Boholano

A variant of Cebuano spoken in the province of Bohol in the Philippines and eastern parts of Southern Leyte.


Hamid

Borrowed from Arabic حَمِيد (ḥamīd, “praiseworthy”).

A male given name from Arabic used by Muslims.


Hamid

Borrowed from Arabic حَامِد (ḥāmid, “praiser [of God]”).


Logudorese

The dialect of Sardinian spoken in the Logudoro area of Sardinia.


Gallurese

A Romance language or dialect, transitional between Corsican and Sardinian, spoken in the historical region of Gallura, northeastern Sardinia.


Nuorese

The dialect of Sardinian spoken in the province of Nuoro.


Pericú

(historical) A people who lived in the Cape Region in the southernmost portion of Baja California Sur until the 18th century.


Padmaja

From Sanskrit पद्म (padma) + ज (ja), meaning "lotus-born".

A female given name from Sanskrit used in India.


Jalaja

Borrowed from Sanskrit [Term?], from जल (jala, “water”) + ज (ja, “born”).

A female given name from Sanskrit, of Indian usage.


Vanaja

From Sanskrit वन (vana) + ज (ja), meaning "forest-born".


Hessdalen light

en-noun

Hessdalen light (plural Hessdalen lights)

An unexplained light sometimes seen in the Hessdalen valley in Norway.


Parachi

An Iranian language spoken by a very small number of people in Afghanistan.


Austinite

From Austin + -ite (“native or resident of a specified place”).


Proto-Czech

Proto-Czech can be differentiated from Proto-Polish and Proto-Slovak from the end of the 10th century.

2014, Sebastian Kempgen, “Abstract”, in Die slavischen Sprachen / The Slavic Languages, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →ISBN, page 1384:

ancestor language of the Czech language, descendant of Proto-Slavic, spoken between the 10th and 13th century


Magdeburger

A native or inhabitant of Magdeburg in Germany.


Maccies

en-noun

Maccies (countable and uncountable, plural Maccies)

She texted sayin' to put on my best trackies / Forget pot noodle ... time for Maccies!

2011, Alexandra Elkington, The Tunnel at the Beginning of the Light, Chipmunkapublishing ltd, →ISBN, page 95:

We had five quid between us to get home and grab a Maccies or Wimpy at Lime Street on the way.

2012, Steven Gerrard, Steven Gerrard: My Story, Random House, →ISBN, page 30:

He'd bring me a Maccies in the car, too, which was sweet of him, but it's also the reason I started piling on the weight.

2015, Holly Hagan, Holly Hagan - Not Quite A Geordie, John Blake Publishing, →ISBN:

(UK, slang) McDonald's, or McDonald's food.


Murph

A diminutive of the unisex given name Murphy


Portilloism

Those few ministers with the good sense to doubt the certitudes of Portilloism, and still maintain some contact with reality, may even have been alarmed by its effectiveness.

I don't much care whether that creed is called socialism, bolshevism, Portilloism or Harvey's Law, I know what I stand for and am happy to defend it.

2001, Richard G, “Smith promises early action to scrap Section 28”, in uk.gay-lesbian-bi (Usenet):

(UK politics) The political stance of Michael Portillo (born 1953), former Member of Parliament, Deputy Conservative Party leader and Cabinet Minister.


Sam-Cam

(informal) Samantha Cameron (born 1971), English businesswoman and wife of politician David Cameron.


Li-Lo

From the first syllables of her name and surname.

(informal) Lindsay Lohan (born 1986), American actress and singer.


Scar-Jo

/ˈskɑː(ɹ)ˌdʒəʊ/


R-Pattz

(informal) Robert Pattinson (born 1986), English actor


Nadsat

Borrowed from Russian -надцать (-nadcatʹ, “-teen”). The word was coined by English author Anthony Burgess (1917–1993) in his 1962 dystopian novel A Clockwork Orange.

[…] Anthony Burgess' A Clockwork Orange, narrated by its teenage punk of a protagonist in an argot called nadsat, which is composed (a psychologist in the book explains) of "odd bits of rhyming slang. A bit of gypsy talk, too. But most of its roots are Slav." […] Despite the dazzling tour de force Burgess brings off, l have not included A Clockwork Orange in my discussion for several reasons. First, nadsat is primarily a parody of the exclusiveness and ephemerality of teenage slang: […]

1974, Style, volume 8, Fayetteville, Ark.: University of Arkansas, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 475:

2003 April 24, Alex Thrawn, “The Iraqi Misinformation Minisiter speaks about ACO in Nadsat!”, in alt.movies.kubrick (Usenet):

In order to get a full sense of the effect of Burgess's and [Floriana] Bossi's respective Nadsats, it is necessary to examine a complex narrative unit of source and target texts. This will also enable the reader to appreciate the musicality of the original Nadsat.

2011, Brigid Maher, “Apples and (Clockwork) Oranges: Intention, Invention and Intervention”, in Recreation and Style: Translating Humorous Literature in Italian and English (Benjamins Translation Library; 90), Amsterdam, Philadelphia, Pa.: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 121:

Nadsat has been called many things, such as a constructed language, slang, register, and sociolect. Its definition is not single layered since one could argue in favour of all the cases. In the introduction to the 1996 edition [of A Clockwork Orange], Blake Morrison refers to it as a language: […] However, it can be said that Nadsat is also a register since Alex is capable of speaking standard English when he wants to (with his parents at times, for example) […] Furthermore, Nadsat can also be defined as a 'sociolect' as this term stands for any language spoken by a particular social (sub)group and is based on social, cultural, economic and institutional criteria[…]. Nadsat is spoken (not written) by Alex, his group of friends and by other teenage subgroups; other characters in the novel (the doctors, government officials) use standard English words without Russian transliterations. Moreover, Nadsat can be viewed as slang since its vocabulary and expressions seem to be of inferior value in comparison with standard English.

2017, Anna Bogic, “Anthony Burgess in French Translation: Still ‘as Queer as a Clockwork Orange’”, in Marc Jeannin, editor, Anthony Burgess and France, Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, →ISBN, pages 219–220:

The Russian-influenced argot used by the teenage protagonists in Anthony Burgess's novel A Clockwork Orange (1962).

Andrew Biswell
Anthony Burgess
Brad Mays
W. W. Norton & Company

Надсат

Russian-influenced argot used in A Clockwork Orange (1962)


Tishbite

An inhabitant or a resident of Tishbe in Galilee


J-Lo

From her first initial and the first syllable of her surname. As a noun, after the widely appealing features of Lopez's buttocks.

Ace gave her an endearing slap on her J-Lo, causing a little jump her on her way out. Juana by all appearances seemed to be fine.

2010 March 10, Angelo A. Grenci Jr., Inabsentia: An intimate glimpse into the mind of a wanted man, Xlibris, page 177:

(informal, slang) Large buttocks, usually attractive ones.


K-Stew

(informal) Kristen Stewart (born 1990), American actress.


extended shinjitai

extended shinjitai (plural extended shinjitai)

Calque of Japanese 拡張新字体 (kakuchō shinjitai).

clq

An unofficial shinjitai (new character form) created by analogy.


Su-Bo

From the first two letters of each of her first and last names.


K-Rod

(informal) Francisco Rodríguez (baseball player)


Le-Le

From the initial syllables of her first and last names.


A-Rod

(informal) Alex Rodriguez (baseball player)


Paranan

A Northern Luzon language of the Philippines.


Michigoose

Blend of Michigander + goose, because the counterpart of a gander (“male goose”) is a goose (“female goose”).

Where is the little Michigander or Michigoose who is plugging along, so contentedly ensconced in his bi-valve surroundings as not to be touched by even an echo of the great state meeting of his profession?

1916, Moderator-topics, volume 36, page 165:

From Dale E. Pasco of Owosso: "My parents were both one room school teachers and they taught it this way: I'm a Michigander, my wife is a Michigoose, our kids are Michigoslins, so what is the use."

1982, Michigan Natural Resources Magazine, volumes 51-52, page 77:

(uncommon, humorous) A woman from Michigan, contrasted with a Michigander (“man from Michigan”).


Akiva

bor

Hebrew יַעֲקֹב

Akiva stood at the edge of a rooftop terrace in Riyadh, peering down at a doorway in the lane below.

2011 September 27, Laini Taylor, Daughter of Smoke & Bone, →ISBN:

Synonym of Jacob; A male given name from Hebrew


Noricum

(historical) A Celtic state and later Roman province, approximately corresponding to modern Austria.


Enola

Created for the titular character in the 1886 American novel Enola, derived from alone spelled backwards.


MLG

Middle Low German
Middle Low German#English

Mennonite Low German
Mennonite Low German#English


Russia German

A member or descendant of any of the German communities which settled in the Russian Empire (Russia, Ukraine, etc.) and either remain there or migrated on to the US, Argentina, back to Germany, etc.

German from Russia

used of Russia Germans (Russian Germans) who left Russia

Rooshian

historically used for the Russia Germans (Russian Germans) in Canada, the USA, and other parts of the world


Roubaisian

/ɹoʊˈbeɪʒən/

Even very large immigrant communities managed to integrate into the ranks of the Roubaignos (native Roubaisians) through their membership in the working class.

1994, Patrick Richard Ireland, The Policy Challenge of Ethnic Diversity: Immigrant Politics in France and Switzerland, →ISBN, page 124:

Sure enough, she is indeed Canadian and not by chance but by necessity seeing that she was born that way and isn't married to a foreigner (she doesn't state that she is a virgin) and hasn't had herself naturalised Roubaisian or Zanzibian.

1967, Raymond Queneau translated by Barbara Wright, Between blue and blue: a sort of novel, OCLC 954865, page 27

A person who was born in, or is a citizen or inhabitant of Roubaix, France


Pausanias

Transliteration of Ancient Greek Παυσᾰνῐ́ᾱς (Pausaníās).


Ney

* As an English surname, variant of Nye.
* As a Scottish Gaelic and Irish surname, from the source of McNee.
* As a north German and Jewish surname, variant of Neu. Sometimes shortened from Neuberger.

A nickname of Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior, a Brazilian footballer born in 1992


Kennard

en-proper noun

Kennard (countable and uncountable, plural Kennards)


Hamlin

Hamlin (countable and uncountable, plural Hamlins)

From the Anglo-Norman personal name Hamlin, a double diminutive of Old French Haimon.

A male given name transferred from the surname.


Lamar

From a placename in Normandy, which was derived from Old French la mare (“the pool”).


Kandice

Late 20th century; respelling of Candice.


Denzel

A male given name Popularized by actor Denzel Washington


Dalrymple

Dalrymple (countable and uncountable, plural Dalrymples)

From Scottish Gaelic dail (“field, meadow”) + an unexplained second element.


Troilus

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek Τρωΐλος (Trōḯlos).


Cornell

From Cornwall, spelling conflated with the Latin family name Cornelius.


Tancred

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by the Normans in the Middle Ages


Lysander

From Ancient Greek Λῠ́σᾰνδρος (Lúsandros).


Rishi

From Sanskrit ऋषि (ṛṣi, “rishi, sage”), via New Indo-Aryan languages, such as Punjabi ਰਿਸ਼ੀ (riśī). Compare rishi.

en:Rishi (disambiguation)
en:Rishi (given name)
en:Rishi (surname)

A South Asian male given name from Sanskrit


Jervis

A spelling variant of Jarvis, from Gervase.


Trajan

From Macedonian Трајан (Trajan), from трај (traj, “to last (to endure, continue over time)”) + -ан (-an).

Трајан Трајан#Macedonian

A transliteration of the Macedonian male given name Трајан (Trajan)


Walden

From Old English walh (“Welshman”), genitive plural wala + denu (“valley”).


Petronius

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by a Roman courtier during the reign of Nero and the patron saint of Bologna


Indira

A female given name from Sanskrit commonly used in India.


Bouyei

A language spoken by the Bouyei and Giáy people.


Northern Min

Partial calque of Chinese 閩北語／闽北语 (mǐnběiyǔ).

pclq

A variety of Min Chinese, spoken in northern Fujian, represented by the Jian'ou dialect.


Old Leonese

An extinct Romance language spoken in the Iberian peninsula, the ancestor to modern Leonese.


Eastern Min

Partial calque of Chinese 閩東語／闽东语 (mǐndōngyǔ).

A Chinese language, spoken in the eastern part of Fujian, including its capital city Fuzhou.

восточноми́ньский

диале́кт, язы́к


Menorcan

en-adj

Menorcan (comparative more Menorcan, superlative most Menorcan)

more Menorcan (comparative)
most Menorcan (superlative)


Southern Min

Partial calque of Chinese 閩南／闽南 (Mǐnnán).

pclq

A group of local languages of Min Chinese, which can trace their origins to southern Fujian province, China.

To truly complete the journey and discover the roots of Taiwan’s southern Min majority one would have to travel to the P’eng-hu islands (Pescadores) and then still farther west to the shores of southern Fukien and the cities and towns along the province’s east-facing coast, which is where new history of Taiwan begins.

1999, Murray A. Rubinstein, editor, Taiwan: A New History, M.E. Sharpe, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page xi:

(loosely) Hokkien, including Amoy, Taiwanese Hokkien and other varieties in Southeast Asia.


Gwynnie

A diminutive of the female given name Gwyneth


Gwyn

A diminutive of the female given name Gwyneth.


J-Law

(informal) Jennifer Lawrence (born 1990), American actress.


Daron

From Armenian Տարոն (Taron, Western Armenian pronunciation).


Aryaman

Transliteration of Sanskrit अर्यमन् (aryáman). The given name is from Hindi आर्यमन (āryaman).

translit

A male given name from Hindi, common in India.


Rohirric

From Sindarin roch (“horse”) + hîr (“lord”) + -ic.

The fictional language of the Rohirrim in Tolkien's legendarium.


Appalachian English

A dialect of the English language native to the Appalachian region of the United States, often derided for its grammatical inconsistencies and perceived lack of education of its speakers.


Proto-Mayan

The hypothetical prehistoric ancestor language of all Mayan languages.

proto-maia

The category of Proto-Mayan on Wiktionary


Narom

A Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in Sarawak, Malaysia


Proto-Human

The speculative most recent common ancestor of all the world's languages, according to a monogenetic theory.


Roddie

A diminutive of the male given name Roderick

A diminutive of the female given name Roderica


Uru

An extinct language formerly spoken by these people.


Minas

Two main origins for the surname:
* Borrowed from Greek Μηνάς (Minás), a patronymic surname.
* Borrowed from Spanish Minas or Miñas.
The given name is from Greek Μηνάς (Minás) and Armenian Մինաս (Minas).


Ern

'That's a good one, that is!' said Ern.

1948, Enid Blyton, The Mystery of the Hidden House:

A diminutive of the male given name Ernest.


Marau

An Eastern Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in West Papua.


Rye-Rye

(childish) A nickname of the given name Ryan.


Shazza

A diminutive of the female given name Sharon.


Rye

* As an English surname, variant of Rea.
* Also as an English surname, from the noun rye.
* As a Norwegian surname, from several farmsteads whose name derive from Old Norse rjóðr (“forest clearing”); see the verb ryðja (“to clear”).
* As a Danish surname, from the town Ry in Skanderbord.
* The town in England is perhaps derived from Old English riþ (“river, stream”).

River Rye, Yorkshire
Rye (disambiguation)
Rye, East Sussex
Rye, New York

census-designated place
census-designated place

A number of places in the United States:

An unincorporated community and census-designated place in Gila County, Arizona.

A small statutory town in Pueblo County, Colorado.

An unincorporated community in Manatee County, Florida.

Westchester County
Westchester County#English

A coastal suburban city in Westchester County, New York.

A large town in Westchester County, New York.


Ric

Alternative spelling of Rick (“male nickname, usually short for Richard”)


Rashad

A male given name from Arabic, common in African American communities since the mid-1970s.


Darija

Maghrebi Arabic, an Arabic dialect continuum spoken in the Maghreb region, in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Western Sahara, and Mauritania. (Western Arabic)


Lingwa de Planeta

Literally translates to "language of the planet".

international auxiliary language
international auxiliary language

An international auxiliary language and worldlang created in 2010 that incorporates words from several languages.


Piggate

(neologism) The British scandal wherein Prime Minister David Cameron was reported to have inserted his penis into the mouth of a dead pig as part of an initiation ritual during his university years.


Querandí

From Guaraní [Term?], literally "men with fat", because they had a lot of fat in their diet.

A language that was once spoken by these people.


Singapore English

A retired British civil servant and an Oxford graduate at that, vigorously advocates that Singaporeans should speak Singapore English.

1972, Evelyn Ng, The Straits Times, page 5:

This question has aroused considerable interest since the publication of Stephen Snow Menneer’s article on Singapore English in the January issue of the NYLTI (National Youth Leadership Training Institute) Journal.

1972, Pang Cheng Lian, New Nation, page 8:

I have always been of the opinion that anybody, particularly expatriates, who subscribe to the “Singapore English” idea is a saboteur, and should not be entrusted with the teaching of the language to our students.

Dr Chua says that by the 21st Century, Singapore English will be qualitatively different but will retain its basic character.

1995, Catherine Lim, The Straits Times, page 21:

More recently, in the past five years, there has been the effort to collect, computerise, and analyse a million-word corpus of both written and spoken Singapore English.

1999, National University of Singapore, Singapore Studies: Critical Surveys of the Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol II, page 78

In the following paragraphs the term Singapore Colloquial English refers to the very informal variety used in some situations by native or proficient speakers of Singapore English, who choose this variety as an alternative to Standard English and often mix it with Standard English (or with other languages).

2000, Anthea Fraser Gupta, Postimperial & Postcolonial Literature in English, page (online)

If I could nominate a “dialect of the 21st Century,” I would probably go with Singapore English, a native English dialect spectrum spoken in a region with few competitors (for nearly 1/3 of Singaporeans, English is the primary language spoken at home).

2013, Ben Trawick-Smith, Dialect Blog, page (online)

As the number of native speakers of Singapore English and Mandarin increases, the colonial-era ideology of English vis-à-vis the languages of the immigrants needs to be re-examined.

2015, Zhiming Bao, The Making of Vernacular Singapore English: System, Transfer, and Filter, page 35:

A localised variety of English found in Singapore, made up of two varieties: high (Singapore Standard English) and low (Singapore Colloquial English, Singlish).


Rohini

A female given name from Sanskrit used in India.


Paxo

He's been telling his army of spinners, and DC and Boy George too, that Radio 4 is for the chattering classes, and only people like Cameron and Miliband tune in to watch Paxo on Newsnight last thing at night.

2011, Larry the Cat, The Larry Diaries: Downing Street - The First 100 Days, page 15:

(British, slang) Jeremy Paxman (born 1950), English broadcaster, journalist and author.


Fayettenam

Blend of Fayetteville + Vietnam, in reference to the city's large military base and high crime rate.

(derogatory) Fayetteville, North Carolina and its surrounding area, which includes a large military base.


Nazianzen

Derived from Nazianzus + -en (adjective-forming suffix).

suffix

(historical) A person from or an inhabitant of Nazianzus.


Maiduan

en-adj

Maiduan (comparative more Maiduan, superlative most Maiduan)

more Maiduan (comparative)
most Maiduan (superlative)

Of or relating to an endangered language family of northeastern California, comprising Maidu, Chico, Konkow, and Nisenan.


Maidu

Borrowing from Northeast Maidu maidüm (“man”).


Lidepla

Lingwa de Planeta
Lingwa de Planeta#English


Great Vowel Shift

Coined by Danish linguist Otto Jespersen.

coinage

Because English spelling was becoming standardized in the 15th and 16th centuries, the Great Vowel Shift is responsible for many of the peculiarities of English spelling.

(phonology) A major change in the pronunciation of the English language, affecting the sounds of long vowels, that took place in England between 1350 and 1700.


Ivanka

From Czech Ivanka (from Ivana + -ka, q.v.).
Doublet of Jan, Janelle, Janet, Janey, Janine, Jeanette, Jeanie, Jeannette, Jeannine, Jen, Jenna, Jenny, Jessie, Jo, Jody, Juanita, Shanae, Sinead, and Vanna.


Ndyuka

A creole language spoken by the Ndyuka people.


Bahasa Malaysia

Unadapted borrowing from Malay bahasa Malaysia.

unadapted borrowing

(official name in Malaysia) The official language of Malaysia, otherwise known as Malay.


Bahasa

Borrowed from Indonesian and Malay bahasa (“language”), itself from Sanskrit भाषा (bhāṣā, “language”), as a shortening of Bahasa Indonesia/Bahasa Malaysia. Compare the use of Irish Béarla (“English”), originally simply meant "language".

(colloquial) the Malay-Indonesian language


Seattleite

I go all the way down to First Avenue and turn left, leaving the shoppers and the Seattleites behind, and lo! here’s all humanity hep and weird wandering on the evening sidewalk amazing me outa my eyeballs[…]

1965, Jack Kerouac, Desolation Angels, page 101:

It makes me happy that Seattleites rallied around their schools in such resounding fashion. I have one big theory as to why, and it’s a simple one: Seattle schools are actually pretty good.

2022 February 12, Danny Westneat, “The reason voters see past the terrible headlines with Seattle schools”, in The Seattle Times:


Nard

A diminutive of the male given name Bernard.


Middle Cornish

The Celtic language spoken in Cornwall between the 13th and 17th centuries.


Sarmatian

/sɑː(ɹ)ˈmeɪʃə/


Melba

Coined by Nellie Melba as a pseudonym; derived from Melbourne.


Zlatko

From Macedonian Златко (Zlatko), from злато (zlato, “gold”) + -ко (-ko).

Златко Златко#Macedonian

A transliteration of the Macedonian male given name Златко (Zlatko)


Fedor

A transliteration of the Belarusian male given name Фёдор (Fjodor).


Yoshiko

Borrowed from Japanese 美子, 芳子 (よしこ, Yoshiko, literally “good, excellent child”).

A second daughter, Emma Yoshiko Hedican, was born on November 17, 2005.

2013, Judy L. Hasday, Kristi Yamaguchi, Infobase Publishing, page 76:


Arunima

'It'll take at least two days to see whether MTM's system will work in this latter-day time machine or not,' said Arunima, placing the laptop on Jaywardhan's table.

2018, Tripty Bhardwaj, Vyom and the Royal Weapon:


Medora

The given name was first used by Lord Byron in The Corsair (1814).

"But—Oh, Medora! nerve thy gentler heart, / "This hour again—but not for long—we part."

1814, Lord Byron, The Corsair, lines 406–7:


Canton Jargon

Chinese pidgin English
Chinese pidgin English


Chinese pidgin English

The term missy appears to be a Chinese Pidgin English term from English miss + the Cantonese phonotactic suffix -ee/-y, though perhaps owes something to the pre-existing British English diminutive of miss.

2015, James Lambert, “Lexicography as a teaching tool: A Hong Kong case study”, in Lan Li, Jamie McKeown, Liming Liu, editors, Dictionaries and corpora: Innovations in reference science. Proceedings of ASIALEX 2015 Hong Kong, Hong Kong: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, page 146:

An English-lexifier pidgin used along the Chinese coast from the 17th to the 19th centuries.

洋涇浜英語

an English-lexifier pidgin formerly used along the Chinese coast


Marigold

From the flower. The rubber gloves are generally bright yellow in colour.


ERG

John Major struggled endlessly with Eurosceptics he termed “bastards”, while May’s nemesis was the European Research Group, or ERG, the longstanding alliance of Brexit ultras.

2022 January 8, Peter Walker, “ERG out, CRG in: the Tory factions Boris Johnson is struggling to appease”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

European Research Group
w:European Research Group

(UK politics) Initialism of European Research Group (“Eurosceptic/pro-Brexit publicly funded political activist group subdivision of the UK Conservatives”).


Janko

A male given name from the Slavic languages


Ugger

Jocular modification of Union + -er. See Oxford "-er".

(Oxford University slang, archaic) The Oxford Union.


Emae

a Polynesian outlier language of Vanuatu


Proto-Indo-Aryan

The reconstructed proto-language —having descended from Proto-Indo-Iranian— that is the immediate predecessor of Old Indo-Aryan.


Cissy

A female given name, diminutive of Cicely.


Old Danish

In preparation for creating a dictionary of Old Danish (Gammeldansk Ordbog), [The Danish Society for Language and Literature] has begun to compile a comprehensive database (Gammeldansk Seddelsamling).

2016, Ditlev Tamm, Helle Vogt, The Danish Medieval Laws: the laws of Scania, Zealand and Jutland, Routledge, →ISBN:

There are several texts in East Norse – Old Swedish (fornsvenska, c. 1225–1526) and Old Danish (gammeldansk, c. 1100–1515) – that mention or describe Muslims and their religion.

2015, Cordelia Heß, Jonathan Adams, Fear and Loathing in the North: Jews and Muslims in Medieval Scandinavia and the Baltic Region, Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, →ISBN:


Sabra

Borrowed from Hebrew צַבָּר (tsabár, “prickly pear cactus”).


Europistan

Either Christians will surrender as they did in Europistan, or they will fight back with equal if not greater brutality.

2015, Eric aka the TYGRRRR EXPRESS, Ideological Lunacy:

At this rate we will go the way of Europistan. Italy has had a declining birthrate in recent years. Europe is finished. Its citizens refuse to reproduce while Islamist women keep churning out the next generation of radical Islamists.

2016, Michael Savage, Scorched Earth: Restoring the Country after Obama:

Russia also joined the coalition in 2210 A.D. when the Islamic States of Europistan began to invade sections of the Russian controlled lands.

2016, Davidson L. Haworth, The Icarus Project:

(informal, derogatory or humorous) Europe, perceived as controlled by Islamic interests.


Annalee

"Of course, if I did that, I would have to leave Annalee here. I couldn't take her to the rendezvous."


Hi

A male given name, a short form of Hiram


Morty

A short form of the male given names Mortimer and Morton.


Mary-marry-merry merger

(phonology) A phonemic merger where the vowels in "mare", "pat" and "pet" are pronounced the same before /r/, making "Mary", "marry" and "merry" homophones.


hurry-furry merger

(phonology) A phonemic merger where the vowels in "hut" and "fur" are pronounced the same before /ɹ/, making the words "hurry" and "furry" rhyme.


Utahrd

The Utahrds are a little bitter about that, especially since they're severely water-rationed themselves up in the mountains where you aren't even permitted to drill a well on your own property.

2004, The Real Bev, “wish I could.....”, in misc.consumers.frugal-living (Usenet):


PMQs

Coordinate term: FMQs

For nine weeks Green sat by May’s side as serious allegations about his conduct emerged – and the Labour leader never raised a question at PMQs.

2018 July 16, Kate Maltby, Ava Etemadzadeh, “Harassment is parliament’s dirty cross-party secret. Is it about to change?”, in The Guardian:

David Davis tells Boris Johnson ‘in the name of God, go’ at chaotic PMQs [headline]

2022 January 19, Peter Walker, Rowena Mason, “David Davis tells Boris Johnson ‘in the name of God, go’ at chaotic PMQs”, in The Guardian:

Prime Minister's Questions
w:Prime Minister's Questions

(UK politics) Initialism of Prime Minister's Questions.


Shunamite

An inhabitant of the Biblical village of Shunem.


Turkwoman

From interpreting Turkman (from a Persian or Sogdian root meaning "Turk-like") as Turk + man, and creating a female equivalent, Turk + -woman.

But the most lovely thing yet seen in Russia was a Turkman and a Turkwoman sitting together on a seat in a restaurant.

And, remember, "let the life of every Turkmen be as beautiful as our melons." Wouldn't it be the Turkwomen who have the beautiful melons?

2005 September 1, Dale, “Rukhnama In Space”, in sci.space.history (Usenet):


special measures

(Scots law) Judicial systems to protect vulnerable witnesses in courts of law.


Chiraq

Blend of Chicago + Iraq, coined by South Side rappers comparing the frequency of shootings in Chicago and in Iraq.

Seeing too much of anything in Chiraq streets could be hazardous to anyone's health

Welcome to Chiraq
Chitown
My town

2015, Jimmy Chan, Don't Kill the Messenger 69...The Chronicles of Fo:

When the south and west sides of Chicago are covered in the media, for instance, they are often described using infamous terms such as Chiraq and food deserts. Chiraq, a portmanteau of Chicago and Iraq, is used as code to refer to the violence and poverty of these neighborhoods.

2017, Steve Ventura, Martin Bailkey, Good Food, Strong Communities, page 235:

He met his wife and never thought about moving back to Chiraq.

2018, Shatiera Holman, Equality Ain't Equal:

(US, slang, derogatory, ethnic slur) Chicago, especially those parts in the South Side subject to a large amount of violence.


Jaycee

(US) A member of the United States Junior Chamber.


Zedekiah

From Hebrew צדקיהו (“God is righteous”).


Austral

A Polynesian language spoken on the Austral Islands of French Polynesia.


Dusner

From the name of Dusner Village in the province of Papua, Indonesia.

A Malayo-Polynesian language used in West Papua, Indonesia.


Portillo moment

en-noun

Portillo moment (plural Portillo moments)

Originally referred to the 1997 United Kingdom general election in which Michael Portillo, a prominent Conservative representing what was thought to be a safe seat, unexpectedly lost to the Labour candidate.

But with FF seat losses by the dozen all over the country, the Portillo moments were stacked on several levels, like a good tin of biscuits.

2013, Paddy Duffy, Did That Actually Happen?: A Journey Through Unbelievable Moments in Irish Politics, Hachette UK, →ISBN:

Possibly the biggest Portillo moment north of the border, the Chief Secretary to the Treasury is also in danger of losing his seat according to the marginal polls.

2015 May 7, Sebastian Payne, “Election night: the ten ‘Portillo moments’ to watch out for”, in The Spectator:

It's the 2015 General Election's Portillo moment - but who is the Tory who's scalped shadow chancellor Ed Balls by just 422 votes?

2015 May 8, Dan Bloom, “Andrea Jenkyns ousts Ed Balls: Everything you need to know about Tory who defeated Labour giant”, in The Mirror:

(UK politics) An election loss for a prominent politician.


Hypatia

From Latin Hypatia, from Ancient Greek Ὑπατία (Hupatía), from ὕπατος (húpatos, “highest, best”).

A female given name from Latin [in turn from Ancient Greek]


Daily Fail

(UK, slang, derogatory) The Daily Mail newspaper.


Daily Heil

Referring to the Nazi slogan "heil Hitler". Originated from the newspaper's support of fascism in the early 1930s.

They even made the mistaken assumption, mainly from the title, that the song had some kind of lesbian message. As Heike put it: 'You can't expect the subliterate cockwombles on the Daily Heil showbiz and gossip desks to have read Orwell.'

2015, Chris Brookmyre, Dead Girl Walking:


Gothenburger

A person from, or an inhabitant of, the Swedish city of Gothenburg.

gøteborger

person from, or an inhabitant of, Gothenburg


magic e

Write the following words in a column on a printing tablet or whiteboard: fat, mat, rat, cap, pan, hid, at, and us. Ask your child to wave his magic wand, add an e with his pencil, and see the new words he makes as he adds the magic e.

2011, Susan M. Greve, Phonics for Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 114:

(education) A silent e (in certain English words, such as cake and time) that appears to change the pronunciation of the preceding vowel.


Amberlynn

A female given name originating as a coinage.


Yuriko

* From Japanese ゆりこ (Yuriko).
* From Japanese ゆうりこ (Yūriko).


Chakradhar

From Sanskrit चक्रधर (cakradhara), literally "discus-bearer".


Fingallian

An extinct variety of English formerly spoken in Fingal, Ireland, thought to have been an offshoot of Middle English.


Rab

A male given name, Scottish version of Rob, from Robert.


Langston

From Old English lang (“long, tall”) + stan (“stone”).

A male given name transferred from the surname.


Sydnesian

From Sydney + -sian (c. 1837). Potentially derived from the sound /-dʒ(ə)n/ used in Glaswegian or Norwegian, with the g substituted by an s.

The Sydnesians then went in and scored 97; while in the second innings their adversaries only scored 32, leaving 33 in favor of Sydney with only one innings.

9 November 1837, “Sporting Intelligence”, in The Sydney Herald:

(dated) A native or inhabitant of Sydney, Australia.


Bolak

An international auxiliary language designed by Léon Bollack.


Corbynite

A leading KC who as a young barrister represented the Association of London Authorities at the Fennell Inquiry into the King's Cross fire, he is associated with Labour's Corbynite left.

2024 July 24, “Network News: Labour's new team at DfT packed with railway experience”, in RAIL, number 1014, page 9:

(UK politics) A supporter of Jeremy Corbyn (born 1949), British socialist politician elected leader of the Labour Party in 2015.


Eartha

19th-century coinage from earth + -a. Best known for the American singer Eartha Kitt.


Utonian

From Utah + -ian, modified to resemble terms such as Bostonian, Oregonian, Washingtonian, etc.

(rare) Someone who was born in or who lives in Utah.


Hardred

From Old English Heardrēd, Heardrēde. Compare Old Norse Harðráði (proper name, literally “stern counsel”).


Trav

A diminutive of the male given name Travis.


feal and divot

No doubt, the want of access by a good road, together with the circumstance of the lands and barony of Torrie, of which this property forms a part, being held in runrigg between the Master of Mortifications of Aberdeen and Mr Menzies of Pit-foddels, and a servitude of feal and divot, which existed over nearly one-third of the muir ground, in favour of the adjoining property of South Loirston, contributed in a great degree to retard the improvement of the land in this locality, notwithstanding its near vicinage to Aberdeen.

1841, Prize-essays and Transactions of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland:

(Scots law) A predial servitude (a legal interest by a non-owner connected with a piece of land) that grants the dominant tenant the right to cut out portions of turf for the construction or repair of sod structures such as houses, fences, or roofs.


Ichiro

Borrowed from Japanese いちろう (Ichirō), a given name with numerous possible original kanji.


bedroom tax

(UK politics) A reduction in housing benefit for people who live in social housing that is deemed underoccupied.


afterhand

an afterhand rent

(Scots law, archaic) Paid afterwards, rather than in advance.


Rasenna

From the Etruscan autonym, 𐌓𐌀𐌔𐌍𐌀 (rasna, “the people”).

The Rasenna were to the Romans a foreign nation speaking an unknown tongue.
[…]
The cities of the Rasenna in Campania, whose communications with the mother country, whether by land or sea, were not cut of, surrendered […].

1898, Walter Wybergh How, Henry Devenish Leigh, A History of Rome to the Death of Caesar, pages 12 and 79:

The Etruscan people of historical times—the Rasenna—were very likely the result of a gradual fusion of native and immigrant populations.

2013, Fred Kleiner, Gardner’s Art through the Ages: The Western Perspective:


Kaelynn

A female given name originating as a coinage, variant of Kaylyn.


beerage

Blend of beer + peerage, coined in the late 19th century in response to the awarding of honours to brewers.

(UK politics) The influence of the brewing industry within the British political system.


subfeu

From sub- + feu. Cognate with subfief and Latin subfeudum, subfeodare.

(Scots law, historical) A feu sublet by a vassal to a subvassal: a right to hold subinfeudated land in perpetuity in exchange for rent.


remeid

en-noun

remeid (countable and uncountable, plural remeids)

From Middle English remede, from Anglo-Norman and Old French remede. Doublet of remedy.

[…] the Commissioners of Burghs […] meet yearly at Inverkeithing “to treat of the welfare of merchandize, the good rule and statutes for the common profit of burghs, and to provide for remeid upon the skaith and injuries sustained within the burghs.”

1878, William Charles Smith, "Borough" in the Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. IV, p. 64

(dialect) Remedy.
(Scots law) Legal redress of a wrong.


Harappan

Their ancient language, spoken in the timeframe of 2600-1900 BCE.


Massachusettsan

United States of America
United States of America

A native or resident of the state of Massachusetts in the United States of America.


New Jerseyan

A native or resident of the state of New Jersey in the United States of America.


Coloradan

A native or resident of the state of Colorado in the United States of America.


Antwerpenaar

It is part of the prison constructed in one of the angles of the citadel, which was built by the Duke of Alva to keep the rebellious Antwerpenaars in check.

1876, Albert D. Vandam, “Genius en Négligé. Two Dutch Pictures by the Author of ‘Famous Bohemians,’ etc.”, in London Society. An Illustrated Magazine of Light and Amusing Literature for the Hours of Relaxation., volume XXIX, London: […], page 120, column 2:

At the head of the famous Antwerpenaars belonging to the immediate circle of Rubens stands Van Dyck.

1888, Conrad Busken Huet, translated by Albert Dresden Vandam, The Land of Rubens: A Companion for Visitors to Belgium and France, London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co., Ltd., page 156:

In helping him, these Antwerpenaars were risking not only death but torture—for he had Fräulein’s secrets.

1942, Katharine Roberts, Center of the Web, Garden City, N.Y.: The Crime Club, page 238:

[…] his fellow-citizens—they take pride in not being Antwerpenaars themselves.

1943, Belgium Zone Handbook, Ministry of Economic Warfare, page 11:

The spacious and idealistic plans of Willem Usselincx, one of the many ex-Antwerpenaars resident in Amsterdam, for the colonization of the New World as a new world, found no sympathetic hearing in realistic Amsterdam, and the West India Company was modelled fairly closely after the East India Company.

1950, Violet Barbour, Capitalism in Amsterdam in the Seventeenth Century, Johns Hopkins University Press, page 136:

In the early 1560s the Protestants there were strengthened both quantitatively and qualitatively by an influx of gentry and wealthy Antwerpenaars, who put this previously small group in touch with their co-religionists at Antwerp.

1973, Acta Historiae Neerlandicae: Studies on the History of the Netherlands, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, →ISBN, page 183:

It is otherwise difficult to account for the exodus of religious from the monasteries, the sharp decline in the generosity of Antwerpenaars towards their senior parish church throughout the 1520s, and the slump in the sales of indulgences in the diocese of Utrecht at the same time.

1985, Ivo Schöffer, edited by S. Groenveld, Bestuurders en Geleerden, Bataafsche Leeuw, →ISBN, page 23:

Gentenaars don't trust Antwerpenaars any more than Carolos the Liégeois, and it is a good guess that the present pressure for decentralization will not stop at the language group level at which it is currently keenest.

1985, Protectionism and Growth: EFTA Round Table, Geneva, 25 January 1985, European Free Trade Association, page 118:

To outsiders, they extended a message of welcome and reassurance, emphasising the fairness and probity of their commercial and legal institutions; to the less prosperous Antwerpenaars watching or taking part in the procession, the repeated message is that what is good for the Cooplieden is good for Antwerp and all its inhabitants, and that dissension and unrest are sinful and against nature.

1996, John Cartwright, “Forms and their Uses: The Antwerp Ommegangen, 1550–1700”, in Meg Twycross, editor, Festive Drama: Papers from the Sixth Triennial Colloquium of the International Society for the Study of Medieval Theatre, Lancaster, 13–19 July, 1989, D. S. Brewer, →ISBN, page 129:

The Antwerpenaars seem to be particularly interested in the herring supply in this account, a fact suggesting that improbable as it may seem on first glance, the large quantities of herring mentioned in the account of 1386-1387 may have been proceeding to Antwerp through Dendermonde after being taken to Ghent over the Lieve canal from Bruges.

1996, David Nicholas, Trade, Urbanisation, and the Family: Studies in the History of Medieval Flanders (Variorum Collected Studies), Variorum, Ashgate Publishing Limited, →ISBN, page 35:

Antwerpenaars have no such inhibitions, and know that – in their city, at least – this call will bring forth a man-sized glass of De Koninck (which translates as “The King”).

1998, Michael Jackson, Michael Jackson’s Great Beers of Belgium, Running Press, →ISBN, page 182:

At the request of several south German and Italian merchants and transporters (including the Jenisch, Welser, and Fugger firms), as well as some native Antwerpenaars, the city agreed to build a terminal of sorts for the overland trade with Germany and parts south.

2000, Donald J[ames] Harreld, High Germans in the Low Countries: German Merchants and Their Trade in Sixteenth-Century Antwerp, University of Minnesota, page 124:

By 1510 Antwerp was able to boast of three official chambers, The Gillyflower (De Violieren), The Marigold (De Goudbloem), and The Olive Branch (De Olijftak). Although this public support of rhetorician groups was not quite in the same league as in Ghent and Brussels, which supported four each, certainly Antwerpenaars could feel considerable pride in their patronage of three very active drama societies.

2000, Gary K. Waite, “The Chambers of Rhetoric in Antwerp”, in Reformers on Stage: Popular Drama and Religious Propaganda in the Low Countries of Charles V, 1515–1556, Toronto, Ont.: University of Toronto Press, →ISBN, page 51:

An Antwerp institution since its beginnings in 1972 and run by the family Espantoso, Las Mañas attracts not only the Spanish community, but Antwerpenaars seeking some sunshine and sangria.

2002, Brussels & Antwerp: Eating & Drinking (Time Out Guides), Penguin Books, →ISBN, page 187:

The Antwerpenaars feared that this regulation would put a mortgage on the future of the port.

2002, Werner van Hoof, Jan Blomme, editors, Momentum: Antwerp’s Port in the 19th and 20th Century, Pandora, →ISBN, page 45:

In 1541 Antwerpenaars consumed almost 170,000 liters of beer from Hoegaarden and the small village of Zoutleeuw.

2004, Richard W. Unger, Beer in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Philadelphia, Pa.: University of Pennsylvania Press, published 2007, →ISBN, page 96:

To be preferred over these, especially the choir of St. Jacob’s was admired, strangers and Antwerpenaars alike, for its ‘most exquisite, rare, and illustrious elegance, with so lucid and spacious an ambulatory, and surrounded on all sides, as it were, by marble chapels.’

2005, Hans Vlieghe, Katlijne Van der Stighelen, editors, Sponsors of the Past: Flemish Art and Patronage 1550–1700: Proceedings of the Symposium Organized at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, December, 14–15, 2001, Faculteit Letteren, Departement Archeologie, Kunstwetenschap en Musicologie, Brepols, →ISBN, page 121:

Gentenaars perhaps still feel they inhabit a capital city and tend to think big, if not quite as big as the Antwerpenaars.

2007, André de Vries, Flanders: A Cultural History (Landscapes of the Imagination), Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 65:

And Antwerpenaars (residents of Antwerp) will tell you that they speak better Flemish than Brugeans; if you visit more remote rural districts you will find even more regional differences.

2010, Des Hannigan, Sally Roy, Nia Williams, Europe Travelbook: The Guide to Premier Destinations, AAA, →ISBN, page 54:

In his opinion, this was a typically Dutch response, and others would not do it the same way. But Antwerpenaars also fashioned a self-image out of their flexibility and daring. Both ports measured themselves against the other.

2012, Michael Barry Miller, “[Ports] Antwerp”, in Europe and the Maritime World: A Twentieth-Century History, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, part one (Networks), page 46:

Similarly, Farnese’s offer of reconciliation to the city of Antwerp in November 1584 was reprinted with the Antwerpenaars’ reply in Antwerp, Delft, Dordrecht and Amsterdam.

2012, Monica Stensland, Habsburg Communication in the Dutch Revolt (Amsterdam Studies in the Dutch Golden Age), Amsterdam University Press, →ISBN, page 186:

The valour of the Crusaders which were emphasized in Scribani’s account also gave him the opportunity to expatiate on the courage of the Antwerpenaars who, as vassals of Godfroy, had accompanied him on his journey to the Holy Land.

2012, Raingard Esser, The Politics of Memory: The Writing of Partition in the Seventeenth-Century Low Countries (Brill’s Studies in Intellectual History; 208), Brill Publishers, →ISBN, pages 172–173:

The cozy interior oozes authentic charm and feels like it’s been the family living room of Antwerpenaars for generations.

2017, Rick Steves, Gene Openshaw, Rick Steves Belgium: Bruges, Brussels, Antwerp & Ghent, 2nd edition, Avalon Travel, Perseus Books, →ISBN:

It involved 2000 Antwerpenaars, who helped to measure levels of nitrogen dioxide by placing measuring tubes and sensors outside their windows.

2019, Ali Cheshmehzangi, Ayotunde Dawodu, Sustainable Urban Development in the Age of Climate Change: People: The Cure or Curse, Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, page 160:

As long as it did not lead to excesses (and, as stated earlier, persistent noisy squabbles), twentieth-century Antwerpenaars tended not to intervene in marital disputes.

2020, Antoon Vrints, translated by Michael Lomax, The Theatre of the Street: Public Violence in Antwerp During the First Half of the Twentieth Century, Brill Publishers, →ISBN, page 213:


Georgia Tech

(informal) Georgia Institute of Technology


Sac State

(informal) California State University, Sacramento


Vindelici

(historical) A former Celtic people of Switzerland and southern Germany.


Polonian

From New Latin Polonia (“Poland”) + -an.


Polonian

en-adj

Polonian (comparative more Polonian, superlative most Polonian)

more Polonian (comparative)
most Polonian (superlative)


RSL

Russian Sign Language
Russian Sign Language#English


Murri

From Gamilaraay mari (“Aboriginal man”).

[O]n the veranda a fight started round the dart-board and two of the Murris threw punches until the barman thumped them apart.

1979, Thea Astley, Hunting the Wild Pineapple, Nelson, page 24:

The local council wanted the Murries to live in town. (The council didn't care too much what the Murries themselves thought of this idea.)

1992, Bill Dodd, Broken Dreams, University of Queensland Press, unnumbered page:

1998, Margaret Henderson, Subdivisions of Suburbia, Andrew McCann (editor), Writing the Everyday, Australian Literary Studies, Volume 18, No. 4, University of Queensland Press, page 78,
She can confidently walk through the mall, and make the politico-spatial connections between what she sees (Murries sitting and begging, crowds of Chinese-Australians, police lurking), what she has experienced in Eagleby (dispossessed whites, Murries unaware of their heritage), and what she has learnt from Roger, Kerry, and the 'Anyday Story'.

‘The Murris don't work to whitefeller schedules. That's not the way it is.’

2002, Alex Miller, Journey to the Stone Country, Allen & Unwin, published 2003, page 15:

The immediate background to the event was several massacres, the killings of Murries at Teewah beach, and the "clearing" of the Dawson Valley where other Murries had been fighting a sort of guerilla war against the white invasion of the grasslands.

2006, Martin Cohen, No Holiday: 80 Places You Don't Want to Visit, The Disinformation Company Ltd., unnumbered page:

(Australian Aboriginal, Queensland, New South Wales) An indigenous Australian, especially one from Queensland or northern New South Wales.


Dave Spart

Coined by Private Eye, playing on the word Spartacist (“a member of the International Communist League”).

Now every Dave Spart up the commune knows that basically, to his mind, the only, like, real theatre, man, is made by the people, you know, in the street, man, in the street.

1981, Reyner Banham, Design by Choice, London: Academy Editions:

But of course there is no shortage of people with ingenious ideas about how public money should be spent, and Ken is quite right when he warns us about a whole new generation of Dave Sparts currently working up from the grass roots

We don't get many Dave Sparts these days chopping hands, invoking the working class and using the word "total" twice in every sentence.

Like McGuinness, Wark's Left is populated by a cast of grotesques; of Dave Sparts who sleep with copies of Trotsky's Literature and Revolution tucked under their pillows.


Lizabeth

“I'm a little out of practice,” Grant said. Lizabeth frowned as Grant bent down to pick up the fallen clubs. What was going on? He was an excellent juggler. She'd seen it with her own besotted eyes.

2015, Darlene Gardner, Three's Comedy: A Boxed Set of Romantic Comedies:


Long Islander

A native or resident of Long Island, a region of the state of New York.


Englisher

From English + -er (occupational suffix).

(dated or humorous) Synonym of Englishman: an English person.

A person who translates works into English.


Tigranes

From Latin Tigrānēs, from Ancient Greek Τιγράνης (Tigránēs).
[Alt: Tigran Mets.jpg]

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by several kings of Armenia


one-nation conservative

en-noun

one-nation conservative (plural one-nation conservatives)

one-nation conservatism
one-nation conservatism

(UK politics) A follower of one-nation conservatism.


one-nation conservatism

Refers to the fact that all classes are part of the same nation.

All this links Johnson firmly with his predecessors – Margaret Thatcher, John Major, David Cameron and Theresa May. So does (with Thatcher as the exception that proves the rule) his eagerness – on full display in his remarks in Downing Street on Friday – to employ that emptiest of empty signifiers, “one-nation Conservatism”.

[2019 December 14, Tim Bale, “The real Boris Johnson: one-nation Tory or raging populist?”, in The Observer, →ISSN:

(UK politics) A pragmatic paternalistic form of conservatism, conscious of working-class issues.


Kevan

A male given name from Irish, variant of Kevin.


Soph

A diminutive of the female given names Sophie or Sophia


Beauregard

/ˈboʊɹəɡɑɹd/


Ximena

A female given name from Spanish or Basque.


Rajbanshi

an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Nepal, closely related to Kamta/Rangpuri (Rajbongshi), and written in the Devanagari script


Babm

An international auxiliary language designed by Rikichi Okamoto.


Folkspraak

From Folkspraak folkspraak, from folk (“people”) + spraak (“language”).

constructed language
constructed language

A zonal constructed language based on Germanic languages.


Langue nouvelle

From French langue (“language”) + nouvelle (“new”).

An international auxiliary language created by Joachim Faiguet.


Solresol

From the name of the language in Solresol, based on the solfège notes so, re, and so.

Solresol reached a high-water mark in 1902, when Society head Boleslas Gajewski published a brief Grammaire du Solresol, which represented a refinement and expansion of the grammar rules set down in Sudre's 1866 guide.

Now his elderly widow, stringing telegraph wires around their Paris apartment and experimenting for five days solid, quickly developed a telegraphic version of Solresol in time to present it to the Minister of the Interior.

2015, Paul Collins, Banvard's Folly: Thirteen Tales of Renowned Obscurity, page 106:

A minor constructed language whose phonemes are based upon the solfège.


Interslavic

An international auxiliary language based on Slavic languages.


Hismaic

A form of the Ancient North Arabian language, from the Hisma sand-desert of southern Jordan and northwest Saudi Arabia.


Gabbie

'And Gabbie?'
'Gabbie?'
'Gabriella Patten. Have you spoken to her?'
'Gabbie.' Lynley mused over the diminutive as he tucked into his cornflakes.

1994, Elizabeth George, Playing for the Ashes, Bantam, →ISBN, page 355:

A diminutive of the female given names Gabriella or Gabrielle


Shiv

Variant of Shiva, from Sanskrit शिव (Śivá, “the auspicious one”).

der

A male given name from Sanskrit mainly used in India.


Shiv

From Siobhan and its other anglicised spellings.

'Hiya, Shiv. It's Bobby Hogan here.' Detective Inspector Bobby Hogan. She'd asked him before not to call her Shiv. A lot of people tried it. Siobhan, pronounced Shi-vawn, shortened to Shiv. When people wrote her name down, it turned into all sorts of erroneous spellings. She remembered that Fairstone had called her 'Shiv' a few times, attempting familiarity. She hated it, and knew she should correct Hogan, but she didn't.

2003, Ian Rankin, A Question of Blood, Orion, →ISBN, page 19:

A diminutive of the female given name Siobhan.


Sly

A diminutive of the male given name Sylvester.


Lwalu

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

A Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.


Isabela

Borrowed from Spanish Isabela. The province is named after Isabella II of Spain. Doublet of Isabelle.


Bremain

Blend of Britain + remain, by analogy with Brexit.

"We want Britain to remain in the EU. We want not "Brexit" but "Bremain"."

2015 June 22, David Milliken, “U.S. and EU face 'heavy lift' to get trade deal: EU ambassador”, in Reuters:

Like the old Tory trouper Michael Heseltine, I think we can rule out him leading the “Outers.” For Brexit, read Bremain.

2015 October 8, Paul Routledge, “Europe referendum is the big political issue – but where do the parties stand?”, in The Mirror:

Brexit or Bremain? That is the question British voters may have to answer in just five months’ time on 23 June, if David Cameron’s renegotiation ends with a deal at the EU summit in February.

2016 February 21, Timothy Garton Ash, “Whether Brexit or Bremain, fear will triumph over fear”, in The Guardian:

But today the disconnect was heightened further as London's army of Bremain-backing resident called on the city's new mayor Sadiq Khan, to declare Greater London and its nine million population an independent state.

2016 June 25, Jon Austin, “Could London become an EU state? Calls for independence after capital votes to Bremain”, in Express:

(UK politics) The fact of the United Kingdom remaining in the European Union.


Ionic Greek

The dialect of Ancient Greek used on Euboea and other islands in the Aegean Sea and in parts of Asia Minor, from around 1000 to 300 B.C.E., closely related to Attic Greek and contributing a great deal to Epic Greek. The language of Herodotus, Hippocrates, and Archilochus.

ionien

dialect of Ancient Greek used on Euboea and elsewhere ~1000–300 BC


Attic Greek

The dialect of Ancient Greek used in Attica, the region surrounding Athens, from 500 to 300 B.C.E., closely related to Ionic Greek and a main contributor to Koine Greek. The language of Thucydides, Plato, Aeschylus, Xenophon, etc.

ատտիկյան

pre-eminent Ancient Greek dialect used in Attica 500–300 BC

阿提卡希腊语

Ātíkǎ Xīlà yǔ


Koren

Koren Zailckas, b. 1980

Koren Robinson, b. 1980


Emesene

This association may be explained by the kinship between the Emesene gods and those of Baalbek.

2005, Maurice Sartre, The Middle East Under Rome, →ISBN, page 77:

The Emesene guardsman's blade sparked off the marble.

2011, Harry Sidebottom, Lion of the Sun: Warrior of Rome, →ISBN:

But the names were presumably popular Emesene ones and may not necessarily refer to the royal family, despite the names' close associations with both the ruling dynasty and the Emesene Sun cult.

2016, Warwick Ball, Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire, →ISBN:

Of or pertaining to Emesa or its region.


Egan

en-proper noun

Egan (countable and uncountable, plural Egans)

From Irish Ó hAodhagáin, literally, “descendant of Aodhagán”, from Old Irish Áedacán, from Áed + -acán, from áed (“fire”).

(countable) An unknown-gender given name transferred from the surname


BoJo

(UK politics, slang) The British politician and journalist Boris Johnson (born 1964), Mayor of London from 2008 to 2016 and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2019 to 2022.


Corona

All ultimately from Latin corōna (“crown”).
* (Corona, California): From Spanish corona (“crown, wreath”), chosen to play upon a unique feature of the city, the one-mile diameter drive that circled the center of the town.
* (Corona, New Mexico):
* (Corona, South Dakota): May be a transfer from Corona, Queens.
* (Corona, Queens): One theory is that it was renamed by music producer Benjamin W. Hitchcock, a developer who renamed the area in 1872 and sold off land for residential development. Another theory is that real estate developer Thomas Waite Howard, who became the first postmaster in 1872, petitioned to have the post office name changed to Corona in 1870, suggesting that it was the “crown of Queens County”. A third theory is that it is derived from the crown used as an emblem by the Crown Building Company, which is said to have developed the area. The Italian immigrants who moved into the new housing stock referred to the neighborhood by Italian corona or Spanish corona (“crown”).
* (surname): 1. From Spanish corona and Italian corona (“crown”), perhaps applied as a habitational name for someone who lived in a house with this sign, or as a nickname for someone who had a tonsure in fulfillment of a religious vow or who had influence and power. 2. From Italian Corona, a female given name, of the same derivation.
* (given name): From Late Latin Corōna, meaning “crown”.
* (beer): From Spanish corona (“crown”).
* (coronavirus): Clipping of coronavirus, from corona + virus.
* (cigar): From Spanish La Corona (literally “The Crown”), the name of a brand.

bor

“Scott—Corona Scott.” She stretched to shake his hand across the narrow aisle. “But my friends call me Rona—Corona sounds a bit uppish, so I've been told.” / “Gordon C. McCormick—Gordy,” he introduced himself, giving her another grin.

2011, M. R. Tighe, Judgment on Tartarus, Tucson, AZ: Wheatmark, →ISBN, page 3:

Tom Hanks has sent a letter and a Corona brand typewriter to an Australian boy who wrote to him about being bullied about his name, Corona. / Corona De Vries, an eight-year-old from the Gold Coast in Queensland, wrote to the Hollywood star after the actor and his wife, Rita Wilson, spent more than two weeks in quarantine after testing positive for Covid-19.

2020 April 24, “Tom Hanks pens heartfelt letter to bullied Australian boy named Corona”, in The Guardian:


Central Kurdish

The Kurdish language spoken by the majority of Kurds in Iran and Iraq.


Claytonian

A native or inhabitant of any of the places called Clayton.


Little Red Book

In reference to the book's red colour, and because red is the traditional colour representing Communism.

Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung, a book widely distributed in Communist China.


Gwynn

en-prop

Gwynn (countable and uncountable, plural Gwynns)


Gwynne

Gwynne (countable and uncountable, plural Gwynnes)

(less common) A female given name from Welsh.

A hamlet in the County of Wetaskiwin No. 10, central Alberta, Canada.


Slobbovian

An imaginary language spoken in the imaginary country Slobbovia


Adell

A male given name from the Germanic languages, of rare usage, variant of Adel.


Round Table

Then, after a while, King Arthur said: "Let us go and see if, haply, this youth's name is marked upon any of the seats of the Round Table, for I think it should be there."

1905, Howard Pyle, The Story of the Champions of the Round Table, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, page 21:

(Arthurian legend) King Arthur's table in the Arthurian legend, around which he and his knights congregate, all having equal status since the table has no head.


Brexiteer

/ˌbɹɛksɪˈtɪə(ɹ)/

From Brexit + -eer, playing on musketeer and the novel The Three Musketeers.

After Ken Clarke's "Charge of Light Brigade" hit on Brexiteers in @Daily_Telegraph, Defra SoS likened to Lord Raglan in #CAP reform debate

2013 June 18, Huw Irranca-Davies, “@huw4ogmore”, in Twitter, archived from the original on 2016-11-16:

Whether you are a Europhile or a Brexiteer, it’s hard to see what’s not to like about a market-driven initiative that aims to pull down barriers to more investment across Europe.

2015 October 4, William Wright, “A plan from Brussels where Britain can take the lead”, in The Daily Telegraph, London, archived from the original on 2018-11-09:

Denying he [David Cameron] was a "closet Brexiteer", as his former aide Steve Hilton has claimed, the PM told reporters: "I withdraw absolutely nothing I've previously said. Britain is an amazing country. We can find our way whatever the British people choose.

2016 May 27, “David Cameron: I am not a closet Brexiteer”, in The Herald, Glasgow:

A leading Tory Brexiteer has insisted quitting the EU does not mean the numbers of people coming to Britain will be slashed – and claimed Vote Leave never said it would.

2016 June 25, Tim Sculthorpe, “Tory Brexiteer Dan Hannan insists quitting the EU does NOT mean dramatic cuts to the number of immigrants coming to Britain”, in Daily Mail, London, archived from the original on 2016-06-26:

For Brexiteers in the UK, a free trade deal with the US was one of several promises made before and after the 2016 referendum that have failed to come to fruition.

2023 July 8, Jo Harper, “UK-US: What's happened to their free trade deal?”, in dw.com:

[Margaret] Thatcher was no Brexiteer. She was a strong supporter of the Single Market and thought that the [Channel] tunnel would help cement it.

2023 December 27, Christian Wolmar, “Hope springs eternal for greater use of the Channel Tunnel”, in RAIL, number 999, page 26:

(UK politics) Someone who supports Brexit, the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union.

Completing the Three Brexiteers is Boris Johnson, the UK's new Foreign Secretary.

2016 July 14, Christian May, “May and the three Brexiteers lead Britain”, in City A.M., London:

For newspapers with only the Olympics to write about during August, the squabbling "Three Brexiteers" – the senior ministers supposedly tasked with executing the will of the British people to remove us from the European Union – came as a gift.

2016 September 7, Simon Heffer, “The Three Brexiteers”, in New Statesman, London, published 9–15 September 2016, archived from the original on 2018-10-20:

She [British Prime Minister Theresa May] urges people to get behind the team of ministers working for Brexit: David Davis, Liam Fox, Priti Patel and Boris Johnson. (It seems Patel has now been co-opted as a fourth Brexiteer.)

2016 October 2, Andrew Sparrow, “May says workers’ rights will be protected as long as she is PM – Politics live”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 2017-01-06:

That was until she announced that Boris Johnson would have to share Chevening, the foreign secretary’s grace-and-favour country retreat, with his fellow cabinet Brexiteers, David Davis and Liam Fox.

2016 October 31, Matt Chorley, “Bluster, bickering and three Brexiteers: Stage is set for a satire made in heaven: Yes Minister creator finds comic gold among Chevening’s trio of new tenants”, in The Times, London, archived from the original on 2017-01-08:

It's worth remembering all the Three Brexiteers, who campaigned to Leave, are still in place.

2017 June 11, Anoosh Chakelian, “Government reshuffle: Who’s who in Theresa May’s new team?: While attempting to cling on to power, the Prime Minister is making some new appointments”, in New Statesman, London, archived from the original on 2017-08-15:

At the moment, our future is being decided by Theresa May’s desperate attempts to remain as prime minister (and to do this she has to kowtow to the wishes of the three Brexiteers Boris Johnson, David Davis, and Jacob Rees-Mogg). The future, therefore, is not being decided by us.

2018 August 11, Athian Akec, “As a 15-year-old youth MP, I can tell you why ignoring our young people on the final Brexit deal will be a disaster”, in The Independent, London, archived from the original on 2018-08-15:

(UK politics) Usually in plural: a holder of any of the posts in the British Cabinet tasked with negotiating the country's exit from the European Union.


Baniwa

A member of a group of South American Indians inhabiting the Amazon Region, in the border area of Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela and along the Rio Negro and its tributaries.


Baniwa

An Arawakan language spoken in Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil.

Curripaco

sometimes considered a separate language from the Baniwa language(s)


Bodder

Jocular modification of Bodleian + -er. See Oxford "-er".

(Oxford University slang, archaic) The Bodleian Library.


Vikky

A female given name, alternative form of Vicky


Khaling

a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Nepal and India


Ngaanyatjarra

Western Desert language
Western Desert language

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in the Warburton Ranges of central Australia; a major dialect of the Western Desert language group.


Ngaanyatjarra

Pertaining to the Ngaatjatjarra language or the people who speak it.


Huntingtonian

A follower of the ideologies of the English Calvinist preacher William Huntington (1745-1813).


Bloody Code

(historical) A schedule of crimes and punishments in 19th-century England that introduced the death penalty for numerous offences.


Oti

An extinct language isolate once spoken in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, between the Peixe and Pardo rivers.


Gallo-Romance

This contact zone is characterized by numerous transitions and continuities. Gascon and Catalan form a transition between Ibero- and Gallo-Romance; Francoprovençal functions as a mediator between northern and southern Gallo-Romance; and the three dialect groups of Raeto-Romance constitute the transitional area between Gallo-Romance and Italo-Romance, especially the northern Italian dialects which are best grouped under the label 'Gallo-Italic'.

Georg Bossong, Classifications, in: 2016, Adam Ledgeway, Martin Maiden (eds.), The Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages (Oxford Guides to the World's Languages), p. 63ff., here p. 66

A language family, comprising Romance languages spoken in France, northern Italy and northern Spain. Specifically Walloon, Picard, Norman, French, Franco-Provençal, although broader definitions include Occitano-Romance, Rhaeto-Romance (Romansch, Ladin, Friulian) and/or Gallo-Italic (e.g. Lombard) languages


Ngawun

An extinct Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken in Queensland.


Getae

From Latin Getae, from Ancient Greek Γέται (Gétai).

(historical) A Dacian tribe inhabiting the regions of the lower Danube.


Franco-Levantine

en-adj

Franco-Levantine (comparative more Franco-Levantine, superlative most Franco-Levantine)

more Franco-Levantine (comparative)
most Franco-Levantine (superlative)

Is she not herself in Egypt also taken in the toils of Franco-Levantine influences, as dominant at Cairo as they are at Constantinople ?

1917, Stephen Lucius Gwynn, Gertrude M. Tuckwell, The Life of the Rt. Hon. Sir Charles W. Dilke, Bart., M.P., page 480:

This renowned Franco-Levantine restaurant and bar provides a welcome escape from the bustle of the city centre.

2001, Dorling Kindersley, Egypt, →ISBN, page 283:

In the case of Maadi the tone would be unmistakably English and in the case of Heliopolis, Franco-Levantine.

2001, Mercedes Volait, Le Caire-Alexandrie architectures européennes, 1850-1950, →ISBN, page 107:

Characteristic of the culture of Franco-Levantines.


duplicand

(Scots law) A doubling of the duty to be paid on a feu.


red box

gray-box testing
red box
white box (software engineering)

Coordinate term: dispatch box

Downing Street has rejected suggestions that David Cameron might have caused a security breach by briefly leaving his official ministerial red box unaccompanied on the table of a train carriage.

2013 September 9, Ben Quinn, “No 10 denies David Cameron red box security breach”, in The Guardian:

(UK politics) A secure briefcase-like box used by ministers in the British government to carry their documents.


Dear Abby

An advice column written under the pen name Abigail Van Buren.


Niniane

(Arthurian legend) A priestess in Arthurian legend who succeeded Viviane as Lady of the Lake.


Igraine

(Arthurian legend) The mother of King Arthur.


Friscan

Friscan (comparative more Friscan, superlative most Friscan)

more Friscan (comparative)
most Friscan (superlative)


Geronimo

A male given name from Italian, equivalent to English Jerome


Jarai

A Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by the Jarai people.


Bobert

Bobert gave the audience a coy glance.

2001, Bart Wheeler, Barn-Like Rome, →ISBN, page 186:

Bobert guided her into the opening of the barn.

2014, Barbara D. Gaylor, Hammock Bound, →ISBN:

Flooded with relief, I waited as Bobert took out a notepad and pen.

2016, Darynda Jones, The Dirt on Ninth Grave, →ISBN:


Kotiria

Borrowed from Guanano [Term?] (literally “water people”). See ko (“water”).


Winnet

Diminutive of Winifred used in 18th- and 19th-century America.


K-Mid

K-Mid’s look was completed with grey Rupert Sanderson high heels. Unusually, her hair was curled beneath the brim for the Queen’s Commonwealth Day service at Westminster Abbey.

2016, Joely Chilcott, Fifty shades of K: Duchess shows her greys in drab hat and coat (in The Sun newspaper)

(UK, slang) Kate Middleton, Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge.


fastwalker

From fast + walker, from the notion that UFOs travel fast. Originally a code word created by NORAD.


Proto-Central Algonquian

(linguistics, historical) The formerly-hypothesized proto-language of the Central Algonquian languages, now recognized to be in effect Proto-Algonquian because Central Algonquian is not a genetic group.


Gwendie

Short for Gwendoline or variants, + -ie.


Maltraljan

A variety of the Maltese language spoken in Australia.


Cape Dutch

The people of the Western Cape of South Africa, descended from Dutch and other European immigrants and their Asian and African slaves, who remained more or less loyal subjects of European powers into the 19th century.

(South Africa, derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur, dated) Afrikaner people


Cape Dutch

A Dutch dialect of South Africa, which developed into Afrikaans.


Cranborne money

Named after Lord Cranborne, who was leader of the House of Lords when it was introduced on 27 November 1996.

(UK politics) An annual payment made to opposition parties in the House of Lords, to help them with their costs.


Short money

Named after Edward Short (later Lord Glenamara), the leader of the House of Commons who first proposed the payments.

(UK politics) An annual payment made to opposition parties in the House of Commons, to help them with their costs.


where do I sign up

(rhetorical question) Expresses interest in doing something.


Benedicite

/ˌbɛnəˈdiːt͡ʃɪteɪ/

From Latin benedīcite, a plural imperative of benedīcō (“I bless, I praise”, literally “I say well [of]”).

But one or two, who nourished in their bosoms respect for the downfallen hierarchy—casting first a timorous glance around, to see that no one observed them—hastily crossed themselves—bent their knee to sister Magdalen, by which name they saluted her—kissed her hand, or even the hem of her dalmatique—received with humility the Benedicite with which she repaid their obeisance; […]

1820, [Walter Scott], chapter XIII, in The Abbot. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne & Co.] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and for Archibald Constable and Company, and John Ballantyne, […], →OCLC, page 266:

A canticle, the Latin version of which begins with the word benedīcite (“praise ye!”), which may be used in the order for morning prayer in Roman Catholic and Anglican churches.


would it kill someone

Would it kill you to pay more attention in lectures?

(rhetorical question) Indicates the speaker is annoyed that someone is not doing something they should do.


you call this

You call this a party?

(rhetorical question, informal) Used to indicate that something is unsatisfactory, inadequate, substandard.


Nicey

A female given name, diminutive of Eunice.


Kiyomi

Yamaguchi and Hedican also wanted to start a family, and their wishes came true when daughter Keara Kiyomi Hedican was born on October 1, 2003.

2013, Judy L. Hasday, Kristi Yamaguchi, Infobase Publishing, page 76:


Synthia

A rare (non-standard) spelling of Cynthia.


would it hurt

Would it hurt to say "please" once in a while?

(rhetorical question) Used to point out that the interlocutor is failing to do something relatively easy that they should be doing.


Remainiac

Though no Remainiac, I will vote in.

2016 June 11, Rachel Johnson, “RACHEL JOHNSON: Just stop picking on my big brother! (But, sorry Boris, I'm still voting In)”, in The Daily Mail:

Nevertheless, given that my proxy vote is safely secured back in Blighty, an international festival for creativity provides perfect context to ask the question, 'If the EU referendum were a competition in branding, which camp would win?’ Who gets your branding vote, Brexiteer or Remainiac?

2016 June 23, Greg Taylor, “If the EU referendum were a competition in branding, which side would win?”, in The Drum:

2017 August 2, Chris Campbell, “What was the point? Ferrari slates Remainiac in Brexit row for trying to ruin the Proms”, in Daily Express:

Together, they’ve conquered Middle England and seen of the Remainiacs.

2017 August 14, Julia Rampen, “5 unmissable Nigel Farage scenes from Bad Boys of Brexit: The Movie”, in New Statesman:

(UK politics, slang, neologism) One who opposes the idea of Brexit and wishes the United Kingdom to remain a member of the European Union.


Zaynab

Arabic زَيْنَب (zaynab, literally “fragrant flower”).


Marylyn

A female given name, variant of Marilyn.


Antarean

(science fiction) A native or inhabitant of Antares.


Chiwere

A Siouan language originally spoken by the Missouria, Otoe, and Iowa peoples.


Debs

A short form of the female given name Deborah.


Zarphatic

From Hebrew צָרְפַת (tsar'fát, “France”) + -ic.

An extinct Romance language, formerly spoken among the French Jews of northern France and in parts of west-central Germany.


Clevelander

The Clevelander took offense to his city being referred to as the "Mistake by the Lake".


Jenson

A male given name transferred from the surname, variant of Jensen


Tagoi

A Rashad language, closely related to Tegali, spoken near the town of Rashad in southern Kordofan in Sudan.


Wash

A diminutive of the male given name Washington.


Istro-Venetian

The dialect of Venetian spoken in Istria.


Serzh

From Armenian Սերժ (Serž). Doublet of Sergey.


Chelsey

A female given name transferred from the place name, variant of Chelsea.


Agravain

(Arthurian legend) One of the knights of the Round Table in Arthurian legend.


Saigonese

(linguistics) A dialect of Vietnamese spoken in and around Saigon.


Thatcher effect

Named after British prime minister Margaret Thatcher (1925–2013), whose image was used as an example.

named-after

The phenomenon whereby it is more difficult to detect local feature changes in an upside-down face, despite identical changes being obvious in an upright face.


Thatcher illusion

Named after British prime minister Margaret Thatcher (1925–2013).

optical illusion
optical illusion#English

The optical illusion resulting from the Thatcher effect.


Natty

A diminutive of the female given name Natalie.


Myrna

Anglicization of Irish Muirne (“beloved”). Popularized by the American actress Myrna Loy.


Corbynmania

As Corbynmania took off, a paper cup he had drunk from at a rally was sold on eBay for £51.

2016, Rosa Prince, Comrade Corbyn: A Very Unlikely Coup:

Neither he, nor anyone else, had counted on 'Corbynmania' sweeping the Labour ranks as a growing base of young activists got fired up by an antiausterity message and the unassuming, authentic character promoting it.

(UK politics, neologism) Enthusiasm for Jeremy Corbyn (born 1949), British socialist politician elected leader of the Labour Party in 2015.


Kaylyn

A female given name originating as a coinage.


Mordecai

Borrowed from Hebrew מָרְדֳּכַי (mordocháy).


Latinx

The gender-neutral suffix -x replaces the gendered Spanish suffixes -a and -o. Reinforced by United States Spanish latinx.

-a-o-x

(which see for more)

"Black and/or Latinx transgender people often find ourselves the target of increased police hostility,..."

2015, Eric A. Stanley, Nat Smith, Captive Genders: Trans Embodiment and the Prison Industrial Complex, →ISBN:

There is also the fact that, from an early age, people of color— especially young black people and to some extent Hispanic and Latinx/Latino/Latina people—are automatically sexualized to a higher degree by white observers [...]

2015, Julie Decker, The Invisible Orientation: An Introduction to Asexuality, →ISBN:

[…] anti-black racism, anti-Latinx racism, […]

2016, Charles J. Sykes., Fail U.: The False Promise of Higher Education, →ISBN, page 188:

Police found no weapon on 93% of the people stopped, and it is unclear what was found on the remaining 7%. Actually, among people that the police frisked, black and Latinx people were less likely than white people to have a weapon on them.

2019 November 18, Derecka Purnell, “Bloomberg's weak apology for stop-and-frisk is too little, too late”, in The Guardian:

(chiefly US, sometimes proscribed, sometimes offensive, see usage notes) Of Latin American descent or origin.


Latinx

en-noun

Latinx (plural Latinxs or Latinx or Latinxes)

Latinxs (plural)
Latinx (plural)
Latinxes (plural)

Spanish: latinx

(which see for more)

@nmoon Looks can be deceiving, but I "see" no Latinx, several multi-racials, 3 whites 90% AfrAm. I don't see anyone who looks solely AsAmer

2008 July 26, Elisa Camahort Page, “Elisa Camahort Page on Twitter”, in Twitter, archived from the original on 2016-11-17:

@metalmujer @soylamar there's also a variant with an x (Latinxs, maestrxs, etc.) but not quite as popular as @

2011 April 20, Karari Kue, “Karari Kue on Twitter”, in Twitter, archived from the original on 2016-11-17:

@kararikue @metalmujer I would love to read more abt the variations of Latin@ Latinx send me links, working on a presentation on diversity

2011 April 21, Reina Valenzuela, “Reina Valenzuela on Twitter”, in Twitter, archived from the original on 2016-11-17:

Asian Latinxs … Chicanxs/Latinxs …

2015 Fall, City on a Hill Press-Primer, page 30

Exclusion mainly occurs because Latinxs are conceived by the dominant Euroamerican culture as not belonging, as perpetual “illegals.”

2016, Miguel A. De La Torre, The U.S. Immigration Crisis: Toward an Ethics of Place, page 72:

[And] there is no reason Latinxs shouldn't be the ones to fill them.

Do stars with “hyphenated identities” have a responsibility to their constituencies (for example, a Latinx star to young Latinxes)?

2019, Kristin Lené Hole, Dijana Jelača, Film Feminisms: A Global Introduction, Routledge, →ISBN:

Her [Lucila D. Ek’s] research focuses on the bilingualism, biliteracy, and identities of Latinxes.

2019, “Author Biographies”, in Inmaculada M. García-Sánchez, Marjorie Faulstich Orellana, editors, Language and Cultural Practices in Communities and Schools: Bridging Learning for Students from Non-Dominant Groups, New York, N.Y., London: Routledge, →ISBN, page xiii:

Similarly, White Latinx people, who can pass in the United States as part of the dominant culture, sometimes experience pressure to not identify as Latinx or are told they are not as Latinx as brown-hued Latinxes.

2019, Grisel Y. Acosta, editor, Latina Outsiders Remaking Latina Identity, Routledge, →ISBN:

Dr Pigozzi’s book is essential reading for professionals who want to deliver effective and equitable care for Latinx.

2020, Teddie M. Potter, “Foreword”, in Laura Maria Pigozzi, Caring for and Understanding Latinx Patients in Health Care Settings, Jessica Kingsley Publishers, →ISBN, page 10:

Seventy percent of Latinxes’ ages 5 and older speak English proficiently, yet English proficiency varies across bilingual communities in the U.S. South Americans have the largest percentage (66.8%) of children who speak English very well, while 43.1% of Mexicans and 41.0% of Central American children (ages 5 – 18 years) speak English less than well.

2020, Sheila Bridges-Bond, “A Bilingual Child Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)”, in Diane M. Scott, editor, Cases on Communication Disorders in Culturally Diverse Populations (Advances in Linguistics and Communication Studies), IGI Global, →ISBN, page 92:

With the 2000 and 2016 presidential elections being decided by the electoral college rather than the popular vote, the distribution of Latinx is of prime political importance. Latinx are learning that the best defenses against xenophobic laws are U.S. citizenship and the right to vote.

2020, Edwin David Aponte, Miguel A. De La Torre, Introducing Latinx Theologies, Orbis Books, →ISBN:

The following section seeks to deepen our understanding of the heterogeneity of Latinxes.

2020, Desiree D. Zerquera, Jasmine Haywood, Martín De Mucha, “More Than Nuance: Recognizing and Serving the Diversity of the Latinx Community”, in Robert T. Teranishi, Bach Mai Dolly Nguyen, Cynthia M. Alcantar, Edward R. Curammeng, editors, Measuring Race: Why Disaggregating Data Matters for Addressing Educational Inequality (James A. Banks, editor, Multicultural Education), Teachers College Press, →ISBN, part II (Unmasking Educational Inequality Through Disaggregated Data), page 157:

Recent national elections launched millions of young people, women, working people, LGBTQIA+ people; those concerned about the environment; Blacks, Latinxes, and immigrants fighting voter suppression; and others into electoral politics, movement building, and community organizing.

2021, Nicholas Freudenberg, “From Now to Next: How to Build a Movement for Another World”, in At What Cost: Modern Capitalism and the Future of Health, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 298:

GARCÍA I think that's such a great way of thinking about some of the critical issues that we're facing today as Latino/Latina/Latinxes, however you identify yourself, in the United States.

2021, Michael M. Chemers, editor, The Theatre of Luis Valdez, Routledge, →ISBN:

While Farrakhan’s body gains its meaning through relationship to the Wheel, his true “mother,” Farrakhan is connected to the meaning of black women’s bodies and to all “black” people’s bodies—black in all the colors and “races” of blackness—historically, Native Americans, Asians, Latinxes, and the people of African descent, among whom African Americans are most significant.

2022, Stephen C. Finley, In and Out of This World: Material and Extraterrestrial Bodies in the Nation of Islam, Duke University Press, →ISBN:

Latinxes often view their achievements as being dependent on the outcome of others.

2022, Bryan Powell, Gareth Dylan Smith, editors, Places and Purposes of Popular Music Education: Perspectives from the Field, Intellect, →ISBN:

The handbook authors draw on their methodological expertise and demonstrate in their individual chapters how Latinx are crafting lived theologies of liberation through their words, actions, and embodied faith. […] Reimagining Christianity and its theological constructs, and proclaiming what it can be for US Latinx, as well as demonstrating what this looks like, is at the heart of all of the chapters.

2022, Kristy Nabhan-Warren, “Introduction: Una Historia de perseverancia y resiliencia pueblo (A People’s History of Perseverance and Resilience)”, in The Oxford Handbook of Latinx Christianities in the United States, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 4:

(chiefly US, sometimes proscribed, sometimes offensive, see usage notes) A Latin person (of any gender); a Latino or Latina.


Gigi

Borrowed from French Gigi. Sometimes a pet form of English names such as Virginia or Genesis.
Occasionally from initials G.G. (e.g. George General 'Gigi' Gryce).


City of Hate

In reference to the assassination of John F. Kennedy.


Haketia

An endangered Jewish Romance language spoken in North-Africa.


Grady

From the Irish surname, from Ó Grádaigh (see O'Grady) or Mag Bhrádaigh (see McGrady).


are you a man or a mouse

(rhetorical question) Are you a courageous man or a coward?


man in black

Coordinate term: black helicopter

Ever since the cessation of activity by Albert Bender in 1954, and followed closely by a few others, whose disappear[a]nce though less spectacular, from this field of work, caused a stir among the then active workers; the words he used in reference to his case "that he had been visited by three men in black, who demanded that he cease his investigations" left many to conjecture as to who they were, and what was their reason and who they represented.

1958, The Australian Saucer Record, volume 4, number 4, page 1:

Often they arrive at the scene of a UFO landing before those involves have had a chance to tell their story to the authorities, indicating that these Men-in-Black can read – as well as CONTROL – minds.

1991 March 26, John A. Keel, “Who are the UFO silencers?”, in Weekly World News, volume 12, number 25, page 8:

In many UFO sightings in which evidence of the sighting is claimed to exist, government "men in black" are reported to appear at the witnesses' doors demanding the evidence and threatening witnesses in the event they divulge any information regarding their sighting.

1995, James L. Thompson, Alien encounters: the deception menace, Cedar Fort, page 52:

Stories of “men-in-black,” who confront those who have witnessed a UFO with the intention of persuading them to keep their knowledge of space creatures a secret, are also amenable to folkloristic analysis.

1995, John A. Saliba, “UFO Contactee Phenomena from a Sociopsychological Perspective: A Review”, in The Gods have landed: new religions from other worlds, SUNY Press, page 218:

(ufology) A covert government operative, wearing a black suit and black aviator sunglasses, believed by conspiracy theorists to cover up UFO incidents.


Brexiter

/ˈbɹɛɡzɪtə(ɹ)/

2016 February 20, Timothy Garton Ash, “Here’s how to argue with a Brexiter – and win”, in The Guardian, title:

Trump and the Tory Brexiters are cut from the same cloth.

2016 March 2, Deborah Orr, “What do Trump and Brexiters have in common? A disregard for all but themselves”, in The Guardian:

The proposal, made ahead of Thursday's crucial vote on Britain's continued EU membership, is designed to deflect accusations that Brexiters - as supporters of Britain's exit from the EU are popularly known - have used crude anti-immigrant and racist slogans to pollute the political debate during the EU referendum campaign and may have even indirectly inspired last week's murder of Mrs Jo Cox, a local opposition MP and fervent migration defender.

2016 June 21, Jonathan Eyal, “Brexiter's call for amnesty for illegals seen as a gimmick”, in The Straits Times:


Number Eleven

11 Downing Street
11 Downing Street#English

(UK politics, colloquial) Synonym of 11 Downing Street


11 Downing Street

(UK politics) The address of the residence in London of the Chancellor of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom.

Chancellor of the Exchequer
Chancellor of the Exchequer

(UK politics, by extension, idiomatic) The title or office of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

(UK politics, by extension, idiomatic) HM Treasury of the United Kingdom.


Josella

"Sh!" said Josella, holding up a finger, and turning her ear to the wind. I held my breath, and strained my ears.

1951, John Wyndham, The Day of the Triffids:


Johnsonism

Johnsonism (countable and uncountable, plural Johnsonisms)

Truss won the race to replace Johnson by presenting herself as both the continuity candidate[…]and the new guard who would do away with all the boring bits of Johnsonism, such as raising taxes to pay for things.

2022 October 14, Tom McTague, “The Liz Truss Travesty Becomes Britain’s Humiliation”, in The Atlantic, retrieved 2022-10-15:

(UK politics) The ideology, doctrine and practice of former United Kingdom Prime Minister Boris Johnson.


remainer

The government’s “bullish” and “macho” approach to Brexit should not stop Conservative backbenchers from tabling amendments to the crucial repeal bill, a leading Tory remainer has said.

2017 September 4, “End ‘macho’ Brexit posturing, Anna Soubry urges May”, in The Guardian:

The reason this once-devout remainer doggedly sticks to these lines is obvious: even if opinion polling suggests that residual popular belief in Brexit is now ebbing away, the Labour party has to secure the support of people who voted leave in 2016, switched from Labour to the Tories in 2019, and would supposedly greet any talk of revisiting the basics of Brexit with anger and dismay.

2023 January 1, John Harris, “The wreckage of Brexit is all around us. How long can our politicians indulge in denial?”, in The Guardian:

(UK politics) Alternative letter-case form of Remainer


UKIPer

A supporter or member of UKIP (United Kingdom Independence Party)


Regrexit

Blend of regret + Brexit, said to have been coined on 24 June 2016 by one Carl Gardner in a Twitter post (see quotations) following the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum on 23 June 2016.

Labour has one chance now. To emerge within weeks as Britain's centrist "Regrexit Unionist" party. If it did that, even I might forgive it.

2016 June 24, Carl Gardner (@carlgardner), Twitter, archived from the original on 2016-11-02:

There are leave voters who confessed to reporters that they never thought their side would actually win, that their vote had only ever been intended as a protest, presumed to be safe because surely everyone else would vote the other way. […] A Twitter user came up with a new coinage for this rapid form of buyer's remorse: Regrexit. […] When some of those leave voters see that Brexit has not brought back the good jobs of old, that housing is still in desperately short supply and that a migrant family still lives round the corner, the Regrexit sentiment will grow.

2016 June 24, Jonathan Freedland, “For the 48%, this was a day of despair: Soon we will become little Britain. The signs of Regrexit are cold comfort for those of us who voted to remain.”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 2016-09-13, subtitle:

From reports, the UK is moving rapidly from Brexit to Regrexit.

2016 June 26, Abhidevananda <abhide...@sarkarverse.org>, “Re: Brexit”, in uk.philosophy.humanism (Usenet), message-ID <t9ybz.34812$LR2.4319@fx26.fr7>:

In the spirit of Brexit, these attitudes even have their own media-friendly nickname: Bregret or Regrexit.

2016 June 27, Adam Taylor, “Bregret? Regrexit? Don't bet on it.”, in The Washington Post, archived from the original on 2016-10-06:

There were many reasons for the Leave vote, and Regrexit is now gaining momentum.

2016 June 29, Anna Wallis, “Brexit lessons here”, in Wanganui Chronicle:

Within a few days, petitions to re-do the vote emerged with more than four million signatures, known as 'Regrexit.'

2017, Markus M.L. Crepaz, European Democracies, Routledge, →ISBN:

There's a chance, especially with the 'Regrexit' sentiment surfacing, that the U.K. will still be part of the EU in two years.

2018, Victor O. Okocha, Leadership and Development Crises in Africa: A New Approach to an Old Challenge, Dorrance Publishing, →ISBN, page 234:

(UK politics) A feeling of regret about Brexit taking place, or about having voted for it.


N'ko

A literary language itself written in the script.


Kristang

From Malay Kristang, from Portuguese cristão. Cognate with Japanese キリシタン (kirishitan, “early Japanese Christianity”).

cog

Malacca Creole Portuguese
Malacca Creole Portuguese#English


Elie

Variously a form of Elijah used in Romanian, French, and some other languages, or short for names like Eliezer.

Elie Faure (author of a 1922 History of Art)

Elie Wiesel (author of Night)


Annobonese

A Portuguese creole spoken in Annobón Province, Equatorial Guinea.


Cazcan

Borrowed from Cazcan cazcan (“there is not any”) (via Spanish caxcanes), the tribe's response when the Spaniards who encountered them asked for food.

Cazcan. — In Zacatecas and Jalisco. (Extinct.)

1903, Guy Carleton Lee, The history of North America, page 440:


Koreanic

/kəɹiːˈænɪk/

A language family spoken primarily in the Korean Peninsula, consisting of Korean proper and Jeju together with extinct ancient relatives.


Ch'olti'

The Mayan language spoken by the Manche Ch'ol people of eastern Guatemala and southern Belize, an ancient variety of which is known as Classic Ch'olti'an, Classic Maya(n) or Epigraphic Maya(n).


Ciguayo

The language of these people, which was not Arawakan or Cariban, and of which a single word is attested (tuob).


Westrobothnian

en-adj

Westrobothnian (comparative more Westrobothnian, superlative most Westrobothnian)

more Westrobothnian (comparative)
most Westrobothnian (superlative)


Westrobothnian

A native or inhabitant of Westrobothnia.


Westrobothnian

The dialects of Swedish spoken in the historical province of Westrobothnia.


Jibril

Borrowed from Arabic جِبْرِيل (jibrīl). Doublet of Gabriel.

A male given name from Arabic used chiefly among Muslims, the Arabic version of Gabriel.


Miho

Coordinate term: Mihoko


Miho

From Serbo-Croatian Miho, from Mihajlo/Mihael/Mihovil.

A male given name from Serbo-Croatian, equivalent to English Mike.


Hoshiko

Borrowed from Japanese 星子 (ほしこ, Hoshiko, “star child”).


Tataviam

A Native American group in southern California.


DfE

Department for Education
w:Department for Education

(UK, education, UK politics) Initialism of Department for Education.


Yoko

Borrowed from Japanese ようこ (Yōko), a female given name with many variant kanji spellings.


Defra

For Defra, funding for flood defences and disease prevention are likely to be protected.

2015 November 11, Emma Howard, “Defra hit by largest budget cuts of any UK government department, analysis shows”, in The Guardian:

w:Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

(UK politics) Initialism of Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.


Gee

Northern English surname of debated meaning.


Aleppine

A person from, or an inhabitant of, Aleppo.

حَلَبِيّ

a person from, or an inhabitant of, Aleppo


Yokutsan

Of or relating to an endangered language family spoken by the Yokut people in and around the San Joaquin Valley in California.


Yuko

Borrowed from Japanese ゆうこ (Yūko), a female given name with many variant kanji spellings.


Bonaventure

en-proper noun

Bonaventure (countable and uncountable, plural Bonaventures)


Taymanitic

The dialect and script of the oasis of Tayma in northwestern Arabia, attested starting in the 6th century BCE, though references to the existence of an indigenous script in Tayma are attested in outside sources from the 8th century BCE.


Old Arabic

Classical Arabic
Classical Arabic#English

The earliest attested stage of the Arabic language, beginning with the first attestation of personal names in the 9th century BC, and culminating in the codification of Classical Arabic beginning in the 7th century AD.


Dano-Norwegian

A koiné language that evolved among the urban elite in Norwegian cities during the later years of Denmark-Norway (1536–1814).


Iggy

A diminutive of the male given name Ignatius.


Atalina

But Atalina crawls on the floor to show the raccoons looking for food, an idea that is not in the book.

2005, Andie Cunningham, Starting with Comprehension:

Agnes Minor Limberger was one of a family of eight children born to Francis and Atalina Minor.

2009, Lynn Kloter Fahy, Crystal Lake, Tolland County:

There were also multiple scandals surrounding the affairs of a handsome womanizer named Rubén, currently divorced from Tíwi's teenage daughter Atalina and married to one of Arturo's daughters, Ojelia.

2014, Michael F. Brown, Upriver: The Turbulent Life and Times of an Amazonian People:


Nefertiti

From Egyptian nfrt-jj.tj (literally “The Beautiful One has Come”).

bor

(rare) A female given name from Egyptian.


Missoulian

Missoulian Brandon Bryant has for months been a regular at local city council meetings. But Bryant’s behavior during the public comment section of a council meeting last November raised red flags for council members.

2020 February 14, Edward F. O'Brien, “Missoula Case Tests Balance Between Free Speech, Public Safety”, in Montana Public Radio:

Missoula Community Organizing Action is a Facebook group created during the pandemic to connect Missoulians.

2024 February 28, Claire Peterson, “Missoulians find assistance, offer help through online Facebook group”, in KPAX:

A native or inhabitant of Missoula, Montana, United States.


Alpha Centaurian

en-noun

Alpha Centaurian (plural Alpha Centaurians)

(science fiction) A native or inhabitant of Alpha Centauri.


Atong

Borrowed from Atong (India) atong ([atɔŋ]).

Atong language (Cameroon)
Atong language (Sino-Tibetan)

In fact, other Garo groups hardly understand the Atong language.

1981, Milton S. Sangma, History and Culture of the Garos, page 136:

2014, Seino van Breugel, A Grammar of Atong, →ISBN:

A Sino-Tibetan language, related to Garo, spoken in northeastern India and adjacent areas of Bangladesh.


Atong

Borrowed from Atong (Cameroon) Atong (Atoŋ).

A Grassfields-Bantu language of Cameroon.


Hunzib

A Northeast Caucasian language, spoken in southern Dagestan


Megam

A Sino-Tibetan language spoken in the Kalmakanda subdistrict, Netrokona district, Dhaka division, Bangladesh.


double-jobbing

(UK politics) The act of holding two or more political offices simultaneously.


Benghazian

A native or inhabitant of Benghazi in Libya.


Birk

From the Anglo-Norman surname, from Old English burh, burg (“fortification, city”).