haar

en-noun

haar (countable and uncountable, plural haars)

Attested since the late 17th century, alongside Scots haar (“cold easterly wind; misty wind; cold fog or mist”).
Perhaps ultimately from Middle Dutch hare (“cold wind”) or a related Low German word; compare Dutch harig (“windy; foggy, misty”), Saterland Frisian harig (“misty”).
Alternatively, perhaps simply a northern English or Scottish variant of hoar, or a borrowing of Old Norse hárr (“hoary”).

cog

The traffic noise used to be constant, at times as thick as the haar, the sea fog that sometimes rolls in here from the North Sea.

2020, David Farrier, “The Insatiable Road”, in Footprints, 4th estate, →ISBN:

(especially Northern England, Scotland) Thick, cold, wet fog along the northeastern coast of Northern England and Scotland.


fog

en-noun

fog (countable and uncountable, plural fogs)

Origin uncertain; but probably of North Germanic origin. Probably either a back-formation from foggy (“covered with tall grass; thick, marshy”), from the earlier-attested fog (“tall grass”) (see below), or from or related to Danish fog (“spray, shower, drift, storm”), related to Icelandic fok (“spray, any light thing tossed by the wind, snowdrift”), Icelandic fjúka (“to blow, drive”), from Proto-Germanic *feukaną (“to whisk, blow”), from Proto-Indo-European *pug- (“billow, bulge, drift”), from *pew-, *pow- (“to blow, drift, billow”), in which case related to German fauchen (“to hiss, spit, spray”).

der

He did so many drugs, he was still in a fog three months after going through detox.

I was on my way to the door, but all at once, through the fog in my head, I began to sight one reef that I hadn't paid any attention to afore.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter IV, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

(figurative) A state of mind characterized by lethargy and confusion.

zamlžení

be in a fog — быть как в тумане (bytʹ kak v tumane)


smog

en-verb

smog (third-person singular simple present smogs, present participle smogging, simple past and past participle smogged)

smogs (present singular third-person)
smogging (participle present)
smogged (participle past)
smogged (past)

If the car is more than five years old, you'll have to have it smogged before you can register it.

(informal) To get a smog check; to check a vehicle or have it checked for emissions.


haze

en-noun

haze (usually uncountable, plural hazes)

* The earliest instances are of the latter part of the 17th century.
* Possibly back-formation from hazy.
* Compare Old Norse höss (“grey”), akin to Old English hasu (“gray”).
Origin unknown; there is nothing to connect the word with Old English hasu.

мътност

loss of transparency in a clear solid or liquid

Our hopes, however, soon vanished; for before eight o'clock, the serenity of the sky was changed into a thick haze, accompanied with rain.

1772 December, James Cook, chapter 2, in A Voyage Towards the South Pole and Around the World, volume 1:

A blue haze, half dust, half mist, touched the long valley with mystery.

Since the mid-1980s, when Indonesia first began to clear its bountiful forests on an industrial scale in favour of lucrative palm-oil plantations, “haze” has become an almost annual occurrence in South-East Asia.

2013 June 29, “Unspontaneous combustion”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 29:

Very fine solid particles (smoke, dust) or liquid droplets (moisture) suspended in the air, slightly limiting visibility. (Compare fog, mist.)

عَجَاج

very fine particles suspended in the air


soup

soup (countable and uncountable, plural soups)

→ Tamil: சூப் (cūp)

→ Thai: ซุป (súp)

Wikiquote
The noun is from Middle English soupe, sowpe, from Old French soupe, souppe, sope, from Late Latin suppa (“sopped bread”), from Proto-Germanic *supô (compare Middle Dutch sope (“broth”)). Doublet of zuppa. See also sop and supper.
The verb is from the noun.

(figuratively) Any mixture or substance suggestive of soup consistency.

(slang) Thick fog or cloud (also pea soup).


mist

mist (countable and uncountable, plural mists)

The noun is from Middle English mist, from Old English mist (“mist; darkness; dimness (of eyesight)”), from Proto-Germanic *mihstaz (“mist, fog”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃migʰstos, from the root *h₃meygʰ- (“cloud, fog, drizzle”). Cognate with Scots mist (“mist, fog”), West Frisian mist (“mist”), Dutch mist (“mist”), Swedish mist (“mist, fog”), Icelandic mistur (“mist”), West Frisian miegelje (“to drizzle”), Dutch dialectal miggelen, miegelen (“to drizzle”), Lithuanian miglà (“fog”), Sanskrit मेघ (megha, “cloud”), Russian мгла (mgla, “fog, haze”).
The verb is from Middle English misten, from Old English mistian.

inh

It was difficult to see through the morning mist.

(countable, uncountable) Water or other liquid finely suspended in air. (Compare fog, haze.)

メニ

water or other liquid finely suspended in air


fret

en-verb

fret (third-person singular simple present frets, present participle fretting, simple past fretted or fret or frate, past participle fretted or (usually in compounds) fretten)

frets (present singular third-person)
fretting (participle present)
fretted (past)
fret (past)
frate (past)
fretted (participle past)
fretten (in-compounds participle past usually)

From Middle English frēten (“to eat (at), corrode, destroy, annoy”), from Old English fretan (“to eat up, devour; to fret; to break, burst”), from Proto-West Germanic *fraetan, from Proto-Germanic *fraetaną (“to consume, devour, eat up”), from Proto-Germanic *fra- (“for-, prefix meaning ‘completely, fully’”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forward, toward”)) + *etaną (“to eat”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”)).
The senses meaning “to chafe, rub” could also be due to sound-association with Anglo-Norman *freiter (modern dialectal French fretter), from Vulgar Latin *frictāre, frequentative of Latin fricāre, from fricō (“to chafe, rub”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH- (“to cut”); compare Old French froter (modern French frotter). The chief difficulty is the lack of evidence of the Old French word.
cognates
*Dutch vreten, fretten (“to devour, hog, wolf”)
*Low German freten (“to eat up”)
*German fressen (“to devour, gobble up, guzzle”)
*Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (fraitan, “to devour”)
*Swedish fräta (“to eat away, corrode, fret”)
*Danish fråse (“to gorge”)

cog

If their Cherries are full ripe and ſweet, they put only a Pound and an half of good Sugar to each gallon of Liquor, ſtir it well together, and cover it cloſe, and ſtir it no more till the next Day, then pour it carefully off the Lees as before; then let it ſtand again, and do the ſame the next Day into the Veſſel they keep it in: This may be repeated oftner, if they ſee the Lees are groſs, and like to make it fret when it is ſettled, then ſtop it up till ſeven or eight Months are paſs'd; at which time if perfectly fine, they bottle it; [...]

1725, [Noël] Chomel, “CHERRY-WINE”, in R[ichard] Bradley, editor, Dictionaire Oeconomique: Or, The Family Dictionary. […], volume I (A–H), London: […] D[aniel] Midwinter, […], →OCLC:

It is important to allow beer to flatten, after it has ceased working. This is accomplished by leaving the casks open, when the small floating particles of yeast part with their fixed air, lose their buoyancy, and sink to the bottom. [...] The beer having thus deposited its remaining yeast will not be liable to fret.

1856, “The Art of Brewing”, in The Brewer: A Familiar Treatise on the Art of Brewing, with Directions for the Selection of Malt and Hops, &c., &c.: Instructions for Making Cider and British Wines: Also, a Description of the New and Improved Brewing Saccharometer and Slide Rule, with Full Instructions for Their Use, London: William R[obert] Loftus, 6, Beaufoy Terrace, Edgeware Road, →OCLC, page 50:

secondary fermentation
secondary fermentation

(intransitive, brewing, oenology) To have secondary fermentation (fermentation occurring after the conversion of sugar to alcohol in beers and wine) take place.


fret

Attested since the mid-1800s, of unknown origin. Perhaps related to fret (“to form a pattern upon”), fret (“to consume”) (as the fog does the land), or fret (“to agitate the surface of water”) (as the wind which blows the fog inland does); compare the semantics of haar (“cold wind; misty wind; fog, mist”). Dialectally, the spelling freet and pronunciation /fɹit/ are also found, as they also are for fret (“consume; agitate”).

unknown

of unknown origin

The wind brings a fret off the ocean; not cold, but achingly damp.

2008, Trezza Azzopardi, Winterton Blue: A Novel, page 14:

(Northumbria) A fog or mist at sea, or coming inland from the sea.


foggy

en-adj

foggy (comparative foggier, superlative foggiest)

foggier (comparative)
foggiest (superlative)

From fog + -y, originally in the sense "covered with tall grass; marshy; thick". It is not clear whether fog (“mist”) is a back-formation from foggy (“covered with tall, obscuring grass”) or has a separate Germanic origin, and hence whether foggy (“covered with tall grass”) and foggy (“obscured by mist”) represent one word or two. See fog ("mist"; "tall grass") for more.


brume

en-noun

brume (countable and uncountable, plural brumes)

Borrowed from French brume, from Latin brūma (“winter solstice; winter; winter cold”). Brūma is derived from brevima, brevissima (“shortest”), the superlative of brevis (“brief; short”) (the winter solstice being the shortest day of the year), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus (“brief, short”).

der

For, shou'd you come before the Brume's abated / Th' Opime you'd linquish for the Macerated.

1737, François Rabelais, “Book V”, in Peter Anthony Motteux, Sir Thomas Urquhart, transl., The Works of Mr. Francois Rabelais […] , volume 2, Navarre Society, published 1921, page 438:

All around their bubble of stupidity I could feel the brume of the dragon.

1972, John Gardner, Grendel, André Deutsch, page 77:


brumous

en-adj

brumous (comparative more brumous, superlative most brumous)

more brumous (comparative)
most brumous (superlative)

From brume + -ous, probably modelled after French brumeux (“foggy, hazy, misty”), from Late Latin brūmōsus (“wintry”), from Latin brūma (“winter solstice; winter; winter cold”) + -ōsus (suffix forming adjectives from nouns). Brūma is derived from brevima, brevissima (“shortest”), the superlative of brevis (“brief; short”) (the winter solstice being the shortest day of the year), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus (“brief, short”).

The blond misses of Albion see nothing in the dull inhabitants of their brumous isle, which can compare with the ardour and vivacity of the children of the South. We bring our sunshine with us; we are Frenchmen, and accustomed to conquer.

1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, “A Little Innocent”, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume I, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849, →OCLC, page 233:

One of the greatest charms of fox-hunting undoubtedly is, that it disposes of all the dirty weather which goes to make up three-fourths of an English winter. Wet, and drizzle, and muggy fog (the characteristics of our brumous and insular climate, according to numerous French authorities), are the capital on which it trades. To the hunting man a rainy morning in winter […] means sport, and society, and enjoyment.

1866 October, “Essays at Odd Times”, in David Masson, editor, Macmillan’s Magazine, volume XIV, number 84, London: Macmillan and Co. […], →OCLC, section XIV (Of a Fox Covert), page 476, column 2:

The Golden Gate was hardly to be seen at all, except on very favorable days, for the thick veil of ocean mist which hung over it. The whole scene was dull, sombre, brumous, depressing.

1869 December, “Nebulæ”, in The Galaxy. An Illustrated Magazine of Entertaining Reading, volume VIII, number 6, New York, N.Y.: Sheldon & Company […], →OCLC, page 861, column 1:

Let us compare these observations made in our brumous latitudes with those effected by Father [Angelo] Secchi with the fine equatorial of the Roman Observatory.

1872 July, Richard A[nthony] Proctor, “A Giant Planet”, in E[dward] L[ivingston] Youmans, editor, The Popular Science Monthly, volume I, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton and Company, […], →OCLC, page 293:

She worked under the great tapestry with its glowing but subdued tones—huntsmen with lofted horns had been running down a female stag. After the rape, leaving the grooms to bring the trophy home, they galloped away into the soft brumous Italian skyline; […]

1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur or The Prince of Darkness: A Novel, London: Faber and Faber, →ISBN; republished in The Avignon Quintet: Monsieur, Livia, Constance, Sebastian, Quinx, London: Faber and Faber, 1992, →ISBN, page 23:


ice fog

en-noun

ice fog (countable and uncountable, plural ice fogs)

A dense fog that consists of fine particles of ice.

rimtåge

a dense fog that consists of fine particles of ice


misty

en-adj

misty (comparative mistier, superlative mistiest)

mistier (comparative)
mistiest (superlative)

From Middle English misty, mysty, misti, from Old English mistiġ (“misty, dark”), from Proto-West Germanic *mistig (“misty”), equivalent to mist + -y. Cognate with Scots misty, mistie (“misty”), West Frisian mistich (“misty, foggy”), Dutch mistig (“misty, foggy”), German Low German mistig (“foggy”).

It's very misty this morning; I can't see a thing!


sea fret

An extraordinary combination of mist and sea fret made the rails of the Scarborough-Whitby line so greasy on January 19 that the service came virtually to a standstill; [...]

1959 April, “Motive Power Miscellany: North Eastern Region”, in Trains Illustrated, page 224:

A sea-fret had blurred the far dunes and clouds of wood-smoke were piling up from the horizon, and as we watched, two thick, butter-coloured pillars of sunlight stepped slowly over the far, unmoving waves; sometimes even Dame Nature overdoes her effects.

When, finally, he left the pub, he discovered that a sea fret had blown in across the island, and the sand dunes were half hidden in drifting veils of vapour.

2007, Pat Barker, Border Crossing: A Novel:

There is a thing called sea fret and it's when the mist comes off the sea; it's the water that comes off the sea. And we used to have a lot of that.

2016, Would I Lie to You?, season 10, episode 5, Lee Mack (actor):

(British) A fog that comes from the sea.


rawk

Related to roke (“mist; smoke”), Swedish rök (“smoke”). Compare raggy (“foggy”).

The rawk o' the hills, and the mist o' the mountains, / Like the reek o'a pot, and the smoke of a kiln, / Draws further off still, while the round sun is counting / His pulses o' light o' the morning so still.

Clare, manuscript poems, quoted in 1854, Anne Elizabeth Baker, Glossary of Northamptonshire Words and Phrases, page 163


rawk

I enjoy listening to good rawk.

RAWK: This is how people who start bands in order to meet porn stars spell rock.

[2005 May, Chuck Klosterman, “The Rock Lexicon”, in SPIN, page 61:

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

Pronunciation spelling of rock (“music genre”).


rawk

en-verb

rawk (third-person singular simple present rawks, present participle rawking, simple past and past participle rawked)

rawks (present singular third-person)
rawking (participle present)
rawked (participle past)
rawked (past)

What do ya think 'bout it? It rawks!


pea soup

en-noun

pea soup (countable and uncountable, plural pea soups)


camanchaca

Borrowed from Spanish camanchaca, from Aymara kamanchaka (“darkness”).

A type of mist found on the west coast of South America by the Atacama Desert, which does not drop rain.


fogbank

I realize that I’ve spent most of my life happily sailing into fogbanks of specialized language.

2008 April 9, Verlyn Klinkenborg, “Ving, Vang, Vong. Or, the Pleasures of a New Vocabulary.”, in New York Times:


raggy

From rag + -y, rag being a dialectal (northern England) word for a fog or mist with drizzling rain, related to dialectal Danish rag (“sea vapour”). Compare roke, rawk, from a word for smoke (compare Swedish rök (“smoke”)), which may or may not be related.

It looks a bit rough wi' lyin' out thoose raggy neets.

1874 (edition of 1879), Waugh, Chim. Corner, page 157

It's been nobbut raggy weather up o' the moors this winter.

1892, David Grieve, Ward, III, book IV, vi:

(dialectal, especially Yorkshire, Lancashire, possibly obsolete) Foggy, misty (and typically cold), with drizzling rain.


pogonip

pogonip (countable and uncountable, plural pogonips)

From Shoshone paγinappih (“thunder cloud”) or a related word.

An ice fog which forms in valleys in the Western United States.


Scotch mist

Scotch mist (countable and uncountable, plural Scotch mists)

(UK) A cold and penetrating mist, verging on rain.

A drink of Scotch whisky served with ice and lemon peel.

The perennial flowering plant Galium sylvaticum.


garua

I like the garua, the invisible drizzle which feels like spiders' feet on one's skin and makes everything wet, turning the city dwellers somewhat batrachian ...

1997, Mario Vargas Llosa, Making Waves, Macmillan, →ISBN, page 7:

On idle afternoons I have patiently observed spiders spin shrouds of silk for their trapped prey. The light within must be similar to that which falls upon the city of Lima from April to December, when the sun is hidden by the dismal garua, […]

A very fine, almost invisible mist or drizzle that visits the Andean region, especially Ecuador and Peru.


sea smoke

A fog formed when very cold air moves over warmer water.


tule fog

Named for the tule grass wetlands of the Central Valley of California in the United States, where it forms.

Tule fogs last until they are "burned off" by the sun or are displaced by the wind.

1918, School Science and Mathematics, page 751:

When summer ended—when the State Fair closed and the heat broke, when the last green hop vines had been torn down along the H Street road and the tule fog began rising off the low ground at night—[…]

1968, Joan Didion, “Notes from a Native Daughter”, in Slouching Towards Bethlehem:

This sentiment spreads like thick tule fog today. Ask the former San Diego mayor who commandeered the Light Up the Border forces at the San Diego-Tijuana[…]

2009, Frances Payne Adler, Debra Busman, Diana Garc’a, Fire and Ink: An Anthology of Social Action Writing, University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, page 195:

On the evening of the wedding, a thick tule fog enveloped the area around Discovery Bay. The fog delayed the arrival of the minister and caused some […]

2010, William F. Scanlin, No Regrets: I’ve Enjoyed a Great Life, AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 133:

A thick tule fog enveloped the island. […]

2011, Marcia Muller, Eye of the Storm, Blackstone Publishing, →ISBN:

The winds that create the fog die down, and the Bay Area is clear. […] sank not during the summer fog season, but rather in winter during a thick tule fog.

2015, Kyle Boelte, The Beautiful Unseen: A Memoir, Catapult, →ISBN:

A thick, persistent ground fog, canonically found in parts of California's Central Valley, where it forms from late fall through early spring (rainy season), which may contain cold or freezing drizzle.


rawky

And here are nameless flowers, / Culled in cold and rawky hours / For my Mary's happy home. / They grew in murky blea, / Rush fields and naked lea, / But suns will shine and pleasing / Spring will come.

1873, John Clare, John Law Cherry, Life and Remains of John Clare: The Northamptonshire Peasant Poet, page 227:

'Tis bloody rawky weather! Farewell ta Indian summer! 'Tis as bad as Ireland! But just right fer th' hard task I've set for me self an' th' lad this day!

2019, William Grace, Omniverse: Book II of the Omniverse Chronicles, Outskirts Press, →ISBN, page 86:

(dialectal, rare) Foggy, misty (and dreary).


haary

Dashed in a cloud of foam, it sends aloft / A haary mist and forms a ceaseleser shovs.

1769, Jean-François de Saint-Lambert, Les saisons ; Oeuvres diverses, page 69, quoting Thompson

The night was dark, I had no knowledge of the coast, and the usual haary surf which prevails along this whole shore was rolling on the beach ...

1831, Basil Hall, Fragments of Voyages and Travels: Including Anecdotes of a Naval Life : Chiefly for the Use of Young Persons, page 237:

Past yin o ' clock, and a dark, haary moarnin' : I recalled the bull voice of the watchman as he had called it on the night of our escape from the Castle — […] In the thickening envelope of sea fog I felt like a squirrel in a rotatory cage.

1898, Robert Louis Stevenson, St. Ives Being the Adventures of a French Prisoner in England, page 252:

Having now children of my own, though not so highly favoured, for they live in the "haary" regions of the East Coast, I thought I ought to be able to help them with their geography lessons by describing to them in detail the features of these […]

1899, Scottish Mountaineering Club, Scottish Mountaineering Club Journal, page 298:

Marked by the presence of haar (“coastal fog”); foggy.