scream

en-verb

scream (third-person singular simple present screams, present participle screaming, simple past and past participle screamed or (nonstandard) screamt)

screams (present singular third-person)
screaming (participle present)
screamed (participle past)
screamed (past)
screamt (nonstandard participle past)
screamt (nonstandard past)
scream (infinitive)

I heard the owl scream and the crickets cry.

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

When we crossed the river, I heard a terrible cry, and I blessed the child again, the others said it was only the loon, which screamed for bad weather." "Yes, that would have been sufficient, if there was nothing else but the loon," said Gubjor; "when it screams at a new-born babe, that child is bewitched."

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 303:

Well, I waited and I waited / For some word from down below / And then ol' Harley started screaming / "Run, my God, now, Carter, go man go!"

2006, The H. P. Lovecraft Historical Society, “Harley Got Devoured by the Undead”, in An Even Scarier Solstice:

Meanwhile, the authoritarianism, which has turned left-liberalism into a movement for sneaks and prudes, was always going to play into the hands of the right. Free citizens have stopped listening to those who respond to the challenge of argument by screaming for the police to arrest the politically incorrect or for universities to ban speakers who depart from leftish orthodoxy.

2016 October 2, Nick Cohen, “Liberal Guilt Won't Fight Nationalism”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 195, numbers 17 (30 September – 6 October 2016), London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 21, column 3:

One hit high on Farenholt snipped off the radar antenna rather neatly and sent splinters down into the torpedo launcher below, one of which blew out the air flask of a torpedo, which immediately launched itself straight out of the tube, and, rather unhelpfully, since the torpedo launcher was currently positioned pointing forward, wedged itself, motor screaming, in the forefunnel. Luckily, unlike Buchanan's weapon, this one was faulty; the motor ran out, but the automatic destruct function failed to work.

2020 December 9, Drachinifel, 22:54 from the start, in Guadalcanal Campaign - Cape Esperance (IJN 1 : 2 USN), archived from the original on 2022-12-04:

(intransitive, also figuratively) To cry out with a shrill voice; to utter a sudden, shout outcry, or shrill, loud cry, as in fright or extreme pain; to screech, to shriek.

He almost hit a pole, the way he came screaming down the hill.

Things had improved a little bit compared to the Eastern Solomons, and three dozen F4F Wildcats on combat air patrol were vectored onto the oncoming hostiles, but once that initial task was accomplished, things began to collapse back into the cacophony and chaos that was all too familiar to those aboard the Enterprise, meaning that the end result was round about the same, the Japanese aircraft screaming into their attack runs on Hornet about the same time as most of the Wildcats managed to sort themselves out to begin their own attacks on the incoming.

2021 February 3, Drachinifel, 11:05 from the start, in Guadalcanal Campaign - Santa Cruz (IJN 2 : 2 USN), archived from the original on 2022-12-04:

(intransitive, figuratively)
To move quickly; to race.


pansy

From Middle French pensée (“thought”), as the plant resembles someone that is in deep thought, with a lowered head. Doublet of pensée.

The Daughters of the Flood have ſearch'd the Mead / For Violets pale, and cropt the Poppy's Head: / The Short Narciſſus and fair Daffodil, / Pancies to pleaſe the Sight, and Caſſia ſvveet to ſmell: […]

1697, Virgil, “The Second Pastoral. Or, Alexis.”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 6:

Oh, what a perfect thought. Lilies-of-the-valley, and white pansies, double white violets and white velvet ribbon… From an unknown friend. … From one who understands. … For a Little Girl.

1920, Katherine Mansfield [pseudonym; Kathleen Mansfield Murry], “Revelations”, in Bliss and Other Stories, London: Constable & Company, published 1920, →OCLC, page 271:

Viola tricolor
Viola tricolor#Translingual

A cultivated flowering plant, derived by hybridization within species Viola tricolor.


LP

en-noun

LP (countable and uncountable, plural LPs)

(music, countable) Initialism of long-play.


falsetto

falsetto (countable and uncountable, plural falsettos)

Borrowed from Italian falsetto, from falso (“false”).

(singing, uncountable) The "false" (singing) voice in any human, usually airy and lacking a purity of vowels; created by using the next highest vocal folds above those used for speech and normal range singing. It is commonly confused with the head voice register.

(music, countable) A person who sings in falsetto.


raga

raga (countable and uncountable, plural ragas)

Borrowed from Sanskrit राग (rāga, “dye, colour”).

Coordinate term: ragini

‘The song is composed in a raga appropriate to the present hour, which is the evening.’

1924, EM Forster, A Passage to India, Penguin, published 2005, page 72:

(countable, music) Any of various melodic forms used in Indian classical music, or a piece of music composed in such a form.

রাগ

melodic mode used in Indian classical music


major key

(music) A musical key based upon a major scale.

大調

music: a musical key based upon a major scale


related

en-adj

related (comparative more related, superlative most related)

more related (comparative)
most related (superlative)

(not comparable, music) Synonym of relative.


kinetic energy

en-noun

kinetic energy (countable and uncountable, plural kinetic energies)

As on Nos. 20001-3, the motor and generator armature shafts of the new locomotive each carry a heavy flywheel to provide kinetic energy and help maintain the speed of the motor-generator set during interruptions of supply, as at breaks in the continuity of the conductor rail.

1959 March, “The 2,500 h.p. electric locomotives for the Kent Coast electrification”, in Trains Illustrated, page 123:

(physics) The energy possessed by an object because of its motion, equal (nonrelativistically) to one half the mass of the body times the square of its speed.


copper phthalocyanine

(organic chemistry) A synthetic chemical used as a colorant in paints and dyes. First used in 1929. In pure form it is an intense blue. It is chlorinated to produce very intense dark green, and brominated and chlorinated copper phthalocyanines are mixed to produce a yellower emerald green.


pitchblende

pitchblende (countable and uncountable, plural pitchblendes)

From German Pechblende, from Pech (“pitch”) + Blende (“blende”).

Working in Paris in 1898, Marie and Pierre Curie processed thousands of pounds of pitchblende from the same glass-factory tailings in order to isolate two radioactive elements that had hitherto been unknown: radium and polonium.

2004, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, published 2011, page 205:

(mineralogy) Naturally-occurring uranium oxide, a variety of the mineral uraninite.


uranite

uranite (countable and uncountable, plural uranites)

A dark, lustrous, heavy mineral, a source of uranium and radium.


greenish

en-adj

greenish (comparative more greenish, superlative most greenish)

more greenish (comparative)
most greenish (superlative)

From Middle English grenyssh, grenysch, equivalent to green + -ish.


tamarind

en-noun

tamarind (countable and uncountable, plural tamarinds)

From Late Middle English thamarynde, from Old French tamarinde, from Medieval Latin tamarindus, from Arabic تَمْر هِنْدِيّ (tamr hindiyy, literally “Indian date”).

der

تَمْر هِنْدِيّ

tamarind:

A dark brown colour, like that of tamarind pulp (also called tamarind brown).


licorice

en-noun

licorice (usually uncountable, plural licorices)

From Middle English lycorys, from Old French licoresse, from Late Latin liquiritia, alteration of Ancient Greek γλυκύρριζα (glukúrrhiza): γλυκύς (glukús, “sweet”) + ῥίζα (rhíza, “root”) (English glucose, English rhizome). Doublet of glycyrrhiza.

Glycyrrhiza glabra
Glycyrrhiza glabra#Translingual

(countable) A plant of species Glycyrrhiza glabra, or sometimes in North America, the related American licorice plant Glycyrrhiza lepidota.


siren

From Middle English siren, from Old French sereine and Latin Sīrēn, Sīrēna, from Ancient Greek Σειρήν (Seirḗn). The mammalian sense was first attested in French in Dominique Bouhours, Les entretiens d'Ariste et d'Eugène, in 1671. The aquatic salamander sense was originally introduced by Linnaeus in 1766, for a genus of his reptiles. Doublet of serin.

My attention was diverted from this sight by a furious yelling, like that of the thing called a siren in our manufacturing towns.

1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 103:

1984, Steve Harris, "Aces High", Iron Maiden, Powerslave.
There goes the siren that warns of the air raid / Then comes the sound of the guns sending flak / Out for the scramble we've got to get airborne / Got to get up for the coming attack.

A device, either mechanical or electronic, that makes a piercingly loud sound as an alarm or signal, or the sound from such a device (first recorded 1879).

(music) A musical instrument, one of the few aerophones in the percussion section of the symphony orchestra (patented as Acme Siren in 1895).


vibraphone

/ˈvɑɪ.bɹə.ˌfəʊn/

A percussion instrument with a double row of tuned metal bars, each above a tubular resonator containing a motor-driven rotating vane, giving a vibrato effect.


alpha particle

(physics) A doubly positively charged nucleus of a helium-4 atom (consisting of two protons and two neutrons), emitted as a consequence of radioactivity; α-particle


gamma ray

electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation

Very high frequency (and therefore very high energy) electromagnetic radiation emitted as a consequence of radioactivity.

raig gamma

very high frequency electromagnetic radiation


drum

Perhaps back-formation from drumslade (“drummer”), from Middle Dutch trommelslach (“drumbeat”), from trommel (“drum”) + slach (“beat”) (Dutch slag).
Or perhaps borrowed directly from a continental Germanic language; compare Middle Dutch tromme (“drum”), Middle Low German trumme (“drum”) et al. Compare also Middle High German trumme, trumbe (“drum”), Old High German trumba (“trumpet”).

back-form

He's playing the piano and she's playing the drums!

In the Province of Xenſi, near the City Vucung, is a Hill called Taipe, which if a Drum be beaten upon it, preſently followeth Thunder, Lightning, and ſtormy weather, inſomuch that the Magiſtrates have forbidden all perſons upon pain of death to beat any Drum there.

1669, John Nievhoff, “Of ſome THINGS more then NATURAL, and ſtrange POOLS.”, in John Ogilby, transl., An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, →OCLC, page 273:

(music) A percussive musical instrument spanned with a thin covering on at least one end for striking, forming an acoustic chamber; a membranophone.


cyberpunk

en-noun

cyberpunk (countable and uncountable, plural cyberpunks)

From cyber- + -punk, coined by American writer and software developer Bruce Bethke as the title of a 1983 short story, and later popularized by Gardner Dozois.

coin

A more technologically elaborate current of microtonal music can be found at M.I.T and Berklee College of Music, where R. Boulanger works in exotic equal temperaments and non-octave scales (E₆₀ and the 13th root of 3, i.e. the Bohlen-Pierce scale) using the CSOUND acoustic compiler, the Mathews radio drum and various MIDI synthesizers; nearby, E. Mullen performs cyberpunk music in E₁₉ and the 13th root of 3.

2003, Jan Haluska, The Mathematical Theory of Tone Systems, →ISBN, page 109:

At Meredith we stayed up all night listening to doof doof cyberpunk music and I saw you cry for the first time, at four in the morning bottle of ice tea and vodka in hand I saw your real face and something changed.

2014, Gemma White, Furniture is Disappearing, →ISBN, page 41:

Indeed, 'Mindphaser' (and Tactical Neural Implant more generally) represents a high point of cyberpunk in the industrial music scene.

2017, Tristanne Connolly, Tomoyuki Iino, Canadian Music and American Culture: Get Away From Me, →ISBN, page 182:

(music, uncountable) A musical genre related to the punk movement that makes use of electronic sounds such as synthesizers.


snicker

en-verb

snicker (third-person singular simple present snickers, present participle snickering, simple past and past participle snickered)

snickers (present singular third-person)
snickering (participle present)
snickered (participle past)
snickered (past)

US variant of the British snigger, possibly of onomatopoeic origin, similar to Dutch snikken (“to gasp; sob”). The noun is first recorded 1836, from the verb. Compare also Scottish smicker (“to smile or laugh in a sniggering or leery way, smirk”). More at smicker.


arrangement

en-noun

arrangement (countable and uncountable, plural arrangements)

From French arrangement.
Morphologically arrange + -ment

(music) An adaptation of a piece of music for other instruments, or in another style.


gunmetal

gunmetal (countable and uncountable, plural gunmetals)

gunmetal:

Yet even asleep, a Sabre, Jaguar, Harrier, Phantom, Falcon or Eagle holds the eye as a design classic, and that worrisome beauty is still there close up—the cared for, nurtured, spoiled feel, the expensive finish, the quality of the materials, the craftsmanship evident in the flush rivets, the highly polished canopy, the gunmetal sheen of the external instrument sensors, each carefully protected by rubber sheaths with flapping red tags to remind the pilot to take them off before flight.

1999, Ivan Rendall, “Preface”, in Rolling Thunder: Jet Combat from World War II to the Gulf War, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: The Free Press, →ISBN, page ix:

(also attributive) A dark grey or bluish-grey colour; gunmetal grey.


flyer

→ Finnish: flaijeri

→ French: flyer

→ German: Flyer

→ Korean: 플라이어 (peullaieo)

→ Portuguese: flyer

From fly + -er (agent noun suffix).
With regard to the sense "female kangaroo": because of the high speed at which they move.

طَيَّار

someone who pilots or rides in an airplane


hiss

en-verb

hiss (third-person singular simple present hisses, present participle hissing, simple past and past participle hissed)

hisses (present singular third-person)
hissing (participle present)
hissed (participle past)
hissed (past)

From Middle English hissen, probably of onomatopoeic origin. Compare Middle Dutch hissen, hisschen (“to chase away, shoo”), Middle Low German hissen (“to chase, hound, incite”).

cog

"Are you quite sure of it," she hissed into his ear, "Mr Fang, Junior?"

1881, Elim Henry D'Avigdor, Across Country, Bradbury, Agnew:

"Oh please," she said, "don't let him see us!" I wouldn't let her push me away. "Stop!" she hissed. "He'll see us!"

1968, James A. Emanuel, Theodore L. Gross, Dark symphony, →ISBN:

(transitive) To whisper, especially angrily or urgently.


tune

en-verb

tune (third-person singular simple present tunes, present participle tuning, simple past and past participle tuned)

tunes (present singular third-person)
tuning (participle present)
tuned (participle past)
tuned (past)

From Middle English tune, an unexplained variant of tone, from Old French ton, from Latin tonus, from Ancient Greek τόνος (tónos, “a tone”). Doublet of tone, ton, and tonus.

[…] Those who are highly skilled in manipulating the Vocaloid technology—e.g., tuning Miku's singing voices—arrange existing[…]

2017 August 10, Keisuke Yamada, Supercell's Supercell featuring Hatsune Miku, Bloomsbury Publishing USA, →ISBN:

LOLA's voice is used simply to render basic notes and words with no pitch or expression tuning applied.

2018 December 6, Nina Sun Eidsheim, The Race of Sound: Listening, Timbre, and Vocality in African American Music, Duke University Press, →ISBN:

This compiling of a track holds many parallels with “tuning” a Miku track, […]

2020, Janice L. Waldron, Stephanie Horsley, Kari K. Veblen, The Oxford Handbook of Social Media and Music Learning, Oxford University Press, USA, →ISBN, page 522:

(fandom slang) to adjust the parameters of singing voice synthesis software such as VOCALOID (in order to achieve certain singing techniques, increase the human quality of the voice, etc.)


tritium

en-noun

tritium (countable and uncountable, plural tritiums)

From trito- + -ium. From Ancient Greek τρίτος (trítos, “third”).

(physics) A radioactive isotope of the element hydrogen (symbol T, ³H or ³₁H) having one proton and two neutrons.


radioactivity

radioactivity (usually uncountable, plural radioactivities)

Spontaneous emission of ionizing radiation as a consequence of a nuclear reaction, or directly from the breakdown of an unstable nucleus.

The radiation so emitted; including gamma rays, alpha particles, neutrons, electrons, positrons, etc.


version

version (countable and uncountable, plural versions)

From Middle French version, from Medieval Latin versiō, from Latin vertō (“I turn”). Used in English since 16th century.

Out of sound system culture came the instrumental “version” (ubiquitous in late 1960s Jamaica)[…]

2014, Richard James Burgess, The History of Music Production, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 168:

(music) An instrumental in sound system culture.


relationship

/ɹɪˈleɪ.ʃənˌʃɪp/

[ɹɪˈleɪ.ʃn̩ˌʃɪp]

(music) The level or degree of affinity between keys, chords and tones.


vibe

en-verb

vibe (third-person singular simple present vibes, present participle vibing, simple past and past participle vibed)

vibes (present singular third-person)
vibing (participle present)
vibed (participle past)
vibed (past)

Apocopic form of vibration, vibrator, etc.

(transitive, colloquial, jazz) To treat (a fellow performer) in a condescending or insulting manner, typically during a performance or jam session, to signal to them that they are unsatisfactory.


half-life

semivida

chemistry: time required for concentration to fall to half

(physics) The time required for half the nuclei in a sample of an isotope to undergo radioactive decay.


soot

en-noun

soot (usually uncountable, plural soots)

From Middle English soot, soote, sote, sot, from Old English sōt, from Proto-Germanic *sōtą (“soot”), from Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”). Cognate with dated Dutch zoet (“soot”), German Low German Soot (“soot”), Danish sod (“soot”), Swedish sot (“soot”), Icelandic sót (“soot”). Compare similar ō-grade formation the same Proto-Indo-European root in Old Irish suide (“soot”) and Balto-Slavic: Lithuanian súodžiai (“soot”), and Proto-Slavic *saďa (“soot”) (Russian са́жа (sáža), Polish and Slovak sadza, Bulgarian са́жда (sážda)).

Fine black or dull brown particles of amorphous carbon and tar, produced by the incomplete combustion of coal, oil etc.


minor key

(music) A musical key based upon a minor scale.

小調

music: a musical key based upon a minor scale


solo

Borrowed from Italian solo, from Latin sōlus, probably related to se (“himself”).

(music) A piece of music for one performer.


solo

(music) Of, or relating to, a musical solo.


solo

en-verb

solo (third-person singular simple present solos or soloes, present participle soloing, simple past and past participle soloed)

solos (present singular third-person)
soloes (present singular third-person)
soloing (participle present)
soloed (participle past)
soloed (past)

→ Portuguese: solar


unstable

en-adj

unstable (comparative more unstable, superlative most unstable)

more unstable (comparative)
most unstable (superlative)

From Middle English unstable; equivalent to un- + stable.

tottering

not held or fixed securely and likely to fall over

emotionally unstable personality disorder

(physics) Radioactive, especially with a short half-life.


golden

golden (comparative more golden or goldener, superlative most golden or goldenest)

more golden (comparative)
goldener (comparative)
most golden (superlative)
goldenest (superlative)

From Middle English golden, a restored form (due to the noun gold) of earlier Middle English gulden, gylden, gilden ("golden"; > English gilden), from Old English gylden (“golden”), from Proto-West Germanic *gulþīn, from Proto-Germanic *gulþīnaz (“golden, made of gold”), equivalent to gold + -en.
Cognate with Dutch gouden, gulden (“golden”), German gülden, golden (“golden”), Danish gylden (“golden”). Doublet of gilden. More at gold.

gloss

"golden"; > English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">gilden</i>

der

[ˈɡɒʊ̯ɫ.dn̩]

kill the goose that lays the golden eggs

She wore a golden crown.

And now the concern which Partridge felt at being obliged to quit the warm chimney-corner, and a cup of excellent liquor, was somewhat compensated by hearing that he was to proceed no farther on foot, for Jones, by golden arguments, had prevailed with the boy to attend him back to the inn whither he had before conducted Sophia […]

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:

Under a golden sun.

golden:

Having a color or other richness suggestive of gold.

goue

having a color or other richness suggestive of gold

After retiring, Bob and Judy moved to Arizona to live out their golden years.

Many anti-fog variety goggles are available, but if you don't get that type, just rub a little spit on the lenses before you put them on in the water and you'll be golden.

2007, Colin Barr, Steve Katai, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Triathlon Training, Penguin, →ISBN, page 28:

Therefore, the task ahead is easy. When the spotlight is on you, never let the audience down and you'll be golden.

2009, Mark Wiskup, Presentation S.O.S.: From Perspiration to Persuasion in 9 Easy Steps, Hachette UK, →ISBN:

If all of the marks line up perfectly, then you're golden, and you can continue on with finishing up the installation.

2011, Wayne R. Dempsey, 101 Projects for Your Porsche Boxster, Motorbooks, →ISBN, page 68:

(UK, slang, predicative) Fine, without problems.


golden

[ˈɡɒʊ̯ɫ.dn̩]

The archives of the Golden Retriever Club of America (GRCA) record goldens in the United States as early as the 1890s.

1995, Jaime J. Sucher, Golden Retrievers, Barron’s, →ISBN, page 76:

Golden retrievers, or goldens, make great family pets.[…]Goldens should be brushed regularly.

2017, Linda Bozzo, I Like Golden Retrievers! (Discover Dogs with the American Canine Association), Enslow Publishing, pages 4 and 15:

Throw a toy into the water, and watch your golden go for it!

2019, Sarah Frank, Golden Retrievers, Lerner Publishing Group, page 6:

People like petting goldens.

2021, Marcie Aboff, Fast Facts About Golden Retrievers (Fast Facts About Dogs), Raintree, Capstone Global Library Limited, →ISBN, page 13:

golden retriever
golden retriever#English


golden

en-verb

golden (third-person singular simple present goldens, present participle goldening, simple past and past participle goldened)

goldens (present singular third-person)
goldening (participle present)
goldened (participle past)
goldened (past)

From gold + -en, or perhaps a derivation from the adjective above.

[ˈɡɒʊ̯ɫ.dn̩]

(intransitive) To become gold or golden (in color).


radioactive

en-adj

radioactive (comparative more radioactive, superlative most radioactive)

more radioactive (comparative)
most radioactive (superlative)

Coined by Pierre Curie and Marie Curie in 1898 as French radio-actif, equivalent to English radio- + active.

As a matter of fact many of our best drinking waters have all sorts of unspecified qualities. Burton water, for example, is radioactive by Beetham's standards up to the ninth degree.

1917, H. G. Wells, “The First Vision”, in The Soul of a Bishop:


minor scale

(music) Any diatonic scale whose first, third, and fifth scale degrees form a minor triad.


actinic

From Ancient Greek ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖν- (aktís, aktîn-, “ray”) + -ic.

uder

ἀκτίς, ἀκτῖν-

Related to radiation; used most often in reference to light, especially in the ultraviolet range.

He bounded over cresting waves that shone in the actinic glare.

In medicine, actinic keratoses usually occur in sundamaged skin and exhibit hyperkeratosis.

(medicine) Caused by extensive exposure to ultraviolet light.

It should be borne in mind that the actinic power of the sun is subject to considerable variations, due to its elevation above the horizon.

1883, Abraham Cowley Malley, Micro-photography: Including a Description of the Wet Collodion and Gelatino-Bromide Processes, page 32:

I got my picture, and it turned out quite a good one, despite the rather poor light which at that time of day, 7 p.m., was lacking in actinic value.

1943 May and June, Chas. S. Lake, “Some Continental Travel Experiences (1922-1939)—III”, in Railway Magazine, page 141:

(chemistry, photography) Of or relating to actinism, the range of photochemical effects produced by exposure to EM radiation, particularly sunlight.


antiphon

From French antiphone or Medieval Latin antiphōna, from Ancient Greek ἀντίφωνα (antíphōna, “responses, musical accords”), neuter plural substantive of ἀντίφωνος (antíphōnos, “concordant”) from ἀντί (antí, “in return”) + φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”). Doublet of anthem.

der

Father Vaillant came back in his vestments, with his pyx and basin of holy water, and began sprinkling the bed and the watchers, repeating the antiphon, Asperges me, Domine, hyssopo, et mundabor.

1927, Willa Cather, Death Comes for the Archbishop, Book V, section 2, page 171-172:

A devotional chant; a piece of music sung responsively.


bunker

→ Catalan: búnquer

desctree

→ German: Bunker
→ Polish: bunkier
→ Romanian: buncăr

The origin of the noun is uncertain; the earliest sense is sense 6.1 (“box or chest, the lid of which serves as a seat”), from Scots bunker (“bench; pew; window-seat; sand pit (especially in golf); coal receptacle; sleeping berth, bunk”), from Early Scots bunker, bunkur, bonker (“a chest or box, often serving as a seat”), probably from Old Norse bunki (“a heap”) (probably whence bunk (“sleeping berth in a ship, train, etc.”)), from Proto-Germanic *bunkô (“a heap, pile; a bump, lump, a crowd”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰenǵʰ- (“thick”) or *bʰeg- (“to billow, swell; to arch, bend, curve (?)”). Compare Middle Low German bunge (“drum, container”), Middle High German bunge (“drum”). Sense 1 (“hardened shelter designed to protect the inhabitants from falling bombs or other attacks”) was derived from German Bunker during World War II, which was itself from bunker (“large bin or container for storing coal”) (sense 5).
The verb is derived from the noun.

cog

(nautical) A compartment for storing coal for the ship's boilers; or a tank for storing fuel oil for the ship's engines.

bunker

container for storing coal or fuel oil for a ship’s engine

Among tank engines, the 0-6-2 wheel arrangement was by far the most numerous, there being nearly 450 of this arrangement, which offers the advantage of good power and adhesive weight, coupled with adequate tank and bunker capacity, within a limited compass.

1939 September, D. S. Barrie, “The Railways of South Wales”, in The Railway Magazine, Westminster, London: IPC Transport Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 161:

The bunkers of these engines hold enough coal for one round journey of 120½ miles, and water is taken in each direction at Hexham.

1941 December, “Notes and News: A Tank Engine's 241-mile Day”, in Railway Magazine, page 569:

(rail transport) The coal compartment on a tank engine.


bunker

en-verb

bunker (third-person singular simple present bunkers, present participle bunkering, simple past and past participle bunkered)

bunkers (present singular third-person)
bunkering (participle present)
bunkered (participle past)
bunkered (past)

попадам в пясъчника

to hit (a golf ball) into a bunker; to place (a golfer) in the position of having a golf ball in a bunker

(transitive) To load (a vessel) with coal or fuel oil for the engine.

товаря въглища

to load (a vessel) with coal or fuel oil for the engine

(intransitive, of a vessel) To take a load of coal or fuel oil for its engine.


mazurka

Via German Mazurka and Russian мазу́рка (mazúrka), from Polish mazurek (“dance of the Masurian”), the Masurians being the inhabitants of Mazowsze (compare Medieval Latin Mazovia), an ancient cultural region in east-central Poland.

der

(music) A Polish folk dance in triple time, usually moderately fast, containing a heavy accent on the third beat and occasionally the second beat.

(music) A classical musical composition inspired by the folk dance and conforming in some respects to its form, particularly as popularized by Chopin.


enthalpy

en-noun

enthalpy (countable and uncountable, plural enthalpies)

From Ancient Greek ἐν- (en-, “in”) + θάλπω (thálpō, “to warm”). Coined by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, but first used in print by J. P. Dalton in 1909 in a paper titled "Researches on the Joule-Kelvin-effect, especially at low temperatures".

coin

H=U+pV, where H is enthalpy, U is internal energy, p is pressure, and V is volume.

(thermodynamics, physical chemistry) A measure of the heat content of a chemical or physical system.


ukulele

→ Czech: ukulele

→ German: Ukulele

desc

→ Portuguese: uquelele, (unadapted form) ukelele, uculele, (unadapted form) ukulele

Borrowed from Hawaiian ʻukulele, from ʻuku (“flea”) + lele (“jump, jumping”).


monody

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-monody.wav

From Latin monodia, from Ancient Greek μονῳδία (monōidía).

All directions in life were blocked to him. He could not think, he could not sleep, his heart thudded to a deadening monody of fear. Fear that is itself the penalty of all things feared.

1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 203:

(music) A composition having a single melodic line.


cauterize

en-verb

cauterize (third-person singular simple present cauterizes, present participle cauterizing, simple past and past participle cauterized)

cauterizes (present singular third-person)
cauterizing (participle present)
cauterized (participle past)
cauterized (past)

/ˈkɔːtəɹaɪz/

[ˈkʰɔɾəɹaɪz]

[ˈkʰɑɾəɹaɪz]

From Middle French cauteriser, from Late Latin cauterizō (“to burn with a hot iron”), from Ancient Greek καυτηριάζω (kautēriázō, “to brand”), from καυτήρ (kautḗr, “branding iron”), from καίω (kaíō, “to burn”).

der

[…] Lanfrank takes Notice of Tract. 3. Doct. 3. cap. 18. ſaying, "I have ſeen many who being full of Humours, have made an Iſſue under the Knee, before due Purgation had been premis'd; whence, by reaſon of the too great Defluxion of Humours, the Legs tumified, ſo that the cauterized Place corrupted, and a Cancer (or rather cacoethic Ulcer) was thereby made, with which great Difficulty was cur'd."

1732, George Smith, Institutiones Chirurgicæ: or, Principles of Surgery, … To which is Annexed, a Chirurgical Dispensatory, …, London: Printed [by William Bowyer] for Henry Lintot, at the Cross-Keys against St. Dunstan's Church in Fleetstreet, →OCLC, page 254:

To burn and hence seal open tissue using a heated article or caustic agent so as to stop bleeding or minimise the risk of infection.


melisma

en-noun

melisma (countable and uncountable, plural melismas or melismata)

From Ancient Greek μέλισμα (mélisma, “song”), from μελίζω (melízō, “(I) sing, modulate; (I) celebrate in song”), from μέλος (mélos, “song, tune, melody; limb, part; member”).

A choir sang one of the Lamentations of Jeremiah. The mournful melisma accompanied the slow procession to the palace built by Herod the Great, at present untenanted.

1985, Anthony Burgess, Kingdom of the Wicked:

At the top of the hill in the archway of the main house, an eyeless old man sat on a bucket, scratching at a two-stringed gourd, warbling weird melismas on a madman's text.

2007, Michael Chabon, Gentlemen of the Road, Sceptre, published 2008, page 38:

(music, countable) A passage of several notes sung to one syllable of text.

melisma

a passage of several notes sung to one syllable of text

A subsequent generation of singers, including Ms. Aguilera, Jennifer Hudson and Beyoncé, built their careers around melisma.

2010 December 24, David Browne, “Trilling Songbirds Clip Their Wings”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(music, uncountable) The use of such passages.


kazoo

(music) A simple musical instrument (a membranophone) consisting of a pipe with a hole in it, producing a buzzing sound when the player hums into it.

mirlitoi

a simple musical instrument consisting of a pipe with a hole in it


paprika

paprika (countable and uncountable, plural paprikas)

Borrowed from Hungarian paprika, from Serbo-Croatian pàprika, from pȁpar, from Proto-Slavic *pьpьrь, from Latin piper, from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi, “pepper”), from Indo-Aryan; compare Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”). Akin to paprikash.

cog

California is taking the lead, producing a paprika that is more standardized and more uniformly available than the European growers offer.

1995, Jean Andrews, Peppers: The Domesticated Capsicums, →ISBN, page 73:

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

(uncountable) Powdered spice made from dried and ground fruits of sweet pepper (bell pepper) or chili pepper (cultivars of Capsicum annuum), or mixtures of these (used especially in Hungarian cooking).

strings of red paprikas hang outside to dry in the autumn

2003, Jonathan Bousfield, Rough Guide to Croatia, →ISBN, page 123:

(countable, rare, commonly called "dried [bell/chilli] peppers" or "dried capsicums") A dried but not yet ground fruit of sweet pepper (bell pepper) or chili pepper sold for use as a spice.


paprika

en-adj

paprika (comparative more paprika, superlative most paprika)

more paprika (comparative)
most paprika (superlative)

Of a bright reddish orange colour, like that of the dried paprika.


spiel

en-noun

spiel (countable and uncountable, plural spiels)

Borrowed from German Spiel (“game, performance”) and/or Yiddish שפּיל (shpil), both from Middle High German spil, from Old High German spil, from Proto-West Germanic *spil.
Cognate with Old English spilian (“to revel, play”). See speel.

bor+

Watt gets his turn on the mic too, delivering an amusingly disjointed rap (following Minutemen tradition, he calls it a spiel) on "Me & You, Remembering."

1991, Ira A. Robbins, The Trouser Press Record Guide, Howell Book House, →ISBN:

A typical Last Poets song consisted of a "spiel," an early form of rap where song verses were spoken over conga drum percussions or jazz music.

2007, Jocelyne Cesari, Encyclopedia of Islam in the United States, Greenwood Pub Group, →ISBN:

Drawing on the smooth and steady rap style of disco DJs, the proto-rap spiel of the Last Poets and Gil Scott-Heron, various other American and African American oral traditions (including, as mentioned above, radio disc jockey practice) […]

2007, Mickey Hess, Icons of Hip Hop: An Encyclopedia of the Movement, Music, and Culture, ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 17:


calypso

en-noun

calypso (countable and uncountable, plural calypsos or calypsoes)

Originally Trinidad English, an alteration of kaiso, perhaps ultimately of African origin; Allsopp 1996 suggests Ibibio ka iso (“come on”), used to urge dancers on. The spelling reflects a later folk-etymological assimilation with the mythological name Calypso.

'How you does live, Mr. Wordsworth?' I asked him one day.
He said, 'You mean how I get money?'
When I nodded, he laughed in a crooked way.
He said, 'I sing calypsoes in the calypso season.'
'And that last you the rest of the year?'
'It is enough.'

1959, V. S. Naipaul, “B. Wordsworth”, in Miguel Street

A style of Caribbean music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago during the early to the mid-19th century and spread to the rest of the Caribbean Antilles and Venezuela by the mid-20th century. Its rhythms can be traced back to West African Kaiso and the arrival of French planters and their slaves from the French Antilles in the 18th century.


symphony

symphony (countable and uncountable, plural symphonies)

→ Burmese: ဆင်ဖိုနီ (hcanghpuini)

→ Japanese: シンフォニー (shinfonī)

→ Khmer: ស៊ីមហ្វូនី (siimfounii)

→ Malay: simfoni

→ Punjabi: ਸਿੰਫਨੀ (simphani)

→ Thai: ซิมโฟนี (sim-foo-nîi)

→ Welsh: symffoni

From Middle English symphonye, from Old French simphonie, from Latin symphonia, from Ancient Greek συμφωνία (sumphōnía). By surface analysis, sym- + -phony. Doublet of sinfonia, symphonia, tsampouna, and zampogna.

doublet

(music) An instrumental introduction or termination to a vocal composition.


bossa nova

en-noun

bossa nova (countable and uncountable, plural bossa novas)

/ˈbɒsə ˈnəʊvə/

From colloquial Brazilian Portuguese bossa (“inclination, propensity, trend”, literally “protuberance”) + nova (“new”).

bor

A genre of music originating from Brazil, similar to a fusion of jazz and samba music, no longer closely associated with the Brazilian dance.


cutting

en-noun

cutting (countable and uncountable, plural cuttings)

(uncountable, cinematography, sound engineering) The editing of film or other recordings.


maraca

From Portuguese, derived from Old Tupi maráka or Guaraní mbaraka.

(music) A Latin American percussion instrument consisting of a hollow-gourd rattle containing pebbles or beans and often played in pairs, as a rhythm instrument.


rhapsody

The noun is derived from Latin rhapsōdia (“part of an epic poem suitable for uninterrupted recitation”), from Koine Greek ῥαψῳδία (rhapsōidía, “part of an epic poem suitable for uninterrupted recitation; rigmarole”), Ancient Greek ῥαψῳδία (rhapsōidía, “composition or recitation of Epic poetry”), from ῥαψῳδός (rhapsōidós, “composer or performer of Epic poetry”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Ῥαψῳδός (Rhapsōidós) is derived from ῥᾰ́πτω (rháptō, “to sew”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to bend; to turn”)) + ᾠδή (ōidḗ, “ode; song”) (ultimately from Proto-Hellenic *awoidā́ (“song”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming o-grade action nouns).
Sense 2.2 (“instrumental composition of irregular form”) probably developed from sense 2.1 (“exaggeratedly enthusiastic or exalted expression of feeling in speech or writing”), and both of these senses may have been influenced by rapture (“extreme excitement, happiness, or pleasure”), the latter being a quality associated with the senses. Sense 2.3 (“literary composition consisting of miscellaneous works”) is borrowed from Middle French rhapsodie (modern French rhapsodie), from Latin rhapsōdia: see above.
The verb is derived from the noun.
cognates
* French rhapsodie (“instrumental composition of irregular form”)
* German Rhapsodie (“instrumental composition of irregular form”)

cog

(music) An instrumental composition of irregular form, often incorporating improvisation.


voluntary

From Middle English *voluntarie, from Old French volontaire, from Latin voluntārius (“willing, of free will”), from voluntās (“will, choice, desire”), from volēns, present participle of volo (“to will”). Displaced native Old English selfwille (literally “self-willed”).

ncog

(music) A short piece of music, often having improvisation, played on a solo instrument.


polka

Via French and German from Czech polka, variant of půlka (“half”) as in "half-step"; see půl (“half”).


biscuit

en-noun

biscuit (countable and uncountable, plural biscuits)

Tok Pisin: bisket

→ Bengali: বিস্কুট (biskuṭ)

→ Burmese: ဘီစကွတ် (bhica.kwat)

→ Cebuano: biskuwít, biskwit

→ Fiji Hindi: biskut

→ Gujarati: બિસ્કિટ (biskiṭ)

→ Hausa: bìskît

desc

ביסקוויט//בִּיסְקְוִיט

→ Hebrew: ביסקוויט／בִּיסְקְוִיט (bískvit)

→ Hiligaynon: biskwit

desctree

→ Hindi: बिस्कुट (biskuṭ)
→ Jarawa: biskuʈ (“biscuit”)

→ Indonesian: beskit, biskit

→ Japanese: ビスケット (bisuketto)

→ Korean: 비스켓 (biseuket)

→ Malay: biskut

→ Marshallese: petkōj

→ Punjabi: ਬਿਸਕੁਟ (biskuṭ)

→⇒ Scottish Gaelic: briosgaid

→ Spanish: bísquet, bísquete

→ Swahili: biskuti

→ Sylheti: ꠛꠤꠍꠇꠥꠐ (bisókuṭ)

→ Tagalog: biskuwit

→ Thai: บิสกิต (bís-gìt)

→ Urdu: بسکٹ (biskiṭ)
→ Ushojo: بسکٹ (biskiṭ)

→ Yoruba: bisikíìtì

→ Zulu: bhisikidi

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From earlier bisket, from Middle English bisquyte, from Old French bescuit (French biscuit); doublet of biscotto.

biscuit:


asparagus

en-noun

asparagus (plural asparagus or asparaguses or asparagusses or asparagi)

asparagus (plural)
asparaguses (plural)
asparagusses (plural)
asparagi (plural)

/əˈspæɹ.ə.ɡəs/

/əˈspæɹ.ə.ɡəs/

/əˈspɛɹ.ə.ɡəs/

Borrowed from Medieval Latin asparagus, sparagus, from Ancient Greek ἀσπάραγος (aspáragos), variant of ἀσφάραγος (aspháragos). Displaced Old English eorþnafola.

Any of various perennial plants of the genus Asparagus having leaflike stems, scalelike leaves, and small flowers.


orchestra

orchestra (plural orchestras or (rare) orchestrae)

orchestras (plural)
orchestrae (plural rare)

→ Albanian: orkestër

→ Arabic: أوركسترا (ʔorkestrā)

→ Japanese: オーケストラ (ōkesutora)

→ Korean: 오케스트라 (okeseuteura)

→ Thai: ออร์เคสตรา (ɔɔ-kées-dtrâa)

Borrowed from Latin orchēstra, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek ὀρχήστρα (orkhḗstra) (a derivative of ὀρχέομαι (orkhéomai, “to dance”)).

The orchestra plays music for the dancers to dance to in the 19th century-styled dance hall.

It requires quite an orchestra to get a train to start; the guard blows his horn, the stationmaster rings a large bell, and the engine whistles.

1941 February, Voyageur, “The Railways of Greece”, in Railway Magazine, page 67:

Musicians play their instruments. I play the orchestra.

2015, Aaron Sorkin, Walter Isaacson, Steve Jobs, spoken by Steve Jobs (Michael Fassbender):

(music) A large group of musicians who play together on various instruments, usually including some from strings, woodwind, brass and/or percussion; the instruments played by such a group.


ahata

(India) The musical sounds in nature and in Indian music, especially percussion


signature

/ˈsɪɡnət͡ʃə(ɹ)/

/ˈsɪɡnɪt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

/ˈsɪɡnət͡ʃɚ/

/ˈsɪɡnɪt͡ʃɚ/

/ˈsɪɡnɪt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

Borrowed from Middle French signature, or from Medieval Latin signātūra, future active periphrastic of verb signāre (“to sign”) from signum (“sign”), + -tūra, feminine of -tūrus, future active periphrastic suffix. Displaced native Old English handseten (literally “hand setting”).

nc

(music) Signs on the stave indicating key and tempo, composed of the key signature and the time signature.


woof

The interjection and noun are onomatopoeic. Interjection sense 2 (“used to express strong physical attraction for someone”) probably alludes to the eager barking of a dog.
The verb is probably derived from the interjection and the noun. Verb sense 1.2 (“to eat (food) voraciously”) may be influenced by or, alternatively, derived from wolf (“to eat (food) voraciously, devour, gobble”).

He looked up and out a moment as there came to his ear, dully but unmistakably above the roar of the engine, the hoarse "woof" of a bursting anti-aircraft shell.

1918, Boyd Cable [pseudonym], “Bring Home the ’Bus”, in Air Men o’ War, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 14:

Calls [of the mantled howler monkey] include woofs, grunts, barks, and howls. […] A series of loud, low barks or woofs precede the long roar.

1997, Fiona A. Reid, “Monkeys (Order Primates)”, in A Field Guide to the Mammals of Central America & Southeast Mexico, New York, N.Y.; Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 179, column 1:

(by extension) A sound resembling a dog's bark; specifically (sound engineering), a low-frequency sound of bad quality produced by a loudspeaker.

haukunta

sound resembling a dog’s bark; low-frequency sound of bad quality produced by a loudspeaker


woof

en-verb

woof (third-person singular simple present woofs, present participle woofing, simple past and past participle woofed)

woofs (present singular third-person)
woofing (participle present)
woofed (participle past)
woofed (past)

[N]othing makes me feel better than to see my dog's woofing down their food.

2007 June 5, Patricia O’Grady, “Feeding a Homemade Diet”, in Woofing It Down: The Quick & Easy Guide to Making Healthy Dog Food at Home, Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 23:

The dog doesn't bark, it just stares at Tom. Tom pulls out the steaks. […] Tom throws them over and the dog woofs them down.

2020, Ian Horan, “The Return of Tom Fuller”, in Psychotic Episodes: Another Collection of Crazy Stories, [Morrisville, N.C.: Lulu.com], →ISBN, page 64:

(originally British, Royal Air Force slang, informal) To eat (food) voraciously; to devour, to gobble, to wolf.


actinism

en-noun

actinism (usually uncountable, plural actinisms)

(chemistry, physics) That property of electromagnetic radiation that leads to the production of photochemical effects

aktinisme

the property of electromagnetic radiation that leads to the production of photochemical effects


forces

(rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) -oːɹsɪz

(non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) -oəsɪz

(music, chiefly plural) The orchestral instrumentation (and voices) used in a musical production.


polyethylene

polyethylene (countable and uncountable, plural polyethylenes)

The most abundant chemical in the plastics is polyethylene, which is used for single-use packaging, plastic bags and containers such as bottles.

2023 June 5, Yvonne Gordon, “Microplastics found in every sample of water taken during Ocean Race”, in The Guardian:

(organic chemistry) A polymer consisting of many ethylene monomers bonded together; used for kitchenware, containers etc.


breaking

breaking (countable and uncountable, plural breakings)

(music) A form of ornamentation in which groups of short notes are used instead of long ones.


slurp

en-verb

slurp (third-person singular simple present slurps, present participle slurping, simple past and past participle slurped)

slurps (present singular third-person)
slurping (participle present)
slurped (participle past)
slurped (past)

From Middle Dutch slurpen, slorpen (“to sip, slurp”), from Old Dutch *slurpan, from Proto-West Germanic *slurp- (“to sip, slurp”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *srebʰ-, *srobʰ- (“to sip, slurp, gulp”). Cognate with West Frisian sloarpe, sloarpje, slurvje (“to slurp”), German schlürfen (“to sip, slurp”), Swedish slurpa (“to slurp”), Norwegian slurpe (“to slurp”). Compare also Saterland Frisian slubberje (“to slurp”), German Low German slubbern (“to slurp”), Middle High German sluppern (“to slurp”), Swedish, Norwegian, and Icelandic slupra (“to slurp”), Middle High German sürfeln, sürpfeln (“to sip, slurp”), Latin sorbeō (“to suck up, imbibe, absorb”). Often treated as onomatopoeic in modern writing.

ncog

The mud slurped under our shoes.

(intransitive) To make a loud sucking noise.


slurp

A loud sucking noise, especially one made in eating or drinking.

I took another slurp of my soup.


banda

en-noun

banda (countable and uncountable, plural bandas)

Borrowed from Spanish banda. Doublet of band.

With very little fanfare, WZAA had become the first FM station in New York offering a format known as Mexican Regiona, which includes genres like ranchera, banda and norteña music.

2007 January 13, Seth Kugel, “The Sounds of Mexico Hit New York Airwaves”, in New York Times:

(uncountable) A style of Mexican brass band music, emerged in the 19th century.


croon

en-verb

croon (third-person singular simple present croons, present participle crooning, simple past and past participle crooned)

croons (present singular third-person)
crooning (participle present)
crooned (participle past)
crooned (past)
croon (infinitive)

A person crooning (sense 2.1).
The verb is borrowed from Scots croon (“to utter a deep, long-drawn-out sound; to utter a lament, mourn; to sing in a wailing voice, whimper, whine; to mutter or sing in an undertone, hum”) [and other forms], from Middle English cronen (“to sing or speak softly, hum, croon”) (croyn (Scotland)) [and other forms], probably from Middle Dutch crônen, krônen (“to groan, moan; to lament”) (modern Dutch kreunen (“to moan”)), or Old High German chrônan, krônen (“to babble, prattle; to chatter”), probably from Proto-Germanic *kraunijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gerH- (“to cry hoarsely”).
The noun is partly:
* borrowed from Scots croon (“a lament, wail; mournful song; low murmuring tune; (obsolete) long-drawn-out sound”), from croon (verb): see above; and
* derived from the verb.
cognates
* Middle Dutch krônen (modern Dutch kreunen (“to groan, moan; to lament”))
* Middle Low German kroenen (“to babble, prattle; to chatter”), kronen (“to growl; to grumble; to scold”)
* Old High German chrônan, chrônnan (“to babble, prattle; to chatter”)
* Saterland Frisian krȫnen (“to cause to weep”)

listen/core

A person crooning (sense 􂀽2.1).

ombox/core

A person crooning (sense 􂀽2.1).

ombox

A person crooning (sense 􂀽2.1).

mbox

A person crooning (sense 􂀽2.1).

nb...

creen, crone, cruin, crun, crune, krin, krun, krune, kryn

напявам

(transitive, intransitive) to hum or sing (a song or tune) softly in a low pitch or in a sentimental manner; to sing (a popular song) in a low, mellow voice

broukat

(transitive, intransitive) to speak (words) softly in a low pitch or in a sentimental manner — see also coo

[I]n his ill-remembered prayer, and in the fragment of the childish hymn with which he sung and crooned himself asleep, there breathed as true a spirit as ever studied homily expressed, or old cathedral arches echoed.

1841 February–November, Charles Dickens, “Barnaby Rudge. Chapter 73.”, in Master Humphrey’s Clock, volume III, London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC, page 364:

To soothe (a person or an animal) by singing softly.

hyräillä

to soothe (a person or an animal) by singing softly

(Northern England, Scotland) To lament, to moan.

Coordinate term: bawl

Novv Clinkumbell, vvi' rattlin tovv, / Begins to jovv an' croon; […]

1786, Robert Burns, “The Holy Fair”, in Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect. […], 2nd edition, volume I, Edinburgh: […] T[homas] Cadell, […], and William Creech, […], published 1793, →OCLC, stanza XXVI, page 51:

Even the dull cattle crooned and gazed, / And murmured and looked with anxious pain / For something the mystery to explain.

1813 January 30, James Hogg, “Night the Second. Kilmeny. The Thirteenth Bard’s Song.”, in The Queen’s Wake: A Legendary Poem, Edinburgh: George Goldie, […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 192:

'Thou hear'st that lordly Bull of mine, / Neighbour,' quoth Brunskill then; / 'How loudly to the hills he crunes, / That crune to him again.[']

1838, Robert Southey, “Brough Bells”, in The Poetical Works of Robert Southey. […], volume VI, London: […] [Andrew Spottiswoode] for Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longmans, […], published 1838, →OCLC, page 227:

Above the marge of night a star still shines, / And on the frosty hills the sombre pines / Harbor an eerie wind that crooneth low / Over the glimmering wastes of virgin snow.

1916, L[ucy] M[aud] Montgomery, “[Songs of the Hills and Woods.] A Winter Dawn.”, in The Watchman and Other Poems, Toronto, Ont.: McClelland, Goodchild & Stewart, →OCLC, stanza 1, page 85:

(Northern England, Scotland) To make a continuous hollow low-pitched moan, as of cattle; to bellow, to low.

ynistä

to make a continuous hollow low-pitched moan, as of cattle — see also bellow, low


croon

listen/core

A person crooning (sense 􂀽2.1).

ombox/core

A person crooning (sense 􂀽2.1).

ombox

A person crooning (sense 􂀽2.1).

mbox

A person crooning (sense 􂀽2.1).

O, a’ ye Bards on bonie Doon! / An’ vvha on Ayr your chanters tune! / Come, join the melancholious croon / O’ Robin’s reed! / His heart vvill never get aboon! / His Mailie’s dead!

1793, Robert Burns, “Poor Mailie’s Elegy”, in Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect. […], 2nd edition, volume I, Edinburgh: […] T[homas] Cadell, […], and William Creech, […], published 1793, →OCLC, page 115:

Bitterly she cried as she thought over the old hag's croon:— / "Quick joy, long pain, / You will take your gift again."

1866, C[harles] Kingsley, “How Hereward Turned Berserk”, in Hereward the Wake, “Last of the English.” […], volume I, London, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 249:

And really, Michael Jackson is a more fitting aspiration for the similarly sexless would-be-former teen heartthrob, who’s compared himself to the late King Of Pop (perhaps a bit prematurely) on several occasions and sings in a Jackson-like croon over a sample of “We’ve Got A Good Thing Going” on Believe’s “Die In Your Arms.”

2012 June 26, Genevieve Koski, “Music: Reviews: Justin Bieber: Believe”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2020-08-06:

A soft, low-pitched sound; specifically, a soft or sentimental hum, song, or tune.

broukání

soft, low-pitched sound; soft or sentimental hum, song, or tune

Amang the brachens, on the brae, / Betvveen her an' the moon, / The Deil, or elſe an outler Quey, / Gat up an' gae a croon: […]

1785 (date written), Robert Burns, “Halloween”, in Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect. […], 2nd edition, volume I, Edinburgh: […] T[homas] Cadell, […], and William Creech, […], published 1793, →OCLC, stanza XXVI, page 191:

The bittern mounts the morning air; / And rings the sky with quavering croon; […]

1813 January 30, James Hogg, “Night the Third. Mary Scott. The Fourteenth Bard’s Song.”, in The Queen’s Wake: A Legendary Poem, Edinburgh: George Goldie, […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 216:

(Northern England, Scotland) A continuous hollow low-pitched moan, as of cattle; a bellow.


didgeridoo

Likely onomatopoeic in reference to the sound made by the instrument, or the words spoken into the instrument to play it.
The earliest known description of the instrument was in 1829 by Captain Collet Barker, in which it was described as making the sound didoggerry whoan. In 2002, Lonergan proposed that the term could derive from Irish dúdaire dubh (“black hummer”) or Scottish Gaelic dùdaire dùth (“native piper”), though this seems to be coincidental, since there is no corroborating evidence and the terms would refer to the player (rather than the instrument itself).

m+

A musical instrument, endemic to the Top End of Australia, consisting of a long hollowed-out log which, when blown into, produces a low, deep mesmerising drone with sweeping rhythms.


folk

en-noun

folk (countable and uncountable, plural folks)

From Middle English folk, from Old English folc, from Proto-West Germanic *folk, from Proto-Germanic *fulką, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁-gós, from *pleh₁- (“to fill”).
Cognate with German Volk, Dutch volk, Swedish folk and Danish folk. Doublet of volk.


heliotrope

heliotrope (countable and uncountable, plural heliotropes)

PIE word
 *sóh₂wl̥
The noun is borrowed from French héliotrope, from Latin hēliotropium (“plant which turns to face the sun; bloodstone”), from Ancient Greek ἡλῐοτρόπῐον (hēliotrópion, “European heliotrope (Heliotropium europaeum); bloodstone; solar clock, sundial”), from ἥλῐος (hḗlios, “the sun”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“the sun”)) + τρόπος (trópos, “a turn”) (from τρέπω (trépō, “to rotate; to turn”) (from Proto-Indo-European *trep- (“to turn”)) + -ος (-os, suffix forming nouns from verbs)) + -ῐον (-ion, diminutive suffix forming nouns).
The French-derived spelling displaced Middle English elitrope, eliotropius, elitropium (“plant which turns to face the sun; bloodstone”) [and other forms], from Old English eliotropus, from Latin hēliotropium (see above); and Old English siġelhweorfa, sōlsece, and sunnfolgend (“heliotrope flower”).
Sense 6 (“synonym of bloodstone”) is from the fact that a piece of the mineral placed in water is said to change the sun’s rays to a blood-red colour: see the 1601 quotation.
The adjective is probably derived from the noun.

ref

From the B. A. Colonna collection, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S.A.

nb...

eliscrope, eliotropia, elitrepie, elitropius

garden heliotrope

Heliotropium arborescens or Valeriana officinalis

As they entered now, it seemed a blaze of roses and carnations, though one recognised in a moment the presence of the lily, the heliotrope, and the stock.

1870, B[enjamin] Disraeli, chapter XXIX, in Lothair. […], volume III, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 326:

Here's newyearspray, the posquiflor, a windaborne and heliotrope; there miriamsweet and amaranth and marygold to crown.

1939 May 4, James Joyce, Finnegans Wake, London: Faber and Faber Limited, →OCLC; republished London: Faber & Faber Limited, 1960, →OCLC, part III, page 561:

(countable, botany, also figuratively) A plant with flowers which turn to face and follow the sun, such as (archaic) marigolds and sunflowers.

(specifically) A plant of the genus Heliotropium, especially the common heliotrope (Heliotropium arborescens) which has clusters of purple flowers with a strong fragrance.

heliotrooppi

plant of the genus Heliotropium; any of various plants resembling those of the genus Heliotropium

He had lost his affable smile, and wore a look of almost military resolution; […] he had always smelt so much more of heliotrope than of gunpowder.

1881, Henry James, Jr., chapter XLIII, in The Portrait of a Lady, New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company […], →OCLC, page 381:

Ransacking the drawers of the dresser he came upon a discarded, tiny, ragged handkerchief. He pressed it to his face. It was racy and insolent with heliotrope; he hurled it to the floor.

1906 April, O. Henry [pseudonym; William Sydney Porter], “The Furnished Room”, in The Four Million, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co, →OCLC, page 246:

(uncountable) The fragrance of Heliotropium arborescens flowers, or a scent resembling this fragrance.

heliotroopin tuoksu

fragrance of Heliotropium arborescens flowers; scent resembling this fragrance

heliotrope:

Kit woke to see looming over him the face of Dr. Willi Dingkopf, framed by a haircut in violation of more than one law of physics, and a vivid necktie in fuchsia, heliotrope, and duck green, a gift from one of the patients, […]

2006, Thomas Pynchon, “Bilocations”, in Against the Day, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 623:

(uncountable) A light purple or violet colour like that of Heliotropium arborescens flowers.

светловиолетов

(signalling):

(surveying):

(countable) An instrument that uses a mirror to reflect sunlight for purposes such as signalling, or (surveying) triangulation (where the reflected light is detected by another surveyor positioned some distance away).

heliotrooppi

instrument that uses a mirror to reflect sunlight for purposes such as signalling or triangulation


heliotrope

en-adj

heliotrope (comparative more heliotrope, superlative most heliotrope)

more heliotrope (comparative)
most heliotrope (superlative)

"Lady in a heliotrope dress with a lace collar, three flounces on the skirt?" / "That's right, Mr. Bennett," agreed old Goslin. / "It's the Babe himself!" asserted Harry Bennett.

1904, Jerome K[lapka] Jerome, “Story the Sixth: ‘The Babe’ Applies for Shares”, in Tommy and Co., 1st Canadian edition, Toronto, Ont.: Langton and Hall, →OCLC, page 232:

There was a ten-mile stretch of level ground, blown hard as rock, from which the sustenance had been bleached, for not a spear of grass grew there. And following that was a tortuous passage through a weird region of clay dunes, blue and violet and heliotrope and lavender, all worn smooth by rain and wind.

1917 January, Zane Grey, chapter VI, in Wildfire, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, page 78:

Of a light purple or violet colour like that of Heliotropium arborescens flowers.

heliotroopin värinen

of a light purple or violet colour like that of Heliotropium arborescens flowers


squeal

Inherited from Middle English squelen, probably from Old Norse skvala (“to squeal, bawl”), from Proto-Germanic *skwel- (“to chatter, babble, scream”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *skel-, from *kelh₁- (“to ring, resound, cry”). Compare Old Norse skval (“a squeal”, noun), Swedish skvallra (“to babble, chatter, tell on”).

cog

A high-pitched sound, such as the scream of a child or a female person, or noisy worn-down brake pads.


squeal

en-verb

squeal (third-person singular simple present squeals, present participle squealing, simple past and past participle squealed)

squeals (present singular third-person)
squealing (participle present)
squealed (participle past)
squealed (past)

The children squealed with delight while opening their Christmas presents.

(transitive, intransitive) To scream with a shrill, prolonged sound.


fluorescent

en-adj

fluorescent (comparative more fluorescent, superlative most fluorescent)

more fluorescent (comparative)
most fluorescent (superlative)

/ˌflʊəˈɹɛsənt/

The fluorescent plants shimmered in the darkness.

The quality of fluorescent lighting technology has improved dramatically in recent years.

Emitting visible light as a result of the excitation of phosphors by ultraviolet photons produced by the passage of an electrical current through an inert gas infused with mercury.

Her shirt was fluorescent orange.


fluorescent

/ˌflʊəˈɹɛsənt/

The fluorescents hummed day and night.


post

Inherited from Old English post (“pillar, door-post”) and Latin postis (“a post, a door-post”) through Old French. .

inh+

(vocal music, chiefly a cappella) A prolonged final melody note, among moving harmony notes.

vocal music; chiefly a cappella; vocal music; chiefly a cappella


helioscope

(astronomy) An apparatus for viewing the Sun without harming the eye, by means of an optical filter that attenuates most of sunlight while allowing only a small amount of the solar radiation.


engineer

→ Burmese: အင်ဂျင်နီယာ (anggyangniya)

→ Hawaiian: ʻenekinia

→ Hindi: इंजीनियर (iñjīniyar)

→ Japanese: エンジニア (enjinia)

desc

အိန်ဂျေန်နဳယျာ

→ Mon: အိန်ဂျေန်နဳယျာ

→ Mon: အိန်ဂျေန်နဳယျာ

→ Persian:

Dari: اِنْجِنِیر (injinīr)

/ˌɛn(d)ʒɪˈnɪə/

/ˌɛnd͡ʒɪˈnɪ(ə)ɹ/

The noun is derived from:
* Middle English enginour (“one who designs, constructs, or operates military works for attack or defence, etc.; machine designer”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman enginour, engigneour [and other forms], and Middle French and Old French engigneor, engigneour, engignier (“one who designs, constructs, or operates military works for attack or defence; architect; carpenter; craftsman; designer; planner; one who deceives or schemes”) (modern French ingénieur), from engin (“contraption, device; machine; invention; creativity, ingenuity; intelligence; deception, ruse, trickery”) + -eor, -or (suffix forming agent nouns); engin is derived from Latin ingenium (“innate or natural quality, nature; intelligence, natural capacity; ability, skill, talent; (Medieval Latin) engine; machine”), from in- (prefix meaning ‘in, inside, within’) + gignere (the present active infinitive of gignō (“to bear, beget, give birth to; to cause, produce, yield”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to beget, give birth to; to produce”)) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns); and
* from engine + -er (occupational suffix); and
* from engine + -eer (suffix forming nouns denoting people associated with, concerned with, or engaged in specified activities), possibly modelled after Middle French ingénieur (a variant of Middle French, Old French engigneour; see above), and Italian ingegniere (“engineer”) (obsolete; modern Italian ingegnere).
The verb is derived from the noun.
cognates
* Medieval Latin, Late Latin ingeniārius (“engineer”)
* Medieval Latin ingeniator (“one constructing or using an engine”)
* Old Occitan engenhador, enginhador
* Portuguese engenhador (obsolete), engenheiro (“engineer”)
* Spanish engeñero (obsolete), ingeniero (“engineer”)

nb...

(Late Middle English) engyner, (Middle English) engineour, enginer, engyneour, engyneor, engynour, yngynore

engineor, enginere, engineur, enginor, enginur

cog

A person trained to operate an engine; an engineman.

(US, firefighting) A person who drives or operates a fire engine.


heliostat

Circa 1750, from New Latin heliostata, from Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios, “sun”) + Latin status (“stationary”).

In reply, the clockwork heliostats that had tracked the sun to reflect light into the indoor areas during the day now swivelled towards the street lamp to do the same for the night.

2024, Jasper Fforde, Red Side Story, Hodder & Stoughton, page 90:

A device that includes a plane mirror which turns so as to keep reflecting sunlight toward a predetermined target, compensating for the sun's apparent motions in the sky. The target may be a physical object, distant from the heliostat, or a direction in space, and is almost always stationary relative to the heliostat, so the light is reflected in a fixed direction.

heliòstat

device to continuously reflect sunlight toward a predetermined target, almost always in some fixed direction, despite the sun's motions in the sky


heliograph

It was a lieutenant and a couple of privates of the 8th Hussars, with a stand like a theodolite, which the artilleryman told me was a heliograph.

1895–1897, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “What I Saw of the Destruction of Weybridge and Shepperton”, in The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, published 1898, →OCLC, book I (The Coming of the Martians), page 91:

And Love had made him very sage, as Nature made her fair; / So Cupid and Apollo linked, per heliograph, the pair.

1919, Rudyard Kipling, “A Code of Morals”, in Departmental Ditties and Ballads and Barrack-Room Ballads:

when we stood up at nightfall we saw, in the sunset, the sparkle of the heliograph above cities, on the far side of the horizon.

1979, Alasdair Gray, “Five Letters From an Eastern Empire”, in Every Short Story 1951-2012, Canongate, published 2012, page 93:

An apparatus for signalling by means of a moveable mirror which reflects flashes of sunlight.

An instrument for measuring the intensity of sunlight.


heliograph

en-verb

heliograph (third-person singular simple present heliographs, present participle heliographing, simple past and past participle heliographed)

heliographs (present singular third-person)
heliographing (participle present)
heliographed (participle past)
heliographed (past)

With damnatory dot and dash he heliographed his wife / Some interesting details of the General's private life.

(transitive) To send a message by heliograph.

(transitive, dated) To photograph by sunlight.


transpose

transpose (third-person singular simple present transposes, present participle transposing, simple past and past participle transposed)

transposes (present singular third-person)
transposing (participle present)
transposed (participle past)
transposed (past)

From Middle English transposen, from Old French transposer, from Latin trānspositus, perfect passive participle of trānspōnō (“to put across”), from trāns (“across”) + pōnō (“to put”).

(transitive, music) To rewrite or perform (a piece) in another key.

transportar

music: to write or perform (a piece) in another key


session

→ Japanese: セッション (sesshon)

→ Korean: 세션 (sesyeon)

→ Scottish Gaelic: seisean

From Middle English session, from Old French session, from Latin sessiō (“a sitting”), from sedeō (“sit”).


session

session (third-person singular simple present sessions, present participle sessioning, simple past and past participle sessioned)

sessions (present singular third-person)
sessioning (participle present)
sessioned (participle past)
sessioned (past)

“I downloaded a clip from a drummer, who I now realize is Bernard Purdie, who has sessioned on all kinds of records,” he said.

2009 May 3, Virginia Heffernan, “World Music”, in New York Times:

(music) To hold or participate in a jam session with other musicians.


axis of evil

2002 State of the Union Address
George W. Bush
axis of evil

Coined by American political commentator David Frum in 2002 and first used publicly by President George W. Bush in the 2002 State of the Union Address. Possibly from a historical analogy to the German-Italian-Japanese axis. Extended to astrophysics by Portuguese scientist João Magueijo in 2005.

coin

cosmic microwave background
cosmic microwave background

(astrophysics, cosmology) An anomaly in the temperature of the cosmic microwave background as the result of a preferential axis which may have shaped the development of the universe, sometimes abbreviated AOE.


mermaid

From Middle English mermayde (“maid of the sea”), from mere (“sea, lake”) + maid, equivalent to mer- + maid. Cognate with Dutch meermeid (“mermaid”), Middle High German mermaget, mermeit (“mermaid”, > German Meermagd, Meermädchen (“mermaid”)). Compare Old English meremenn, meremennen, meremenin (“mermaid, siren”).

inh

mermaid smoothie

(as a modifier) Coloured a brilliant turquoise.


hydrogen bomb

A thermonuclear bomb that derives its destructive power from the fusion of isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium and tritium).


lamp

Tok Pisin: lam

→ Korean: 램프 (raempeu)

From Middle English laumpe, lampe, from Old French lampe (“lamp, light”), from Latin lampas (“torch, lamp, light”), from Ancient Greek λαμπάς (lampás, “torch, lamp, beacon, light, meteor”), from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂p- (“to shine”). Cognate with Lithuanian lópė (“light”), Welsh llachar (“bright”). Displaced native Old English lēohtfæt (literally “light container”).

cog

A device that generates heat, light or other radiation. Especially an electric light bulb.

A device containing oil, burnt through a wick for illumination; an oil lamp.

A piece of furniture holding one or more electric light sockets.


lamp

en-verb

lamp (third-person singular simple present lamps, present participle lamping, simple past and past participle lamped)

lamps (present singular third-person)
lamping (participle present)
lamped (participle past)
lamped (past)

(UK, Ireland) To hunt at night using a lamp, during which bright lights are used to dazzle the hunted animal or to attract insects for capture.

I'm in my Flavmobile cold lamping. I took a G upstate cold camping. To the Poconos, we call a hideaways. A bag of franks and a bag of Frito-Lays.

1988 June 28, “Cold Lampin' With Flavor” (track 4), in It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back, performed by Public Enemy:

(slang, US) To hang out or chill; to do nothing in particular.

To make into a table lamp, said of a vase or urn, etc.


9/11 attacks
911 (disambiguation)
Federal Communications Commission
National Emergency Number Association
United States

Chosen by the United States in the 1960s in place of the older British 999 number as a better way to avoid accidental calls from push-button telephones. It is officially pronounced "nine-one-one," not "nine-eleven," since "nine-eleven" refers to the 2001 attacks in New York and Washington. 9/11 is universally distinguished from 911 and usually refers to the September 11, 2001 attacks. Officially written as 9-1-1 in regulations and materials from the United States National Emergency Number Association and Federal Communications Commission, which is also advocated by some media style guides.

I don't know why they couldn't just keep it as it was! How hard is it to remember 911?
You mean 999...
I mean 999!
That's the American one!
Yeah!

2006 Feb. 3, Graham Linehan, The IT Crowd, Season 1, Episode 2

When you call 911 in the United States, a local dispatcher usually answers the phone with "911" or "911. What's your emergency?"

The telephone number for emergency services in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, Argentina, Uruguay, Ecuador, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan, Liberia, Ethiopia, the Philippines, Anguilla, Palau, and Tonga.

emergency services(Australia) 000(Mongolia) 105(China, Iran) 110(New Zealand) 111(European Union) 112(Japan, South Korea) 119(UK, Ireland) 999


whoop

From Middle English whopen, whowpen, howpen, houpen (“to whoop, cry out”), partially from Old French houper, hopper, houpper (“to shout”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwōpan, from Proto-Germanic *hwōpaną (“to boast, threaten”) (compare Gothic 𐍈𐍉𐍀𐌰𐌽 (ƕōpan, “to boast”), Old English hwōpan (“to threaten”)); and partially from Middle English wop (“weeping, lamentation”), from Old English wōp (“cry, outcry, shrieking, weeping, lamentation”), from Proto-West Germanic *wōp, from Proto-Germanic *wōpaz (“shout, cry, wail”) (compare Old Norse ópa (“to cry, scream, shout”), Gothic 𐍅𐍉𐍀𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wōpjan, “to cry out”)).

inh

[A] great whoop of victory sounded as finally they carried the fish up the beach.

1983, The Fisherman Who Laughed, page 30:

A gasp, characteristic of whooping cough.

магарешка кашлица

The key to jamming through the whoops is to keep your weight to the back of the quad […] and keep the front wheels high […]

2006, Steve Casper, ATVs: Everything You Need to Know, page 104:

The “98 MPH” sign used to be on a set of particularly vicious whoops at one of John's favorite racetracks.

2009, Lee Klancher, Kevin Cameron, Motorcycle Dream Garages, page 184:


whoop

en-verb

whoop (third-person singular simple present whoops, present participle whooping, simple past and past participle whooped)

whoops (present singular third-person)
whooping (participle present)
whooped (participle past)
whooped (past)

I made a speaking trumpet of my hands and commenced to whoop “Ahoy!” and “Hello!” at the top of my lungs. […] The Colonel woke up, and, after asking what in brimstone was the matter, opened his mouth and roared “Hi!” and “Hello!” like the bull of Bashan.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

To cough or breathe with a sonorous inspiration, as in whooping cough.


mordent

From Italian mordente. Doublet of mordant.

(music) An ornament consisting of a single alternation between a given pitch and the one immediately below it.


luminous

en-adj

luminous (comparative more luminous, superlative most luminous)

more luminous (comparative)
most luminous (superlative)

Borrowed from Middle French lumineus, from Latin lūminōsus.

The moon, which had been slowly ascending, now shone through an open space between the trees; and the rippling waters of the brook gave back her light in luminous vibrations.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter IV, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 21:

The bonfire in his heart made luminous the rose-tan in his cheek.

1888–1891, Herman Melville, “[Billy Budd, Foretopman.] Chapter [HTTP://GUTENBERG.NET.AU/EBOOKS06/0608511H.HTML CHAPTER 11].”, in Billy Budd and Other Stories, London: John Lehmann, published 1951, →OCLC:

Emitting light; glowing brightly; shining.


sustain

From Middle English susteinen, sustenen, from Old French sustenir (French soutenir), from Latin sustineō, sustinēre (“to uphold”), from sub- (“from below, up”) + teneō (“hold”, verb).

To call this music bland is to ignore the down-the-drain vocal fade-aways, the extended sax sustains […]

2011, Chuck Eddy, Rock and Roll Always Forgets, page 265:

(music) A mechanism which can be used to hold a note, as the right pedal on a piano.


WS

en-noun

WS (countable and uncountable, plural WSs)

(music) Initialism of wavetable synthesis; a method used to generate sound by a digital music synthesizer.


sear

en-adj

sear (comparative searer or more sear, superlative searest or most sear)

searer (comparative)
more sear (comparative)
searest (superlative)
most sear (superlative)

From Middle English sere, seer, seere, from Old English sēar, sīere (“dry, sere, sear, withered, barren”), from Proto-West Germanic *sauʀ(ī), from Proto-Germanic *sauzaz (“dry”), from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ews- (“dry, parched”) (also reconstructed as *h₂sews-).
Cognate with Dutch zoor (“dry, rough”), Low German soor (“dry”), German sohr (“parched, dried up”), dialectal Norwegian søyr (“the desiccation and death of a tree”), Lithuanian saũsas (“dry”), Homeric Ancient Greek αὖος (aûos, “dry”). Doublet of sere and sare.

cog

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-sear.wav

There are in all but three vvayes of going thither [to the moon]. […] [The] third, Old Empedocles vvay; vvho vvhen he leaped into Ætna, having a drie ſeare bodie, and light, the ſmoake took him and vvhift him up into the Moone, vvhere he lives yet vvaving up and dovvne like a feather, all foot and embers comming out of that cole-pit; our Poet met him, and talkt vvith him.

1620 January 17 (first performance; Gregorian calendar), Benjamin Jonson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Newes from the New World Discover’d in the Moon. A Masque, […]”, in The Workes of Benjamin Jonson. The Second Volume. […] (Second Folio), London: […] Richard Meighen, published 1640–1641, →OCLC, page 42:

The autumn winds rushing / Waft the leaves that are searest, / But our flower was in flushing, / When blighting was nearest.

1810, Walter Scott, “Canto III. The Gathering.”, in The Lady of the Lake; […], Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for John Ballantyne and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, and William Miller, →OCLC, stanza XVI, page 118:

Dry; withered, especially of vegetation.


sear

en-verb

sear (third-person singular simple present sears, present participle searing, simple past and past participle seared)

sears (present singular third-person)
searing (participle present)
seared (participle past)
seared (past)

From Middle English seren, seeren, from Old English sēarian (“to become sere, to grow sear, wither, pine away”), from Proto-West Germanic *sauʀēn (“to dry out, become dry”); compare also Proto-Germanic *sauzijaną (“to make dry”). Related to Old High German sōrēn (“to wither, wilt”). See Etymology 1 for more cognates. The use in firearms terminology may relate to French serrer (“to grip”).

cog

I will sear the skin from your flesh. You will die a thousand deaths!

2001, Ben Stivers, Wrath of Magic, page 123:

When you drop the tuna onto the pan, the outside will sear and cook quickly while leaving as much of the center as possible in its raw state.

2010, Jeff Potter, Cooking for Geeks: Real Science, Great Hacks, and Good Food, page 180:

I often will sear steaks, move them to a cooler side, then use the hot side to grill or sauté vegetables, make a sauce in a cast-iron skillet, or grill some fruit for dessert while the steak finishes.

2016, Melissa Cookston, Smokin' Hot in the South, page 12:

(transitive) To char, scorch, or burn the surface of (something) with a hot instrument.

لَفَحَ

To char, scorch, or burn the surface of something with a hot instrument

The events of that day were seared into her memory.

(transitive, figurative) To mark permanently, as if by burning.


footwork

en-noun

footwork (usually uncountable, plural footworks)

In April, DJ Rashad, a Chicago-based producer and pioneer of the increasingly popular footwork genre, died in a drug-related accident.

2015 November 16, Sukhdev Sandhu, “How dub master Kode9 became the hero of zero”, in The Guardian:

(uncountable, music) A subgenre of juke/ghetto house and style of street dance that originated in Chicago in the early 1990s.


crackle

From Middle English crakelen, equivalent to crack + -le (frequentative suffix). The physics sense is part of a facetious sequence "snap, crackle, pop", after the mascots of Rice Krispies cereal.

I heard a crackle from the frying pan as I was frying bacon.

There was an annoying crackle during the phone call, due to poor connection.

A prolonged, frequent cracking sound; a fizzing, popping sound.


crackle

en-verb

crackle (third-person singular simple present crackles, present participle crackling, simple past and past participle crackled)

crackles (present singular third-person)
crackling (participle present)
crackled (participle past)
crackled (past)

a crackling fire

the unknown ice that crackles underneath them

1681, John Dryden, The Spanish Fryar: Or, the Double Discovery. […], London: […] Richard Tonson and Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page number):

He felt the stress and strain of life, its fevers and sweats and wild insurgences—surely this was the stuff to write about! He wanted to glorify the leaders of forlorn hopes, the mad lovers, the giants that fought under stress and strain, amid terror and tragedy, making life crackle with the strength of their endeavor.

1908 September – 1909 September, Jack London, chapter XIV, in Martin Eden, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, published September 1909, →OCLC, page 117:

(intransitive) To make a prolonged, frequent cracking sound which sounds like fizzing or popping.


thermonuclear

I can't believe you gave me, a ten-year-old boy, a thermonuclear device [...]

2021 January 30, ISP, quoting iSorrowproductions, Beating Fallout 3 But Every Enemy Has A NUKE - Every Enemy Has A Fat Man Mod:

Of, or relating to the use of atomic weapons based on such fusion, especially as distinguished from those based on fission.


nuclear fusion

en-noun

nuclear fusion (usually uncountable, plural nuclear fusions)

The emergence of this new large-scale lab-based astrophysics was an unanticipated side effect of a much broader, more fraught, and now quite in-the-news scientific journey: the quest for nuclear fusion.

2023 January 3, Adam Frank, “The Universe Is More in Our Hands Than Ever Before”, in The Atlantic:

(nuclear physics) The combining of the nuclei of small atoms to form the nuclei of larger ones, with a resulting release of large quantities of energy; the process that makes the sun shine, and hydrogen bombs explode.

اِنْدِمَاج نَوَوِيّ

the combining of the nuclei of small atoms to form the nuclei of larger ones


smoke explosion

smoke explosion (plural smoke explosions)

(firefighting) An explosion of flue gases accumulated inside a burning building.


vibrate

en-verb

vibrate (third-person singular simple present vibrates, present participle vibrating, simple past and past participle vibrated)

vibrates (present singular third-person)
vibrating (participle present)
vibrated (participle past)
vibrated (past)

From Latin vibrātus, perfect passive participle of vibrō (“agitate, set in tremulous motion”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weyp- (“to oscillate, swing”) or *weyb-.


scorch

en-verb

scorch (third-person singular simple present scorches, present participle scorching, simple past and past participle scorched)

scorches (present singular third-person)
scorching (participle present)
scorched (participle past)
scorched (past)

From Middle English scorchen, scorcnen (“to make dry; parch”), perhaps an alteration of earlier *scorpnen, from Old Norse skorpna (“to shrivel up”).

(transitive) To burn the surface of something so as to discolour it

обгарям

to burn the surface of something so as to discolour it

Lashed by mad rage, and scorched by brutal fires.

(transitive) To wither, parch or destroy something by heat or fire, especially to make land or buildings unusable to an enemy

ütmək

to wither, parch or destroy something by heat or fire

Power was given unto him to scorch men with fire.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 16:8:

the fire that scorches me to death


marching band

No, republicans did not celebrate; they took their placards and their yellow T-shirts to Trafalgar Square, where their voices could (almost) be heard against a backdrop of marching bands and pealing bells.

2023 May 6, Rachel Cooke, “It was ludicrous but also magnificent: the coronation stirred every emotion”, in The Guardian:

A group of instrumental musicians who generally perform outdoors, and who often incorporate movement, usually some type of marching, with their musical performance.


minstrel

The noun is derived from Middle English minstral, menestrel (“actor; juggler; mime; musician; singer; storyteller; (military) soldier playing a horn or trumpet as a signal”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman menestrel [and other forms] and Old French menestrel (“artisan; servant; itinerant musician or poet; worker”) [and other forms] (modern French ménestrel (“minstrel”)), from Late Latin ministerialis (“official or retainer owing household and military service to a feudal lord, a ministerial or ministerialis”), from Latin ministerium (“employment, ministration; office of a minister, ministry; action or attendance by an inferior person such as a slave, service”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives). Ministerium is derived from minister (“accomplice; agent; aide; attendant; servant; waiter”) (probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“little, small”) + *-teros (contrastive or oppositional suffix forming adjectives)) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns). Doublet of ministerial and ministerialis.
The verb is derived from the noun.

nb...

menestral, menstrel, menstrelle, menstral, menstrale, menstrall, menstralle, menstrel, menstrell, menstrelle, minestral, minestrale, ministral, ministrele, minsterel, minstrale, minstrall, minstralle, minstrel, minstrelle, munstral, munstrel, munstrell, mynestral, mynistralle, mynsterel, mynstraell, mynstral, mynstrale, mynstrall, mynstralle, mynstrel, mynstrell, mynstrelle, mynystral, mynystrel, mynystrell

doublet

I forgette to tel you what a stirre he keepes against dumbe ministers, and neuer writes nor talkes of them, but hee calleth them minstrels, […]

1589?, Cutbert Curry-knave [pseudonym; Thomas Nashe], An Almond for a Parrat, or Cutbert Curry-knaues Almes. […], [London: […] Eliot’s Court Press], →OCLC; republished as An Almond for a Parrot; being a Reply to Martin Mar-prelate. […] (Puritan Discipline Tracts), London: John Petheram, […], 1846, →OCLC, page 26:

Should a Minſtrel ſing to a ſweet tune with her voice, and play to another with her hand that is harſh and diſpleaſing; ſuch muſick would more grate the judicious ear, than if ſhe had ſung to what ſhe plaid? Thus to ſing to truth with our judgement, and play wickedneſs with our heart and hand in our life, is more abhorring to God and all good men, than where the judgement is erroneous, as well as the life ungodly.

1669, William Gurnall, “A Short Point from the Connexion of This Piece of Armour with the First; Righteousness with Truth”, in The Christian in Compleat Armour. Or, A Treatise, of the Saints VVar against the Devil; […], 5th edition, London: […] Ralph Smith, […], →OCLC, page 77, column 1:

[page xv] The Minstrels ſeem to have been the genuine ſucceſſors of the ancient Bards, who united the arts of Poetry and Muſic, and ſung verſes to the harp, of their own compoſing. […] [page xvi] [T]he Minſtrels continued a diſtinct order of men, and got their livelihood by ſinging verſes to the harp, at the houſes of the great.

1765, Thomas Percy, compiler, “An Essay on the Ancient English Minstrels”, in Reliques of Ancient English Poetry: […], volume I, London: […] J[ames] Dodsley […], →OCLC, pages xv–xvi:

But louder still the clamour grew, / And louder still the minstrels blew, / When, from beneath the greenwood tree, / Rode forth Lord Howard's chivalry; […]

1805, Walter Scott, “Canto Fourth”, in The Lay of the Last Minstrel: A Poem, London: […] [James Ballantyne] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […], and A[rchibald] Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, stanza XVI, page 107:

The Minstrel-Boy to the war is gone, / In the ranks of death you'll find him; / His father's sword he has girded on, / And his wild harp slung behind him.

1813, Thomas Moore (lyricist), John Stevenson (composer), “The Minstrel-Boy”, in A Selection of Irish Melodies. […], number 5, London: J. Power, […], →OCLC, verse I, page 30:

A wandering minstrel I— / A thing of shreds and patches, / Of ballads, songs and snatches, / And dreamy lullaby!

1885, W[illiam] S[chwenck] Gilbert, Arthur Sullivan, composer, […] The Mikado; or, The Town of Titipu, London: Chappel & Co., […], →OCLC, Act I, page 4:

The hero of the verses, Adam Glen, who composed the air to which they are sung, was a well-known wandering minstrel, long a favourite in every farmer's ha', village, and fair, in the west of Angus, and in eastern Forfarshire.

1901, “Pawkie Adam Glen”, in Robert Ford, editor, Vagabond Songs and Ballads of Scotland: With Many Old and Familiar Melodies […] (Second Series), Paisley, Renfrewshire, London: Alexander Gardner […], →OCLC, page 172:

(historical) Originally, an entertainer employed to juggle, play music, sing, tell stories, etc.; a buffoon, a fool, a jester; later, a medieval (especially travelling) entertainer who would recite and sing poetry, often to their own musical accompaniment.


reduction

en-noun

reduction (countable and uncountable, plural reductions)

From Middle English reduccion, a borrowing from Old French reducion, from Latin reductiō, reductiōnem.

(music) An arrangement for a far smaller number of parties, e.g. a keyboard solo based on a full opera.


backdraft

(American spelling, firefighting) Sudden, dangerous recombustion that occurs when there is a rapid reintroduction of oxygen to an enclosed space containing a fire.

a different extreme fire behavior phenomenon


raï

From French raï, from Algerian Arabic راي (rāy, “opinion”), from Arabic رَأْي (raʔy, “opinion”).

Rai arrives in the US, in some ways, as the latest rage to hit the World Music record bins, the result of a new post-modern global marketing strategy.

1991 March-April, David McMurray and Ted Swedenburg, "Rai Tide Rising" in Middle East Report no. 169, page 39 http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0899-2851%28199103%2F04%29169%3C39%3ARTR%3E2.0.CO%3B2-5

1997: Karen Fog Olwig & Kirsten Hastrup, Siting Culture: The Shifting Anthropological Object — chapter 3: “Which world? On the diffusion of Algerian raï to the West” (by Marc Schade-Poulsen), p59: INTRODUCTION →ISBN (10); →ISBN (13))^†
This chapter deals with raï music from Algeria. Since its emergence in the late 1970s, raï has spread throughout the world and stands today as an exponent of “World Music”. The chapter traces a transnational process that has taken place in the 1980s: the diffusion of raï from the cabarets of Oran (the second largest city of Algeria) to the stereo racks in the West. It evokes the existence of different places and spaces for the consumption of raï.

In France, raï’s lack of commercial success was thought to have been caused by hidden French racism and the subsequent de facto absence of raï on commercial radio and prime-time television. All in all, it did seem difficult to “sell an Arab” to a Western audience, as was the case, for example, with Cheb Mami’s U.S.-recorded album “Let me raï”, released during the Gulf War.

1999: Marc Schade-Poulsen, Men and Popular Music in Algeria: The Social Significance of Raï, p34 →ISBN (10); →ISBN (13))

The rise of raï has paralleled the rise of Islamism in Algerian society, despite its mixing the male and female roles of musical production and consumption. Indeed, the paradox is at first glance perplexing because one might expect the critical message of raï to be anti-Islamist. The rhetoric of raï, however, does not contradict the rise of Islamism in Algeria, and therefore it acquires the potential to complement religious fundamentalism. Raï and Islam do not so much occupy the same space as draw a cluster of public discussions and debates about gender into the same discourse (Schade-Poulsen 1996, 148–53; compare Bohlman 2000, 293–96).

2003: Tullia Magrini, Music and Gender: Perspectives from the Mediterranean — chapter 14: “‘And She Sang a New Song’: Gender and Music on the Sacred Landscapes of the Mediterranean” (by Philip V. Bohlman), p333 →ISBN (10); →ISBN (13))

At least three conflicting varieties of Raï drifted in through the open doorway of the bus, blasting from cafés in the square.

2005, Jon Courtenay Grimwood, Pashazade, p33: §2:

A form of music, originating in Oran, Algeria from Bedouin shepherds.


fire truck

(firefighting, US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand) A ladder truck, a vehicle used by firefighters to gain access to the upper stories of a building. Typically, a fire truck has a hydraulic system which operates a large, heavy-duty ladder mounted on top of the truck body, space for portable ladders to be stored and compartments for holding other tools that may be needed. Unlike a fire engine, trucks do not have pumps or carry water.


fagot

Most likely from Italian fagotto, from Latin fascis.

(music, obsolete) A fagotto, or bassoon.


heterophony

heterophony (countable and uncountable, plural heterophonies)

From Ancient Greek ἑτεροφωνία (heterophōnía). By surface analysis, hetero- + -phony.

(music) The simultaneous performance by a number of singers or musicians of two or more versions of the same melody.


lantern

→ Bengali: লন্ঠন (lonṭhon)

Hindi: लालटेन (lālṭen)

→ Irish: laindéar

→ Malay: lentera

Indonesian: lentera

→ Telugu: లాంతరు (lāntaru)

From Middle English lanterne (13th century), via Old French lanterne from Latin lanterna (“lantern”), itself a corruption of Ancient Greek λαμπτήρ (lamptḗr, “torch”) (see lamp, λάμπω (lámpō)) by influence of Latin lucerna (“lamp”). The spelling lanthorn was current during the 16th to 19th centuries and originates with a folk etymology associating the word with the use of horn as translucent cover. For the verb, compare French lanterner to hang at the lamppost. Displaced native Old English lēohtfæt (literally “light-container”).


fire alarm

A four fire-alarm fire ripped through a row of 2.5 story frame dwellings during the early morning hours

(firefighting) An emergency response to a fire by the fire department with manpower and equipment.


fire hydrant

(firefighting) A device used by firefighters to obtain water from the main supply, consisting of a barrel, connections for hose and a valve assembly.

صُنْبُور حَرِيق

a device used by firefighters to obtain water from the main


claw hammer

en-noun

claw hammer (countable and uncountable, plural claw hammers)

From claw + hammer, descriptive of the shape of the tool's head.

(music, uncountable) A fingerpicking technique primarily used by banjo players, but also by some guitarists.


trombone

/ˌtɹɒmˈbəʊn/

Borrowed from Italian trombone, from tromba (“trumpet”) + -one (augmentative), literally “large trumpet”.
The telecommunications sense alludes to the shape of the musical instrument.

affix

Jim plays the trombone very well.

This trombone is very expensive.

A musical instrument in the brass family, having a cylindrical bore, and usually a sliding tube (but sometimes piston valves, and rarely both). Most often refers to the tenor trombone, which is the most common type of trombone and has a fundamental tone of B♭ˌ (contra B♭).

tromboon

a musical instrument in the brass family


pedaliter

(music) Of organ music requiring the use of both the manuals and the pedals


Min Min light

Named after the small settlement of Min Min, located between the outback towns of Boulia and Winton, where the light was observed by a stockman in 1918.

Min-min lights are usually seen during the winter, for example, when cold-air inversions abound. This, and his artificial min-min, seemed to confirm the theory.

2003, New Scientist, volume 180, numbers 2415-2428, page 71:

Then, once a man was talking about his outdoor work, he got around to speaking about the mysteries of the min-min light and who saw it where.

2006, Alexis Wright, Carpentaria, Giramondo, published 2012, page 340:

Neuroscientist, Professor Jack Pettigrew, of the University of Queensland claims the Min Min lights are an inverted mirage of light sources hundreds of miles away, caused by a temperature inversion when cold dense air is trapped near the ground to be refracted so that it travels a curved path around the globe.

2006, Marion Houldsworth, From Gulf to God Knows Where, footnote, page 127:

“You′ve heard of Min Min lights?” She grinned. “Sure.”
The strange appearance of those lights in the outback was legendary.[…]
“Min Min lights were part of Aboriginal folklore long before modern day sightings made them famous,” Jack said.

2010, Robyn Grady, Bargaining For Baby, unnumbered page:

Travellers camping out on the plains may witness a glowing light that seems to hover eerily across the vast landscape – the unexplained Min Min Lights that have been shrouded in mystery for over 100 years.

2010, Craig Lewis, Cathy Savage, The Complete 4WD Guide, unnumbered page:

(Australia) An unexplained light reportedly appearing in the sky in remote parts of Australia, especially northwest Queensland, possibly caused by reflections of distant light in the dry air conditions.


brutal

en-adj

brutal (comparative more brutal, superlative most brutal)

more brutal (comparative)
most brutal (superlative)

From Medieval Latin brutalis (“savage, stupid”), from Latin brūtus (“dull, stupid”).

der

(music, figuratively) In extreme metal, to describe the speed of the music and the density of riffs.

brutal

in heavy metal, to describe the speed of the music and the density of riffs


wobble

From earlier wabble (“wobble”), probably from Low German wabbeln (“to wobble”). Compare Dutch wiebelen and wobbelen (“to wobble”), German wabbeln (“to wobble”), Old Norse vafla (“to hover about, totter”).

cog

“I Knew You Were Trouble,” one of the year’s great pop songs, begins like a sock-hop anthem, with jaunty guitars. A dubstep wobble arrives about halfway through like a wrecking ball, changing the course not just of the song but also of Ms. Swift’s career.

2012 October 24, Jon Caramanica, “No More Kid Stuff for Taylor Swift”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(music) A low-frequency oscillation sometimes used in dubstep.


extinct

PIE word
 *h₁eǵʰs
From Late Middle English extinct (“eliminated, eradicated, extinguished”), from Latin extīnctus, exstīnctus (“extinguished, quenched; destroyed, killed; made extinct”), the perfect passive participles of extinguō, exstinguō (“to extinguish, put out, quench; (figurative) to abolish; to destroy, kill”), from ex- (prefix meaning ‘away; out’) + stinguō (“to extinguish, put out, quench”) (from Proto-Indo-European *stengʷ- (“to push”)). The Middle English word displaced Middle English aqueint, aquenched (“extinct; extinguished”). Doublet of extinguish.

der

(nuclear physics) Of a radioisotope: no longer occurring primordially due to having decayed away completely, because it has a relatively short half-life.

hävinnyt

of a radioisotope: no longer occurring primordially due to having decayed away completely


oatmeal

en-noun

oatmeal (usually uncountable, plural oatmeals)

From Middle English otemele, from ote (“oat”) + mele (“meal, coarse-ground grains”). Equivalent to oat + meal.

A breakfast cereal made from rolled oats, cooked in milk and/or water.

вівся́не бо́рошно n (vivsjáne bórošno, literally “oat flour”)

oatmeal:

A light greyish brown colour, like that of oatmeal.


oatmeal

Boldly patterned textiles in oatmeal tones with a woven design in a strongly contrasting colour can be used alike for upholstery and as a wall hanging […]

Of a light greyish brown colour, like that of oatmeal