Yannick

From French Yannick, from Breton Yannig.


Fitz

en-proper noun

Fitz (countable and uncountable, plural Fitzs or Fitzes)


Adria

From Latin Adria, Hadria. Compare Adriatic.


Sino-Vietnamese

Pertaining to the Chinese-derived elements in the Vietnamese language.

漢越

pertaining to the Chinese-derived elements in the Vietnamese language


Sino-Vietnamese

The Chinese-derived elements in the Vietnamese language.

漢越詞

the Chinese-derived elements in the Vietnamese language


Jingpho

The Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Kachin State, Myanmar, and also in China.


sophont

From Ancient Greek σοφός (sophós, “wise”) + ὤν (ṓn, “on”), present participle of εἰμί (eimí, “being, existing, essence”). First used in the 1966 works by Poul Anderson, coined by his wife Karen Anderson.

Likewise with the psychology of intelligent species. Most sophonts indeed possess basic instincts which diverge more or less from man's. With those of radically alien motivations we have little contact.

I'm honored to meet a sophont of the Soro line in person!

Evil, they argued, could only have meaning on smaller scales, in the hurt that one sophont does to another.

1992, Vernor Vinge, A Fire Upon the Deep, Tor Books, page 406:

Only one sophont appeared to be involved—and not a sophisticated one.

1997, Spider Robinson, Lifehouse, Baen Books, page 2:

artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence

(chiefly science fiction) An intelligent being; a being with a base reasoning capacity roughly equivalent to or greater than that of a human being. The word does not apply to machines unless they have true artificial intelligence, rather than mere processing capacity.


Lapp

From Swedish lapp, possibly of Finnish origin. Compare Finnish Lappi.


Katia

A female given name from Russian, variant of Katya.


Katya

Transliteration of Russian Ка́тя (Kátja), diminutive of Екатери́на (Jekaterína).

translit

A female given name from Russian, equivalent to English Kate.


Pecheneg

/ˈpɛt͡ʃənɛɡ/

Borrowed from Russian печене́г (pečenég).

The Pechenegs had already ceased to be a major threat by the time Kievan Rus’ converted to Christianity in 988, and most references to them in the chronicle are in the period before this, earlier in the tenth century.

1987, Charles J. Halperin, Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History, Indiana University Press, page 13:

One of the earliest Arab geographers who referred to the Pechenegs in south-eastern Europe was al-Iṣṭakhrī (circa 950).

1993, Harry Thirlwall Norris, Islam in the Balkans: Religion and Society Between Europe and the Arab World, University of South Carolina Press, page 26:

The siege of Dristra failed, as the emperor found himself surrounded by the Pechenegs.[…]Fearing a Cuman–Pecheneg alliance, Alexios immediately sued for peace and the Pechenegs agreed to a truce, which they immediately broke in order to take advantage of Alexios' notorious lack of troops and invade Thrace.

2006, Florin Curta, Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250, Cambridge University Press, page 301:

(historical) A member of a specific semi-nomadic Turkic people from central Asia, some of whom migrated into eastern Europe.


Pecheneg

/ˈpɛt͡ʃənɛɡ/

[…]these loanwords are later borrowings from the Pecheneg and Comanian, respectively.

1991, Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi, Volume 7, Peter de Ridder Press, page 286:

(historical) The now extinct Turkic language spoken by the Pechenegs.


Pecheneg

/ˈpɛt͡ʃənɛɡ/

Of or relating to the Pecheneg people or their language.

печенек

of or relating to the Pecheneg people or their language


Branden

A male given name transferred from the surname, of rather rare usage, variant of Brandon.


Maruthini

Borrowed from Tamil மருதம் (marutam) refers to all land used towards agricultural cultivation in the Tamil heartland in South India, signifying the enchanting princess of the traditional Tamil fertile land called Marutham from the Sangam literature landscape.

A female given name from India, of South Indian usage.


Gabriele

A male given name from Italian, equivalent to English Gabriel.


Marita

Borrowed in the late 19th century from Norwegian Marita. By folk etymology, explained as a Spanish diminutive of Maria, by analogy with Anita.

A female given name from Ancient Greek occasionally used in English.


C of E

Lasdun’s parents were Jews who converted to the C of E, and Nasreen’s communications quickly became virulently anti-semitic […]

2013, Nick Richardson, “Internet-Enabled”, in London Review of Books, volume 35, number 8:

Church of England
Church of England#English


Jana

From Czech Jana, ultimately from Koine Greek Ἰωάννα (Iōánna), from Hebrew יוֹחָנָה (Yôḥānāh, literally “God is gracious”), the feminized form of יְהוֹחָנָן (Yəhōḥānān) which produced John and its many doublets. As a placeholder name, cf. similar use of John and Jack and earlier use of Joan in the same role.
Doublet of Ivana, Jane, Janice, Janis, Jean, Jeanne, Jen, Joan, Joanna, Joanne, Johanna, Juana, Shavonne, Sian, Siobhan, Shane, Shaun, Shauna, and Sheena.


simpliciter

From the Latin simpliciter (“simply”, “plainly”), from simplex (“simple”).

The charge was reduced from aggravated assault to assault simpliciter.

Paragraph 68, Public Prosecutor v CJH ([2022] SGHC 303)
Leaving aside this report, I make the general observation firstly that the CA has pointed out in PP v UI [2008] 4 SLR(R) 500 […] that rape simpliciter "is already ‘an inherently odious and reprehensible act’… that exacts ‘irretrievable physical, emotional and psychological scars on [the] victim’”[…]

(philosophy, law, originally chiefly Scots law, Canadian law) Simply, absolutely; without any qualification or condition.


wye

Attested as wi c. 1200. Of uncertain origin. Perhaps borrowed from Old French ui or gui.

Thus first C checks to see if ex and wye are equal. The resulting value of 1 or 0 (true or false) then is compared to the value of zee.

1984 Waite, Prata & Martin, C (Computer Program Language), p. 190

It said, in a whispering, buzzing voice, "Gee-you-ess-ess-ay-dash-em-ee-ar-ar-wye-dash-em-eye-en-gee-oh-dash-pee-eye-pee-dash-pee-ee-ar-ar-wye-dash-pee-eye-en-gee-oh."

2004, Will Rogers, The Stonking Steps, page 170:

The name of the Latin-script letter Y/y.


Darian

A 20th-century invention, possibly based on Darius or Dorian.

A unisex given name originating as a coinage.


Niçois

en-adj

Niçois (comparative more Niçois, superlative most Niçois)

more Niçois (comparative)
most Niçois (superlative)


Bordelais

Bordelais (comparative more Bordelais, superlative most Bordelais)

more Bordelais (comparative)
most Bordelais (superlative)


Tocharian

General American, Mary–marry–merry merger

From Latin Tochari + -ian, from Ancient Greek Τόχαροι (Tókharoi, “Kucheans”) (see Τόχαρος (Tókharos)), probably from an Indo-Iranian source (Old Persian [script needed] (tuxāri-), Khotanese [script needed] (ttahvāra)); compare Sanskrit तुखार (tukhāra).

der

(linguistics) An extinct branch of the Indo-European language family, consisting of two languages, Tocharian A and Tocharian B, written in an abugida derived from Brahmi.


Marseillais

en-adj

Marseillais (comparative more Marseillais, superlative most Marseillais)

more Marseillais (comparative)
most Marseillais (superlative)


Finnic

finès

pertaining to the Finnic (Baltic-Finnic) group of languages

Of the branch of the Uralic language family that includes Finnish, Estonian, Karelian, Veps, Livonian, Ingrian and Votic.


Kentuckian

During the Civil War, many Kentuckians found themselves fighting their own family members.

United States of America
United States of America

A native or resident of the state of Kentucky in the United States of America.


Ebenezer

From Hebrew אֶבֶן הָעֵזֶר (éven ha`ézer, “stone of help”).

der

אֶבֶן הָעֵזֶר

"I have none to give," the Ghost replied. "It comes from other regions, Ebenezer Scrooge, and is conveyed by other ministers, to other kinds of men."

1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, “(please specify the page number)”, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC:

A male given name from Hebrew taken up by Puritans in the 17th century.


Gitte

A diminutive of the female given name Birgitte, from Danish.


Birgit

A Chadic language spoken in southeastern Chad.


Birgitte

Borrowed from Danish Birgitte and Norwegian Birgitte.

A female given name from Danish or Norwegian, equivalent to English Bridget.


appraising

(Scots law, historical) Alternative form of apprising


Rehoboam

After Rehoboam, Judean king, the name of which in Biblical Hebrew was רְחַבְעָם (Rəḥaḇʿām)

A male given name from Hebrew of biblical origin, in rare use.


Greta

From German and Swedish Greta, a contraction of Margareta.


apprising

(Scots law, historical) The appraisal of the value of goods, land, etc., often in order to pay the debts of a deceased person.


Marthe

Borrowed from French Marthe and Norwegian Marthe.

A female given name from French or Norwegian, equivalent to English Martha.


Elspeth

A female given name from Hebrew, a Scottish variant of Elizabeth.


Lise

From the French, and possible also from Scandinavian, Lise. Variant of more common English Lisa.

The urge to tell Lise everything was almost overpowering.

2013, Allison Amend, A Nearly Perfect Copy:

Then I smelled something funny. “Do you guys smell that?” “No. What do you smell?” said Lise. “I think I smell smoke.”

Lisa said, “This is gonna be the best birthday breakfast Mom ever had.” And Bart earnestly replied, “Hey, Lise, you think that's enough for her?”

2001, J. Alison Bryant, Television and the American Family:

A diminutive of the female given name Lisa


Elsa

From German Elsa, contraction of Elisabeth, occasionally used in English after its appearance in Wagner's opera Lohengrin (1847).

A friend that I envied — it was the same friend who had benefited from admiring Cosette's jewelry, a girl whose name was Elsa and whom naturally we called Lioness —

1988, Barbara Vine, The House of Stairs, Onyx, published 1990, →ISBN, page 35:

Do you remember the wave of Elsas that arrived shortly after the release of Frozen at the end of 2013? It became one the fastest-climbing names of the following year before dropping back, and then had another (smaller) spike in 2019 when Frozen II came out.

2022, Eleanor Turner, “On-screen inspo”, in Baby Names 2023, White Ladder, Hodder & Stoughton, →ISBN, part one (Naming your baby):

A female given name from German or Hebrew.


Salvatore

Borrowed from Italian Salvatore. Doublet of Salvador.


Isabell

A female given name from Hebrew, a less common spelling of Isabel or Isabelle.


Rie

* Japanese りえ (Rie), a given name with numerous possible original kanji.
* Danish Rie
* Dutch Rie

A female given name
A female given name from Japanese

A female given name
A female given name from Dutch

A female given name
A female given name from Danish


Yatish

"Yatish" means "master of all saints" according to Hindu books.


Balthazar

/ˈbælθəˌzɔɹ/

From Middle English Balthasar, from Latin Baltassar, from Ancient Greek Βαλτασαρ (Baltasar), from Hebrew בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר (bēlšaṣṣar), attested in the Tanakh and the Old Testament (Daniel 5:1), from Akkadian 𒂗𒈗𒋀 (bēl-šarra-uṣṣur, literally “May Bel protect the king”). Doublet of Belshazzar.

בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר

Hebrew בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר (bēlšaṣṣar)


Helene

From French Hélène and from German Helene. Doublet of Helen.

She lost only one battle - the pronunciation of her name. The people in Bottom refused to say Helene. They called her Helen Wright and left it at that.

1973, Toni Morrison, Sula, Penguin, published 1973, →ISBN, page 18:


Ronja

A female given name from Swedish, variant of Ronia

A female given name from Russian, variant of Ronia


Ilona

From Hungarian Ilona. A rare variant of Helen or Helena.


Johanne

A female given name from Hebrew occasionally used in English.


Filipina

From Spanish filipina f (feminine form of filipino).

bor

feminine form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="es">filipino</i>

(countable) A female citizen or local inhabitant of the Philippines, or one descending from such.

ֆիլիպինուհի

A female native or inhabitant of the Philippines


Antarctican

...the easy-going good nature and “she’s right, mate,” attitude of the genuine Australian is a simple but practical outlook which could well be copied by many future Antarcticans.

1956, Antarctic, New Zealand Antarctic Society:

We were not the only Antarcticans flying early this 1958-59 season. Soviet scientists across the icecap were planning an over-snow traverse toward the South Pole and wanted to survey the route by air.

1959, The National Geographic Magazine, National Geographic Society, page 541:

The Antarcticans sense that life must be asserted here. It cannot draw back before these wastes, but must subdue them if only to demonstrate its viability.

1965, Richard S. Lewis, “A Continent for Science”, in The Antarctic Adventure, Viking Press, page 258:

I’m an Antarctican; I can sleep on the ground.

1987, Michael Parfit, South Light: A Journey to the Last Continent, Collier Books, →ISBN, page 273:

You should also have little trouble finding some glacier ice for your whiskey; many Antarcticans enjoy sipping their Scotch on very old rocks!

2005, Jeff Rubin et al., Antarctica, Lonely Planet, →ISBN, page 81:

(sometimes humorous) One who has spent time in Antarctica, especially a scientist or researcher.


Sicani

(historical) An ancient people of Sicily and parts of Italy.


Cormac

Borrowed from Irish, from Old Irish Cormac.


Viv

A diminutive of the unisex given name Vivian.


Frederica

And there was the basic yet awful matter of my name, Frederica Hatch, due to the unfortunate coincidence of a maternal grandmother named Frieda, who died six weeks before I was born, and a favorite paternal great-uncle Frederic, who'd been a Freedom Rider at eighty. - - - When I asked if an accidental boy would have been Frederic, they said no. It was Frederica they loved.

2007, Elinor Lipman, My Latest Grievance, →ISBN, page 16:

A female given name from the Germanic languages, feminine form of Frederick. Quite rare in English.


Sherpa

Sherpa (emissary)
Sherpa language
Sherpa people

The Southern Tibetan language of these people.


Lauri

A less common spelling of Laurie, a diminutive of the female given name Laura.


Mika

* (Japanese given name): Borrowed from Japanese みか (Mika).
* (Hebrew given name): From Hebrew מִיכָה (mīḵāh)

A unisex given name
A female given name from Japanese.

A unisex given name from Hebrew, variant of Micah


Asya

From Russian Ася (Asja), informal pet form of Анастасия (Anastasija, “Ann”)).

A female given name from Russian of modern usage.


Morten

A male given name, of Danish and Norwegian origin.


Ellery

An English surname transferred from the given name, variant of Hilary or Eulalie.

A male given name transferred from the surname.

Chautauqua County
Chautauqua County#English

A town in Chautauqua County, New York, United States.

An unincorporated community in Edwards County and Wayne County, Illinois, United States.


Christiana

en-proper noun

Christiana (countable and uncountable, plural Christianas)

A medieval literate form of the female name Christian.


Anand

Anand (countable and uncountable, plural Anands)

From Sanskrit आनन्द (ānanda, “joy, delight, pleasure”).

der

(countable) A male given name from Sanskrit.


Algernon

From Old French als gernons (“having mustaches”), from als (contraction of a and les) + gernon, variant of grenon (“mustache”), from Vulgar Latin *granonem (“facial hair, mustache”), from Proto-Germanic *granō (“awn, beard-hair, hair-tips, mustache”), related to Old High German grana, granu (“mustache”), Old Norse grǫn (“mustache, (upper) lip”), Old English granu (“mustache”).
Mustaches were often a prominent cultural component for men of early medieval Germanic societies, whence the name originates from. However, the particular distinction owing this name vis-a-vis other families is unclear.

cog

A male given name from the Germanic languages.


Bosniak

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Bòšnjāk (“Bosniak”), from Bȍsna (“Bosnia”). Equivalent to Bosniac: Bosnia+-ac.

A person typically characterized by their ties to the Bosnian historical region, traditional adherence to Islam, and common culture and language.

bosniakki

a person with ties to Bosnia, traditional adherence to Islam, and common culture and language


Kristopher

A male given name from Ancient Greek of modern usage, a rare spelling variant of Christopher.


Christa

Contraction of Christina and Christiana. Rare until the second half of the 20th century, reinforced by the German Christa.


Behrouz

بهروز بهروز#Persian

A transliteration of the Persian male given name بهروز (behruz).


Cook Islands Maori

The official language of the Cook Islands.


Rarotongan

Cook Islands Maori, the official language of the Cook Islands.


Risto

A transliteration of the Macedonian male given name Ристо (Risto)


Georg

“Ah!” Georg said, noncommittal. “A problem I think you may have had,” the man said. “I got drunk and didn't wake up.” “Yes,” Georg said. “I've been known to do that. Last night, in fact. And the night before.”

2011 July 1, Eric Flint, Ring of Fire III, Baen Publishing Enterprises, →ISBN:

Georg said nothing as he glanced toward Cameron, who stuck his head over the edge of the loft again. “Rest easy, Georg,” Cameron said. “Next week I'll be on my honeymoon, and your worries will be over.”

2013 December 20, Elizabeth D. Michaels, Anita Stansfield, Behind the Mask, White Star Press, →ISBN:

A male given name, a Scandinavian and continental Germanic variant of George.


Joselyn

A female given name from the Germanic languages, of modern usage, variant of Jocelyn.


Jemima

From the name of a minor biblical character, from Hebrew יְמִימָה (“dove”). By folk etymology also used as a feminine form of James.

He had also seven sons and three daughters. And he called the name of the first, Jemima; and the name of the second, Kezia; and the name of the third, Kerenhappuch. And in all the land were no women found so fair as the daughters of Job: and their father gave them inheritance among their brethren.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 42:13-15:

-- and at last Jemima was fixed upon, because it would do either for a Scripture name or for a heroine out of a book."
"I did not know Jemima was a Scripture name," said Ruth.
"Oh yes, it is. One of Job's daughters; Jemima, Kezia, and Keren-Happuch. There are a good many Jemimas in the world, and some Kezias, but I never heard of a Keren-Happuch; and yet we know just as much of one as of another. People really like a pretty name, whether Scripture or out of it."

1853, Elizabeth Gaskell, chapter XVII, in Ruth:

But then, thought Kiki, they were brought up that way, these white American boys: I'm the Aunt Jemima on the cookie boxes of their childhoods, the pair of thick ankles Tom and Jerry played around. Of course they find me funny.

2005, Zadie Smith, On Beauty, Penguin, published 2006, →ISBN, page 51:

Fancy southern names which she couldn't remember five minutes after they'd told her. Camilla? Amelia? Jemima? It didn't matter. Ashworth would have made a note of them.

2011, Ann Cleeves, Hidden Depths, Pan Macmillan, →ISBN, page 165:a:


Jilly

A diminutive of the female given names Jill, Jillian and Julia.


khi

It is known, from the existence in his time¹ of the Delphic tripod, that all these letters existed in 480 B.C. ; but on that monument the Khi and Psi differ from the forms used later.

1898, Claude Reignier Conder, The Hittites and Their Language, W. Blackwood and Sons, page 249:

The letters upsilon, phi, khi, psi, δ were Greek additions

1963, Thomas Albert Sebeok, Current Trends in Linguistics, Mouton, page 404:

Greek scripts display notable local characteristics — principally with regard to the shape of letters but also in the matter of the phonetic values attributed to signs such as san, sigma, khi, and psi.

2006, Jonathan M. Hall, A History of the Archaic Greek World, Blackwell Publishing, page 57:

Alternative spelling of chi (uppercase Χ, lowercase χ), the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet.


Mossie

(Ireland) A diminutive of the male given name Maurice.


Sonja

'At first I couldn't work out what had killed her,' said Sonja Lundin, frowning again, 'but because her head was shaved, I soon discovered it when I looked a bit closer.'


Alexandre

Borrowed from French Alexandre and Portuguese Alexandre.

A male given name from French or Portuguese, equivalent to English Alexander.


West Frisian

A language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland, in the north of the Netherlands; one of the Frisian languages (or language varieties).


Ligurian

The Gallo-Italic language of this region.

An ancient Proto-Indo-European language spoken by the Ligures.


Isidora

Name of a fourth-century saint. The feminine equivalent of Isidore, from Ancient Greek Ἰσιδώρα (Isidṓra, “gift of Isis”).

uder

A female given name from Ancient Greek; rare in the Anglo-Saxon world.


Cnut

A male given name from Old Norse, an alternative spelling of Canute (Scandinavian Knut) in historical context.


Kartvelian

Borrowed from Georgian ქართველი (kartveli) + -ian.

A member of a group of related peoples in the South Caucasus, namely Georgians, Svans, Mingrelians and Laz.


Henny

Cecilia, who only through compassion to the blushing Henrietta forbore repressing this forwardness more seriously, merely answered Mrs Belfield by wishing her good morning: but, while she was taking a kinder leave of her timid daughter, the mother added "As to the present, ma'am, you was so kind to make us, Henny can witness for me every penny of it shall go to my son."

1782, Frances Burney, Cecilia/Book 5/Chapter ii:

A diminutive of the female given name Henrietta.


annate

(Scots law) The half-year's stipend payable for the vacant half-year after the death of a parish minister, to which his family or nearest of kin have right under an act of 1672.


Hallie

I'm dreaming now of Hallie, sweet Hallie, sweet Hallie.

1855 Septimus Winner, Listen to the Mockingbird ( a song )

A diminutive of the female given name Harriet.


Petronella

/ˌpɛt.ɹəˈnɛlə/

From Latin Petronella, feminine diminutive of Petronius, a Roman family name possibly derived from petra "rock". Name of an obscure early saint; because of similarity of sound, used as a feminine form of Peter.

A female given name from Latin, rare in English after Middle Ages.


Ulric

From Old High German uodil (“heritage, homestead”) + rihhi (“ruler”); compare German Ulrich. English sources also suggest Old English wulf (“wolf”) + ric (“ruler”).

der

A male given name from the Germanic languages


Old Dutch

The earliest extant material in Old Low Franconian (or Old Dutch) is from the 9th century (psalm fragments translated in or around the south of Limburg, i.e. the south-east corner of the Netherlands).

1989, Hans Frede Nielsen, The Germanic Languages: Origins and Early Dialectal Interrelations, The University of Alabama Press, page 2f:

The earliest extant material in Old Dutch (or Old Low Franconian) is from the ninth century (psalm fragments translated in or around the south of Limburg, i.e. the south-east corner of the Netherlands).

1998, Hans Frede Nielsen, The Continental Backgrounds of English and its Insular Development until 1154, Odense University Press, page 43:

A branch of Old Low Franconian, with a Frisian substrate, spoken and written during the Middle Ages (c. 9th to 12th century) in the Netherlands and the northern part of present-day Belgium, as well as in areas of northern France along the North Sea coast and adjoining Belgium. This language represents the first attested stage of the Dutch language and its dialects, being succeeded by Middle Dutch in the later Middle Ages.


Middle Dutch

(3) West Germanic, which is composed of:—
[...]
(d) Low Franconian, called Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch until about 1200; Middle Low Franconian or Middle Dutch from 1200 to 1500; from 1500 onwards New Low Franconian, including Dutch, Flemish, Brabantish, and Limburgish.

1907, Joseph Wright, Historical German Grammar: Vol. I: Phonology, Word-Formation and Accidence, page 7:

Old Low Franconian is the ancestor of modern Dutch, Flemish, Brabantish and Limburgish. It is called Old Low Franconian to c. 1100; Middle Low Franconian or Middle Dutch, from 1100 to 1600; from 1600 onwards, New Low Franconian or New Dutch.

1923 (reprinted 1948), Arthur Kirk, An Introduction to the Historical Study of New High German (Publications of the University of Manchester: Germanic Series; No. II), page 10:

One can distinguish four major dialect groups of Middle Dutch: (a) Flemish, which was spoken in the region of Flanders, and Zeeuws, spoken in Zeeland; (b) Brabantic, used in the area of Brussels, Louvain, Antwerp, Mechlin, and Breda; (c) Hollandic, the dialect of the county of Holland; and (d) Limburgic, the language used in the easter part of the Middle Dutch territory. The first three dialect groups may be referred to as West Franconian, while Limburgic is known as East Franconian.

1993, Colette M. van Kerckvoorde, An Introduction to Middle Dutch, Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter (a division of Walter de Gruyter & Co.), page 1:

Collective name for a number of closely related West Germanic dialects (whose ancestor was Old Dutch) which were spoken and written between 1150 and 1500 in the present-day Dutch-speaking area. There was at that time as yet no overarching standard language, but they were all mutually intelligible.


Ripuarian

/ˌɹɪp.juˈɛə.ɹɪən/

From Medieval Latin Ripuarius (perhaps from Latin ripa (“river bank”)) + -an.

A West Central German dialect group, spoken in the northern Rhineland (including the cities of Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf and Aachen), as well as parts of German-speaking Belgium and south-eastern Limburg (Netherlands); linguistically, the least affected by the consonant shift of all High German dialects


Teochew

[…] Lim Peng Siang, Low Kim Pong, Teo Sian Keng and Lee Choon Guan were leaders of Fukien dialect group; Lam Kim Seng, Chua Tse Yong were Teochew leaders; Loke Yew and Lam Wai Fong were Cantonese leaders.

1995, Qinghuang Yan, Community and Politics: The Chinese in Colonial Singapore and Malaysia, Marshall Cavendish International, →ISBN:

'I do not speak English,' the young man said sanguinely in Malay, then said it again in Teochew, to test the white man.

2015, William L. Gibson, Singapore Yellow, Singapore: Monsoon Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 116:

A variety of Southern Min Chinese, spoken in the Chaoshan region of eastern Guangdong and its diaspora.

潮州話

one of the divisions of the Chinese language


Stephan

Ultimately from Ancient Greek στεφανίζω (stephanízō, “to crown”) & Ancient Greek στέφανος (stéphanos, “that which surrounds, crown, wreath”).


Jacklyn

A female given name from French, a re-spelling of Jacqueline.


Jimmi

A diminutive of the male given name James


Jaqueline

A female given name, variant of Jacqueline


Benedicta

A female given name from Latin, a rare feminine form of Benedict.


Old Latin

The Latin language in the period before the age of Classical Latin; particularly Latin before 75 BC.


Cristian

/ˈkɹɪʃt͡ʃən/

/ˈkɹɪst͡ʃən/


Karo

The indigenous people of the Karo Plateau in North Sumatra.


Karo

A Nilotic language of Uganda, South Sudan and the DRC.


Vai

The Niger-Congo language of the Vai people of Liberia and Sierra Leone.


Bastian

A male given name from Ancient Greek, diminutive of Sebastian


Gertie

Mrs Conchita Warren is an unusual name, I thought as I cycled towards Limehouse. Most local women were Doris, Winnie, Ethel (pronounced Eff) or Gertie.

2002, Jennifer Worth, Call the Midwife, Phoenix, →ISBN, page 127:

A diminutive of the female given name Gertrude.


fita

The obsolete Cyrillic letter Ѳ, ѳ formerly used in Russian to write proper names and loanwords derived from or via Greek.


Marko

A male given name, equivalent to English Mark


Biak

From Indonesian (bahasa) Biak (“Biak language”), from Biak wós Vyak. Also known in Biak as wós kovedi (“our language”).

A language spoken on this island and others near it.


Melchior

From Latin Melchior, from Hebrew מלכיאור (“king of light”), from מלך (“king”) + אור (“light”).

So twin boys, our fathers, were born in the USA. Melchior and Peregrine. What names, eh? What delusions of grandeur went into the naming of them? If you shorten them to 'Mel' and 'Perry', they've got a democratically twentieth-century and transatlantic ring to them.

1991, Angela Carter, Wise Children, Chatto & Windus, →ISBN, page 16:

(rather rare) A male given name from Hebrew.


Kaleb

From Hebrew כלב (“dog”), possibly referring to a dog’s unconditional devotion to its master.

A male given name from Hebrew, a less common modern spelling variant of Caleb.


Pelasgian

From Ancient Greek Πελασγός (Pelasgós) + -ian, presumably based on a Pre-Greek ethnonym. Compare Egyptian pwrꜣsꜣtj, an ethnonym listed as one of the Sea Peoples attacking Egypt around 1190 BCE.

1869, Journal of the Ethnological Society of London, New Series, Volume 1, Ethnological Society of London, Trübner and Co. page 324,
Pelasgian, therefore, is regarded by him as convertible with Illyrian, and that with Gueg, subject to modifications of Tosk and relations therewith.

[…]Malte-Brun described Pelasgian as a primitive version of Greek, and distinguished it from Illyrian, which he regarded as a branch of the Thracian language.

2002, Noel Malcolm, “Myths of Albanian National Identity”, in Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers, Bernd Jürgen Fischer, editors, Albanian Identities, Indiana University Press, page 76:


Nicki

A diminutive of the female given name Nicola and Nicole.

A diminutive of the male given name Nicholas


Lucie

A female given name from Latin, variant of Lucy.


Lina

Short form of any female name ending in -lina, such as Angelina, Carolina, Evelina. It can also be construed as a rare feminine form of Linus.

"Lina - did not Moore call you Lina sometimes?"¶ "Yes: it is sometimes used as the abbreviation of Caroline in his native country."

1849, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter 12, in Shirley. A Tale. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC:

A female given name, occasionally used in English.


Vladislav

Transliteration of Russian Владисла́в (Vladisláv). See Ladislaus.

Владисла́в Владислав#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian male given name Владисла́в (Vladisláv).


Ivana

From various Slavic languages, such as Russian Ивана (Ivana).
Doublet of Jana, Jane, Janice, Janis, Jean, Jeanne, Jen, Joan, Joanna, Joanne, Johanna, Juana, Shavonne, Sian, Siobhan, Shane, Shaun, Shauna, and Sheena.


Nikolai

Николай Николай#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian male given name Николай (Nikolaj), equivalent to Nicholas.


Fine Gael

/ˌfɪnə ˈɡeɪl/

From Irish Fine Gael (literally “family of Gaels”).

bor

Ireland’s ruling Fine Gael party and its longtime rival Fianna Fáil have moved closer to forming an unprecedented coalition government.

2020 April 14, Rory Carroll, “Ireland’s Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil close to forming coalition government”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

An Irish political party founded in the 1930s.


Nikola

Никола Никола#Bulgarian

A transliteration of the Bulgarian, Macedonian, or Serbo-Croatian male given name Никола (Nikola), equivalent to Nicholas


Rudi

A diminutive of the male given name Rudolf, from German.


Evelina

A female given name from the Germanic languages, variant of Evelyn.


Hundred Years' War

A series of conflicts between France and England, lasting 116 years from 1337 to 1453.


Rudy

A diminutive of the male given name Rudolph.


Arne

en-proper noun

Arne (countable and uncountable, plural Arnes)

For the given name, a short form of Old Norse compound names beginning with arn- (“eagle”).

A male given name from the Germanic languages occasionally used in English.


Mikaela

A female given name from Hebrew, of modern usage, variant of Michaela


Rudolf

Borrowed from Czech Rudolf and German Rudolf.

A male given name from Czech or German, equivalent to English Rudolph.


Guoyu

From Mandarin 國語／国语 (guóyǔ, literally “nation-language” or “country-language”).

zh-l

The standardized spoken Chinese language, also referred to as Standard Mandarin. The term remains in common use in the Republic of China (Taiwan) and colloquially in Hong Kong (along with Putonghua). In mainland China, Guoyu or Taiwan Guoyu is used to refer to Taiwanese Mandarin (standard), as opposed to mainland standard Mandarin.


Veronese

en-adj

Veronese (comparative more Veronese, superlative most Veronese)

more Veronese (comparative)
most Veronese (superlative)

Of, from or relating to the city of Verona.


Lindsay

en-proper noun

Lindsay (countable and uncountable, plural Lindsays)

From Lindsey in Lincolnshire, from Old English Lindesēġe, Lindesīġe (“Isle of Lind”), the Old English name of the city of Lincoln, Lincolnshire, in which "Lind" comes from the Common Brittonic form of the name of Lincoln and "isle" refers to Lincoln being surrounded by fenland; from Proto-Brythonic *llɨnn (“pool”), from Proto-Celtic *lindos (“lake, liquid”), in reference to the Brayford + Old English ēġ (“island”); cf. modern Welsh llyn and Dublin.

A unisex given name transferred from the surname

A male given name transferred from the surname.

A female given name transferred from the surname, of 1940s and later usage.

A number of places in the United States:


Benjy

A diminutive of the male given name Benjamin.


Paulina

From Latin Paulīna, feminine form of Paulīnus, derivative of Paulus, from paulus (“small”). Name of a third-century saint.

O grave and good Paulina, the great comfort / That I have had of thee!

She smells like expensive soap and her teeth are shiny-white. She does not in any way look like her name. It's not her fault that she was born in a time when people believed in names like Wanda, Dottie and Betty. She's more of a Vanessa or Paulina.

1991, Peter Hedges, What's Eating Gilbert Grape, Simon & Schuster, published 1999, →ISBN, page 60:


Amurdag

An indigenous language of Australia's Northern Territory.


Yawuru

A Nyulnyulan language of the indigenous people of Western Australia.


Marti Ke

An indigenous language of Australia's Northern Territory near Wadeye.


Williamina

A female given name from the Germanic languages, a rare feminine form of William, best known in Scotland.


Megleno-Romanian

From Romanian meglenoromân, corresponding to Meglenitic + Romanian.

An endangered Eastern Romance language spoken in northern Greece, North Macedonia and parts of Romania, and related to Romanian, Aromanian and Istro-Romanian.


canonical form

contributing structure
contributing structure

(physical chemistry) Any of a set of representations of the resonance structure of a molecule each of which contributes to the real structure; a contributing structure.


Alisa

A female given name from Finnish or Russian, equivalent to English Alice.


who cares

(colloquial, rhetorical question) A reply to an unimportant or irrelevant statement, indicating indifference on the part of the speaker.

"I'll never speak to you again as long as I live," said Joe, rising. "There now!" And he moved moodily away and began to dress himself.
"Who cares!" said Tom. "Nobody wants you to. Go 'long home and get laughed at. Oh, you're a nice pirate. Huck and me ain't crybabies. We'll stay, won't we, Huck? Let him go if he wants to. I reckon we can get along without him, per'aps."

1876, Mark Twain, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4:

"But it's ever so much longer, and we're so late," grumbled Duncan.
"Who cares?" cried Elsie, stolidly. "I'm a girl and I'm not going to climb up the hill in this heat."
Duncan stared again. He had never heard Elsie complain of the hill before. Usually they scampered up it, and rolled down the steepest side—not, truly, when there was milk to carry, but at other times. And now Elsie was walking along in a languid, mincing fashion, as if she had no more fun in her than Robbie himself, and had never scampered bare-foot over the moor six days out of every week, no matter what the weather might be.
"There's Robbie at the garden gate beckoning us. I expect mother's very angry," cried Duncan, despairingly.
"Who cares? let him beckon," Elsie replied, with the most provoking indifference. "Run on by yourself if you're afraid."

1884 July, author not named, “A Little Too Clever”, in Little Folks: A Magazine for the Young:

c.1888, George Manville Fenn, Dick o' the Fens: A Tale of the Great Eastern Swamp,
"No, but it's not nice all the same to live in a place where lots of people were murdered."
"Tchah! who cares! I don't. It's a capital old place, and you never dig anywhere without finding something."
"Yes," said Tom solemnly, "something that isn't always nice."

"Well," said Peter Piper, "we have been called Meg and Peg and Kilmanskeg and Gustibus and Peter Piper instead of our grand names, and now we live in a place called Racketty-Packetty House. Who cares! Let's join hands and have a dance."

1906, Frances H. Burnett, Racketty-Packetty House:

It makes no difference if you fall on the whirl. Who cares? And when you are through dancing you can go out to the faucet and get yourself a drink—provided the water hasn't been turned off.

1922, Robert Benchley, Love Conquers All:

Freddy Farmer added two one-dollar bills to the hockey tickets and walked away. The two soldiers gaped down at the two tickets and the two dollars.
"What's the matter with that guy; is he touched?" one of them mumbled. "And did you hear him, Fuzzy? He didn't even speak English!"
"Who cares?" Fuzzy asked as he came out of his trance. "Two four-buck-forty hockey tickets, and two bucks in cash! Who cares if the guy is touched? He's okay by me!"

1944, Robert Sydney Bowen, Dave Dawson at Casablanca:

(colloquial, rhetorical question) A reply that dismisses the importance of another speaker's immediately preceding statement.


Jesus Prayer

The old monk tells him that the one prayer acceptable to God at all times, and 'desired' by God, is the Jesus Prayer—'Lord Jesus Christ, have mercy on me.' […]

1957, J. D. Salinger, "Zooey", in, 1961, Franny and Zooey, 1991 LB Books edition, page 111

(Christianity) A short formulaic prayer entreating mercy from Jesus Christ.


Daco-Romanian

The standard Romanian language, distinguished from the Aromanian (Macedo-Romanian), Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian languages.

dakorumenskt

more specific name for the standard Romanian language


Macedo-Romanian

gjuha maqedorumune

Aromanian, the Aromanian language — see also Aromanian

The Megleno-Romanian language (sometimes)


Hawaiʻian

Today Molokaʻi is often called the Friendly Isle, possibly due to the fact that the largest population of Native Hawaiians live there. Historically, Molokaʻi has been a place for the spiritual leaders of the Hawaiʻian culture to gather.

2007, Jake Goldberg, Joyce Hart, “Geography: The Island State”, in Hawaiʻi (Juvenile Literature), Marshall Cavendish, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 19:

(Hawaii) Alternative spelling of Hawaiian


Lipan

The Athabascan language these people speak.


Istro-Romanian

An endangered Eastern Romance language spoken in the Istrian region of Croatia, and related to Romanian, Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian.


Oaxacan

Unsurprisingly, the Oaxacan cheese steak sandwich contains jalapeno peppers.

Relating to, or from, the Mexican state of Oaxaca.


Oaxacan

A native or inhabitant of the Mexican state of Oaxaca.


Laz

A Kartvelian language of Turkey and Caucasian Georgia, related to Georgian, Mingrelian, and Svan.


dwi-

(chemistry, dated) A designation prefix for undiscovered chemical elements lying two periods under a known element in the periodic table. (For example, rhenium was called dwi-manganese before its discovery in 1925.)


Baagandji

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken on the Darling River.


Thurston

A male given name from the Germanic languages, occasional transferred use of the surname.


Torquil

Anglicized from Scottish Gaelic Torcall, from Old Norse Þorkell, from older Þorketill, from Þórr (“Thor”) + ketill (“(sacrificial) cauldron”).

af

(rare outside Scotland) A male given name from Scottish Gaelic.


what do you want, a cookie

"I was straight to the point - "Laurie, I'm gay." "Bernard, I've known that for a long time. So, what do you want, a cookie? Now deal the cards!"

1994, R. Jeffrey Ringer, Queer Words, Queer Images: Communication and Construction of Homosexuality, →ISBN, page 230:

DOLL. Buzzet attacked me last night. I have scars! Look at my arm! And my hair is flat too!
SPIDER. What do you want a cookie?

2001, Mary Rogers, Drop Your Webbings! (from Class Acts: High School Plays by High School Writers →ISBN by Randy Lee Hartwig), p.30

"I wait for ju, five minute," He says. "Well what do you want, a cookie" I tell him and he looks at me like he does not understand."

2004, James H. Taylor, Curiosity Killed the Chelsea Boy, →ISBN, page 153:

"The way I see it, I'm already doing all the work, and I'm doing the spells and incantations," stated Bowolf. "So what do you want, a cookie?" laughed Prolok.

2006, Antonio Garza, The House with the Magic Cellar: Realm: I, →ISBN, page 103:

(rhetorical question, sarcastic) A retort to someone who has done something unsurprising or unimpressive and has deemed it necessary to mention it.


Kievan

From Kiev + -an, from Russian Ки́ев (Kíjev).

(historical) Of or associated with the city of Kiev, especially when referring to the medieval period (c. 880–c. 1150) when the city dominated the East Slavic lands which today are Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine.


East Indian

From East Indies + -ian. May also be analyzed as east + Indian.

A native or inhabitant of the Malay Archipelago, Sri Lanka, or India.


Tyra

A female given name originating as a coinage, of African American usage.


Thora

Short form of Old Norse female given names beginning with Þórr (“Thor”).

A female given name from Old Norse occasionally borrowed from Scandinavia.


Proto-Slavic

(linguistics) A hypothetical, reconstructed language whence all the Slavic languages later descended.

Common Slavonic

more accurately referring to a late form of Proto-Slavic

Old Slavonic

may also refer to Old East Slavic or Old Church Slavonic


Trinidadian

Of, from, or pertaining to Trinidad or to the people or language of that country.

trinidadien

of, from, or pertaining to Trinidad or to the people or language of that country


Helga

From Old Norse Helga ("holy"), a pre-Christian term, feminine form of Helgi. Doublet of Olga.


what do I know

Maybe girl grasshoppers find long legs attractive in boy grasshoppers, but what do I know?

(rhetorical question) Implies that a statement is based on a guess or assumption rather than on knowledge or evidence.


Bevan

A male given name transferred from the surname.


front name

“Well, the front name I goes by nowadays is Dick,” said he, “and as I ain’t got no partic’ler use for no more name, jes’ call me Dick. […] ”

1897 March, Montague Stevens, “‘Front Name’ Dick”, in The Cosmopolitan, Volume XXII, Number 5, The Cosmopolitan Press (1897), page 553

Because, yesterday everybody said ‘Dr. Lavendar.’ I didn’t think Doctor could be your front name. All the other people had front names.

1905–6, Margaret Wade Campbell Deland, The Awakening of Helena Richie, Harper & Brothers (1906), page 97

"Alfred. Too much ceremony about surnames. Between friends like us, surnames are all wrong. As a friend... purely as a friend, I ask you...what's your front name?"

1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 185:

I remember one super-cool Chicano in high school who was forever trying to make movidas (time) with every female he saw. His opening line inevitably was 'girl what's your front name'.

1981 January 27, Alicia Velasquez Angelo, “Careless Bilingual Student May Tell It Like It Isn't”, in Modesto Bee:

“Mr. Hooker, sa... Mr. Hooker, I...” “And forget the Mr., too. We're friends.” “That would not be polite. And I do not know your front name.”

2003, Mickey Spillane, Something's Down There: A Novel - Page 11


Emile

A male given name from Latin of Latin origin, an anglicized spelling of French Émile.


Emmie

A diminutive of the female given names Emily and Emma.


Trudie

A female given name, variant spelling of Trudy, a pet form of Gertrude.


Trudy

A diminutive of Gertrude, also used as a formal female given name.


Trudi

In some cases, a 20th-century spelling of Trudy; in other cases borrowed from German Trudi.

She had a twin sister named Heidi and neither Trudi or Heidi liked their names. They were the names (in the opinion of Heidi and Trudi) of goat-herding girls and American hookers, of girls who wore their hair in plaits and drank milk or had sex dressed as French maids and nurses. Of girls who never grew up. Trudi and Heidi had no idea why they were so called.

2002, Kate Atkinson, Not the End of the World, Doubleday, →ISBN, page 10:

A female given name from the Germanic languages.


Proto-Celtic

The putative ancestor of all the known Celtic languages.


Emmy

There was a buxom Irish servant-girl, who […] had […] striven to give Amelia aid or consolation. Emmy was much too sad to answer, or even to be aware of the attempts the other was making in her favour.

1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:

A diminutive of Emily, Emma, Emmeline or Amelia, also used as a female given name.


Gerda

Latinate variant of Scandinavian Gerd, from Old Norse Gerðr, garðr (“protection”). The name occurs in nineteenth century Swedish poetry and in Hans Christian Andersen's Snow Queen (1844).

A female given name from the Germanic languages occasionally used in English, mostly around 1900.


fatha

Borrowed from Arabic فَتْحَة (fatḥa, “an opening”), instance noun of the verb فَتَحَ (fataḥa, “to open”). Refers to the mouth position when pronouncing the /a/ vowel. Doublet of patach and ptaha, denoting the open vowel in the Hebrew and Syriac scripts.

أَلِف ألف#Arabic

أَلِف مَقْصُورَة
ألف مقصورة#Arabic

In Arabic script, the vowel point for a, appearing as a diagonal line placed above a letter ( ـَ ) and designating a short a /a/. If the Arabic letters ا (أَلِف (ʔalif)) or ى (أَلِف مَقْصُورَة (ʔalif maqṣūra)) immediately follow, it indicates a long ā /aː/.

فَتْحَة

in the Arabic script, the vowel point for "a" (fatḥa)


Proto-Oceanic

A proposed common ancestor of the group of Oceanic languages.


Chic

A diminutive of the male given name Charles.


Rutherford

From Old English hryþer (“cattle”) + ford (“ford”). The first element is from Proto-Germanic *hrunþaz.

(rare) A male given name transferred from the surname.


Aleisha

A female given name from the Germanic languages, a modern nonstandard spelling of Alicia.


Beatrix

A Latinate variant of the standard English Beatrice.

Beatrix Potter wrote and illustrated children's books.


Astrid

Borrowed from modern Scandinavian (Swedish, Norwegian, Danish) Astrid since the 19th century.

Astrid, the person is saying. Astrum, astralis. How does it feel to have such a starry name?

2005, Ali Smith, The Accidental, Penguin, published 2006, →ISBN, page 31:


Dagmar

/ˈdæɡmɑː(ɹ)/

A female given name from the Germanic languages of Danish origin, in occasional use since the end of the 19th century.


Hooman

From Persian هومن (human, literally “good-natured”), from Middle Persian [Term?].

bor

هومن هومن#Persian

A transliteration of the Persian male given name هومن (human).


Magnolia

Our blooming friend, the handsome and stalworth Magnolia, having got a confidential hint from agitated Mrs. Mack, trudged up to the mills, in a fine frenzy, vowing vengeance on Mary Matchwell, for she liked poor Sally Nutter well.

1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard:

"Nobody could have a name like Magnolia."
"They could if they came from South Carolina, as she did. In the southern states of America you can't throw a brick without hitting a Magnolia."

1971, P.G. Wodehouse, Much Obliged, Jeeves, Barrie and Jenkins, published 1971, page 24:

A female given name from English, one of the less common flower names invented in the 19th century.


Prakrit

/ˈpɹɑː.kɹɪt/

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit प्राकृत (prākṛta).

lbor

Online Etymology Dictionary
w:Online Etymology Dictionary

Any one of several Middle Indo-Aryan languages, all derived from dialects of Old Indo-Aryan languages.

պրակրիտ

any of Middle Indo-Aryan languages, derived from dialects of Old Indo-Aryan languages


Siri

From Norwegian Siri, a variant of Sigrid, whence also English Sigrid.


Sigrid

From modern Scandinavian (Norwegian, Danish and Swedish Sigrid), a name known in Norse saga, and used by Swedish royalty; Old Norse Sigríðr.

A female given name from the Scandinavian languages, of fairly rare usage


Ingrid

From Swedish, Norwegian and Danish Ingrid, from Old Norse Ingiríðr.


Krystin

A female given name from Ancient Greek, one of the modern spelling variants of Kristin.


Ellinor

A rare spelling variant of Elinor or Eleanor.


Linnea

A female given name from Latin of Swedish origin, occasionally used since the twentieth century.


Aanya

From Sanskrit [Term?] (“inexhaustible”).

A female given name from Sanskrit, of Indian usage.


nonhuman

nonhuman animals

nonhuman agents


Radhesh

From a Hindi words radha (Lord Krishna's devotee) and eesh (God). Hindi grammar thus give the meaning as radha's god i.e. Krishna.

A male given name from India, of Indian usage.


Proto-Balto-Slavic

(linguistics) The hypothetical ancestor language or protolanguage of Baltic and Slavic languages, descending from Proto-Indo-European.


Amadeus

/ˌæməˈdeɪəs/

From Latin Amadeus. From Latin amo (“love”) + deus (“god”).


Nestor

From Ancient Greek Νέστωρ (Néstōr), possibly from νέομαι (néomai, “to return safely”), νόστος (nóstos, “homecoming”).

A male given name from Ancient Greek, rare in English.


South Dakotan

A native or resident of the state of South Dakota in the United States of America.


Vermonter

Vermont Central—Central Vermont. By Edward Hungerford, David W. Sargent, Jr., Lawrence Doherty and Charles E. Fisher, Boston, Massachusetts: The Railway & Locomotive Historical Society Inc., Baker Library, Harvard Business School. [...] These natural obstacles increased the difficulty of providing transport, but the intrepid Vermonters determined to have a railway linking the Great Lakes with Boston, independent of New York—and they achieved it.

1943 March and April, “Railway Literature”, in Railway Magazine, page 126:

But April is a whimsical month when Vermonters and Hampshirites alike are disposed to antic adventures such as trekking to Boston to get married or to New York to see the sights.

1959, Charles Morrow Wilson, The Magnificent Scufflers: Revealing the Great Days when America Wrestled the World, Stephen Greene Press, page 60

A native or resident of the state of Vermont in the United States of America.


Iowan

A native or resident of the state of Iowa in the United States of America.


Kansan

A native or resident of the state of Kansas in the United States of America.


Tennesseean

An inhabitant or a resident of the state of Tennessee.


Missourian

Missouran

used especially by those who pronounce the state's name /məˈzɝə/ rather than /mɨˈzɝi/

A native or resident of the state of Missouri in the United States of America.


Dakotan

An inhabitant or a resident of the state of North Dakota or South Dakota.


Dakotan

The language of the native Dakota people.


Idahoan

A native or resident of the state of Idaho in the United States of America.


North Dakotan

A native or resident of the state of North Dakota in the United States of America.


Nebraskan

A native or resident of the state of Nebraska in the United States of America.


Arizonan

Many Arizonans speak Navajo.

There is a great value and even a life lesson in the story of a native Arizonan.

2009 May 21, Stephen Des Georges, “Oral history class preserves history, promotes community”, in Arizona State University:

A native or resident of the state of Arizona in the United States of America.


Rhode Islander

A native or resident of the state of Rhode Island in the United States of America.


Washingtonian

Any real Washingtonian will be quick to tell you that "Washington state" is a university.

A native or resident of the state of Washington in the United States of America.


New Hampshirite

en-noun

New Hampshirite (plural New Hampshirites)

Wentworth may have been an employee of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, but he lived in New Hampshire and was a devoted New Hampshirite.

2006, Fletcher Haulley, A Primary Source History of the Colony of New Hampshire, page 35:

A native or resident of the state of New Hampshire in the United States of America.


Bradlee

A male given name transferred from the surname, of rare usage, variant of Bradley.


Loren

A male given name from German Lorenz, Spanish Lorenzo, or Italian Lorenzo, all in turn derived from Latin Laurentius (“Lawrence”).

A female given name from Latin, of rare usage, variant of Lauren.


Xander

A diminutive of the male given name Alexander, from Ancient Greek, of modern usage


Sacha

A unisex given name from French, equivalent to English Sasha.


Sander

en-proper noun

Sander (countable and uncountable, plural Sanders)

(obsolete) A diminutive of the male given name Alexander, from Ancient Greek.


Bazza

From Barry (or any personal name starting Ba-) + -zza.

“Barry, you've been on the Coast too long. Tomorrow morning I'm going to organize a job for you elsewhere. I'd start packing if I were you.”
However, Bazza wasn't put off that easily.

(British, Ireland, Australia) A diminutive of the male given name Barry.

‘I′m standing at me own door, Bazza. Nothing illegal in that, is there?’
‘Do you want a lift, Basil?’ I asked him.

2001, Kerryn Higgs, All That False Instruction, page 181:

(British, Ireland, Australia) A diminutive of the male given name Basil.


East Berliner

(dated, historical) A resident of East Berlin.


Casper

Alternative spelling of Caspar. The slur denoting a white person is an allusion to Casper the Friendly Ghost. The skateboarding term is named after Bobby Boyden, a professional skateboarder who was given the nickname "Casper" as a child because of his pale skin (again in allusion to the friendly ghost).

A male given name from Old Persian, of occasional usage, variant of Caspar.


Galatian

/ɡəˈleɪ.ʃən/

A member of an ancient Celtic tribe from Galatia (now part of Turkey)


Galatian

/ɡəˈleɪ.ʃən/

The now-extinct Celtic language of this tribe.


Eloi

From French Éloi, from Medieval Latin Eligius, chiefly after Saint Eligius, from Latin ēligere (“to pick, to choose from”) + -ius (“-y: forming adjectives and names”).


Wathawurung

An Australian Aboriginal language of the Pama-Nyungan family.


Bactrian

An extinct Eastern Iranian language which was spoken in the Central Asian region of Bactria, also called Tocharistan, in northern Afghanistan.


Tanglish

A variety of English spoken by native Tamil speakers.


Europanto

/jʊəɹ.əˈpæn.təʊ/

A blend from Latin Eurōpa (“Europe”) + Ancient Greek πᾰντός (pantós), from πᾶς (pâs, “all, whole”). Literally, “all Europe”.

An artificial language originally created by Diego Marani in 1996, combining vocabulary from a number of European languages.


Daniella

A female given name from Hebrew derived from Daniel, variant of Daniela and Danielle.


Meridith

A female given name from Welsh, variant of Meredith


Wally World

Derived from "Walley World", the name of a fictional theme park patterned after Disneyland in the 1983 movie National Lampoon's Vacation.

I thought I could replace him / so went down to a local wally world / and the salesman says / hey mister / what's a pet rock / and my heart grew cold / Lord / what's this world / coming to.

2002, R. D. McManes, “i buried my pet rock”, in We Ain't in Kansas No More, page 29:

"Wally World?" He felt like he was playing a new board game and was just getting the hang of the rules. “Around here,” Daisy said, “Wal-Mart is often called Wally World.

2002, Shelby Lewis, Simply Marvelous, page 83:

I had a nicely appointed (realtors' jargon for Wally World baroque) mobile home, a sort of plush culvert on wheels, and a new dog.

2004, Bob Wyatt., Trout Hunting: The Pursuit of Happiness, page 172:

"Her daughter was reported as saying Kandi ought to be used to Wally World by now.” “Guess so,” Daisy said, her manner thoughtful.

2004, Shelby Lewis, Simply Wild, page 238:

Over in the corner there was a raised platform, with a roll of background screens behind it, kind of like at the Wally World stores.

2007, Toni White, Ridge Street Home, page 36:

The man obviously had an aversion to Wally World: receiving stolen property in '73, […]; receiving stolen property in '78; […]; and grand theft […].

2007, L. W. Fugett, Murder in the Bluegrass, page 3:


Classical Tupi

An extinct Tupian language which was spoken by the native Tupi people of Brazil.


Irina

From Russian Ири́на (Irína), akin to English Irene.

Ири́на Ирина#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Ири́на (Irína).


Timon

And the saying pleased the whole multitude: and they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the Holy Ghost, and Philip, and Prochorus, and Nicanor, and Timon, and Parmenas, and Nicolas a proselyte of Antioch:

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 6:5:

Great Timon, noble, worthy, royal Timon!
Ah! when the means are gone that buy this praise,
The breath is gone whereof this praise is made.

~1607 William Shakespeare: Timon of Athens, Act II, Scene II

A male given name from Ancient Greek of mostly historical use.


Obed

From Hebrew אובד or עוֹבֵד (Oved, “servant”).

A male given name from Hebrew of biblical origin.


Derick

A male given name from the Germanic languages, variant of Derek.


Deryck

A male given name from the Germanic languages, a less common spelling of Derek.


Mickey D

Clanton and Carolyn made no complaints, but she could tell they would have preferred a Mickey D to her festive efforts. The best thing about the turkey was the skin.

1996, Francine Rivers, The Scarlet Thread, page 417:

Tejada quickly sobered them: "How much a cow weigh after Mickey D be through with him?

1997, Tony Chiu, Positive Match, page 110:

[…] the local metropolis, population twelve thousand, a Mickey D, three gas stations, and a Bi-Lo […].

2003, Robert K. Tanenbaum, Absolute Rage, page 13:

Damn thing even promised free Mickey D chicken salad coupons for filling out questionnaires.

2006, Elizabeth Whitmer, Aloha Rainbow, page 154:

(slang) McDonald's, a chain of fast-food restaurants.


Ronny

Shortening of Ronald + -y. A less common spelling of Ronnie.

A diminutive of the male given name Ronald.


Vogul

The Finno-Ugric language spoken in Khantia-Mansia.


Hilma

Used in early 19th-century Scandinavian literature, probably as a variant of Wilhelmina.

A female given name from the Germanic languages in occasional use at the turn of the 20th century.


Alina

Borrowed from Italian Alina, or a Latinate form of French Aline, ultimately from diminutives of the same Germanic name Adela, Adele.

A female given name from the Germanic languages.


Dorian

Constructed like the French Doriens. From the Latin root of Dōres + -ian. Compare Ancient Greek Δωριεύς (Dōrieús, “of Doris”).

cog

A male given name from Ancient Greek, famously used by Oscar Wilde in his novel The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891).


Tocharian A

(linguistics) The eastern member of the Tocharian branch of Indo-European languages, extinct since the ninth century. Once spoken in the Tarim Basin in Central Asia.


Tocharian B

(linguistics) The western member of the Tocharian branch of Indo-European languages, extinct since the ninth century. Once spoken in the Tarim Basin in Central Asia.


Liv

A female given name. From Norwegian, Danish, and Swedish, from Old Norse "hlíf," meaning "defense, protection; byrnie, shield" Influenced by the modern Scandinavian word "liv" meaning "life."


Raul

A male given name from Spanish, an Anglicized form of Spanish Raúl.


Southern European

en-noun

Southern European (plural Southern Europeans)

A Southern European person; one who comes from or lives in Southern Europe.


Northern European

Northern European (plural Northern Europeans)

A Northern European person; one who comes from or lives in Northern Europe.


Eastern European

Eastern European (plural Eastern Europeans)

An Eastern European person; one who comes from or lives in Eastern Europe.


Western European

Western European (plural Western Europeans)

A Western European person; one who comes from or lives in Western Europe.


Welsher

(rare, obsolete) Synonym of Walian: a Welsh person, a Welshman or Welshwoman.


Herschel

(Uranus): after its discoverer, William Herschel.


Central European

Central European (plural Central Europeans)

From Central Europe + -ean, or central + European.

Central Europeans also have in their heads a number of different historical maps and milestones that are not particularly well known outside the region or necessarily respected by their neighbors, and they still regularly use them as points of orientation.

1996, Lonnie R. Johnson, Central Europe: Enemies, Neighbors, Friends, page 5:

Polish, Hungarian, Slovak, and Slovene national elites have tried desperately to prove that their countries do not belong to the "East"; that they are, indeed, Central Europeans.

2003, Ivan T. Berend, History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe in the Long Nineteenth Century, page xiii:

A Central European person; one who comes from or lives in Central Europe.


Massachusett

A Native American tribe who traditionally live in the Massachusetts Bay area in the state of Massachusetts.


Wampanoag

Wampanoag (plural Wampanoags or Wampanoag)

A member of a current Native American nation currently consisting of five affiliated tribes.


who's your daddy

I got fisted one time [by] a very short lesbian. [mimes] "Who's your daddy?" "...Eileen?" "That's right, bitch!"

A humorous or sarcastic statement of (often sexual) superiority over someone else.

(BDSM) An assertion that one is the dominant in a relationship or situation.


Meggan

A female given name from Welsh, a rare nonstandard spelling of the Welsh Megan.


redargue

en-verb

redargue (third-person singular simple present redargues, present participle redarguing, simple past and past participle redargued)

redargues (present singular third-person)
redarguing (participle present)
redargued (participle past)
redargued (past)

/ɹɪˈdɑːɡjuː/

From Late Middle English redarguen, redargue (“to defeat (someone) in an argument; to rebuke, reprove”), from Middle French redarguer and Old French redargüer (“to disprove, refute; to accuse, blame; to rebuke, reprove”) (modern French rédarguer), and from their etymon Latin redarguere (“to disprove, refute”) (compare Late Latin redarguere (“to rebuke, reprove”)), the present active infinitive of redarguō (“to disprove, refute; to contradict”), from red- (a variant of re- (prefix meaning ‘again’)) + arguō (“to assert, declare; to clarify, make plain; to prove, show; to accuse, charge with; to censure, rebuke, reprove; to blame; to denounce as false”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erǵ- (“argent, white; glittering”), in the sense of casting light on something to make it clear). Doublet of argue.
cognates
* Catalan redargüir
* Italian redarguire
* Old Occitan redarguir
* Portuguese redargüir
* Spanish redargüir

der

Dia[ph Silkworm]. Sir, Ile redargue you, / By diſputation. / Com[passe]. O let's heare this! / I long to heare a man diſpute in his ſhirt / Of valour, and his ſvvord dravvne in his hand.

1632 (first performance), Benjamin Jonson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “The Magnetick Lady: Or, Humors Reconcil’d. A Comedy […]”, in The Workes of Benjamin Jonson. The Second Volume. […] (Second Folio), London: […] Richard Meighen, published 1640, →OCLC, Act III, scene vi, page 39:

To disprove or refute (someone) in an argument.

Nathaniel Carpenter [i.e., Nathanael Carpenter] late Fellow of Exceter Colledge in Oxford, in the ſecond booke and ſeventh chapter of his learned Geographicall concluſions, thus fully redargues that forgerie.

1635, George Hakewill, “Touching Grammar, Rhetorique, Logicke, the Mathematiques, Philosophy, Architecture, the Arts of Painting and Navigation”, in An Apologie or Declaration of the Power and Providence of God in the Government of the World. […], 3rd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] William Turner […], →OCLC, book III, section 4 (Of the Art of Navigation, […]), page 310:

[T]he objections you mention, I humbly conceive, are ſuch as may be redargued, if not entirely removed— […]

1771, [Tobias Smollett], “To Mr. Henry Davis, Bookseller, in London”, in The Expedition of Humphry Clinker […], volume I, London: […] W. Johnston, […]; and B. Collins, […], →OCLC, pages v–vi:

To rebut or refute (an argument, a proposition, etc.).


how about that

(rhetorical question) A general statement of surprise or bemusement with regard to a particular event.; isn't that good, or unexpected, etc.


JoAnne

A female given name from Hebrew, variant of Joanne.


Emirati

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates

Of, from, or pertaining to the United Arab Emirates.

إِمَارَاتِيّ

of, from, or pertaining to United Arab Emirates


Emirati

A person born in, or a citizen or inhabitant of, the United Arab Emirates.

A person descended ethnically from the Arab people of the United Arab Emirates.


Pippa

A female given name, diminutive of Philippa.


Ynez

A female given name from Spanish, a less common spelling of Inez.


Rico

A diminutive of the male given names Ricardo, Federico, or Enrico.


Avinash

From Hindi अविनाश (avināś, “indestructible”).


Alfreda

Originally a variant of Elfreda, used as a feminine form of Alfred since the 19th century.


Elfreda

From Old English Ælfþrȳþ (from ælf (“elf”) + þrȳþ (“strength”)); later partly merged with æþel (“noble”) + þrȳþ (“strength”) ( =Audrey).

inh

1914?, Jessie Graham Flower, Grace Harlowe's Fourth Year at Overton College
“When you are at Wayne Hall do as the Wayne Hallites do,” quoted Miriam, who had followed Elfreda into the room.

A female given name from Old English borne by a medieval English queen; rare today.


Elysian

Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon
Sebastiaen Vrancx

From Latin Elysium (from Ancient Greek Ἠλύσιον (Ēlúsion, “Elysium; an Elysian Field; one of the Elysian Fields”)) + -an (adjective-forming suffix).

der

Departed spirits do not however make a joyful and immediate entrance into these elysian fields, but must first slide for the space of five days, or, according to others, for a still longer period, down a rough rock, which the Greenlanders, by a strange contradiction, represent to be quite bloody.

1826, John Frederick Dennett, “The Second Voyage of Captain Parry”, in The Voyages and Travels of Captains Parry, Franklin, Ross, and Mr. Belzoni; Forming an Interesting History of the Manners, Customs, and Characters of Various Nations, Visited by Enterprising Travellers, London: Published by J. Jacques and W. Wright, 13, Paternoster Row, →OCLC, page 246:

But everyone that has lived a wicked life on earth, committed murder in his own nation, or been guilty of suicide, must pass by a different route to the Elysian fields. He has a steep precipice to climb, which gives him much pain and trouble; […]

1897, Alexander Henry, David Thompson, “Ethnography of Fort Vermilion”, in Elliott Coues, editor, New Light on the Early History of the Greater Northwest: The Manuscript Journals of Alexander Henry, Fur Trader of the Northwest Company and of David Thompson, Official Geographer of the Same Company 1799–1814: Exploration and Adventure among the Indians on the Red, Saskatchewan, Missouri and Columbia Rivers … In Three Volumes, volume II, New York, N.Y.: Francis P. Harper, →OCLC, part II (The Saskatchewan and Columbia Rivers), page 529:

Of or pertaining to Elysian or Elysium, the location.


arr

Why against printers all this noise? This summoning of blackguard boys? Why so sagacious in your guesses? Your effs, and tees, and arrs, and eſſes? Take my advice; to make you safe, I know a shorter way be half.

a. 1746 (date written), Jonathan Swift, “On the Irish Club”, in Thomas Sheridan, John Nichols, editors, The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, […], new edition, volume VIII, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], published 1801, →OCLC, page 78:

Alternative form of ar; the name of the Latin-script letter R/r.


common name

(chemistry) A name that unambiguously identifies a substance but is not the IUPAC systematic name.


Reds

In reference to the ancient Roman and medieval Byzantine racing faction, a calque of Latin russātī (“Reddish-Brown-Clads”) or factio russata (“the reddish-brown-clad faction”) and Byzantine Greek Ῥούσιοι (Rhoúsioi, “Reds”).

bor

(informal, politics) Synonym of Communist Party in various contexts.

Gibbon's successors had alternative suggestions, the most persistent of which has been that the Blues were supporters of religious orthodoxy and the Greens of Monophysitism. According to this view, the emperor Anastasius, whose Monophysitism was notorious, should have been a Green, though contemporary evidence makes him a Red.

2002, James Allan Stewart Evans, The Age of Justinian..., p. 38

(informal, sports) Any of several sports teams whose uniform is predominantly red, particularly

(historical) The chariot-racing faction of the Roman circus and Constantinopolitan hippodrome that wore red.


Lucretia

A female given name from Latin. The feminine form of Lucretius.


what am I, chopped liver

You've been nice enough, but what am I, chopped liver or something?

1949, Joey Adams, The Curtain Never Falls, New York, N.Y.: F. Fell, →OCLC, page 175:

rhetorical question
rhetorical question#English

A rhetorical question used to indicate that the speaker is feeling left out or slighted by attention given to another person or persons.


Angelique

A female given name from French anglicized from French Angélique, occasionally used in English since the 20th century.


Afghanistani

An inclusive term used for all inhabitants of Afghanistan versus Afghan which is an ethnonym.


Gideon

Borrowed from Hebrew גִּדְעוֹן (gid'ón, “Gideon”) ("feller", "hewer", "mighty warrior").

A male given name from Hebrew, popularized by Puritans.


Dodie

A diminutive of the female given name Dorothy.


Angeline

Boughton had christened her, as I said, but I laid my hand on her just to bless her, and I could feel her pulse, her warmth, the damp of her hair. The Lord said, 'Their angels in Heaven always see the face of my Father in Heaven' (Matthew 18:10). That's why Boughton named her Angeline.

2009, Marilynne Robinson, Gilead: Winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, Hachette UK, →ISBN:


Livvy

A diminutive of the female given name Olivia.


Gopala

A male given name from Sanskrit used in India, also anglicised as Gopal.


Thea

Shortened from Dorothea and Theodora, ultimately from Ancient Greek θεά (theá, “goddess”).

A female given name from Ancient Greek (rather rare in English).


Govinda

From Sanskrit गोविन्द (Govinda, “finder of cows”).

der

A male given name from Sanskrit used in India; also transliterated as Govind.


Mirandese

My example is taken from the Portuguese dialect of Mirandese, more specifically Mirandese as spoken in the area of Sendim[…]

1974, R. Joe Campbell, Mark G. Goldin, Mary Clayton Wang, editors, Linguistic studies in Romance languages: Proceedings, page 41:

An endangered Romance language spoken in the northeastern corner of Portugal, principally in the municipalities of Miranda do Douro and Vimioso.


Hildegarde

A female given name from the Germanic languages, variant of Hildegard.


Guro

A language of the Mande family spoken in the Ivory Coast.


Hildegard

Borrowed from German Hildegard in the 19th century; ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *Hildigardu.


Zacharias

From Ancient Greek Ζαχαρίας (Zakharías), the New Testament form of the figure's name in the Old Testament, Hebrew זְכַרְיָה (Zəḵaryā, “Yahweh has remembered”). Compare Zachariah and Zechariah.


Pyu

The Tibeto-Burman language of this people.


Quadi

(historical) A member of an ancient Germanic people who lived in Moravia.


come by

en-verb

come by (third-person singular simple present comes by, present participle coming by, simple past came by, past participle come by)

comes by (present singular third-person)
coming by (participle present)
came by (past)
come by (participle past)

Your beau came by while you were shopping.

(intransitive) To come near to; to pass; to visit.

зайти́ pf (zajtí) (+ к (k) + dative case)

загляну́ть pf (zagljanútʹ) (+ к (k) + dative case)


Volha

Во́льга Вольга#Belarusian

A transliteration of the Belarusian female given name Во́льга (Vólʹha).


Ganga

Transliteration of Hindi गंगा (gaṅgā) or Sanskrit गङ्गा (gaṅgā). Doublet of Ganges.


cereology

From Ceres (“Roman goddess of agriculture”) + -ology.

suffix

[…] the array of experts who have collaborated to found the Centre for Crop Circle Studies and co-author The Crop Circle Enigma, the parents of cereology […]

1990 October–December, New Scientist, volume 128, London: New Science Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 61:

The result of all this has been to throw the world of cereology into a state of total confusion. All its previous certainties have been demolished.

1991, “Editorial notes”, in The Cereologist: The Journal for Crop Circles Studies, Shepton Mallet, Somerset: The Cereologist, OCLC 877349523, page 5; quoted in Gordon Stein, “Crop Circles”, in The Encyclopedia of the Paranormal, Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1996, ISBN 978-1-57392-021-6, page 185, column 1

Saucer enthusiasts argued that the cropland patterns marked the landing spots of UFOs bearing visitors from space. Believers in the paranormal claimed the circles radiated mysterious energy forces. The patterns spawned a kind of intellectual cottage industry: no fewer than 35 Britons claim to be experts on the phenomenon. A new scientific discipline, cereology, emerged. It is practiced by members of the Circles Effect Research Unit, a privately funded group headed by Wiltshire-based physicist Terence Meaden.

1991 September 23, Leon Jaroff, “It happens in the best circles”, in Time, archived from the original on 2016-11-11:

The world needed to be educated about the mysteries of cereology, and that knowledge base had not been disseminated widely enough for my more "unusual" theories to be accepted, or at least considered, with reason and open-mindedness.

2003, Colin Andrews, Stephen J. Spignesi, “The Path”, in Crop Circles: Signs of Contact, Franklin Lakes, N.J.: New Page Books, →ISBN, page 29, column 1:

The investigation, or practice, of creating crop circles.


Rafael

Compare Spanish Rafael, Portuguese Rafael.


Luwian

From Luwia, part of Asia Minor, + -ian. For the first element see Ancient Greek Λυδός (Ludós).

an extinct language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family, spoken in the 2nd millennium BC and recorded in both hieroglyphic and cuneiform scripts.


Srimati

From Sanskrit श्रीमत् (śrīmat, “beautiful, charming, lovely, pleasant, splendid, glorious”).


Joslyn

A female given name from the Germanic languages, of modern usage, variant of Jocelyn.


Silvester

A male given name, variant of Sylvester.


Joumana

Borrowed from Arabic جُمَانَة (jumāna), meaning a perfect pearl.


Polabian

From the name of Polabian tribes, which in turn derives from the name of the Elbe river in Slavic languages (cp. Polish Łaba, Czech Labe), and possibly ultimately from Proto-Slavic *po.

A West Slavic language, extinct in the 18th century.


Ajay

Transliteration of Hindi अजय (ajay), etc.


Hillary

From Latin Hilarius or Hilaria, from hilare (“cheerfully”) (compare English hilarious).

A unisex given name from Latin
A female given name from Latin Hilaria.

A male given name from Latin Hilarius, variant of Hilary.


Yankunytjatjara

From Yankunytjatjara Yankunytjatjara, from yankunytja + tjara, literally 'having (the word) "yankunytja" (as opposed to the word pitjantja)'.

An Aboriginal language (or dialect), mainly spoken in central Australia and belonging to the Western Desert language group (or language), which in turn belongs to the Pama-Nyungan subfamily.


Wayuu

The Arawak language of the Wayuu people.


Maudie

A pet form of the female given name Maud or Maude.


Mathilda

A female given name from the Germanic languages, a less common spelling of Matilda.


Tillie

Without reason, against prudence, and at a moment’s notice, he fell in love with a frivolous, golden-haired girl who used to tear about Simla Mall on a high, rough waler, with a blue velvet jockey-cap crammed over her eyes. Her name was Venner—Tillie Venner—and she was delightful.

1887, Rudyard Kipling, Wressley of the Foreign Office:

A diminutive of the female given name Matilda.


fourpence

A former British silver coin, worth four pence.


Erwin

A male given name from the Germanic languages, of rare usage, variant of Irwin.


Norbert

From Old High German nord (“north”) + beraht (“bright”).

Norbert is a moniker one normally doesn't associate with one of the game's most intimidating midfielders, but "Nobby" provided the steel for the England side that prevailed in the 1966 World Cup, and his gap-toothed visage would have earned him a guest spot in the movie Halloween.

2009, Jeff Carlisle, Soccer's Most Wanted II, Potomac Books, Inc., →ISBN, page 234:

A male given name from the Germanic languages.


Gita

en-proper noun

Gita (countable and uncountable, plural Gitas)

From Sanskrit गीता (gītā, “song”), sometimes in reference to Bhagavad Gita.

A female given name from Sanskrit, used in India.


Galina

Borrowed from Russian Гали́на (Galína), from Ancient Greek γαλήνη (galḗnē, “calm”), name of a Nereid and of early martyrs venerated in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Гали́на Галина#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Гали́на (Galína).


Oleg

Oleg (countable and uncountable, plural Olegs)

Borrowed from Russian Оле́г (Olég), a Varangian name, ultimately from Old Norse Helgi (“holy, sacred or blessed”). Cognate to modern Scandinavian Helge.

der

A male given name from the Slavic languages.


Berliner

The first sense is either from German Berliner (“native or inhabitant of Berlin”) or formed in English from Berlin + -er. The second sense is from German Berliner (“doughnut”).


Chukchi

From Russian чу́кчи (čúkči), plural of чу́кча (čúkča).

(uncountable) A Paleosiberian language spoken by Chukchi people in the easternmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.


Scythian

The Eastern Iranian language of Scythians.


JM

(UK politics, slang) Initialism of John Major, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1990 to 1997.


Lampung

A lect of the Indonesian province of Lampung, which is either a language with two main dialects, or a macrolanguage encompassing two or three separate languages, including Abung.


Ignatius

A saints' name from the Latin gens name Ignātius, Egnātius, of uncertain meaning, by folk etymology associated with Latin ignis (“fire”).
It might be related to Ancient Greek ἴγνης (ígnēs, “indigene”), ἴγνητος (ígnētos), from *ἔν-γνη-τες (*én-gnē-tes), formed from έν (én) + Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to give birth, produce”), also seen in γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “to come into being”).

der

A male given name from Latin; of mostly Roman Catholic or Eastern Orthodox usage in English.


Aiton

A Tai language spoken in India and written in a version of the Burmese abugida.


Pampango

From Spanish pampango, from Kapampangan pampang (“river bank”) + -o.


Dror

From Hebrew דְּרוֹר (d'rór, “Dror, freedom, sparrow”).


Cytherean

/ˌsɪ.ðəˈɹi.ən/

From Cythera, from Ancient Greek Κύθηρα (Kúthēra) + -an.

This view, that we see only a Cytherean cloud-canopy, has been confirmed by M. Landerer's observation of the non-polarised character of the light reflected by the crescent Venus; [...]

1893, Agnes M. Clerke, A Popular History of Astronomy During the Nineteenth Century, page 314:

But we should hesitate in assuming that the cytherean skies are usually overcast, for the reason that if the greater heat stimulates evaporation, the converse process of precipitation would be slackened for the same reason.

1898, E. M. Antoniadi, “Notes on the Rotation Period of Venus”, in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 63, page 319:

long before we landed spacecraft on Venus scientists deduced the temperature of the cytherean surface by studying Venus's radio emission.

1989, Jay M. Pasachoff, Astronomy, from the earth to the universe, 5, page 171:

In fact, Soviet astronomers once thought that the thick, dense Cytherean atmosphere might not let any sunlight reach the surface.

1991, Kenneth R. Lang, Charles Allen Whitney, Wanderers in space: exploration and discovery in the solar system, page 78:

(uncommon) Of or pertaining to the planet Venus; Venusian.


Mycenaean Greek

The most ancient attested form of the Greek language, spoken on the Greek mainland and on Crete in the 16th to 11th centuries BC, written in Linear B script.


Rhodesian

“Take it easy, Tahm-boo,” your boss says, her Rhodesian accent returning inexplicably.

2018, Tsitsi Dangarembga, This Mournable Body, Faber & Faber (2020), page 289:

From, pertaining, or relating to Rhodesia or its people or culture.


Maddy

A diminutive of the female given name Madeleine.

A diminutive of the unisex given name Madison.


Indochinese

(dated or historical) Of or pertaining to Indochina or its culture or people.


Pacific Islander

en-noun

Pacific Islander (plural Pacific Islanders)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Pacific Islander.wav

A person who resides in or originates from Samoa, Tonga, Tokelau, Niue, Cook Islands or any other Pacific island.


Papua New Guinean

Papua New Guinean (plural Papua New Guineans)

Citizen of Papua New Guinea or of Papua New Guinean descent.

Papoea-Nieu-Guinees

citizen of Papua New Guinea or of Papua New Guinean descent


Svetoslav

Светослав Светослав

A romanization of the Bulgarian male given name from the Slavic languages Светослав. Romanized diminutive/nickname: Svetlio.

bg:Светослав


Anatolian

An extinct group of Indo-European languages once spoken in Anatolia, including Hittite and Luwian.


Roundhead

From round + head, from their short-cropped hairstyle.

(informal, historical) A supporter of parliament during the English Civil War.


Stefanos

Transliteration of Greek Στέφανος (Stéfanos), a male given name used in (modern) Greece. Cognate with English Stephen.

Στέφανος Στέφανος#Greek

A transliteration of the Greek male given name Στέφανος (Stéfanos).


Clementine

From French Clémentine, from Clément (“Clement”) + -ine (feminine suffix), from Late Latin Clēmens (genitive Clēmentis), from clēmens (“merciful”).

Oh my darling, oh my darling, oh my darling Clementine!
Thou were lost and gone forever, dreadful sorry, Clementine.

1884, debated authorship, Oh My Darling Clementine (a ballad):

A female given name from Latin; feminine of Clement.


Avinesh

A male given name from Sanskrit originating in India.


Swiss German

Today, it is probably true to say that both varieties have positive prestige but for different reasons and to differing extents: attitudes to Swiss German, as the unifying vernacular that gives the German-Swiss their identity, are positive in every respect, while Swiss standard German enjoys widespread prestige only as a written form that enables them to be part of the international German-speaking community […].

1990, Stephen Barbour, Patrick Stevenson, Variation in German: A Critical Approach to German Sociolinguistics, page 213:

We do not intend this book to serve as a complete course in Swiss German; rather, it serves as a supplement to those studying the language in a more formal way.

2004, Harald Fuchs, Paul G. Schreier, Züritüütsch isch aifach schön, page xi:

The varieties of Alemannic German spoken in Switzerland.

Swiss Standard German
Swiss Standard German

(loosely) Any local form of the German language used in Switzerland; Swiss Standard German.


Swiss German

A German-speaking person from Switzerland.


Swiss German

en-adj

Swiss German (comparative more Swiss German, superlative most Swiss German)

more Swiss German (comparative)
most Swiss German (superlative)

Pertaining to the German-speaking part of Switzerland.

Two years ago, there was an uproar in the local media after Coop ran an advertising campaign that used the High German word for "to barbecue", grillen, rather than the Swiss German grillieren.

2014 February 14, Philip Oltermann, The Guardian:

Of or relating to one or all of the languages.


Ashlee

A female given name transferred from the surname, variant of Ashley.


Ames

en-proper noun

Ames (countable and uncountable, plural Ameses)

Translingual: Ames

A female given name transferred from the surname.


Ames

From the clipping of Amy + -s (hypocoristic suffix).

Brittany looked up, and Amy's arrival was finally noticed. “Hey, Ames,” Brittany said, waving from the corner of the couch.

2019, Jenn Gott, Who's Afraid of Amy Sinclair?:

A diminutive of the female given name Amy


Norette

A female given name from Irish of Irish origin.


Noreen

Anglicized from Irish Nóirín (diminutive of Nóra (“Nora”)).

der

diminutive of <i class="Latn mention" lang="ga">Nóra</i> (“Nora”)


Noreen

Anglicized from Arabic نُورٍ (nūrin, “light”, in the genitive case).


Eridian

(science fiction) a theoretical inhabitant of the dwarf planet Eris


French Guianese

Of, from, or pertaining to French Guiana or the French Guianese people.


Proto-Semitic

The hypothetical protolanguage of Semitic languages.


house of worship

en-noun

house of worship (plural houses of worship)

(religion) A religious edifice; a mosque, church, synagogue, temple, or similar place where believers go to practice their faith.


since when

Since when do I need your permission?

“[…] We are engaged in a great work, a treatise on our river fortifications, perhaps ? But since when did army officers afford the luxury of amanuenses in this simple republic ? Does your Vehmgerichte pay such extraordinary expenses ?[…]”

1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

(colloquial, rhetorical question, sarcastic) From what time.

The moon is made of green cheese. Since when?

(colloquial, rhetorical question, sarcastic) (as an interrogative interjection) Used to indicate doubt as to the veracity of a statement.


Issa

Alternative form of Iswa (the Catawba, a Native American people who inhabit the Carolinas).


Maximus

Maximus Byzantinus. Contemporary with Maximus of Ephesus: Socrates H. E. III. 1 Μάξιμος ὁ φιλόσοφος, οὐχ ὁ Βυζάντιος ὁ Εὐκλείδου πατὴρ, ἀλλ᾽ ὁ ᾿Εφέσιος. Speaking of cir. A. D. 350. These two Maximi are confounded by Suidas p. 2396 BC.

1850, Henry Fynes Clinton, Fasti Romani. The Civil and Literary Chronology of Rome and Constantinople. […], volume II (Appendix), Oxford, Oxfordshire: At the University Press, page 309:

[S]ix have references to other names, and then there are twenty-four different days of commemoration. The catalogue of Maximuses, of whom they are sixty-two recorded, is on a similar plan.

1881 July, “Article II. Smith’s Christian Antiquities.”, in The Southern Presbyterian Review, volume XXXII, Columbia, S.C.: […] Presbyterian Publishing House, page 433:

G.E. Ganss, Selected sermons of saint Maximus and saint Valerian’s homilies, FC 17, Washington 1965; F. Gallesio, Sermoni di s. Massimo di Torino, Rome 1975; Ed. and Eng. tr. B. Ramsey, The Sermons of St. Maximus of Turin, ACW 50 (1989). Studies supposing the identity of the two Maximi or referring uncritically to B. Bruni’s edition have a relative value.

1992, M. Pellegrino, translated by Adrian Walford, “MAXIMUS of Turin”, in edited by Angelo Di Berardino, Encyclopedia of the Early Church, volume I, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 549, column 1:

The company of men like the two Maximi, local landowner and provincial governor, may have deluded Julian into forming hopes which far outreached anything that could be achieved by anti-Christian legislation.

1993, Stephen Mitchell, Anatolia: Land, Men, and Gods in Asia Minor, volume II (The Rise of the Church), Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, published 1995, →ISBN, page 91, column 2:

Socrates carefully distinguishes Maximus of Ephesus from Maximus of Byzantium, and identifies him, pejoratively, as the philosopher who was executed by Valentinian for magic. Given the care with which he differentiates the two Maximi, it is curious that he wrongly attributes the execution to Valentinian rather than to Valens.

2003, D. F. Buck, “Socrates Scholasticus on Julian the Apostate”, in Byzantion, volume LXXIII, Brussels, page 303:

To men he felt he could trust—Bassus, the two Maximi, Felix, Evagrius, and Ablabius, for instance—he was willing to delegate great authority over long periods of time; […]

2013, David [Stone] Potter, “An Ordered Society”, in Constantine the Emperor, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, published 2015, →ISBN, part 8 (Ruler of the World), page 274:


Moravian

en-adj

Moravian (comparative more Moravian, superlative most Moravian)

more Moravian (comparative)
most Moravian (superlative)

Pertaining to, or bordering on, the Morava river in Czech Republic, Europe.

Pertaining to, or bordering on, the Morava river in Serbia, Europe.


Moravian

A group of Slavic dialects spoken in the Moravia region, considered by some linguists to compose a language separate from Czech.


Llanito

From Spanish Llanitos (“people of the flatlands”), or from Italian Gianni (“Johnny”).

uder

A vernacular spoken primarily in Gibraltar, based on a mix of Andalusian Spanish and English, but also influenced by Genoese, Hebrew, Portuguese, Italian and Maltese.


Llanito

Spanglish

a generic term for English/Spanish interlanguage


Eastern Balochi

A variety of the Balochi language, spoken mainly in Pakistan, where it has about 1.5 million speakers.


Southern Balochi

A variety of the Balochi language spoken mainly in Pakistan, where it has about 3 million speakers, and in Iran (0.5 million).


Western Balochi

A variety of Balochi language, spoken in Pakistan (more than 1 million speakers), Iran (0.5 million), Afghanistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan.


Balochi

A Northwestern Iranian language spoken mainly in SW Pakistan (80% of speakers), SE Iran and S Afghanistan. SIL standard divides Balochi into three related languages, Eastern Balochi, Southern Balochi and Western Balochi.


Gibraltarian

The dialect spoken in Gibraltar, a mix of British English and Andalusian Spanish.


Hedwig

From German Hedwig, from Old High German Haduwig, Hadwig, from Proto-Germanic *Haþuwīgą (from *haþuz (“fight”) + *wīgą (“battle”)).


Batt

* As an English surname, a pet form of Bartholomew.
* Also as an English surname, possibly from Old English batt (“cudgel”); see modern bat.
* As a German surname, from a derivative of Medieval Latin beatus (“blessed”).

(Ireland) A diminutive of the male given name Bartholomew.


Daveon

A male given name transferred from the surname, of rare usage, variant of Davion.


Davion

The modern American usage is possibly transferred from the French surname Davion, based on a Provençal diminutive of David. It is not used as a given name in France.

A male given name transferred from the surname.


Hertha

From German Hertha (see that entry for more).

Hertha Ayrton

A female given name from the Germanic languages occasionally borrowed from German around 1900.


Waldemar

Borrowed from German Waldemar in the 19th century. Compare Vladimir, from Slavic, and the Scandinavian name Valdemar.

If, as a stranger in our land, you should require the aid of other judgment to guide your own, we can only say that Alicia, the daughter of our gallant knight Waldemar Fitzurse, has at our court been long held the first in beauty as in place.

(rare) A male given name from the Germanic languages.


Old Persian

The oldest reliably dated citation is part of the Behistun inscription of Darius the Great (died 486 B.C.), which is given in transliterated Old Persian in the entry for Aryan.

2018, James Lambert, “Setting the Record Straight: An In-depth Examination of Hobson-Jobson”, in International Journal of Lexicography, volume 31, number 4, →DOI, page 492:

The ancestor language of Middle Persian, and via it of New Persian language. Attested in Old Persian cuneiform, in the period 525 B.C.E. - 300 B.C.E..


Ch'orti'

The Mayan language spoken by these people.


astrict

en-verb

astrict (third-person singular simple present astricts, present participle astricting, simple past and past participle astricted)

astricts (present singular third-person)
astricting (participle present)
astricted (participle past)
astricted (past)

Latin astrictus, past participle of astringere. See astringe.

to astrict lands


Lancelot

en-proper noun

Lancelot (countable and uncountable, plural Lancelots)

From Middle English Launcelot, from Old French Lancelot, from Frankish *Lanzo, hypocoristic form of names beginning in *Land-, from Proto-Germanic *landą (“land”), and diminutive Old French endings -el and -ot.
Related to Old English Landbeorht (modern English Lambert).

(Arthurian legend) One of the Knights of the Round Table, a lover of Guinevere.

"What's the first name?" - - -
"I have a horrible feeling that it's Lancelot!"
"Good God!" said Archie.
"It couldn't really be that, could it?"
Archie looked grave. He hated to give pain, but he felt he must be honest.
"It might," he said. "People give their children all sorts of rummy names. My second name's Tracy. And I have a pal in England who was christened Cuthbert De la Hay Horace. Fortunately everyone calls him Stinker."

1921, P.G.Wodehouse, Indiscretions of Archie, page 162:


Kamal

Transliteration of Arabic كَمَال (kamāl, “perfection”).


Kamal

Transliteration of Hindi कमल (kamal). Doublet of Kamala.


Everard

Variant of Everett, or from Old English eofor (“boar”) + heard (“hardy”).


Alabamian

Sunday was the day of the week most Alabamians wanted off for the two holy acts—going to church and watching football.

2020, Yaa Gyasi, Transcendent Kingdom, Viking (2021), page 24:

A native or resident of the state of Alabama in the United States of America.


Arnie

A diminutive of the male given name Arnold


Artie

A diminutive of the male given name Arthur, from the Celtic languages.


Etna

Possibly an anglicisation of Irish Eithne.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:Etna.


Raisa

Раи́са Раиса#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Раи́са (Raísa).


Lemuel

From Hebrew לְמוּאֵל (l'mu'él), literally meaning “dedicated to God” or “devoted to God”.

THE Author of theſe Travels, Mr. Lemuel Gulliver, is my antient and intimate Friend; there is likewiſe ſome Relation between us by the Mother's Side.

1726 October 28, Richard Sympson [pseudonym], “The Publisher to the Reader”, in [Jonathan Swift], Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part I (A Voyage to Lilliput), page iv:

A male given name from Hebrew of biblical origin.


Quai d'Orsay

A quay and street in Paris, France, the home of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs.


Number 10

There are honourable people in the government and principled advisers working in Number 10, even if their unheralded service is obscured by the crass antics of spin doctors and the demagoguery of some ministers.

2009 April 23, Bagehot, “Who's Nasty Now?”, in The Economist, page 61:

10 Downing Street
10 Downing Street#English

(UK politics) Synonym of 10 Downing Street.


Rapa Nui

/ˈɹɑːpɑː ˈnuːɪ/

Easter Island
Rapa Nui language
Rapa Nui people

An Eastern Polynesian language spoken by the inhabitants of Easter Island.


is it just me

I was wondering, is it just me, or do you sometimes find it really hard to be a mom?

2013, Faith Bogdan, Who Are All These Children and Why Are They Calling Me Mom?:

(colloquial, rhetorical question) Am I the only one who thinks this?


Daryush

Transliteration of Persian داریوش (“Darius”).

A male given name from Persian, a rare transliteration.


Heraclitus

From Latin Hēraclītus, from Ancient Greek Ἡράκλειτος (Hērákleitos).

An Ancient Greek male given name from Ancient Greek, notably borne by Heraclitus of Ephesus, a pre-Socratic Ionian philosopher


Albertine

Borrowed from French Albertine. Variant of Albertina.

A female given name from the Germanic languages.


Ethelbert

From Old English Æþelbeorht, from Proto-West Germanic *Aþalberht. Compound of Old English æþele (“noble”) + beorht (“bright”). Doublet of Albert.

A male given name from Old English revived in the 19th century.


eightpence

[…] I went for a night to a lodging-house in Bow, where the charge was only eightpence.

1933 January 9, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter XXV, in Down and Out in Paris and London, London: Victor Gollancz […], →OCLC:

(historical, numismatics) A former coin worth eight pence; the monetary amount of eight pence.


Valentina

en-proper noun

Valentina (countable and uncountable, plural Valentinas)

A female given name from Latin, feminine form of Valentine.


Albertina

A feminine diminutive form of Albert. Latinate variant of Albertine.


Kosovar

en-adj

Kosovar (comparative more Kosovar, superlative most Kosovar)

more Kosovar (comparative)
most Kosovar (superlative)


Kosovan

Kosovan (comparative more Kosovan, superlative most Kosovan)

more Kosovan (comparative)
most Kosovan (superlative)

From, of, or pertaining to Kosovo or its people, culture or language.


Baruga

A language spoken by about 2,000 people in Papua New Guinea


Enzo

Borrowed from Italian Enzo (equivalent to English Hank), from German Heinz, a diminutive of Heinrich (English Henry), from Old High German Heimrih, Haimirich (heim (“home”) + rihhi (“ruler”)), from Proto-Germanic *Haimarīks, from Proto-Indo-European roots.
Rare in the US and UK prior to 2003, popularized in the 2000s.


Kalamazooan

One who resides in or comes from Kalamazoo.


Japanner

Of the interior of the apartment we occupied, I shall say but little; that little, however, will help to complete the description of a Japanner's dwelling.

1868, William Dalton, Will Adams, the first Englishman in Japan: a romantic biography, page 39:


Jerrold

A male given name from the Germanic languages, a re-spelling of Gerald.


Gerry

A diminutive of the male given names Gerald and Gerard.

A diminutive of the female given name Geraldine.


Jerilyn

A female given name from the Germanic languages, a 20th century variant of Geraldine.