hypernucleus

(physics) a nucleus that consists of protons, neutrons and at least one hyperon, such as a lambda baryon


I-spin

(physics) Abbreviation of isotopic spin or isospin.


immittance

en-noun

immittance (countable and uncountable, plural immittances)

(physics, electronics) Either the impedance or the admittance of an electrical network, considered as alternatives.


CDM

CDM (countable and uncountable, plural CDMs)

cold dark matter
cold dark matter#English

(physics) Initialism of cold dark matter.


race rotation

(mechanics) The rotation of the inner and outer parts of a bearing race.


radiogenetics

The study of the genetic effects of radiation.


radiohalo

A microscopic spherical disturbance in a rock caused by a grain of radioactive material.


radiferous

containing radium (or other material used for radiotherapy)

(chemistry) constituting radium (esp. barium salts)


radon seed

A small glass or gold tube, containing radon gas, implanted in a patient as radiotherapy.


radioassay

An assay of an ore or some other radioactive sample to determine the intensity of its radiation.


radioluminescence

radioluminescence (usually uncountable, plural radioluminescences)

luminescence produced by bombardment with ionizing radiation


kerma

kerma (countable and uncountable, plural kermas)

Acronym for kinetic energy released in matter.

(physics) The sum of the initial kinetic energies of all the charged particles liberated by uncharged ionizing radiation (neutrons and photons) in a sample of matter, divided by the mass of the sample.


radioprotector

(chemistry) A substance, such as potassium iodide, that provides some protection against the harmful effects of radiation.


incandescence

incandescence (usually uncountable, plural incandescences)

Borrowed from French incandescence.
Morphologically incandesce + -ence.

(physics) the emission of visible light by a hot body


mu-meson

One instance of an unexpected result is the mu meson and its neutrino, which was not guessed by anybody at all before it was discovered, and even today nobody yet has any method of guessing by which this would be a natural result.

1965, Richard Phillips Feynman, The Character of Physical Law, M.I.T. Press, page 157:

(dated) A muon (kind of subatomic particle).


backscatter

backscatter (countable and uncountable, plural backscatters)

(physics) The deflection of particles or radiation through angles greater than 90 degrees to the original direction of travel.


daisy chain

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-daisy chain.wav

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) Placing several electrical or electronic devices in series by either their power connections or their data connections or both.


stopping power

stopping power
stopping power (particle radiation)

(particle physics) The retarding force exerted on a high-energy particle by interactions with the medium through which it passes.


induction motor

induction motor (plural induction motors)

(mechanics) An alternating current motor in which currents in the secondary wiring of the rotor are created by induction from the magnetic field of the primary winding of the stator.


autotransformer

One of the principal features of the ordinary configurations of the transformer [...] is the electrical isolation that exists between the primary and secondary windings. [...] Whenever large transformation ratios are involved, safety demands that ordinary transformers be used. However, in instances where the transformation ratio is close to unity (which minimizes the hazard), a transformer employing a single tapped winding may be used with notable advantages.
[...] This arrangement is called the autotransformer.

1990, Vincent Del Toro, chapter 2, in Basic Electric Machines, →ISBN, page 89:

(electrical engineering) A transformer with a single winding, its output being taken from taps.


ebb tide

The period between high tide and the next low tide in which the sea is receding.


perpetual motion

(physics) The motion of some hypothetical device that continues forever with no external input of energy, in violation of the laws of thermodynamics.


flood tide

Going forward and glancing over the weather bow, I perceived that the ship swinging to her anchor with the flood-tide, was now obliquely pointing towards the open ocean.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “Chapter 16”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

The 120-ton double-track bridge-ramp of the Harwich-Zebrugge ^([sic]) train ferry was seriously damaged when the ferry Essex was lifted on the flood tide to an abnormal height, but was fully restored on March 5.

1953 May, “British Railways and the January Floods”, in Railway Magazine, page 303:

The period between low tide and the next high tide in which the sea is rising.


perpetual motion machine

perpetual motion machine (plural perpetual motion machines)

(physics, pseudoscience) A hypothetical, pseudoscientific device that exhibits perpetual motion, especially one that does useful work with no input of energy.

perpetual motion machine of the first kind

perpetual motion machine of the second kind


inductive

en-adj

inductive (comparative more inductive, superlative most inductive)

more inductive (comparative)
most inductive (superlative)

From Middle French inductif, from Late Latin inductivus.

(physics) Of, relating to, or arising from inductance.


instanton

(mathematics, physics) A solution to the imaginary time nonlinear field equation of Yang-Mills theory; carries information about quantum tunnelling.

instantoi

A solution to the Yang-Mills theory equation


infrasonic

infrasonic (comparative more infrasonic, superlative most infrasonic)

more infrasonic (comparative)
most infrasonic (superlative)

(of sound waves, acoustics) Having frequencies below the human audible range


sound wave

(physics) The longitudinal wave of pressure that is transmitted through any plastic material; audible sound.

مَوْجَة صَوْتِيَّة

longitudinal wave of pressure transmitted through any plastic material


xanthine oxidase

en-noun

xanthine oxidase (plural xanthine oxidases)

(biochemistry) A crystallizable flavoprotein enzyme containing iron and molybdenum that promotes the oxidation especially of hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid and of many aldehydes to carboxylic acids and that is obtained usually from milk or liver.


infrasound

infrasound (countable and uncountable, plural infrasounds)

Elcor speech is ponderous and monotone. Among themselves, scent, slight movements, and subvocalized infrasound convey shades of meaning that make a human smile seem as subtle as a fireworks display. Since their subtlety can lead to misunderstandings with other species, the elcor often go out of their way to clarify when they are being sarcastic, amused, or angry.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Elcor Codex entry:

(physics) Sound waves having a frequency below the human audible range (below about 20 Hz).


quantum unit of spin

(physics) A constant used as a unit of measurement for particle spin, equal to Planck's constant divided by 2π.


quarter-phase

(electricity) Differing in phase by a quarter of a cycle; two-phase.


quarter-wave plate

quarter-wave plate (plural quarter-wave plates)

circularly polarized
circularly polarized

(physics) A sheet of birefringent material whose thickness is such that the light associated with the larger refractive index is retarded in phase by 90° with respect of that associated with the smaller refractive index; used to convert linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light.


sulfur nitride

(inorganic chemistry) an inorganic polymer, [SN]ₙ, that has metallic properties


diffraction pattern

diffraction pattern (plural diffraction patterns)

(physics) the pattern of lines or spots produced by diffraction; especially the two-dimensional pattern produced by X-ray diffraction that may be used to determine the structure of a crystal or of a crystalline compound.


orbital symmetry

orbital symmetry (plural orbital symmetries)

(physics, chemistry) The properties of an atomic orbital or molecular orbital that characterize its symmetry; especially those properties that are conserved in a chemical reaction.


interferometry

(physics) The design and use of optical or radio interferometers.

interferometrie

the design and use of optical or radio interferometers


internal energy

internal energy (countable and uncountable, plural internal energies)

(physics) A property, characteristic of the state of a thermodynamic system, the change of which is equal to the heat absorbed minus the work done by the system.


interstellar extinction

(astronomy) the dimming of light from the stars due to absorption and scattering from dust in the interstellar medium


intermolecular force

intermolecular force (plural intermolecular forces)

(physics, chemistry) any of the attractive or repulsive interactions that occur between atoms or molecules and become significant at separations of about 1 nanometer or less


X-ray diffraction

X-ray diffraction (countable and uncountable, plural X-ray diffractions)

(physics) The scattering of X-rays by the regular lattice of atoms or molecules in a crystal.

(physics) The diffraction pattern so obtained.


intermediate vector boson

intermediate vector boson (plural intermediate vector bosons)

fundamental particle
fundamental particle

(physics) Any of the three fundamental particles (the two W-bosons and the Z-boson) that transmit the weak nuclear force and have a mass about 100 times that of a proton.


interferometer

(physics) Any of several instruments that use the interference of waves to determine wavelengths and wave velocities, determine refractive indices, measure small distances, temperature changes, stresses, and many other useful measurements.


fusebox

A small distribution board containing the fuses or circuit breakers for a domestic electricity power supply.


nanotube

Shortening of carbon nanotube; A carbon molecule, in the shape of a tube, having a fullerene structure and a diameter of about 1 or 2 nanometers.


magnetic permeability

magnetic permeability (plural magnetic permeabilities)

(physics) a measure of the magnetisation of a material in a magnetic field; symbol μ. Materials with values less than 1 are diamagnetic those above are paramagnetic.


inverse-square law

inverse-square law (plural inverse-square laws)

(physics) Any physical law, such as that of gravitation, in which a quantity varies inversely with distance from a source as the square of that distance.


ion-selective membrane

ion-selective membrane (plural ion-selective membranes)

ion-selective electrode
ion-selective electrode

(physics, chemistry) a membrane (e.g. of a chalcogenide glass) across which an electrical potential differs according to the concentration of a specific ion; used in ion-selective electrodes and in electrodialysis


isentropic

(thermodynamics, of process) Having a constant entropy


isentropic flow

isentropic flow (plural isentropic flows)

(thermodynamics) An idealised fluid flow in which entropy remains constant throughout the flow, or along a particular streamline.


isoelectric point

isoelectric point (plural isoelectric points)

(physics, chemistry) the pH of a colloidal suspension or of an ampholyte at which the solute does not move in an electrophoretic field; symbol pI


isoelectric

Having equal electric potential, or the same number of positive and negative charges.


third rail

The locomotive third-rail pick up shoes are of the new standard S.R. type. [...] Whenever the locomotive was working hard there was unmistakable evidence of its higher power than its predecessors in the brilliant and explosive arcing between conductor shoes and the third rail; this was particularly vivid in Quarry Tunnel in the down direction, where the display equalled anything we have seen on the frostiest of nights in an electrified third-rail area.

1959 March, “The 2,500 h.p. electric locomotives for the Kent Coast electrification”, in Trains Illustrated, page 125:

Rumour is abroad that, foiled by the Central T.U.C.C. in its attempt to close the Westerham branch, the Southern Region is considering third-rail electrification of the line with second-hand material. [this never happened and the branch closed later in 1961]

1961 March, “Talking of trains”, in Trains Illustrated, page 134:

Although third-rail operation in the region dates back more than a century, it was in the 1970s that tunnels under Liverpool's city centre opened to bring together previously disparate routes.

2023 February 8, Tony Streeter, “Kirkdale: home to Merseyrail's new '777s'”, in RAIL, number 976, page 36:

The electrified rail that runs beside or between train tracks to power electric trains.

tercer carril

the electrified rail that runs beside or between train tracks to power electric trains

Today's rapidly developing third rail (at least in some states) is supporting driver's licenses for illegal immigrants, as favored by New York Gov. Eliot Spitzer.

2007 November 12, Jonathan Alter, “Congenital Lawyer Redux”, in Newsweek, page 48:

Despite ethnic resentment and suspicion, they [Ukraine's leaders] never contemplated breaking up the country. This was the third rail of Ukrainian politics, and very few were willing to touch it. Secession was taboo.

2014 March 29, Stephen Sestanovich, “Putin's reckless gamble”, in The New York Times:

(by extension) Anything that is dangerous to come into contact with, or is best avoided.


isotope shift

(nuclear physics) a small difference in the transition energies of isotopes that corresponds to a given spectral line transition


isobaric

en-adj

isobaric (comparative more isobaric, superlative most isobaric)

more isobaric (comparative)
most isobaric (superlative)

(thermodynamics) (of a process) having a constant pressure throughout


isothermic

(physics) (Of a thermodynamic process) during which the temperature remains constant.


spectral line

(physics) a dark or bright line in an otherwise continuous spectrum caused by the absorption or emission of light, at a single wavelength, by the movement of electrons between energy levels of an atom or molecule


isopycnic

From from Ancient Greek ἴσος (ísos, “equal”) + Ancient Greek πυκνός (puknós, “thick”).

(physics) Of points on a surface, or in a medium: having equal densities.


thrombin

en-noun

thrombin (countable and uncountable, plural thrombins)

(biochemistry) An enzyme in blood that facilitates blood clotting by converting fibrinogen to fibrin (by means of ionized calcium).


magnetic polarity

magnetic polarity (countable and uncountable, plural magnetic polarities)

(physics) the state of being a north pole or south pole; the magnetic equivalent of electric charge


magnetic monopole

magnetic monopole (plural magnetic monopoles)

(physics) A hypothetical particle having an isolated north or south pole; the magnetic equivalent of an isolated electric charge.


energy level

(physics) Any of the discrete stable energies that a quantum mechanical system (such as the electrons of an atom) can have.


isotone

Reinterpretation of the p in isotope as standing for proton, leading to a replacement with the letter n for neutron. Coined by German physicist Kurt Guggenheimer in 1934.

coin

(nuclear physics) Any of a number of nuclides of different elements that have the same number of neutrons.


repulsion

en-noun

repulsion (countable and uncountable, plural repulsions)

Borrowed from Middle French répulsion, from Late Latin repulsio, repulsionem, from Latin repulsus.

(physics) The repulsive force acting between bodies of the same electric charge or magnetic polarity.

отблъскване

physics: the repulsive force acting between bodies of the same electric charge or magnetic polarity


radiocarbon

A radioactive isotope of carbon, especially ¹⁴₆C


radiocarbon dating

radiocarbon dating (usually uncountable, plural radiocarbon datings)

(physics, archaeology, paleontology) A method of estimating the age of an artifact or biological vestige based on the relative amounts of the different isotopes of carbon present in a sample.


streamline

stroomlijn

meteorology: line that is tangent to the velocity of flow of the wind

(physics) A line that is tangent to the velocity of flow of a fluid; equivalent to the path of a specific particle in that flow.


J/psi particle

psi particle (canonical)
psi particles (plural)

(physics) A subatomic particle with an unusually long lifetime and a large mass; a bound state of a charm quark and an anti-charm quark.


anti-beauty quark

anti-beauty quark (plural anti-beauty quarks)

(physics, obsolete) The anti-bottom quark.


Jahn-Teller effect

Jahn-Teller effect (plural Jahn-Teller effects)

From Hermann Arthur Jahn and Edward Teller.

(chemistry, physics) A distortion of any symmetric non-linear molecule which reduces its symmetry and lowers its energy.

Edward Teller
Hermann Arthur Jahn
Jahn-Teller effect


anti-strange quark

anti-strange quark (plural anti-strange quarks)

(physics) The antiquark corresponding to the strange quark.

outo-antikvarkki

the antiquark corresponding to the strange quark


anti-down quark

anti-down quark (plural anti-down quarks)

(physics) The antiquark corresponding to the down quark.

alas-antikvarkki

the antiquark corresponding to the down quark


anti-top quark

(physics) the antiquark corresponding to the top quark.


anti-bottom quark

anti-bottom quark (plural anti-bottom quarks)

(physics) The antiquark corresponding to the bottom quark.

pohja-antikvarkki

the antiquark corresponding to the bottom quark


anti-charm quark

anti-charm quark (plural anti-charm quarks)

(physics) The antiquark corresponding to the charm quark.

lumo-antikvarkki

the antiquark corresponding to the charm quark


bound state

(physics) A composite of two or more particles that behaves as a single particle.

bundet tillstånd

composite of particles that behaves as a single particle


anti-up quark

(physics) The antiquark corresponding to the up quark.

ylös-antikvarkki

the antiquark corresponding to the up quark


salt marsh

From Middle English saltmarsh, saltmerssh, saltmersch, saltmerch, saltmersk, equivalent to salt + marsh.

After a succession of short runs through the salt marshes and vineyards of Languedoc, linking together many towns of considerable size, the "Catalan" joins the P.L.M. main line at Tarascon, [...].

1961 December, H. G. Ellison, P. G. Barlow, “Journey through France: Part Two”, in Trains Illustrated, page 750:

A marsh of saline water, found in the intertidal zone between land and sea, characterized by halophytic plants such as grasses and sedges adapted to periodic flooding with salt water.

saltmarsh

about twice as common as salt marsh in British English


Joule's law

From James Prescott Joule, English physicist.

(physics) The quantitative relationship between the quantity of heat produced in a conductor and the electric current flowing through it.


Josephson junction

Josephson junction (plural Josephson junctions)

From Brian David Josephson Welsh physicist.

(physics) a weak insulating barrier between two superconductors, used as an ultrafast switch


Josephson effect

From Brian David Josephson, Welsh physicist.

(physics) The zero-voltage current of paired electrons through a weak connection between superconductors.


junction detector

junction detector (plural junction detectors)

(physics) A device in which the detection of radiation takes place at the depletion junction of a reverse-biased semiconductor junction.


junction diode

(physics) A semiconductor rectifying device in which the barrier between the two regions of opposite conductivity (n-type and p-type) type produces the rectification. All solar cells are junction diodes.


junction transistor

junction transistor (plural junction transistors)

(physics) A transistor in which the emitter and collector barriers are formed by p-n junctions between semiconductor regions of opposite conductivity type.


p-type

If we lower the potential of the p-type region then we steepen the step and make it even harder for the electrons and holes to flow across the junction.

2011, Brian Cox, Jeff Forshaw, The Quantum Universe, Allen Lane, published 2011, page 168:

(physics) (Of a semiconductor) in which conduction is due to the movement of positive holes rather than electrons.


p-n junction

In this way a pn-junction can be used as a diode – it can allow a current to flow, but only in one direction.

(physics) An interface between a p-type and n-type semiconductor; used to create junction diodes and junction transistors


Cooper pair

Named after American physicist Leon Neil Cooper.

The fundamental requirement for superconductivity is the existence of Cooper pairs.

1991, Werner Buckel, Superconductivity: Fundamentals and Applications, Wiley, page 42:

This is because a superconducting state is composed of extended Cooper pairs. A coherence length, #x5C;xi, describes the extension length of a Cooper pair over which the two quasiparticles remain bound as a pair.

2000, Lynne Marie Merchant, Variation of the Superconductor Order Parameter in Quench-condensed Granular Films, University of California, page 8:

This is a direct macroscopic manifestation of the presence of a condensate of Cooper pairs in a superconductor.

2004, Ludovic Pricoupenko, Hélène Perrin, Maxim Olshanii, Quantum Gases in Low Dimensions, EDP Sciences, page 173:

(physics) A pair of electrons (or other fermions), of opposite spin, whose theorised behaviour is the basis of the BCS theory of superconductivity.


Kapitza resistance

Kapitza resistance (countable and uncountable, plural Kapitza resistances)

(physics) A resistance to the flow of heat across the interface between liquid helium and a solid that produces a temperature discontinuity.


Kelvin bridge

(physics) A specialized form of a Wheatstone bridge network designed to eliminate the effect of lead and contact resistance and thus permit accurate measurement of low resistances.


liquid helium

(physics) The liquified form of helium that does not solidify even at absolute zero; it shows unusual properties, such as superfluidity, due to quantum effects.


von Kármán vortex street

von Kármán vortex street (plural von Kármán vortex streets)

After Hungarian physicist Theodore von Kármán.

(physics) A double row of vortices in a fluid sometimes found in the wake of a cylindrical body (such as in a river, downstream of a bridge support), eddies being produced from alternate sides of the body.


n-type

(physics) (Of a semiconductor) in which conduction is due to the movement of electrons rather than positive holes.


XOR

(electrical engineering) A logic gate that implements "exclusive or".


three-way switch

three-way switch (plural three-way switches)

Named after its three electrical connections, as opposed to the two connections of a normal light switch.

(US, electricity) A type of light switch that can be arranged in pairs to control lights from two locations, as at either end of a stairway or long hallway; a double-throw switch. (British): two-way switch.


Kerr effect

From Rev. John Kerr, Scottish physicist.

(physics) Birefringence of a material induced by an electric field due to partial orientation of its molecules.


Kirchhoff's current law

From Gustav Kirchhoff, German physicist.

(physics) A law showing that electric charge is conserved around an electrical circuit:- At any point in an electrical circuit where charge density is not changing in time, the sum of currents flowing towards that point is equal to the sum of currents flowing away from that point.


Kirchhoff's voltage law

(physics) A law showing that energy is conserved around an electrical circuit: the directed sum of the electrical potential differences around a circuit must be zero.


Kirchhoff's circuit laws

Kirchhoff's circuit laws pl (plural only)

(physics) A pair of fundamental natural laws dealing with the relations of currents at a junction and the voltages around a loop.


salting

salting (countable and uncountable, plural saltings)

(UK, historical) The celebration of the Eton montem.


klystron

From Ancient Greek κλύδων (klúdōn, “surf”) + -τρον (-tron).

Then, he must misphase two klystrons, adjusting by equal and opposite amounts until the beam energy is correct.

1991, Richard B. Neal, The Stanford Two-mile Accelerator - Volume 1, page 541:

electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation

(physics) an electron tube used to amplify microwave-frequency electromagnetic radiation.


repeater

(ufology) A person who regularly sees unexplained sightings of paranormal phenomena.

avvistatore

a person who regularly sees unexplained sightings of paranormal phenomena


switchboard

(electrical engineering) A large piece of power-distribution equipment that directs electricity to multiple loads.


antilock brake

A brake fitted to modern road vehicles to prevent skidding and improve control by sensing and compensating for overbraking.


lanthanide contraction

lanthanide contraction (plural lanthanide contractions)

(chemistry, physics) the progressive decrease in the radii of atoms of the lanthanide elements as the atomic number increases; evident in various physical properties of the elements and their compounds


turgor

turgor (countable and uncountable, plural turgors)

Learned borrowing from Latin turgor, from turgēre (“to be swollen”) + -or (forms a third-declension masculine abstract noun from a verb root).

suf

(physics) The pressure produced by a solution in a space that is enclosed by a differentially permeable membrane.


Langevin function

en-noun

Langevin function (plural Langevin functions)

(physics) a mathematical function that describes the behaviour of paramagnetic materials and the dielectric properties of insulators


turbulent flow

(physics) A form of irregular viscous flow in which the velocity and pressure of the fluid fluctuates at random in both time and space,


laser cooling

(physics) the process of using the force exerted by a laser to reduce the temperature of a gas, or the spread of velocities of a beam of atoms


laminar flow

(physics) A smooth, streamline type of viscous flow in which the fluid behaves as a system of orderly layers, with no eddies or irregular fluctuations.


Larmor precession

(physics) The precession of the motion of charged particles, or particles having a magnetic moment, in a magnetic field.

拉莫爾進動

precession of motion of charged particles


magnetic moment

magnetic moment (plural magnetic moments)

(electromagnetism) The torque exerted on a magnet within a magnetic field; a vector, being the product of the strength of the magnet and the distance between its poles.


Lawson criterion

(physics) A necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the achievement of sustained release of energy from a nuclear fusion reactor; that the heating effect of the reaction should exceed the losses.


autocatalytic

(chemistry, of a reaction) catalyzed by one of its own products


autocatalysis

(chemistry) catalysis of a reaction by one of its products


Lenz's law

electromagnetic induction
electromagnetic induction

conservation of energy
conservation of energy

(physics) a law of electromagnetic induction which states that an electromotive force, induced in a conductor, is always in such a direction that the current it would produce would oppose the change which caused it; it is a form of the law of conservation of energy


Lagrangian

/læˈɡɹɑ̃ʒi.ən/

Lagrangian mechanics
Lagrangian mechanics

(mechanics) Relating to Lagrangian mechanics.

(astrophysics) Of or relating to a Lagrange point.


Lagrangian

/læˈɡɹɑ̃ʒi.ən/

(mechanics, specifically) A function summarizing the dynamics of a physical system, typically in non-relativistic contexts amounting to the kinetic energy minus the potential energy, L=T-V.

(astrophysics) An object residing in a Lagrange point.

Lagrangian point
Lagrangian point#English

(astrophysics) Ellipsis of Lagrangian point; a Lagrange point.

Lagrangian density
Lagrangian density#English

(quantum mechanics) Ellipsis of Lagrangian density.


scattering

(physics) The process whereby a beam of waves or particles is dispersed by collisions or similar interactions.


nucleation

nucleation (countable and uncountable, plural nucleations)

(physics) The first stage of a phase transition in a small region.


Planck

(physics) Used attributively in the names of various units, formulae etc. first devised or worked on by the German physicist Max Planck (1858–1947), chiefly in the realm of quantum theory.


charmed

en-adj

charmed (comparative more charmed, superlative most charmed)

more charmed (comparative)
most charmed (superlative)

(physics) Of a particle: having nonzero charm.


statistical mechanics

Coined by American scientist Josiah Willard Gibbs in 1884, with a presentation to the American Association for the Advancement of Science titled "On the Fundamental Formula of Statistical Mechanics, with Applications to Astronomy and Thermodynamics". He attributed the choice of the word "statistical" to James Clerk Maxwell.

coin

(physics) The branch of physics that uses statistical laws to make theoretical predictions about macroscopic systems of particles.


radiosterilization

(medicine) The sterilization (either of an organism, or a surgical implement) by ionizing radiation such as X-rays or gamma rays.


magnetorheological

en-adj

magnetorheological (comparative more magnetorheological, superlative most magnetorheological)

more magnetorheological (comparative)
most magnetorheological (superlative)

(physics) describing a substance whose rheological properties are modified by a magnetic field


ferrofluid

(chemistry, physics) A fluid, typically containing dispersed, nanoscale magnetic particles, designed to be magnetised such that its flow can be controlled by a magnet

járnvökvi

a fluid containing dispersed magnetic particles


rheological

rheological (comparative more rheological, superlative most rheological)

more rheological (comparative)
most rheological (superlative)


visible spectrum

electromagnetic spectrum
electromagnetic spectrum

(physics) The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum which is visible to the human eye (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet).

spectre visible

the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum visible to the eye


(physics) The radioactive isotope of strontium, ⁹⁰₃₈Sr, that is present in the fallout from nuclear explosions and, being chemically similar to calcium, accumulates in the bones

стронций-90

стронций-девяносто


dielectric

From dia- (“through”) + electric.
Learned 19th-century formation, coined by William Whewell (died 1866).

(physics) An electrically insulating or nonconducting material considered for its electric susceptibility, i.e. its property of polarization when exposed to an external electric field.


light-scattering photometry

(physics) any optical method used to measure the extent of the scattering of light by suspended particles or by macromolecules


bridging ligand

en-noun

bridging ligand (plural bridging ligands)

(physical chemistry) A ligand which is bound to more than one metal centre.


light panel

a surface that uses electroluminescence to produce light


linewidth

uncertainty principle
uncertainty principle

(physics) A measure of the width of the band of frequencies of radiation emitted or absorbed in an atomic or molecular transition; a result of the uncertainty principle.


electroluminescence

electroluminescence (usually uncountable, plural electroluminescences)

(physics) The generation of light by the application of an alternating current to a semiconductor or phosphor, or by an electric discharge through a gas.

elektroluminestsents

generation of light by application of an alternating current or by electric discharge


strangeness

strangeness (usually uncountable, plural strangenesses)

From Middle English straungenesse; equivalent to strange + -ness.

Coordinate term: charm

Mesons which combine the charmed quark with the up or down antiquarks are denoted the D mesons. These mesons carry explicit charm (i.e. have a non-zero charm quantum number), just as the K mesons carry strangeness.

2020, James E. Dodd, Ben Gripaios, The Ideas of Particle Physics, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 173:

(particle physics) One of the quantum numbers of subatomic particles, depending upon the relative number of strange quarks and anti-strange quarks.


condensation reaction

condensation reaction (plural condensation reactions)

(physical chemistry) any reaction in which two (or more) molecules react with the resulting loss of a molecule of water (or other small molecule); the formal reverse of hydrolysis

Kondensationsreaktion

reaction which results in a loss of a molecule of water (or other small molecule)


light-emitting diode

light-emitting diode (plural light-emitting diodes)

(physics) A rectifying semiconductor device which converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength in or near the visible spectrum of light.


relaxation

relaxation (countable and uncountable, plural relaxations)

/ˌɹɪlækˈseɪʃən/

Borrowed from Latin relaxatio, relaxationis; equivalent to relax + -ation.

(physics) The transition of a nucleus, atom or molecule from a higher energy level to a lower one; the opposite of excitation


apostilb

(physics) a unit of luminance, being the luminance of a perfectly diffusing surface emitting light at the rate of ¹⁄_π candela per square metre. Also known as a blondel.


thermodynamic temperature

thermodynamic temperature (plural thermodynamic temperatures)

(physics) Temperature defined in terms of the laws of thermodynamics rather than the properties of a real material: expressed in kelvins.

absolutní teplota

temperature defined in terms of the laws of thermodynamics


pogo

pogo oscillation
pogo oscillation#English

(astronautics) Ellipsis of pogo oscillation, a dangerous condition where fluctuations in the thrust and acceleration produced by a rocket engine generate variations in the flow of fuel to the engine, amplifying the fluctuations of thrust and acceleration in a positive feedback cycle that can eventually tear the vehicle apart.


stilb

Coined by the French physicist André Blondel around 1920, from Ancient Greek στίλβω (stílbō, “I glitter”).

der

(physics) a unit of luminance equal to one candela per square centimetre


soliton

(physics, mathematics) A solitary wave which retains its permanent structure after interacting with another soliton.


irrefrangible

en-adj

irrefrangible (comparative more irrefrangible, superlative most irrefrangible)

more irrefrangible (comparative)
most irrefrangible (superlative)

/ˌɪɹɪˈfɹænd͡ʒəbəl/


hydron

(chemistry) any hydrogen cation, e.g. a proton (¹H⁺)


hydroelastic

(physics) undergoing elastic deformation as the result of the flow of a fluid, especially that of water


repeat unit

(genetics) A specific sequence of bases that repeats within a nucleic acid (or of amino acids within a protein)


chemical kinetics

(physical chemistry) The study of the rates of chemical reactions, especially as a means of elucidating reaction pathways or mechanisms.


chemical composition

en-noun

chemical composition (countable and uncountable, plural chemical compositions)

(physical chemistry) The identities, and relative numbers, of the elements that make up any particular compound

化學成分

information about the elements of a compound


chemical energy

chemical energy (countable and uncountable, plural chemical energies)

(physical chemistry) The net potential energy liberated or absorbed during the course of a chemical reaction


chemical shift

chemical shift (countable and uncountable, plural chemical shifts)

nuclear magnetic resonance
nuclear magnetic resonance

(chemistry, physics) The change in the nuclear magnetic resonance frequency of a nucleus depending on its electronic environment; used in NMR spectroscopy to determine the structure of molecules.


epitaxy

epitaxy (usually uncountable, plural epitaxies)

(crystallography) An overgrowth in which the overlying crystal is either induced into the same orientation, or otherwise grows under the influence of the underlying crystal into the same orientation.


acyclic

en-adj

acyclic (comparative more acyclic, superlative most acyclic)

more acyclic (comparative)
most acyclic (superlative)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) Not cyclic; having an open chain structure.


carcerand

(physical chemistry) Any of a class of complex polycyclic compounds, based on calixarenes, that form a sphere within which a guest molecule may be held.


Madelung constant

en-noun

Madelung constant (plural Madelung constants)

(physics) A numerical constant used in determining the electrostatic energy of each ion in a crystal.


magnetic lens

(physics) a magnetic field with axial symmetry capable of converging a beam of charged particles of uniform velocity and of forming images of objects placed in the path of such beam


solid solution

(physics) Any homogenous crystalline solid, consisting of more than one type of molecule or atom randomly dispersed, in which the structure is independent of its composition.


magic number

(nuclear physics) The number of neutrons or protons in nuclei which are required to fill the major quantum shells, and thus produce exceptionally stable nuclei: 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82 and 126.


charged particle

charged particle (plural charged particles)

(electromagnetism, particle physics) Any particle, especially a subatomic particle, that carries an electric charge.


radiative

en-adj

radiative (comparative more radiative, superlative most radiative)

more radiative (comparative)
most radiative (superlative)

(physics) of, relating to, or occurring through radiation


ribonuclease

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ribonucleic acid.

ribonucléase

enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of ribonucleic acid


waveguide

A structure which guides waves, such as electromagnetic waves, light, or sound waves.


magnetic thermometer

en-noun

magnetic thermometer (plural magnetic thermometers)

(physics) a thermometer whose operation is based upon Curie's law; typically used to measure temperatures below 1 K


Curie's law

magnetic susceptibility
magnetic susceptibility

inversely proportional
inversely proportional

absolute temperature
absolute temperature

magnetic thermometer
magnetic thermometer

(physics) A law which shows that the magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic dipole is inversely proportional to the absolute temperature; the basis of operation of magnetic thermometers.


magnetic susceptibility

magnetic susceptibility (countable and uncountable, plural magnetic susceptibilities)

(physics) a measure of the magnetization of a material per unit of applied magnetic field


magnetocaloric effect

magnetocaloric effect (plural magnetocaloric effects)

(physics) the reversible change in temperature that accompanies the change of magnetization of a ferromagnetic or paramagnetic material


magnetohydrodynamics

(physics) the study of the interaction of electrically conducting fluids with magnetic fields; as in the Earth's core


nuclear magneton

nuclear magneton (plural nuclear magnetons)

(nuclear physics, electromagnetism) The unit of magnetic moment used to describe nucleons such as the proton.


Bohr magneton

From Niels Bohr, Danish physicist, + magneton.

(physics) A unit that expresses the magnetic moment of the electron.


magnetoresistance

(physics) The change of electrical resistance produced in a conductor or semiconductor on application of a magnetic field.


magnetooptics

(physics) the branch of physics which deals with the influence of a magnetic field on optical phenomena


magnetostriction

magnetostriction (countable and uncountable, plural magnetostrictions)

(physics) the change of length or shape of a ferromagnetic material when it is magnetized

magnetostrición

change of a ferromagnetic material when magnetized


magneton

From French magnéton, from magnetique + -on, equivalent to magnet + -on.

(physics) any of several units of magnetic moment of an atom, molecule or subatomic particle


spin wave

spin angular momentum
spin angular momentum

(physics) a wave, propagated through a crystal lattice as a result of changes in the spin angular momentum of electrons in the lattice


acetylcholinesterase

acetylcholinesterase (countable and uncountable, plural acetylcholinesterases)

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.


Maillard reaction

Maillard reaction (plural Maillard reactions)

/maɪˈjɑː(ɹ)ɹiˈækʃən/

Named after French physician and chemist Louis Camille Maillard, 1912.

named-after

If the surface temperature exceeds the boiling point, as it does during grilling and frying, the Maillard reactions produce typical roasted, browned aromas.

2004, Harold McGee, chapter 4, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:

condensation reaction
condensation reaction

(organic chemistry) The condensation reaction of an amino acid and a reducing sugar, followed by polymerization to form brown pigments - melanoidins; one of the causes of browning during cooking.


magnetron

(physics) A device in which electrons are made to resonate in a specially shaped chamber and thus produce microwave radiation; used in radar, and in microwave ovens


rainout

en-noun

rainout (countable and uncountable, plural rainouts)

(uncountable) Nuclear fallout deposited by means of rain.


phase separation

(physics) The conversion of a single-phase system into a multiphase system; especially the separation of a solution into two immiscible liquids.


deliquescent

en-adj

deliquescent (comparative more deliquescent, superlative most deliquescent)

more deliquescent (comparative)
most deliquescent (superlative)

Latin deliquescens, present participle of deliquesco; de + liquesco (“I melt”): compare French déliquescent.

deliquescent salts

[…] dew fell in sufficient quantity to make the streets muddy, and it would certainly have washed so deliquescent a substance as salt into the soil.

1846, Charles Darwin, chapter 2, in Geological Observations on South America:

(physical chemistry) Absorbing moisture from the air and forming a solution.


monoclinic

(crystallography) Having three unequal axes with two perpendicular and one oblique intersections.


triclinic

(crystallography) Having three unequal axes all intersecting at oblique angles.

三斜

having three unequal axes all intersecting at oblique angles


matrix isolation

(chemistry, physics) a technique for maintaining reactive molecules in an inert material at low temperature for spectroscopic study


McLeod gauge

(physics) a device, rather like a manometer, used to measure low pressures close to that of a vacuum, by using an application of Boyle's law


binding energy

en-noun

binding energy (countable and uncountable, plural binding energies)

(physics) The energy needed to separate the constituent parts of an atom or nucleus; equivalent to the mass defect.


Boyle's law

From Robert Boyle, Irish natural philosopher.

(physics) The observation that the pressure of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature.


mass defect

(physics) the difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of its individual components in the free state; equivalent to the binding energy

massavaje

difference between the mass of an atom and that of its components


combined gas law

(physics) a combination of Boyle's law and Charles's law which states that the product of the volume and pressure of an ideal gas divided by its temperature is constant


mean free path

(physics) The average distance travelled between two similar events; especially by molecules in a gas or liquid, electrons or phonons in a crystal or neutrons in a moderator.

keskimääräinen vapaa matka

average distance travelled by molecules in a gas or liquid


atomic pile

From the fact that the first nuclear reactor, at the University of Chicago in 1942-1943, was literally constituted by a tall pile (heap) of graphite moderator blocks. Compare also charcoal pile, a traditional improvised kiln used in charcoal making, which uses a similar basic design to contain a volatile process. The fact that English pile also is related to French pile (“battery”) (with senses of a collection of components and a power source, often both coinstantiated) has also been noted as an interesting nexus of word roots and semantic themes.

1948 The second atomic pile at the Government's research establishment at Harwell […] is expected to be brought into use this summer – The Times (London), May 11 1948, pg 2 col A

(nuclear physics) An early nuclear reactor fueled by uranium and moderated with graphite.

mile

an early nuclear reactor fueled by uranium and moderated with graphite

nuclear stockpile

semantically quite different from a nuclear pile


Charles's law

/ˌtʃɑːlz ˈlɔː/

Named after French scientist Jacques Charles (1746–1823), who first formulated it.

named-after

You can observe the effects of Charles's law in a heated room on a winter's day. The air near the ceiling is warmer than the air near the floor. When air is heated, it expands according to Charles's law, lowering its density and causing it to rise.

2015, Nivaldo J. Tro, Chemistry in Focus: A Molecular View of Our World, page 291:

(physics) The law stating that the density of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its temperature at constant pressure.

قَانُون شَارْلْ

physical law stating the density of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its temperature at constant pressure


nuclear aircraft

en-noun

nuclear aircraft (plural nuclear aircraft)

A proposed aircraft that would be powered by nuclear energy.


causality

causality (countable and uncountable, plural causalities)

[kʰɒːˈz̥æl.ɪ.tɪ]

From Latin as if *causalitas, from causalis (“causal”), from causa (“cause”). By surface analysis, causal + -ity = cause + -ality.

The agency of a cause; the action or power of a cause, in producing its effect.

But how do transformations like the evolution of language take place? A scientist looks for a cause inside time; a mystic knows that causality is essentially a process that is outside time-space.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 94:

But some discussion of the complex relationship between “allohistory” and sf is appropriate here, as the genres overlap in certain ways. Classical allohistory— such as Trevelyan's "What if Napoleon had won the Battle of Waterloo?" and Churchill's "If Lee had not won the Battle of Gettysburg" —is a rigorously consistent thought-experiment in historical causality.

2011 February 1, Istvan Csicsery-Ronay, Jr., The Seven Beauties of Science Fiction, Wesleyan University Press, →ISBN, pages 102–103:

The relationship between something that happens or exists and the thing that causes it; the cause and consequence relationship.


Meissner effect

Meissner effect (plural Meissner effects)

(physics) The total expulsion of magnetic flux from the interior of a superconducting metal when it is cooled in a magnetic field below a critical temperature, near absolute zero, at which the transition to superconductivity takes place.


nuclear energy

The energy released by a nuclear reaction; either through nuclear fission or nuclear fusion


membrane distillation

membrane distillation (usually uncountable, plural membrane distillations)

(physics, chemistry) a separation method in which a nonwetting, microporous membrane is used with a liquid feed phase on one side of the membrane and a condensing, permeate phase on the other


membrane separation

membrane separation (countable and uncountable, plural membrane separations)

(chemistry, physics) any of several processes for separating the components of mixtures by using thin barriers between two miscible fluids; any transmembrane force leads to preferential transport of one or more feed components


nuclear reactor

nuclear reactor (plural nuclear reactors)

Some newspapers in the United States, in Japan, and in South Korea printed photographs of North Korean nuclear reactors and nuclear plants, photos that were said to have been taken by U.S. military satellites. Most of the exposures were from a nuclear research establishment at Ninghian Chun in Pingan Beidao, only 80 km from Pyongyang.

1993 August 9 [1993 April 8], Zhongqing Tian, “Change in Overall Situation on the Korean Peninsula”, in JPRS Report China, number 93-057, United States Joint Publications Research Service, →OCLC, page 7, column 2:

(physics) Any device in which a controlled chain reaction is maintained for the purpose of creating heat (for power generation) or for creating neutrons and other fission products for experimental, medical or other purposes.


metal cluster compound

metal cluster compound (plural metal cluster compounds)

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, physical chemistry) any compound in which two or more metal atoms are bonded to one another


delocalized

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry, quantum mechanics) Describing the π-electrons in a conjugated, aromatic or mesoionic compound that are not associated with any particular atom or bond


cyclopentadienyl

(organic chemistry) The univalent anion derived from cyclopentadiene; contains a ring of delocalized electrons; forms metallocene compounds with transition metals.


moderator

/ˈmɒdəˌɹeɪtə(ɹ)/

Learned borrowing from Latin moderātor. First attested as Middle English moderatour.

(nuclear physics) A substance (often water or graphite) used to decrease the speed of fast neutrons in a nuclear reactor and hence increase likelihood of fission.


hydrolase

→ Polish: hydrolaza

(biochemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a substrate.


critical micelle concentration

critical micelle concentration (plural critical micelle concentrations)

critical micelle concentrations (plural)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) The well-defined concentration at which micelles start to form.


microwave spectroscopy

(physics) The study of the interaction of matter with electromagnetic radiation in the microwave region of the spectrum.


Arrhenius equation

Arrhenius equation (plural Arrhenius equations)

(physical chemistry) An equation which approximates the dependence of the rate of any chemical reaction on the temperature.


pyroelectricity

(physics) The generation of electric charge as a result of a change in temperature.


niobate

(inorganic chemistry) Any salt, XNbO₃, of the weak niobic acid.

niobičnan

any salt, XNbO3, of the weak niobic acid


amperage

amperage (countable and uncountable, plural amperages)

It seems to me that ampèrage cuts just as much of a figure as voltage. In the case of static electricity we find that between the conductors of a machine, where we can get a spark of 6 or 7 inches, we will have an electro-motive force of not less than 3,000 volts, and yet there is not one of us in this room but can take that through his body without injury, because there is no ampèrage to speak of.

1889 March 23, Journal of the American Medical Association, volume 12, page 421:

A "Deltic" has to be handled very carefully on starting to prevent the automatic cut-out from coming into operation. The maximum permissible amperage is 2,400 and that for no more than 60sec in any one hour; 1,800 to 2,000 amps may be used if necessary for up to 5min and 1,650 to 1,800 amps for up to 30min continuously.

1964 November, Cecil J. Allen, “Locomotive Running Past and Present”, in Modern Railways, page 338:

Draw in the location of the circuit breaker box, your workbench, doorways and windows, and label each machine with its amperage and voltage.

Amperage describes the amount of current in a circuit, which is the rate at which electric charge flows past a point in a circuit.

2015, James A. Langbridge, Arduino Sketches: Tools and Techniques for Programming Wizardry:

(physics) The electric current; charge transmitted per unit time, measured in amperes.


molecular cloud

molecular cloud (plural molecular clouds)

(astronomy) A large and relatively dense cloud of cold gas and dust in interstellar space from which new stars are formed


pyroscope

(dated, physics) An early form of pyrometer used to measure high temperatures.


GUT

Coordinate term: TOE

grand unification theory
grand unification theory#English

grand unified theory
grand unified theory#English

(physics) Initialism of grand unification theory or grand unified theory.


lens flare

lens flare (countable and uncountable, plural lens flares)

Lens flare is usually unwanted, but can be exploited for artistic effect.

A stray patch of brightness in a photographic image resulting from aberrant refractions or reflections within the lens due to an exceptionally bright light source, sometimes one just outside the image proper.


monoamine oxidase

monoamine oxidase (plural monoamine oxidases)

monoamine oxidases (plural)
as MAO (abbreviation)

(biochemistry) Either of two enzymes, found in the outer membrane of mitochondria, that degrade biogenic amines and are thus responsible for the destruction of transmitter substances at neuronal synapses.

monoaminooxidasa

biochemistry: enzyme that degrades biogenic amines


oxidase

From oxide + -ase introduced by Gabriel Bertrand.

The effects of hemoglobin in anemia and chlorosis, and even in tuberculosis, are due to its triple action; it acts opotherapeutically, through the blood oxydases, which it contains when properly prepared.

1915, “Hemoglobin in Anemia”, in American Medicine, volume 21, page 22:

(biochemistry) Any of many enzymes which catalyze oxidation reactions, especially ones using molecular oxygen.


mol

(chemistry, physics, dated) Alternative spelling of mole


muonium

(physics, chemistry) An exotic atom formed when a positively charged muon (an anti-muon) and an electron are bound by their mutual electrical attraction; chemically equivalent to a light, short-lived isotope of hydrogen.


exotic atom

subatomic particle
subatomic particle#English

(physics, chemistry) the equivalent of an atom in which either the nucleus, or an electron, is replaced by some other subatomic particle


Mössbauer effect

Mössbauer effect (plural Mössbauer effects)

After Rudolf Mössbauer, German physicist.

(physics) the resonant and recoil-free emission and absorption of gamma rays by atoms in the solid state; the basis of a type of spectroscopy with applications in both physics and chemistry


FTL

FTL (countable and uncountable, plural FTLs)

They had been slowly trailing the freighter for over a week, waiting for the ship to drop out of FTL.

2016, A.K. Brown, Jumpstart (Champagne Universe Series: Book 1), page 19:

(science fiction) Initialism of faster-than-light.


antihydrogen

antihydrogen (usually uncountable, plural antihydrogens)

(physics, uncountable) The antimatter equivalent of hydrogen, consisting of an antiproton and a positron (antielectron).

(physics, countable) An atom of the antimatter equivalent of hydrogen.


hydrogen cycle

the electrolysis or solar photolysis of water to give hydrogen and oxygen which are then recombined in a fuel cell to produce electricity


hydrogen electrode

hydrogen electrode (plural hydrogen electrodes)

(chemistry, physics) An electrode in which hydrogen gas is adsorbed on platinum.


hydrogen line

(physics, astronomy) a spectral line of atomic hydrogen having a wavelength of about 21cm; used extensively in radio astronomy


hydrogen-like

(physics, quantum mechanics, chemistry, of an atom or molecule) Having a single electron.


antielectron

From anti- + electron. Coined by English physicist Paul Dirac in 1928 using the spelling anti-electron.


hydrogen spectral series

en-noun

hydrogen spectral series (plural hydrogen spectral series)

(physics) Any of several series of spectral lines of hydrogen that correspond to quantum transitions between the various allowed energy levels of the hydrogen atom.


hydrogen spectrum

(physics) all the lines in the emission or absorption spectrum of hydrogen; each one corresponding to an allowed transition between quantum energy levels


hydrogen warhead

hydrogen warhead (plural hydrogen warheads)

a small thermonuclear device in the warhead of a missile


parahydrogen

parahydrogen (countable and uncountable, plural parahydrogens)

(physics) The form of the hydrogen molecule (H₂) in which the two nuclei have antiparallel spin; about 25% of hydrogen at room temperature.


I/O

In addition to the synchronous blocking I/O explored in the last two chapters, NIO also supports nonblocking I/O.

It reduces I/O latency, for selected eligible I/Os, to the point that z/OS no longer needs to undispatch the running task.

2021, Peter Kimmel, Sherri Brunson, Lisa Martinez, IBM DS8900F Performance Best Practices and Monitoring (page 22)

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(computing, electrical engineering) Abbreviation of input/output.


plastic flow

(physics) Any fluid flow in which movement is proportional to the applied force (above the yield value).


astatane

(inorganic chemistry) astatine hydride or hydrogen astatide, HAt.


Navier-Stokes equation

Navier-Stokes equation (plural Navier-Stokes equations)

Named after Claude-Louis Navier, French physicist, and George Gabriel Stokes, Irish mathematician and physicist.

partial differential equation
partial differential equation

(physics) A partial differential equation which describes the conservation of linear momentum for a Newtonian incompressible fluid.

Claude-Louis Navier
George Gabriel Stokes
Navier-Stokes equation


polane

(chemistry) polonium hydride, PoH₂ or H₂Po


ozone hole

Callis says that the ozone hole now developing over the Antarctic is as deep as last year's hole, but seems to cover a smaller area.

1986 November 6, “Air chemists braced for battle over ozone hole”, in New Scientist, page 22:

When [Richard] Stolarski double-checked, he found that the depleted region covered all of Antarctica—and the “ozone hole” was born. It wasn't an instrument error. It was a real phenomenon.

2010, Naomi Oreskes, Erik M. Conway, chapter 4, in Merchants of Doubt:

A region of the stratosphere over Antarctica (and a smaller one over the Arctic) that is depleted of ozone in the local spring.

ozonová díra

region of the stratosphere over Antarctica that is depleted of ozone in the local spring


chronon

(physics) A hypothetical quantum or particle of time.


unison

unison (usually uncountable, plural unisons)

From Middle English unisoun, from Middle French unisson, from Medieval Latin ūnisonus (“having the same sound”), from ūni- + sonus (“sound”).

der

The unison has a pitch ratio of 1:1.

The young principal timpanist, Timothy Genis, was superb throughout, though his sidekick timpanist sometimes lagged in the final unisons.

2007 July 16, James R. Oestreich, “With Levine as Tour Guide, a Journey Through Mahler’s Third Symphony”, in New York Times:

(music, acoustics) Identical pitch between two notes or sounds; the simultaneous playing of notes of identical pitch (or separated by one or more octaves).

unisoon

music: the simultaneous playing of an identical note more than once

I could not behold him without emotion; when he accosted me, his well-known voice made my heart vibrate, like a musical chord, when its unison is struck.

1751, [Tobias] Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: Harrison and Co., […], →OCLC:

(music, acoustics) A sound or note having the same pitch as another, especially when used as the base note for an interval; a unison string.


cationic

(chemistry) of, relating to, or being a cation


capillary action

(physics) The drawing of a liquid (often against gravity) into or up narrow interstices due to surface tension


alcoholate

water of crystallization
water of crystallization

(obsolete, organic chemistry) A crystalline salt containing alcohol in place of water of crystallization.


solvolysis

en-noun

solvolysis (countable and uncountable, plural solvolyses)

(physical chemistry) Any reaction, between a solute and its solvent, in which one or more bonds of the solute are broken; specifically a substitution, elimination or fragmentation reaction in which the solvent is the nucleophile.


alkanium

(organic chemistry) any carbocation obtained by hydrogenation of an alkane


methanium

(chemistry) the carbocation, CH₅⁺, derived by the hydrogenation of methane


bridged carbocation

bridged carbocation (plural bridged carbocations)

(organic chemistry) Any carbenium ion in which the positive charge is distributed among two or more carbon atoms, and the structure is best represented by one in which a hydrogen atom, or hydrocarbon residue, bridges these carbon atoms.


carbonium ion

(organic chemistry) a carbenium ion or any carbocation


alkanium ion

(organic chemistry) Any carbocation obtained by hydrogenation of an alkane.


carbenium ion

(physical chemistry) any carbocation containing a tervalent carbon atom


carbocation

Any cation containing an excess positive charge on one or more carbon atoms


amidium ion

Any cation formed by the addition of a proton to the nitrogen or oxygen atom of an amide or derivative.


helium dating

(archaeology) a method of determining the age of rock that depends on the production of helium during the decay of various radioactive isotopes of uranium and thorium.


helium flash

(astronomy) The sudden beginning of the burning of helium in the core of stars of intermediate mass or on the surface of an accreting white dwarf.


helium fusion

(nuclear physics) nuclear fusion involving helium nuclei.


neutral current

neutral current (plural neutral currents)

(physics) An exchange current which carries no electric charge and mediates certain types of electroweak interactions.


neutron scattering

(physics) any of several techniques that use the wavelike behaviour of neutrons as a scientific probe


neutron optics

(physics) The general field of study that employs the wavelike character of neutrons.


neutron diffraction

neutron diffraction (countable and uncountable, plural neutron diffractions)

(physics) The interference process which occurs when neutrons are scattered by the atoms within solids, liquids and gases.


neutron interferometer

neutron interferometer (plural neutron interferometers)

(quantum mechanics, nuclear physics) a device capable of diffracting neutrons and studying their wavelike characteristics

quantum mechanics; nuclear physics; quantum mechanics; nuclear physics


neutron spectrometry

(physics) The field of study in which neutrons are used as a probe for measuring the excited states of nuclides.


wavelike

en-adj

wavelike (comparative more wavelike, superlative most wavelike)

more wavelike (comparative)
most wavelike (superlative)

In 1923, the Prince de Broglie showed mathematically that particles, in turn, should exhibit wavelike properties, a prediction that led to the development of the field of wave mechanics.

1987 March 20, Thomas W. Ennis, “LOUIS DEBROGLIE, FRENCH PHYSICIST, WON '29 NOBEL FOR WAVE THEORY”, in The New York Times:

(physics) Having some properties or characteristics of a wave; used especially of physical particles.

aaltomainen

having some properties or characteristics of a wave


amine oxide

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compound formed by addition of an oxygen atom to an amine - R₃N⁺-O⁻, but sometimes written R₃N=O.


aminium ion

A cation formed by protonation of an amine - R₃NH⁺.


aminoxide

(organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry) the anion H₂NO⁻, and its derivatives R₂NO⁻, formed from hydroxylamines by loss of a proton

aminóxido

anion formed from hydroxylamines by loss of a proton


uncharged

(physics, chemistry) Not carrying an overall electric charge; neutral.


arenium ion

(organic chemistry) Any cation formed by the addition of a proton or other cationic species to an arene.


GRB

(astronomy) Initialism of gamma-ray burst.

In addition to the internet, you've definitely seen a GRB on-screen. There's Mr. Peanutbutter on "Bojack Horseman," who is literally a golden retriever, Lance the from gone-too-soon "The Other Two," Jake Peralta from "Brooklyn 99" and Ken from "Barbie" before he discovers the patriarchy/horses. They're zealous and corny, but their pride in their partners is remarkable and unfortunately not something all people who date men can expect from them.

2023 October 14, Olivia Luppino, “Why does everyone want to date a "golden retriever boyfriend"?”, in Salon.com, archived from the original on 2024-01-16:

Talk of golden retriever boyfriends ― preternaturally pleasant, laid-back guys who remind you of the beloved dog breed ― has been bubbling up online for a few years. And there's no shortage of golden retriever boyfriends, or GRBs, in pop culture. Joey Tribbiani from "Friends"? Big GRB energy. Puddy from "Seinfeld"? Oh, yeah, babe, he's a GRB. Channing Tatum, just as a person? GRB!

2023 November 29, “Taylor Swift Has A 'Golden Retriever Boyfriend' And Now Everyone Else Wants One”, in HuffPost, archived from the original on 2023-12-24:

The term first made the rounds on TikTok and the app formerly known as Twitter back in 2021, but thanks to some high-profile GRB representation this year—namely: Ken from Barbie and, of course, a certain NFL player who has recently become the new Mr. Taylor Alison Swift—this genre of male lover has never been in higher demand.

2023 December 5, Kayla Kibbe, “Fine, I Admit It—I, Too, Would Like a Golden Retriever Boyfriend”, in Cosmopolitan, New York, N.Y.: Hearst Communications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-01-16:

Golden Retriever boyfriend
Golden Retriever boyfriend#English

(Internet slang) Initialism of Golden Retriever boyfriend.


dipolar

(physics) Having north and south magnetic poles.

(physics, chemistry) Possessing a dipole.


NADP

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.


TPN

triphosphopyridine nucleotide
triphosphopyridine nucleotide#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of triphosphopyridine nucleotide.


nicotinamide adenine trinucleotide

en-noun

nicotinamide adenine trinucleotide (uncountable)

(biochemistry) An organic coenzyme involved in biological oxidation and reduction reactions.


non-Newtonian fluid

non-Newtonian fluid (plural non-Newtonian fluids)

(physics) a fluid whose stress at each point is not linearly proportional to the strain rate at that point; i.e. its viscosity depends on the applied shear force


DPN

DPN (countable and uncountable, plural DPNs)

diphosphopyridine nucleotide
diphosphopyridine nucleotide#English

(biochemistry) Initialism of diphosphopyridine nucleotide.


diphosphopyridine nucleotide

diphosphopyridine nucleotide (plural diphosphopyridine nucleotides)

diphosphopyridine nucleotides (plural)
as DPN (abbreviation)

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

(biochemistry) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide


coenzyme II

nicotinamide adenine trinucleotide
nicotinamide adenine trinucleotide

(biochemistry) nicotinamide adenine trinucleotide


triphosphopyridine nucleotide

triphosphopyridine nucleotide (plural triphosphopyridine nucleotides)

triphosphopyridine nucleotides (plural)
as TPN (abbreviation)


nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (uncountable)

The treatment in mice involved boosting their levels of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) – a natural protein that already controls DNA repair in our body.

2017 March 24, Tom Bawden, Not getting any older may be possibility after key discovery, in the i, № 1,975, page 15/5:


Newtonian fluid

Newtonian fluid (plural Newtonian fluids)

(physics) a fluid whose stress at each point is linearly proportional to the strain rate at that point


NAD

(biochemistry) Initialism of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.


arsanylium ion

(inorganic chemistry) the cation H₂As⁺ derived from arsine

(organic chemistry) any organic derivative of this cation


arsonium compound

arsonium compound (plural arsonium compounds)

quaternary ammonium compound
quaternary ammonium compound

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) Any compound containing a cation of general formula R₄As⁺; the arsenic analog of quaternary ammonium compounds.


atropisomer

(physical chemistry) Any conformer that can be isolated as a separate chemical compound and that arises from restricted rotation about a single bond, as in biaryl atropisomers. Synonym: atropoisomer.


benzenonium ion

benzenonium ion (plural benzenonium ions)

(obsolete, organic chemistry) A benzenium ion.


benzenium ion

(organic chemistry) Any arenium ion derived from benzene or its derivatives.


bromonium

The univalent H₂Br⁺ cation, derived from bromane.


bismuthonium

(inorganic chemistry) The univalent BiH₄⁺ cation, derived from bismuthane.


chloronium

(chemistry) the univalent H₂Cl⁺ cation, derived from chlorane


fluoronium

(chemistry) the univalent H₂F⁺ cation, derived from fluorane.


iodonium

iodonium (countable and uncountable, plural iodoniums)

(inorganic chemistry) The univalent H₂I⁺ cation, derived from iodane


arsonium

(inorganic chemistry) The univalent AsH₄⁺ cation, derived from arsine.


oxonium

(inorganic chemistry) Any univalent oxygen cation derived from water, the simplest of which is the hydronium ion (H₃O⁺).


block copolymer

block copolymer (plural block copolymers)

A copolymer that is a block polymer - adjacent blocks being multiples of different monomers


block macromolecule

block macromolecule (plural block macromolecules)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) any macromolecule composed of a linear sequence of blocks


block polymer

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) A polymer which is a block macromolecule.


bromonium ion

(chemistry) Any halonium ion in which the halogen is bromine.


onium

(physics) The bound pair of a particle and its antiparticle.


chloronium ion

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) any halonium ion in which the halogen is chlorine


halonium ion

(chemistry) Any cation of the general formula R₂X⁺, where X is any halogen.


fluoronium ion

(chemistry) any halonium ion in which the halogen is fluorine


iodonium ion

(chemistry) Any halonium ion in which the halogen is iodine


copolymer

Coordinate term: pseudocopolymer

(chemistry) A polymer derived from more than one species of monomer.


cage compound

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) any polycyclic compound having the form of a cage


carbanion

(organic chemistry) any organic anion of general formula R₃C⁻


isocyanide

(organic chemistry) Any of its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC.


dendrimer

(organic chemistry) Any polymer or oligomer having multiple branches of atoms strung off a central spine.


differential thermal analysis

differential thermal analysis (uncountable)

(analytical chemistry, materials science, physical chemistry) The branch of materials science that studies the temperature dependant properties of materials compared with some reference material.

analytical chemistry; materials science; analytical chemistry; materials science


differential thermal analysis

differential thermal analysis (plural differential thermal analyses)

(analytical chemistry, materials science, physical chemistry) The application of a thermoanalytic technique involving recording any temperature difference between sample and reference materials that are undergoing identical thermal cycles.


multiplicity

multiplicity (countable and uncountable, plural multiplicities)

In short , we are not replacing the old idea that “entropy is the logarithm of the multiplicity (times Boltzmann's constant). ” Rather , we are retaining that idea but are generalizing the notion of multiplicity.

1999, Ralph Baierlein, Thermal Physics, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 329:

... the maximum-entropy (maxent) solution is the one which occurs with greatest multiplicity.

1988, G. Erickson, C.R. Smith, Maximum-Entropy and Bayesian Methods in Science and Engineering: Volume 2: Applications, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 357:

statistical mechanics
statistical mechanics

(statistical mechanics) The number of microstates associated with a given macrostate.


bridgehead

/ˈbɹɪd͡ʒhɛd/

Calque of French tête de pont, equivalent to bridge + head.

(physical chemistry) Either of the two atoms in different parts of a molecule that are connected by a bridge of two or more other atoms


GIMP

GIMP (countable and uncountable, plural GIMPs)

superWIMP

the form of superWIMP that only interacts gravitationally

gravitationally interacting massive particle#English

(countable, particle physics) Abbreviation of gravitationally interacting massive particle.


stereogenic

(chemistry, physics) describing a grouping of atoms in a molecule

consisting of a central atom and four distinguishable ligands such that the interchange of any two leads to a stereoisomer

consisting of four non-coplanar atoms such that rotation about the central bond leads to a stereoisomer

consisting of a double bond with substituents which give rise to cis-trans isomerism

Vinylcyclopropanes with up to three stereogenic centers are readily formed in the reaction between vinylcarbenoids and alkenes.

1997, Aldrichimica Acta, volume 30, number 4:


deterministic

en-adj

deterministic (comparative more deterministic, superlative most deterministic)

more deterministic (comparative)
most deterministic (superlative)

(physics, of a system) Having exactly predictable time evolution.

determinista

having exactly predictable time evolution


degree of ionization

en-noun

degree of ionization (plural degrees of ionization)

(physical chemistry) the ratio of the number of ions of a solute to the total number of molecules of that solute in a solution


aggregation number

aggregation number (plural aggregation numbers)

(biochemistry, physical chemistry) the number of molecules that are associated together to form a micelle


refractive index

refractive index (plural refractive indices)

(physics) The ratio of the speed of light in air or vacuum to that in another medium.

折射率

ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to another medium


slow down

en-verb

slow down (third-person singular simple present slows down, present participle slowing down, simple past and past participle slowed down)

slows down (present singular third-person)
slowing down (participle present)
slowed down (participle past)
slowed down (past)

When approaching a bend in the road, slow down, and speed up after leaving it.

When the long, hot journey drew to its end and the train slowed down for the last time, there was a stir in Jessamy’s carriage.

1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published 1993, →ISBN, page 7:

Then came the war... and everything slowed down.

2021 October 6, Greg Morse, “A need for speed and the drive for 125”, in RAIL, number 941, page 48:

With a comfortable lead, the football team slowed down the tempo of the game.

A “moving platform” scheme[…]is more technologically ambitious than maglev trains even though it relies on conventional rails.[…]This set-up solves several problems […]. Stopping high-speed trains wastes energy and time, so why not simply slow them down enough for a moving platform to pull alongside?

2013 June 1, “Ideas coming down the track”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 13 (Technology Quarterly):

The elimination of vacuum-braked wagons would be slowed down, and the Western Region's flirtation with diesel-hydraulic locomotives was questioned.

2023 March 8, Howard Johnston, “Was Marples the real railway wrecker?”, in RAIL, number 978, page 52:

(transitive) To reduce the velocity, speed, or tempo of something.

បង្អែរបង្អង់

bɑŋ’ae-bɑŋ’ɑŋ


nuclear spectrum

(physics) The distribution of the intensity of particles or radiation emitted in a nuclear process as a function of energy - a unique signature of each process.


atomic battery

en-noun

atomic battery (plural atomic batteries)

(physics) any device that converts the energy of particles emitted from atomic nuclei into electrical energy


nuclear quadrupole resonance

nuclear magnetic resonance
nuclear magnetic resonance

(nuclear physics, chemistry) A technique, related to nuclear magnetic resonance, that allows detection of transitions of atomic nuclei in the absence of a magnetic field.


ohmmeter

electrical resistance
electrical resistance

(physics) A portable device for measuring relatively small values of electrical resistance.


nucleosynthesis

nucleosynthesis (countable and uncountable, plural nucleosyntheses)

(physics, astronomy) Any of several processes that lead to the synthesis of heavier atomic nuclei.

nucleosynthese

process that leads to synthesis in stars


nuclear battery

nuclear battery (plural nuclear batteries)

(physics) Any device that converts the energy of particles emitted from atomic nuclei into electrical energy.


nuclear chemistry

(chemistry) The application of chemical techniques to the solution of problems in nuclear physics, including the discovery of naturally occurring and synthetic radioactive elements and the results of nuclear fission.


speed up

en-verb

speed up (third-person singular simple present speeds up, present participle speeding up, simple past and past participle speeded up or sped up)

speeds up (present singular third-person)
speeding up (participle present)
speeded up (participle past)
speeded up (past)
sped up (participle past)
sped up (past)

The car sped up as it went around the corner.

(idiomatic, intransitive) To accelerate; to increase speed.

tezləşmək

increase speed (intransitive) — see also accelerate

tezləşdirmək

increase speed (transitive) — see also accelerate


carbon burning

(physics, astronomy) the nucleosynthesis process, in stars of greater than 8 solar mass that have exhausted their helium supply, in which carbon is converted to neon, sodium, magnesium and other elements


silicon burning

(physics, astronomy) the nucleosynthesis process, in stars where temperatures exceed 3x10⁹K, in which silicon undergoes photodisintegration to form fragments which in turn produce elements of atomic number up to 60, peaking at iron


oxygen burning

en-noun

oxygen burning (usually uncountable, plural oxygen burnings)

(physics, astronomy) The nucleosynthesis process, subsequent to carbon burning, in which neon disintegrates to oxygen which subsequently fuses to form silicon, phosphorus sulfur and other elements of atomic number up to 40.


LiBeB process

(physics, astronomy) Any nucleosynthesis process, the details of which are unclear, that accounts for the light elements lithium, berylium and boron which cannot survive in stellar interiors because they are destroyed by proton capture.


CNO cycle

carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle
carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle


hydrogen burning

(physics, astronomy) the nucleosynthesis process, in stars of less than 1.2 solar mass, in which hydrogen is converted to helium, deuterium and some lithium

Wasserstoffbrennen

process, in which hydrogen is converted to helium


helium burning

(physics, astronomy) the nucleosynthesis process, in stars with temperatures over 10⁸K, in which helium is converted to carbon and then to oxygen, neon and magnesium

Heliumbrennen

process, in which helium is converted to carbon


r-process

(nuclear physics, astrophysics) The relatively rapid nucleosynthesis process, in supernovae, in which a large neutron flux allows rapid neutron capture and synthesis of elements up to the transuranic elements.


nuclear physics

‘Revelation’, to a philosopher such as Plotinus, was not merely irrational: it led to second-rate counterfeits of traditional academic philosophical culture. It was as if the inhabitants of an underdeveloped country were to seek to catch up with western technology by claiming to have learnt nuclear physics through dreams and oracles.

1971, Peter Brown, The World of Late Antiquity: AD 150—750, Thames & Hudson LTD, published 2013, →ISBN, page 53:

The branch of physics that studies the nucleus of the atom, its internal structure and components.


carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle

(physics, astronomy) A group of nuclear reactions, that involve the interaction of protons with carbon, nitrogen and oxygen nuclei, thought to be the main source of energy in main-sequence stars of greater than 1.4 solar mass.

ciclo del carbonio-azoto

a group of nuclear reactions thought to be the main source of energy in main-sequence stars of greater than 1.4 solar mass


s-process

(nuclear physics, astrophysics) the relatively slow nucleosynthesis process, in giant stars, in which neutron capture synthesizes elements up to atomic mass number 210 (at which point alpha decay becomes a deterrent to further building).


poppet valve

This communication between the tank and pump is controlled by a float valve in the tanks and a cock in the pipe, while a poppet valve prevents the undrawn liquor going into the waste tank.

1900, Patents for Inventions: Abridgments of Specifications, page 75:

Chesapeake & Ohio's enormous L-2 4-6-4's with Franklin rotary-cam poppet valves boasted an engine weight of 221½ tons and were coal-minded Chessie's last bid to beat the passenger diesel with a reciprocating engine.

1959, David P. Morgan, editor, Steam's Finest Hour, Kalmbach Publishing Co., page 62:

(mechanics) A valve (as in an internal combustion engine) which consists of a sliding shaft with a disk on the end (the disk being shaped to alternately plug and unplug a matching port) and which is operated by springs and possibly cams interacting with the shaft.


Ohm's law

directly proportional
directly proportional

(physics) Ohm's observation that the direct current flowing in an electrical circuit consisting only of resistances is directly proportional to the voltage applied.


Zeeman effect

(physics) The splitting of single spectral lines into three (or more) in the presence of a magnetic field.


homopolymer

Coordinate term: pseudocopolymer

(chemistry) a polymer formed from a single type of monomer.


apochromatic

chromatic aberration
chromatic aberration

spherical aberration
spherical aberration

(optics) Corrected for both chromatic aberration and spherical aberration

apokromaattinen

corrected for both chromatic aberration and spherical aberration


air drainage

(physics, meteorology) The gravity-induced downslope flow of relatively cold air. Winds thus produced are called gravity winds.


airmass source region

airmass source region (plural airmass source regions)

(physics, meteorology) An extensive area of the Earth's surface over which bodies of air frequently remain for a sufficient time to acquire characteristic temperature and moisture properties imparted by that surface. Air so modified becomes identifiable as a distinct air mass. See airmass.


active front

(physics, meteorology) The boundary between two different air masses, or a portion thereof, which produces appreciable cloudiness and precipitation and is usually accompanied by significant shifts in wind direction.


air parcel

(physics, meteorology) An imaginary body of air to which may be assigned any or all of the basic dynamic and thermodynamic properties of atmospheric air. A parcel is large enough to contain a very great number of molecules, but small enough so that the properties assigned to it are approximately uniform within it and so that its motions with respect to the surrounding atmosphere do not induce marked compensatory movements. It cannot be given precise numerical definition, but a cubic foot of air might fit well into most contexts where air parcels are discussed, particularly those related to static stability.

hau takiwā

a small imaginary body of air within an airmass but with slightly different characteristics to that of the surrounding air


arctic front

(physics, meteorology) The semipermanent, semicontinuous front between the deep, cold arctic air and the shallower, basically less cold polar air of northern latitudes; generally comparable to the antarctic front of the southern hemisphere.

frente ártica

southern boundary of the Arctic air mass


isoenzyme

(biochemistry) Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but have different structures and physical, biochemical and immunological properties.


airmass

airmass source region
airmass source region

(physics, meteorology) a widespread body of air, the properties of which can be identified as: (a) having been established while that air was situated over a particular region of the Earth's surface (airmass source region) and (b) undergoing specific modifications while in transit away from the source region. An air mass is often defined as a widespread body of air that is approximately homogeneous in its horizontal extent, particularly with reference to temperature and moisture distribution; in addition, the vertical temperature and moisture variations are approximately the same over its horizontal extent.

气团

a body of air with uniform characteristics


optical flat

(optics) A disk of high-quality quartz glass having at least one side ground and polished with a deviation in flatness less than 50 nanometers all over, and a surface quality of 5 microfinish or less; used, in an interferometer, to measure the flatness of other surfaces.


advection fog

advection fog (countable and uncountable, plural advection fogs)

(physics, meteorology) A type of fog caused by the passage of moist air horizontally over a relatively colder surface and the consequent cooling of that air to below its dew point.


opalescence

opalescence (countable and uncountable, plural opalescences)

(physics) the milky iridescent appearance of a dense transparent medium when it is illuminated by polychromatic visible radiation (such as sunlight) due to local fluctuations in its density and therefore in its refractive index


metalloenzyme

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that contains a metal atom which is essential for its biological activity


mucopolysaccharide

(organic chemistry) Any polysaccharide consisting of alternating units of uronic acids and glycosamines, sometimes esterified with sulfuric acid.


anabatic wind

(physics, meteorology) An upslope wind; usually applied only when the wind is blowing up a hill or mountain as a result of local surface heating and apart from the effects of the larger scale circulation; the opposite of katabatic wind. The most common type anabatic is the valley wind.


isochromatic

(optics) Having the same colour or wavelength.


cirrocumulus

(physics, meteorology) A principal high-level cloud type appearing as a thin, white patch of cloud without shadows, composed of very small droplets in the form of grains or ripples. The elements may be merged or separate, and more or less regularly arranged; they subtend an angle of less than 1° when observed at an angle of more than 30° above the horizon. Holes or rifts often occur in a sheet of cirrocumulus. Abbreviated Cc.


strong interaction

strong interaction (plural strong interactions)

(physics) The kind of interaction caused by the strong force.


organoactinide

organometallic compound
organometallic compound

(chemistry) any organometallic compound of an actinide, especially one having an unusually high coordination number


altocumulus

(physics, meteorology) A fleecy cloud formation consisting of large whitish or greyish globular cloudlets with shaded portions, often grouped in flocks or rows. (Abbreviated Ac.)


rotaxane

(physical chemistry) A complex of two molecules, one ring-shaped and the other dumbbell-shaped, with the dumbbell threaded through the ring and having end groups too large to pass through the ring.

轮烷

molecular complex shaped like a dumbbell threaded through a ring


parahelium

(physics) The form of the helium atom in which the spins of the two electrons form a singlet state (a state with zero total spin)


ICF

inertial confinement fusion
inertial confinement fusion#English

Initialism of inertial confinement fusion.


latent heat

latent heat (countable and uncountable, plural latent heats)

(physics) The heat that is released or absorbed accompanying a change of state or of a phase.

calor latent

heat that is released or absorbed accompanying a change of state or of phase


regular star macromolecule

regular star macromolecule (plural regular star macromolecules)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) a star macromolecule having identical arms


star macromolecule

star macromolecule (plural star macromolecules)

(organic chemistry, physical chemistry) A macromolecule having a single branch point from which linear chains (or arms) emanate.


variegated star macromolecule

variegated star macromolecule (plural variegated star macromolecules)

(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A star macromolecule having arms composed of different types or numbers of monomers.


SSP

sound speed profile
sound speed profile#English

(hydroacoustics) Initialism of sound speed profile.


overpotential

One of the factors that limits their development and use is that known anode and cathode electrocatalysts produce useful current densities only at high overpotentials.

1998 June 12, Erik Reddington et al., “Combinatorial Electrochemistry: A Highly Parallel, Optical Screening Method for Discovery of Better Electrocatalysts”, in Science, volume 280, number 5370, →DOI, pages 1735–1737:

(physics) The difference between the electric potential of an electrode or cell under the passage of a current and the thermodynamic value of the electrode or cell potential in the absence of electrolysis


overvoltage

overvoltage (countable and uncountable, plural overvoltages)

(physics) The difference between the electric potential of an electrode or cell under the passage of a current and the thermodynamic value of the electrode or cell potential in the absence of electrolysis; overpotential.


Pascal's law

From Blaise Pascal, French scientist and philosopher.

(physics) The law that states that a confined fluid transmits externally applied pressure uniformly in all directions; the basis of hydraulics.


Paschen-Back effect

Paschen-Back effect (plural Paschen-Back effects)

From Friedrich Paschen and Ernst Emil Alexander Back, German physicists.

(physics) A form of the Zeeman effect that affects the spectral lines obtained when a light source is placed in a very strong magnetic field.

Zeeman effect#Strong field (Paschen–Back effect)


altostratus

(physics, meteorology) A principal medium-level cloud type in the form of a gray or bluish (never white) sheet or layer of striated, fibrous, or uniform appearance.


absorption line

absorption line (plural absorption lines)

electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation

(physics, astronomy) A spectral line that corresponds to the absorption of electromagnetic radiation at a specific wavelength; the pattern of such lines is characteristic of specific atoms or molecules in the path of the radiation.

absorptielijn

a spectral line that corresponds to the absorption of electromagnetic radiation at a specific wavelength


space group

Dorothy also learned to identify the space group of a molecule, an essential prerequisite for finding the structure, by looking for spots that were missing from the regular array in an X-ray photograph.

1998, Georgina Ferry, Dorothy Hodgkin: A Life:

(crystallography, mineralogy) The set of all symmetry operations that can be applied to a given crystal without changing it.


weightlessness

weightlessness (usually uncountable, plural weightlessnesses)

(uncountable) The state of being free from the effects of gravity (the force).


pepsin

pepsin (countable and uncountable, plural pepsins)

From German Pepsin, corresponding to Ancient Greek πέψις (pépsis, “digestion”) + -in.

der

(biochemistry) A digestive enzyme that chemically digests, or breaks down, proteins into shorter chains of amino acids.


uranous

(chemistry) Containing uranium in lower valences than uranic compounds.


uranic

(chemistry) Containing uranium in higher valences than uranous compounds.

From many other places in the classics the impression may be won that Uranic love attained a higher position even than her sister. More recent explanations of the homosexual instinct have emanated from philosophers, psychologists and natural scientists.

1894, Richard Krafft-Ebing (trans F. J. Rebman), Psychopathia Sexualis, page 341

The patriotic assassination that so glorified Harmodios and Aristogeiton was in a vengeance for what was a homosexual marriage, we may say, between the two youths—whose uranic love was so virilized.

1908, Edward Prime-Stevenson, The Intersexes A History of Similisexualism as a Problem in Social Life, page 189:

But the fact was that ever since Frederick the Great had forbidden women to his Praetorian Guard in the 1750s, obliging the guards to seek the company of boys for their pleasure, Berlin had been identified with soldierly inversion and uranic sexuality. Paragraph 175 of the Federal Criminal Code still forbade all homosexual activity but there were so many male prostitutes in Berlin […] that the law was more or less unenforceable.

(rare, historical) Of, related to, or characteristic of male same-sex erotic desire and relationships; homosexual.


tropylium

en-noun

tropylium (usually uncountable, plural tropyliums)

(organic chemistry) The delocalized carbenium ion cycloheptatrienylium, C₇H₇⁺, derived from cycloheptatriene, or any of its derivatives.


long-lived

en-adj

long-lived (comparative more long-lived, superlative most long-lived)

more long-lived (comparative)
most long-lived (superlative)

From Middle English long-lifed, equivalent to long + life + -ed.

Of a radioisotope: having a long half-life


brachytherapy

en-noun

brachytherapy (countable and uncountable, plural brachytherapies)

From Ancient Greek βραχύς (brakhús, “short, not far off”) + θεραπεία (therapeía, “attendance, treatment, healing, service”); brachy- + therapy.

der

Coordinate term: teletherapy

Radiotherapy using radioactive sources positioned within (or close to) the treatment volume, typically with radiopharmaceuticals as opposed to external-beam sources.


teletherapy

en-noun

teletherapy (countable and uncountable, plural teletherapies)

From tele- + therapy; formed circa the 1940s.

Coordinate term: brachytherapy

Radiotherapy using a source of ionizing radiation at some distance from the patient, typically tens of centimetres.


tapping

tapping (countable and uncountable, plural tappings)

The essential feature is that two adjacent transformer tappings are connected to the load simultaneously, each connection having a self-excited transductor in series; […].

1962 June, “Talking of Trains: Notable new locomotives”, in Modern Railways, page 373:

electrical engineering
electrical engineering

(electrical engineering) A connection made to some point between the end terminals of a transformer coil or other component.


heat engine

(thermodynamics) Any device which converts heat energy into mechanical work, by moving heat from a source to a sink.


lithium deuteride

thermonuclear weapon
thermonuclear weapon

(inorganic chemistry) a form of lithium hydride in which the normal hydrogen is replaced with deuterium; used in thermonuclear weapons


LDA

LDA (countable and uncountable, plural LDAs)

Although widely successful, these methods depend on the mixing parameters and are computationally more expensive than local/semilocal functionals such as the local density approximation (LDA) or generalized gradient approximation.

2016 April 26, Jie Ma, Lin-Wang Wang, “Using Wannier functions to improve solid band gap predictions in density functional theory”, in Scientific Reports, volume 6, →DOI, article 24924, page 1:

local-density approximation
w:local-density approximation

(physics) Initialism of local-density approximation.

low-density amorphous ice
low-density amorphous ice#English

(physics, chemistry) Initialism of low-density amorphous ice.; a form of H₂O water ice, with a density less than that of liquid water, but denser than the usual crystalline ice


lithium-drifted silicon detector

lithium-drifted silicon detector (plural lithium-drifted silicon detectors)

lithium-drifted silicon detectors (plural)

(physics, astronomy) a radiation detector used in astrophysics, nuclear physics, imaging and X-ray spectroscopy


carbinyl

(obsolete, physical chemistry) carbenium ion


bombardment

bombardment (countable and uncountable, plural bombardments)

(physics) the incidence of an intense stream of high-energy particles directed at a substance

hiukkaspommitus

incidence of stream of high-energy particles


(physics) a radioactive isotopes of carbon, ¹⁴₆C, having six protons and eight neutrons; it is used in radiocarbon dating


electrolytic

A battery, capacitor or other similar device


boride

(inorganic chemistry) any binary compound of boron and a more electropositive element


fulgurous

/ˈfʊl.ɡɪə.ɹəs/


susceptibility

susceptibility (countable and uncountable, plural susceptibilities)

(physics) electric susceptibility, a measure of how easily a dielectric polarizes in response to an external electric field (compare permittivity).


period doubling

period doubling (usually uncountable, plural period doublings)

(physics) A characteristic of the transition of a system or process from regular motion to chaos, in which the period of one of its parameters is seen to double.


compression set

compression set (plural compression sets)

The tendency of soft materials, such as elastomers, to undergo permanent deformation; the tendency of such materials to have a memory or to lose their ability to recover in a completely elastic manner.


oxidoreductase

From its morphology, oxido- + reductase.

It remains to be seen whether oxidoreductase deficiency is a significant cause of non-syndromic ambiguous genitalia in newborn females and undermasculinized males of unknown diagnosis as assessed by urinary steroid analyses.

2011, Charles G. D. Brook, Peter Clayton, Rosalind Brown, Brook's Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology, page 196:

(biochemistry) Any enzyme that catalyzes an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction.


Geneva wheel

(mechanics) A mechanism that translates a continuous rotation into an intermittent rotary motion.


permeance

permeance (usually uncountable, plural permeances)

From stem of Latin permeare (“to penetrate”) + -ance.

(physics) The reciprocal of reluctance in a magnetic circuit; the analogue of conductance in an electrical circuit.


permittivity

(physics) A property of a dielectric medium that determines the forces that electric charges placed in the medium exert on each other.