cross

→ Japanese: クロス (kurosu)

From Middle English cross, cros, from Old English cros (“rood, cross”), perhaps from Old Irish cros (compare Welsh croes, Irish crois), perhaps from Latin crux (cruci). In this sense displaced native Middle English rood, from Old English rōd; see rood.
The sense of "two intersecting lines drawn or cut on a surface; two lines intersecting at right angles" without regard to religious signification develops from the late 14th century.
Cognates
*Old Norse kross (“cross”)
*Icelandic kross (“cross”)
*Faroese krossur (“cross”)
*Danish kors (“cross”)
*Swedish kors (“cross”)
*German Kreuz (“cross”)
*Dutch kruis (“cross”)

From the dim landscape roll the clouds away— / The Christians have regained their heritage; / Before the Cross has waned the Crescent's ray, / And many a monastery decks the stage, / And lofty church, and low-brow'd hermitage.

1811, Walter Scott, The Vision of Don Roderick; a Poem, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for John Ballantyne and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, stanza XXVII, page 31:

(Christianity) Alternative form of Cross The Crucifix, the cross on which Christ was crucified.

صَلِيب

definite: the cross on which Christ was crucified


crucifixion

en-noun

crucifixion (countable and uncountable, plural crucifixions)

/ˌkɹuːsɪˈfɪkʃən/

From Middle English crucifixioun, from Late Latin noun of process crucifīxiō, from perfect passive participle crucifīxus (“fixed to a cross”), from crux (“cross”) + fīgō.

kruisiging

An execution by being nailed or tied to an upright cross and left to hang there until dead.

(Christianity, often capitalized) The death of Jesus Christ on the Cross.


crux

→ French: crux

From Latin crux (“cross, wooden frame for execution”), possibly from the Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, to bend”). Doublet of cross and crouch (“cross”).

der

the real crux of the climb was encountered

The final half-mile was the crux of the climb.

1973, Pat Armstrong, "Klondike Fever: Seventy Years Too Late", in Backpacker, Autumn 1973, page 84

Most pitches have a distinct crux, or tough spot; some have multiple cruxes. […] ¶ Climb efficiently on the "cruiser" sections to stay fresh for the cruxes.

2004, Craig Luebben, Rock Climbing: Mastering Basic Skills, The Mountaineers Books, →ISBN, page 179:

Continue climbing the groove; the crux is passing some vegetation on the second pitch.

2009, R. J. Secor, The High Sierra: Peaks, Passes, and Trails, Third Edition, The Mountaineers Books, →ISBN, page 51:

(climbing) The hardest point of a climb.


swastika

en-noun

swastika (countable and uncountable, plural swastikas)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit स्वस्तिक (svastika), from सु- (su-, “good, well”) + अस्ति (asti), a verbal abstract of the root of the verb "to be", स्वस्ति (svasti) thus meaning "well-being" — and the diminutive suffix क (ka); hence "little thing associated with well-being", corresponding roughly to "lucky charm". First attestation in English in 1871, a Sanskritism that replaced the Grecian term gammadion. From 1932 onwards it often referred specifically to the version used by the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (also called the "hooked cross", or German Hakenkreuz).

sauwastika

left-facing; symbolizing the night or the tantric aspects of Kali

This was signed by Dana Da, who added pentacles and pentagrams, and a crux ansata, and half-a-dozen swastikas, and a Triple Tau to his name, just to show that he was all he laid claim to be.

1888, Rudyard Kipling, “The Sending of Dana Da”, in In Black and White, Folio Society, published 2005, pages 423–4:

It is clear from archaeological finds that they enjoyed wearing Christian crosses, though they might enliven these with such symbols as the Indian swastika which Buddhists had brought them.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 270:

(countable) A cross with arms of equal length all bent halfway along at a 90° angle to the right or to the left, used as a religious symbol by various ancient and modern civilizations, but now mainly seen and used in the West (with arms angled to the right) as a symbol of Nazism and fascism.

swastika

a cross with arms of equal length all bent halfway along at a 90° angle


Maltese cross

A flowering plant Lychnis chalcedonica (syn. Silene chalcedonica) of the family Caryophyllaceae

lychnis croix de Malte ou croix de Jérusalem


Cross

* As an English surname, from the noun cross, as in crossroads. Also a calque of this word in various European languages, such as French Lacroix, German Kreutz, Serbo-Croatian Križ. Compare Crouch, Crozier, Kriz.
* As an Irish surname, shortened from McCrossen.
* As a German surname, Americanized from Kross, from Middle Low German krus (“pitcher, vessel”), which is possibly an old Germanic borrowing of Ancient Greek κρωσσός (krōssós, “pitcher, pail, urn”). Also a variant of Kress.

der

(Christianity) The cross on which Jesus died and, in metonymical uses, such as to refer to Christ's suffering in general.


fylfot

Uncertain, but likely from Middle English fillen (“to fill”) (from Old English fyllan) + fot (“foot”) (from Old English fōt), in reference to its use as a design to be placed at the bottom of stained-glass windows.

Morley: A year and a half ago I stumbled into your gingerbread office, a lost, frightened soul in terrified flight across the great yawning terror of doubt—a human being, in short!—and you chanted some hagridden formulas and danged some fylfots...

There was a coffee tray on top of it, and spilt coffee part hid the fylfot design of the tray.

1982, Anthony Burgess, The End of the World News:

A swastika, especially one with the arms bent in an anticlockwise direction.


ankh

From Egyptian anx-Z1 (ꜥnḫ, “life, to live, symbol for life”).


holy cross

From Middle English holy cros, holy crosse, equivalent to holy + cross.

A cross as a Christian symbol of the crucifixion of Christ


True Cross

(Christianity) The cross on which Christ was crucified, particularly considered as a relic.


Celtic cross

(cartomancy) A spread commonly used by tarotists, usually comprising a six-card "circle" or "cross" on the left and a four-card "staff" on the right.


saltire

From Middle English sawtoure, from Old French sautoir (“stile, saltire”) (compare French sautoir (“saltire”)), from sauter (“to jump, to leap”) + -oir (subject forming nouns denoting physical objects from verbs), from Latin saltāre (“to dance, to jump”) + -orium, -oria.

But the World Cup winning veteran's left boot was awry again, the attempt sliced horribly wide of the left upright, and the saltires were waving aloft again a moment later when a long pass in the England midfield was picked off to almost offer up a breakaway try.

2011 October 1, Tom Fordyce, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16 – 12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport, archived from the original on 2016-09-26:

It was early August. In the Borders, there were few signs yet of a campaign that could take Scotland out of the United Kingdom. A large Y-E-S hung in separate letters from a tree on the road from Coldstream to Kelso. There wasn't a N-O to match it, but Kelso town hall flew both the saltire and the union jack.

2014 September 16, Ian Jack, “Is this the end of Britishness?”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 2016-04-18:

Saint Andrew's cross
Saint Andrew's cross

The Saint Andrew's cross, the flag of Scotland.


Latin cross

A cross consisting of a vertical bar intersected by a shorter horizontal one above its midpoint; the form of the Christian cross: ✝


cross of Lorraine

en-noun

cross of Lorraine (plural crosses of Lorraine)

It is an emblem of Lorraine in eastern France. It was originally held to represent Joan of Arc and later used in various patriotic contexts.

A cross consisting of a vertical bar intersected by a shorter horizontal one above its midpoint, and again by another horizontal bar half the length of the first, intersecting the vertical bar midway between the larger horizontal bar and the top of the vertical bar: ⟨☨⟩.


Saint Andrew's cross

Saint Andrew's cross (plural Saint Andrew's crosses)

Saint Andrew's Cross (BDSM)
Saint Andrew's cross

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Saint Andrew's cross.wav

A diagonal cross, the figure of a cross that has a form of two intersecting oblique bars.


Saint Anthony's cross

Saint Anthony's cross (plural Saint Anthony's crosses)


sign of the cross

sign of the cross (plural signs of the cross)

A calque translation of Latin signum crucis.

(Christianity) A gesture of the hand moving over the front of one's body in the shape of a cross made as part of ritual or to invoke divine protection.


Iron Cross

Germans marked booby-trapped areas with black-and-white signs, bearing an Iron Cross symbol or a death's-head.

2013, Gordon L. Rottman, World War II Allied Sabotage Devices and Booby Traps, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 56:

(military) (formerly) the second highest military decoration of Germany, under the military order of the Pour le Mérite, or the cross pattée shape of this decoration.

Star of the Grand Cross to the Iron Cross

Star of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross


fiery cross

A burning cross made of wood, historically used to rally troops.


Greek cross

(heraldry) A cross with orthogonal arms of equal length.


high cross

(Ireland, UK) a large free-standing Celtic cross made of stone and often richly decorated.


Carolingian cross

Carolingian cross (plural Carolingian crosses)

A cross composed of four triquetrae which meet at the crux by their vertices.


preaching cross

preaching cross (plural preaching crosses)

In the churchyard stands a rare 14th-century preaching cross.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 73:

A cross, sometimes surmounting a pulpit, erected outdoors to designate a preaching place.


Holy Cross

From Middle English Holy Crosse, equivalent to holy + cross.

(Christianity) The historical cross on which Christ died.

A church, religious institute, or educational institution dedicated to the cross on which Jesus died.

A barangay of Manay, Davao Oriental, Philippines


crux ansata

Learned borrowing from Latin crux ansāta, from crux (“cross”) + ansātus (“handled; having handles”).

lbor

The well-known T-shaped cross was in use in pagan lands long before Christianity, as a representation of the male member, and also at the same time of the 'tree' on which the god (Attis or Adonis or Krishna or whoever it might be) was crucified; and the same symbol combined with the oval (or yoni) formed the Crux Ansata ☥ of the old Egyptian ritual - a figure which is to-day sold in Cairo as a potent charm, and confessedly indicates the conjunction of the two sexes in one design.

1920, Edward Carpenter, Pagan and Christian Creeds, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., published 1921, page 183:


sun cross

The symbol 🜨 or 🝴, a cross in a circle, frequently found in the symbolism of prehistoric cultures, particularly during the Neolithic to Bronze Age periods.


crux decussata

A diagonal cross, resembling the letter X.


thunder cross

The swastika, especially in Latvian contexts.


plague cross

(historical) A stone structure set up outside the established market areas in time of plague, allowing town and country dwellers to trade with one another while supposedly minimising the risk of contagion.


crux ordinaria

A cross made of a horizontal beam affixed to a vertical post, used for the execution of criminals during the Roman historical period.


cleché

Argent, a cross clechée sable — Sir Thomas BANASTER, K.G., ob. 2° Ric. II. (as depicted upon his stall-plate at Windsor, elsewhere blazoned, Argent, a cross patty pointed sable).
Or, on a mount between two lesser ones vert a lamb sable, holding with the dexter forefoot a banner ermine charged with a cross clechée gules—GROSE, Surrey (1756).

1894, Henry Gough, James Parker, A Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry, page 162:

[…] and of a cross cleché voided and pometté as in the arms of Cawston (Fig. 162).

1904, Arthur Charles Fox-Davies, The Art of Heraldry: An Encyclopaedia of Armory, London: T.C.; & E.C. Jack, page 86:

Cross OF TOULOUSE (cross clechy, voided and botonny)

(10) — patee : cross clechy, i.e. with the ends of the arms pointed, […]

1994, L. A. J. R. Houwen, The Deidis of Armorie: A Heraldic Treatise and Bestiary, page 213:

(heraldry) Having ends which flare out (like a cross patté) before tapering back to a point (urdé).


Ethiopian cross

en-noun

Ethiopian cross (plural Ethiopian crosses)

An elaborate, stylized version of the Christian cross symbol that is unique to Ethiopia and Eritrea.


Scandinavian cross

Scandinavian cross (plural Scandinavian crosses)


Jerusalem cross

Jerusalem cross (plural Jerusalem crosses)

A flowering plant Lychnis chalcedonica (syn. Silene chalcedonica) of the family Caryophyllaceae


papal cross

A cross that serves as an emblem for the office of the pope in ecclesiastical heraldry, consisting of a staff with three horizontal bars near the top, diminishing in length as the top is approached.


Lorraine cross

Lorraine cross (plural Lorraine crosses)

cross of Lorraine
cross of Lorraine#English


tau cross

A cross shaped like the Greek capital letter tau, sometimes with all three ends of the cross expanded.


cross moline

(heraldry) A cross that has four equal-length arms with forked tips, so that it resembles a moline.


moline cross

[…] a moline cross upon a shield, over which shield the words "MOLINE CROSS BRAND" appear, […]

1906, United States. Patent Office, Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office, page 2421:

[…] it is a moline cross […]

2015 February 26, James Stevens Curl, Susan Wilson, The Oxford Dictionary of Architecture, OUP Oxford, →ISBN, page 211: