Wiley, page 151:

(physics, quantum mechanics) The quantized spin component of a moving particle along the direction of its motion.


net metering

An electricity billing arrangement where excess energy (especially renewable energy) generated by an electricity consumer is credited towards their future consumption.


deionization

(physical chemistry) The use of ion exchange to remove ionic substances from a solution

afjónun

(physical chemistry) The return of an ionized gas to its neutral state


calomel electrode

calomel electrode (plural calomel electrodes)

(physics, physical chemistry) A reference electrode or half-cell consisting of mercury, mercurous chloride and potassium chloride; used in pH meters and voltmeters.


half cell

(physics, chemistry) Either of the two parts of an electrochemical cell containing an electrode and an electrolyte.


normal hydrogen electrode

normal hydrogen electrode (plural normal hydrogen electrodes)

standard hydrogen electrode
standard hydrogen electrode

standard electrode potential
standard electrode potential

(physics, chemistry) Alternative name for the standard hydrogen electrode; an electrode with a standard electrode potential of zero; used as a standard against which other electrodes are measured.


cloud point

(physical chemistry) The temperature at which one component of a mixture of liquids begins to solidify (or a mixture of liquids starts to become immiscible) on cooling, resulting in visible cloudiness; as for example in diesel fuel in freezing temperatures; the consolute point


apolar

(physical chemistry, physics) Having no dipole


cryoscopic

(physical chemistry, physics) of or pertaining to cryoscopy; determined using a cryoscope


cholesteric

en-adj

cholesteric (comparative more cholesteric, superlative most cholesteric)

more cholesteric (comparative)
most cholesteric (superlative)

From cholesterol, in whose crystals it was first observed, + -ic.

(physics) Of or relating to the chiral nematic phase of some liquid crystals in which the molecules are arranged in parallel planes with adjacent planes rotated slightly

cholestérique

relating to chiral nematic phase of crystals


colligative

From Latin colligātus (“bound together”) + -ive. Coined by Wilhelm Ostwald in 1891.

suf

(physical chemistry, physics) Describing any property that depends only on the number of molecules present.


half shell

en-noun

half shell (countable and uncountable, plural half shells)

(physics, figuratively) Any half of a roughly spherical-like object; any dome-shaped object.


ebullioscopy

(physics) the measurement of the boiling point of liquids


unground

en-verb

unground (third-person singular simple present ungrounds, present participle ungrounding, simple past and past participle ungrounded)

ungrounds (present singular third-person)
ungrounding (participle present)
ungrounded (participle past)
ungrounded (past)

If you unground the extension cord it will cause a shock hazard in that drill.

(transitive, electricity, electronics) To remove a connection to ground potential.


ebullioscope

(physics) An instrument used to measure the boiling point of liquids

沸点测定器

an instrument used to measure the boiling point of liquids


isochoric

From Ancient Greek ἴσος (ísos, “equal”) + χώρα (khṓra, “space”).

(physics, of a thermodynamic process) during which the volume does not change


adsorbable

en-adj

adsorbable (comparative more adsorbable, superlative most adsorbable)

more adsorbable (comparative)
most adsorbable (superlative)

(physical chemistry) Able to be adsorbed


microtoroid

(physics) Any of an array of small ring-shaped structures, normally on the surface of a semiconductor substrate, that function as resonators in photonic devices.


nanocrystalline

nanocrystalline (comparative more nanocrystalline, superlative most nanocrystalline)

more nanocrystalline (comparative)
most nanocrystalline (superlative)

From nano- + crystalline or nanocrystal + -ine.

Of, pertaining to, or composed of nanocrystals


nanocrystal

Dr. Berger and his colleagues created their multisize nanocrystals with one enzyme, in water at room temperature.

2016 May 6, Joanna Klein, “How a Mysterious Bacteria Almost Gave You a Better TV”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

A crystalline entity whose size is measured in nanometers; an individual nanometer-sized crystal of such a material.


hydroxonium

(chemistry) The cation obtained by reacting a proton with water - H₃O⁺; hydronium


multielectronic

multielectronic (comparative more multielectronic, superlative most multielectronic)

more multielectronic (comparative)
most multielectronic (superlative)

(chemistry, physics) Containing, or involving multiple electrons


osmometry

(physics, chemistry) The measurement of osmotic pressure


nematic

nematic (comparative more nematic, superlative most nematic)

more nematic (comparative)
most nematic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek νήματος (nḗmatos), genitive of νῆμα (nêma, “thread”).

(physics, chemistry, of certain liquid crystals) Whose molecules align in loose parallel lines.

nemaattinen

whose molecules align in loose parallel lines


Pirani

Borrowed from either Italian Pirani or Persian پیرانی; the gauge is named after Marcello Stefano Pirani, a German physicist (1880–1968).


scintillator

(physics) Any substance that glows under the action of photons or other high-energy particles

tuikeaine

substance which glows under the action of high-energy particles


smectic

From Latin smecticus, from Ancient Greek σμηκτικός (smēktikós), from σμήχειν (smḗkhein, “to wipe, to cleanse”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic”).

(chemistry, physics) Describing a class of liquid crystals whose molecules are aligned in layers, with the molecules lying perpendicular to the plane of the layers.

smektinen

of a class of liquid crystals whose molecules are aligned in layers


spectrochemistry

(chemistry, physics) The application of spectroscopy to the analysis of chemical compounds.


spectrochemical

(chemistry, physics) Of or pertaining to spectrochemistry


polyamorphism

(chemistry, physics) The existence of multiple amorphous forms of a substance


electrostriction

en-noun

electrostriction (countable and uncountable, plural electrostrictions)

(physics) The mechanical deformation of a dielectric (insulator) in the presence of an electric field


heat exchanger

The transmission oil is cooled in a heat exchanger through which the cooling water is circulated, to assist rapid warming of the engine system and to bring engine and transmission into their true interdependence.

1960 June, “The N.B. Loco. Co. diesel-hydraulic Type "2" locomotive”, in Trains Illustrated, page 345:

(physics) Any device (such as a radiator) that transfers heat from one fluid to another via a separating wall.


dissipationless

en-adj

dissipationless (comparative more dissipationless, superlative most dissipationless)

more dissipationless (comparative)
most dissipationless (superlative)

(physics) That does not involve the dissipation of energy


chromodynamics

quantum chromodynamics
quantum chromodynamics

(physics) The study of the relationship between those quarks that possess the quantum property of color, and exchange gluons; more fully quantum chromodynamics.


dilaton

(physics) A theoretical scalar field (analogous to the photon).

(physics) A particle, associated with gravity, in string theory.


heterotic

heterotic (comparative more heterotic, superlative most heterotic)

more heterotic (comparative)
most heterotic (superlative)

(physics) Describing a hybrid form of string theory (See Heterotic string theory on Wikipedia)


fermionic

(physics) Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of fermions.

fermionowy

of, pertaining to, or characteristic of fermions


exciton

(physics) A bound state of an electron and an electron hole in an insulator or semiconductor


fresnel

For Augustin-Jean Fresnel, French physicist.

(physics) A unit of frequency equal to 10¹² hertz, or one terahertz.


gravitino

(physics) A subatomic particle, related to the graviton, predicted by supersymmetry


gluonic

gluonic (comparative more gluonic, superlative most gluonic)

more gluonic (comparative)
most gluonic (superlative)

The two steps in the gluing of matter—quarks into nucleons, and nucleons into nuclei—remain mysterious, and both will be investigated at cebaf. A series of experiments on hadronic excitations will probe the consistent quark model; others will look for gluonic states or for strange quarks inside the proton or neutron.

1993 August 20, Madhusree Mukerjee, “CEBAF readies its electron beam for studies of nucleons and nuclei”, in Physics Today, volume 46, number 8, →DOI, page 19:

GlueX is an experiment located at the Jefferson Lab, whose purpose is to study nuclear confinement by mapping the spectrum of exotic mesons generated by the excitation of the gluonic field binding the quarks.

2014 March 25, Leo Williams, “Titan Project explores the smallest building blocks of matter”, in Oak Ridge National Laboratory:

A hybrid meson is one with that strong gluonic field being excited. We hope to show that this ‘excited’ gluonic field is an important constituent of matter.

2017 May 3, Cheyenne MacDonald, quoting Curtis Meyer, “Department of Energy's Virginia accelerator reveals breakthrough in detecting potential new form of matter”, in Daily Mail:

(physics) Of, pertaining to, or mediated by gluons.


neutralino

(physics) Any of several hypothetical particles, predicted by supersymmetry, related to neutrinos.


isospin

en-noun

isospin (countable and uncountable, plural isospins)

(physics) A quantum number or symmetry related to the strong interaction.


semiconduction

(physics) The behaviour of a semiconductor


sonoluminescence

(physics) The emission of short bursts of light from imploding bubbles in a liquid when excited by sound.


superspace

(physics) A coordinate space invoked in supersymmetry


thermalization

thermalization (countable and uncountable, plural thermalizations)

(physics) The process of reaching thermal equilibrium by mutual interaction.


quanton

(physics) Any quantum entity that shows the properties of both a particle and a wave


pervaporate

en-verb

pervaporate (third-person singular simple present pervaporates, present participle pervaporating, simple past and past participle pervaporated)

pervaporates (present singular third-person)
pervaporating (participle present)
pervaporated (participle past)
pervaporated (past)

(physical chemistry) To evaporate through a semipermeable membrane, as a method of separating liquids.


quasiperiodic

en-adj

quasiperiodic (comparative more quasiperiodic, superlative most quasiperiodic)

more quasiperiodic (comparative)
most quasiperiodic (superlative)

(physics, of an oscillation) Having two unrelated periods.


electricity meter

en-noun

electricity meter (plural electricity meters)

A device that measures the consumption of electricity, normally in terms of watt-hours

مݣانة

a device that measures the consumption of electricity


cereology

From Ceres (“Roman goddess of agriculture”) + -ology.

suffix

[…] the array of experts who have collaborated to found the Centre for Crop Circle Studies and co-author The Crop Circle Enigma, the parents of cereology […]

1990 October–December, New Scientist, volume 128, London: New Science Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 61:

The result of all this has been to throw the world of cereology into a state of total confusion. All its previous certainties have been demolished.

1991, “Editorial notes”, in The Cereologist: The Journal for Crop Circles Studies, Shepton Mallet, Somerset: The Cereologist, OCLC 877349523, page 5; quoted in Gordon Stein, “Crop Circles”, in The Encyclopedia of the Paranormal, Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1996, ISBN 978-1-57392-021-6, page 185, column 1

Saucer enthusiasts argued that the cropland patterns marked the landing spots of UFOs bearing visitors from space. Believers in the paranormal claimed the circles radiated mysterious energy forces. The patterns spawned a kind of intellectual cottage industry: no fewer than 35 Britons claim to be experts on the phenomenon. A new scientific discipline, cereology, emerged. It is practiced by members of the Circles Effect Research Unit, a privately funded group headed by Wiltshire-based physicist Terence Meaden.

1991 September 23, Leon Jaroff, “It happens in the best circles”, in Time, archived from the original on 2016-11-11:

The world needed to be educated about the mysteries of cereology, and that knowledge base had not been disseminated widely enough for my more "unusual" theories to be accepted, or at least considered, with reason and open-mindedness.

2003, Colin Andrews, Stephen J. Spignesi, “The Path”, in Crop Circles: Signs of Contact, Franklin Lakes, N.J.: New Page Books, →ISBN, page 29, column 1:

The investigation, or practice, of creating crop circles.


achromat

(optics) A lens that imparts little color; a lens that is achromatic.


hectowatt-hour

(physics) A measure of energy, one hundred watt-hours, or one-tenth of a UK "unit" of electricity.


polycatenane

(organic chemistry) Any polymer containing a number of monomers linked in the fashion of a catenane.


anisothermal

anisothermal plasma

(thermodynamics) Of or pertaining to a system that is not in thermal equilibrium, that does not have a single fixed temperature.


catadioptrics

(optics) The construction and use of catadioptric lenses and systems


catadioptric

(optics) Of or pertaining to optical systems that employ both refractive (dioptric) and reflective (catoptric) elements.


twinjet

(physics) Two jets of particles from an event or source.


fermionic condensate

en-noun

fermionic condensate (plural fermionic condensates)

(physics) a superfluid phase formed by fermionic particles at low temperatures


peroxiredoxin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of antioxidant enzymes that mediate signal transduction in mammalian cells.


spin ice

(physics) Any crystalline material in which the behavior of the magnetic moments is analogous to the behavior of the protons in water ice.


aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (plural aminoacyl tRNA synthetases)

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the linkage of a tRNA molecule to an appropriate amino acid during protein synthesis.

Aminoacyl-tRNA-Synthetase

any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the linkage of a tRNA molecule to an appropriate amino acid during protein synthesis


sulphiredoxin

(biochemistry) Any of a family of antioxidant enzymes that work with peroxiredoxin


aplanatic

en-adj

aplanatic (comparative more aplanatic, superlative most aplanatic)

more aplanatic (comparative)
most aplanatic (superlative)

spherical aberration
spherical aberration

chromatic aberration
chromatic aberration

(optics, of an optical system) Free from, or corrected for, spherical aberration and chromatic aberration

aplanétique

free from, or corrected for, spherical aberration and chromatic aberration


aplanat

For comparison, an aplanat of a focus catalogued at 16 inches, actually found by experiment to have a focus of 16 11-16 inches, was used.

1894, W. K. Burton, “The Zeiss Anastigmatic Lenses”, in Julius F. Sachse, editor, American Journal of Photography, Volume XV, page 4:

2009, Gérard René Lemaitre, Astronomical Optics and Elasticity Theory, Springer, Astronomy and Astrophysics Library, Corrected 3rd printing, page 11,
[…] which is totally false since he established the algebraic conditions for thin-lens achromatic aplanats;

Some infra-red detectors are sold already embedded in a plastic aplanat.

2014, J. F. James, An Introduction to Practical Laboratory Optics, Cambridge University Press, page 171:

(optics) A lens that has been corrected for spherical aberration and coma in order to produce a rectilinear image.

aplanat

lens corrected for spherical aberration and coma


aperiodic

aperiodic (comparative more aperiodic, superlative most aperiodic)

more aperiodic (comparative)
most aperiodic (superlative)

(physics) That does not have a periodic vibration


contrafield

(physics) An electric field that produces an effect of deceleration on charges that pass through it


GW

gravitational wave
gravitational wave#English

(astronomy, astrophysics, physics) Initialism of gravitational wave.


SG

en-noun

SG (countable and uncountable, plural SGs)

specific gravity
specific gravity#English

(physics) Initialism of specific gravity.


alternate universe

alternate universe (plural alternate universes)

The first credible suggestion that alternate universes might exist came in the early 1950s when a young physics graduate student named Hugh Everett was toying with some of the more bizarre implications of quantum mechanics.

2000 April 10, Michael D. Lemonick, “Will We Discover Another Universe?”, in Time:

(physics, cosmology) A hypothetical world situated in a different dimension of space and time than the real world consisting of the universe known and experienced by human beings.


perturber

This moon is a significant perturber.


Brownian

en-adj

Brownian (comparative more Brownian, superlative most Brownian)

more Brownian (comparative)
most Brownian (superlative)

Of or relating to botanist Robert Brown (1773-1858), who investigated the movement of pollen suspended in water.

(physics) Pertaining to motion caused by the random vibration of molecules (Brownian motion).


sublevel

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sublevel.wav


trijet

(physics) Three jets of particles from an event or source.


SPM

en-noun

SPM (countable and uncountable, plural SPMs)

scanning probe microscopy
scanning probe microscopy#English

(microscopy, uncountable) Initialism of scanning probe microscopy.

scanning probe microscope
scanning probe microscope#English

(microscopy, countable) Initialism of scanning probe microscope.


trication

(chemistry) Any cation, of general formula X³⁺, formed by the removal of three electrons from a neutral species


tetracation

Any cation, of general formula X⁴⁺, formed by the removal of four electrons from a neutral species


dication

Any cation, of general formula X²⁺, formed by the removal of two electrons from a neutral species


Fano effect

circularly polarized light
circularly polarized light

(physics) The polarization of the spin of electrons produced when alkali atoms absorb circularly polarized light; any of several similar quantum optical effects


Fresnel zone plate

Fresnel zone plate (plural Fresnel zone plates)

(physics) An optical device that uses diffraction through alternate transparent and opaque rings to function as a lens


dynamicist

(mechanics) A person who studies dynamics.


COM

(physics) Initialism of centre of momentum.


angular momentum

angular momentum (plural angular momenta)

(physics) The vector product that describes the rotary inertia of a system about an axis and is conserved in a closed system. For an isolated rigid body, it is a measure of the extent to which an object will continue to rotate in the absence of an applied torque.


accelerator mass spectrometry

accelerator mass spectrometry (uncountable)

(physics) A form of mass spectrometry in which ions are accelerated to extraordinarily high kinetic energies before mass analysis.


radioactive dating

radioactive dating (usually uncountable, plural radioactive datings)

The process of determining the age of a material by estimating the amount of radioactive decay of one or more radioisotopes present in the material when it was formed.

radioaktiivinen iänmääritys

process of determining age by estimating radioactive decay


radiometric dating

radiometric dating (plural radiometric datings)

Perhaps the most significant achievement of radiometric dating over the past two decades has been to provide an absolute calibration, in years, for the traditional sedimentary time scale.

1984, Don L. Eicher, Arcie Lee McAlester, Marcia L. Rottman, The History of the Earth's Crust, Prentice-Hall, page 16:

Radiometric dating of Moon rocks and meteorites has enabled us to determine that the age of the Earth is approximately 4.6 billion years.

1999, Stanley Chernicoff, Haydn A. Fox, Essentials of Geology, Houghton Mifflin, page 150:

For various reasons, we have discarded the radiometric datings obtained in minero-metallurgical regions of Huelva province:[…].

2001, Maria Eugenia Aubet, translated by Mary Turton, The Phoenicians and the West, 2nd edition, Cambridge University Press, page 379:

The first is radiometric dating of meteorites and rocks from the surface of the moon.

2002, Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology, Volume 6, Academic Press, page 639:

radioactive dating
radioactive dating#English


diclinous

From di- (“two”) + κλίνη (klínē, “bed”) + -ous.

yksineuvoinen

having stamens and pistils in different flowers


polyspast

From Latin polyspaston (“hoisting-tackle with many pulleys”), from Ancient Greek πολύσπαστον (polúspaston, “compound pulley”).

der

(mechanics) A windlass with many pulleys and truckles


boojum

Fouquieria columnaris
Lewis Carroll
The Hunting of the Snark
boojum

Nonsense word from The Hunting of the Snark by Lewis Carroll.

(physics) A geometric pattern sometimes observed on the surface of superfluid helium-3.


deaminase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyses deamination


alpha decay

(physics) Radioactive decay by emitting an alpha particle.

阿爾法衰變

radioactive decay by emitting an alpha particle


anergy

en-noun

anergy (countable and uncountable, plural anergies)

From New Latin anergia, from Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-, “not, without”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”).

The maximum fraction of an energy form which (in a reversible process) can be transformed into work is called exergy. The remaining part is called anergy, and this corresponds to the waste heat.

2002, J. Honerkamp, Statistical Physics, page 298:

(physics) Dilute or disorganized energy, which cannot be transformed into work.

anergia

energy which cannot be transformed into work


decuplet

From decuple (“multiply by ten”) + -et (“forming diminutives”).

af

(physics) A collection of spin-3/2 baryons described in the eightfold way.