complementary

en-adj

complementary (comparative more complementary, superlative most complementary)

more complementary (comparative)
most complementary (superlative)

Heisenberg uncertainty principle
Heisenberg uncertainty principle

(physics) Pertaining to pairs of properties in quantum mechanics that are inversely related to each other, such as speed and position, or energy and time. (See also Heisenberg uncertainty principle.)


hydrophobic

hydrophobic (comparative more hydrophobic, superlative most hydrophobic)

more hydrophobic (comparative)
most hydrophobic (superlative)

hydrophilic

antonym(s) of “lacking an affinity for water”

(physics, chemistry) Lacking an affinity for water; unable to absorb or to be wetted by water.


Bob

Probably from a medieval hypocorism of Rob.

The key that Alice and Bob are to share cannot be transmitted in the clear. Either it must be enciphered when sent, or Alice and Bob must derive it without an exhange of data from which the key can be derived.

2003, Matt Bishop, Computer Security: Art and Science, Addison-Wesley Professional, →ISBN, page 247:

(cryptography, physics) The person or system receiving a message or signal from a source conventionally known as Alice.


Xi

(physics) Alternative form of xi/Ξ Ellipsis of xi baryon.


urania

(mineralogy) Any of several impure mixtures of uranium oxides.


neutron bomb

An atomic bomb that produces a greater amount of neutrons, and a lesser amount of blast; the intention being to create equal lethal neutron radiation and blast radii which increases the effectiveness of the weapon against armour while reducing collateral damage.


PK

en-noun

PK (countable and uncountable, plural PKs)

(biochemistry) Initialism of protein kinase.


einstein

From German ein Stein, "one stone", coined by scientists in recent decades, but with tongue-in-cheek tacit acknowledgment of the homonymy with einstein and Einstein; "a pun playing with the famous scientist's name and the German term "ein Stein" for "one stone".

In less poetic terms, an einstein is an “aperiodic monotile,” a shape that tiles a plane, or an infinite two-dimensional flat surface, but only in a nonrepeating pattern. (The term “einstein” comes from the German “ein stein,” or “one stone” — more loosely, “one tile” or “one shape.”)

2023 March 28, Siobhan Roberts, “Elusive ‘Einstein’ Solves a Longstanding Math Problem. And it all began with a hobbyist “messing about and experimenting with shapes””, in New York Times, retrieved 2023-03-28:

(mathematics, physics) A shape that can be repeated to cover a plane with a nonrepeating pattern.


sphenoid

From New Latin sphenoides, from Ancient Greek σφηνοειδής (sphēnoeidḗs, “wedge-shaped”), from σφήν (sphḗn, “wedge”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-form, -like”).

af

(crystallography) A wedge-shaped crystal bounded by four equal isosceles triangles; the hemihedral form of a square pyramid.


atomic nucleus

(physics) A nucleus of an atom; consisting of protons and neutrons, surrounded by an electron cloud.


PBR

en-noun

PBR (countable and uncountable, plural PBRs)

pebble-bed reactor
pebble-bed reactor#English

(nuclear physics, engineering) Initialism of pebble-bed reactor.


atomic mass unit

atomic mass unit (plural atomic mass units)

(physical chemistry) A unit of mass equal to 1/12 the mass of an atom of ¹²C (carbon-12, an isotope of carbon).

原子質量單位

a unit of mass equal to 1/12 the mass of an atom of the 12C isotope of carbon


Van Allen belt

Van Allen radiation belt
Van Allen radiation belt#English

(astrophysics) Synonym of Van Allen radiation belt


Van Allen radiation belt

Van Allen radiation belt (plural Van Allen radiation belts)

From James Alfred Van Allen, US physicist.

(astronomy, physics) Either of two torus-shaped areas of high-energy charged particles which partly surround Earth, trapped by its magnetic field. The areas are characterised by intense radiation. When the belts "overload", particles strike the upper atmosphere and fluoresce, causing the polar aurora.

James Alfred Van Allen
Van Allen radiation belt

Van Allenin säteilyvyöhyke

either of two torus-shaped areas circling Earth


fluoresce

en-verb

fluoresce (third-person singular simple present fluoresces, present participle fluorescing, simple past and past participle fluoresced)

fluoresces (present singular third-person)
fluorescing (participle present)
fluoresced (participle past)
fluoresced (past)

The blinding light did not hurt, it filled him, he glowed, all his veins fluoresced, each one alive with new growth.

1974, John Boorman, Zardoz, London: Pan Books, page 98:

electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation

(intransitive, physics) To emit electromagnetic radiation, especially visible light, when absorbing radiation of some other wavelength.

During right robotic thymectomy, fluorescence imaging facilitates identification of the contralateral phrenic nerve by fluorescing the pericardiophrenic vessels.

2012, Oliver J. Wagner, Brian E. Louie, Eric Vallières, Ralph W. Aye, Alexander S. Farivar, “Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Can Help Identify the Contralateral Phrenic Nerve During Robotic Thymectomy”, in The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, volume 94, →DOI, page 622:

(transitive, physics) To cause to fluoresce; to make fluorescent.


photology

A branch of physics that deals with light or the study of light and its effects.


cubewano

From Acronym of QB1. + -o.
Derived from QB1 ("cue bee one"), short for (15760) 1992 QB1, the first such object discovered

(astronomy) Any Kuiper belt object whose orbit is not determined by resonance with Neptune (orbit ~ 40-50 AU).


corium

(anatomy) The deep layer of mucous membranes beneath the epithelium.

Passing by the Corium Bubulum of the Classical Ancients, we see in an old charter, dated 1036, "Stallus Sutoris Vaccæ," i. e. the stall of a shoe-maker who used cow-skin.

1825, Thomas Dudley Fosbroke, Encyclopaedia of antiquities, and elements of archaeology, classical and mediæval:

(historical) Armour made of leather, particularly that used by the Romans.


corium

From core + -ium. Apparently coined in 1974 by Martin Peehs, a German nuclear engineer.

1974, Martin Peehs, “Investigations of molten "corium" phases”, in Thermodynamics of Nuclear Materials, volume 1, Vienna: International Atomic Agency IAEA-SM-190/10:

Mexico was given $100,000 to do a series of experiments in which small amounts (10 to 20 grams) of stainless steel and corium (a mixture of 55 percent iron, 10 percent zirconium, and 35 percent uranium dioxide) will be melted and then flooded with water in an arc-melting chamber.

1975 21 October, Hearings on the Nuclear Initiative: Technological Concerns in Nuclear Reactor Safety, Sacramento (CA): California Legislature Assembly Committee on Resources, Land Use, and Energy:

Previous studies of the thermal behavior of corium in a degraded nuclear reactor have focussed primarily on the process of heat transfer within the corium.

1991, Sheau-Wen Shiah, Fan-bill B. Cheung, Dae-Ho Cho, Michael J. Tan, Louis Baker Jr., “Numerical Modeling of Corium/Steel Structure Interaction with Downfacing Boiling Boundary Conditions”, in Chung, Franklin, Hochreiter, Larry E., editors, Numerical Modelling of Basic Heat Transfer Phenomena in Nuclear Systems, presented at the 28th National Heat Transfer Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, July 28-31, 1991, New York (NY): American Society of Mechanical Engineers, page 31:

2009, Wei Wei, Xing-rong Cao, “The Simulation of Corium Dispersion in Direct Containment Heating Accidents”, in Zero Carbon Energy Kyoto 2009:

The materials of the nuclear reactor—nuclear oxide fuel and fission products, cladding, metallic alloys, moderator, absorbers, structural materials, coolants, concrete, and so on, could melt to form complex, multiphases, and aggressive mixtures known by the general term corium.

2011, Pascal Piluso, “Appendix 1: Corium Thermodynamics and Thermophysics, 2. Corium Thermophysics”, in Bal Raj Seghal, editor, Nuclear Safety in Light Water Reactors: Severe Accident Phenomenology, Waltham (MA): Academic Press, →ISBN, page 664:

CORIUM: INIS: 1977-10-17; ETDE: 1977-06-02 Molten mixture of fuel, cladding and other core structural material resulting from a meltdown accident.

2019 October, INIS [International Nuclear Information System] Thesaurus, Multilingual version, IAEA-INIS Reference Series IAEA-INIS-01 (2019/10), Vienna: IAEA [International Atomic Energy Agency], →ISSN, page 264:

(nuclear physics) A lavalike mixture of fissile material created in a nuclear reactor's core during a nuclear meltdown.


space-time

en-noun

space-time (countable and uncountable, plural space-times)

A mass effect drive core decreases the mass of a bubble of space-time around a ship. This gives the ship the potential to move quickly, but does not apply any motive power.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Starships: Thrusters Codex entry:


principle of relativity

(relativity) The principle that only the motion of objects relative to one another can be measured, and that there is no absolute frame of reference.

相對性原理

principle that only motion of objects can be measured


CGS

(physics) Initialism of centimeter-gram-second; a system of measurement taking these as its fundamental units, now replaced by the SI system.


ER

ER (countable and uncountable, plural ERs)

Coordinate term: EPR

Einstein-Rosen bridge
Einstein-Rosen bridge#English

(physics) Initialism of Einstein-Rosen bridge.


invertase

invertase (usually uncountable, plural invertases)

The costs incurred for the processing of sucrose with invertase could be considerably reduced with the introduction of immobilised invertases, by adopting technology similar to that developed for glucose isomerase.

1995, L. F. J. Woods, S. J. Swinton, “8: Enzymes in the starch and sugar industries”, in Gregory A. Tucker, L.F.J. Woods, editors, Enzymes in Food Processing, page 257:

The disaccharide sucrose and the trisaccharide raffinose are both substrates of invertase. Invertase is encoded by the SUC genes from which six unlinked loci have been identified (SUC1-SUC5, SUC7), which are dipersed through the yeast genome (Lampen, 1968; Ouwehand and van Wijk, 1972; Ottolenghi, 1971).

1997, Karl-Dieter Entian, Hans-Joachim Schüller, “Chapter 13: Genetics of Di- and Trisaccharide Utilization”, in Friedrich K. Zimmermann, Karl-Dieter Entian, editors, Yeast Sugar Metabolism, page 226:

Up-regulation of these invertases is a common response to infection (Hall and Williams, 2000).

2004, J. S. C. Clark, P. T. N. Spencer-Phillips, “The Compatible Interaction in Downy Mildew Infections”, in Peter Spencer-Phillips, Michael J. Jeger, editors, Advances in Downy Mildew Research, volume 2, page 18:

2013, Maria Kamiko Kadowaki, Rite de Cássia Garcia Simão, Jose Luís da Conceição Silva, Clarice Aoki Osaku, Luis Henrique Souza Guimarāes, 1: Biotechnical Advances in Fungal Invertases, Maria de Lourdes T. M. Polizeli, Mahendra Rai (editors), Fungal Enzymes, page 14,
The methods used for the immobilization of fungal invertases include adsorption, covalent binding, cross-linking and entrapment (Uzun et al. 2011).
Nelson and Griffin (1916) reported that invertase was the first enzyme to be immobilized, and it was bound on charcoal and aluminium hydroxide. Subsequently, mant fungal invertases have been immobilized onto a variety of media […] .

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose (invert sugar), used by bees to produce honey and in the food industry to soften chocolate.


TLD

(physics) Abbreviation of thermoluminescent detector.

(physics) Abbreviation of thermoluminescent device.

(physics) Abbreviation of thermoluminescent dosimeter.


induction

induction (countable and uncountable, plural inductions)

Inherited from Middle English induction, from Old French induction, from Latin inductiō, from indūcō (“I lead”). By surface analysis, induct + -ion or induce + -tion.

(physics) Generation of an electric current by a varying magnetic field.

индукция

generation of an electric current by a varying magnetic field


aerostatics

(physics) the study of gases in equilibrium and of balloons or aircraft in varying atmospheric conditions


electrophoresis

electrophoresis (countable and uncountable, plural electrophoreses)

(electricity) the migration of electrically charged molecules through a medium under the influence of an electric field


lever arm

(physics) The distance between the point of application of a force and the axis.

hefboomarm

distance between the point of application and axis


quantization

quantization (countable and uncountable, plural quantizations)

quantum field theory
quantum field theory

classical field theory
classical field theory

(countable, physics) A procedure for constructing a quantum field theory starting from a classical field theory; to represent by quanta


DPS

DPS (countable and uncountable, plural DPSs)

(nuclear physics) Initialism of disintegration per second.


PSO

(Pakistan) Abbreviation of Pakistan State Oil.


triplet

PIE word
 *tréyes
From triple + -et, q.v.

A set of three, particularly
(physics) A triquark.

A set of three, particularly
A triquark.

(physics) A quantum state with three allowed projections for the spin.


breather

From breathe + -er (agent noun suffix) or + -er (relational noun suffix).

(physics) A spatially localized, time-periodic excitation in a one-dimensional lattice.

(mechanics) An air inlet path to the crankcase


PD

PD (countable and uncountable, plural PDs)

partial discharge
partial discharge#English

(electricity) Initialism of partial discharge.


astrophysics

The branch of astronomy or physics that deals with the physical properties of celestial bodies and with the interaction between matter and radiation in celestial bodies and in the space between them.

astrofizikë

interdisciplinary branch of astronomy and physics


FCC

Future Circular Collider
w:Future Circular Collider

(particle physics) Initialism of Future Circular Collider.


EC

EC (countable and uncountable, plural ECs)

electron capture
electron capture#English


BIPM

w:International Bureau of Weights and Measures

(physics, standardization) Initialism of International Bureau of Weights and Measures. (French abbreviation)


CGPM

w:General Conference on Weights and Measures

(physics, standardization) Initialism of General Conference on Weights and Measures. (French abbreviation)


urokinase

urokinase (countable and uncountable, plural urokinases)

deep vein thrombosis
deep vein thrombosis

(biochemistry) A protease, found in the urine, which converts plasminogen to plasmin, and is used in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis.


NRC

Nuclear Regulatory Commission
w:Nuclear Regulatory Commission

(US) Initialism of Nuclear Regulatory Commission.


multiplier

(physics) Any of several devices used to enhance a signal

(physics, obsolete) a coil; when Johann Schweigger in 1820 invented the electric coil, increasing the electro-magnetic field from a single wire, this invention was called a multiplier.


ARV

alien reproduction vehicle
alien reproduction vehicle#English

(ufology) Initialism of alien reproduction vehicle.


adaptive enzyme

adaptive enzyme (plural adaptive enzymes)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that is present in the cell only under conditions in which it is clear of adaptive value.


CPA

CPA (countable and uncountable, plural CPAs)

certified public accountant
certified public accountant#English

(US, Philippines, accounting) Initialism of certified public accountant.

cyproterone acetate
cyproterone acetate#English

(organic chemistry, pharmacology) Abbreviation of cyproterone acetate.

Christian Palestinian Aramaic
Christian Palestinian Aramaic#English

(Semitistics) Abbreviation of Christian Palestinian Aramaic.

chosen-plaintext attack
chosen-plaintext attack#English

(computer security) Abbreviation of chosen-plaintext attack.


MAD

MAD (countable and uncountable, plural MADs)

Coordinate term: SANE

magnetically-arrested disc
magnetically-arrested disc#English

(astrophysics) Acronym of magnetically-arrested disc (a type of black hole accretion disc).


DP

DP (countable and uncountable, plural DPs)

(nuclear physics) Initialism of decay product.


VCR

Vavilov–Cherenkov radiation
w:Cherenkov radiation

(physics) Initialism of Vavilov–Cherenkov radiation.


LF

LF (countable and uncountable, plural LFs)

(optics, imaging, photography) Abbreviation of light field.


I

head

I (first person singular subject personal pronoun, objective me, possessive my, possessive pronoun mine, reflexive myself)

en-pron

me (objective)
my (possessive)
mine (possessive pronoun without-noun)
myself (reflexive)

From Middle English I (also ik, ich), from Old English ih (also ic, iċċ (“I”)), from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ik, *ek (“I”), from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂ (“I”).
Cognate with Scots I, ik, A (“I”), Saterland Frisian iek (“I”), West Frisian ik (“I”), Dutch ik (“I”), Low German ik (“I”), German ich (“I”), Bavarian i (“I”), Yiddish איך (ikh, “I”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål jeg (“I”), Norwegian Nynorsk eg (“I”), Swedish jag (“I”), Icelandic ég, eg (“I”), Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik, “I”), and more remotely with Latin ego (“I”), Ancient Greek ἐγώ (egṓ, “I”), Russian я (ja, “I”), Lithuanian aš (“I”), Armenian ես (es, “I”), Sanskrit अहम् (ahám, “I”), Hittite 𒌑𒊌 (ūk, “I”). See also English ich. Doublet of ego and Ich.
Capitalized since 13th century to mark it as a distinct word and prevent misreading and omission (due to cursive writing).

[…]It ill beſeemes a knight of gentle ſort, / Such as ye haue him boaſted, to beguyle / A ſimple maide, and worke ſo hainous tort, / In ſhame of knighthood, as I largely can report.

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 414:

Here I am, sir.
Audio: (file)

1854, Gustave Chouquet, Easy Conversations in French, page 9

I know I have a pen, though…
Audio (US): (file)

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

The speaker or writer, referred to as the grammatical subject, of a sentence.

(usually indicated by the suffix only) -ok, -ek, -ök

mình

Vietnamese uses a series of kinship terms, names and professions for both "I" and "you" (instead of professions), depending on gender, age, social status and relationship between speakers.


I

head

I (upper case, lower case i, plural Is or I's)

Old French i, from Latin ī, from Etruscan I (i).

The ninth letter of the English alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.


I

The ordinal number ninth, derived from this letter of the English alphabet, called i and written in the Latin script.


I

en-noun

I (countable and uncountable, plural Is)

instrumental case
instrumental case#English

(grammar) Abbreviation of instrumental case.

(computing) Abbreviation of instruction.


NMR

nuclear magnetic resonance
nuclear magnetic resonance#English

Initialism of nuclear magnetic resonance.


SPECT

computed tomography
computed tomography#English

Acronym of single-photon emission computed tomography.

Single-photon emission computed tomography


PSR

primary surveillance radar
w:primary surveillance radar

(aviation) Initialism of primary surveillance radar.

Initialism of police service representative, an LAPD dispatcher.

(aviation, navigation) Initialism of point of safe return.


EBIT

(physics) Acronym of electron beam ion trap.


LIR

(physics) Initialism of laser-induced reaction.


PES

PES (countable and uncountable, plural PESes)

(physics) Initialism of potential energy surface.


shadowgraph

(physics) An optical technique of visualizing patterns of fluid flow by using differences in refractive index


CMS

compact muon solenoid
w:Compact Muon Solenoid

(physics, atom) Initialism of compact muon solenoid.


resilience

resilience (countable and uncountable, plural resiliences)

From resilio + -ence, from Latin resiliō (“to spring back”).

(physics) The physical property of material that can resume its shape after being stretched or deformed; elasticity.


DOF

degree(s) of freedom
degree of freedom#English

(physics) Initialism of degree(s) of freedom.


antiparticle

There could be whole antiworlds and antipeople made out of antiparticles. However, if you meet your antiself, don't shake hands!

1988, Stephen Hawking, A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes, page 75:

Particles of matter and antimatter are identical, except for an opposite electrical charge. An electron has a negative charge whereas its antiparticle, the positron, has a positive charge, and both have an identical mass.

2010 November 19, Alok Jha, “We can't see antimatter but it really does matter”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(physics) A subatomic particle corresponding to another particle with the same mass, spin and mean lifetime but with charge, parity, strangeness and other quantum numbers flipped in sign; a particle that has a reversed world line to another.


antineutron

(physics) The antiparticle corresponding to a neutron.

antineutroi

the antiparticle corresponding to a neutron


antiproton

There were also particles no one had predicted that just appeared. Five of them […, i]n order of increasing modernity, […] are the neutrino, the pi meson, the antiproton, the quark and the Higgs boson.

2012 March-April, Jeremy Bernstein, “A Palette of Particles”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 146:

(physics) The antiparticle of the proton, having a negative electric charge.


antineutrino

(physics) The antiparticle of the neutrino.


rapidity

rapidity (countable and uncountable, plural rapidities)

From rapid + -ity, from French rapidité, from Latin rapiditas.

(physics) A measure of velocity relative to the speed of light

(physics) A measure of the velocity of a particle in a beam relative to the beam's axis


antimatter

antimatter (usually uncountable, plural antimatters)

[ˈæ.ɾ̃iˌmæ.ɾɚ]

From anti- + matter. Coined by British physicist Arthur Schuster in 1898 to describe matter that resists gravity in a jocular article in Nature titled "Potential Matter.—A Holiday Dream", but not used in a modern sense until the 1940s.

coin

But most theories predict that equal amounts of matter and antimatter should have been produced during the big bang, and the mystery of what happened to all the antimatter is a central question in fundamental physics.

2023 September 27, Hannah Devlin, “Scientists find antimatter is subject to gravity”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(physics) Matter that is composed of the antiparticles of those that constitute normal matter.

(physics) A form of matter that has a key property, such as charge, opposite to that of ordinary matter.


roentgen

/ˈɹɜːnt.ɡən/


curie

Borrowed from French curie. Named after French physicist Pierre Curie (1859–1906).

named-after

3.7×10¹⁰ decays per second, as a unit of radioactivity. Symbol Ci.


curate

(inorganic chemistry) An oxyanion of curium; any salt containing such an anion.


AMS

en-noun

AMS (countable and uncountable, plural AMSes)

mass spectrometry
mass spectrometry#English

(physics) Initialism of accelerator mass spectrometry.


STM

STM (countable and uncountable, plural STMs)

(microscopy) Initialism of scanning tunneling microscope.


elastance

elastance (countable and uncountable, plural elastances)

Mechanical–electrical analogies
Oliver Heaviside

* From elastic + -ance.
* (physics): Coined by Oliver Heaviside. There is a force–voltage electromechanical analogy in which capacitance corresponds to the inverse of a spring constant; the smaller the spring constant, the more “elastic” (yielding, flexible) the spring is.

(physics) An electrical property that is the inverse of capacitance.

(medicine) A measurement of the tendency of the lung, urinary bladder, gallbladder or other cavity to recoil inwards.


mobility

mobility (countable and uncountable, plural mobilities)

From Middle French mobilité, and its source, Latin mōbilitās (“mobility”).

(chiefly physics) The degree to which particles of a liquid or gas are in movement.


CCC

CCC (countable and uncountable, plural CCCs)

countercurrent chromatography
countercurrent chromatography#English

(physical chemistry, analytical chemistry) Initialism of countercurrent chromatography.


TARDIS

Coined in 1963 for the British science-fiction programme Doctor Who; said to stand for "Time and Relative Dimension(s) in Space".

'While I was in the Rani's TARDIS, I made an adjustment or two.' He chuckled, remembering the occasion.

1986, Pip & Jane Baker, chapter 19, in The Mark of the Rani, page 129:

The Master's essence escapes his funeral urn and lands the TARDIS in San Francisco on December 30, 1999.

2000, Fraser A. Sherman, Cyborgs, Santa Claus, and Satan, page 57:

I want the ground to swallow me up. I want to hide in a corner, curl up, and weep, sucking my thumb. I want the TARDIS to appear and take me away.

2004, Will Hadcroft, The Feeling's Unmutual: Growing up with Asperger Syndrome (Undiagnosed), page 16:

The time machine and spacecraft used by the Doctor in the British sci-fi television series Doctor Who, which is larger on the inside than its exterior (that of a British police box) suggests, or any of the conceptually similar time machines used by other members of the Doctor's race, the Time Lords.


TARDIS

This unassuming Georgian terrace house, located within five minutes walk of the busy commercial and tourist heart of Bath in Somerset, is like a veritable TARDIS of astronomical history and discovery, with more to see on the inside than its [exterior suggests].

2008, in Astronomy Now, volume 22, issues 7–12, page 36

Alternative form of Tardis (something which resembles the bigger-on-the-inside time machine from the series Doctor Who).


quantum teleportation

quantum teleportation (usually uncountable, plural quantum teleportations)

quantum entanglement
quantum entanglement

(quantum mechanics) the instantaneous transference of a quantum state to a distant location using quantum entanglement and the transmission of classical information


quantum state

As you should (hopefully) remember, a quantum state in NRQM is an abstract vector in an abstract vector space, analogous to a physical vector in 3D physical space. The same thing is true in RQM and QFT.

2013, Robert D. Klauber, Student Friendly Quantum Field Theory, 2nd edition, Fairfield, IA: Sandtrove Press, published 2018, →ISBN, §3.11.4, page 68:

(quantum mechanics) Any of the possible states of a quantum mechanical system.


teleportation

Coined by Charles Fort in his 1931 book Lo! from tele- + transportation.

Any of many (mostly hypothetical or fictional) processes of moving matter from one spatial point to another without physically crossing the space in between and which are often depicted or described as happening instantaneously, and through dematerialization or gateways.

إِنْتِقَال آنِي

process of moving matter from one point to another


quantum entanglement

quantum entanglement (countable and uncountable, plural quantum entanglements)

(quantum mechanics) A quantum mechanical phenomenon in which the quantum states of two or more objects have to be described with reference to each other, even though the individual objects are spatially separated.

ക്വാണ്ടം എൻടാംഗിൾമെന്റ്

kvāṇṭaṁ eṉṭāṅgiḷmenṟŭ


rennet

rennet (countable and uncountable, plural rennets)

From Middle English renet, a variant of renelesse, renels, renlys, rendlys (“rennet”), from rennen (“to run”), from Old English rennan, from Proto-Germanic *rannijaną. Compare Middle Dutch rinsel, runsel (“rennet”), Middle English irennen (“to curdle; to run”), Old English ġerennan (“to coagulate”), German gerinnen (“to coagulate; congeal”).

cog

An enzyme used as the first step in making cheese, to curdle the milk and coagulate the casein in it, derived by soaking the fourth stomach of a milk-fed calf in brine.


MAO

monoamine oxidase
monoamine oxidase#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of monoamine oxidase.


trypsin

en-noun

trypsin (countable and uncountable, plural trypsins)

From Ancient Greek τρῖψις (trîpsis, “rubbing”) + -in, since the substance was first found on rubbing down the pancreas with glycerine.

af

(biochemistry) A digestive enzyme that cleaves peptide bonds (a serine protease)


röntgen

/ˈɹɜːnt.ɡən/

(physics) a unit of exposure to ionizing radiation


AAS

(physics) Initialism of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy.


IPC

(chemistry, physics) Initialism of Integrated Physics and Chemistry.


mutual induction

(physics) the production of an electric current in a circuit by a changing current in a nearby one


mutual inductance

en-noun

mutual inductance (countable and uncountable, plural mutual inductances)

(physics) The ratio of the voltage in a circuit to the change in current in a neighboring circuit.


ETI

Ethical Trading Initiative
Extraterrestrial intelligence

Initialism of Ethical Trading Initiative.


AO

(quantum mechanics, physical chemistry) Initialism of atomic orbital.


electrochemical potential

The potential energy in an electric cell or battery.


electromotive

(physics) of, relating to, or producing the movement of electrons (an electric current)


electrochemical cell

electrochemical cell (plural electrochemical cells)

A container containing an electrolyte and two electrodes; used to produce direct current electricity; one or more of them constitute a battery.


electric potential

electric potential (countable and uncountable, plural electric potentials)

(electricity) The potential energy per unit charge at a point in a static electric field.


magnetomotive force

magnetomotive force (countable and uncountable, plural magnetomotive forces)

(physics) The force associated with a magnetic field and that produces magnetic flux; it is the work required to carry a magnetic monopole of unit strength once round a magnetic circuit; measured in ampere-turns.


ponderable

en-adj

ponderable (comparative more ponderable, superlative most ponderable)

more ponderable (comparative)
most ponderable (superlative)

[T]he imponderability of heat did not appear to the philosophers of the eighteenth century to be a sufficient reason for excluding it from the list of chemical elements; and... there was... doubt... whether caloric was ponderable or not.

1910, E. T. Whittaker, A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity, Dublin University Press, published 1910, page 35:

(physics) Having a detectable amount of matter; having a measurable mass.


reversible

/ɹəˈvɜː(ɹ)sɪbəl/

Probably from Middle French, equivalent to reverse + -ible.

(physics, of a phase change) Capable of returning to the original state.

(thermodynamics) Capable of returning to the original state without consumption of free energy and increase of entropy.


electromotive force

en-noun

electromotive force (countable and uncountable, plural electromotive forces)

(physics) Potential energy (not force) divided by electric charge; measured in volts

電動勢

potential energy divided by electric charge


subatomic particle

subatomic particle (plural subatomic particles)

Any of many units of matter smaller than an atom.


EMF

EMF (countable and uncountable, plural EMFs)

electromotive force
electromotive force#English

(physics) Initialism of electromotive force.

electromagnetic field
electromagnetic field#English

(physics) Initialism of electromagnetic field.


alternating current

alternating current (countable and uncountable, plural alternating currents)

alternating currents (plural)
as AC (abbreviation)

(physics) An electric current in which the direction of flow of the electrons reverses periodically.

wisselstroom

electric current that reverses direction periodically

знакопереме́нный ток m периодический двунаправленный переменный ток


ionize

en-verb

ionize (third-person singular simple present ionizes, present participle ionizing, simple past and past participle ionized)

ionizes (present singular third-person)
ionizing (participle present)
ionized (participle past)
ionized (past)

(physical chemistry) To dissociate atoms or molecules into electrically charged species; to be thus dissociated.

أَيَّنَ

to dissociate atoms or molecules into electrically charged species


inductance

en-noun

inductance (countable and uncountable, plural inductances)

The power cable itself has enough inductance to disrupt the digital signal of the video output cable, due to poor shielding.

(physics) The property of an electric circuit by which a voltage is induced in it by a changing magnetic field.


repulsive

en-adj

repulsive (comparative more repulsive, superlative most repulsive)

more repulsive (comparative)
most repulsive (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French repulsif, from Medieval Latin repulsivus, from Latin repulsus.


direct current

en-noun

direct current (countable and uncountable, plural direct currents)

direct currents (plural)
DC (abbreviation)

(physics) An electric current that always flows in the same direction but may differ in intensity over time.

tasavirtapiiri

an electric circuit in which voltage and current do not vary with time


inverter

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) A power inverter.


electrolyte

electrolyte (countable and uncountable, plural electrolytes)

From electro- + -lyte, from electrolysis. Coined by Scientist Michael Faraday in 1834.

coin

(chemistry) A substance that, in solution or when molten, ionizes and conducts electricity.

էլեկտրոլիտ

substance that ionizes and conducts electricity

Some modern lead-acid batteries are sealed because they never need to have any electrolyte added during their service life.

(chemistry) A solution containing such substances, which therefore also conducts electricity.

(chemistry, often) Any of the various ions in such a solution, or (metonymically) their concentration therein.

Lab tests to consider under these circumstances include serum electrolytes, serum glucose, and urine protein.

(physiology, medicine) Any of the various biometal ions (such as sodium or chloride) that regulate the electric charge on cells and the flow of water across their membranes, or (metonymically) such an ion's concentration in a bodily fluid, usually and especially blood, blood serum, or urine.

elektrolyytti

ion that regulates the electric charge on cells and the flow of water across their membranes


electrochemical

(electrochemistry) Of, or relating to a chemical reaction brought about by electricity.

electroquímic

of or relating to a chemical reaction brought about by electricity


electric current

en-noun

electric current (plural electric currents)

電流

measurement of the rate of flow of electric charge

An electric current runs through this wire.

potential difference
potential difference

(electromagnetism) A net unidirectional movement of electrons, or other charge carriers, caused by a potential difference.

The electric current in this wire is 5 A.

(iii) Electric current is the flow of _____. (iv) The SI unit of electric current is _____ .

year unknown, S. K. Gupta & Anubhuti Gangal, A Compact And Com. Book Of IIT Foudation Science Phy.&Che.) VII, S. Chand Publishing →ISBN, page 32

The electric current is measured by the flow of charge through any cross-section ...

year unknown, V. K Mehta & Rohit Mehta, S. Chand’s Principle Of Physics -XII, S. Chand Publishing →ISBN, page 255

From the following table (Table 2), we can see that, as a whole, the former electric field's electric current is smaller, the rare electric field's electric current is larger.

2010, Keping Yan, Electrostatic Precipitation: 11th International Conference on Electrostatic Precipitation, Hangzhou, 2008, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 316:

This cascading effect continues through the whole series of electrodes and provides gains in electric current of the order of 10⁴-10⁸.

1996, Robert Alexander Walker Johnstone, Malcolm E. Rose, Mass Spectrometry for Chemists and Biochemists, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 55:

(electromagnetism) The net charge that passes through some cross-section of a conducting material (in one direction), per unit time, having the SI unit A (C/s).


electric field

(electricity, physics) A region of space around a charged particle, or between two voltages, which exerts a force on charged objects in its vicinity.


gear wheel

/ɡɪə(ɹ)ʍiːl/

(mechanics) A wheel with a toothed rim, intended to engage with others, or similar equipment, to form a gear.


receptacle

From Middle English receptacle, from Anglo-Norman receptacle and Middle French receptacle (“organ containing a fluid; gathering place; water basin”) (modern French réceptacle), from Latin receptāculum (“animal enclosure, container, place of refuge, receptacle, repository, reservoir, shelter”), from receptāre (“to harbour, to receive, to shelter”) or receptō (“I receive back or again, I recover”), frequentative of recipiō (“I receive; I hold back, I reserve”) (from re- (“back, again”) + capiō (“I hold”)) + -culum (suffix forming nouns from verbs, particularly nouns representing tools and instruments); cognate with Italian recettaculo, ricettaculo, Portuguese receptáculo, Spanish receptáculo.

der

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

A contact device installed at an outlet for the connection of an attachment plug is a receptacle[…]. A multiple receptacle is a single device consisting of two or more receptacles[…].

2002, Charles R. Miller, “Section 1: Foundational Provisions”, in Illustrated Guide to the National Electrical Code: Based on the 2002 National Electrical Code, 2nd edition, Albany, N.Y.: Delmar Thomson Learning, →ISBN, unit 2 (Definitions), page 22:

Whether you call them outlets, plug-ins, or receptacles, these important devices represent the point where the rubber meets the road in your home wiring system. From the basic 15-amp, 120-volt duplex receptacle to the burly 50-amp, 240-volt appliance receptacle, the many outlets in your home do pretty much the same thing: transmit power to a load.

2008, “Receptacles”, in The Complete Guide to Wiring (Complete Guide series), 4th rev. edition, Minneapolis, Minn.: Creative Publishing International, →ISBN, page 103:

(electricity, US) A contact device installed at an outlet for the connection of an attachment plug (typically by receiving the plug's prongs) to supply portable appliances or equipment.

dugaszalj, dugaszaljzat, konnektoraljzat, csatlakozó aljzat


electric charge

en-noun

electric charge (countable and uncountable, plural electric charges)

(physics) The static electric energy of a charged body.

(physics) The quantity of unbalanced positive or negative ions in or on an object; measured in coulombs.

електри́чески заря́д

quantity of unbalanced ions in an object

(physics) A quantum number of some subatomic particles which determines their electromagnetic interactions; by convention the electron has an electric charge of −1, the proton +1 and quarks have fractional charge.


epicycle

From Latin epicyclus, from Ancient Greek ἐπίκυκλος (epíkuklos), from ἐπί (epí, “upon”) + κύκλος (kúklos, “circle”).

Is it not [Philosophie], that […] teacheth miserie, famine and sicknesse to laugh? Not by reason of some imaginarie Epicicles, but by naturall and palpable reasons.

(astronomy) A small circle whose centre is on the circumference of a larger circle; in Ptolemaic astronomy it was seen as the basis of revolution of the "seven planets", given a fixed central Earth.

епицикъл

a small circle whose centre is on the circumference of a larger circle

(geometry) Any circle whose circumference rolls around that of another circle, thus creating a hypocycloid or epicycloid.

episykli

any circle whose circumference rolls around that of another circle

(organic chemistry) A ring of atoms joining parts of an already cyclic compound

If two chronicles seemed contradictory, instead of trying to choose between them, a rationalization (epicycle) was devised to cover both.

1978, The Journal of the Siam Society, volumes 66-67, page 152:

Rather than solve the theoretical problem of how to produce a method of political ethics, the contractarian device introduces an unnecessary theoretical epicycle into what is otherwise a coherent account of social justice in particular and political morality in general.

1998, Paul Joseph Kelly, Impartiality, Neutrality and Justice: Re-reading Brian Barry’s Justice as Impartiality, page 12:

(figuratively) An ad hoc complication added to a model to make it fit the known data


apsis

From Latin apsis, hapsis, from Ancient Greek ἁψίς (hapsís, “arch, vault”). See also apse.

der

Like Henry's collegiate church […] the cathedral is a cruciform basilica of the double bay system with four square bays in the central nave, western transoms, a quadrum for the choir, an apsis, and a transept with auxiliary apses.

2019, A Companion to Medieval Lübeck, page 96:

(architecture) A recess or projection, with a dome or vault, at the east end of a church; an apse.

(astronomy) Either of the points in the elliptical orbit of a planet, comet, or moon where it is closest or furthest from the body it orbits; examples are perihelion, aphelion, perigee, and apogee


torsion

en-noun

torsion (countable and uncountable, plural torsions)

From Middle English torcion, from Middle French torsion, from Late Latin torsiōnem, from Latin tortiō, from torqueō (“twist, turn”). See torture, -tort.

The act of turning or twisting, or the state of being twisted; the twisting or wrenching of a body by the exertion of a lateral force tending to turn one end or part of it about a longitudinal axis, while the other is held fast or turned in the opposite direction.

(mechanics) That force with which a thread, wire, or rod of any material returns, or tends to return, to a state of rest after it has been twisted; torsibility.

усукваща сила

that force with which a thread, wire, or rod tends to return to a state of rest after it has been twisted


reptilian

From reptile + -ian, replacing earlier reptilious and adjectival reptile.

More evolved than the Grays or Reptilians, the Humanoids seem to feel some sort of kinship with humans and are likely to be kind.[…] Some researchers believe the Grays are merely preparing the way for a full-scale invasion of Reptilian aliens.

2001, Caroline Tiger, The UFO Hunter’s Handbook: A Field Guide to the Paranormal, →ISBN, pages 62–63:

Such powerful human families would descend upon the reptilians themselves and they would be willing to do just anything to retain their power.

2010, Chico Penteado, Talking to the Reptilians-A Report from Brazil, →ISBN, page 11:

The reptilians are the creation of the Carians.

2011, Collin Robert Bowling, A New Order of the Ages, →ISBN:

Reptilians generally are envisioned as half snake, half human, and they are thought to have come from the Alpha Draconian star system.

2015, Marty Crump, Eye of Newt and Toe of Frog, Adder's Fork and Lizard's Leg, →ISBN:

(science fiction) A reptilian alien, especially (ufology, often capitalized) of a shapeshifting race alleged to secretly control the world.


home run

Spanish: jonrón

(electrical engineering) A connection from a central distribution point or circuit breaker to a destination.


extradimensional

(science fiction) Coming from a world outside Einsteinian space-time.


open system

(physics) A system that can exchange both matter and energy with its surroundings.


white noise

white noise Ten seconds of white noise (canonical)

Conventional statistical analyses presuppose that intrinsic variability is white noise. White noise yields a jagged and irregular line with a fractal dimension of 1.5, because successive observations are statistically independent of each other.

2005, John G. Holden, Gauging the Fractal Dimension of Response Times from Cognitive Tasks:

(physics) A random signal (or process) with a flat power spectral density; a signal with a power spectral density that has equal power in any band, at any centre frequency, having a given bandwidth.

soroll blanc

random signal with flat power spectral density


self-conjugate

(physics) Of an subatomic particle that is identical to its antiparticle; includes all gauge bosons except the charged W-boson and gluons.


fundamental particle

fundamental particle (plural fundamental particles)

(physics) Any of the subatomic particles that does not consist of other, smaller particles; the gauge bosons, leptons and quarks.


W-boson

Coined by Chinese physicists Tsung-Dao Lee and Yang Chen-Ning in 1960; the W is believed to stand for weak.

coin

fundamental particle
fundamental particle

(physics) a fundamental particle, a gauge boson, that, together with the Z-boson, mediates the weak nuclear force; it has a charge of ± 1


Z-boson

Coined by American physicist Sheldon Glashow in 1961. The use of Z was not explained but may stand for zero.

(physics) a fundamental particle, a gauge boson, that, together with the W-boson, mediates the weak nuclear force; it has a charge of 0


electron neutrino

en-noun

electron neutrino (plural electron neutrinos)

A leptonic elementary particle, having near-zero mass and no charge


muon neutrino

Here, OPERA's scientists told their colleagues in Kyoto that they have spotted a so-called muon-neutrino (of the sort whipped up at CERN) turn into another, tau-flavoured one.

2012 June 8, “Back to the future”, in The Economist:

A leptonic elementary particle having about half the mass of an electron and no charge.


gauge boson

(physics) Any of the fundamental particles that carry the fundamental forces of nature.


dendrite

From Ancient Greek δενδρίτης (dendrítēs, “of or pertaining to a tree”). Equivalent to dendr- + -ite.

uder

(crystallography, metallurgy) Tree-like structure of crystals growing as material crystallizes


diploid

(crystallography) Of a certain symmetry class with 24 congruent irregular quadrilateral faces.


beauty quark

(physics, dated) Synonym of bottom quark.


antitauon

(physics) the antiparticle of the tauon.


tau neutrino

A leptonic elementary particle having a mass 60 times that of the electron and no charge


tauon

From tau + -on, tau short for Ancient Greek τρίτος (trítos, “third”), being the third lepton discovered.

An unstable elementary particle which is a type of lepton, having a mass almost twice that of a proton, a negative charge, and a spin of ½; it decays into hadrons (usually pions) or other leptons, and neutrinos.


SAW

surface acoustic wave
surface acoustic wave#English

(physics) Initialism of surface acoustic wave.


elementary particle

en-noun

elementary particle (plural elementary particles)

The physics of elementary particles in the 20th century was distinguished by the observation of particles whose existence had been predicted by theorists sometimes decades earlier.

2012 March 20, Jeremy Bernstein, “A Palette of Particles”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 146:

(physics) A fundamental particle; any of the subatomic particles that do not consist of other, smaller particles; the gauge bosons, leptons and quarks.

جُسَيْم أَوَّلِيّ

subatomic particle that does not consist of smaller particles


jack plug

(electricity) A type of audio connector.


down quark

(physics) A quark having a fractional electric charge of -1/3 and a mass of about 4 to 8 MeV.

A quark having a fractional electric charge of -1/3 and a mass of about 4 to 8 MeV.
Symbol: d


top quark

(physics) A quark having a fractional electric charge of +2/3 and a mass of about 178,000 MeV.

A quark having a fractional electric charge of +2/3 and a mass of about 178,000 MeV.
Symbol: t


bottom quark

(physics) A quark having a fractional electric charge of -1/3 and a mass of about 4,100 to 4,400 MeV.

A quark having a fractional electric charge of -1/3 and a mass of about 4,100 to 4,400 MeV.
Symbol: b


charm quark

(physics) A quark having a fractional electric charge of +2/3 and a mass of about 1150 to 1350 MeV.

A quark having a fractional electric charge of +2/3 and a mass of about 1150 to 1350 MeV.
Symbol: c


strange quark

(physics) A quark having a fractional electric charge of -1/3 and a mass of about 80 to 130 MeV.

A quark having a fractional electric charge of -1/3 and a mass of about 80 to 130 MeV.
Symbol: s


up quark

(physics) A quark having a fractional electric charge of +2/3 and a mass of about 1.5 to 4 MeV.

A quark having a fractional electric charge of +2/3 and a mass of about 1.5 to 4 MeV.
Symbol: u


nuclear bomb

In the seaside town that they forgot to bomb / Come, come, come, nuclear bomb

1988, Morrissey (lyrics and music), “Everyday Is Like Sunday”, in Viva Hate:

Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki


kaon

From contracted pronunciation of K-meson.

K⁰: strange quark + down antiquark

K (antiparticle of K⁰): down quark + strange antiquark

K⁺: strange quark + up antiquark

K⁻ (antiparticle of K⁺): up quark + strange antiquark

(physics) any of four unstable subatomic particles, mesons, they are a combination of a strange quark or antiquark and either an up or down quark or antiquark


emulsion

Borrowed from French émulsion, from New Latin ēmulsiō, ēmulsiōnis, based on Latin ēmulgeō (“I milk out, extract”).

(physical chemistry) A colloid in which both phases are liquid.


nuclear weapon

When Kissinger went to Moscow on March 24 for four days of talks aimed at setting the agenda for Summit III, he reported that Brezhnev seemed to be confronting some of the same problems as we were of military opposition to a permanent agreement to limit offensive nuclear weapons. Thus we knew from the outset that it would be very difficult to produce a major SALT breakthrough at Summit III.

1978, Richard Nixon, “The Presidency 1973-1974”, in RN: the Memoirs of Richard Nixon, Grosset & Dunlap, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 1024:

Even if they managed to strike Japan, the United States or South Korea with nuclear weapons — a big if, given that they do not have a reliable delivery system — they could not save themselves from ultimate defeat.

2013 April 9, Andrei Lankov, “Stay Cool. Call North Korea’s Bluff.”, in New York Times:

A weapon that derives its energy from the nuclear reactions of either fission or fusion.

armë bërthamore

a weapon that derives its energy from the nuclear reactions of either fission or fusion


colloid

From French colloïde, from Ancient Greek κόλλα (kólla, “glue”) + -oid. Doublet of collage, collagen, and protocol.

doublet

(physical chemistry) A stable system of two phases, one of which is dispersed in the other in the form of very small droplets or particles.


ataxia

en-noun

ataxia (countable and uncountable, plural ataxias)

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀταξία (ataxía, “disorder”), derived from ἄτακτος (átaktos, “disorderly”).

bor

(pathology) Lack of coordination while performing voluntary movements, which may appear to be clumsiness, inaccuracy, or instability.

(physical chemistry, organic chemistry) The condition of a polymer in which the orientation of the subunits is random


mesoscopic

(physics) On a scale between microscopic and macroscopic


ligand field theory

crystal field theory
crystal field theory

molecular orbital theory
molecular orbital theory

coordination compound
coordination compound

(chemistry, physics) a theory, a combination of the earlier crystal field theory with molecular orbital theory, that describes the structure of coordination compounds


down antiquark

(physics) the antiparticle of a down quark


complex ion

(chemistry) Any ion in which a central metal atom (normally a transition element) is surrounded by a group of ions or molecules (ligands). e.g. ferricyanide.


up antiquark

(physics) the antiparticle of an up quark


composite particle

en-noun

composite particle (plural composite particles)

(nuclear physics) A subatomic particle that is not an elementary particle, i.e. a hadron or an atomic nucleus.


calorific

en-adj

calorific (comparative more calorific, superlative most calorific)

more calorific (comparative)
most calorific (superlative)

From French calorifique or Latin calorificus, from calor + -i- + -ficus.

(physics) Relating to or producing heat or other energy.


orbiter

The orbiters in her life in high likelihood like to talk about this and make themselves her emotional tampon and outlet.

2015, Jack N. Raven, Penetration: A Tactical Manual on Forming Deep Emotional Connections!:

(slang, seduction community) A person who constantly hangs around with someone they are attracted to, but too shy to talk to.


tetragonal

(crystallography) Having two equal axes and one unequal, and all angles 90°.

тетрагонален

having two equal axes and one unequal, and all angle 90°


Higgs boson

From Higgs + boson; named after British physicist Peter Higgs, who is credited with proposing what is now called the Higgs mechanism. Korean-American theoretical physicist Benjamin W. Lee is generally credited with having coined the term.

coinage

The existence of a Higgs boson would be the simplest solution to the problem of electroweak symmetry breaking.

1987, Robert N. Cahn, “The Search for a Heavy Higgs Boson at the SSC”, in Orrin Fackler, J. Thanh Vân Trân, editors, New and Exotic Phenomena: Proceedings of the Seventh Moriond Workshop, page 468:

We also know other things about the Higgs boson. If it were much more massive, a problem would occur. Since Higgs bosons interact with particles with a large mass, Higgs bosons would also interact with themselves (as they have mass too). This “self interaction” puts an upper limit on the mass of the Higgs boson as less than about 500-1000 GeV.

2004, Don Lincoln, Understanding the Universe: From Quarks to the Cosmos, page 239:

In the higher Higgs boson mass domain, the Higgs boson decays dominantly to a pair of b-quarks.

2011, Christopher G. Tully, Elementary Particle Physics in a Nutshell, page 255:

Have you ever heard about the Higgs Boson Blues? / I'm going down to Geneva, baby / Gonna teach it to you

2013, “Higgs Boson Blues”, in Nick Cave (lyrics), Push the Sky Away, performed by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds:

(physics) An elementary particle in the Standard Model, namely a boson with zero spin, that gives mass to other particles.


deuteron

From deutero- + -on. From deuterium, from Ancient Greek δεύτερος (deúteros, “second”).

der

(physics) the atomic nucleus of deuterium, consisting of a proton and a neutron


filament

Borrowed from Medieval Latin fīlāmentum, from Late Latin fīlō (“to spin, draw out in a long line”), from Latin fīlum (“thread”).

solar filament

galaxy filament

the Ursa Major Filament

(physics, astronomy) A massive, thread-like structure, such as those gaseous ones which extend outward from the surface of the sun, or such as those (much larger) ones which form the boundaries between large voids in the universe.


PKC

protein kinase C
protein kinase C#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of protein kinase C.


phase diagram

(physics, chemistry) A graph, with axes representing temperature and pressure, showing the equilibrium conditions for a given substance to be a solid, liquid or gas.


liquidus

(chemistry, physics) A line, in a phase diagram, above which a given substance is a stable liquid and below which solid and liquid are in equilibrium.


zwitterion

Unadapted borrowing from German Zwitterion, from Zwitter (“hermaphrodite”) + Ion (“ion”).

ubor

(chemistry) A molecule, such as an amino acid, that carries both a positive and a negative charge.

أيون مزدوج

molecule that carries both a positive and a negative charge


zymase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the fermentation of simple carbohydrates to ethanol and carbon dioxide.


triton

From trito- + -on. From tritium, from Ancient Greek τρίτος (trítos, “third”).

(physics) the nucleus of a tritium atom, consisting of a proton and two neutrons


nuclear magnetic resonance

en-noun

nuclear magnetic resonance (uncountable)

electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation

magnetic resonance imaging
magnetic resonance imaging

(nuclear physics) The absorption of electromagnetic radiation (radio waves), at a specific frequency, by an atomic nucleus placed in a strong magnetic field; used in spectroscopy and in magnetic resonance imaging.

核磁共振

absorption of electromagnetic radiation by an atomic nucleus placed in a strong magnetic field


prism

→ Japanese: プリズム (purizumu)

→ Korean: 프리즘 (peurijeum)

→ Thai: ปริซึม (bprí-sʉ̂m)

[ˈpʰɹ̠̊ɪzm̩]

Learned borrowing from Late Latin prisma (“(geometry) prism”), from Ancient Greek πρίσμᾰ (prísma, “anything sawn; sawdust; (Koine, geometry) prism”), from πρῐ́ζω (prízō) (a variant of πρῑ́ω (prī́ō, “to saw”), further etymology unknown) + -μᾰ (-ma, suffix forming neuter nouns denoting the effect or result of an action, etc.).

prizëm

transparent block used to reflect or refract light

(geometry) A polyhedron with parallel ends of the same polygonal shape and size, the other faces being parallelogram-shaped sides.

(crystallography) A crystal in which the faces are parallel to the vertical axis.

prisma

[page 13] One of theſe Parts [of a piece of black paper] I painted vvith a red Colour and the other vvith a blevv. […] This Paper I vievved through a Priſm of ſolid Glaſs, vvhoſe tvvo Sides through vvhich the Light paſſed to the Eye vvere plane and vvell poliſhed, and contained an Angle of about Sixty Degrees: vvhich Angle I call the refracting Angle of the Priſm. […] [page 17] Theſe Experiments may ſuffice for the Colours of Natural Bodies. For in the Colours made by the Refraction of Priſms this Propoſition vvill appear by the Experiments vvhich are novv to follovv in the next Propoſition.

1704, I[saac] N[ewton], “[The First Book of Opticks. Part I.] Prop[osition] I. Theor[y] I. Lights which Differ in Colour, Differ also in Degrees of Refrangibility.”, in Opticks: Or, A Treatise of the Reflexions, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light. […], London: […] Sam[uel] Smith, and Benj[amin] Walford, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC, pages 13 and 17:

Here, avvful [Isaac] Newton, the diſſolving clouds / Form, fronting on the ſun, thy ſhovvery priſm; / And to the ſage-inſtructed eye unfold / The various tvvine of light, by thee diſclos'd / From the vvhite mingling maze.

a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC, page 10, lines 207–211:

(optics) A transparent block in the shape of a prism (sense 1), typically with triangular ends, used to reflect or refract light.

The beams, that thro' the Oriel shine, / Make prisms in every carven glass, […]

1842, Alfred Tennyson, “The Day-Dream”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 151:

(archaic) A spectrum produced by light being refracted through a prism.


synchrotron radiation

(physics) The electromagnetic radiation emitted by the acceleration of relativistic charged particles in a synchrotron or under natural conditions approximating those of a synchrotron.


strong equivalence principle

(physics) the principle that the laws of gravity are independent of velocity and position


Nordtvedt effect

en-noun

Nordtvedt effect (plural Nordtvedt effects)

strong equivalence principle
strong equivalence principle

(physics) A test of the strong equivalence principle of general relativity that relies on detecting polarization in the orbit of the moon in the direction of the sun.


geodetic effect

(physics) the change in the spin of a gyroscope as it moves through curved spacetime


solidus

From Middle English solidus, from classical Latin solidus (“solid”), see below. Doublet of sol, sold, soldo, solid, sou, and xu.
In numismatic and weight senses, via medieval Latin solidus (“various coins”), from Late Latin solidus (“a gold coin of the Roman Empire”). In chemical sense, via German Solidus, coined by H.W.B. Roozeboom in his 1899 Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, Stöchiometrie, und Verwandtschaftslehre (XXX, page 387).
In typography, from the shilling mark originally being an abbreviation (a long s ⟨ſ⟩), of Medieval Latin solidus meaning shilling.

der

slash (typography)
solidus (coin)
solidus (disambiguation)

(chemistry, physics) The line in a phase diagram marking the temperatures and pressures below which a given substance is a stable solid.


bremsstrahlung

en-noun

bremsstrahlung (countable and uncountable, plural bremsstrahlungs)

Borrowed from German Bremsstrahlung (“braking or deceleration radiation”), which had been coined in German by Arnold Sommerfeld from bremsen (“to brake”) + Strahlung (“radiation”) in 1909, and was first used in English by Arthur Edward Ruark and Harold Urey in 1930.

compound

(physics) The electromagnetic radiation produced by the deceleration of a charged particle, such as an electron, when it is deflected by another charged particle, such as an atomic nucleus.

Arnold Sommerfeld
Arthur Edward Ruark
Harold Urey
bremsstrahlung


frame dragging

(physics) The bending out of shape of space and time near a rotating body, as predicted by general relativity.


equivalence principle

en-noun

equivalence principle (plural equivalence principles)

(relativity) any of several principles, concerned with the uniformity of physical measurements in different frames of reference


spectrum analyzer

spectrum analyzer (plural spectrum analyzers)

(physics) An electronic device that displays the frequency spectrum of an electrical, optical or acoustic waveform.


inertial frame of reference

inertial frame of reference (plural inertial frames of reference)

(physics) A frame of reference that is stationary relative to a body moving at constant velocity and on which no force is being exerted.


synchrotron

/ˈsɪŋkɹə(ʊ)tɹɒn/

(physics) A form of cyclotron in which charged particles are accelerated by an electric field that is synchronized with a magnetic field that keeps them in a circular path.


Mach's principle

Named after German physicist Ernst Mach, to whom the hypothesis is often attributed. Coined by Albert Einstein, who sought to incorporate the hypothesis into his theory of general relativity.

1988, J. V. Narlikar, A. K. Kembhavi, Nonstandard Cosmologies, Vittorio Canuto, Bruce G. Elmegreen (editors), Handbook of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Geophysics, Volume II: Galaxies and Cosmology, Gordon and Breach, page 390,
We now discuss a theory of gravitation and cosmology which is perhaps more strongly rooted in Mach's principle than any other theory discussed so far.

Thus, in any case, quantum theory is based on an absolute space-time picture and, therefore, in these formulations Mach's principle is not fulfiled.^([sic]) The following important question arises: Can quantum phenomena be treated in accordance with Mach's principle?

1995, Wolfram Schommers, Symbols, Pictures and Quantum Reality, World Scientific, page 94:

This is most famously embodied in Mach's Principle (so named by Einstein), which in its simplest form states that 'mass there influences inertia here'. More formally, it says that inertia is causally determined by the large-scale distribution of matter in the universe.

2010, David S. Oderberg, “‘Whatever is Changing is Being Changed by Something Else’: A Reappraisal of Premise One of the First Way”, in John Cottingham, Peter Hacker, editors, Mind, Method, and Morality, Oxford University Press, page 152:

(physics) The principle that the inertia of a body arises from its relation to the totality of all other bodies in the universe.

Albert Einstein
Ernst Mach
Mach's principle


radio wave

(physics) electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength between about .5 centimeters and 30,000 meters; used for the broadcasting of radio and television signals.


conductance

conductance (countable and uncountable, plural conductances)

(physics) A measure of the ability of a body to conduct electricity; the reciprocal of its resistance.

konduktanssi

measure of the ability to conduct electricity


quantum gravity

(quantum mechanics) A branch of theoretical physics aiming to unite quantum mechanics with general relativity.

(quantum mechanics) The gravitational force modeled as a quantum field.


quadrupole

Consider a linear quadrupole consisting of a point charge of strength 2q at the origin and point charges of strength —q at (0, 0, a) and (0, 0, —a).

1975, David M. Cook, The Theory of the Electromagnetic Field, page 123:

(physics) A distribution of either electric charge or magnetization equivalent to two dipoles that point in opposite directions.

четириполюсник

a distribution of either electric charge or magnetization equivalent to two dipoles that point in opposite directions

(physics) A magnet with two north poles and two south poles, used to focus a beam of particles.


reactance

reactance (countable and uncountable, plural reactances)

(physics, electrics) The opposition to the change in flow of current in an alternating current circuit, due to inductance and capacitance; the imaginary part of the impedance. Symbol: X.


resistivity

resistivity (countable and uncountable, plural resistivities)

electrical resistivity
thermal resistance

(electricity) The resistance offered at a particular temperature by an electrical conductor of any given material in a cube of unit length, expressed in ohm-metres (Ωm) in the metric system of measurement.

thermal conductivity
thermal conductivity#English

(thermodynamics) The reciprocal of thermal conductivity, having SI unit: m K W⁻¹


frame of reference

frame of reference (plural frames of reference)

(physics) A set of axes which enable an observer to measure the position and motion of all bodies in some system relative to the reference frame.


impedance

impedance (countable and uncountable, plural impedances)

From impede + -ance. In sense 2 and sense 3 it was coined by English mathematician and physicist Oliver Heaviside in 1886.

inpedantzia

physics, measure of opposition to flow of current

(physics) A measure of the opposition to the flow of an alternating current in a circuit; the aggregation of its resistance, and inductive and capacitive reactances; the ratio of voltage to current treated as complex quantities.

(physics) A quantity analogous to electrical impedance in some other energy domain

(physics, usually with “mechanical”) a measure of opposition to motion of something subjected to a force; the ratio of force to velocity treated as complex quantities.

(physics, usually with “acoustic” or “sound”) the ratio of sound pressure to volume flow rate treated as complex quantities.


conductivity

en-noun

conductivity (countable and uncountable, plural conductivities)

The ability of a material to conduct electricity, heat, fluid or sound


resonance

resonance (countable and uncountable, plural resonances)

From Old French resonance (French résonance), from Latin resonantia (“echo”), from resonō (“I resound”).

The leiter-wagons contained great, square boxes, with handles of thick rope; these were evidently empty by the ease with which the Slovaks handled them, and by their resonance as they were roughly moved.

1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC:

(uncountable) The quality of being resonant.

He passed on, and the lights and cries of the station dropped away, merged in a wider haze and a hollower resonance, as the train gathered itself up with a long shake and rolled out again into the darkness.

1912, Edith Wharton, The Reef, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton and Company:

(countable) A resonant sound, echo, or reverberation, such as that produced by blowing over the top of a bottle.

(medicine) The sound produced by a hollow body part such as the chest cavity upon auscultation, especially that produced while the patient is speaking.

One of the most important developments beyond the original concept of magnetic resonance is so-called double resonance in which, as the name suggests, one excites one resonant transition of a system while simultaneously monitoring a different transition.

2013, Charles P. Slichter, Principles of Magnetic Resonance, Springer Science & Business, →ISBN, page 217:

(physics) The increase in the amplitude of an oscillation of a system under the influence of a periodic force whose frequency is close to that of the system's natural frequency.

ռեզոնանս

in physics, the increase in the amplitude of an oscillation of a system

When experiments with the first ‘atom-smashers’ took place in the 1950s to 1960s, many short-lived heavier siblings of the proton and neutron, known as ‘resonances’, were discovered.

2004, Frank Close, Particle Physics: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 35:

(nuclear physics) A short-lived subatomic particle or state of atomic excitation that results from the collision of atomic particles.

sympathetic vibration
sympathetic vibration

An increase in the strength or duration of a musical tone produced by sympathetic vibration.

(astronomy) An influence of the gravitational forces of one orbiting object on the orbit of another, causing periodic perturbations.

Resonance is a kind of relationship to the world, formed through affect and emotion, intrinsic interest, and perceived self-efficacy, in which subject and world are mutually affected and transformed.

2019 [2016], James Wagner, transl., Resonance, John Wiley & Sons, translation of Resonanz by Hartmut Rosa, →ISBN:

(sociology) A quality of human relationship with the world.


amplitude

amplitude (countable and uncountable, plural amplitudes)

Borrowed from Middle French amplitude, from Latin amplitūdō, from amplus (“large”). By surface analysis, ample + -itude.

(physics) The maximum absolute value of some quantity that varies.


condensate

(physics) A liquid that is the product of condensation of a gas, i.e. of steam.

(physics) Any of various condensed quantum states.


MSF

MSF (countable and uncountable, plural MSFs)

(physics) MSF time signal, also known as Time from NPL.


astigmatism

astigmatism (countable and uncountable, plural astigmatisms)

From a- (negative prefix) + stem of Ancient Greek στίγμα (stígma, “mark, point”) + -ism. Coined by English polymath William Whewell in 1846.

coin

(optics) A defect of a lens such that light rays coming from a point do not meet at a focal point so that the image is blurred.


SCADA

(electricity, software) Acronym of Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (electrical network typically containing at least IED's, RTU's, and a master station equipped with an HMI. Used to monitor and control process automation systems, such as those used by electrical and water utilities.)


EMI

en-noun

EMI (countable and uncountable, plural EMIs)

electromagnetic induction
w:electromagnetic induction

(physics) Initialism of electromagnetic induction.


Faraday cage

Any conductive surrounding, idealized or practical, used to interrupt the transmission of electromagnetic energy or electrostatic discharge across it.


short circuit

(electrical engineering) A usually unintentional connection of low resistance or impedance in a circuit such that excessive and often damaging current flows in it.


trojan

/ˈtɹəʊd͡ʒən/

/ˈtɹoʊd͡ʒən/

(computing) Malware that appears to perform or actually performs a desired task for a user while performing a harmful task without the user's knowledge or consent.


infrared radiation

(physics) Electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength approximately between 1 micrometre and 1 millimetre; perceived as heat.


optical spectrum

optical spectrum (plural optical spectrums or optical spectra)

optical spectrums (plural)
optical spectra (plural)

(physics) The distribution of colours produced when white light passes through a prism.

(astronomy, physics) The range of frequencies of visible light.


electromagnetic wave

electromagnetic wave (plural electromagnetic waves)

Electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation

(physics) Electromagnetic radiation, such as light and radio waves.


visible light

electromagnetic spectrum
electromagnetic spectrum

(physics) The part of the electromagnetic spectrum, between infrared and ultraviolet, that is visible to the human eye.


electromagnetic spectrum

electromagnetic spectrum (plural electromagnetic spectra)

(physics) The entire range of wavelengths of all known electromagnetic radiations extending from gamma rays, to X-rays through visible light, infrared, to radio waves.


indeterminacy principle

Heisenberg uncertainty principle
Heisenberg uncertainty principle

(quantum mechanics) The Heisenberg uncertainty principle.


Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Named for Werner Heisenberg, its discoverer, translated into English from a variety of original German terms. Heisenberg originally called the concept Ungenauigkeit (inexactness) or Unbestimmtheit (undeterminedness), whereas his mentor and collaborator Niels Bohr often used Unsicherheit (unsureness). Today in German the most commonly used term for the principle is Unschärfe (blurredness or fuzziness).

(physics, quantum mechanics) The principle that there is an absolute limit on the combined accuracy of certain pairs of simultaneous, related measurements, especially that of the position and momentum of a particle. Originally posited as a problem of measurement, it was soon refined as an inherent property of the universe.

archí tis aprosdioristías tou Cháizenmpergk

αρχή της απροσδιοριστίας του Χάιζενμπεργκ

principio di indeterminazione di Heisenberg

principiul incertitudinii al lui Heisenberg

principio de indeterminación de Heisenberg


Planck's constant

Named for Max Planck (1858–1947), German theoretical physicist, who discovered it in 1900.

(quantum mechanics) the constant of proportionality (symbol ℎ), relating the energy and frequency of a photon (6.626×10⁻³⁴ joule-second); also related to the indeterminacy limit in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle; the quantum of action


Trojan

/ˈtɹəʊd͡ʒən/

/ˈtɹoʊd͡ʒən/

From old forms Troyan, Troian, Middle English Troiā̆n, from Old English Trōiān, from Latin Troiānus, from Troia (“Troy”) + -ānus, from Ancient Greek Τροίᾱ (Troíā).

Trójan

astronomical object residing at a Trojan point

(astrophysics) An object residing at a Trojan point.


Trojan

/ˈtɹəʊd͡ʒən/

/ˈtɹoʊd͡ʒən/

(astrophysics) Of, or relating to, a Trojan point.


sparticle

(physics) Any subatomic particle predicted by supersymmetry; the boson equivalent of a known fermion.


socket

From Middle English socket, soket, from Anglo-Norman soket (“spearhead”), diminutive of Old French soc (“plowshare”), from Vulgar Latin *soccus, a word borrowed from Gaulish, from Proto-Celtic *sukkos (compare modern Welsh swch (“plowshare”)), literally "pig's snout", from Proto-Indo-European *suH-.

套接字

computing interprocess communication channel

Each seat must have a 230V socket, a USB socket, a coat hook, reading light and cup holder.

2021 December 29, “Network News: HS2 rolling stock”, in RAIL, number 947, page 7:

(mechanics) An opening into which a plug or other connecting part is designed to fit (e.g. a light bulb socket).

འཁོར་མིག ('khor mig, literally “round hole/eye”)

འཛུགས་ས ('dzugs sa, literally “inserted-place”)

interprocess communication
interprocess communication

(computing) One endpoint of a two-way communication link, used for interprocess communication across a network.

(computing) One endpoint of a two-way named pipe on Unix and Unix-like systems, used for interprocess communication.

A hollow tool for grasping and lifting tools dropped in a well-boring.


Cerenkov effect

Cerenkov effect (plural Cerenkov effects)

/tʃɛˈɹɛŋkəf ɛˈfɛkt/

Named after Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov.

(physics) The emission of light (Cerenkov radiation) that occurs when a charged particle passes through an insulator at a speed greater than the speed of light in that medium; the characteristic blue glow from a nuclear reactor.

Cherenkov effect
Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov


radiophotoluminescence

(physics) the luminescence observed when some minerals or glasses, having been exposed to ionizing radiation, are subsequently exposed to ultraviolet light; exploited in some dosimeters


refract

en-verb

refract (third-person singular simple present refracts, present participle refracting, simple past and past participle refracted)

refracts (present singular third-person)
refracting (participle present)
refracted (participle past)
refracted (past)

From Latin refrāctum, neuter form of refrāctus, the past participle of refringō, itself from re- (“again”) + frangō (“I break”).

A prism can refract light.

(transitive, optics) To cause (light) to change direction as a result of entering a different medium.


luminescence

en-noun

luminescence (countable and uncountable, plural luminescences)

(physics) Any emission of light that cannot be attributed merely to the temperature of the emitting body.


theoretical physics

(physics) the description of natural phenomena in mathematical form, especially in order to derive fundamental laws of nature and to derive conclusions from these laws


line of force

(physics) An imaginary line in a field of force, whose tangent at any point gives the direction of the field at that point and whose number through unit area perpendicular to the field represents its intensity.


ignition

ignition (countable and uncountable, plural ignitions)

(physics) The phenomenon of a thermonuclear fusion reaction becoming self-sustaining and no longer requiring external heating.


DNA polymerase

DNA polymerase (countable and uncountable, plural DNA polymerases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that assists DNA replication.


firewall

From fire + wall. Compare West Frisian brânmuorre, Dutch brandmuur, German Brandmauer, Feuermauer, Swedish brandvägg, brandmur, Icelandic eldvegg. The verb sense for using maximum power or acceleration comes from the engine's firewall being the limit of forward movement of the throttle controls on many simpler vehicles; thus, to get the maximum engine output, one would push the throttle levers or pedal all the way to the firewall.

(physics) A hypothetical phenomenon where an observer falling into a black hole encounters high-energy quanta at or near the event horizon.


electropositive

(dated, chemistry, physics) A body which passes to the negative pole in electrolysis.


TOE

en:Theory of everything
en:toe (disambiguation)

Coordinate term: GUT

theory of everything
theory of everything#English

(physics) Initialism of theory of everything.


photoautotroph

From photo- (from the combining form φωτω- (phōtō-) of Ancient Greek φῶς (phôs, “light”)) + autotroph, from auto- (from Ancient Greek αὐτο- (auto-, “self-”)) + -troph (from Ancient Greek τροφή (trophḗ, “nourishment”)).

confix

from Ancient Greek <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">αὐτο-</i> (auto-, “self-”)

from Ancient Greek <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">τροφή</i> (trophḗ, “nourishment”)

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) an organism, such as all green plants, that can synthesize its own food from inorganic material using light as a source of energy


antimagnetic

en-adj

antimagnetic (comparative more antimagnetic, superlative most antimagnetic)

more antimagnetic (comparative)
most antimagnetic (superlative)

(physics) Unable to be magnetized; unaffected by a magnetic field.


thermoluminescence

en-noun

thermoluminescence (countable and uncountable, plural thermoluminescences)

(physics) The release of previously absorbed radiation upon being heated.


converter

time stretch analog-to-digital converter

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) A device that changes voltage or frequency, for example one that converts alternating current to direct current.


magnetize

en-verb

magnetize (third-person singular simple present magnetizes, present participle magnetizing, simple past and past participle magnetized)

magnetizes (present singular third-person)
magnetizing (participle present)
magnetized (participle past)
magnetized (past)

(intransitive, physics) To become magnetic.


grounded

en-adj

grounded (comparative more grounded, superlative most grounded)

more grounded (comparative)
most grounded (superlative)

From Middle English grounded, i-grounded, equivalent to ground + -ed.

(electricity, Canada, US) Of or pertaining to an electrical conductor which is connected to earth; earthed.


atmospheric pressure

en-noun

atmospheric pressure (countable and uncountable, plural atmospheric pressures)

Like most human activities, ballooning has sponsored heroes and hucksters and a good deal in between. For every dedicated scientist patiently recording atmospheric pressure and wind speed while shivering at high altitudes, there is a carnival barker with a bevy of pretty girls willing to dangle from a basket or parachute down to earth.

2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:

(physics, meteorology) The pressure caused by the weight of the atmosphere above an area.

lugdruk

pressure caused by weight of the atmosphere


alphabet soup

alphabet soup (countable and uncountable, plural alphabet soups)

This part of the neutron star has been described as ‘a rich Greek alphabet soup’.

1978, Patrick Moore, 1978 Yearbook of Astronomy, page 172:

The early big bang is an alphabet soup of quarks, W bosons, gluons, and other exotic particles and flavors. In the usual scenario, there is no place for the pion. It dissociates in the alphabet soup of the early universe.

1997, Nee-Pong Chang, “Chirality in the Early Universe”, in Ling Fong Li et al., editors, Looking to the 21st Century: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Frontiers of Physics, →ISBN, page 784:

At shorter distances (probed at higher energies), an alphabet-soup of other types of spin 0 (scalar) and spin 1 (vector) mesons are exchanged […]

2012, Walter M. Wilcox, Quantum Principles and Particles, →ISBN, page 434:

(figuratively, particle physics) A physical state in which there is a miscellany of different particles, often designated by letters.


PFC

power factor correction
power factor correction#English

(electrical engineering) Initialism of power factor correction.


cerealogy

There is no university with a department of cerealogy, and consequently anyone may call him- or herself a "cerealogist," even after one single visit to a crop circle.

2001, Eltjo Haselhoff, The Deepening Complexity of Crop Circles: Scientific Research & Urban Legends, page xv:

Despite film showing the two men creating highly complex crop circles, the momentum behind cerealogy was too strong to be stopped by any admission of English eccentricity.

2002 August 12, “Cereal offenders who won't go away”, in Christian Science Monitor:

Patrick Moore, in Can You Speak Venusian, noted that — shades of cerealogy — the crops over a wide area had been flattened.

2005, Steve Dewey, John Ries, In Alien Heat: The Warminster Mystery Revisited, page 57:


circuitry

circuitry (countable and uncountable, plural circuitries)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-circuitry.wav

In the microelectronics area, research and development efforts will concentrate on thin film circuitry, packaging and solid state electronics (work with transistors and the like). [...] The savings in weight over old-fashioned circuitry are important when the cost of items in orbit is figured at $1,000 per pound.

1964 February, William Jury, “Green River Greets the Space Age: Work Begins on New $16,000,000 Research Center”, in Chester Chatfield, editor, The Boeing Magazine, volume XXXIV, number 2, Seattle, Wash.: Public Relations Office, The Boeing Company, →OCLC, page 11, column 3:

The source of that passion [according to René Descartes] is "animal spirits," a circuitry of mechanical energy—blood circulation, heartbeat, muscle tension—whose purpose is not to inform but to protect the body from harm. Although the circuitry operates automatically in animals, in men bodily energies also register on the soul so as to "incite the soul to correct and contribute to the actions which may serve to maintain the body."

1999, Andrea Nye, “Master of Passion”, in The Princess and the Philosopher: Letters of Elisabeth of the Palatine to René Descartes, Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, →ISBN, page 89:

(uncountable) Electrical (or, by extension, other) circuits considered as a group.


perturb

en-verb

perturb (third-person singular simple present perturbs, present participle perturbing, simple past and past participle perturbed)

perturbs (present singular third-person)
perturbing (participle present)
perturbed (participle past)
perturbed (past)

From Middle English perturben, from Old French perturber, from Latin perturbare (“throw into confusion, confuse, disorder, disturb”), from per (“through”) + turbare (“to confuse, disturb”).

der

(physics) To slightly modify the motion of an object.

(astronomy) To modify the motion of a body by exerting a gravitational force.

perturbar

(mathematics) To modify slightly, such as an equation or value.


anharmonic

An anharmonic oscillator is a perturbed version of a harmonic oscillator.


incidental

en-adj

incidental (comparative more incidental, superlative most incidental)

more incidental (comparative)
most incidental (superlative)

[ɪnsɪˈdɛ.ɾ̃əl]

(physics, of radiation) Entering or approaching, prior to reflection (more frequently incident).

падащ

entering or approaching, prior to reflection


kinesis

en-noun

kinesis (usually uncountable, plural kineses)

From Ancient Greek κίνησις (kínēsis, “motion, movement”).

der

(physics) Any energy that creates/controls movement.


unimolecular

(chemistry, physics, of a reaction) involving a single molecule

unimoléculaire

of a reaction involving a single molecule


shocked

en-adj

shocked (comparative more shocked, superlative most shocked)

more shocked (comparative)
most shocked (superlative)

shocked quartz

(physics) Affected, altered, or transformed by one or more shock waves.


formalism

en-noun

formalism (countable and uncountable, plural formalisms)

/ˈfɔɹml̩ˌɪzm̩/

Heisenberg seems to have been motivated by his intense annoyance that Schrödinger's more intuitive version of quantum theory was more widely accepted than his own, even though both formalisms led to the same results.

2011, Brian Cox, Jeff Forshaw, The Quantum Universe, Allen Lane, published 2011, page 54:

(mathematics, physics) A particular mathematical or scientific theory or description of a given state or effect.

形式主義

mathematics, physics: a particular theory or description of a state of affairs


piezoelectricity

(physics) A voltage generated by certain crystals in response to an applied mechanical stress.

壓電性

capacity of crystal to generate electricity


gasket

Perhaps from Middle French garcette (“gasket”), from Old French garce (“young woman”), feminization of garçon.

Three major types of oil-pan gaskets are available: cork/ neoprene composition, neoprene and Hypalon Duraprene. Most professionals prefer cork/neoprene gaskets because the oil-pan bolts seem to lose their torque with the others.

1985, Ron Sessions, The Turbo Hydra-Matic 350 Handbook, Penguin, →ISBN, page 12:

(mechanics) Any mechanical seal that serves to fill the space between two objects, generally to prevent leakage between the two objects while under compression.


biopolymer

Coordinate term: biometal

There are three main classes of biopolymers: polynucleotides (such as RNA and DNA), polypeptides (such as collagen and actin), and polysaccharides (such as cellulose and starch).

Products based on durable biopolymers have begun appearing in the marketplace.

2007 March 21, Susan Moran, “The new bioplastics, more than just forks”, in The New York Times:

CJ Biomaterials was the first company in the world to produce amorphous PHA, it says, which is a softer, rubberier version of PHA that offers fundamentally different performance characteristics than crystalline or semi-crystalline forms of the biopolymer.

2023 June 29, Mike Edwards, “Collaboration leads to eco-friendly straw made with polyhydroxyalkanoate”, in CPECN:

(biochemistry) Any macromolecule of a living organism that is formed from the polymerization of smaller entities; a polymer that occurs in a living organism or results from life.


hydrogen bond

(physical chemistry) A weak bond in which a hydrogen atom in one molecule is attracted to an electronegative atom (usually nitrogen or oxygen) in the same or different molecule.


hydrogen bond

en-verb

hydrogen bond (third-person singular simple present hydrogen bonds, present participle hydrogen bonding, simple past and past participle hydrogen bonded)

hydrogen bonds (present singular third-person)
hydrogen bonding (participle present)
hydrogen bonded (participle past)
hydrogen bonded (past)

(physical chemistry) To bond to another species by means of hydrogen bonds. E.g. Water hydrogen bonds with itself.


scintillate

scintillate (third-person singular simple present scintillates, present participle scintillating, simple past and past participle scintillated)

scintillates (present singular third-person)
scintillating (participle present)
scintillated (participle past)
scintillated (past)

Borrowed from Latin scintillātus, past participle of scintillāre (“to sparkle, glitter, gleam, flash”), from scintilla (“a spark”).

(nuclear physics) Especially of a phosphor: to emit a flash of light upon absorbing ionizing radiation.


diazonium

(organic chemistry) any univalent cation, of general formula R-N₂⁺; diazonium salts are used to manufacture azo dyes, and take part in the Sandmeyer reaction


diffusion

en-noun

diffusion (countable and uncountable, plural diffusions)

Borrowed from Latin diffūsiō, from diffundō; can be decomposed as diffuse + -ion.

(physics) The scattering of light by reflection from a rough surface, or by passage through a translucent medium.

gaseous diffusion

(physics) The intermingling of the molecules of a fluid due to random thermal agitation.

(physics, weather) Exchange of airborne media between regions in space in an apparently random motion of a small scale.


catenation

catenation (countable and uncountable, plural catenations)

(chemistry) The ability of a few elements, most especially carbon, to yield chains and rings by forming covalent bonds with atoms of the same element.


chemical physics

(physical chemistry) The science that studies chemical processes and phenomena from the point of view of physics.


cosmochemistry

The branch of chemistry that deals with the creation of the elements, and their isotopic distribution, in the universe; also with the synthesis and reactions of simple molecules in interstellar space.


hopping

hopping (countable and uncountable, plural hoppings)

(countable, physics) A shift from one energy-state to another by an electron in an atom.


isotopic

(chemistry, physics) of, or relating to isotopes


catalytic converter

catalytic converter (plural catalytic converters)

(automotive) A chamber containing a finely divided platinum catalyst in which carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust are oxidized to carbon dioxide.

محول حفزي

chamber in which carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust are oxidized into carbon dioxide


borohydride

(inorganic chemistry) The anion and very strong reducing agent BH₄⁻.


liquid crystal

liquid crystal (countable and uncountable, plural liquid crystals)

(chemistry, physics) A phase of matter similar to a liquid, in which the molecules are arranged regularly in one or two dimensions.


lyotropic

From lyo- + -tropic, c. 1910, presumably borrowed from German, or by analogy with earlier lyo- terms such as lyophilic or lyophilization (1894). From Ancient Greek λύω (lúō, “to loosen, to dissolve”) + τροπικός (tropikós, “of or pertaining to a turn or change; or the solstice; or a trope or figure; tropic; tropical; etc.”), from τροπή (tropḗ, “turn; solstice; trope”).

uder

“We can however say that, with electrolytes, the effects are always lyotropic. Sulphates, tartrates, etc., raise the point of solidification, decrease the period of solidification, and increase the rate of change of the viscosity with the time. They therefore help the solidification.”

1910, The Journal of Physical Chemistry,, volume 14, pages 628–629:

It is interesting to note that sulphates head one of Freundlich’s lyotropic series; but I fear that this is merely a coincidence.

1910, The British Journal of Photography,, volume 57, page 631:

(chemistry, physics) describing a liquid crystal that exhibits phase transitions as a function of concentration


partial charge

(physics) an electric charge that is less than the charge on an electron; for example, that of a quark


radiochemistry

(chemistry) the chemistry of radioactive substances


radioisotope

(physics) a radioactive isotope of an element


physical chemistry

(physical chemistry) The science that uses theories and techniques from physics to study chemical systems.


electronegativity

(chemistry) The tendency, or a measure of the ability, of an atom or molecule to attract electrons when forming bonds.


nuclide

From nucleus + -ide. Coined by American chemist Truman Kohman in 1947 in an article in the American Journal of Physics, in which he defines nuclide as "a species of atom characterized by the constitution of its nucleus, in particular by the numbers of protons and neutrons in its nucleus."

coin

(physics) An atomic nucleus specified by its atomic number and atomic mass.


anteorbital

(astronautics) Referring to the period before orbit is achieved.


Cotton effect

optical rotatory dispersion
optical rotatory dispersion

(physical chemistry) The characteristic change in optical rotatory dispersion and/or circular dichroism in the vicinity of an absorption band of a substance.


optical rotatory dispersion

en-noun

optical rotatory dispersion (countable and uncountable, plural optical rotatory dispersions)

(chemistry, physics) the variation in the optical rotation of a substance with the wavelength of light


circular dichroism

In the close vicinity of a chiral nanostructure, the circular dichroism of a biomolecule could be greatly enhanced, due to the interaction with the local superchiral fields.

2016, S. Hamed Shams Mousavi, Sajanlal R. Panikkanvalappil, Mostafa A. El-Sayed, Ali A. Eftekhar, Ali Adibi, “Large Enhancement of Circular Dichroism Using an Embossed Chiral Metamaterial”, in arXiv:

circularly polarized light
circularly polarized light

(physical chemistry, quantum mechanics) the differential absorption of left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light


CPT symmetry

(physics) the fundamental symmetry of physical laws under transformations that involve the simultaneous inversions of charge, parity and time


Coulomb's constant

(electricity) the constant of proportionality in the equation of Coulomb's law; numerical value depends on the units used


coulometric

(physics, chemistry) of, or relating to coulometry


Coulomb barrier

Coulomb barrier (plural Coulomb barriers)

(physics) the barrier between two atomic nuclei, due to Coulomb repulsion, that has to be overcome for nuclear fusion to proceed


Coulomb collision

Coulomb collision (plural Coulomb collisions)

(physics) the interaction between two moving electric charges at close range


critical opalescence

(physics) the milky turbidity observed in a fluid as it is slowly cooled to just above its critical point, at which point two clear phases (gas and liquid) form


Coulomb blockade

Coulomb blockade (plural Coulomb blockades)

(physics) the increased resistance observed at low temperatures in some semiconductor devices


Coulomb repulsion

(physics) The repulsive force between two positive or two negative charges, as described by Coulomb's law.


coulometry

coulometry (usually uncountable, plural coulometries)

(physics, chemistry) A technique in analytical chemistry in which the amount of substance released during electrolysis, and the amount of electricity used, are measured.


Coulomb explosion

Coulomb explosion (plural Coulomb explosions)

(physics) The effect of a molecule moving at high speed striking a solid; binding electrons being torn off, and the resulting charged constituents separating due to Coulomb repulsion.


Coulomb's law

(electricity) the fundamental law of electrostatics - the force between two point charges is proportional to the product of their charges, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them


coulometer

(physics, chemistry) a device, used in coulometry, to determine the amount of substance released during electrolysis.


polychromatic

en-adj

polychromatic (comparative more polychromatic, superlative most polychromatic)

more polychromatic (comparative)
most polychromatic (superlative)

(physics, of electromagnetic radiation) Composed of more than one wavelength.


absorption band

en-noun

absorption band (plural absorption bands)

(physics, physical chemistry) One of any number of ranges of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation absorbed by a substance.


Coulomb force

(electricity) The electrostatic force between two charges, as described by Coulomb's law.


Coulomb attraction

(physics) the attraction between opposite charges due to Coulomb force


conformer

(physical chemistry) Any of a set of stereoisomers characterized by a conformation that corresponds to a distinct potential energy minimum.

(physical chemistry, biochemistry) A particular folded state or conformation of a protein, especially an abnormal conformation of a prion


polarization

polarization (countable and uncountable, plural polarizations)

Borrowed from French polarisation. By surface analysis, polarize + -ation or polar + -ization.

electromagnetic wave
electromagnetic wave

the production or the condition of polarity

(physics) the production of polarized light; the direction in which the electric field of an electromagnetic wave points

(chemistry, physics) the separation of positive and negative charges in a nucleus, atom, molecule or system


zone melting

(physics, chemistry) A technique used to purify a metal, semiconductor or other solid in which a heating system slowly causes a series of molten zones to traverse the solid, leaving purer material behind it.


fractional crystallization

fractional crystallization (countable and uncountable, plural fractional crystallizations)

(physics, chemistry) the separation of two solutes from the same solution by using either a solvent or a crystallization temperature such that only one solute is supersaturated and crystallizes out


critical point

(thermodynamics) The temperature and pressure at which the vapour density of the gas and liquid phases of a fluid are equal, at which point there is no difference between gas and liquid.


supersaturated

(chemistry, physics, of a solution) More concentrated than is normally possible.

overmættet

more concentrated than is normally possible

(physics, of a vapor) Having a vapor pressure higher than is normally possible.

ylikylläisyys

having a higher vapor pressure than is normally possible