vector

Learned borrowing from Latin vector (“carrier, transporter”), from vehō (“I carry, I transport, I bear”), also ultimately the root of English vehicle.
The “person or entity that passes along an urban legend or other meme” sense derives from the disease sense.
The mathematics sense was coined by Irish mathematician and astronomer William Rowan Hamilton in 1846.

lbor

Velocity is a vector defined by the speed of an object and its direction.

As examples of vector quantities may be mentioned the distance between any two given points, a velocity, a force, an acceleration, angular velocity, intensity of magnetization flux of heat.

(mathematics, physics) A directed quantity, one with both magnitude and direction; the signed difference between two points.


jet

Borrowed from French jet (“spurt”, literally “a throw”), from Old French get, giet, from Vulgar Latin *iectus, jectus, from Latin iactus (“a throwing, a throw”), from iacere (“to throw”). See abject, ejaculate, gist, jess, jut. Cognate with Spanish echar.

bor

(physics) A narrow cone of hadrons and other particles produced by the hadronization of a quark or gluon.


discharge

en-verb

discharge (third-person singular simple present discharges, present participle discharging, simple past and past participle discharged)

discharges (present singular third-person)
discharging (participle present)
discharged (participle past)
discharged (past)

/dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/

/ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ/

/dɪsˈtʃɑɹdʒ/

/ˈdɪstʃɑɹdʒ/

-ɪstʃɑː(ɹ)dʒ

From Middle English dischargen, from Old French deschargier (“to unload”), from Late Latin discarricāre (“unload”). By surface analysis, dis- + charge.

GWR plans to use it on the Greenford branch in west London, making use of a fast charger at West Ealing that will charge the batteries in just three and a half minutes. This fast charger is essentially a battery installed at the lineside which is trickle-charged from the electricity grid. It can then discharge quickly into the train's batteries through charging rails and then start recharging itself while the train is running in service.

2024 March 6, “Network News: GWR '230' sets UK battery record”, in RAIL, number 1004, page 13:

(electricity) To release (an accumulated charge).

разреждам

electricity: to release an accumulated charge


discharge

en-noun

discharge (countable and uncountable, plural discharges)

/dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/

/ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ/

/dɪsˈtʃɑɹdʒ/

/ˈdɪstʃɑɹdʒ/

-ɪstʃɑː(ɹ)dʒ

(electricity) The act of releasing an accumulated charge.


upsilon

From Ancient Greek ὖ ψιλόν (û psilón, “simple Υ”).

uder

(physics) An upsilon meson, or bottomonium.


plastic

en-noun

plastic (countable and uncountable, plural plastics)

→ Japanese: プラスチック (purasuchikku)

→ Korean: 플라스틱 (peullaseutik)

→ Swahili: plastiki

From Latin plasticus (“of molding”), from Ancient Greek πλαστικός (plastikós), from πλάσσω (plássō, “to mold, form”).

Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field. Dr Mincer and Dr Amaral-Zettler found evidence of them on their marine plastic, too.

2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

A synthetic, solid, hydrocarbon-based polymer, whether thermoplastic or thermosetting.

It's all about fast cars and cussing each other / but it doesn't matter cause I'm packing plastic / and that's what makes my life so fucking fantastic.

(colloquial, metonymically) Credit or debit cards used in place of cash to buy goods and services.

Cady: You know I couldn't invite you. I had to pretend to be plastic.
Janis: Hey, buddy, you're not pretending anymore. You're plastic. Cold, shiny, hard plastic.

2004, Rosalind Wiseman, Tina Fey, Mean Girls:

Tessa: Pretty ironic that a box full of rubbers landed me to a town full of plastic.

(figurative, slang) insincerity; fakeness, or a person who is fake or arrogant, or believes that they are better than the rest of the population.


plastic

en-adj

plastic (comparative more plastic, superlative most plastic)

more plastic (comparative)
most plastic (superlative)

A canister of flour from the kitchen had been thrown at the looking-glass and lay like trampled snow over the remains of a decent blue suit with the lining ripped out which lay on top of the ruin of a plastic wardrobe.

1963, Margery Allingham, “Foreword”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

A green plastic watering can / For a fake Chinese rubber plant / In a fake plastic earth / That she bought from a rubber man / In a town full of rubber plans / To get rid of itself

1995, Radiohead (lyrics and music), “Fake Plastic Trees”, in The Bends:

The Hippie has been replaced by the pseudo-Hippie, the plastic Hippie, the weekend Hippie

1969, Lowell D. Streiker, The gospel of irreligious religion, page 83:

People always try to say that we're garage rock, but that scene is so plastic. Some dude in a band has tight jeans, dyed black hair, and a starving girlfriend with bangs, and people call it indie rock. It's so gross.

2007, Daniel Sinker, We owe you nothing: Punk Planet: the collected interviews, page 238:

Frustrated by a globalized music industry force-feeding them plastic pop music, hackers, remixers, and activists began to mobilize...

2008, Matt James Mason, The pirate's dilemma: how youth culture is reinventing capitalism:

(figurative, derogatory) Inferior or not the real thing.


strange

strange (comparative stranger, superlative strangest)

stranger (comparative)
strangest (superlative)

From Middle English straunge, strange, stronge, from Old French estrange, from Latin extrāneus (“that which is on the outside”). Doublet of extraneous and estrange. Cognate with French étrange (“strange, foreign”) and Spanish extraño (“strange, foreign”). Displaced native Middle English selcouth and uncouth, from Old English seldcūþ and uncūþ.

der

A strange quark is electrically charged, carrying an amount -1/3, as does the down quark.

2004, Frank Close, Particle Physics: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 93:

(particle physics) Having the quantum mechanical property of strangeness.


strange

en-noun

strange (countable and uncountable, plural stranges)

(particle physics, countable) A strange quark.


lever

From Middle English lever, levore, levour, from Old French leveor, leveur (“a lifter, lever (also Old French and French levier)”), from Latin levātor (“a lifter”), from levō (“to raise”). Doublet of levator.

(mechanics) A rigid piece which is capable of turning about one point, or axis (the fulcrum), and in which are two or more other points where forces are applied; — used for transmitting and modifying force and motion.

Retractable steps and handrails are provided on each side of the cars. The steps, which are under the control of the guard, are operated by hand levers in the entrance vestibule.

1952 September, “Modernised Pull-and-Push Trains”, in Railway Magazine, page 617:

Specifically, a bar of metal, wood or other rigid substance, used to exert a pressure, or sustain a weight, at one point of its length, by receiving a force or power at a second, and turning at a third on a fixed point called a fulcrum. It is usually named as the first of the six mechanical powers, and is of three kinds, according as either the fulcrum F, the weight W, or the power P, respectively, is situated between the other two, as in the figures.

A doorknob of whatever roundish shape is effectively a continuum of levers, with the axis of the latching mechanism—known as the spindle—being the fulcrum about which the turning takes place.

2012 March 20, Henry Petroski, “Opening Doors”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, pages 112–3:

(mechanics) A bar, as a capstan bar, applied to a rotatory piece to turn it.

(mechanics) An arm on a rock shaft, to give motion to the shaft or to obtain motion from it.


katal

From Ancient Greek κατάλυσις (katálusis, “dissolution”), from καταλύω (katalúō, “I dissolve”), from κατά (katá, “down”) + λύω (lúō, “I loose”).

der

International System of Units
International System of Units

(chemistry) In the International System of Units, the derived unit of catalytic activity; one mole per second. Symbol: kat.


becquerel

Borrowed from French becquerel. Named after the French physicist Henri Becquerel.

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of radioactive activity; the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second. Symbol: Bq


nuclear

en-noun

nuclear (countable and uncountable, plural nuclears)

From Latin nū̆cleus, a contraction of the adjective nuculeus, masculine of feminine nuculea (“pertaining to a small nut”) from nucula + adjectival suffix -eus, -ea, -eum. The Latin nucula + -āris adds up to nuculāris, a term that in English becomes nucular; the Latin nuculea + -āris, becomes Latin nuculeāris (“relative to what pertains to small nut”), later contracted into nuclear. By surface analysis, nucle(us) + -ar = nucle- + -ar. Compare muscle and Latin mūsculus; muscular and mūsculāris.

cog

The growth in wind capacity at first lagged behind the expansion of nuclear installations, but then it started to grow faster and is now outpacing nuclear.

2015, Vital Signs Volume 22: The Trends That Are Shaping Our Future, The Worldwatch Institute:


truth

en-noun

truth (usually uncountable, plural truths)

From Middle English trouthe, truthe, trewthe, treowthe, from Old English trēowþ, trīewþ (“truth, veracity, faith, fidelity, loyalty, honour, pledge, covenant”), from Proto-Germanic *triwwiþō (“promise, covenant, contract”), from Proto-Indo-European *drū- (“tree”), from Proto-Indo-European *deru- (“firm, solid”), equivalent to true + -th. Cognate with Norwegian trygd (“trustworthiness, security, insurance”), Icelandic tryggð (“loyalty, fidelity”).

cog

National Day for Truth and Reconciliation

(physics, dated) Topness; the property of a truth quark.


ohm

Named after Bavarian physicist Georg Ohm. A German surname, first recorded in the 12th century, from German Ohm (“uncle”), from a Proto-Germanic word. Compare Dutch oom (“uncle”).

named-after

electrical resistance
electrical resistance

potential difference
potential difference

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electrical resistance; the electrical resistance of a device across which a potential difference of one volt causes a current of one ampere. Symbol: Ω


sievert

From Swedish Sievert. Named after the Swedish radiologist Rolf Sievert.

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of radiation dose; the dose received in one hour at a distance of 1 cm from a point source of 1 mg of radium in a 0.5 mm thick platinum enclosure. Symbol: Sv


lumen

Borrowed from Latin lumen (“light, an opening”). Use as a unit was first adopted by French physicist André Blondel in 1894.

(physics) In the International System of Units, the derived unit of luminous flux; the light that is emitted in a solid angle of one steradian from a source of one candela. Symbol: lm.


pop

en-noun

pop (countable and uncountable, plural pops)

From Middle English pop, poppe (“a blow; strike; buffet”) (> Middle English poppen (“to strike; thrust”, verb)), of onomatopoeic origin – used to describe the sound, or short, sharp actions. The physics sense is part of a facetious sequence "snap, crackle, pop", after the mascots of Rice Krispies cereal.

cog

(physics) The sixth derivative of the position vector with respect to time (after velocity, acceleration, jerk, jounce, crackle), i.e. the rate of change of crackle.


radiologist

A person who is skilled in or practices radiology.

طَبِيب أَشِعَّة

ṭabīb ʔašiʕʕa


diaphanous

en-adj

diaphanous (comparative more diaphanous, superlative most diaphanous)

more diaphanous (comparative)
most diaphanous (superlative)

opaque

antonym(s) of “transparent or translucent”

concrete

antonym(s) of “of a fine, almost transparent, texture”

From Medieval Latin diaphanus, from Ancient Greek διαφανής (diaphanḗs), from δια- (dia-, “through”) + φαίνω (phaínō, “to shine, appear”).

(physics) Isorefractive, having an identical refractive index.


amorphous

amorphous (comparative more amorphous, superlative most amorphous)

more amorphous (comparative)
most amorphous (superlative)

From Ancient Greek ἄμορφος (ámorphos, “without form, shapeless, deformed”) (itself from ἀ- (a-, “without”) + μορφή (morphḗ, “form”) + -ous. By surface analysis, a- + -morphous.

der

(physics) In the non-crystalline solid state of a typically crystalline solid.

аморфен

physics: in the non-crystalline state of solid


atomic weight

The equivalent weight of an element or compound is that weight equivalent in reactive power to one atomic weight of hydrogen.

1922, Leicester F. Hamilton, Calculations of Analytical Chemistry, page 38:

relative atomic mass
relative atomic mass

(physics) Former term for the more specific relative atomic mass.

(physics) A term used to represent the mean relative atomic mass of an element in nature, as distinct from the relative atomic mass of a single isotope.

原子量

term used to represent the mean atomic mass of an element in nature


meniscus

From Ancient Greek μηνίσκος (mēnískos, “crescent”), from μήνη (mḗnē, “moon”).

uder

(optics) A lens which is convex on one side and concave on the other, being crescent-shaped in cross-section.


glitch

en-noun

glitch (countable and uncountable, plural glitches)

Probably from Yiddish גליטש (glitsh), from German glitschig (“slippy”), from glitschen (“to slide, glide, slip”) + -ig (“-y”). Related to gleiten (“glide”). Cognate with French glisser (“to slip, slide, skid”).
Popularized in the 1960s, by the US space program. Attested in 1962 by American astronaut John Glenn, in reference to spikes in electrical current.

Another term we adopted to describe some of our problems was "glitch." Literally, a glitch is a spike or change in voltage in an electrical circuit which takes place when the circuit suddenly has a new load put on it. You have probably noticed a dimming of lights in your home when you turn a switch or start the dryer or the television set.

1962, John Glenn, Into Orbit, London: Cassell:

(countable, informal, engineering) An unexpected behavior in an electrical signal, especially if the signal spontaneously returns to expected behavior after a period of time.


flux

flux (countable and uncountable, plural fluxes)

From Old French flux, from Latin fluxus (“flow”).

поток

rate of transfer of energy (electric flux, magnetic flux)

That high a neutron flux would be lethal in seconds.

(physics) The rate of transfer of energy (or another physical quantity), especially an electric or magnetic field, through a given surface.


tau

Hospital Brothers of Saint Anthony
Trần Thanh Vân

From Middle English tau, taue, from Latin tau, from Ancient Greek ταῦ (taû) and Hebrew תָּו (tav).
Sense 6 (“mathematical constant equal to 2π”) was used by Joseph M. Lindenberg in 1991, and popularized by the American educator and entrepreneur Michael Hartl in a 2010 paper which explains that τ resembles π; and that τ is the Greek equivalent of t, the first letter of turn, and 2π corresponds to one turn of a circle with a radius of one unit.
Sense 8.1 (“short for tau lepton or tau particle”) was coined by the American physicist Martin Lewis Perl (1927–2014) after the first letter of Ancient Greek τρίτον (tríton, “third”), since the tau lepton or tauon was the third charged lepton discovered.

sequence box

Ancient Greek Alphabet

<big>Τ τ </big>
Ancient Greek: ταῦ

croix en tau

Saint Anthony’s cross — see also Saint Anthony's cross

Short for tau lepton or tau particle (“an unstable elementary particle which is a type of lepton, having a mass almost twice that of a proton, a negative charge, and a spin of ½; it decays into hadrons (usually pions) or other leptons, and neutrinos; a tauon”).

tau lepton or tau particle

(historical) Short for tau meson, now known as a kaon.


electricity

en-noun

electricity (usually uncountable, plural electricities)

/ɪˌlɛkˈt͡ʃɹɪsɪti/

(physics) The study of electrical phenomena; the branch of science dealing with such phenomena.


grid

Back-formation or clipping of griddle or gridiron.

(electricity) A battery-plate somewhat like a grating, especially a zinc plate in a primary battery, or a lead plate in a secondary or storage battery.


length

length (countable and uncountable, plural lengths)

From Middle English lengthe, from Old English lengþ, lengþu, from Proto-West Germanic *langiþu, from Proto-Germanic *langiþō, equivalent to long + -th. Cognate with Scots lenth, lainth (“length”), Saterland Frisian Loangte (“length”), West Frisian lingte, langte (“length”), Dutch lengte (“length”), German Low German Längde, Längd, Längte, Längt (“length”), Danish længde (“length”), Swedish längd (“length”), Icelandic lengd (“length”).

(horse racing) The length of a horse, used to indicate the distance between horses at the end of a race.

(cricket) The distance down the pitch that the ball bounces on its way to the batsman.

[…] open your book of the play, which you have previously carefully perused, and at the same time marked with the proper calls, as thus: a length (or 42 lines) before an entrance, with a pen make a figure on the margin, […]

1890, Henry Austin, Address of Henry Austin Before the Second Nationalist Club, page 38:

The boy was engaged to write out parts at a penny a length (42 lines) for Chetwood, who then charged the manager, […]

1960, J. L. Hodgkinson, Rex Pogson, The Early Manchester Theatre, page 45:

(theater) A unit of script length, comprising 42 lines.

An artificial bid doesn't necessarily show length in the suit being bid, it has an altogether different meaning.

1999, Edwin B. Kantar, Eddie Kantar Teaches Advanced Bridge Defense, page 191:

(bridge) The number of cards held in a particular suit.


side

side (countable and uncountable, plural sides)

From Middle English side, from Old English sīde (“side, flank”), from Proto-Germanic *sīdǭ (“side, flank, edge, shore”), from Proto-Indo-European *sēy- (“to send, throw, drop, sow, deposit”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Siede (“side”), West Frisian side (“side”), Dutch zijde, zij (“side”), German Low German Sied (“side”), German Seite (“side”), Danish and Norwegian side (“side”), Swedish sida (“side”).

der

know which side one's bread is buttered on

laugh out of the other side of one's mouth

not be able to hit the broad side of a barn

the apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest

the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence

the grass is always greener on the other side of the road

Which side of the tray shall I put it on?  The patient was bleeding on the right side.

We expressed our readiness, and in ten minutes were in the station wagon, rolling rapidly down the long drive, for it was then after nine.[…]As we reached the lodge we heard the whistle, and we backed up against one side of the platform as the train pulled up at the other.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

The slightest effort made the patient cough. He would stand leaning on a stick and holding a hand to his side, and when the paroxysm had passed it left him shaking.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXIII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

One half (left or right, top or bottom, front or back, etc.) of something or someone.

He had to put a bit of side on to hit the pink ball.

(sports, billiards, snooker, pool) Sidespin; english


side

en-adj

side (comparative more side, superlative most side)

more side (comparative)
most side (superlative)

From Middle English side, syde, syd, from Old English sīd (“wide, broad, spacious, ample, extensive, vast, far-reaching”), from Proto-West Germanic *sīd, from Proto-Germanic *sīdaz (“drooping, hanging, low, excessive, extra”), from Proto-Indo-European *sēy- (“to send, throw, drop, sow, deposit”). Cognate with obsolete Dutch zijd (“wide, vast”), Low German sied (“low”), Swedish sid (“long, hanging down”), Icelandic síður (“low hanging, long”).

inh

But when he perceaved that the sayd Pryest could not pourge himself of the foresayd crime he prively payed him his quarters wages before hande and suffered hym to departe without farther tryall of the sayd cryme: and now he jetteth in london wyth side gown and sarcenet typet as good a virgin priest as the best.

c. 1556, Thomas Cranmer, “That the general counsels withoute the worde of god are not sufficiente to make articles of fayth”, in A Confutation of Unwritten Verities:

Hiz gooun had syde sleeuez dooun to midlegge, slit from the shooulder too the hand, & lined with white cotten.

1575, Robert Laneham, “The auncient Minstrell described”, in F. J. Furnivall, editor, Robert Laneham’s Letter: Describing a Part of the Entertainment unto Queen Elizabeth at the Castle of Kenelworth in 1575, London: Chatto & Windus, published 1907, page 38:

What doe we make dost thou aske? why we make faces for feare: such as if thy mortall eyes could behold, would make thee water the long seames of thy side slops […]

c. 1590 (date written), G[eorge] P[eele], The Old Wiues Tale. […], London: […] Iohn Danter, for Raph Hancocke, and Iohn Hardie, […], published 1595, →OCLC, [lines 47-50]:

By my troth, ’s but a night-gown in respect of yours: cloth o’ gold, and cuts, and laced with silver, set with pearls, down sleeves, side sleeves, and skirts, round underborne with a bluish tinsel […]

1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:

(UK archaic, dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Wide; large; long, pendulous, hanging low, trailing; far-reaching.


tap

The noun is derived from Middle English tappe (“hollow device for controlling the flow of liquid from a hole, cock, faucet, spigot; hole through which the liquid flows; the liquid which thus flows”), from Old English tæppa, from Proto-West Germanic *tappō, from Proto-Germanic *tappô (“a plug, tap; peg; tapering stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂p- (“to lose; to sacrifice”).
The verb is derived from Middle English tappen (“to obtain (liquid, chiefly liquor) from a tap; to obtain and sell (liquor)”), from Old English tæppian (“to provide (a container) with a stopper; to obtain (liquid) from a tap”), and then either:
* from Old English tæppa (see above) + -ian (suffix forming verbs); or
* from Proto-Germanic *tappōną, from *tappô (noun) (see above).
Verb sense 1.3.5 (“to turn over (a playing card or playing piece) to remind players that it has already been used in that round”) alludes to the abilities or resources of the card or piece having been drawn on to the point of temporary exhaustion: see verb sense 1.3.2.

rubinet

hollow device used to control the flow of a fluid — see also faucet

We drilled a hole and then cut the threads with the proper tap to match the valve’s thread.

To fit the Pin therefore to a true ſize, I in my Practiſe uſe to try into vvhat Hole of the Screvv Plate, the Tap or place of the Tap, (if it be a tapering Tap,) I make the Nut vvith vvill juſt ſlide through; […] But if the Screvv-Tap have no Handle, then it hath its upper end Filed to a long ſquare, to fit into an hollovv ſquare, made near the Handle of the Screvv-Plate: Put that long ſquare hole over the long ſquare on the top of the Tap, and then by turning about the Screvv-Plate, you vvill alſo turn about the Tap in the Hole, and make Grooves and Threds in the Nut.

1678 January 11 – February 11 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Moxon, “Numb[er] II. Applied to the Making of Hinges, Locks, Keys, Screws and Nuts Small and Great.”, in Mechanick Exercises, or The Doctrine of Handy-Works, […], volume I, London: […] Joseph Moxon, published 1683, →OCLC, page 31:

(mechanics) A cylindrical tool used to cut an internal screw thread in a hole, with cutting edges around the lower end and an upper end to which a handle is fitted to turn the tool.

метчик

The system was barely keeping pressure due to all of the ill-advised taps along its length.

(British, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering) A connection made to an electrical or fluid conductor without breaking it; a tapping.

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

mechanical engineering
mechanical engineering


tap

en-verb

tap (third-person singular simple present taps, present participle tapping, simple past and past participle tapped)

taps (present singular third-person)
tapping (participle present)
tapped (participle past)
tapped (past)
tap (infinitive)

точа

to draw off (a liquid) from a container or other source; to draw off a liquid from (a container or other source)

Tap an M3 thread all the way through the hole.

To cut an internal screw thread in (a hole); also, to cut (an internal screw thread) in a hole, or to create an internally threaded hole in (something).

нарязвам резба

to cut an internal screw thread in (a hole); to cut (an internal screw thread) in a hole; to create an internally threaded hole in (something)

To cut an external screw thread into (a bolt or rod) to create a screw.

tehdä ulkokierre

to cut an external screw thread into (a bolt or rod) to create a screw

To put (a screw or other object) in or through another thing.

työntää ruuvi läpi

to put (a screw or other object) in or through another thing


curious

en-adj

curious (comparative more curious or curiouser, superlative most curious or curiousest)

more curious (comparative)
curiouser (comparative)
most curious (superlative)
curiousest (superlative)

From Middle English curious, from Old French curius, from Latin cūriōsus. The English word is cognate with Italian curioso, Occitan curios, Portuguese curioso, and Spanish curioso.

It's not what I'm used to / Just wanna try you on / I'm curious for you / Caught my attention

2008 April 28, Katy Perry, Dr. Luke, Max Martin, Cathy Dennis, “I Kissed a Girl”, in One of the Boys, performed by Katy Perry:


dynamic

From French dynamique, from Ancient Greek δυναμικός (dunamikós, “powerful”), from δύναμις (dúnamis, “power”), from δύναμαι (dúnamai, “I am able”).

der

The study of fluid dynamics quantifies turbulent and laminar flows.


event

From Middle French event, from Latin ēventus (“an event, occurrence”), from ēveniō (“to happen, to fall out, to come out”), from ē (“out of, from”), short form of ex + veniō (“come”); related to venture, advent, convent, invent, convene, evene, etc.

(physics) A point in spacetime having three spatial coordinates and one temporal coordinate.


achromaticity

(optics) The state or quality of being achromatic.


achromatic

en-adj

achromatic (comparative more achromatic, superlative most achromatic)

more achromatic (comparative)
most achromatic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek ἀχρωμάτιστος (akhrōmátistos, “uncolored”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”), equivalent to a- + chromatic; compare French achromatique.

der

ἀχρωμάτιστος

(optics) Free from color; transmitting light without color-related distortion.


weak

en-adj

weak (comparative weaker, superlative weakest)

weaker (comparative)
weakest (superlative)

healthy

antonym(s) of “lacking in force or ability”

potent

antonym(s) of “lacking in taste or potency”

From Middle English weyk, wayk, weik, waik, from Old Norse veikr (“weak”), from Proto-Germanic *waikwaz (“weak, yielded, pliant, bendsome”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to bend, wind”).
Cognate with Old English wāc (“weak, bendsome”), Saterland Frisian wook (“soft, gentle, tender”), West Frisian weak (“soft”), Dutch week (“soft, weak”), German weich (“weak, soft”), Norwegian veik (“weak”), Swedish vek (“weak, pliant”), Icelandic veikur (“bendsome, weak”). Related to Old English wīcan (“to yield”). Doublet of week and wick.

cog

the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak

the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must

(physics) One of the four fundamental forces associated with nuclear decay.

թույլ

physics: one of the four fundamental forces associated with nuclear decay


cent

→ Cantonese: 仙 (sin¹)

→ Catalan: cent

→ French: cent

→ Georgian: ცენტი (cenṭi)

→ Hebrew: סנט (sent)

→ Italian: cent

→ Korean: 센트 (senteu)

→ Min Nan: 仙 (sian)

→ Polish: cent

→ Samoan: sene
→ English: sene

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: це̏нт

Latin script: cȅnt

→ Swahili: senti

→ Swedish: cent

Tok Pisin: sen
→ Rotokas: sieri

From Middle English cent, from Old French cent, from Latin centum, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

(nuclear physics) A unit of reactivity equal to one hundredth of a dollar.


virtual

/ˈvɜːt͡ʃʊəl/

/ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/

/ˈvɵːt͡ʃuəl/

PIE word
 *wiHrós
The adjective is derived from Middle English vertual, virtual [and other forms], from Old French vertüal, vertüelle (modern French virtuel), or from their etymon Medieval Latin virtuālis (“of or pertaining to potency or power; having power to produce an effect, potent; morally virtuous”), from Latin virtūs (“goodness, virtue; manliness, virility”) (from vir (“adult male, man”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós (“man”), possibly from *weyh₁- (“to chase, hunt, pursue”)) + -tūs (suffix forming collective or abstract nouns)) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship), modelled after virtuōsus (“good, virtuous”).
Sense 4 (“pertaining to a theoretical infinitesimal velocity in a mechanical system that does not violate the system’s constraints”) is borrowed from French virtuel, from Middle French virtuel, from Old French vertüal, vertüelle: see above.
The noun is derived from the adjective.
cognates
* French virtuel
* Italian virtuale
* Spanish virtual

der

virtual displacement virtual work

(mechanics) Pertaining to a theoretical infinitesimal velocity in a mechanical system that does not violate the system's constraints; also, of other physical quantities: resulting from such a velocity.

virtuaalinen

pertaining to a theoretical infinitesimal velocity in a mechanical system that does not violate the system’s constraints; of other physical quantities: resulting from such a velocity

Pertaining to a theoretical quality of something which would produce an observable effect if counteracting factors such as friction are disregarded; specifically, of a head of water: producing a certain pressure if friction, etc., is disregarded.

virtuaalinen

pertaining to a theoretical quality of something which would produce an observable effect if counteracting factors such as friction are disregarded

(optics) Chiefly in virtual focus: of a focus or point: from which light or other radiation apparently emanates; also, of an image: produced by light that appears to diverge from a point beyond the reflecting or refracting surface.

vale-

of a focus or point: from which light or other radiation apparently emanates; of an image: produced by light that appears to diverge from a point beyond the reflecting or refracting surface

Heisenberg uncertainty principle
Heisenberg uncertainty principle

(particle physics) Pertaining to particles in temporary existence due to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

virtuaalinen

pertaining to particles in temporary existence due to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle

(quantum mechanics) Of a quantum state: having an intermediate, short-lived, and unobservable nature.

virtuaalinen

of a quantum state: having an intermediate, short-lived, and unobservable nature


pole

From Middle French pole, pôle, from Latin polus, from Ancient Greek πόλος (pólos, “axis of rotation”).

(electricity) A contact on an electrical device (such as a battery) at which electric current enters or leaves.


manifold

From Middle English manifold, from Old English maniġfeald (“manifold, various, varied, complicated, numerous, abundant, plural”), from Proto-Germanic *managafalþaz, equivalent to many + -fold. Cognate with Middle High German manecvalt (“manifold”), Icelandic margfaldr (“multiple”). Compare also German mannigfaltig (“various”), Dutch menigvoudig (“various”), Danish mangefold (“multiple”), Swedish mångfald (“diversity”).

cog

(mechanics) A pipe fitting or similar device that connects multiple inputs or outputs.


bar

en-noun

bar (countable and uncountable, plural bars)

→ Albanian: bar m

→ Arabic: بَار m (bār)

→ Armenian: բար (bar)

→ Bulgarian: бар (bar)

→ Burmese: ဘား (bha:)

→ Chichewa: bála

→ Cantonese: 吧 (baa¹)

→ Czech: bar m

→ Danish: bar c

→ Dutch: bar m

→ Esperanto: baro

→ Estonian: baar

→ French: bar m
→ Romanian: bar

→ Galician: bar m

→ Georgian: ბარი (bari)

→ German: Bar f

→ Greek: μπαρ n (bar)

→ Gulf Arabic: بار (bār)

→ Hebrew: בָּר (bar), בָּאר (bár)

→ Hungarian: bár (also via German)

→ Icelandic: bar m

→ Irish: beár m

→ Italian: bar m

→ Japanese: バー (bā)

→ Khmer: បារ (baa)

→ Korean: 바 (ba)

→ Lithuanian: bãras m

→ Macedonian: бар m (bar)

→ Malagasy: ba

→ Mandarin: 吧 (bā)

→ Norwegian:

Bokmål: bar m

Nynorsk: bar m

→ Persian: بار (bâr)

→ Polish: bar m

→ Portuguese: bar m

→ Russian: бар m (bar)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ба̑р m, bȃr m

→ Slovene: bȃr m

→ Spanish: bar m

→ Swahili: baa

→ Swedish: bar c (see there for further descendants)

→ Thai: บาร์ (baa)

→ Turkish: bar

→ Xhosa: íbhári

→ Zulu: ibha

From Middle English barre, from Old French barre (“beam, bar, gate, barrier”), from Vulgar Latin *barra, of uncertain origin. Doublet of barre.

der

(physics) A similar sign indicating that the charge on a particle is the negative of its usual value (and that consequently the particle is in fact an antiparticle).


proper

en-adj

proper (comparative more proper, superlative most proper)

more proper (comparative)
most proper (superlative)

From Middle English propre, from Anglo-Norman proper, propre, Old French propre (French: propre), from Latin proprius.

(mathematics, physics) Eigen-; designating a function or value which is an eigenfunction or eigenvalue.


lug

From Middle English luggen, possibly from Scandinavian source, (compare Swedish lugga, Norwegian lugge); also in English dialectal as lig (“to lug”). Noun is via Scots lugge, probably from Old Norse (compare Norwegian and Swedish lugg). Probably related to slug (“lazy, slow-moving”), which may be from similar source(s). See slow.

(electricity) A device for terminating an electrical conductor to facilitate the mechanical connection; to the conductor it may be crimped to form a cold weld, soldered or have pressure from a screw.


juice

en-noun

juice (usually uncountable, plural juices)

Tok Pisin: jus

→ Czech: džus

→ Danish: juice

→ Faroese: djús

→ Hungarian: dzsúsz

→ Icelandic: djús

→ Indonesian: jus

→ Japanese: ジュース (jūsu)

→ Korean: 주스 (juseu), 쥬스 (juseu)

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: juice, jus

Norwegian Nynorsk: juice, jus

→ Papiamentu: djus

→ Serbo-Croatian: džus

→ Slovak: džús

→ Swahili: juisi, jusi

→ Swedish: juice, jos

→ Zulu: újúsi

From Middle English jus, juis, from Old French jus, jous, from Latin jūs (“broth, soup, sauce”), from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs, from *yewH- (“to mix (of meal preparation)”). Doublet of jus and ukha. In this sense, mostly displaced native Middle English sew (“juice”), from Old English sēaw (“juice, sap”) (> English sew (“juice, broth, gravy”)). Sense of "soft drink" most likely an ellipsis of fizzy juice, another similarly common term in Scotland.

the blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice

the darker the berry, the sweeter the juice

This is the shrine of the God That Works,
Driving away the mists and murks,
Turning the lightnings into use.
This is the shrine of the mighty "Juice,"
Flowing ever the long wires through,
And making the dream, the Dream come true!

`Perhaps, later on, but I've got lots to show you - and besides, it's a waste of "juice".'

1917 July 20, The Electrical Experimenter, New York, page 180, column 2:

(uncountable, slang) Any source or enabler of significant positive effects.


teleporter

(science fiction) A device used for teleporting.


form

form (countable and uncountable, plural forms)

→ Korean: 폼 (pom)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: form

From Middle English forme (“shape, figure, manner, bench, frame, seat, condition, agreement, etc.”), borrowed from Old French forme, from Latin fōrma (“shape, figure, image, outline, plan, mold, frame, case, etc., manner, sort, kind, etc.”).
The now dated UK school sense ("division grouping school students") is derived from public school nomenclature, which was later used by state schools. It is sometimes said to be from the sense of "bench", where students of certain ages would sit together, though this is disputed, or alternatively from the sense of "established method of expression or practice".

der

imitation is the sincerest form of flattery

(crystallography) The combination of planes included under a general crystallographic symbol. It is not necessarily a closed solid.


focus

en-noun

focus (countable and uncountable, plural foci or focuses or focusses)

foci (plural)
focuses (plural)
focusses (plural)

Borrowed from Latin focus (“hearth, fireplace”); see there for more. Doublet of fuel.
Kepler introduced the term into mathematics and the sciences in describing elliptical orbits of planets (quote from Nicholas Mee) :
"One of the interesting properties of an ellipse is that if there were a light bulb at one focus, then all the light that it emits would reflect off the ellipse and converge at the other focus. This is why Kepler originally used the name focus for these points."

bor+

The heat of sunlight at the focus of a magnifying glass can easily set dry leaves on fire.

(countable, optics) A point at which reflected or refracted rays of light converge.


focus

en-verb

focus (third-person singular simple present focuses or focusses, present participle focusing or focussing, simple past and past participle focused or focussed)

focuses (present singular third-person)
focusses (present singular third-person)
focusing (participle present)
focussing (participle present)
focused (participle past)
focused (past)
focussed (participle past)
focussed (past)

You'll need to focus the microscope carefully in order to capture the full detail of this surface.

(transitive, optics) To adjust (a lens, an optical instrument) in order to position an image with respect to the focal plane.

фокусирам

(transitive, optics) to adjust (a lens, an optical instrument)

I can't get the lens to focus.

The camera focuses automatically on the subject's eyes.

(intransitive, optics, of a lens, optical instrument, etc.) To adjust itself or be adjusted such that light from a scene converges appropriately to create a clear image.

фокуси́роваться

(intransitive, optics) To adjust itself or be adjusted such that light from a scene converges appropriately


wrench

From Middle English wrench, from Old English wrenċ, from Proto-Germanic *wrankiz (“a turning, twisting”). Compare German Rank (“plot, intrigue”).

inh

(physics) In screw theory, a screw assembled from force and torque vectors arising from application of Newton's laws to a rigid body.


carrier

но́сьбіт

person or object that carries someone or something else

(physics, electronics) A charge carrier.


traveller

From Middle English traveler, travelour, travailere, travailour (“worker", also "traveller”), equivalent to travel + -er. Compare Anglo-Norman travailur, travailour, Old French travailleor, travelleeur, travelier.

(electrical engineering) One of the wires connecting the two members of a pair of three-way switches.


optics

From Medieval Latin opticus (“optic, optical”), from Ancient Greek ὀπτικός (optikós), equivalent to optic + -ics.

der

a PhD in the optics of liquid crystals

(physics) The physics of light and vision: basic optical science.


crystal

en-noun

crystal (countable and uncountable, plural crystals)

→ Hindi: क्रिस्टल (krisṭal)

→ Japanese: クリスタル (kurisutaru)

From Middle English crystal, cristal, criȝstall, from Old English cristalla (“crystal”), a borrowing from Latin crystallum (“crystal, ice”) (later reinforced from Anglo-Norman cristall and Middle French cristal, from Latin crystallum), from Ancient Greek κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “clear ice”), from κρύος (krúos, “frost”), from Proto-Indo-European *krews- (“hard, hard outer surface, crust”).

der

He tells me he's been shooting crystal, which I already pretty much know because he does not bother to keep his sleeves rolled down over the needle tracks.

1968, Joan Didion, “Slouching Towards Bethlehem”, in Slouching Towards Bethlehem:

methamphetamine hydrochloride
methamphetamine hydrochloride

(uncountable, slang) Crystal meth: methamphetamine hydrochloride.


vulcanize

en-verb

vulcanize (third-person singular simple present vulcanizes, present participle vulcanizing, simple past and past participle vulcanized)

vulcanizes (present singular third-person)
vulcanizing (participle present)
vulcanized (participle past)
vulcanized (past)

(transitive) To treat rubber with heat and (usually) sulfur to harden it and make it more durable.


bead

From Middle English bede (“a prayer”), also “a bead for counting prayers” in a peire of bedes (literally “a pair of beads”), from Old English bedu, bed, ġebed (“a request, entreaty, prayer”), from Proto-West Germanic *bedu, *bed, *gabed, from Proto-Germanic *bedō, *bedą.
Cognate with Dutch gebed and bede, German Gebet.

the borax bead;  the iron bead, etc.

(physical chemistry, dated) A glassy drop of molten flux, as borax or microcosmic salt, used as a solvent and color test for several mineral earths and oxides, as of iron, manganese, etc., before the blowpipe.


exotic

Borrowed from Middle French exotique, from Latin exōticus, from Ancient Greek ἐξωτικός (exōtikós, “foreign”, literally “from the outside”), from ἐξω- (exō-, “outside”), from ἐξ (ex, “out of”).

der

Glueballs, theoretical particles composed only of gluons, are exotics.


crimp

en-verb

crimp (third-person singular simple present crimps, present participle crimping, simple past and past participle crimped)

crimps (present singular third-person)
crimping (participle present)
crimped (participle past)
crimped (past)

From Middle English crimpen (“to be contracted, be drawn together”), from Middle Dutch crimpen, crempen (“to crimp”), from Proto-Germanic *krimpaną (“to shrink, draw back”) (compare related Old English ġecrympan (“to curl”)). Cognate with Dutch krimpen, German Low German krimpen, Faroese kreppa (“crisis”), and Icelandic kreppa (“to bend tightly, clench”). Compare also derivative Middle English crymplen (“to wrinkle”) and causative crempen (“to turn something back, restrain”, literally “to cause to shrink or draw back”), both ultimately derived from the same root. See also cramp.

cog

He crimped the wire in place.

(electricity) To fasten by bending metal so that it squeezes around the parts to be fastened.


naked

en-adj

naked (comparative more naked, superlative most naked)

more naked (comparative)
most naked (superlative)

From Middle English naked, from Old English nacod, from Proto-West Germanic *nak(k)wad, from Proto-Germanic *nakwadaz, from Proto-Indo-European *negʷ- (“naked”).

(physics, of a singularity) Not hidden within an event horizon and thus observable from other parts of spacetime.


moment

en-noun

moment (countable and uncountable, plural moments)

From Middle English moment, from Old French moment, from Latin mōmentum. Doublet of momentum and movement.

(physics, mechanics) Ellipsis of moment of force.


lattice

→ Japanese: ラティス (ratisu)

From Middle English latis, from Middle French lattis (“lathing”), from Old French lattis, from latte (“a lath”), from Frankish *lattā, *lattu (“a lath”), from Proto-Germanic *lattǭ, *lattō, *laþþō (“board; plank; ledge”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)latn-, *(s)lat- (“beam; log”). Cognate with Old High German latta (“lath”), (German Latte), Old English lætt (“lath”), Middle Low German lāde (“plank, counter, sales counter”), German Laden (“shop”). More at lath.

cog

(crystallography) A regular spacing or arrangement of geometric points, often decorated with a motif.


light bulb

From light + bulb First attested in 1885.

a fluorescent light bulb

an LED light bulb

(by extension) An article that resembles such a bulb and converts electricity to light by any process.

peer

resembling article that converts electricity to light


rad

Coordinate term: gray

(metrology) A non-SI unit of absorbed dose of radiation, equal to 0.01 gray.


fertile

en-adj

fertile (comparative more fertile, superlative most fertile)

more fertile (comparative)
most fertile (superlative)

From Middle English, from Middle French fertile, from Old French fertile, from Latin fertilis (“fruitful, fertile”), from ferō (“I bear, carry”).

There are two basic fertile materials: uranium-238 and thorium-232.

(physics) Not itself fissile, but able to be converted into a fissile material by irradiation in a reactor.


mode

From Old French mode (masculine), from Latin modus (“measure, due measure, rhythm, melody”). Doublet of modus.

der

(mathematics, physics) A state of a system that is represented by an eigenfunction of that system.

tila

mathematics, physics: state of a system represented by an eigenfunction of that system


value

en-noun

value (countable and uncountable, plural values)

From Middle English valew, value, from Old French value, feminine past participle of valoir, from Latin valēre (“be strong, be worth”), from Proto-Italic *walēō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to be strong”).

der

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class V § 812a. Value

The exact value of pi cannot be represented in decimal notation.

(mathematics, physics) Any definite numerical quantity or other mathematical object, determined by being measured, computed, or otherwise defined.

մեծություն

numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed


ghost

en-noun

ghost (countable and uncountable, plural ghosts)

→ Japanese: ゴースト (gōsuto)

Inherited from Middle English gost, from Old English gāst (which was the word for “spirit” as well as “ghost”; the original sense survives in Modern English Holy Ghost), from Proto-West Germanic *gaist, from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéysdos, derived from *ǵʰéysd- (“anger, agitation”).
The ⟨h⟩ in the spelling appears in the Prologue to William Caxton's Royal Book, printed in 1484, in a reference to the ‘Holy Ghoost’, likely introduced by Caxton's assistant, Wynkyn de Worde, as a result of Flemish influence, where it was spelled gheest at the time. Doublet of geist.

The proof is well known, and independent of the metric, but to make certain we prove it here also for the case when the state vector system of an operator contains multipole^([sic]) ghosts.

1966, Kàzmèr L. Nagy, State Vector Spaces with Indefinite Metric in Quantum Field Theory, page 14:

Soon after, the proof of the No-Ghost Theorem, establishing that the DRM has no ghosts if d ≤ 26, was achieved independently by Brower (1972) and by Goddard and Thorn (1972).

2019, Radin Dardashti, Richard Dawid, Karim Thébault, Why Trust a Theory?, page 180:

(quantum mechanics) An unphysical state in a gauge theory.


admittance

admittance (countable and uncountable, plural admittances)


reluctance

reluctance (countable and uncountable, plural reluctances)

That is to say, the total number of ampere-hours, including the drop of gilbertage, due to magnetic flux traversing the reluctance of the circuit, must be equal to zero.

1903, The Electrical World and Engineer, volume 42, page 369:

(physics) That property of a magnetic circuit analogous to resistance in an electric circuit.


fine-structure constant

electromagnetic force
electromagnetic force

(electrodynamics) The fundamental physical value α, presumed to be constant, that characterizes the strength of the electromagnetic force. Equal to about 1/137 = 0.0072973525.


cold fusion

Cold fusion (disambiguation)
cold fusion

A hypothetical form of nuclear fusion not requiring the usual immensely high temperatures; nuclear fusion at or near room temperature.

A method of synthesizing superheavy elements, where the product nucleus has a relatively low excitation energy of ~10 to 20 MeV.


beauty

beauty (countable and uncountable, plural beauties)

→ Cebuano: byuti

From Middle English bewty, bewte, beaute, bealte, from Anglo-Norman and Old French beauté (early Old French spelling biauté), from Vulgar Latin *bellitātem (“beauty”), from Latin bellus (“beautiful, fair”); see beau. In this sense, mostly displaced native Old English fæġernes, whence Modern English fairness.

(physics, obsolete) A beauty quark (now called bottom quark).


gnome

From French gnome (“gnome”), from New Latin gnomus, used by Paracelsus as a synonym for pygmaeus (“pygmy”).

(astronomy, meteorology) An upper atmospheric optical phenomenon associated with thunderstorms, a compact blue starter.


extensive

en-adj

extensive (comparative more extensive, superlative most extensive)

more extensive (comparative)
most extensive (superlative)

From late Middle English, borrowed from Late Latin extensīvus, from Latin extensus.

According to Tsallis (1988), the entropy was extensive for T = 1, superextensive for t < 1 and subextensive for t > 1.

2000, Roman Teisseyre, Eugeniusz Majewski, Earthquake Thermodynamics and Phase Transformation in the Earth's Interior, →ISBN:

(physics) Having a combined system entropy that equals the sum of the entropies of the independent systems.


seed

en-noun

seed (countable and uncountable, plural seeds)

From Middle English seed, sede, side, from Old English sēd, sǣd (“seed, that which is sown”), from Proto-West Germanic *sād, from Proto-Germanic *sēdą, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow, throw”).
Cognate with West Frisian sied (“seed”), Dutch zaad (“seed”), Low German Saad (“seed”), German Saat (“sowing; seed”), Icelandic sæði (“seed”), Danish sæd (“seed”), Swedish säd (“seed”), Latin satiō (“seeding, time of sowing, season”). More at sow.

alkutilanne

initial state, condition or position of a process

(physics) A small particle, bubble, or imperfection that serves as a nucleation point for some process.


pulse

From Late Middle English pulse, Middle English pous, pouse (“regular beat of arteries, pulse; heartbeat; place on the body where a pulse is detectable; beat (of a musical instrument); energy, vitality”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman puls, pous, pus, and Middle French pouls, poulz, pous [and other forms], Old French pous, pulz (“regular beat of arteries; place on the body where a pulse is detectable”) (modern French pouls), and from their etymon Latin pulsus (“beat, impulse, pulse, stroke; regular beat of arteries or the heart”), from pellō (“to drive, impel, propel, push; to banish, eject, expel; to set in motion; to strike”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, strike; to drive; to push, thrust”)) + -sus (a variant of -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs)).

nb...

pouce, pounce, pouns, pounse, pousse, pouz, puls

der

A thin ruby crystal is illuminated by two successive intense short pulses of coherent light, t seconds apart, obtained from a ruby-laser source. As expected, the crystal will transmit the two pulses t seconds apart. But then one observes a curious additional feature: a third light pulse emerges spontaneously from the crystal about t seconds following the second pulse, and still relatively intense.

1969, “[Scientific Progress in F[iscal] Y[ear] 69: Electronics] The Photon Echo”, in Jacob Seiden, editor, OAR Progress for 1969 (OAR 69-0017; AD 699300), Arlington, Va.: Office of Aerospace Research, United States Air Force, →OCLC, page 71, column 1:

A brief burst of electromagnetic energy, such as light, radio waves, etc.

Synonym of autosoliton (“a stable solitary localized structure that arises in nonlinear spatially extended dissipative systems due to mechanisms of self-organization”)

autosoliton

(also electronics) A brief increase in the strength of an electrical signal; an impulse.


pulse

en-verb

pulse (third-person singular simple present pulses, present participle pulsing, simple past and past participle pulsed)

pulses (present singular third-person)
pulsing (participle present)
pulsed (participle past)
pulsed (past)

From Late Middle English pulse, Middle English pulsen (“to pulse, throb”), from Latin pulsāre, the present active infinitive of pulsō (“to push; to beat, batter, hammer, strike; to knock on; to pulsate; (figuratively) to drive or urge on, impel; to move; to agitate, disquiet, disturb”), the frequentative of pellō (“to drive, impel, propel, push; to banish, eject, expel; to set in motion; to strike”); see further at etymology 1. Doublet of push.

inh

To apply an electric current or signal that varies in strength to (something).

прилагам импулс

to apply an electric current or signal that varies in strength to (something)

electromagnetic wave
electromagnetic wave

To manipulate (an electric current, electromagnetic wave, etc.) so that it is emitted in pulses.


top

en-noun

top (countable and uncountable, plural tops)

From Middle English top, toppe, from Old English top (“top, highest part; summit; crest; tassel, tuft; (spinning) top, ball; a tuft or ball at the highest point of anything”), from Proto-West Germanic *topp, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“braid, pigtail, end”), of unknown ultimate origin.
Cognate with Scots tap (“top”), North Frisian top, tap, tup (“top”), Saterland Frisian Top (“top”), West Frisian top (“top”), Dutch top (“top, summit, peak”), Low German Topp (“top”), German Zopf (“braid, pigtail, plait, top”), Swedish topp (“top, peak, summit, tip”), Icelandic toppur (“top”).
The sense of a spinning toy is separated from this, obscurely related to Dutch top and dop in this sense, against Standard Dutch tol, and French toupie having this sense.

頂上

chōjō, ちょうじょう

suprulo

BDSM: dominant partner in a BDSM relationship or roleplay

主動

gay sexual slang: gay man who likes to penetrate in sex

one's elevator doesn't go all the way to the top


flash point

The whole cursed corporation ought to be rooted out and drowned in its own incombustible product. What is the flash point of this condemned coal oil anyway?

1916, Peter McArthur, In Pastures Green:

The flash point of new oils varies with viscosity: higher viscosity oils have higher flash points.

2001, Don M. Pirro, Ekkehard Daschner, Lubrication Fundamentals, 2nd edition, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 48:

(physics) The lowest temperature at which a liquid can form an ignitable mixture in air near the surface of the liquid.


ICR

(spectroscopy) Initialism of ion cyclotron resonance.


spot

→ Catalan: espot

From Middle English spot, spotte, partially from Middle Dutch spotte (“spot, speck”), and partially merging with Middle English splot, from Old English splott (“spot, plot of land”), from Proto-West Germanic *splott, from Proto-Germanic *spluttaz (“segment”), from Proto-Indo-European *splt-no- (“an off-split, segment”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pel- (“to split”). Cognate with North Frisian spot (“speck, piece of ground”), Low German spot (“speck”), Old Norse spotti (“small piece”). See also splot, splotch.


sleeve

From Middle English sleve, slefe, from Old English slīef and slīefe (“sleeve”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Sleeuwe (“sleeve”), West Frisian slúf, Dutch sloof (“apron”), Low German sluve, dialectal German Schlaube.
The Canadian sense of “measure smaller than a pint” is due to a former conflict between federal law and provincial law in British Columbia. According to federal law, a pint must be 20 imperial ounces (~568 ml), but according to provincial law at the time, the maximum individual serving size was 500 ml, so an individual portion could not be called a “pint” in British Columbia, and required a different term. The provincial law has been changed, allowing servings of up to 24 oz (~682 ml), but the term remains in use. The term sleeve itself for a cylindrical glass of beer is also found in the UK and Australia (as sleever), and may be due to stacked glasses resembling a sleeve.

(electrical engineering) A double tube of copper into which the ends of bare wires are pushed so that when the tube is twisted an electrical connection is made. The joint thus made is called a McIntire joint.


barn

From Middle English barn, bern, bærn, from Old English bearn, bern, contracted forms of Old English berern, bereærn (“barn, granary”), compound of bere (“barley”) and ærn, ræn (“dwelling, barn”), from Proto-West Germanic *raʀn, from Proto-Germanic *razną (compare Old Norse rann), from pre-Germanic *h₁rh̥₁-s-nó-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erh₁- (“to rest”).
More at rest and barley.
For the use as a unit of surface area, see w:Barn (unit) § Etymology.

der

close the barn door after the horse has bolted

(nuclear physics) A unit of surface area equal to 10⁻²⁸ square metres.


aperture

/ˈæp.ɚˌt͡ʃʊɹ/

/ˈæp.ɚ.t͡ʃɚ/

/ˈæp.ɚˌtjʊɹ/

-æpə(ɹ)tʃʊə(ɹ)

From late Middle English, from Latin apertūra (“an opening”), from aperiō (“to uncover, make or lay bare”) + -tūra (“-ure”, action noun suffix). Doublet of overture.

stralingsvlak

hole restricting the diameter of the lightpath through one plane

апертура

refers to the opening itself, not to the device

(optics) A hole which restricts the diameter of the lightpath through one plane in an optical system.

This telescope has a 100 cm aperture.

(astronomy, photography) The diameter of such a hole which restricts the width of the lightpath through the whole system. For a telescope, this is the diameter of the objective lens.


annihilation

en-noun

annihilation (countable and uncountable, plural annihilations)

creation

antonym(s) of “act of reducing to nothing”

generation

antonym(s) of “state of being annihilated”

From Middle French annihilation, from Latin annihilātiō. Surface analysis: annihilate + -ion.

(physics) The process of a particle and its corresponding antiparticle combining to produce energy.

إِفْنَاء

(physics) process of a particle and its corresponding antiparticle combining to produce energy


vertex

Late Middle English, borrowed from Latin vertex (“whirl, eddy; top, crown, peak, summit”). Doublet of vortex.

der

Mathworld article on vertices of polyhedra

Mathworld article on vertices of polygons

(optics) The point where the surface of a lens crosses the optical axis.

keskipiste

point where the surface of an optical element crosses the optical axis

(particle physics) An interaction point.


interstitial

/ɪntəɹˈstɪʃəl/

From Latin interstitiālis. By surface analysis, interstitium + -al.

2008, E. G. Seebauer et al., Defect Engineering for Ultrashallow Junctions using Surfaces, in P. J. Timans, E. P. Gusev, H. Iwai, D.-L. Kwong, M. C. Öztürk, F. Roozeboom (editors), Advanced Gate Stack, Source/Drain, and Channel Engineering for Si-Based CMOS 4: New Materials, Processes, and Equipment, ECS Transactions: Volume 13, Issue 1, page 56,
The second mechanism, which is the primary focus of the present paper, involves insertion of interstitials into dangling bonds at the surface.

(physics) An interstitial discontinuity in a crystal.


RF

en-noun

RF (countable and uncountable, plural RFs)

(electronics, physics) Initialism of radio frequency.

(optics, imaging, photography) Abbreviation of radiance field.


UPS

en-verb

UPS (third-person singular simple present UPSes, present participle UPSing, simple past and past participle UPSed)

UPSes (present singular third-person)
UPSing (participle present)
UPSed (participle past)
UPSed (past)

If you don't want to lose all your data when the power goes out, you should UPS your computer.

(electronics, nonstandard) To connect a device to an uninterruptible power supply


tension

en-noun

tension (countable and uncountable, plural tensions)

desctree

→ Japanese: テンション (tenshon, “excitement”)
→ Korean: 텐션 (tensyeon)

Borrowed from Middle French tension, from Latin tēnsiō.

(physics, engineering) State of an elastic object which is stretched in a way which increases its length.

(physics, engineering) Force transmitted through a rope, string, cable, or similar object (used with prepositions on, in, or of, e.g., "The tension in the cable is 1000 N", to convey that the same magnitude of force applies to objects attached to both ends).

(physics, engineering) Voltage. Usually only the terms low tension, high tension, and extra-high tension, and the abbreviations LT, HT, and EHT are used. They are not precisely defined; LT is normally a few volts, HT a few hundreds of volts, and EHT thousands of volts.


up

en-noun

up (countable and uncountable, plural ups)

down

antonym(s) of “direction opposed to the pull of gravity”

From Middle English up, from Old English upp, from Proto-Germanic *upp, see more there.


gland

Early 19th century, probably from Scots glam (“vice, clamp”), probably from a variant of clam (“clam; clamp, vise”). Related to clamp.

(mechanics) A compressable cylindrical case and its contents around a shaft where it passes through a barrier, intended to prevent the passage of a fluid past the barrier, used for example around a ship’s propeller shaft or around a tap, valve or faucet.


demon

(physics) Acronym of distinct electron motion particle: A quasiparticle, a type of massless neutral electron excitation associated with superconductivity.


polygon of forces

polygon of forces (plural polygons of forces)

(mechanics) A polygonal figure the sides of which are vectors representing several forces acting simultaneously upon one point, so that the vector necessary to make the figure closed is the resultant of those forces.


parallelogram of forces

parallelogram of forces (plural parallelograms of forces)

(mechanics) A parallelogram, two adjacent sides of which are vectors having the same initial point and representing two forces acting simultaneously upon this point, such that the resultant of the forces is given by the diagonal of the parallelogram that passes through this point.


torch

The noun is derived from Middle English torch, torche (“large candle; lighted stick; (figurative) sunbeam”), from Old French torche, torque (“torch; bundle of (twisted) straw”) (modern French torche); further etymology uncertain, probably from Vulgar Latin *torca (“coiled object”) (referring to a torch made from twisted plant fibres dipped in a flammable substance such as pitch), from Latin torqua, a variant of torquis (“collar of twisted metal, torque; wreath”), from torqueō (“to twist, wind”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”).
Sense 2.3 (Verbascum thapsus) is either due to the plant’s spike of yellow flowers, or because its leaves and stalks were used to make torches (noun sense 1). Sense 3.2 (“precious cause, etc., which needs to be protected and transmitted to others”) is derived from Latin lampada trādere, from Ancient Greek λᾰμπᾰ́δᾰ πᾰρᾰδιδόναι (lampáda paradidónai, “to hand over the torch”), a reference to the torch race held at various festivals such as the Panathenaic Games in Ancient Greece, which involved a relay where a torch was passed from one runner to another.
The verb is derived from the noun.

cog

λᾰμπᾰ́δᾰ πᾰρᾰδιδόναι

sueo'

stick of wood, etc., with one end soaked in a flammable substance and set on fire; similarly shaped implement with a replaceable supply of flammable material

(science fiction) Short for torch drive (“a spacecraft engine which produces thrust by nuclear fusion”).


torch

en-verb

torch (third-person singular simple present torches, present participle torching, simple past and past participle torched)

torches (present singular third-person)
torching (participle present)
torched (participle past)
torched (past)

cog

λᾰμπᾰ́δᾰ πᾰρᾰδιδόναι

(science fiction) To travel in a spacecraft propelled by a torch drive (“an engine which produces thrust by nuclear fusion”).

to travel in a spacecraft propelled by a torch drive

matkustaa fuusiolla toimivalla avaruusaluksella


LSD

en-noun

LSD (countable and uncountable, plural LSDs)

limited-slip differential
limited-slip differential#English

(mechanics) Initialism of limited-slip differential.


accretion disk

(astrophysics) A structure formed by matter falling into a gravitational source such as a galaxy, black hole, or protostar.


anti-

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). Doublet of and- and ante-.

anti- + electron → antielectron

anti- + galaxy → antigalaxy

(particle physics) Composed of antimatter.


SQUID

Acronym of superconducting quantum interference device, a sensor that uses certain quantum effects to detect small magnetic fields.


London moment

Named for the physical scientist Fritz London, and moment as in magnetic moment.

(physics) A quantum-mechanical phenomenon whereby a spinning superconductive metal sphere generates a magnetic field whose axis lines up exactly with the spin axis.

(physics) The magnetic moment of any rotation of any superconductor, caused by the electrons lagging behind the rotation of the object.


-ase

Derived from ending of diastase; a libfix


Quidditch

Coined by British author J. K. Rowling in her 1997 book Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. In Quidditch Through the Ages, Rowling gives some etymological information, hinting that the word evolved from Queerditch (compound of queer + ditch), with some spelling variation as would be expected in real life Middle English, namely Kwidditch, Kweerditch.

Maybe you wish your parents were smarter or funnier or richer or better looking, but you might as well wish for a spot on the local Quidditch team.

2003, “Universal Lifts the Veil on a Harry Potter Park”, in New York Times:

Turn to the south, and you see the Central Acropolis, a five-story palace where the nobles might have sat to watch plaza ceremonies or the famous Quidditch-like Mayan ball games.

2007 December 16, Ethan Todras-Whitehill, “In Tikal, Temples in the Mist”, in New York Times:

Whichever team gets Yegor holds the edge. This is like Quidditch in hell.

2007, Roger Ebert, Roger Ebert's Movie Yearbook 2007:

Eton’s playing fields are famous, not least because of the Eton Field Game. It’s played only there. It’s sort of like Quidditch for real people.

2010 May 8, Brooks Barnes, “Wait, Wait... Don’t Tell Me!”, in National Public Radio:

A fictional ball game played between two teams of seven players riding flying broomsticks, using four balls and six elevated ring-shaped goals.


heterogeneous

en-adj

heterogeneous (comparative more heterogeneous, superlative most heterogeneous)

more heterogeneous (comparative)
most heterogeneous (superlative)

From Medieval Latin heterogeneus, from Ancient Greek ἑτερογενής (heterogenḗs, “of different kinds”), from ἕτερος (héteros, “other, another, different”) + γένος (génos, “kind”). Compare hetero- and -ous.

der

(physics, chemistry) Having more than one phase (solid, liquid, gas) present in a system or process.


parameter

[pəˈɹæm.ə.ɾɚ]

From French paramètre, from New Latin parametrum (“parameter”), from Ancient Greek παρα- (para-, “beside”) + μέτρον (métron, “measure”).

(crystallography) The ratio of the three crystallographic axes which determines the position of any plane.

(crystallography) The fundamental axial ratio for a given species.


AU

en-noun

AU (countable and uncountable, plural AUs)

(physics, metrology) Initialism of angstrom unit.


atomic

A stream of atomic hydrogen is emitted.

(physics, chemistry) Of or relating to atoms; composed of atoms; monatomic.


plenoptic

Coined circa 1991, Latin plenus (“full”) + optic.

(optics) Of or relating to all the light, travelling in every direction, in a given space.

plénoptique

of or relating to all the light, travelling in every direction, in a given space


electrical

en-adj

electrical (comparative more electrical, superlative most electrical)

more electrical (comparative)
most electrical (superlative)

For our final example let us finish the problem posed in the introduction to this chapter. The ideas and formulas needed will be familiar to electrical students, and would be handy for nonelectricals to know as well.

2011, Paul A. Calter, Michael A. Calter, Technical Mathematics, page 275:


absolute zero

(physics) The coldest possible temperature, zero on the Kelvin scale, or approximately −273.15 °C, −459.67 °F; total absence of heat; temperature at which motion of all molecules would cease.


coma

Borrowed from Latin coma (“hair of the head”), from Ancient Greek κόμη (kómē, “hair”).

(optics) A defect characterized by diffuse, pear-shaped images that in an ideal image would appear as points.

彗差

Defect characterized by diffuse, pear-shaped images


nuke

Clipping of nuclear weapon. The verb is derived from the noun.

(colloquial) vessel running on nuclear power

Confronted with the threat of several nukes on the island, we soon realized that the Long Island Sound is being used as a massive cooling basin for nuclear reactors.

1979, Anna Gyorgy et al., “Atomic Power, Nuclear Plants”, in No Nukes: Everyone’s Guide to Nuclear Power (Black Rose Books; no. I.49), Montreal, Que.: Black Rose Books, →ISBN, page 406:

Nukes Don't Pollute

2002, Home Power - Issues 86-91, page 121:

He calculates that nukes might be needed to power energy-intensive “large scale co2 sequestration techniques” as well.

2010, Andrew Nikiforuk, Tar Sands: Dirty Oil and the Future of a Continent, page 155:

We've analyzed employee manifests at all nukes, LNG, and refineries in the United States for Middle Eastern profile matches.

nuclear power station
nuclear power station


Bose-Einstein condensate

en-noun

Bose-Einstein condensate (plural Bose-Einstein condensates)

Named after physicists Albert Einstein and Satyendra Nath Bose

named-after

(physics) A gaseous superfluid phase of matter in which all the particles have the same quantum state.

Bose-Einstein condensate
en:Albert Einstein
en:Satyendra Nath Bose

συμπύκνωμα Bose-Einstein (sympýknoma Bose-Einstein)

конденса́т Бо́зе — Эйнште́йна m (kondɛnsát Bózɛ — Ejnštɛ́jna)


background radiation

en-noun

background radiation (usually uncountable, plural background radiations)

ionizing radiation that is naturally present in the environment.


chromatic

en-adj

chromatic (not generally comparable, comparative more chromatic, superlative most chromatic)

more chromatic (comparative)
most chromatic (superlative)

Borrowed from French chromatique (“chromatic”) or directly from its etymon Latin chrōmaticus, from Ancient Greek χρωματικός (khrōmatikós, “relating to colour; one of the three types of tetrachord in Greek music”), from χρῶμα (khrôma, “colour; pigment; chromatic scale in music; music”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to grind; to rub; to stroke; to remove”), perhaps in the sense of the grinding of pigments) + -τῐκός (-tikós, suffix forming adjectives); analysable as chroma + -tic.

der

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-chromatic.wav

(not comparable, optics) Having the capacity to separate spectral colours by refraction.


rheology

/ɹiːˈɒlədʒi/

Coined by American scientist Eugene C. Bingham in 1920, following a suggestion by a colleague, Markus Reiner; inspired by aphorism πάντα ῥεῖ (pánta rheî, “everything flows”) by Simplicius of Cilicia. Formed from Ancient Greek ῥέω (rhéō, “flow”) + -logy (“study of”, suffix ultimately from Ancient Greek). See also rheo-.

suffix

Curious as to whether other had explored the connection between Oreos and rheology, Owens found mention of a 2016 Princeton University study in which physicists first reported that indeed, when twisting Oreos by hand, the cream almost always came off on one wafer.

2022 April 19, Jennifer Chu, “MIT Engineers Introduce the Oreometer”, in MIT News:

(physics) The branch of physics that studies the deformation and flow of matter.

Markus Reiner
Panta rhei (Heraclitus)
Simplicius of Cilicia

reologia

physics of the deformation and flow of matter


flying saucer

From an interview given by amateur pilot Kenneth Arnold who described seeing nine flying objects that were "moving like saucers being skimmed across a lake". The description was not meant to describe the shape of the objects, only how they maneuvered, yet the misinterpretation took hold and gained popularity.

en:Flying saucer (confectionery)
en:flying saucer

Some connect the recent spate of flying saucer sightings with a rumored top-secret military aviation project.

An engram is NOT [...] One of the little green men Americans claim have crashed in flying saucers.

1950 December 6, The Sydney Morning Herald, page 3, column 5:

unidentified flying object
unidentified flying object

(informal) A disc-shaped unidentified flying object or UFO; originally in reference to sightings by aviator Kenneth Arnold in Washington in 1947.

թռչող ափսե

tʻṙčʻoġ apʻse


filtride

The filtride, i.e. the solid portions that are obtained from the filtration, adheres to the outer surface of the wire 2 and may be gathered, e.g. by means of a water jet, a doctor blade or the like.

2008, David Lindkvist, Method and arrangement for fixing an endless wire (US Patent application US20110233130A1):

After the monomer is consumed, the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature. Then, filtration is employed to separate the solid filtride from the liquid filtrate.

2014, Dylan J. Boday, Timothy C. Mauldin, Flame-retardant polylactic acid (PLA) by grafting through of phosphorus-containing polymers directly to PLA backbone (US Patant US9187597B1):

The precipitate was filtered out, and the filtride on the filter paper was washed repeatedly with distilled water until the filtrate became neutral. Soxhlet extraction using ethanol and diethyl ether mixture was performed to remove unreacted reagents.

2015 September, Yilei Wang, Ahmed G. El-Deen, Peng Li, Bernice H.L. Oh, Zanru Guo, Mya Mya Khin, Yogesh S. Vikhe, Jing Wang, Rebecca G. Hu∥, Remko M. Boom, Kimberly A. Kline, David L. Becker, Hongwei Duan, Mary B. Chan-Park, “High-Performance Capacitive Deionization Disinfection of Water with Graphene Oxide-graft-Quaternized Chitosan Nanohybrid Electrode Coating”, in American Chemical Society NANO:

(physical chemistry) The substance which remains on the filter after the filtrate passes through it.


unidentified flying object

en-noun

unidentified flying object (plural unidentified flying objects)

The phrase is usually attributed to US Air Force officer Edward J. Ruppelt (1923–1960) who coined it as a replacement of the terms flying saucer and flying disk.


complement

complement (countable and uncountable, plural complements)

From Middle English complement, from Latin complēmentum (“that which fills up or completes”), from compleō (“I fill up, I complete”) (English complete). Doublet of compliment. The verb is from the noun.

der

The complement of blue is orange.

(optics) The color which, when mixed with the given color, gives black (for mixing pigments) or white (for mixing light).


glory

en-noun

glory (countable and uncountable, plural glories)

From Middle English glory, glorie, from Old French glorie (“glory”), from Latin glōria (“glory, fame, renown, praise, ambition, boasting”). Doublet of gloria. Displaced native Old English wuldor.

der

(meteorology, optics) An optical phenomenon, consisting of concentric rings and somewhat similar to a rainbow, caused by sunlight or moonlight interacting with the water droplets that compose mist or clouds, centered on the antisolar or antilunar point.


radiation

en-noun

radiation (countable and uncountable, plural radiations)

/ˌɹæɪ.diˈæɪ.ʃən/

Borrowed from Latin radiatio, radiationis. By surface analysis, radiate + -ion.

It's Christmas at ground zero / And if the radiation level's OK / I'll go out with you / To see all the new / Mutations on New Year's Day

1986, "Weird Al" Yankovic (lyrics and music), “Christmas at Ground Zero”, in Polka Party!:


ufo

Reading of UFO as a word in its own right.


activation

activation (countable and uncountable, plural activations)

/ˌæktɪˈveɪʃən/

/ˌæktəˈveɪʃən/

(physics) The process of making a radioisotope by bombarding a stable element with neutrons or protons.


bottom

bottom (countable and uncountable, plural bottoms)

→ French: bottom

PIE word
 *bʰudʰmḗn
From Middle English botme, botom, from Old English botm, bodan (“bottom, foundation; ground, abyss”), from Proto-West Germanic *butm, from Proto-Germanic *butmaz, *budmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn (“bottom”). Cognate with Dutch bodem, German Boden, Icelandic botn, Danish bund; also Irish bonn (“sole (of foot)”), Ancient Greek πυθμήν (puthmḗn, “bottom of a cup or jar”), Sanskrit बुध्न (budhna, “bottom”), Persian بن (bon, “bottom”), Latin fundus (“bottom”) (whence fund, via French). The sense “posterior of a person” is from 1794; the verb “to reach the bottom of” is from 1808. bottom dollar (“the last dollar one has”) is from 1882.

سَالِب

gay sexual slang: penetrated partner in sex

(particle physics) Ellipsis of bottom quark.


bottom

en-verb

bottom (third-person singular simple present bottoms, present participle bottoming, simple past and past participle bottomed)

bottoms (present singular third-person)
bottoming (participle present)
bottomed (participle past)
bottomed (past)

(mechanics, intransitive) To reach or strike against the bottom of something, so as to impede free action.


dynamics

(physics) The branch of mechanics that is concerned with the effects of forces on the motion of objects.


miscible

en-adj

miscible (comparative more miscible, superlative most miscible)

more miscible (comparative)
most miscible (superlative)

From Middle English miscible, from Late Latin miscibilis (“that can be mixed”), from Latin miscēre (“to mix”).

der

(physics, of liquids) Able to be mixed together in all proportions.


sub

en-verb

sub (third-person singular simple present subs, present participle subbing, simple past and past participle subbed)

subs (present singular third-person)
subbing (participle present)
subbed (participle past)
subbed (past)

1997, Marina A. Lynch, S. M. O'Mara (editors), Ali D. Hames, D. Rickwood (series editors), Neuroscience Labfax, page 166,
Ensure that gloves are worn when handling subbed slides. Although the following protocol describes subbing with gelatin, slides may also be coated with either 3-(triethoxysilyl-)propylamine (TESPA) or poly-L-lysine for in situ hybridization.

(microscopy) To prepare (a slide) with a layer of transparent substance to support and/or fix the sample.


quantum cascade laser

en-noun

quantum cascade laser (plural quantum cascade lasers)

quantum after the behavior of electrons and photons, cascade for a series of small steps, describing an implementation of a laser.

A laser that operates by analogy with an electronic waterfall, with electrons cascading down a series of small steps emitting a photon at each step.


band

→ Japanese: バンド (bando)

→ Korean: 밴드 (baendeu)

Inherited from Middle English band (also bond), from Old English beand, bænd, bend (“bond, chain, fetter, band, ribbon, ornament, chaplet, crown”), from Proto-Germanic *bandą, *bandiz (“band, fetter”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰendʰ- (“to tie, bind”). Middle English band reinforced by Old French bande. Cognate with Dutch band, German Band, Danish bånd, Swedish band, Icelandic band (“band”). Related to bond, bind, bend.

inh

electromagnetic spectrum
electromagnetic spectrum

(physics) A part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

valence band;  conduction band

(physics) A group of energy levels in a solid state material.


entropy

en-noun

entropy (countable and uncountable, plural entropies)

First attested in 1867, as the translation of German Entropie, coined in 1865 by Rudolph Clausius in analogy to Energie (“energy”), replacing the root of Ancient Greek ἔργον (érgon, “work”) by Ancient Greek τροπή (tropḗ, “transformation”)).

der

A measure of the disorder present in a system.

(Boltzmann definition) A measure of the disorder directly proportional to the natural logarithm of the number of microstates yielding an equivalent thermodynamic macrostate.

(thermodynamics, countable) A measure of the amount of energy in a physical system that cannot be used to do work.

The capacity factor for thermal energy that is hidden with respect to temperature.


enzyme

en-noun

enzyme (countable and uncountable, plural enzymes)

From German Enzym, coined 1878 by the German physiologist Wilhelm Kühne from Ancient Greek ἐν (en, “in”) + ζύμη (zúmē, “sourdough”).

affix

en:proteinaceous or ribonucleic biocatalyst

(biochemistry) A biomolecule that catalyses a biological chemical reaction: either a globular protein with this function or an RNA molecule with this function.

Coordinate term: ribozyme

(strictly) The protein type specifically.

(Christianity) Leavened bread, as opposed to azyme.


Higgs

From Hick + -s. From Hick + the patronymic suffix -s.

The Higgs is the cornerstone of the Standard Model - the most successful theory to explain the workings of the Universe - and explains why all other particles have mass.

2012 July 2, Paul Rincon, “US sees stronger hints of Higgs”, in bbc.co.uk, retrieved 2012-07-02:

(physics) Ellipsis of Higgs boson.; named for Peter Higgs


Higgs

en-verb

Higgs (third-person singular simple present Higgses, present participle Higgsing, simple past and past participle Higgsed)

Higgses (present singular third-person)
Higgsing (participle present)
Higgsed (participle past)
Higgsed (past)

When the matter fields condense the U(1) gauge symmetry is Higgsed to #x5C;mathbbZ#x5F;n.

2015 February 26, Davide Gaiotto, Anton Kapustin, Nathan Seiberg, Brian Willett, “Generalized global symmetries”, in SpringerLink^(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/JHEP02(2015)172):

(physics) to make subject to the Higgs mechanism


ballistics

(physics) The science of objects that predominantly fly under the effects of gravity, momentum and atmospheric drag, and dealing with details of their behaviour at the origin and destination of their flight, as of bullets or missiles or rockets.


scatter

scatter (third-person singular simple present scatters, present participle scattering, simple past and past participle scattered)

scatters (present singular third-person)
scattering (participle present)
scattered (participle past)
scattered (past)

From Middle English scateren, skateren, (also schateren, see shatter), from Old English *sceaterian, probably from a dialect of Old Norse. Possibly related to Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to cut, split, shatter”). Compare Middle Dutch scheteren (“to scatter”), Low German schateren, Dutch schateren (“to burst out laughing”); and is apparently remotely akin to Ancient Greek σκεδάννυμι (skedánnumi, “scatter, disperse”). and Tocharian B kät- (“to scatter, sow seeds”). Doublet of shatter.

cog

Chasca's ring is unique. It appears to be, for lack of a better term, a massive piece of alien "installation art." The rings are made of small pieces of synthetic material, and are almost invisible from space. From the ground, they catch and scatter the light of Matano in picturesque ways. It is not known who created the ring or when.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Chasca planetary description:

(transitive, physics) To deflect (radiation or particles).


broomstick

Witches of all ages attended these lively gatherings by flying away on their broomsticks[.]

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 106:

She really was a witch now. No one but a witch could fly a broomstick.

Harry ripped the parcel open and gasped as a magnificent, gleaming broomstick rolled out onto his bedspread. [...] It was a Firebolt, identical to the dream broom Harry had gone to see every day in Diagon Alley.

1999, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, →ISBN:

Greebo, hiccuping occasionally, oozed into his accustomed place among the bristles of Nanny’s broomstick. As they rose above the forest a thin plume of smoke also rose from the castle.

2002, Terry Pratchett, Witches Abroad, page 97:

Most people are familiar with the age-old superstition that witches fly on broomsticks to their covens (though they were formerly also reputed to use shovels, cleft sticks, eggshells, ANIMALS and other means of flight).

2003, David Pickering, Cassell's Dictionary of Superstitions:

A broom imbued with magic, enabling one to fly astride the handle.


annihilate

en-verb

annihilate (third-person singular simple present annihilates, present participle annihilating, simple past and past participle annihilated)

annihilates (present singular third-person)
annihilating (participle present)
annihilated (participle past)
annihilated (past)

From Latin annihilō (“I reduce to nothing”), from ad (“to”) + nihil (“nothing”).

(particle physics) To react with antimatter, producing gamma radiation and (for higher-mass reactants, especially composite particles such as protons) lighter particles (such as pions, muons, and neutrinos).


blazar

Blend of B + L + Lac + quasar. Coined by astronomer Edward Spiegel in 1978 from BL Lac object and quasar, punning blazing from its optical presentation compared to usual quasars. Analyzable as blaze + -ar.

coin

supermassive black hole
supermassive black hole

(astronomy) A very compact quasar, associated with a supermassive black hole at the center of an active galaxy.

blasaari

astronomy: a very compact quasar, associated with a supermassive black hole


wave

From Middle English *wave, partially from waven (“to fluctuate, wave”) (see above) and partially from Middle English wawe, waghe (“wave”), from Old English wǣg (“a wave, billow, motion, water, flood, sea”), from Proto-Germanic *wēgaz (“motion, storm, wave”), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to drag, carry”). Cognate with North Frisian weage (“wave, flood, sea”), German Woge (“wave”), French vague (“wave”) (from Germanic), Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌲𐍃 (wēgs, “a wave”). See also waw.

cog

Gravity waves, while predicted by theory for decades, have been notoriously difficult to detect.

(physics) A moving disturbance in the energy level of a field.


motion

en-noun

motion (countable and uncountable, plural motions)

Inherited from Middle English mocioun, mocion, from Anglo-Norman motion, Middle French motion, and their etymon Latin mōtiō (“movement, motion”), related to movēre, from Proto-Indo-European *m(y)ewh₁- (“to move”).

der

perpetual motion machine of the first kind

perpetual motion machine of the second kind

Secondly, When a body is once in motion it will continue to move forever, unless something stops it. When a ball is struck on the surface of the earth, the friction of the earth and the resistance of the air soon stop its motion.

1839, Denison Olmsted, A Compendium of Astronomy, page 95:

(physics) A change from one place to another.


kine

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-kine.wav

It may be well to note that a mile per hour is equal to 44.7 kines, and that accordingly a sharp walking pace may attain 200 kines […]

1890, E/MJ, Engineering and Mining Journal, volumes 49-50, page 169:

(physics) The unit velocity in the CGS system, equal to one centimeter per second.


parity

en-noun

parity (countable and uncountable, plural parities)

From Middle French parité, from Late Latin paritas, from Latin pār (“equal”). Equivalent to pari- + -ty.

parita

math: classification into one set or the other

Senses related to classification into two sets.

(physics, countable) Symmetry of interactions under spatial inversion.


faster-than-light

en-adj

faster-than-light (comparative form only)

Faster-than-light drives use element zero cores to reduce the mass of a ship, allowing higher rates of acceleration. This effectively raises the speed of light within the mass effect field, allowing high speed travel with negligible relativistic time dilation effects.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: FTL Drive Codex entry:

(physics) Faster than the speed of light in a vacuum, the theoretical speed limit for travel within the universe.


transform

en-verb

transform (third-person singular simple present transforms, present participle transforming, simple past and past participle transformed)

transforms (present singular third-person)
transforming (participle present)
transformed (participle past)
transformed (past)

From Middle English transformen, from Old French transformer, from Latin transformo, transformare, from trans (“across”, preposition) + forma (“form”).

превръщам

in mathematics: subject to a transformation

(transitive, electricity) To subject to the action of a transformer.

трансформирам

in electricity: subject to the action of a transformer


time travel

(chiefly science fiction) Travel to the past or to the future, typically by means of a time machine or a wormhole.

пътуване във времето

hypothetical or fictional travel to the past or future


tachyon

Formed as: tachy- + -on, from ταχύς (takhús, “swift”, “rapid”).
Coined by American physicist Gerald Feinberg in 1967.

coin

(physics) A hypothetical particle that travels faster than the speed of light.

(physics) A flaw in a physical theory that predicts the existence of tachyons or similar paradoxical results. Compare with ghost.


time machine

H. G. Wells
The Time Machine
Time Machine

Coined by H. G. Wells in his novel The Time Machine (1895).

If I had a time machine / And if life was a movie scene / I'd rewind, and I'd tell me / "Ru-u-u-u-u-u-u-un"

2014, Ingrid Michaelson, Trent Dabbs, busbee (lyrics and music), “Time Machine”, in Lights Out, performed by Ingrid Michaelson:

(chiefly science fiction) A hypothetical device used to travel into the past or the future.


four-dimensional

We live in a four-dimensional universe.

(physics) Relating to the four dimensions of space-time (three spatial dimensions with the addition of time as the fourth).


sheath

From Middle English sheth, shethe (“holder for a sword, knife, etc., scabbard, sheath”) [and other forms], from Old English sċēaþ (“sheath”), from Proto-West Germanic *skaiþiju, from Proto-Germanic *skaiþiz (“sheath; covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *skey- (“to dissect, split”) (possibly from the notion of a split stick with a sword inserted).
The English word is cognate with Danish skede, Dutch schede, Icelandic skeið, German Scheide, Low German scheed, Norwegian skjede.

nb...

chethe, scǽð, scaþ, schede, schete, scheth, schethe, seaþ, seeth, seth, sethe, shæþ, shede, sheethe, sheith, (Southwest) ssethe, sseþe, (early forms) scæðe, scaþe, seaþe

der

(electrical engineering) The insulating outer cover of an electrical cable.


positive crystal

en-noun

positive crystal (plural positive crystals)

(optics) A doubly refracting crystal in which the index of refraction for the extraordinary ray is greater than for the ordinary ray, and the former is refracted nearer to the axis than the latter, such as quartz and ice; as opposed to negative crystal: one in which this characteristic is reversed, such as Iceland spar or tourmaline.


wormhole

1590s. From worm + hole. In the scientific sense, introduced by John Archibald Wheeler in 1957.

[…]where there is a net flux of lines of force, through what topologists would call "a handle" of the multiply-connected space, and what physicists might perhaps be excused for more vividly terming a "wormhole".

1957 December, Charles W. Misner, John Archibald Wheeler, “Classical Physics as Geometry”, in Annals of Physics, volume 2, number 6, pages 525–603:

Wormhole distortion has overloaded main power systems!

1979, Alan Dean Foster, Harold Livingston, directed by Robert Wise, Star Trek: The Motion Picture, spoken by Commander Willard Decker (Stephen Collins):

I think the wormhole that we used to travel here passed directly through this planet's sun.

2001, Ron Wilkerson, “Red Sky”, in Martin Wood, director, Stargate SG-1, season 5, episode 5, spoken by Captain Samantha Carter (Amanda Tapping):

(relativity) A hypothetical shortcut between two points in spacetime, permitting faster-than-light travel and sometimes time travel.

ثَقْب دُودِيّ

a shortcut between distant parts of space


breakdown

breakdown (countable and uncountable, plural breakdowns)

sınma

(countable) A failure, particularly one which is mechanical in nature.

(physics, uncountable) The sudden (and usually damaging) transition of an electrical insulator to a conductor when subjected to a sufficiently strong voltage, caused by the partial or complete ionization of the insulator; (countable) an instance of this; also, the minimum voltage at which this occurs.

läpilyönti

sudden transition of an electrical insulator to a conductor when subjected to a sufficiently strong voltage; an instance of this; minimum voltage at which this occurs


incident

Recorded since 1412, from Middle French incident, from Latin incidens, the present active participle of incidō (“to happen, befall”), itself from in- (“on”) + -cidō, the combining form of cadō (“to fall”).

The incident light illuminated the surface.

(physics, of a stream of particles or radiation) Falling on or striking a surface.


trajectory

/tɹəˈd͡ʒɛktəɹi/

From New Latin trāiectōria f (“trajectory”) (used by Newton), the feminine of trāiectōrius (“of or pertaining to throwing across”), from Latin trāiectus (“thrown over or across”), past participle of trāiciō, from trans- (“across, beyond”) (see trans-) + iaciō (“to throw”) (from Proto-Indo-European *(H)yeh₁- (“to throw, impel”)). Middle French and Middle English had trajectorie (“end of a funnel”), from Latin trāiectōrium.

der

(cybernetics) The ordered set of intermediate states assumed by a dynamical system as a result of time evolution.


onset

General American, Midland US, Southern US

From on- + set. Compare Old English onsettan (“to impose; oppress, bear down”).

cog

(acoustics) The beginning of a musical note or other sound, in which the amplitude rises from zero to an initial peak.


axial

en-adj

axial (comparative more axial, superlative most axial)

more axial (comparative)
most axial (superlative)

(physical chemistry, organic chemistry) Oriented parallel to the axis running through the centre of a cyclohexane ring, as opposed to equatorial. See Axial bond.


phase

From New Latin phasis, from Ancient Greek φάσις (phásis, “an appearance”), from φάω (pháō, “to shine”); compare phantasm and see face.

vaihe

rugby union: period of play between breakdowns

(physics) Any one point or portion in a recurring series of changes, as in the changes of motion of one of the particles constituting a wave or vibration; one portion of a series of such changes, in distinction from a contrasted portion, as the portion on one side of a position of equilibrium, in contrast with that on the opposite side.

փուլ

physics: point or portion in a recurring series of changes

(electrical engineering) In a polyphase electrical power system, one of the power-carrying conductors, or the alternating current carried by it.


conservative

en-adj

conservative (comparative more conservative, superlative most conservative)

more conservative (comparative)
most conservative (superlative)

From Middle French conservatif, from Latin cōnservō (“to preserve”). Equivalent to conserve + -ative.

(physics, not comparable) Neither creating nor destroying a given quantity.


press

en-verb

press (third-person singular simple present presses, present participle pressing, simple past and past participle pressed or prest)

presses (present singular third-person)
pressing (participle present)
pressed (participle past)
pressed (past)
prest (participle past)
prest (past)

From Middle English pressen (“to crowd, thring, press”), from Old French presser (“to press”) (Modern French presser) from Latin pressāre, from pressus, past participle of premere "to press". Displaced native Middle English thringen (“to press, crowd, throng”) (from Old English þringan (“to press, crowd”)), Middle English thrasten (“to press, force, urge”) (from Old English þrǣstan (“to press, force”)), Old English þryscan (“to press”), Old English þȳwan (“to press, impress”).

cog

(transitive, mechanics, electronics) To activate a button or key by exerting a downward or forward force on it, and then releasing it.


principle

From Middle English principle, from Old French principe, from Latin prīncipium (“beginning, foundation”), from prīnceps (“first”). By surface analysis, prīmus (“first”) + -ceps (“catcher”); the former ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *preh₂- (“before”); see also prince.

surf

Bernoulli's principle

The Pauli Exclusion Principle prevents two fermions from occupying the same state.

The principle of the internal combustion engine

Some poems, echoing the purpose of early poetic treatises on scientific principles, attempt to elucidate the mathematical concepts that underlie prime numbers. Others play with primes’ cultural associations. Still others derive their structure from mathematical patterns involving primes.

2013 July-August, Sarah Glaz, “Ode to Prime Numbers”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 4:

(physics) A rule or law of nature, or the basic idea on how the laws of nature are applied.


positive

en-adj

positive (comparative more positive, superlative most positive)

more positive (comparative)
most positive (superlative)

From Old French positif, from Latin positivus, from the past participle stem of ponere (“to place”). Compare posit.

A cation is a positive ion as it has more protons than electrons.

(physics) Having more protons than electrons.

مُوجَب

physics: having more protons than electrons


relative atomic mass

(physics) The ratio of the average mass per atom of the naturally occurring form of an element to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom. Symbol Aᵣ; abbreviation RAM or r.a.m. For elements with several isotopes, the most stable isotope is treated as the representative.


apoapsis

en-noun

apoapsis (plural apoapsides or apoapsises or apoapses)

apoapsides (plural)
apoapsises (plural)
apoapses (plural)

(astronomy) The point of a body's elliptical orbit about the system's centre of mass where the distance between the body and the centre of mass is at its maximum.