carbonometer

(obsolete, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry) An early device for measuring the concentration of carbon dioxide in a gas, by bubbling it through limewater and measuring the cloudiness.


lock up

en-verb

lock up (third-person singular simple present locks up, present participle locking up, simple past and past participle locked up)

locks up (present singular third-person)
locking up (participle present)
locked up (participle past)
locked up (past)

(intransitive, mechanics) To stop moving; to seize.

Due to the engines-out condition, the landing was conducted without the brake antiskid and normal breaking^([sic]) systems. Because the emergency brake accumulator only provides for a limited amount of brake applications, full braking was applied and retained at the second touch down, resulting in the main wheels locking up. The tires quickly abraded and deflated at a point between about 300 and 450 feet beyond the second and final touch down.

2004 October 18, Gabinete de Prevenção e Investigação de Acidentes com Aeronaves, “1.3 Damage to Aircraft”, in Accident Investigation Final Report: All Engines-out Landing Due to Fuel Exhaustion, Air Transat Airbus A330-243 marks C-GITS, Lajes, Azores, Portugal, 24 August 2001, archived from the original on 2022-10-30, page 11:

(of a wheel) To stop spinning due to excessive braking torque.


carbon dating

en-noun

carbon dating (countable and uncountable, plural carbon datings)


weightless

en-adj

weightless (comparative more weightless, superlative most weightless)

more weightless (comparative)
most weightless (superlative)


sputter

en-verb

sputter (third-person singular simple present sputters, present participle sputtering, simple past and past participle sputtered)

sputters (present singular third-person)
sputtering (participle present)
sputtered (participle past)
sputtered (past)

Probably representing Middle English *sputren, *sputrien, a frequentative form of Middle English sputen (“to spout, vomit”), equivalent to spout + -er. Cognate with Saterland Frisian spüttern (“to inject, spray, splash”), West Frisian sputterje (“to sputter”), Dutch sputteren (“to sputter”), Low German sputtern, spruttern (“to sprinkle”), German sprudeln (“to spout, squirt”). Compare splutter.

cog

(physics, intransitive) To cause surface atoms or electrons of a solid to be ejected by bombarding it with heavy atoms or ions.

разпрашвам

to cause surface atoms or electrons of a solid to be ejected by bombarding it with heavy atoms or ions

(physics, transitive) To coat the surface of an object by sputtering.

naprašovat

to coat the surface of an object by sputtering


virial

From Latin vīs (vīs has a hidden "r" that shows in forms such as the genitive plural, vīrium).

(mechanics) Of or pertaining to the interactive forces between molecules or particles.


virial

The quantity 1/2 Rr, or half the product of the attraction into the distance across which the attraction is exerted, is defined by Clausis [Prof. Clausis of Bonn] as the virial of the attraction. (In the case of pressure or repulsion, the virial is negative.)

1875, James Clerk Maxwell, “On the Dynamical Evidence of the Molecular Constitution of Bodies”, in Nature, 11 (1875), 357-359, 374-377:

(mechanics) One-half of the product of the stress of attraction or repulsion with the distance between two particles.


suction

en-noun

suction (usually uncountable, plural suctions)

From Latin sūctiō, attested since Late Latin and derived from sūgō (“to suck”). Attested in English since the early 17th century.

(physics) A force which pushes matter from one space into another because the pressure inside the second space is lower than the pressure in the first.

(physics) A force holding two objects together because the pressure in the space between the items is lower than the pressure outside that space.


bisulfide

(chemistry) (dated) Disulfide, the anion ⁻S–S⁻.


Avogadro's number

Named after Italian physicist Amedeo Avogadro (1776–1856).

named-after

(physical chemistry) The number of elementary entities (atoms or molecules) comprising one mole of a given substance, being precisely 6.02214076 × 10²³. Formerly defined as the number of atoms present in 12 grams of isotopically pure carbon-12.

ثَابِت أَفُوجَادْرُو

number of atoms or molecules in 1 mole of some substance


phase rule

(physics) the rule which states that the number of degrees of freedom in a system at equilibrium equals the number of components minus the number of phases plus 2


photoemission

electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation

(physics) the ejection of electrons from the surface of a solid by incident electromagnetic radiation


PAH

phenylalanine hydroxylase
phenylalanine hydroxylase#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of phenylalanine hydroxylase.


phase velocity

(physics) The velocity of propagation of a pure sine wave of infinite extent and infinitesimal amplitude.

سرعة الطور

propagation velocity of a pure sine wave


photoelasticity

en-noun

photoelasticity (countable and uncountable, plural photoelasticities)

a technique for studying and measuring the stresses and strains in an object by means of mechanical birefringence


birefringence

birefringence (countable and uncountable, plural birefringences)

/baɪɹɪˈfɹɪnd͡ʒəns/

In figure 6, the birefringence, δ, for 2H, 4H, 6H, and 15R is plotted as a function of wavelength.

1972, J. Anthony Powell, Refractive Index and Birefringence of 2H Silicon Carbide, page 13:

This means that, in contrast to the relaxation after steady shear flow, one has actually to expect that there will be a significant difference in the speeds of relaxation of birefringence and recoverable shear like the difference suggested by the courses of curves I and II of Fig.4.1.

1983, Hermann Janeschitz-Kriegl, Polymer Melt Rheology and Flow Birefringence, Springer, page 424:

In this paper, two-dimensional thermal and mechanical stress-induced birefringence measurements in laser-diode-pumped solid-state laser materials using the new polarimeter are described.

1994, Technology Reports of the Osaka University, Volumes 44-45, Osaka University, page 254:

2012, Luís A. Fernandes, Birefringence and Bragg grating control in femtosecond laser written optical circuits, Departamento de Física e Astronomia da Universidade do Porto, page 112,
Heat accumulation in borosilicate glass [23] has [been] shown to produce lower birefringence due to radial stress regions as opposed to the more asymmetric stress produced in fused silica [136, 137]; however, these features remain unexplored in most glasses.

(physics) The splitting of a ray of light into two parallel rays of perpendicular polarization by passage through an optically anisotropic medium; the property of a material that light passing through it is so split.

biréfringence

the splitting of a ray of light into two parallel rays of perpendicular polarization


dinitrogen reductase

dinitrogenase reductase
dinitrogenase reductase


dinitrogenase

(biochemistry) Either of two enzymes which, together with ATP, catalyze the reduction of molecular nitrogen into ammonia.


dinitrogenase reductase

(biochemistry) One of two enzymes which, together with ATP, catalyze the reduction of molecular nitrogen into ammonia.


dioxygenase

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymes that catalyze dioxygenation reactions


photoionisation

photoionisation (countable and uncountable, plural photoionisations)

(physics) The ejection of electrons from an atom or other species following the absorption of photons.


photovoltaic cell

photovoltaic cell (plural photovoltaic cells)

(physics) a device that absorbs radiant energy and converts it into electrical energy


geosynchronous

Refers to the orbit of a satellite whose rate of revolution is matched to the rotation period of the Earth. A special case is the geostationary orbit which is circular and equatorial, so that the satellite appears to be fixed over a particular point on Earth's sky.

geosynkroninen

orbit whose rate of revolution is matched with Earth


pinch effect

(physics) the magnetic self-attraction of parallel electric currents having the same direction; the restriction of a flowing plasma because of this attraction


pionium

(physics, chemistry) an exotic atom equivalent to a hydrogen atom with the proton replaced by a pion

(physics) an onium where the bound antiparticle-particle pair is a pion and an antipion.


Pirani gauge

(physics) a device used to measure vacuum by measuring changes in the temperature related resistance of a filament


triplet oxygen

(physics, chemistry) The normal, paramagnetic state of diatomic molecular oxygen.


singlet oxygen

(physics, chemistry) A metastable state of molecular oxygen that has a slightly higher energy than normal triplet oxygen and is more chemically reactive.


brown dwarf

brown dwarf (plural brown dwarfs or brown dwarves)

brown dwarfs (plural)
brown dwarves (plural)

(astronomy) A starlike object that contracts to about the volume of Jupiter after its formation phase; its mass may range from several times that of Jupiter, such that it fuses deuterium, up to just below the threshold of sustained hydrogen fusion.


pleochroic halo

pleochroic halo (plural pleochroic halos or pleochroic haloes)

pleochroic halos (plural)
pleochroic haloes (plural)

(geology) A microscopic spherical region in which there is a change in color from the surrounding mineral; due to radiation damage from alpha particles.


plasmon

(physics, astronomy) The quantum of waves produced by the collective effects of large numbers of electrons when disturbed from equilibrium.


centrifugal

From New Latin centrifugālis, coined by Christiaan Huygens from Latin centrum (“center”) + fugiō (“to flee”) + -al.

Tending, or causing, to recede from the center.

mərkəzdənqaçma

tending, or causing, to recede from the center

(botany) Expanding first at the summit, and later at the base, as a flower cluster.

(botany) Having the radicle turned toward the sides of the fruit, as some embryos.


centrifugal

Where the sequencing of the centrifugals is accomplished by the triggering of a function in the process cycle, a buffer zone (nonproductive time) has to be inserted in the cycle time prior to this action.

1993, James C. P. Chen, Chung Chi Chou, Cane Sugar Handbook:

Modern practice favours warming the massecuite in pug mills, placed above the centrifugals.

2011, H. Panda, The Complete Book on Sugarcane Processing and By-Products of Molasses:

A rotating machine used to separate massecuite into sugar crystals and molasses.


uranium hexafluoride

uranium hexafluoride (plural uranium hexafluorides)

(chemistry) a binary compound of uranium and fluorine, UF₆; it is a grey solid, or heavy gas, and is used in the uranium enrichment process to produce fuel for nuclear reactors or nuclear weapons

किरणातु षटतरस्विनेय

binary compound of uranium and fluorine, UF6


malleability

malleability (countable and uncountable, plural malleabilities)

The quality or state of being malleable.


activator

continuous erythropoietin receptor activator

(physical chemistry) Something that activates a catalyst


Coriolis force

From French Coriolis (“a surname”) + English force, after French scientist Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis.

On a rotor, Coriolis forces will appear whenever there is a radial lengthening or shortening of the blade about the rotational axis, which will be a result of blade flapping or bending.

2006, J. Gordon Leishman, Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics, page 197:

These terms are generally thought of as due to Coriolis forces, and represent a coupling of the modes of vibration ω₂ and ω₃ Coriolis forces in the rotating molecule. The Coriolis force is a fictitious force which must be introduced if mechanical motion is studied in a rotating coordinate system and the rotation is otherwise overlooked.

2013, C. H. Townes, A.L. Schawlow, Microwave Spectroscopy, page 30:

First, we'll look at a simplified picture of how the pressure gradient and Coriolis forces affect an air parcel high above the ground.

2013, Jack Williams, The AMS Weather Book: The Ultimate Guide to America's Weather, page 56:

(physics, meteorology) A fictitious force apparently exerted on any moving body (including a parcel of air) due to the rotation of the earth, observed as a deflection of the body to the right of its direction of travel (i.e., clockwise) in the Northern Hemisphere, or to the left (anticlockwise) in the Southern Hemisphere; any equivalent apparent force that deflects objects in a rotating reference frame.

Coriolis effect
Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis

Coriolisova síla

apparent force due to the rotation of the earth


chain drive

(mechanics) transmission system in which power is transferred to the wheels (for example), by means of a chain.


nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (uncountable)

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

(biochemistry) The phosphate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; a coenzyme important in fatty acid synthesis.


phospholipase

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymes that hydrolyze the phosphate ester bonds of phospholipids.


phosphatase

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymes that hydrolyze phosphate esters, and are important in the metabolism of carbohydrates, nucleotides and phospholipids, and in the formation of bone.

磷酸酶

an enzyme that hydrolyzes phosphate esters


entanglement

entanglement (countable and uncountable, plural entanglements)

pletka

that which entangles; intricacy; perplexity

In his article, Bell demonstrated that quantum theory requires entanglement; the strange connectedness is an inescapable feature of the equations.

2014 November 14, David Kaiser, “Is Quantum Entanglement Real?”, in New York Times:

quantum entanglement
quantum entanglement#English

(physics) Ellipsis of quantum entanglement.


polaron

(physics) The object (a quasiparticle) that results when an electron (or hole) in the conduction band of a crystalline insulator or semiconductor polarizes the lattice in its vicinity.


pleochroism

pleochroism (countable and uncountable, plural pleochroisms)

(physics) The optical phenomenon in some coloured, transparent crystals (such as tourmaline and opal) in which the colour changes when viewed from different directions.


geon

Coined by J. A. Wheeler from gravitational electromagnetic entity.

(physics) A hypothetical electromagnetic or gravitational wave held together in a confined region by the gravitational attraction of its own field energy.


helicon

Probably from Ancient Greek ἕλῐξ (hélix) + -on, after bombardon.

electromagnetic wave
electromagnetic wave

(physics) A low-frequency electromagnetic wave observed in various plasmas.


potentiometer

(physics) An instrument that measures a voltage by opposing it with a precise fraction of a known voltage, and without drawing current from the unknown source.


imponderable

(physics) A substance or body, which is not ponderable, i.e., which not does not having a detectable amount of matter or measurable mass. An imponderable substance or body; specifically, in the plural, a name formerly applied to heat, light, electricity, and magnetism.


weapons-grade

For 75 years, it has fulfilled a wide range of roles: producing weapons-grade plutonium for early atomic weapons in the aftermath of the Second World War; the world's first commercial nuclear power station supplying electricity to the National Grid; reprocessing and storage of nuclear fuel; and the processing of lower grades of radioactive waste for off-site storage.

2023 December 27, Ben Jones, “Inside Sellafield... by rail”, in RAIL, number 999, page 20:

(of a radioactive or other substance) Of a purity suitable for the manufacture of weapons.


actinobiology

The study of the effects of radiation upon living organisms.


MOCVD

metalorganic chemical vapour deposition#English

(manufacturing, physical chemistry) Initialism of metalorganic chemical vapour deposition.


MOVPE

metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy
w:metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy

(manufacturing, physical chemistry) Initialism of metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy.


slowness

slowness (usually uncountable, plural slownesses)

(physics) A unit, the reciprocal of velocity, that delineates the amount of time required for an object to travel a given distance.


psychrometrics

(meteorology, thermodynamics) The measurement or study of the physical and thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere and its water vapour.


half-time

half-time (countable and uncountable, plural half-times)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-half-time.wav

(physics) The time taken for a physical quantity to halve the difference between its present value and its final value.

半衰期

time to halve the difference between present value and final value


TR

thioredoxin reductase
w:thioredoxin reductase

(biochemistry) Initialism of thioredoxin reductase.


papain

Attested since the late 1800s. From papaya + -in.

(biochemistry) A proteolytic enzyme in papaya fruit which can be used to tenderize meat.


retardation

retardation (countable and uncountable, plural retardations)

The act of retarding or delaying; hindrance.

(acoustics) The distance by which one wave is behind another.

[...] the effect is automatically to select a braking force which is higher at above 40 m.p.h., in the initial stages of retardation, but is reduced as the speed falls below 40 m.p.h.

1960 April, “The braking of trains”, in Trains Illustrated, page 237:

(physics) Deceleration; reduction in the magnitude of velocity.


irradiate

en-verb

irradiate (third-person singular simple present irradiates, present participle irradiating, simple past and past participle irradiated)

irradiates (present singular third-person)
irradiating (participle present)
irradiated (participle past)
irradiated (past)
irradiate (infinitive)

/ɪˈɹeɪdɪeɪt/

The verb is a learned borrowing from Medieval Latin irradiātus + English -ate (suffix forming verbs denoting ‘to act in the specified manner’). Irradiātus is the perfect passive participle of irradiō, from Latin ir- (a variant of in- (prefix meaning ‘against; into; on, upon’)) + radiō (“to cause to radiate, irradiate; to emit beams, radiate”) (from radius (“ray of light; rod, staff; spoke of a wheel”) (further etymology uncertain; possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁t- (“beam; pole; post”)) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs)).
The adjective is derived from Late Middle English irradiate (“illuminated, shining”), borrowed from Medieval Latin irradiātus (see above) + Middle English -at (suffix forming past participles of verbs). The adjective is attested earlier than the verb.
The English word is analysable as ir- (prefix meaning ‘against; into; on, upon’) + radiate.

облъчвам

to apply radiation other than visible light to (someone or something); to treat (food) with ionizing radiation to destroy pathogens; to treat (a patient, or a cancerous growth or tumour) with radiation

To send out (heat, light, or some other form of radiation) in the form of rays; to radiate.

An inherent protection in labeling of the shipping containers will be the prevention of irradiating the commodity again, insuring that the produce has been treated within the safety limits established by the FDA [Food and Drug Administration].

1985 November 18, J. Richard Graves, jr., witness, “Statement of J. Richard Graves, jr., Chairman, Government Relations Committee, United Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association”, in Federal Food Irradiation Development and Control Act of 1985: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Agriculture of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, Ninety-Ninth Congress, First Session on H.R. 696 […] (Serial No. 99-14), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, published 1986, →OCLC, page 100:

(technology) To apply radiation other than visible light to (someone or something).

To treat (food) with ionizing radiation to destroy pathogens.

(medicine) To treat (a patient, or a cancerous growth or tumour) with radiation.


quantized electronic structure

en-noun

quantized electronic structure (plural quantized electronic structures)

quantized electronic structures (plural)
as QUEST (abbreviation)

(physics) Any material that confines electrons in such a small space that their wavelike behaviour becomes important and their properties are strongly modified by quantum mechanical effects; examples include atoms and layered semiconductor devices.


Hawking radiation

Named from the English physicist Stephen Hawking.

The radiation presumed to be given off by a black hole by quantum mechanical processes.


quantized vortex

quantized vortex (plural quantized vortexes or quantized vortices)

quantized vortexes (plural)
quantized vortices (plural)

(physics) a flow pattern exhibited by superfluids, such as ⁴He below 2.17K, in which the circulation rate is restricted to a quantized multiple of Planck's constant divided by the mass of the He atom


quantum acoustics

(quantum mechanics) the study of the effects of the laws of quantum mechanics on the propagation and absorption of sound


quantum anomaly

quantum anomaly (plural quantum anomalies)

(quantum mechanics) Any phenomenon that arises when a quantity that becomes zero according to classical physics acquires a finite value when quantum rules are used.


metamaterial

(engineering, physics) Any material engineered to have a property that is rarely observed in naturally occurring materials; especially:

Any material that obtains its electromagnetic properties from its structure rather than from its chemical composition; especially a material engineered to have features of a size less than that of the wavelength of a class of electromagnetic radiation.


classical physics

(physics) all aspects of physics developed before the rise of quantum mechanics


hygroscopic

en-adj

hygroscopic (comparative more hygroscopic, superlative most hygroscopic)

more hygroscopic (comparative)
most hygroscopic (superlative)

The tissues of Ralfsia are dense and the cells are extremely hygroscopic. The plants may become almost crisp dry in the sun, yet remain alive and continue growth with the first splash of the incoming tide.

1966, E. Yale Dawson, Seashore Plants of Southern Califonria, 3rd printing, Berkley: University of California Press, published 1975, →ISBN, →LCCN, pages 23–24:

(physical chemistry, botany) Readily taking up and retaining water, especially from the atmosphere.


quantum electronics

(quantum mechanics) The field concerned with the interaction of radiation and matter, and on the effects of quantum mechanics on the behaviour of electrons.


quantum chemistry

(chemistry, physics) the application of quantum mechanics to chemical problems


quantum electrodynamics

(physics) The study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with electrically charged matter within the framework of relativity and quantum mechanics.


ket

From bra-ket notation invented by Paul Dirac, from bracket.

A particular ket, say |A⟩, might be represented by a particular column vector. Its corresponding bra, ⟨A|, would then be represented by the row vector which is the transpose conjugate of that column vector.

(physics) A column vector, in Hilbert space, especially as representing the state of a quantum mechanical system; the complex conjugate transpose of a bra (a row vector); a ket vector. Symbolised by |...〉.


seating

en-noun

seating (countable and uncountable, plural seatings)

(mechanics) Collectively, the various fitted supports of the parts of a structure or of a machine; a housing in which a component is seated.


power line

An electrical wire, cable or conduit, suspended in air by utility poles or transmission towers, or buried underground, used for the carrying of electricity either from a power source such as a generating station to a substation, or from a substation to a building such as a plant, commercial building or a home.

خَطّ اَلطَّاقَة

ḵaṭṭ aṭ-ṭāqa


utility pole

A utility pole shone yellow like a sick bruise high up over them.

2023, Brandon Taylor, The Late Americans, Jonathan Cape, page 34:

A tall cylinder, often made from the trunk of a tree, usually topped by a cross beam, used by a public utility to carry wire, cable or conduit through the air, for the transportation of electricity, cable television, telephone or similar services.


zero-point

(physics) associated with zero on any scale, but particularly with a temperature of absolute zero


quantum gravitation

(quantum mechanics) The quantum theory of the gravitational field.

(quantum mechanics) The study of quantum fields in curved spacetime.


radiation chemistry

(physics, chemistry) The study of the chemical changes that result from the absorption of ionizing radiation.


quark-gluon plasma

quark-gluon plasma (usually uncountable, plural quark-gluon plasmas)

(physics) A predicted state of matter, containing deconfined quarks and gluons, present in the very early universe (first millionth of a second), and recreated at extremely high energy densities, such as those in the collision of heavy atomic nuclei as speeds very close to the speed of light.


radiation damage

radiation damage (countable and uncountable, plural radiation damages)

(physics, chemistry) Harmful changes in the properties of materials caused by interactions with ionizing radiation.


radiation shielding

physical barriers designed to provide protection from the effects of ionizing radiation, including radioactive material


radiation hardening

(physics, chemistry) The protection of semiconductor devices from the effects of ionizing radiation.


radiation pressure

radiation pressure (plural radiation pressures)

(physics) The pressure exerted by electromagnetic radiation on an object on which it impinges, as a consequence of its momentum.


radiation therapy

(medicine) The use of ionizing radiation to treat disease, especially cancer.


racemization

racemization (countable and uncountable, plural racemizations)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) The formation of a racemate from a pure enantiomer.


quasicrystal

(physics, chemistry) any solid with conventional crystalline properties but exhibiting a point group symmetry inconsistent with translational periodicity


quantum solid

(quantum mechanics) Any of a class of solids (such as that of helium) whose atoms or molecules undergo large zero-point motion even in the quantum ground state (at absolute zero).


radiation biology

(physics, biology) The study of the effect of ionizing and nonionizing radiation on biological systems.


radioecology

the study of the fate and effects of radioactive materials in the environment


radioactive fallout

radioactive fallout (countable and uncountable, plural radioactive fallouts)


radioactive tracer

radioactive tracer (plural radioactive tracers)

(physics, chemistry, medicine) A radioactive isotope which, when injected into a chemically similar substance, or artificially attached to a biological or physical system, can be traced by radiation detection devices.


radiometry

radiometry (usually uncountable, plural radiometries)

(physics) The branch of science that deals with the detection and measurement of radiant electromagnetic energy.


Raman effect

From Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, Indian physicist.

(physics) the inelastic scattering of photons with subsequent change in frequency and phase; employed in Raman spectroscopy

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
Raman effect


Rankine cycle

From William John Macquorn Rankine, Scottish engineer and physicist.

(physics) A thermodynamic cycle used as an ideal standard for the comparative performance of heat engines.

Rankine cycle
William John Macquorn Rankine


chromatic aberration

chromatic aberration (plural chromatic aberrations)

/kɹoʊˈmæ.tɪk ˌæb.əˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/

/kɹəˈmæ.tɪk ˌæb.əˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/

(optics) An optical aberration in which an image has coloured fringes, caused by differential refraction of light of different wavelengths.


laccase

Higushi (54) reported on mushroom phenol oxidase prepared by the method of Freudenberg and its use for oxidation of coniferyl alcohol and related compounds and demonstrated that the enzyme product was a mixture of tyrosinase and laccase.

1962, Forest Products Journal, volume 12, page 142:

(biochemistry) Any of several copper-containing oxidase enzymes found in plants and microorganisms.


harmonium

Borrowed from French harmonium, a term coined by French inventor Alexandre Debain in 1840.

coin

The only other man was a little grey-headed fellow with a pleasant face and quick, twinkling eyes, who sat at a harmonium in the corner.

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “Which Describes Some Strange Doings in Hammersmith”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

They were a grave and reverend seignior in a frock coat, a lady sitting at a portable harmonium, and a chinless youth toying with a crucifix.

1933 January 9, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Down and Out in Paris and London, London: Victor Gollancz […], →OCLC, page 244:

It [Troutbeck] has religious isolation also, for it is several miles—and very strenuous miles in winter—from the parish church at Mungrisdale, and the introduction of the harmonium to the waiting room was due to the zeal of a vicar of many years ago who, in the absence of any other room in the village, obtained permission to use the premises for services, including Sunday School. Most of his successors have continued this self-sacrificing duty.

1951 October, “Notes and News: The Harmonium at Troutbeck”, in Railway Magazine, page 709:

(music) A small keyboard instrument that consists of a series of reed pipes, which sound when one of the keys is pressed to open a valve that allows air to pass through.


CFD

Computational Fluid Dynamics
computational fluid dynamics#English

(computing, mechanics) Initialism of Computational Fluid Dynamics.


calcine

en-verb

calcine (third-person singular simple present calcines, present participle calcining, simple past and past participle calcined)

calcines (present singular third-person)
calcining (participle present)
calcined (participle past)
calcined (past)
calcine (infinitive)

The verb is derived from Late Middle English calcinen (“(alchemy, medicine) to heat (something) until it turns to powder; to change the nature of (something) by heating”) [and other forms], from Old French calciner (modern French calciner (“to calcinate; to calcine”)) and from its etymon Medieval Latin calcināre (“(alchemy) to burn like lime; to reduce to calx”), from Late Latin calcīna (“inorganic material containing calcium, lime”) + -āre (suffix forming present active infinitive forms of verbs). Calcīna is derived from Latin calcis, the genitive singular of calx (“chalk; limestone”), possibly from Ancient Greek χᾰ́λῐξ (khálix, “small stone, pebble; gravel, rubble”); further etymology unknown, possibly Pre-Greek.
The noun is derived from the verb.

nb...

calcene, calcenen, calciene, calcyne, calsinen

der

Fire […] burneth and calcineth ſtone, vvhereof is made that morter vvhich bindeth all vvork in maſonry.

1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XXXVI.] The Wonderfull Operations of Fire: The Medicinable Properties that It Hath: And the Prodigious Significations Observed thereby.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 599:

I ſent you of his fæces there, calcin'd. / Out of that calx, I'ha'vvonne the ſalt of Mercurie.

1610 (first performance), Ben[jamin] Jonson, The Alchemist, London: […] Thomas Snodham, for Walter Burre, and are to be sold by Iohn Stepneth, […], published 1612, →OCLC; reprinted Menston, Yorkshire: The Scolar Press, 1970, →OCLC, Act II, scene iii:

(physical chemistry) To heat (a substance) without melting in order to drive off water, etc., and to oxidize or reduce it; specifically, to decompose (carbonates) into oxides, and, especially, to heat (limestone) to form quicklime.

bişirmək

to heat (a substance) without melting in order to drive off water, etc., and to oxidize or reduce it

This Cryſtal is a pellucid fiſſile Stone, clear as Water or Cryſtal of the Rock, and without Colour; enduring a red Heat without loſing its tranſparency, and in a very ſtrong Heat calcining without Fuſion.

a. 1728 (date written), Isaac Newton, “[The Third Book of Opticks.] [Qu[estion] 25. Are there not other original Properties of the Rays of Light, besides those already described?]”, in Opticks: Or, A Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections and Colours of Light. […], 4th edition, London: […] William Innys […], published 1730, →OCLC, page 329:

(intransitive, physical chemistry) Of a substance: to undergo heating so as to oxidize it.

калцинирам се

of a substance: to undergo heating so as to oxidize it


mesomorphic

/ˌmɛzəˈmɔɹfɪk/

/ˌmɛsəˈmɔɹfɪk/

1958, Chemical Society (Great Britain), G. W. Gray, Steric Effects in Conjugated Systems, page 161,
Changes in the chemical constitution of a mesomorphic compound may therefore radically alter the mesomorphic properties and thermal stabilities.

1993, Nikolaĭ Alʹfredovich Platė (editor, original Russian edition), S. L. Schnur (translator), Liquid-Crystal Polymers, page 132,
This x-ray is typical of mesomorphic structures which occupy an intermediate position between crystalline and amorphous with respect to the degree of order.

The thermodynamic conditions under which such a mesomorphic phase can interfere and affect the crystallization process are described in Fig. 5.40.

2007, Gert R. Strobl, The Physics of Polymers: Concepts for Understanding Their Structures and Behavior, page 200:

(chemistry, physics) Of or pertaining to phases of matter intermediate between solid and liquid; of or pertaining to liquid crystals.


protease

/ˈpɹəʊtɪeɪz/

As a matter of fact the casein protease digests boiled and coagulated serum far more easily than unboiled serum, as set forth by the following experiments.

1903 November 2, S. G. Hedin, “On the presence of a proteolytic enzyme in the normal serum of the ox”, in The Journal of Physiology, volume 30, number 2, page 195:

All were tested for their ability to clot milk and to hydrolyze denatured hemoglobin, egg albumin, protamine (salmon), histone (calf thymus), and benzoyl-l-arginineamide. In no case was any trace of protease activity detected.

1948 September 20, Margaret R. McDonald, “A method for the preparation of "protease-free" crystalline ribonuclease”, in Journal of General Physiology, volume 32, number 1, page 39:

For our purposes, it is sufficient to note that dysregulation of desquamatory protease activity in the SC is often involved in conditions of compromised skin barrier.

2015, Raja Sivamani, Jared R. Jagdeo, Peter Elsner, Cosmeceuticals and Active Cosmetics:

(biochemistry) An enzyme that cuts or cleaves proteins.

蛋白質分解酵素

たんぱくしつぶんかいこうそ


incalescent

en-adj

incalescent (comparative more incalescent, superlative most incalescent)

more incalescent (comparative)
most incalescent (superlative)

From Latin incalescent-, stem of incalescens, present participle of incalescere, from in + calescere (“to grow warm”).

From some undreamed-of reservoir my body summoned up a gravity tank of incalescent libido.

1973, Kyril Bonfiglioli, Mordecais' Endgame (Don't Point That Thing at Me), page 119:


peniche

Peniche (fluid dynamics)
Péniche (barge)

(fluid dynamics) Material inserted between a half-model, often of an airplane, and the wall of a wind tunnel.


entangled

entangled (comparative more entangled, superlative most entangled)

more entangled (comparative)
most entangled (superlative)

(physics) (of two quantum states) correlated, even though physically separated; (referring to a state of a composite system) not separable


polarity

en-noun

polarity (countable and uncountable, plural polarities)

polaritat

chemistry: dipole-dipole intermolecular force

(electricity) A measure of the electrical potential at the ends of a circuit. ᵂᵖ

(physics) The direction of a wave's amplitude or its being in phase or antiphase.

magnetic polarity
magnetic polarity#English

(physics) Ellipsis of magnetic polarity.


eightfold way

Coined by American physicist Murray Gell-Mann in 1961, as an allusion to the noble eightfold path in Buddhism.

coin

(physics) a theory that organizes subatomic particles into octets


demulsifier

(physical chemistry) Any substance used to break an emulsion into its constituent liquids.


Roswell

en-proper noun

Roswell (countable and uncountable, plural Roswells)

Metathesized from Middle English Roweshill, from a contraction of either the Old English personal name Hrōþwulf or its Norman cognate Rolf, Rouf, Rou (in the genitive case, adding -es) + Old English hyll (“hill”).

An unincorporated community in Canyon County, Idaho.

(1997) So go on with your life / Forget that Roswell crap / Show love to the black suit / 'Cuz that's the Men In … Black "Men in Black" by Will Smith (1997)

A city, the county seat of Chaves County, New Mexico, known for conspiracy theories that its Roswell Army Air Field has recovered UFOs and extraterrestrials.

Among the cases he examined was an incident that has come to be known as England’s Roswell.

1998, Jim Wilson, “Six Unexplainable Encounters”, in Popular Mechanics, Hearst Magazines, page 66:

Kazantsev’s story was for some unaccountable reason taken seriously in the West, leading to some enthusiasts referring to Tunguska as the Russian Roswell.

2007, Rodney Castleden, Natural Disasters That Changed the World, Book Sales, page 272:

Dubbed “Mexico’s Roswell,” the mid-air collision near Coyame of an airplane and a UFO has been the subject of a major documentary for the History Channel’s UFO Hunters series in 2008, and numerous articles in newspapers, magazines, and Websites.

2008, Noe Torres, Ruben Uriarte, Mexico's Roswell: The Chihuahua UFO Crash, Lulu.com, page 3:

The most significant ufological event of a region.

Tuscarawas County
Tuscarawas County#English

A place in the United States:
A village in Tuscarawas County, Ohio.

census-designated place
census-designated place

A census-designated place in Miner County, South Dakota.


reluctance motor

en-noun

reluctance motor (plural reluctance motors)

an alternating current motor with a stator winding like that of an induction motor and a rotor that has projecting poles of ferromagnetic material


Stark effect

From Johannes Stark, German physicist and chemist.

(physics) The splitting and shift of a spectral line into several components in the presence of an electric field.


tidal current

(nautical) The flow of water caused by the rise and fall of the tide.


thermalize

en-verb

thermalize (third-person singular simple present thermalizes, present participle thermalizing, simple past and past participle thermalized)

thermalizes (present singular third-person)
thermalizing (participle present)
thermalized (participle past)
thermalized (past)

To lower the speed and kinetic energy of fast neutrons in a nuclear reactor by use of a moderator, and thus increase the efficiency of fission


shock wave

(physics) A powerful compression wave produced by the movement of a body through a fluid or gas at a velocity greater than the local speed of sound.


renormalization

en-noun

renormalization (countable and uncountable, plural renormalizations)

statistical mechanics
statistical mechanics

quantum electrodynamics
quantum electrodynamics

(physics) Any of several techniques in statistical mechanics and quantum electrodynamics used to construct mathematical relationships between observable quantities.


restriction enzyme

restriction enzyme (plural restriction enzymes)

We now know of 400 different kinds of restriction enzymes, each of which recognises a different sequence of DNA letters and cuts there, like a pair of scissors that cuts the paper only where it finds the word ‘restriction’.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 244:

(genetics) An endonuclease that catalyzes double-strand cleavage of DNA containing a specific sequence.


Reynolds number

Reynolds number (plural Reynolds numbers)

Named after British engineer Osborne Reynolds.

named-after

critical Reynolds number
critical Reynolds number

(physics) A dimensionless parameter that determines the behavior of viscous flow patterns. In pipe flow a value less than about 2,000 (known as the critical Reynolds number) produces laminar flow, one above about 3,000 produces turbulent flow (intermediate values produce unpredictable behavior).


thermalized

en-adj

thermalized (comparative more thermalized, superlative most thermalized)

more thermalized (comparative)
most thermalized (superlative)

(physics, of fast neutrons in a nuclear reactor) Brought to a lower velocity and kinetic energy by use of a moderator.


apparate

en-verb

apparate (third-person singular simple present apparates, present participle apparating, simple past and past participle apparated)

apparates (present singular third-person)
apparating (participle present)
apparated (participle past)
apparated (past)

From Late Latin apparēre (“to appear”), as of a servant who appears on being summoned. A back-formation from apparition.

"Reivers!" he bellowed. His valet appeared — or really, it seemed rather more like he apparated — in the doorway.

2004, Julia Quinn, When He Was Wicked, page 105:

What had silenced her, however, was the enormous demonic object that had apparated in the air beyond the tunnel's exit.

2005, Matthew Reilly, Scarecrow, page 115:

if it is an emergency, I will be able to apparate directly to wherever you are and help you.

2008, P. L. Lansdon, Dreams of Dragons and Fantasies of Fairy Flight and Light: Book One, page 254:

(fantasy, intransitive) To appear magically; to teleport to or from a place.


tracking

en-noun

tracking (countable and uncountable, plural trackings)

(electricity) The synchronization of two or more signals.

(electricity) The formation of conductive paths on the surface of an insulating material due to electrical discharges.


fairy dust

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fairy dust.wav

Based on the story of the fictional character Peter Pan, see quotations.

This led to a certain amount of complacency on my part and certainly the fairy dust and mescaline cocktails I took day and night could only have contributed to my uncommonly satiated drive for a good fuck.

2001, Simon Logan, I-O, Prime, →ISBN, page 102:


rigid body dynamics

(physics) The study of the motion of rigid bodies under the influence of forces.


Ritz's combination principle

(physics) The observation that the sums and differences of the frequencies of spectral lines often equal other observed frequencies; a consequence of quantum mechanics.


Rydberg atom

From Johannes Rydberg, Swedish physicist.

(physics, chemistry) Any atom which has a single valence electron in a shell well outside any other electrons in the aton; approximates the hydrogen atom.


tidal force

(physics) Any of various gravitational forces acting on a body caused by variation in the distance between it and a source of a gravitational field; such forces due to the Moon are responsible for tides.


Rydberg constant

Rydberg constant (plural Rydberg constants)

(physics) A universal scaling factor for all spectroscopic transitions.


change of state

change of state (plural changes of state)

(physical chemistry) Any change of a substance from one physical state (solid, liquid or gas) to another.

canvi d'estat

change of a substance from one physical state to another


rigid body

(physics) An idealized solid whose size and shape are fixed and remain unaltered when forces are applied; used in Newtonian mechanics to model real objects.


coulombic

(physics) relating to Coulomb's law and the force it involves


magnetomotive

en-adj

magnetomotive (comparative more magnetomotive, superlative most magnetomotive)

more magnetomotive (comparative)
most magnetomotive (superlative)

(physics) capable of producing magnetic flux


calorimetry

en-noun

calorimetry (countable and uncountable, plural calorimetries)

From Latin calor (“warmth, heat”) + -metry.

(physics) The science of measuring the heat absorbed or evolved during the course of a chemical reaction or change of state.


magnetic flux

magnetic flux (countable and uncountable, plural magnetic fluxes)

(physics) A measure of the strength of a magnetic field in a given area.


MMF

MMF (countable and uncountable, plural MMFs)

magnetomotive force
magnetomotive force#English

(physics) Initialism of magnetomotive force.


salt-effect distillation

(chemistry, physics) a technique of extractive distillation in which a salt or a non-volatile liquid is added to the mixture being distilled in order to remove azeotropes and aid separation


sulphatase

(biochemistry) Alternative spelling of sulfatase


sulfatase

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymes, in animals and bacteria, which catalyze the hydrolysis of organic sulfates


saturation current

saturation current (plural saturation currents)

(physics) the maximum current that can be obtained in a specific circuit under specified conditions


Schottky anomaly

Schottky anomaly (plural Schottky anomalies)

From Walter H. Schottky, German physicist.

(physics) A variation in the heat capacity of a solid at low temperatures which arises from the thermal population of discrete energy levels as the temperature is raised


azeotrope

From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “no”) + ζέειν (zéein, “to boil”) + τρόπος (trópos, “state”).

The formation of azeotropes due to deviations from Raoult's law was discussed in Section 1.3. An azeotrope is a mixture that, at a given pressure (the azeotropic pressure), boils at a constant temperature (the azeotropic temperature), and has the same composition (the azeotropic composition) in the equilibrium vapor and liquid phases. Homogeneous azeotropes are those that form one liquid phase at equilibrium with the vapor; heterogeneous azeotropes are those that form two liquid phases at equilibrium with each other and the vapor.

1999, Fouad M. Khoury, Predicting the Performance of Multistage Separation Processes, 2nd edition, page 289:

When a ternary azeotrope does exist, the curves intersect at the same point.
The presence of a unitary azeotrope curve is not a prerequisite for the generation of a ternary azeotrope.

1999, Cornel Hagiopol, Copolymerization: Toward a Systematic Approach, page 118:

As the boiling point of HCl–H₂O azeotrope is lower than that of azeotrope (HNO₃–H₂O), hydrochloric acid can be eliminated efficiently by successive evaporations with nitric acid.

2006, Marc Pansu, Jacques Gautheyrou, Handbook of Soil Analysis: Mineralogical, Organic and Inorganic Methods, page 903:

(physics) A mixture of two or more substances whose liquid and gaseous forms have the same composition (at a certain pressure); the substances cannot be separated by normal distillation.

atseotrooppinen seos

mixture of two substances non-separable by normal distillation


Schottky barrier

Schottky barrier (plural Schottky barriers)

(physics) A metal-semiconductor junction which functions as a rectifier.


heat capacity

500 J introduced to a system caused the temperature of the system to increase by 2 K; thus, the heat capacity is 250 J/K. If the system consists of a single material with a mass of 500 g, the specific heat capacity of that material is 500 J/K/kg.

(physics) The capability of a system to absorb heat energy; the amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a system by one temperature unit without any change of phase.

capacitat calorífica

the capability of a substance to absorb heat energy


Schottky diode

(physics) A metal-semiconductor diode that exhibits a nonlinear voltage/current relationship


axion

Coined by American physicist Frank Wilczek in 1978 after Axion, a brand of laundry detergent, for its -on suffix and the notion that the new particle could "clean up" a problem in physics.

coin

2000 Summer/Fall, John Clarke, Superconductivity: A Macroscopic Quantum Phenomenon, Rene Donaldson, Bill Kirk (editors), Beam Line, Volume 30, Number 2, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, page 47,
The axion is a candidate particle for the cold dark matter that constitutes a large fraction of the mass of the Universe.

In summary, the first version of gravity-mediated supersymmetry breaking has the advantage of giving an axion mass that is within cosmological bounds, while the second version has the advantage of giving the gauginos masses that are comparable to the masses of the squarks and sleptons.

2000, Steven Weinberg, The Quantum Theory of Fields, volume 3, Supersymmetry, page 375:

Let us begin with a disclaimer: axions, a, have been conjectured to exist on theoretical grounds, but have not as yet been observed. They are supposed to be very light particles that interact very weakly with matter.

2013, Adrian C. Melissinos, Reminiscences: A Journey Through Particle Physics, page 93:

Theoretical considerations appear to indicate that the axion mass should be somewhere between the microelectron volt and millielectron volt range.

2015, Paul Seidel, editor, Applied Superconductivity: Handbook on Devices and Applications, page 857:

strong nuclear force
strong nuclear force

(physics) A hypothetical subatomic particle postulated to resolve certain symmetry problems concerning the strong nuclear force.


Schrödinger's wave equation

en-noun

Schrödinger's wave equation (uncountable)

After Erwin Schrödinger, Austrian physicist.

partial differential equation
partial differential equation

(physics) A three-dimensional partial differential equation which determines the evolution of a quantum mechanical wave function


second sound

(physics) A wave of fluctuating temperature or entropy propagated in the superfluid phase of liquid helium.


Schuler pendulum

Schuler pendulum (plural Schuler pendulums)

(physics) Any pendulum having a period equal to that of a hypothetical pendulum whose length is equal to the Earth's radius (84.4 minutes); its arm will remain locally vertical when the pivot is moved and is therefore the basis of navigational instruments


secondary emission

secondary emission (plural secondary emissions)

(physics) The emission of electrons from the surface of a solid when bombarded with electrons or other charged particles


secondary ion mass spectrometry

secondary ion mass spectrometry (uncountable)

(physics) A technique used to visualize the three-dimensional structure of solids by employing an energetic ion beam to fragment the atomic or molecular constituents from a surface


scintillation counter

scintillation counter (plural scintillation counters)

(physics) A detector of particles and ionizing radiation which uses a photomultiplier to generate flashes of light


magnetic circuit

magnetic circuit (plural magnetic circuits)

(electromagnetism) A closed path of magnetic flux.


mache

From German Mache, surname of Heinrich Mache.

(dated) A former unit of volumic radioactivity: the quantity of radon (ignoring its daughters) per litre of air which ionizes a sustained current of 0.001 esu.


magnetic compass

magnetic compass (plural magnetic compasses)

A supposed organ, in some animals, that allows then to align themselves with the Earth's magnetic field.


selection rule

(physics) Any of several general rules concerning the transitions between the states of a quantum mechanical system; they derive from the symmetry properties of the states and of their interactions


electrooptics

(physics) The study of the effects of an electric field on the optical properties of a material


heterostructure

The electronic properties of contacts between two semiconductors or, as they are commonly called, semiconductor heterostructures are determined by the lineup of their band structures across the interface and the existence of space-charge layers.

2013, Winfried Mönch, Electronic Properties of Semiconductor Interfaces, page 109:

(physics) Any structure made from a heterojunction.


exoergic

en-adj

exoergic (comparative more exoergic, superlative most exoergic)

more exoergic (comparative)
most exoergic (superlative)

(physics, chemistry) Occurring with the release of energy.


endoergic

(physics and chemistry) Occurring with the absorption of energy; endothermic.


exoenzyme

(biochemistry) Any enzyme, generated by a cell, that functions outside of that cell.


endoenzyme

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that functions within the cell in which it was generated.


exopeptidase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes which catalyze the removal of a single amino acid from the end of a polypeptide chain


exonuclease

(biochemistry, genetics) Any of a group of enzymes which cleave single nucleotides from the end of a polynucleotide (DNA or RNA) chain.


endopeptidase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes, such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin and elastase, which catalyze the splitting of polypeptide chains away from the ends


geostationary

The measurement is accomplished by observing the Faraday rotation angle of signals from geostationary satellites on a continuous basis.

1971, Thomas A. Croft, Measurement of a Solar Wind Plasma Stream which Endures Several Months But is Intermittent on a Time Scale of about One Day:

At a fixed distance in three dimensions relative to a particular point on the Earth's surface; generally only possible with orbital satellites.


single crystal

A material formed from by the growth of a crystal nucleus without secondary nucleation or impingement on other crystals; a regular three-dimensional structure extends throughout the material


endonuclease

(biochemistry) Any enzyme which catalyzes the cleavage of nucleic acids so as to produce variously sized fragments.


collimator

(physics) An optical device that generates a parallel beam of light. Often used to compensate for laser beam divergence.

(physics) A similar device that produces a parallel beam of particles such as neutrons.


solid-state

(physics) Having or relating to the physical properties of solid materials, especially electromagnetic, thermodynamic or structural properties of crystalline solids.

твърдо състояние

having or relating to physical properties of a solid


Geneva mechanism

en-noun

Geneva mechanism (plural Geneva mechanisms)

So called from Geneva in Switzerland, an important center of watchmaking.

(mechanics) A mechanism that translates a continuous rotation into an intermittent rotary motion, using an intermittent gear where the drive wheel has a pin that reaches into a slot of the driven wheel and thereby advances it by one step, and having a raised circular blocking disc that locks the driven wheel in position between steps.


sonic boom

(physics, aerodynamics) The audible effect of a shock wave in the air, especially one caused by an aircraft flying faster than the speed of sound.

صَوْت عَالٍ

the audible effect of a shock wave in the air


photo echo

(physics) A form of resonance sometimes observed as a coherent pulse of light after two similar pulses have traversed a medium.


photoabsorption

(physics) A situation in which all of the energy of a photon is transferred to an atom or molecule


photocatalyst

(chemistry) A substance that absorbs light and, in doing so, catalyzes a reaction.

photocatalyseur

substance that absorbs light and catalyzes a reaction


photocatalysis

(chemistry) catalysis by a photocatalyst

photocatalyse

Chemistry: Catalysis by a photocatalyst.


photocathode

(physics) A cathode that emits electrons when exposed to light.

fótacatóid

physics: a cathode that emits electrons when exposed to light


photoelectric cell

photoelectric cell (plural photoelectric cells)

A transducer that generates an electric current proportional to the light intensity.


photochemical smog

photochemical smog (countable and uncountable, plural photochemical smogs)

photochemical reaction
photochemical reaction

Air pollution caused by photochemical reactions involving hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and other pollutants, especially in still air over cities.


photochromism

photochromism (countable and uncountable, plural photochromisms)

electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation

The reversible transformation of the optical properties of a material when exposed to electromagnetic radiation, especially the reversible darkening of a plastic lens when exposed to sunlight.

fótacrómachas

the reversible transformation of the optical properties of a material when exposed to electromagnetic radiation


photochromic

en-adj

photochromic (comparative more photochromic, superlative most photochromic)

more photochromic (comparative)
most photochromic (superlative)

Of, related to, or produced by photochromism

Relating to the part of a molecule responsible for its photochromism


photochemistry

en-noun

photochemistry (usually uncountable, plural photochemistries)

(chemistry) The study of photochemical reactions.


photochemical reaction

photochemical reaction (plural photochemical reactions)

(chemistry) Any chemical reaction initiated by the absorption of electromagnetic radiation to form an excited state


photochemical

(chemistry) Of, relating to, or produced by photochemistry or by photochemical reactions


photocurrent

Any electric current that flows as a result of photoconductivity or the photovoltaic effect


photodetachment

photodetachment (countable and uncountable, plural photodetachments)

(chemistry, physics) The absorption of a photon and subsequent elimination of an electron from an anion to form a neutral species.


photodissociation

photodissociation (countable and uncountable, plural photodissociations)

(chemistry) The dissociation of a molecule following the absorption of a photon


photoelectret

(physics) An electret produced when a source of illumination is removed from a photoconductor in an electric field


photoelectromagnetic effect

photoelectromagnetic effect (plural photoelectromagnetic effects)

(physics) The generation of an electric current in an intermetallic semiconductor in a magnetic field by the action of light.


optoisolator

/ˌɒptəʊˈaɪsəleɪtə/

A device that transmits a signal optically between two isolated electronic circuits


photoelectromagnetic

photoelectromagnetic effect
photoelectromagnetic effect

(physics) of or relating to the photoelectromagnetic effect


photoelectrolysis

(physics, chemistry) The use of electromagnetic radiation to effect, or to enhance, electrolysis


photoelectron

photoelectric effect
photoelectric effect

(physics) An electron ejected from the surface of a material by the photoelectric effect.


isochore

From iso- + Ancient Greek χώρα (khṓra, “place”).

An isochore is a curve on a PVT diagram, the pressure and temperature being variable, the volume invariable.

1916, William Cudmore McCullagh Lewis, A System of physical chemistry, volume 1, page 92:

Thus, an isochore transformation in this case is a transformation at constant volume.

1956, Enrico Fermi, Thermodynamics, page 7:

1.3 shows the specific heat of argon measured along the critical isochore.

1992, J M Yeomans, Statistical Mechanics of Phase Transitions, page 2:

(physics) A line drawn on a graph showing the variation of the pressure of a constant volume of gas as it varies with temperature.


photodisintegration

(nuclear physics) Any nuclear reaction, especially a nuclear fission, initiated by absorption of high-energy electromagnetic radiation such as a gamma ray.

photodésintégration

physics: any nuclear reaction initiated by absorption of high-energy electromagnetic radiation


photodichroism

(physics) photoinduced dichroism or birefringence


photoelectric effect

photoelectric effect (plural photoelectric effects)

(physics) The emission of electrons from the surface of a material following the absorption of electromagnetic radiation.


photoferroelectric

(physics) Of, or relating to the effect of light on ferroelectric materials.


photofission

photofission (usually uncountable, plural photofissions)

(nuclear physics) Nuclear fission as the result of the absorption of a gamma ray or other high-energy photon.


photofission

en-verb

photofission (third-person singular simple present photofissions, present participle photofissioning, simple past and past participle photofissioned)

photofissions (present singular third-person)
photofissioning (participle present)
photofissioned (participle past)
photofissioned (past)

(nuclear physics) To undergo, or cause to undergo, photofission.


photoconductivity

en-noun

photoconductivity (countable and uncountable, plural photoconductivities)

(physics) The increase in the electrical conductivity of a material as a result of incident electromagnetic radiation.

фотопроводимост

an increase in the electrical conductivity of a material as a result of incident electromagnetic radiation


photomagnetoelectric

(physics) of, or relating to the generation of an electric current by an illuminated semiconductor in a magnetic field


photolytic

en-adj

photolytic (comparative more photolytic, superlative most photolytic)

more photolytic (comparative)
most photolytic (superlative)


photolyase

en-noun

photolyase (countable and uncountable, plural photolyases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that repairs DNA that has been damaged by light.

fótaláis

an enzyme that repairs DNA that has been damaged by light


ferroelectric

(physics) of, or relating to the permanent electrical polarization of a crystalline dielectric in an electric field


photoneutrino

(physics) A neutrino that is produced (along with an antineutrino) when a high-energy photon collides with an electron


photoneutron

photonuclear reaction
photonuclear reaction

(physics) Any neutron produced by a photonuclear reaction


photonuclear reaction

photonuclear reaction (plural photonuclear reactions)

(physics) Any nuclear reaction involving a photon and another subatomic particle


photoluminescence

photoluminescence (countable and uncountable, plural photoluminescences)

(physics) luminescence following the absorption of a photon.


photomultiplier

(physics) A device, normally in the form of a tube, that uses a photocathode to convert photons into photoelectrons which are then amplified


photonuclear

(physics) Of or relating to any nuclear reaction involving a photon.

fotonuclear

of or relating to a nuclear reaction involving a photon


photomagnetic

en-adj

photomagnetic (comparative more photomagnetic, superlative most photomagnetic)

more photomagnetic (comparative)
most photomagnetic (superlative)

magnetic susceptibility
magnetic susceptibility

(physics) of, or relating to the effect of light on the magnetic susceptibility of some materials, especially to the paramagnetism exhibited by some phosphorescent materials

(physics) of, or relating to the photodisintegration that results from the magnetic component of light


photolysis

From Ancient Greek φωτ- (phōt-), root of φῶς (phôs, “light”) + λύσις (lúsis, “decomposition”). By surface analysis, photo- + -lysis.

(chemistry) Any chemical reaction in which a compound is decomposed after absorbing a photon


photometry

en-noun

photometry (usually uncountable, plural photometries)

(physics) The measurement of various aspects of light, especially its intensity.

fótaiméadracht

physics: the measurement of various aspects of light, especially its intensity


electron microscope

electron microscope (plural electron microscopes)

Any of several forms of microscope that use a beam of electrons, rather than one of light, and thus has a much greater resolving power.

microscopiu electrónicu

any of several forms of microscope that use a beam of electrons

monochromated scanning transmission electron microscope


criticality

criticality (countable and uncountable, plural criticalities)

(physics) The point at which a nuclear chain reaction becomes self-sustaining.


photooxidation

(physics, chemistry) The loss of an electron from a photoexcited species


photoexcited

(chemistry, physics) (of an atom, molecule or ion) excited due to photoexcitation


photophosphorylase

(biochemistry) An enzyme that is involved in the photosynthetic phosphorylation of ATP.


photoproton

(physics) Any proton produced in a photonuclear reaction


photoreduction

(physics, chemistry) The addition of an electron to a photoexcited species


photorefractive

(physics) of or relating to a change in refractive index in the presence of light


photovisual

(optics) Of certain achromatic lenses, having the same focus for the actinic and for the brightest of the visual rays.


MMO

methane monooxygenase
methane monooxygenase#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of methane monooxygenase.. See Methane monooxygenase.


actinometer

(physics) A device used to measure the heating power of electromagnetic radiation, especially that of solar radiation.


vernier

Borrowed from French vernier. From Pierre Vernier, the inventor.

(physics) A secondary system of force application for the attitude control of a spacecraft; for example a vernier thruster.


photometer

/ˈfəʊtəʊˌmiːtə(ɹ)/

(physics) Any of several instruments used to measure various aspects of the intensity of light.


electric chair

The current path in an electric chair is from a scalp electrode to a calf electrode. The current is therefore passing the brain and the brain stem, the lung and the heart. It is believed that the person becomes unconscious immediately after current onset, but it is well known that death is not immediate. The electric chair was used for the first time in 1890, and the first jolt was with 1400 V 60 Hz applied for 17 seconds, which proved insufficient.

2000, Sverre Grimnes, Ørjan Grøttem Martinsen, Bioimpedance and Bioelectricity Basics, →ISBN, page 309:

The electric chair has always been linked to Sing Sing.

2003, Guy Cheli, Sing Sing Prison, →ISBN:

The Death House was Trenton State Prison's official name for the brick and concrete vault where condemned men lived in tiny cells and an electric chair stood hard against a nearby wall.

2013, James S. Hirsch, Hurricane: The Miraculous Journey of Rubin Carter, →ISBN, page 1:

A chair-like device used for performing execution by electrocution.


fluid dynamics

fluid dynamics (usually uncountable, plural fluid dynamics)

(physics) The scientific study of the properties and behavior of moving fluids.


air resistance

air resistance (usually uncountable, plural air resistances)

(physics) The action of friction that slows something moving through air; drag.

lugweerstand

friction that slows things moving through air


Newton's second law

directly proportional
directly proportional

(mechanics) Newton's observation that the rate of change of the momentum of a body is directly proportional to, and in the same direction as, the net force acting on it. Often stated as F = ma: F = force, m = mass, a = acceleration.


bolometer

Coined in 1878 by Samuel Pierpont Langley from Ancient Greek βολή (bolḗ, “a strike, a throw”) + -meter.

af

(physics) A sensitive device for detecting and measuring the energy of electromagnetic radiation.

bolòmetre

a device for measuring the energy of electromagnetic radiation


calorimeter

kă'lərĭʹmĭtə

/ˌkæləˈɹɪmɪtɚ/

From Latin calor (“warmth, heat”) + -meter.

(physics) An apparatus for measuring the heat generated or absorbed by either a chemical reaction, change of phase or some other physical change.


light cone

This gives the future light cone of the event. Similarly, you can define the past light cone—as the history of a spherical shell of light converging in on the event. All these spatial spheres, past and future, represent cross-sections through the space–time light cone, […]

1998, Hermann Bondi, Miranda Weston-Smith, editors, The Universe Unfolding, Clarendon Press, page 384:

(relativity) In special relativity, the pattern describing the temporal evolution of a flash of light in Minkowski spacetime. This is modeled in 3-space using the two horizontal axes as spatial dimensions, while the vertical axis is time.


ammeter

The controllers of these diesels do not move round in notches, so that the driver's only sure guide to the way in which he is working his locomotive is his ammeter, corresponding in a way to the steam-chest pressure gauge of a steam locomotive. When the diesel was being worked full out, the ammeter normally showed about 1,500-1,600 amps, with occasional surges of current at starting or up the steepest gradients to 1,700 or even 1,800 amps.

1959 March, Cecil J. Allen, “Locomotive Running Past and Present”, in Trains Illustrated, pages 131–132:

A device that measures the magnitude of an electric current, especially one calibrated in amperes.

ampèremeter

device that measures an electric current

மின்னோட்டமானி

miṉṉōṭṭamāṉi


gravimeter

(physics) An instrument used to measure local variations in the gravitational field.


fluorescence

en-noun

fluorescence (countable and uncountable, plural fluorescences)

Coined 1852 by physicist George Stokes from fluorspar + -escence.
Morphologically fluoresce + -ence.

(physics) The emission of light (or other electromagnetic radiation) by a material when stimulated by the absorption of radiation or of a subatomic particle.


eigenstate

Otherwise, in the case of pure physisorption, adatoms and very small adclusters would not be observed with the STM because the probability for the sharp eigenstates of the adparticles to lie within the 10 meV energy window ( given by the bias voltage ) would be considerably small.

In all quantum theories, basis vectors (which are typically eigenstates) are abstractions of the unit basis vectors along the 3D axes. A general state is a vector sum of certain amounts of each basis vector state.

2013, Robert D. Klauber, Student Friendly Quantum Field Theory, 2nd edition, Fairfield, IA: Sandtrove Press, published 2018, →ISBN, §3.11.4, page 68:

(physics) A dynamic quantum mechanical state whose wave function is an eigenvector that corresponds to a physical quantity


pycnometer

From Ancient Greek πυκνός (puknós, “dense”) and μέτρον (métron, “measure”). By surface analysis, pycno- + -meter.

As Galileo showed in his tract La Bilancetta, or “The Little Balance,” a scientist of Archimedes’ stature could have achieved a far more precise result using his own law of buoyancy and an accurate scale, something far more common in the ancient world than a very precise pycnometer, which is used to measure displacement.

2006 December 8, David Biello, “Fact or Fiction?: Archimedes Coined the Term ‘Eureka!’ in the Bath”, in Scientific American:

specific gravity
specific gravity#English

(physics, metrology) A vessel of precisely known volume used by weighing to determine the specific gravity or relative density of a liquid.

pycnomètre

vessel used to determine a liquid’s specific gravity


Newton's first law

(mechanics) The observation that objects in motion tend to stay in motion, and objects at rest tend to stay at rest unless an outside force acts upon them.


refractometer

(physics) An optical instrument used to measure the refractive index of a substance.


osmotic pressure

osmotic pressure (countable and uncountable, plural osmotic pressures)

(physical chemistry) The hydrostatic pressure exerted by a solution across a semipermeable membrane from a pure solvent; the pressure needed to counteract osmosis.


spherometer

More precisely, a spherometer directly measures a sagitta (distance between a point and a chord), allowing the radius of curvature to be calculated.

(optics) A device used to measure the curvature of a surface, such as a lens.


spectrophotometer

(physics) An instrument used to measure the intensity of electromagnetic radiation at different wavelengths.


Newton's third law

(mechanics) Newton's observation that to every action (force applied) there is an equal and opposite reaction (equal force applied in the opposite direction)


mechanical energy

mechanical energy (plural mechanical energies)

(physics) The sum of the potential energy and kinetic energy of a body or system


viscometer

(physics) An instrument used to measure the viscosity of a liquid.


nuclease

(biochemistry) Any of several enzymes capable of cleaving the phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotide subunits of nucleic acids.

核酸酶

any of several enzymes capable of cleaving the phosphodiester


alternator

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) An electric generator which produces alternating current through mechanical means.

alternadore

an electric generator which produces alternating current


resinous

en-adj

resinous (comparative more resinous, superlative most resinous)

more resinous (comparative)
most resinous (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French résineux; cf. Latin resinosus. By surface analysis, resin + -ous.

(physics, dated) Negative (of electric charge).


drift space

The space in an electron tube in which there is no modulated field


exceptional space

en-noun

exceptional space (plural exceptional spaces)

(mathematics, physics) A space in which a generalization of quantum mechanics is described in terms of a system with a finite number of degrees of freedom


interstellar space

interstellar space (countable and uncountable, plural interstellar spaces)


inertial space

(mathematics, physics) A coordinate system (or a frame of reference) defined with respect to the distant stars, whose relative positions do not change over reasonably long periods of time


deep space

Coined by American science fiction author E. E. Smith in 1934 in his novel Triplanetary, first serialized in Amazing Stories. After deep sea.

coin

Part of the time he spent in the speedster dashing hither and yon. Most of it, however, he spent in the vastly more comfortable mauler; to the armored side of which his tiny vessel clung with magnetic clamps while he slept and ate, gossiped and read, exercised and played with the mauler's officers and crew, in deep-space comradery.

1937 December, E. E. "Doc" Smith, “Galactic Patrol”, in Astounding Science-Fiction, volume 20, number 4, page 73:

All of space beyond the gravitational influence of Earth, or outside the Solar System, or distant from stars


space charge

(electricity) The localized excess electric charge in a specific volume; especially such a negative charge


space factor

(in an electromagnetic coil) The ratio of the volume occupied by the wire in the winding, or the iron in the core, to the total volume of the winding or the core


space environment

en-noun

space environment (plural space environments)

The environment encountered by living creatures (and vehicles) in space; especially a lack of atmosphere and gravity


space permeability

(electromagnetism) The ratio of magnetic induction to magnetizing force in a vacuum


space quantization

space quantization (plural space quantizations)

(physics) The quantization of one or more components of the angular momentum of a system


space quadrature

space quadrature (plural space quadratures)

(physics) A difference of a quarter of a wavelength between the spatial positions of two corresponding points in a wave


space reddening

space reddening (plural space reddenings)

(astronomy, astrophysics) The reddening of the light from distant stars because of selective absorption and scattering by interstellar dust


spacelike

(physics, of the interval between two events in spacetime) lying outside each other's light cone, so that no information can pass from one to the other

raumartig

(mathematics, of a four-vector) having a space component of greater magnitude than its time component multiplied by the speed of light


space power system

space power system (plural space power systems)

Any assemblage of equipment used to generate, store and distribute electrical power on board a satellite or spacecraft


space sickness

motion sickness caused by the weightlessness of space flight


space cloth

(engineering) A partially conductive cloth or sheet, especially one whose resistance matches the impedance of free space (377 ohms per square).


crystal lattice

crystal lattice (plural crystal lattices)

(crystallography) A regular three-dimensional geometric arrangement of atoms, molecules or ions in a crystal


space velocity

space velocity (plural space velocities)

(astronomy) The velocity of a star relative to the Sun


space wave

electromagnetic wave
electromagnetic wave

(physics) The component of an electromagnetic wave (especially a radio wave) that travels directly from transmitter to receiver without being reflected


compressibility

compressibility (countable and uncountable, plural compressibilities)

(thermodynamics) The product of pressure and molar volume divided by the product of the gas constant and the absolute temperature.


electron wave function

electron wave function (plural electron wave functions)

(physics) A function of the position and spin of an electron; related to the probability of finding the electron in a specified position


dissipation function

dissipation function (plural dissipation functions)

(physics) The function governing the rate at which mechanical energy is converted to heat during viscous flow.


excitation function

excitation function (plural excitation functions)

(physics) The relationship between the energy of an electron and its ability to excite an atom to a particular excited state


LCAO

linear combination of atomic orbitals#English

(physics, chemistry) Initialism of linear combination of atomic orbitals.


implicant

(electrical engineering) On a Karnaugh map: a set of ones (whose quantity is a power of two) which are related by adjacency (i.e., the set is connected, if the Karnaugh map is considered to be a graph which "wraps around" its edges, like a torus; and all elements of the subgraph induced by the set have the same degree). Equivalently, in terms of Boolean algebra, a product term which, when true, always implies that the given Boolean function is true.


hybrid wave function

hybrid wave function (plural hybrid wave functions)

(physics) An approximation to a wave function made by taking a linear combination of simpler functions


heat death

heat death (countable and uncountable, plural heat deaths)

(physics) The state of a thermodynamic system having reached a maximum entropy; temperature is uniform throughout, and no energy is available to do work.


APG

Austrian Power Grid
w:de:Austrian Power Grid

(electricity) Abbreviation of Austrian Power Grid.


bipolar

en-adj

bipolar (comparative more bipolar, superlative most bipolar)

more bipolar (comparative)
most bipolar (superlative)


kinematic

We have unfortunately no kinematic records, but it is not impossible or very difficult to imagine the various gestures and movements which might be considered appropriate to such a rite in different localities or among different peoples.

1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 167:

The Cognitive function in Humans results from our extremely complex kinematic capabilities. Grasping for objects, bending down and up, or sitting down on objects are examples of kinematic capabilities[…]

2003, Frank Kirchner, Takamasa Koshizen, Dirk Spinneberg, “Cognitive Human Robots Based on Complex Kinematic Features”, in Knowledge-based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems: 7th International Conference Proceedings Part II, page 584:

(physics) Of or relating to motion or to kinematics.

կինեմատիկ

of or relating to motion or to kinematics


luminosity function

(physics) A standard measure of the response of the human eye to light of different wavelengths


nuclear response function

en-noun

nuclear response function (plural nuclear response functions)

(physics) A relationship that describes the probability of a particle that collides with another being scattered in any particular manner


psi function

Schrödinger wave function
Schrödinger wave function


radial distribution function

radial distribution function (plural radial distribution functions)

(mathematics, physics) A function which specifies the average density of atoms, molecules etc in three dimensions from a given point.


scattering function

scattering function (plural scattering functions)

(physics) A function which describes the intensity of scattered radiation in any given direction


Schrödinger wave function

Schrödinger wave function (plural Schrödinger wave functions)

From Erwin Schrödinger, Austrian physicist.

Schrödinger's wave equation
Schrödinger's wave equation

(physics) A function which is a solution of Schrödinger's wave equation; the psi function


work function

(physics) The minimum energy needed to remove an electron from the surface of a material


spintronics

Blend of spin + electronics, or from spin transport electronics.

(physics) The storage and transfer of information using the spin state of electrons as well as their charge.

spintroniikka

type of information storage and handling


enthalpy of vaporization

enthalpy of vaporization (countable and uncountable, plural enthalpies of vaporization)

(physics) The amount of energy required to change 1 gram of liquid to gas at its boiling point.


supergravity

supergravity (countable and uncountable, plural supergravities)

(quantum mechanics, relativity) A field theory combining supersymmetry and general relativity.

quantum mechanics; relativity; quantum mechanics; relativity


M-theory

(physics) A generalized theory of eleven-dimensional supergravity that attempts to unify the five superstring theories

ْنَظَرِيَّة-إَم

theory that unifies the five superstring theories


superstring

From super- + string. In physics sense: Back-formation from superstring theory, which is a shorthand for supersymmetric string theory.

(physics) a hypothetical object consisting of a very small one-dimensional string that vibrates in ten (or more) dimensions


supersymmetry

supersymmetry (usually uncountable, plural supersymmetries)

From super- + symmetry. In the modern physics sense, coined by Pakistani physicist Abdus Salam and American physicist John Strathdee in 1974 as super-symmetry, in a paper in Physics Letters B as a simplification of super-gauge symmetry used by Julius Wess and Bruno Zumino.

coin

We suggest therefore that the expression "super-symmetry" might be more appropriate for the global concept and reserve the word "gauge" for local symmetries.

1974, A Salam, “Super-symmetry and non-Abelian gauges”, in Physics Letters B:

Supersymmetry is the concept that known particles – such as electrons, quarks and photons – have a heavier and as-yet-undetected "superpartner".

2013 November 22, Alok Jha, “Stephen Hawking: physics would be 'more interesting' if Higgs boson hadn't been found”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 24, page 32:

(physics) A theory that attempts to unify the fundamental physical forces and which proposes a physical symmetry between bosons and fermions.


average atomic mass

en-noun

average atomic mass (countable and uncountable, plural average atomic masses)

The weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element.


glistening

(optics) A fluid-filled microvacuole within a lens.


anechoic

en-adj

anechoic (comparative more anechoic, superlative most anechoic)

more anechoic (comparative)
most anechoic (superlative)

ănˌ-ĕ-kōˈ -ĭk

From an- + echoic, from echo + -ic, from Middle English ecco, ekko, from Medieval Latin ecco, from Latin echo, from Ancient Greek ἠχώ (ēkhṓ), from ἠχή (ēkhḗ, “sound”).

The bassoonist settled into the anechoic chamber and prepared for another grueling recording session.

(acoustics) Lacking echoes; particularly, designed to absorb sound.


fulgurant

fulgurant (comparative more fulgurant, superlative most fulgurant)

more fulgurant (comparative)
most fulgurant (superlative)

Resembling a lightning flash; fulgurous.


coagulase

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that induces coagulation

(biochemistry) Specifically, the enzyme produced by various Staphylococcus species that converts fibrinogen to fibrin


hybridize

en-verb

hybridize (third-person singular simple present hybridizes, present participle hybridizing, simple past and past participle hybridized)

hybridizes (present singular third-person)
hybridizing (participle present)
hybridized (participle past)
hybridized (past)

(physics) To combine atomic orbitals mathematically to form hybrid orbitals.


hybrid orbital

(physics) An orbital formed by the combination of multiple atomic orbitals on the same atom


hydrometry

A thorough understanding of the hydrometry and meteorology of the South is a long-term goal, and immediate steps must be taken to achieve it.

2007, Benaiah Yongo-Bure, Economic Development of Southern Sudan, page 90:

(physics) The branch of hydrostatics dealing with the measurement of specific gravity using hydrometers


gyrator

(physics) An electric circuit that introduces a phase shift of 180° in one direction, but none in the opposite direction


aeromechanics

(physics) The branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of gases; it comprises aerostatics and aerodynamics


carbonation

en-noun

carbonation (countable and uncountable, plural carbonations)

Coordinate term: recarbonation

Soda pop is basically sugar water with a little bit of flavoring and added carbonation.

(physical chemistry) The state of having carbon dioxide gas dissolved in a liquid; the act or process of creating that state.


carbon-date

en-verb

carbon-date (third-person singular simple present carbon-dates, present participle carbon-dating, simple past and past participle carbon-dated)

carbon-dates (present singular third-person)
carbon-dating (participle present)
carbon-dated (participle past)
carbon-dated (past)

After carbon-dating the artifact, the archaeologist determined that it was of late bronze age manufacture.

(transitive) To gauge the age of (an organic material) by comparing the ratio of carbon isotopes.


Hubble

(space flight, optics) A space telescope or spy satellite with a design like the Hubble Space Telescope.


little green man

en-noun

little green man (plural little green men)

[ˌlɪ.ɾɫ̩ ˈɡɹɪ̃i̯m ˌmɛ̃ə̯n̆]

[ˌlɪ.t͡ʔɫ̩ ˈɡɹɪ̃i̯m ˌmãn̆]

[ˌlɘ.ɾɯ ˈɡɹɘ̯ĩm ˌmɛ̞̃n̆]

կանաչ մարդուկ

humorous: space alien, Martian — see also alien

(humorous) One of the supposed extraterrestrial occupants of UFOs.


initiator

(chemistry) A substance that initiates a chain reaction or polymerization.

käynnistäjä

chemistry: substance that initiates a chain reaction or polymerization

‘This, er, initiator of polonium and lithium, would it be used in an anti-personnel bomb?’ he asked. ‘Oh yes, you could say so, boyo,’ replied the Welshman. ‘An initiator, you see, is what sets off a nuke.’

1984, Frederick Forsyth, The Fourth Protocol, London: Hutchinson, →ISBN, page 301:

(military) A component of a nuclear weapon that produces a burst of neutrons to trigger a fission chain reaction.


flavorless

en-adj

flavorless (comparative more flavorless, superlative most flavorless)

more flavorless (comparative)
most flavorless (superlative)

On the other hand, Pauli had just proposed a massless, chargeless, colorless, flavorless particle whose sole reason for existence was to preserve the principle of momentum conservation.

2014, Mark A. Cunningham, Neoclassical Physics, page 241:


lactase

en-noun

lactase (countable and uncountable, plural lactases)

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) A β-galactosidase enzyme that is involved in the hydrolysis of the disaccharide lactose into constituent galactose and glucose monomers.


plasmaron

Plasmarons have been observed in graphene and in elemental bismuth.

(physics) A quasiparticle arising in a system that has strong plasmon-electron interactions.


lambert

From Lambert; Named for Johann Heinrich Lambert (1728–1777), a Swiss mathematician, physicist and astronomer.

(physics, astronomy) a cgs unit of luminance; the brightness of a surface that emits one lumen per square centimetre

en:Johann Heinrich Lambert
en:Lambert (unit)


telomerase

(biochemistry, genetics) An enzyme in eukaryotic cells that adds a specific sequence of DNA to the telomeres of chromosomes after they divide; gives the chromosomes stability over time.


mutase

(biochemistry) An isomerase that catalyzes the shifting of a functional group from one position to another within the same molecule


specific charge

specific charge (plural specific charges)

(physics) The ratio of the electric charge to the mass of a particle


specific impulse

specific impulse (plural specific impulses)

The ratio of the thrust produced by a rocket or other jet engine to the rate of use of propellant.


spark gap

A gap, between two electrical terminals, across which sparks are generated.


speckle

speckle (countable and uncountable, plural speckles)

The noun is from Middle Dutch spekkel; the verb was later coined from the noun, in the late 16th century.

(physics) The random distribution of light when it is scattered by a rough surface.

разсеяна светлина

physics: random distribution of scattered light


electroplating

Near-synonym: electrodeposition

A process of coating the surfaces of a metal object with a layer of a different metal through electrochemical means, usually to exploit different properties of the materials.


electroplate

electroplate (countable and uncountable, plural electroplates)

The layer of metal deposited in the course of electroplating.


elastase

elastase (countable and uncountable, plural elastases)

An endopeptidase enzyme involved in the breakdown of elastin.


chymotrypsin

chymotrypsin (countable and uncountable, plural chymotrypsins)

(biochemistry) An endopeptidase enzyme that cleaves peptides at the carboxyl side of tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine amino acids.


catalyse

en-verb

catalyse (third-person singular simple present catalyses, present participle catalysing, simple past and past participle catalysed)

catalyses (present singular third-person)
catalysing (participle present)
catalysed (participle past)
catalysed (past)

(chemistry) (chiefly British spelling) Alternative spelling of catalyze


catalase

en-noun

catalase (countable and uncountable, plural catalases)

An enzyme found in the liver that catalyses the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.

过氧化氢酶 (guòyǎnghuàqīng méi, literally “hydrogen peroxide enzyme”)


subshell

(chemistry, physics) Atomic orbitals for which the values of the n and l quantum numbers are the same, such as the three 2p or five 3d atomic orbitals.

alikuori

atomic orbitals for which the values of the n and l quantum numbers are the same


moment of inertia

moment of inertia (plural moments of inertia)

The moment of inertia of a rigid body is a quantity that determines the torque needed for a given angular acceleration about a given rotational axis, analogous to how mass determines the force needed for a given acceleration.

The moments of inertia of a heterogeneous body whose boundary is a surface of uniform density may sometimes be found by the method of differentiation.

1882, Edward John Routh, The Elementary Part of a Treatise on the Dynamics of a System of Rigid Bodies, 4th edition, MacMillan & Co., page 10:

Consequently, the moment of inertia of a body relative to any axis can be found when that for the parallel axis through its centre of gravity is known.

1884, Benjamin Williamson, An Elementary Treatise on the Integral Calculus, 4th edition, Appleton and Company, page 292:

(physics, classical mechanics) A measure of a rigid body's resistance to change in its angular velocity around a given axis.

moment setrvačnosti

measure of resistance to change in angular velocity


lipase

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes which catalyses the hydrolysis of lipids.


reductase

disulfide reduction by glutathione is a three-step process, the last of which is catalyzed by glutathione reductase

2008, Louis J. Casarett, Curtis D. Klaassen, Casarett and Doull's toxicology: the basic science of poisons, McGraw-Hill Professional, page 187:

(biochemistry) An enzyme that chemically reduces its substrate.


catechol oxidase

(biochemistry) An enzyme, similar to tyrosinase, that catalyses the oxidation of phenols such as catechol.


diastase

From Ancient Greek διάστασις (diástasis, “separation”).

uder

(biochemistry) Any one of a group of enzymes which catalyse the breakdown of starch into maltose; mostly amylases (α-amylase and β-amylase).

diastaasi

enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of starch into maltose


peroxidase

(biochemistry) Any of a class of enzymes that act on substrates such as hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides such as lipid peroxides.


kinase

From Ancient Greek κινεῖν (kineîn, “to move”) + -ase, a suffix forming enzyme names.

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that transfer phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific target molecules (substrates), in a process termed phosphorylation.


fringing

en-noun

fringing (countable and uncountable, plural fringings)

(physics) Any anomalous electric or magnetic effect at the edges of a region.


excitable

en-adj

excitable (comparative more excitable, superlative most excitable)

more excitable (comparative)
most excitable (superlative)

(physics) Able to be promoted to an excited state


Faded Giant

(US, euphemistic, military) A reporting term to identify an event involving a nuclear reactor or radiological accident.


potentiality

en-noun

potentiality (countable and uncountable, plural potentialities)


wiggler

(physics) A magnet designed to make a beam of charged particles follow a curving path in an accelerator.


anticoincidence

(physics) The occurrence of one event without the simultaneous occurrence of another

anticoincidência

the occurrence of one event without the simultaneous occurrence of another


atomic force microscope

atomic force microscope (plural atomic force microscopes)

(physics) A device used to map the atomic structure of a surface by measuring the force acting on the very fine tip of a wire moved over the surface


antibonding

(physical chemistry) Describing an atomic or molecular orbital whose energy increases as its constituent atoms are brought closer together - thus generating a repulsive force that hinders bonding.


antibonding orbital

antibonding orbital (plural antibonding orbitals)

(physical chemistry) an atomic or molecular orbital whose energy increases as its constituent atoms are brought closer together - thus generating a repulsive force that hinders bonding

orbitale antiliante

an orbital whose energy increases as its constituent atoms are brought closer together


opacity

opacity (countable and uncountable, plural opacities)

From opaque + -ity, from French opacité, from Latin opacitas.

The opacity of a clean glass window is near zero.

(optics, countable) A measure of relative impenetrability to electromagnetic radiation such as light.


supermassive black hole

supermassive black hole (plural supermassive black holes)

(astronomy) Any black hole with a mass from 10⁵ to 10¹⁰ times that of the Sun.


ampere-hour

established 1880-85, from ampere + hour.

(physics) a unit of electric charge, equal to the charge transferred by a current of one ampere in one hour through a specified point in a circuit, equal to 3600 coulombs.


centrifuge

From French centrifuge, from Latin centrum (“center”) + fugiō (“to flee”). Equivalent to centri- + -fuge.

A device in which a mixture of denser and lighter materials (normally dispersed in a liquid) is separated by being spun about a central axis at high speed.

(figuratively) An apparatus in which humans are spun to simulate acceleration in an aircraft or spacecraft.

By extension, any device which rotates in order to produce artificial gravity (in the form of centrifugal force)


centrifuge

en-verb

centrifuge (third-person singular simple present centrifuges, present participle centrifuging, simple past and past participle centrifuged)

centrifuges (present singular third-person)
centrifuging (participle present)
centrifuged (participle past)
centrifuged (past)

To rotate something in a centrifuge, typically in order to separate its constituents.

使離心

to rotate something in a centrifuge in order to separate its constituents


Coulomb gauge

(mathematics, physics) A mathematical construct used in the theory of electromagnetic radiation.


diathermy

(physics, medicine) The generation of heat using high-frequency electromagnetic currents; especially the therapeutic production of heat in tissues in order to form coagulation


spin label

electron spin resonance
electron spin resonance

(physics, chemistry) An organic compound, containing an unpaired electron spin, that can be bonded to a molecule under investigation so as to be analysed using electron spin resonance spectroscopy


protonium

(physics) An exotic atom consisting of a proton bound to an antiproton.


spin glass

From an analogy between the magnetic disorder in a spin glass and the positional disorder of conventional glass.

(physics) Any material in which the atomic spins are oriented at disordered but fixed directions


unpaired electron

en-noun

unpaired electron (plural unpaired electrons)

(chemistry, physics) An electron, in an atomic orbital, for which there is no other electron in the same orbital but with opposite spin; a characteristic of free radicals and other reactive species


electron spin resonance

electron spin resonance (plural electron spin resonances)

(physics) The absorption of radiation by species having unpaired electrons when placed in a magnetic field that is used spectroscopically to detect and study free radicals


spin-density wave

spin-density wave (plural spin-density waves)

(physics) The low-energy, ground state of a metal in which densities of the electron spins and charges follow a regular spatial distribution


superconductivity

superconductivity (countable and uncountable, plural superconductivities)

superconductivity Wikiversity (canonical)
superconductivities (plural)

Currently, superconductivity can only be achieved at extremely low temperatures.

(physics) The property of a material whereby it has no resistance to the flow of an electric current.


statics

(physics) The branch of mechanics concerned with forces in static equilibrium


laser eye surgery

laser eye surgery (countable and uncountable, plural laser eye surgeries)

(optics) A procedure to correct the vision by reshaping the cornea using a laser.


stereospecific catalyst

stereospecific catalyst (plural stereospecific catalysts)

(physical chemistry) a catalyst that preferentially catalyzes the formation of one of a pair of stereoisomers, or one of a set of stereoisomeric polymers