Chinese restaurant process

en-noun

Chinese restaurant process (plural Chinese restaurant processes)

The restaurant analogy first appeared in a 1985 write-up by David Aldous, where it was attributed to Jim Pitman (who additionally credits Lester Dubins).

(probability theory) A discrete-time stochastic process, analogous to seating customers at tables in a restaurant, such that, at time n, the n customers have been partitioned among m ≤ n tables (or blocks of a partition). It has applications in population genetics, linguistic analysis, and image recognition.


coin-sword

(historical) a type of Chinese numismatic charms that were primarily used in southern China to ward off evil spirits and malicious influences


T'ien

From Mandarin 天 (Tiān), Wade–Giles romanization: Tʻien¹.

Confucius had a lively faith in T’ien and that faith was the ultimate source of his greatness. For one thing, that faith convinced him that one’s happiness depends upon the approval of T’ien rather than the praises of men, upon one’s interior qualities rather than external things. Once he said, “I do not murmur against T’ien, nor grumble against men. My studies lie low, but my penetration rises high. T’ien alone knows me.”²⁰

1965, John C.H. Wu, “Confucius: The Man and His Ideas”, in Chinese Humanism and Christian Spirituality, Angelico Press, published 2017, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 7:

As we have seen, the Taipings thought of God as having emotions. He loves his sons and becomes angry when the people forsake him and take to the way of the devil. The Taipings thought of God as kind and compassionate but jealous. T’ien in the minds of the ancient Chinese exhibits the same emotions: Tien^([sic – meaning T'ien]) is said to be compassionate and to love the people.⁵¹ T’ien so loves the people that he grants them their wishes.⁵² The sovereign T’ien is often angry when the people are misruled.⁵³ This anger finds vent in the punishment of the wicked. Tung Chung-shu of the Han describes the emotional nature of T’ien in the following words: “Heaven has its own feelings of joy and anger and a mind which experiences sadness and pleasure, analogous to those of man.”⁵⁴

1967, Vincent Y. C. Shih, “The Classics and Confucianism”, in The Taiping Ideology: Its Sources, Interpretations, and Influences (Far Eastern and Russian Institute Publications on Asia), number 15, University of Washington Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 173:

(Chinese mythology) Alternative form of Tian (“Heaven, God”)


peach of immortality

peach of immortality (plural peaches of immortality)

Calque of Chinese 仙桃 (xiāntáo, literally “immortal peach”).

calque

(Chinese mythology) A kind of peach believed to grant longevity to those who consume it.


CCDI

w:Central Commission for Discipline Inspection

Abbreviation of Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.


Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

Partial calque of Chinese 太平天國 /太平天国 (Tàipíng Tiānguó).

partial calque

(historical) A theocratic absolute monarchy based on Christian teaching led by Hong Xiuquan that rebelled against the ruling Qing dynasty from 1851 to 1864 in China.


manhuajia

en-noun

manhuajia (plural manhuajias or manhuajia)

Borrowed from Mandarin 漫畫家 /漫画家 (mànhuàjiā). Doublet of mangaka and manhwaga.

bor+

Some of the manga introuced during this period came through unauthorized copying by local Taiwanese manhuajia, who adapted original Japanese manga into a Taiwanese-style three horizontal grid.

2019, Lee, I. Yun, “The Development of Taiwan Manhua”, in Haruhiko Fujita, Christine Guth, editors, Encyclopedia of East Asian Design, →ISBN:

Most of the art work in Wanxiang is by a group of artists who are most often referred to today as manhuajia 漫畫家 (cartoonists), many of whom had been members of a cartoon society that was established in Shanghai in December 1926.

2020, Paul Bevan, ‘Intoxicating Shanghai’ – An Urban Montage, →ISBN:

The creators of these East Asian comics also have specific titles: a person who makes manga is a mangaka, a person who creates manhwa is a manhwaga, and a person that makes manhua is a manhuajia.

2022, Jieun Kiaer, Ben Cagan, Pragmatics in Korean and Japanese Translation, →ISBN:

A manhua (Chinese comic) author or artist.


pornhua

Blend of porno + manhua. Piecewise doublet of pornhwa.

(pornography, manhua) A pornographic manhua (Chinese comic).


Kashag

Borrowed from Tibetan བཀའ་ཤག (bka' shag).

(historical) The governing council of Tibet from 1721 to 1959.


Han dynasty

zh-m

漢朝／汉朝 (Hàncháo)

A Chinese dynasty that lasted from 202 B.C.E. to 220 C.E..


Daozang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 道藏 (dàozàng, literally “Repository of the Way”).

bor

Similar Daozang 道藏 (Repositories of the Tao) had been compiled by earlier Chinese dynasties, always under the authority of the Son of Heaven himself.[…]Today, only the above-mentioned Ming Daozang has survived.[…]The Ming Daozang remains the last.[…]Although the philosophical texts of Laozi 老子, Zhuangzi 莊子, and others, together with their numerous commentaries, figure prominently in the Daozang, they do not amount to more than some 200 titles.

2005 August 1, Franciscus Verellen, Kristofer Schipper, The Taoist Canon: A Historical Companion to the Daozang, University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, pages 1—2:

While I have indicated the ways in which different Daoist scriptures were emphasized in different Daoist movements, no discussion of Daoist texts would be complete without the Daozang (Tao-tsang, Daoist Canon), the primary textual collection of the Daoist tradition from the late medieval period forward.[…]Such collections received the designation of Daozang, which literally means “storehouse of the Dao” (see Komjathy 2002; Schipper and Verellen 2004).[…]The received, Ming-dynasty Daozang in total consists of 1,487 texts (see Schipper and Verellen 2004; also Komjathy 2002).

2012 June 20, Louis Komjathy, The Daoist Tradition: An Introduction, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 237:

The vast literature of the Daoist canon, or Daozang, survives in a Ming Dynasty edition of some 1,500 different texts. Compiled under imperial auspices and completed in 1445 – with a supplement added in 1607 – many of the books in the Daozang concern the history, organization, and liturgies of China's indigenous religion. A large number of the works deal with medicine, alchemy, and divination.

2012 November 2, ASU News, “Rare Daoist canon comes to ASU Libraries”, in ASU News, archived from the original on 2024-08-17:

(Taoism) An extensive canon of Taoist writings, consisting of around 1,500 texts covering various topics.


Sun Wukong

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 孫悟空 /孙悟空 (Sūn Wùkōng, literally “Sun Awakened-to-Emptiness”).

(Chinese mythology) A fictional anthropomorphic monkey with various abilities and magical powers best known for being one of the main characters in the 16th-century Chinese epic Journey to the West, and is revered as a deity by some Buddhists and most Taoists.


Sui dynasty

A dynasty of China that immediately preceded the Tang dynasty, ruling from 581-618 C.E..


xianxia

From Mandarin 仙俠／仙侠 (xiānxiá, “sage hero”).

A genre of East Asian fiction similar to wuxia but with more mythological elements


TGCF

Borrowed from Chinese 天官賜福 /天官赐福 (tiān guān cì fú), translated as "Heaven Official's Blessing".

bor+

(fandom slang, Internet slang) Heaven Official's Blessing, a Chinese manhua novel series.


MDZS

Borrowed from Chinese 魔道祖师 (mó dào zǔ shī), translated as "ancestral master of the demonic path".

(fandom slang, Internet slang) Grandmaster of Demonic Cultivation, a Chinese xianxia fantasy novel series.