coke

→ Portuguese: coque

Perhaps from Middle English coke, colk (“core”), from Old English *colc (“hole, well”), from Proto-West Germanic *kolk, from Proto-Germanic *kulukaz (“a hollow, depression”), from Proto-Indo-European *g(ʷ)el- (“to swallow, devour; gullet”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Kolk (“maelstrom, depression, whirlpool”), West Frisian kolk (“maelstrom, whirlpool”), Dutch kolk (“maelstrom, vortex, whirlpool”), German Kolk (“pothole”).

cog

The plant should produce approximately 550,000 tons of screened blast furnace coke per year.

At Ho-pi (Hopi) in northern Honan two modern shafts were under construction in 1957-8; but the coal from Ho-pi is expected to be of rather poor quality and so will be mixed with rich coal from P'ing-ting-shan (Pingtingshan) in central Honan for coke making.

1963, “The Coal Industry in Mainland China Since 1949”, in The Geographical Journal, volume 129, number 3, →ISSN, →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 333:

(uncountable) Solid residue from roasting coal in a coke oven; used principally as a fuel and in the production of steel and formerly as a domestic fuel.


coke

en-verb

coke (third-person singular simple present cokes, present participle coking, simple past and past participle coked)

cokes (present singular third-person)
coking (participle present)
coked (participle past)
coked (past)

In kerolox engines, some of the fuel flow cokes in the engine's cooling passages over time, requiring thorough cleaning prior to reuse.

(especially automotive, astronautics) To add deleterious carbon deposits as a byproduct of combustion.


coke

1909, from the name of the American company Coca-Cola and the beverage it produced; the drink was named for two of its original ingredients, coca leaves and cola nut.

(uncountable, informal) Alternative letter-case form of Coke (cola-based soft drink, especially Coca-Cola).

Coke

(countable, informal) Alternative letter-case form of Coke (a serving of cola-based soft drink, especially Coca-Cola).

Coke

(US, chiefly Southern US, New Mexico, informal) Alternative letter-case form of Coke (any soft drink, regardless of type).


duo

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From French duo or Italian duo, from Latin duo (“two”), from Proto-Italic *duō, from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁. Doublet of two, which was inherited via Proto-Germanic.

Two people who work or collaborate together as partners; especially, those who perform music together.


moo

moo (third-person singular simple present moos, present participle mooing, simple past and past participle mooed)

moos (present singular third-person)
mooing (participle present)
mooed (participle past)
mooed (past)

(intransitive) Of a cow or bull, to make its characteristic lowing sound.


division

en-noun

division (countable and uncountable, plural divisions)

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Middle English divisioun, from Old French division, from Latin dīvīsiō, dīvīsiōnem, noun of process form from perfect passive participle dīvīsus (“divided”), from dīvidō (“divide”). Doublet of divisio.

remainder left over if divisor does not divide dividend

(music) A florid instrumental variation of a melody in the 17th and 18th centuries, originally conceived as the dividing of each of a succession of long notes into several short ones.

(music) A set of pipes in a pipe organ which are independently controlled and supplied.


melody

From Middle English melodie, melodye, from Old French melodie, from Latin melodia, from Ancient Greek μελῳδίᾱ (melōidíā, “singing, chanting”), from μέλος (mélos, “musical phrase”) + ἀοιδή (aoidḗ, “song”), contracted form ᾠδή (ōidḗ).

der

There is a melody upon the Earth as though ten thousand streams all sang together for their homes that they had forsaken in the hills.

1905, Lord Dunsany [i.e., Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany], “The Sayings of Slid (whose Soul is by the Sea)”, in The Gods of Pegāna, London: [Charles] Elkin Mathews, […], →OCLC, page 15:

Slowly she turned round and faced towards a neat white bungalow, set some way back from the path behind a low hedge of golden privet. No light showed, but someone there was playing the piano. The strange elusiveness of the soft, insistent melody seemed to draw her forward.

1954, Alexander Alderson, chapter 1, in The Subtle Minotaur:

A sequence of notes that makes up a musical phrase


TV

en-noun

TV (countable and uncountable, plural TVs)

→ Thai: ทีวี (tii-wii)

→ Vietnamese: ti vi

(pop culture, music) Initialism of Taylor's Version.


lunar

From Middle English lunar (“shaped like the crescent moon”), from Latin lūnāris (“of or pertaining to the moon, lunar”) (possibly through Middle French lunaire (modern French lunaire (“lunar”)), from lūna (“the Moon; crescent shape”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to shine”)) + -is (suffix forming adjectives).

der

Alternative form: Lunar

lunar observations  a lunar eclipse

By two lunar obſervations the long[itude] was 9° 57′ 30″ E. agreeing within 37′ by the watch, though the day before the long. by moon and watch differed 2° 35′.

1774 September, “A Voyage towards the North Pole, Undertaken by His Majesty’s Command in 1773. By Constantine John Phipps. 4to. Nourse.”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume XLIV, London: Printed […], for D[avid] Henry, and sold by F[rancis] Newbery, […], →OCLC, paragraph 25, page 421, column 2:

Lunar eclipſes are not quite ſo complicated in theory, nor near ſo tedious and difficult in calculation, as ſolar ones. The latter are only apparent, the former really ſuch; that is, the Moon is really deprived of its light, and therefore muſt appear obſcured to all the inhabitants of the earth equally, by whom ſhe can be ſeen; whereas the Sun, not being deficient in light, will ever appear reſplendent to thoſe who do not happen to live on that part of the earth where the lunar ſhadows pass.

1782, Blith Hancock, “Section I. Of the Doctrine of Eclipses.”, in The Doctrine of Eclipses, both Solar and Lunar; Containing Short and Easy Precepts for Computing Solar and Lunar Eclipses. […], Norwich, Norfolk: Printed by J. Crouse, for the author, and sold by M. Booth, […], →OCLC, page 8:

You know nothing about fixing the lunar rays into a ſolid ſubſtance, but you muſt not therefore ſay that this is impoſſible. It can be done, and I can do it. Theſe rays, reduced to a ſubtle powder, and blown on the ſurface of the infant brain, ſtimulate it in future life, by their quality of pricking.

1783, “the Man of the People” [pseudonym; William Thomson], “I Leave the Service of the Apothecary, and Enter into that of the Lunar Sovereign”, in The Man in the Moon; or, Travels into the Lunar Regions, volume I, London: Printed for J[ohn] Murray, […], →OCLC, page 104:

The transformation of primitive lunar deities into solar or heavenly gods are often associated with the transfer of magical and priestly functions to the men and the development of male priesthoods. [...] Or again, in Peru, the official cult of the lunar deity at Cuzco was served by colleges of priestesses, while the service of the Sun-god was performed by male priests.

1927, Robert Briffault, “The Magical Origin of Queens”, in The Mothers: A Study of the Origins of Sentiments and Institutions, volume III, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, page 1:

Ahead the flanks of the Pennines gleamed faintly in the moonlight, looking as though they themselves were part of some dry and deserted lunar landscape.

1960 January, G. Freeman Allen, “"Condor"—British Railways' fastest freight train”, in Trains Illustrated, page 48:

Beyond Earth, the Moon is the only body in space that has been systematically sampled. [...] These samples were collected by the six U.S. Apollo and three U.S.S.R. Luna missions from known locations on the lunar surface. [...] Each Apollo landing increased in exploration complexity and returned even greater amounts of lunar samples.

1991, David Vaniman, John Dietrich, G. Jeffrey Taylor, Grant Heiken, “Exploration, Samples, and Recent Concepts of the Moon”, in Grant Heiken, David Vaniman, Bevan M. French, editors, Lunar Sourcebook: A User’s Guide to the Moon, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, section 2.1 (Lunar Exploration), page 5:

Of, pertaining to, or resembling the Moon (that is, Luna, the Earth's moon).

قَمَرِيّ

of, pertaining to, or resembling the Moon

Some of the Ancients, and likewiſe diuers of the Moderne VVriters, that haue laboured in Naturall Magick, have noted a Sympathy, between the Sunne, Moone, and ſome Principall Starres; And certaine Herbes, and Plants. And they haue denominated ſome Herbes Solar, and ſome Lunar; [...]

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “V. Century. [Experiments in Consort Touching the Sympathy and Antipathy of Plants.]”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC, paragraph 493, page 122:

(chiefly historical) (Believed to be) influenced by the Moon, as in character, growth, or properties.

lunaarinen

(believed to be) influenced by the Moon or the moon of another planet

On the Poison of Serpents. By W. Boag, Esq. [...] Supposing the fatal effect [of a snakebite] to be produced by the sudden subtraction of oxygen from the blood, this gentleman recommends, by way of antidote, the employment of those substances which contain oxygen in its greatest abundance, and part with it with the greatest facility; and, as lunar caustic [silver nitrate] possesses these properties in a singular degree, he concludes that no medicine is better calculated to resist the effects of the poison of serpents.

1805 April, “Art. V. Asiatic Researches, Vols. VI. and VII. …”, in The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal, Enlarged, volume XLVI, London: Printed by Strahan and Preston, […]; and sold by T[homas] Becket, […], published 1794, →OCLC, page 379:

(alchemy, chemistry, historical) Of or pertaining to silver (which was symbolically associated with the Moon by alchemists).

Several initial experimental firings of the various stages of Saturn V into earth orbit will precede the planned lunar flight. The astronauts will practice rendezvous techniques in the earth's orbit. [...] Before they reach the moon the astronauts will have another difficult maneuver to perform—turning their command module around so that its nose is attached to the top of the lunar excursion module. Two of the crew members will transfer from the command module to the lunar excursion module.

1963, L. L. Waite, “How We will Get to the Moon: Excerpt from a Speech by L. L. Waite, Senior Vice President, North American Aviation, Inc., before the Electronic Analysts of Boston”, in Skyline, volume 21, number 2, Pittsburgh, Pa.: North American Aviation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 20:

(astronomy) Of or pertaining to travel through space between the Earth and the Moon, or exploration and scientific investigation of the Moon.

kuu-

of or pertaining to travel though space between the Earth and the Moon, or exploration and scientific investigation of the Moon


lunar

[Y]oung beginners cannot be too often cautioned that a single lunar is of little or no value until the observer knows the usual difference between his lunars taken on opposite sides of the moon; and these should be taken with the same instrument, using the same screens and telescope, for he must remember that they may be expected to differ. My star lunars differ from three to four minutes, or say fifty miles of longitude; my sun lunars from one to two minutes, or say twenty minutes of longitude.

1859 October, Henry Toynbee, “A Few More Words on Lunars”, in The Nautical Magazine and Naval Chronicle: A Journal of Papers on Subjects Connected with Maritime Affairs, volume XXVIII, number 10, London: Simpkin, Marshall and Co. […]; and J. D. Potter, […], →OCLC, page 511:

With cheap quartz watches (several, for reliability) we can do all the modern celestial navigation we could want. But learning and practicing lunars gives us deeper insight into celestial navigation; an appreciation for their historical importance and difficulty; and perhaps most significant of all, after conquering lunars we can appreciate the great convenience of St. Hilaire sights and modern quartz watches. Moreover, in the rare event of losing UT, with lunars and only a poor watch we can still be confident of finding our longitude at sea (well, OK, to within 30′).

2007, John Karl, “Lunar Distance Sights”, in Celestial Navigation in the GPS Age, Arcata, Calif.: Paradise Cay Publications; Wichita, Kan.: Celestaire, →ISBN, pages 96–97:

(nautical, navigation) An observation of a lunar distance (“the angle between the Moon and another celestial body”), especially for establishing the longitude of a ship at sea.


genus

en-noun

genus (plural genera or (both nonstandard) genuses or genusses)

genera (plural)
genuses (nonstandard plural)
genusses (nonstandard plural)

→ Malayalam: ജീനസ് (jīnasŭ)

→ Swahili: jenasi

→ Thai: สกุล (sà-gun) (semantic loan)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁os
Latin genusbor.
English genus
Borrowed from Latin genus (“birth, origin, a race, sort, kind”) from the root gen- in Latin gignō (“to beget, produce”). Doublet of gender, genre, and kin.

genus

rank in a taxonomic classification between family and species

en:type of tuning or intonation in music

(music) A type of tuning or intonation, used within an Ancient Greek tetrachord.


petroleum

en-noun

petroleum (countable and uncountable, plural petroleums or petrolea)

From Medieval Latin petroleum, from petra (“rock”) + oleum (“oil”).

petroleum-based products

Coal and petroleum do not occur hap-hazard in nature, but the aggregate occurrence of each product in any region forms a definite, limited horizon, which, in its continuance, is independent of the bedding plane.

1940, William Plotts, Isogeotherm, Or Monist Theory of Stratified Mineral Occurrence and Origin, page 7:

A flammable liquid ranging in color from clear to very dark brown and black, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons, occurring naturally in deposits under the Earth's surface.


mint

From Middle English mynt, münet (“money, coin”), from Old English mynet (“coin”), from late Proto-West Germanic *munit, from Latin monēta (“place for making coins, coined money”), from the temple of Juno Moneta (named for Monēta mother of the Muses), where coins were made. Doublet of money and manat.
The verb is from the noun; Old English mynetian (“to mint”) is a parallel formation.

der

(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, slang) Attractive; beautiful; handsome.


mint

en-noun

mint (countable and uncountable, plural mints)

From Middle English mynte, from Old English minte (“mint plant”), from Proto-West Germanic *mintā (“mint”), from Latin menta, probably from a lost Mediterranean language either through Ancient Greek μίνθη (mínthē), μίνθα (míntha) or directly. Akin to Old Norse minta (“mint”). Doublet of mentha.

Any plant in the genus Mentha in the family Lamiaceae, typically aromatic with square stems.


grue

Blend of green + blue. The philosophy sense was coined by American philosopher Nelson Goodman in 1955 to illustrate concepts in the philosophy of science. The linguistic sense was coined by American linguist Paul Kay in 1975 as a translation from languages such as Welsh that have a basic cover term that covers both the hues called "green" and "blue" in English.

coinage

(linguistics) A single color inclusive of both green and blue as different shades, used in translations from languages such as old Welsh and Chinese that lacked a distinction between green and blue.

𑚝𑚯𑚥𑚭

linguistics: green or blue in languages that do not distinguish the two colors


CC

en-noun

CC (countable and uncountable, plural CCs)

(music, MIDI) Initialism of control change.


metre

en-verb

metre (third-person singular simple present metres, present participle metring, simple past and past participle metred)

metres (present singular third-person)
metring (participle present)
metred (participle past)
metred (past)

From Old English, from Latin metrum, from Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure, rule, length, size, poetic metre”).

der

(poetry, music) To put into metrical form.


dawn

en-verb

dawn (third-person singular simple present dawns, present participle dawning, simple past and past participle dawned)

dawns (present singular third-person)
dawning (participle present)
dawned (participle past)
dawned (past)

Back-formation from dawning. (If the noun rather than the verb is primary, the noun could directly continue dawing.) Compare daw (“to dawn”).

A new day dawns.

In the end of the Sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalene[…]to see the sepulchre.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew xxviii:1:

(intransitive) To begin to brighten with daylight.


decibel

A common measure of sound intensity ratio that is one tenth of a bel on the logarithmic intensity scale. It is defined as dB = ⅒log₁₀(P₁ / P₂), where P₁ and P₂ are the relative powers of the sound.


idea

en-noun

idea (plural ideas or (philosophy, rare) ideæ)

→ Japanese: アイディア (aidia), アイデア (aidea)

Borrowed from Latin idea (“a (Platonic) idea; archetype”), from Ancient Greek ἰδέα (idéa, “notion, pattern”), from εἴδω (eídō, “I see”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to know; see”). Cognate with French idée. Doublet of idée. Related to idol, idolum, and eidolon.

der

(music) A musical theme or melodic subject.


ta

Altered from si in the 19th century to prevent having two notes of the musical scale starting with the same letter, to become ti. vowel changed to 'a' to signify a flattened note.

(music) In solfège, the lowered seventh note of a major scale (the note B-flat in the fixed-do system): te.


protactinium

A chemical element (symbol Pa) with atomic number 91: a dense, silvery-gray actinide metal.


berkelium

After Berkeley, California, because of discovery at UC Berkeley, + -ium.

A transuranic chemical element (symbol Bk) with an atomic number of 97.


americium

en-noun

americium (usually uncountable, plural americiums)

/ˌæməˈɹɪsiəm/

From Americ(as) + -ium, by analogy with europium.

The chemical element (symbol Am) with an atomic number of 95.


thorium

thorium (usually uncountable, plural thoriums)

A chemical element (symbol Th) with atomic number 90: a weakly radioactive, malleable, moderately hard silvery metal that tarnishes black when exposed to air.


accentor

From Latin accentor (“one who sings with another”), from ad + cantor (“singer”), from canō (“sing”). Superficially accent + -or.

bor

(music, obsolete) One who sings the leading part; the director or leader.


accelerando

en-noun

accelerando (plural accelerandos or accelerandoes)

accelerandos (plural)
accelerandoes (plural)

/æksɛləˈɹændəʊ/

Borrowed from Italian accelerando, from Latin accelero.

(music) A tempo mark directing that a passage is to be played at an increasing speed.


accelerando

/æksɛləˈɹændəʊ/

(music) With a gradual increase in speed.


actinium

actinium (usually uncountable, plural actiniums)

Borrowed from French actinium. actin- + -ium.

A radioactive, metallic chemical element (symbol: Ac) with an atomic number of 89; found in uranium ores.


uranium

uranium (countable and uncountable, plural uraniums)

The element with atomic number 92 and symbol U: a radioactive silvery-grey metal in the actinide series.


natural

en-adj

natural (comparative more natural, superlative most natural)

more natural (comparative)
most natural (superlative)

/ˈnæt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/

From Middle English natural, borrowed from Old French natural, naturel, from Latin nātūrālis, from nātus, the perfect participle of nāscor (“be born”, verb). Displaced native Old English ġecynde. By surface analysis, nature + -al.

luonnollinen

that exists and evolved within the confines of an ecosystem

luonnollinen

having the character or sentiments properly belonging to one's position

Mr. Campion appeared suitably impressed and she warmed to him. He was very easy to talk to with those long clown lines in his pale face, a natural goon, born rather too early she suspected.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 5, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

Having an innate ability to fill a given role or profession, or display a specified character.

There's a wrong note here: it should be C natural instead of C sharp.

(music) Neither sharp nor flat. Denoted ♮.

Existing in nature.
Neither sharp nor flat. Denoted ♮.


natural

/ˈnæt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/

(music) A note that is not or is no longer to be modified by an accidental.

(music) The symbol ♮ used to indicate such a natural note.

natural:

An almost white colour, with tints of grey, yellow or brown; originally that of natural fabric.

Chinosole, who stopped straightening her hair and cut it into a natural while at a predominantly white college, was quite uneasy with the style

2002, Maxine Leeds Craig, Ain't I a Beauty Queen?: Black Women, Beauty, and the Politics of Race, Oxford University Press, →ISBN:

I wanted to do it for so long — throw out my chemically relaxed hair for a natural.

2012, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Chicken Soup for the African American Soul: Celebrating and Sharing Our Culture One Story at a Time, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:

Third, it insinuates that black afro hairstyles (e.g., naturals) relate to African cultural heritage, which is largely untrue.

2015, Carmen M. Cusack, HAIR AND JUSTICE: Sociolegal Significance of Hair in Criminal Justice, Constitutional Law, and Public Policy, Charles C Thomas Publisher, →ISBN, page 155:

(US, colloquial) A hairstyle for people with Afro-textured hair in which the hair is not straightened or otherwise treated.

> Nina Hartley ¶ 2, unattractive, square "steriod^([sic]) jaw", nice ass, FAKE breasts or small naturals, great sexual presence […] > Marilyn Monroe ¶ 7, decent body, medium NATURALS, stereotypical "godess^([sic])/playboy" blond/blue doesn't usually work for me, good sexual presence

1999 March 2, Mathew Alphonse Coppola, “Please rate these women...”, in rec.arts.movies.erotica (Usenet), retrieved 2021-10-18:

She's [Eva/Mercedes] a brunette European with a curvy natural body with nice tits. For that matter, there are lots of women in Rocco [Siffredi]'s vids with nice naturals.

2002 August 19, Jon Eric, “Great Tit Debate.......”, in rec.arts.movies.erotica (Usenet), retrieved 2021-10-18:

It isn't the big naturals on a little torso that do it for me, since that is not my thing.

2010 March 2, Miles Williams Mathis, “The Sexiest Women of the Screen: A Thinking Man's List”, in [personal website], archived from the original on 2010-09-23:

I’m really a good person with a good heart and I believe there is someone out there who will love me. Hopefully a Mexican hottie with big naturals.

2016 October 26, Stephen Falk, “The Seventh Layer”, in Wendey Stanzler, director, You're the Worst, season 3, episode 9 (television production), spoken by Vernon Barbara (Todd Robert Anderson), via FXX:

(slang, chiefly in plural) A breast which has not been modified by plastic surgery.


call

en-verb

call (third-person singular simple present calls, present participle calling, simple past and past participle called or (archaic) call'd)

calls (present singular third-person)
calling (participle present)
called (participle past)
called (past)
call'd (archaic participle past)
call'd (archaic past)
call (infinitive)

→ Kashubian: kolowac (United States)

From Middle English callen, from Old English ceallian (“to call, shout”) and Old Norse kalla (“to call; shout; refer to as; name”); both from Proto-Germanic *kalzōną (“to call, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *golH-so- (“voice, cry”), from *gel(H)- (“to vocalize, call, shout”).
cognates
* Scots call
* caw, ca (“to call, cry, shout”)
* Dutch kallen (“to chat, talk”),
* German kallen (“to call”) obsolete
* Swedish kalla (“to call, refer to, beckon”)
* Norwegian kalle (“to call, name”)
* Danish kalde (“to call, name”)
* Icelandic kalla (“to call, shout, name”)
* Welsh galw (“to call, demand”)
* Polish głos (“voice”)
* Lithuanian gal̃sas (“echo”)
* Russian голос (golos, “voice”)
* Albanian gjuhë (“language, tongue”).

meegaan

to match or equal the amount of poker chips in the pot as the player that bet

call a spade a spade and a shovel a shovel

call someone everything but a child of God

desperate times call for desperate measures

They called I Got Rhythm, and turned to me again for a solo, and I said what?

Jeff Castleman and Rufus Jones were in position when they went out, and he immediately called Satin Doll.

I thought he forgot all about it, but late in the set he called St. Louis Blues.

2015, Clyde E. B. Bernhardt, I Remember: Eighty Years of Black Entertainment, Big Bands, and the Blues, University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN, page 98:

(heading) To reach out with one’s voice.

(transitive, jazz) To request that one’s band play (a particular tune).


nobelium

a transuranic chemical element (symbol No) with an atomic number of 102.


lawrencium

From Lawrence + -ium; named for Ernest Lawrence.

A transuranic chemical element (symbol Lr, formerly Lw) with atomic number 103.


californium

From California + -ium. The element was first synthesized at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (then the University of California Radiation Laboratory), thus named after the university and the U.S. state of California.

A strongly radioactive and highly fissile transuranic chemical element (symbol Cf) with an atomic number of 98.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
californium


curium

From Curie + -ium; named after Pierre and Marie Curie.

A highly fissile transuranic chemical element (symbol Cm) with an atomic number of 96.


platinum

en-noun

platinum (countable and uncountable, plural platinums)

From Spanish platina (“little silver”) del Pinto ("of the Pinto") + -um. It was called "little" (or "lesser") silver because the metal was found as an impurity in gold, and del Pinto for the Pinto River in Grand Columbia where Europeans discovered it being mined by Native Americans.

The chemical element with atomic number 78 and symbol Pt; a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, silverish-white transition metal of great value.

(music, countable) A single or album that has achieved platinum sales, i.e. over 1 million or 2 million.

platinplade

recording that has achieved platinum sales


platinum

Of a musical recording that has sold over one million copies (for singles), or two million (for albums).


platinum

en-verb

platinum (third-person singular simple present platinums, present participle platinuming, simple past and past participle platinumed)

platinums (present singular third-person)
platinuming (participle present)
platinumed (participle past)
platinumed (past)

I platinumed in Clash of Clans yesterday.

(computer games) To attain all of the achievements in a game, on certain PlayStation consoles.


plutonium

en-noun

plutonium (usually uncountable, plural plutoniums)

After Pluto (the entity formerly considered to be a planet) + -ium.

For 75 years, it has fulfilled a wide range of roles: producing weapons-grade plutonium for early atomic weapons in the aftermath of the Second World War; the world's first commercial nuclear power station supplying electricity to the National Grid; reprocessing and storage of nuclear fuel; and the processing of lower grades of radioactive waste for off-site storage.

2023 December 27, Ben Jones, “Inside Sellafield... by rail”, in RAIL, number 999, page 20:

The transuranic chemical element with atomic number 94 and symbol Pu: a silvery-gray fissile radioactive actinide metal that tarnishes when exposed to air.


neptunium

From Neptune + -ium, after the planet. The previous element is uranium, named after the previous planet: Uranus.

The transuranic chemical element with atomic number 93 and symbol Np.


mendelevium

From Mendeleev + -ium; named after the scientist Dmitri Mendeleev, creator of the periodic table. The same name was proposed, but rejected, for the earlier-discovered elements berkelium and erbium.

(chemistry) A transuranic chemical element (symbol Md, formerly Mv) with atomic number 101.


fermium

From Fermi + -ium; named for Enrico Fermi.

A transuranic chemical element (symbol Fm) with an atomic number of 100.


einsteinium

From Einstein + -ium. Named after Albert Einstein.

Einsteinium, the 99th element of the periodic table, was discovered in the fallout of the first hydrogen bomb, detonated by the United States in the Marshall Islands on November 1, 1952.

2021 February 3, Becky Ferreira, “Scientists Just Studied a Dangerous Element Discovered in a 50s Nuke Test”, in VICE:

A transuranic chemical element (symbol Es) with atomic number 99: a soft, silvery, paramagnetic metal.


echo

en-verb

echo (third-person singular simple present echoes, present participle echoing, simple past and past participle echoed)

echoes (present singular third-person)
echoing (participle present)
echoed (participle past)
echoed (past)

From Middle English eccho, ecco, ekko, from Medieval Latin ecco, from Latin echo, from Ancient Greek ἠχώ (ēkhṓ), from ἠχή (ēkhḗ, “sound”). Possibly from the same Proto-Indo-European root as sough.

(intransitive) Of a sound or sound waves: to reflect off a surface and return; to reverberate or resound.


dord

Borrowed from Irish dord (“buzz, drone; dord”).

bor+

[…] there, after digging to a good depth, they find the Dord or great war-horn of Fionn, a blast on which brings “a flock of furious gigantic birds,” and a thigh of one of them is found to be as big as a sheep’s.

1869, “Folk-lore: Myths and Tales of Various Peoples”, in The London Quarterly & Holborn Review, volume 31, pages 62–63:

[…] the first album on which the dord and the didgeridoo could be heard together was entitled: ‘Two stories in One: (Natural Symphonies)’.

1994, Dirk Schellberg, Didgeridoo: Ritual Origins and Playing Techniques, →ISBN, page 46:

The dord, a form of horn with a sound like the Australian Aborigine’s didgeridoo, was clearly a sacred instrument of the Bronze Age […]

2002, Philip Carr-Gomm, Druid Mysteries: Ancient Wisdom for the 21st Century, →ISBN, page 64:

(music) A type of ancient Irish war-horn.


radium

en-noun

radium (countable and uncountable, plural radiums)

Borrowed from French radium, from rad(ioactif) (“radioactive”) + -ium (suffix used to form the names of metallic elements).

suffix

Madame [Marie] Curie, working with her distinguished husband, isolated and first traced to its true origin the source of the marvellous power which has thus commenced to revolutionise our philosophy of physics. This new element has appropriately been named "Radium;" but it has also been shown that there are many other, though less powerful, radio-active elements, details of which are recorded in the sequel. To be precise, radium, per se, has not yet been isolated as a metal, but only in the form of salts,—chlorides and bromides. [...] It is supposed that the molecules of radium (composed of similar atoms) during their decomposition into those of the gas helium, are also frittered down into heat and, in part, are liberated as radio-activity.

1902, Ernest Howard Adye, “Radio-active Elements”, in Frank Rutley, Mineralogy (Murby’s “Science and Art Department” Series of Text-books), 15th revised and corrected edition, London: Thomas Murby & Co., […], →OCLC, page 234:

The persistence of radio-activity on glass vessels which have contained radium is remarkable. Filters, beakers, and dishes used in the laboratory for operations with radium, after having been washed in the usual way, remain radio-active: a piece of blende screen held inside the beaker or other vessel immediately glowing with the presence of radium.

1903 April 2, William Crookes, “The Emanations of Radium”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science, volume 67, number 1744, London: Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, pages 522–523:

The object of this work is to determine how the radiums D, E, and F are separated from the substance known as radio-lead by certain chemical reactions. Recrystallisation of the nitrate from a neutral solution gradually removes the radium-F (polonium), which remains in the mother liquor, but does not appreciably influence the amounts of radiums D and E in the crystals.

1908, E. H[orton], “General and Physical Chemistry. [Radio-lead. Belá Szilard.]”, in J. C. Cain, editor, Journal of the Chemical Society. Abstracts of Papers on Physical, Inorganic, Mineralogical, Physiological, Agricultural, and Analytical Chemistry, volume XCIV, part II, London: Gurney & Jackson, […], →OCLC, page 141:

Radium is formed by the breaking up of atoms of another element called uranium, but radium shows this breaking up process in its own atoms more distinctly than does uranium or any other element we know, and it is this breaking up that gives radium its astonishing properties such as the production of heat, electricity, and wave motions in the ether which are similar to the wave motions which produce the sensation of light to our eyes.

1919 December, Henriette Boeckmann, “Bringing the Stars to the People: It’s Easy to Get on Familiar Terms with Other Worlds at Clark Observatory”, in Waldemar Kaempffert, editor, Popular Science Monthly, volume 95, number 5, New York, N.Y.: Modern Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, page 206, column 1:

As for myself, I had to devote again a great deal of time to the preparation of several decigrammes of very pure radium chloride. With this I achieved, in 1907, a new determination of the atomic weight of radium, and in 1910 I was able to isolate the metal.

1923, Marie Curie, “Autobiographical Notes: Marie Curie”, in Charlotte Kellogg, Vernon Kellogg, transl., Pierre Curie, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, chapter II, page 197:

Of the total, fifteen cases were treated surgically, seventeen by radium, one by a combination of the two methods, three by radium and X-ray, one by the Percy cautery, two by the cautery, and two by the cautery preceding the application of radium.

1923 September, Dewell Gann, “The Review of Forty Consecutive Cases of Carcinoma of the Cervix”, in The Urologic and Cutaneous Review, volume XXVII, number 9, St. Louis, Mo.: Urologic and Cutaneous Press, →OCLC, page 564, column 1:

As soon as it had been shown that skin burns could be caused by radium, medical men began to experiment in order to find out if malignant growths of the skin could be destroyed by the same agency. [...] Immense strides have been made in the technique of applying the radium to kill cancers.

1936, Wyndham E. B. Lloyd, “Radium”, in A Hundred Years of Medicine, London: Duckworth […], published 1939, part II (Scientific Discovery in the Last Hundred Years), page 208:

Well, remember how the children of the State Orphanage became mysteriously ill? The doctors diagnosed it as radium poisoning, but how it happened was a first class mystery to them. There's no radium factory within miles of the orphanage.

1940 May–June, Charles Nicholas [pseudonym; Charles Nicholas Cuidera], “Mass Murder by Radioactive Salt”, in The Blue Beetle, number 2, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.: Fox Feature Syndicate, →OCLC, column 1:

The U.S. radium dial painters of the 1920s comprised an early cohort of several thousand workers at increased risk of developing radiation induced cancers.

2010, Charles L. Sanders, “Accidents, Tests, and Incidents”, in Radiation Hormesis and the Linear-No-Threshold Assumption, Heidelberg, Dordrecht: Springer-Verlag, →DOI, →ISBN, page 43:

Even as X-rays vied with radium as the preferred tool for biological experimentation in later decades, [Hermann Joseph] Muller continued to rely on radium not only as a mutagen, but also as an important conceptual tool, seeing radium and life as somehow intimately connected analogically, discursively, evolutionarily, mechanistically, and metaphysically.

2015, Luis A. Campos, “Transmutations and Disintegrations”, in Radium and the Secret of Life, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 247:

alkaline earth metal
alkaline earth metal

The chemical element (symbol Ra) with an atomic number of 88. It is a soft, shiny and silvery radioactive alkaline earth metal.

radium

chemical element with an atomic number of 88


sulfur

en-noun

sulfur (usually uncountable, plural sulfurs)

From Middle English sulphur, borrowed from Anglo-Norman sulfre, from Latin sulfur, from sulpur itself of uncertain origin. Displaced Old English swefl and largely displaced brimstone.

sulphur

UK; no longer standard in scientific usage

ultra-low sulfur diesel, ultra-low sulphur diesel

(uncountable) A chemical element (symbol S) with an atomic number of 16.

sulfur:

(countable, uncountable) A yellowish green colour, like that of sulfur.

Coordinate term: yellow

Any of various pierid butterflies of the subfamily Coliadinae, especially the sulfur-coloured species.


sulfur

en-adj

sulfur (comparative more sulfur, superlative most sulfur)

more sulfur (comparative)
most sulfur (superlative)

Of a yellowish green colour, like that of sulfur.


sulfur

en-verb

sulfur (third-person singular simple present sulfurs, present participle sulfuring, simple past and past participle sulfured)

sulfurs (present singular third-person)
sulfuring (participle present)
sulfured (participle past)
sulfured (past)

(transitive) To treat with sulfur, or a sulfur compound, especially to preserve or to counter agricultural pests.


li

Altered from la, with the vowel changed to signify a raised note.

(music) In solfège, the raised sixth note of a major scale (the note A-sharp in the fixed-do system).


line

→ Scottish Gaelic: loidhne

From Middle English line, lyne, from Old English līne (“line, cable, rope, hawser, series, row, rule, direction”), from Proto-West Germanic *līnā, from Proto-Germanic *līnǭ (“line, rope, flaxen cord, thread”), from Proto-Germanic *līną (“flax, linen”), from Proto-Indo-European *līno- (“flax”).
Influenced in Middle English by Middle French ligne (“line”), from Latin linea. More at linen.
The oldest sense of the word is “rope, cord, thread”; from this the senses “path”, “continuous mark” were derived.

lyn

path through two or more points, threadlike mark

lyn

single horizontal row of text on a screen, printed paper, etc.

linja

measure of length, the main division of an inch or its local equivalent

A path through two or more points (compare ‘segment’); a continuous mark, including as made by a pen; any path, curved or straight.

(music) One of the straight horizontal and parallel prolonged strokes on and between which the notes are placed.

regel

music: one of the straight horizontal and parallel prolonged strokes on and between which the notes are placed

Students and the instructor sing the harmony line while the instructor plays the melody line on the piano.

2015, Mícheál Houlahan, Philip Tacka, Kodály in the Third Grade Classroom:

(music) A series of notes forming a certain part (such as the bass or melody) of a greater work.


igniferous

en-adj

igniferous (comparative more igniferous, superlative most igniferous)

more igniferous (comparative)
most igniferous (superlative)

/ɪɡˈnɪfəɹəs/

Near-synonyms: fire-breathing, flammivomous


moonrise

Venus now re-assembles her Choirs of Virgins at Moon-rise, and leads the Ball.

1742, Matthew Towers, transl., The Lyric Pieces of Horace, Dublin, Volume I, Ode III, p. 17:

Shooting, hunting, and cricket, were pursued with the eagerness of laborious occupations: often has he rambled about from day-break to moon-rise, in search of game; and then returned to Mr. ONiel’s, pale with fatigue, and sick with fasting.

1804, Anna Maria Porter, The Lake of Killarney, volume I, London: Longman & Rees, page 23:

Weena, I was glad to find, was fast asleep. I carefully wrapped her in my jacket, and sat down beside her to wait for the moonrise.

1895 May 7, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “Chapter 7”, in The Time Machine: An Invention, New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →OCLC:

1909, Edith Wharton, “The Mortal Lease” V, in Artemis to Actaeon and Other Verse, New York: Scribner’s, p. 41,
Do I not know, some wingèd things from far
Are borne along illimitable night
To dance their lives out in a single flight
Between the moonrise and the setting star?

Rain on Rahoon falls softly, softly falling
Where my dark lover lies.
Sad is his voice that calls me, sadly calling
At grey moonrise.

1917 November, James Joyce, “She Weeps over Rahoon”, in Poetry: A Magazine of Verse, volume XI, number II, page 71:

Moonrise over the hills above Settle.

2021 January 13, “Settle under starlight”, in Rail, page 37, photo caption:

The time of day or night when the moon begins to rise over the horizon.


SO

symphony orchestra
symphony orchestra#English

(music) Initialism of symphony orchestra.


augmentation

en-noun

augmentation (countable and uncountable, plural augmentations)

From Middle English augmentation, augmentacion, augmentacioun, from Old French augmentacion, from Latin augmentātiō, verbal noun from augmentō (“increase”, verb).

(music) A compositional technique where the composer lengthens the melody by lengthening its note values.


accompanist

First attested in 1833. From accompany + -ist.

(music) The performer in music who takes the accompanying part.

akkompagnatør

performer who takes the accompanying part


Vulcan

From Latin Vulcānus, probably from Etruscan although very unclear, but unknown meaning and further origin (see more in Latin entry). Doublet of bolcane and volcano.

A town in Vulcan County, southern Alberta, Canada.

A ghost town in Gunnison County, Colorado.


Vulcan

From Vulcan (etymology 1), from the Star Trek TV series of the 1960s.

language constructed
constructed language

A language constructed for the Star Trek franchise, spoken by the fictional Vulcan species.


twee

From a childish pronunciation of sweet. The Oxford English Dictionary records the first use in 1905 in Punch.

Even the wider world got its doses of twee sound, from the fluffy pop of Aztec Camera to the stylish bounce of the Railway Children.

2005 October 24, Nitsuh Abebe, “Twee as Fuck”, in Pitchfork:

Wang points out the very clear links between twee and queer culture, as many 90s twee bands “played alongside queercore bands like Team Dresch.[…]”

2022 January 25, katie tobin, quoting Ian Wang, “Clutch Your Pearls, the Indie Twee Aesthetic is Back”, in Vice:


segue

en-verb

segue (third-person singular simple present segues, present participle segueing, simple past and past participle segued)

segues (present singular third-person)
segueing (participle present)
segued (participle past)
segued (past)

Borrowed from Italian segue (“it follows”), from seguire (“to follow”), from Latin sequor; originally a term used in a musical score to indicate that the next movement or passage is to follow without a break. Cognate with Spanish seguir. Doublet of sue. Related to suit and sequence.

Beethoven’s symphonies effortlessly segue from one theme to the next.

(music) To make a smooth transition from one theme to another.


fire engine

A fire aboard TfW 175007, working a Holyhead-Cardiff Central service on February 8, closed the A483 road while five fire engines from Wrexham, Deeside, and Cheshire attended the scene.

2023 March 22, “Network News: Class 175s withdrawn for safety checks after fires”, in RAIL, number 979, page 13:

(firefighting, vehicles) A vehicle used by firefighters to pump water to fight a fire. Typically, a fire engine carries a supply of water and has the ability to connect to an external water supply.


funkadelic

en-adj

funkadelic (comparative more funkadelic, superlative most funkadelic)

more funkadelic (comparative)
most funkadelic (superlative)

/ˌfʌŋkəˈdɛlɪk/

It's more or less what we call funkadelic. It's a combination of R&B, psychedelic, and funky African-type beat.

1969, Steve Wonder (interview) in "Coming of Age at Motown" (2002)


spectrum

From Latin spectrum (“appearance, image, apparition”), from speciō (“look at, view”). Doublet of specter. See also scope.

bor

He punctuated his words with a look into my eyes that might have been read as threatening or menacing by anyone who was not on the spectrum. But I am on the spectrum, and so I stared back at him.

2022, Percival Everett, Dr. No, Influx Press (2023), page 110:

(psychology, education, usually with the) The autism spectrum.

(chemistry) The pattern of absorption or emission of radiation produced by a substance when subjected to energy (radiation, heat, electricity, etc.).

spektri

chemistry: a pattern of absorption or emission of radiation


ti

Coined by English music educator Sarah Anna Glover in 1812 as an alteration of si for her solmization, made so that every note of solfège would begin with a different letter, from Middle English si (“seventh degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales”), Italian si in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the initials of Latin Sāncte Iohannēs (“Saint John (the Baptist)”) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon.

der

(music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the seventh note of a major scale.


simultaneity

en-noun

simultaneity (countable and uncountable, plural simultaneities)

From simultane(ous) + -ity. Compare French simultanéité.

(music) More than one complete musical texture occurring at the same time. This first appeared in the music of Charles Ives, and is common in the music of Conlon Nancarrow, and others.


generator

/ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/

From Latin, from past participle of genero (“beget, father”).

One who, or that which, generates, begets, causes, or produces.

(music) The principal sound or sounds by which others are produced; the fundamental note or root of the common chord; -- see also generating tone.

(music) An interval that is repeatedly stacked to obtain other pitches in tuning systems or scales.


trumpeter

From trumpet + -er (occupational suffix) or + -er (agent noun suffix).


peat

peat (countable and uncountable, plural peats)

Late Middle English, from British Vulgar Latin peta, probably ultimately from a Celtic language such as an unattested Pictish or Brythonic source, in turn possibly from Proto-Brythonic *peθ (“portion, segment, piece”).

der

Soil formed of dead but not fully decayed plants found in bog areas, often burned as fuel.


fireball

/ˈfaɪəɹˌbɔl/

Chelyabinsk meteor
Nevada Test Site
Operation Upshot–Knothole

The noun is derived from fire (noun) + ball (noun). The adjective and verb are derived from the noun.

tulipallo

bag or ball filled with combustible material; (heraldry) charge depicting a disc-shaped bombshell

[T]here vvas ſuch a Tempeſt & thunder vvith great firebals of lightning, that the vault of the church brake, and halfe the Chancell vvas carried avvay.

1611, Iohn Speed [i.e., John Speed], The History of Great Britaine under the Conquests of yͤ Romans, Saxons, Danes and Normans. […], London: […] William Hall and John Beale, for John Sudbury and George Humble, […], →OCLC, book IX ([Englands Monarchs] […]), paragraph 26, page 616, column 1:

It is an obſervation of Seamen, That if a ſingle meteor or fireball falls on their maſt, it portends ill luck; but if tvvo come together (vvhich they count Caſtor and Pollux) they preſage good ſucceſſe: […]

1642, Thomas Fuller, “The Good Wife”, in The Holy State, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] Roger Daniel for John Williams, […], →OCLC, book I, paragraph 2, page 2:

An emanation of St. Elmo's fire; also (later), of ball lightning.


tar

en-noun

tar (countable and uncountable, plural tars)

From Middle English ter, terr, tarr, from Old English teoru, from Proto-West Germanic *teru, from Proto-Germanic *terwą (compare Saterland Frisian Taar, West Frisian tarre, tar, Dutch teer, German Teer), from Proto-Indo-European *derwo- (compare Welsh derw (“oaks”), Lithuanian dervà (“pinewood, resin”), Russian де́рево (dérevo, “tree”), Bulgarian дърво́ (dǎrvó, “tree”)), from *dóru (“tree”). More at tree.

(uncountable) Black tar, a form of heroin.


tar

A Persian long-necked, waisted string instrument, shared by many cultures and countries in the Middle East and the Caucasus.


tar

A single-headed round frame drum originating in North Africa and the Middle East.


crook

From Middle English croke, crok, from Old English *crōc (“hook, bend, crook”), from Proto-West Germanic *krōk, from Proto-Germanic *krōkaz (“bend, hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *greg- (“tracery, basket, bend”).
Cognate with Dutch kreuk (“a bend, fold, wrinkle”), Middle Low German kroke, krake (“fold, wrinkle”), Danish krog (“crook, hook”), Swedish krok (“crook, hook”), Icelandic krókur (“hook”).

der

(music) A small tube, usually curved, applied to a trumpet, horn, etc., to change its pitch or key.


produce

en-verb

produce (third-person singular simple present produces, present participle producing, simple past and past participle produced)

produces (present singular third-person)
producing (participle present)
produced (participle past)
produced (past)

/pɹəˈd͡ʒuːs/

From Middle English produce, from Latin prōdūcō (“to lead forth”), from prō- (“forth, forward”) + dūcō (“to lead, bring”). The noun is derived from the verb.

highly produced sound

(music) To alter using technology, as opposed to simply performing.


hook

sometimes in Northern England and Ireland, otherwise obsolete

From Middle English hoke, from Old English hōc, from Proto-West Germanic *hōk, from Proto-Germanic *hōkaz, variant of *hakô (“hook”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kog-, *keg-, *keng- (“peg, hook, claw”).
Cognates
Compare West Frisian heak, Dutch haak (“hook”)) (compare West Frisian/Dutch hoek (“hook, angle, corner”), Low German Hook, Huuk); also related to hake.

The song's hook snared me.

Guitarist Jade Puget and vocalist Davey Havok have distilled AFI’s strengths (a ferocious, post-hardcore rhythmic backbone; goth-tinctured, post-punky guitars; and Havok’s desperate, dramatic croon) into 14 taut, hook-driven songs.

2017 January 20, Annie Zaleski, “AFI sounds refreshed and rejuvenated on its 10th album, AFI (The Blood Album)”, in The A.V. Club:

(music) A catchy musical phrase which forms the basis of a popular song.


wind instrument

en-noun

wind instrument (plural wind instruments)

Coordinate term: stringed instrument

(music) Any musical instrument that produces sound when air flows through it.


flammable

en-adj

flammable (comparative more flammable, superlative most flammable)

more flammable (comparative)
most flammable (superlative)

Back-formation from inflammable, which is used to avoid confusion with non-flammable, as the prefix in- is often used to mean "un-; non-", although it was originally meant in a sense closely related to en-.


aqua

aqua (comparative more aqua, superlative most aqua)

more aqua (comparative)
most aqua (superlative)

From Middle English aqua (“water”), borrowed from Latin aqua. Perhaps also a learned borrowing directly from Latin. Doublet of ea, Eau, eau, and yeo.


Christmas tree

Wellheads, which support downhole tubing, casing, and other components, are connected at the top of wells to Christmas trees, which control production rates and fluid flows out of the well and may also direct fluids and equipment into the well

2011, Robert Heidersbach, Metallurgy and Corrosion Control in Oil and Gas Production, →ISBN, page 232:

(oil industry jargon) The collection of valves sometimes found at the top of a working oil well.


combustion

en-noun

combustion (countable and uncountable, plural combustions)

From Old French combustion, from Latin combustio, from comburere (“to burn”), itself from the intensifying prefix com- + the root burere (a faulty sep. of amburere "to burn around", itself from ambi- + urere "to burn, singe"); equivalent to combust + -ion.

(chemistry) The act or process of burning.


harp

From Middle English harpe, from Old English hearpe (“harp”), from Proto-West Germanic *harpā, from Proto-Germanic *harpǭ (“harp”). Cognate with Scots hairp (“harp”), West Frisian harpe, harp (“harp”), Low German Harp (“harp”), Dutch harp (“harp”), German Harfe (“harp”), Danish harpe (“harp”), Swedish harpa (“harp”).

The Harpe. […] A harper with his wreſt maye tune the harpe wrong / Mys tunying of an Inſtrument ſhal hurt a true ſonge

1568, William Cornishe [i.e., William Cornysh], “In the Fleete Made by Me William Cornishe otherwise Called Nyshwhete Chapelman with the Most Famose and Noble Kyng Henry the VII. His Reygne the XIX. Yere the Moneth of July. A Treatise betwene Trouth, and Information.”, in John Skelton, edited by J[ohn] S[tow], Pithy Pleasaunt and Profitable Workes of Maister Skelton, Poete Laureate, Imprinted at London: In Fletestreate, neare vnto Saint Dunstones Churche by Thomas Marshe, →OCLC; republished as Pithy Pleasaunt and Profitable Workes of Maister Skelton, Poete Laureate to King Henry the VIIIth, London: Printed for C. Davis in Pater-noster Row, 1736, →OCLC, page 290:

(music) A musical instrument consisting of a body and a curved neck, strung with strings of varying length that are stroked or plucked with the fingers and are vertical to the soundboard when viewed from the end of the body

Any instrument of the same musicological type.

(music, colloquial) Any musical instrument.

A struck tuned percussion instrument of metal or wooden bars, especially as a function of a theatre organ.


scalar

Borrowed from Latin scālāris, adjectival form from scāla (“a flight of steps, stairs, staircase, ladder, scale”), for *scadla, from scandere (“to climb”); compare scale. The mathematics sense was coined by Irish mathematician and astronomer William Rowan Hamilton in 1846.

coin

(music) Of or pertaining to a musical scale.


antique white

en-noun

antique white (countable and uncountable, plural antique whites)

antique white:


tangent

Borrowed from Latin tangentem, the accusative of tangēns (“touching”) (in the phrase līnea tangēns (“a touching line”)), the present participle of the verb tangō (“touch”, verb), from Proto-Italic *tangō, from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂g- (“to touch”).
Cognate with Old English þaccian (“to touch lightly, pat, stroke”). More at thack, thwack.

cog

(music) A small metal blade in a clavichord that strikes the strings to produce sound.


staff

en-noun

staff (countable and uncountable, plural staffs or staves or staff)

staffs (plural)
staves (plural)
staff (plural)

Token (railway signalling)#Staff and ticket

→ French: staff

→ Italian: staff

→ Japanese: スタッフ (sutaffu)

→ Korean: 스태프 (seutaepeu)

→ Malay: staf

→ Portuguese: stafe

→ Spanish: staff

From Middle English staf, from Old English stæf (“letter of the alphabet”), from Proto-West Germanic *stab, from Proto-Germanic *stabaz. Cognate with Dutch staf, German Stab, Swedish stav.
Sense of "group of military officers that assists a commander" and similar meanings, attested from 1702, is influenced by or is even from German Stab.

inh

(music, plural staffs or staves) A series of horizontal lines on which musical notes are written; a stave.

balk

music: horizontal lines on which notes are written


yellowish

From Middle English ȝelowisch; equivalent to yellow + -ish.


Rhodes

en-proper noun

Rhodes (countable and uncountable, plural Rhodeses)

From rodes, the plural form of Middle English rode, from Old English rod, rodu.
The Rh- form—a 16th century spelling modification— was created by analogy with the unrelated Rhodes, Greece.

Vermillion County
Vermillion County#English

A number of places in the United States:

An unincorporated community in Clinton Township, Vermillion County, Indiana.

An unincorporated community in Bentley Township, Gladwin County, Michigan; named for Murry Bentley Rhodes.

census-designated place
census-designated place

A census-designated place in Flathead County, Montana.


jet

en-adj

jet (comparative jetter or more jet, superlative jettest or most jet)

jetter (comparative)
more jet (comparative)
jettest (superlative)
most jet (superlative)

From Middle English get, geet, gete, from a northern form of Old French jayet, jaiet, gaiet, from Latin gagātēs, from Ancient Greek Γαγάτης (Gagátēs), from Γάγας (Gágas, “a town and river in Lycia”). Doublet of gagate.

All the direct blacks require working in strong baths to give anything like black shades; they all have, more or less, a bluish tone, which can be changed to a jetter shade by the addition of a yellow or green dye in small proportions, which has been done in one of the recipes given above.

1901, Franklin Beech, The Dyeing of Cotton Fabrics: A Practical Handbook for the Dyer and Student:

She was an ash blonde with greenish eyes, beaded lashes, hair waved smoothly back from ears in which large jet buttons glittered.

1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin, published 2011, page 23:


crash

From Middle English crasshen, crasschen, craschen (“to break into pieces”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a variant of earlier *crasken, from crasen (“to break”) + -k (formative suffix); or from earlier *craskien, *craksien, a variant of craken (“to crack, break open”) (for form development compare break, brask, brash).

suffix

The piece ended in a crescendo, building up to a crash of cymbals.

After the lightning came the crash of thunder.

A sudden, intense, loud sound, as made for example by cymbals.


nasheed

Borrowed from Arabic نَشِيد (našīd, “chant”).

A song, often Islamic, consisting of vocals either sung a cappella or accompanied by percussion instruments.


discharge

en-verb

discharge (third-person singular simple present discharges, present participle discharging, simple past and past participle discharged)

discharges (present singular third-person)
discharging (participle present)
discharged (participle past)
discharged (past)

/dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/

/ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ/

/dɪsˈtʃɑɹdʒ/

/ˈdɪstʃɑɹdʒ/

-ɪstʃɑː(ɹ)dʒ

From Middle English dischargen, from Old French deschargier (“to unload”), from Late Latin discarricāre (“unload”). By surface analysis, dis- + charge.

GWR plans to use it on the Greenford branch in west London, making use of a fast charger at West Ealing that will charge the batteries in just three and a half minutes. This fast charger is essentially a battery installed at the lineside which is trickle-charged from the electricity grid. It can then discharge quickly into the train's batteries through charging rails and then start recharging itself while the train is running in service.

2024 March 6, “Network News: GWR '230' sets UK battery record”, in RAIL, number 1004, page 13:

(electricity) To release (an accumulated charge).

разреждам

electricity: to release an accumulated charge


vocalist

→ Japanese: ボーカリスト (bōkarisuto)

lead vocalist

amateur vocalist

talented vocalist


last night

We partied last night.

during the previous day’s nighttime; during the night before today (This entry is a translation hub.)

vannacht

used to both last night and coming night

heute Nacht

after midnight; can also mean the coming night, depending on tense


songster

From Middle English songster, sangester, sangstere, from Old English sangestre (“a female singer; songstress”), equivalent to song + -ster. Cognate with Scots sangstar (“singer; songster”). Compare also West Frisian sjongster (“singer; female singer; vocalist”).

cog

A man who sings songs, especially as a profession; a male singer.


songstress

From songster + -ess. Compare West Frisian sjongeres (“songstress”), Dutch zangeres (“songstress”).


gasoline

en-noun

gasoline (usually uncountable, plural gasolines)

→ Japanese: ガソリン (gasorin)

→ Korean: 가솔린 (gasollin)

desctree

→ Spanish: gasolina
→ Bikol Central: gasolina
→ Cebuano: gasolina
→ Hiligaynon: gasolina
→ Tagalog: gasolina
→ Zoogocho Zapotec: gasolin

→ Wu: 隑斯林／𬮿斯林 (⁶ge-sy-lin)

From Cazeline (possibly influenced by Gazeline, the name of an Irish copy), a brand of petroleum-derived lighting oil, from the surname of the man who first marketed it in 1862, John Cassell, and the suffix –eline. The name Cassell is from Anglo-Norman castel (cognate of English castle), from Old French castel, from Latin castellum, diminutive of castrum. The suffix -eline is from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion, “oil, olive oil”), from ἐλαία (elaía, “olive”). Gasolene is found from 1863, and gasoline from 1864.

der

[…] naphtha of specific gravity exceeding eighty degrees […] and of the kind usually known as gasoline, shall be subject to a tax of five per centum ad valorem.

1864, Congress of the United States, Internal Revenue Act §94:

So you punched out a window for ventilation. Was that before or after you noticed you were standing in a lake of gasoline?

Localities across New Jersey imposed curfews to prevent looting. In Monmouth, Ocean and other counties, people waited for hours for gasoline at the few stations that had electricity. Supermarket shelves were stripped bare.

2012 October 31, David M. Halbfinger, “New Jersey Continues to Cope with Hurricane Sandy”, in New York Times, retrieved 2012-10-31:

(uncountable, Canada, US, Philippines) A flammable liquid consisting of a mixture of refined petroleum hydrocarbons, mainly used as a motor fuel; petrol.


walnut

From Middle English walnote, walnutte, walnotte, from Old English wealhhnutu (“walnut”, literally “foreign nut”), from Proto-Germanic *walhaz (“foreigner”) + *hnuts (“nut”). Cognate with Dutch walnoot, German Walnuss, Swedish valnöt, Icelandic valhneta. Compare more recent term Welsh onion, which also uses Welsh to mean “foreign”.

inh

Having a dark brown colour, the colour of walnut wood.


tomorrow night

During the night of the day after the present day.


tomorrow night

The night of the day after the present day.


switch

→ Gulf Arabic: سويچ (swīč)

→ German: Switch

Perhaps from Middle Dutch swijch (“twig”). First attested in c. 1592.

камута́тар

system allowing the interconnection of telephone lines


seventeenth

(music) An interval of two octaves and a third.


almond

en-noun

almond (countable and uncountable, plural almonds)

From Middle English almond, almaund, from Old French almande, amande, from Vulgar Latin *amendla, *amandula, from Latin amygdala, from Ancient Greek ἀμυγδάλη (amugdálē), of uncertain origin. Influenced by amandus and by many European words of Arabic origin beginning with the Arabic definite article Arabic ال (al-). Compare Spanish almóndiga and Portuguese almôndega (“meatball”) from Andalusian Arabic البُنْدُقَة (“hazelnut”). Doublet of amygdala, amygdale, and mandorla.

doublet

Other plants that produce almond-like nuts:

bitter almond. of variety Prunus amygdalus var. amara, (syn. Prunus dulcis var. amara), that only produces bitter fruits

Prunus japonica, flowering almond, an ornamental shrub in family Rosaceae

Prunus andersonii, desert almond, a North American shrub in family Rosaceae

Prunus fasciculata, desert range almond or wild almond, North American shrub in family Rosaceae

Terminalia catappa, Indian almond or tropical almond, in family Combretaceae

Terminalia catappa
Terminalia catappa#Translingual

Brabejum stellatifolium or bitter almond, in family Proteaceae

almond:

(uncountable) The colour of the kernel of an almond without its shell and thin seed coat, a creamy off-white colour.


loud

en-noun

loud (countable and uncountable, plural louds)

From Middle English loude, loud, lud, from Old English hlūd (“loud, noisy, sounding, sonorous”), from Proto-West Germanic *hlūd, from Proto-Germanic *hlūdaz, *hlūþaz (“heard”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewtos (“heard, famous”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew- (“to hear”). More at listen.
Cognates
Akin to Scots loud, lowd (“loud”), Swedish ljud, West Frisian lûd (“loud”), Dutch luid (“loud”), Low German lud (“loud”), German laut (“loud”), Irish clú (“repute”), Welsh clywed (“heard”), clod (“praise”), Latin laudare (“praise”), Tocharian A/B klots/klautso 'ear', klyostär 'heard', Ancient Greek κλυτός (klutós, “famous”), Albanian quaj (“to name, call”), shquar (“famous, notorious”), Old Armenian լու (lu, “the act of hearing”), Old Church Slavonic слава (slava, “glory”), слово (slovo, “word”), Sanskrit श्रव (śráva, “glory”).

cog

The expander doesn't really make the louds louder and the softs softer in one step […]

2012, Sam McGuire, Paul Lee, The Video Editor's Guide to Soundtrack Pro, page 103:

(colloquial) A loud sound or part of a sound.


clap

From Middle English clappen, from Old English clæppan, from Proto-Germanic *klappōną. Cognate with Dutch klappen, Icelandic klappa, Faroese klappa and Danish klappe.

The deafening claps of thunder and the dazzling flashes of lightning which lit up the ghastly scene testified that the artillery of heaven had lent its supernatural pomp to the already gruesome spectacle.

1922 February, James Joyce, “[[Episode 12: The Cyclops]]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

Off in the distance, he heard the clap of thunder.

Give the door such a clap, as you go out, as will shake the whole room.

1731 (date written, published 1745), Jonathan Swift, “Directions to Servants”, in Thomas Sheridan, John Nichols, editors, The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, […], new edition, volume XVI, London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], published 1801, →OCLC:

Any loud, sudden, explosive sound made by striking hard surfaces together, or resembling such a sound.

“Oh! get some coo clap (cow dung), mix it wi’ fish oil (whale oil), put it on, and let it stop on all neet.”

1890, John Nicholson, Folk Lore of East Yorkshire, page 139:

(Yorkshire) A dropping of cow dung (presumably from the sound made as it hits the ground)


hip-hop

(music) A form of popular and dance music featuring strong percussion and a powerful rhythm, usually accompanied by rapping.


rust

en-noun

rust (countable and uncountable, plural rusts)

From Middle English rust, rost, roust, from Old English rust, rūst (“rust”), from Proto-West Germanic *rust, from Proto-Germanic *rustaz (“rust”), from Proto-Indo-European *rudʰso- (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”).
Cognate with Scots roust (“rust”), Saterland Frisian rust (“rust”), West Frisian roast (“rust”), Dutch roest (“rust”), German Rost (“rust”), Danish rust (“rust”), Swedish rost (“rust”), Norwegian rust, ryst (“rust”), Finnish ruoste, Estonian rooste. Related to red.

ҡыҙғылт көрән

qıźğılt körən

front-runner-itis runs: rust: myrtle rust

copper rust

A similar substance based on another metal.


rust

en-verb

rust (third-person singular simple present rusts, present participle rusting, simple past and past participle rusted)

rusts (present singular third-person)
rusting (participle present)
rusted (participle past)
rusted (past)

From Middle English rusten, from the noun (see above).

It's very common for black cats to rust during the summer.

(intransitive) Of a black cat or its fur, to turn rust-coloured following long periods of exposure to sunlight.


lava

en-noun

lava (countable and uncountable, plural lavas)

From Italian, from Neapolitan lava (“lava”, but also “downpour overflowing the streets”). Likely in the sense of “landslide, torrent” from Latin labes (“fall”), compare labina (“avalanche, landslide”). A supposed relation with lavare (“to wash”) is now widely discredited. Neither is there probably any relation with Arabic لابة (lāba, “black volcanic rock”).

noncog

The molten rock ejected by a volcano from its crater or fissured sides; magma that has breached the surface of the earth.


heat

en-noun

heat (countable and uncountable, plural heats)

From Middle English hete, from Old English hǣtu, from Proto-West Germanic *haitī, from Proto-Germanic *haitį̄ (“heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *keHy- (“heat; hot”). Cognate with Scots hete (“heat”), North Frisian hiet (“heat”), Old High German heizī (“heat”). Related also to Dutch hitte (“heat”), German Hitze (“heat”), Swedish hetta (“heat”), Icelandic hiti (“heat”).

op hitte

condition where a mammal is aroused sexually or where it is especially fertile

Heat and temperature, although different, are intimately related. [...] For example, suppose you added equal amounts of heat to equal masses of iron and aluminum. How do you think their temperatures would change?[…]if the temperature of the iron increased by 100 C°, the corresponding temperature change in the aluminum would be only 48 C°.

2007, James Shipman, Jerry Wilson, Aaron Todd, An Introduction to Physical Science: Twelfth Edition, pages 106–108:

Heat limits the length and intensity of ship-to-ship combat. Starships generate enormous s'heat' when they fire high-energy weapons, perform maneuvering burns, and run on-board combat electronics.
In combat, warships produce heat more quickly than they can disperse it. As heat builds within a vessel, the crewed spaces become increasingly uncomfortable. Before the heat reaches lethal levels, a ship must win or retreat by entering FTL. After an FTL run, the ships halts, shuts down non-essential systems, and activates the heat radiation gear.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →ISBN, →OCLC, PC, scene: Space Combat: Combat Endurance Codex entry:

Energy has seldom been found where we need it when we want it. Ancient nomads, wishing to ward off the evening chill and enjoy a meal around a campfire, had to collect wood and then spend time and effort coaxing the heat of friction out from between sticks to kindle a flame.

2013 July-August, Henry Petroski, “Geothermal Energy”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 4:

This furnace puts out 5000 BTUs of heat. That engine is really throwing off some heat. Removal of heat from the liquid caused it to turn into a solid.


violon

(music) A kind of organ stop producing a string-like sound.


se

(music) A type of ancient Chinese plucked zither.


firefighter

From fire + fighter. Created as a gender-neutral term for fireman and firewoman.

(firefighting) A person who has been trained to put out fires.


belt

→ Afrikaans: belt

→ Assamese: বেল্ট (belto)

→ Bengali: বেল্ট (belṭo)

→ Dutch: belt

→ Hindi: बेल्ट (belṭ)

→ Irish: beilt

→ Japanese: ベルト (beruto)

→ Odia: ବେଲ୍ଟ୍ (belṭ)

→ Urdu: بیلٹ (belṭ)

→ Welsh: belt

From Middle English belt, from Old English belt (“belt, girdle”), from Proto-West Germanic *baltī̆, from Proto-Germanic *baltijaz (“girdle, belt”), from Latin balteus (“belt, sword-belt”), of Etruscan origin. Cognate with Scots belt (“belt”), Dutch belt, German Balz (“belt”), Danish bælte (“belt”), Swedish bälte (“belt, cincture, girdle, zone”) and Icelandic belti (“belt”).

cog

Both auditionees had great ranges but Diamond had the strong belt we really need for the finale.

As previously mentioned, there was unexpected behavior in laryngeal lowering for belt in several singers and unchanged laryngeal height for two, as well as stable opening or widening of the pharyngeal walls, which must be investigated further.

1999, Jeannette Lovetri, Susan Lesh, Peak Woo, “Preliminary Study on the Ability of Trained Singers to Control the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Laryngeal Musculature”, in Journal of Voice, volume 13, number 2, →DOI, page 226:

In Clara's furious rant in Act II, Allsun broke out of her soprano into a belt, which made perfect sense in the moment.

2018, Norman Spivey, Mary Saunder Barton, Cross-Training in the Voice Studio: A Balancing Act, Plural Publishing, →ISBN, page 57:

(music) A vocal tone produced by singing with chest voice above the break (or passaggio), in a range typically sung in head voice.


bari

A basic 17-piece jazz orchestra never uses more than one bari; to see four lined up in a row you'd usually have to go to an instrument repair shop.

2000 November 24, Neil Tesser, “Baritone Nation”, in Chicago Reader:

(colloquial, music) A baritone saxophone

(colloquial, barbershop music) A baritone (singer)


bang

From Middle English *bangen, from Old English *bangian or borrowed from Old Norse banga (“to pound, hammer”); both from Proto-Germanic *bangōną (“to beat, pound”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰen- (“to beat, hit, injure”). Cognate with Scots bang, bung (“to strike, bang, hurl, thrash, offend”), Icelandic banga (“to pound, hammer”), Old Swedish bånga ("to hammer"; whence modern Swedish banka (“to knock, pound, bang”)), Danish banke (“to beat”), bengel (“club”), Low German bangen, bangeln (“to strike, beat”), West Frisian bingel, bongel, Dutch bengel (“bell; rascal”), German Bengel (“club”), bungen (“to throb, pulsate”).
In the sense of a fringe of hair, from bang off.
In the sense of abrupt left turn, from Boston left and associated risk of a crash.

gl

"to hammer"; whence modern Swedish <i class="Latn mention" lang="sv">banka</i> (“to knock, pound, bang”)

Audio (US)

He pointed his finger at her like a gun and said, “Bang!”

Bang! Away he goes with a mighty bound. Leo has missed him. Bang! right under him again. Now for a shot. I must have one, though he is going like an arrow, and a hundred yards away and more.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

“Just like parade it had been a minute before then stumble, bang, swish! Wiped out!” he said.

1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 84:

Serve him right. Transgression—punishment—bang! Pitiless, pitiless.

1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 215:

We help to kill the bloody bandits. Bang, bang, bang.

1956, Anthony Burgess, Time for a Tiger (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 17:

A sudden percussive sound, such as made by the firing of a gun, slamming of a door, etc.


saxophonist

They enjoyed music from a live saxophonist during the journey before visiting Braintree Town Hall for refreshments and Christmas cake.

2021 December 29, “Network News: Music train for dementia sufferers”, in RAIL, number 947, page 19:

A person who owns, plays or practices with the saxophone.

սաքսոֆոնահար

person who plays or practices with the saxophone


becquerel

Borrowed from French becquerel. Named after the French physicist Henri Becquerel.

International System of Units
International System of Units

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of radioactive activity; the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second. Symbol: Bq


nuclear

en-noun

nuclear (countable and uncountable, plural nuclears)

From Latin nū̆cleus, a contraction of the adjective nuculeus, masculine of feminine nuculea (“pertaining to a small nut”) from nucula + adjectival suffix -eus, -ea, -eum. The Latin nucula + -āris adds up to nuculāris, a term that in English becomes nucular; the Latin nuculea + -āris, becomes Latin nuculeāris (“relative to what pertains to small nut”), later contracted into nuclear. By surface analysis, nucle(us) + -ar = nucle- + -ar. Compare muscle and Latin mūsculus; muscular and mūsculāris.

cog

The growth in wind capacity at first lagged behind the expansion of nuclear installations, but then it started to grow faster and is now outpacing nuclear.

2015, Vital Signs Volume 22: The Trends That Are Shaping Our Future, The Worldwatch Institute:


guitarist

kitarist

person playing or performing on the guitar


pianist

From French pianiste, from Italian pianista. Analyzable as piano + -ist.

By the time she became the world's greatest pianist, she had already practised for thousands of hours on her prized piano.

(music) A person who plays the piano, particularly with skill or as part of an orchestra.


negro

Borrowed from Spanish and Portuguese negro (“black”), from Latin nigrum (“shiny black”), of uncertain origin, but possibly from Proto-Indo-European *negʷ- (“bare; night”). Doublet of noir.

der

The negroes believe that its presence has a sanitary effect upon their cattle […]

1867, Mayne Reid, Quadrupeds: what they are and where found, page 141:

What Peter said was true but she hated to hear it from a negro and a family negro, too. Not to stand high in the opinion of one's servants was a humiliating a thing as could happen to a Southerner.

1936 June 30, Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC; republished New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, 1944, →OCLC, part IV, page 675:

There were two negros who were guilty of thieving; he went and had them both shot, and gave notice that he would put all to death who kept disturbing the property of the white people, and kept confusion in their land.

2003, Benjamin Hawkins, Howard Thomas Foster, The Collected Works of Benjamin Hawkins, 1796–1810, page 259:

His parents had always said that the area he grew up in had been a nice place to live before 'those Negros invaded'.

(dated, now offensive) A person of Black African ancestry.


joule

Named after English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818–1889). The surname is a variant of Joel.

named-after

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of energy, work and heat; the work required to exert a force of one newton for a distance of one metre. Equivalent to one watt of power for a duration of one second. Symbol: J


sievert

From Swedish Sievert. Named after the Swedish radiologist Rolf Sievert.

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of radiation dose; the dose received in one hour at a distance of 1 cm from a point source of 1 mg of radium in a 0.5 mm thick platinum enclosure. Symbol: Sv


noise

en-noun

noise (countable and uncountable, plural noises)

From Middle English noyse, noise, from Old French noise (“a dispute, wrangle, strife, noise”), of uncertain origin. According to some, from Latin nausia, nausea (“disgust, nausea”); according to others, from Latin noxia (“hurt, harm, damage, injury”); but neither explanation is satisfactory in regard to either form or sense.

der

(music) A genre of rock music that uses static and other non-musical sounds, also influenced by art rock.

bruomuziko

genre of rock music using non-musical sounds


noise

en-verb

noise (third-person singular simple present noises, present participle noising, simple past and past participle noised)

noises (present singular third-person)
noising (participle present)
noised (participle past)
noised (past)

Those terrours, which thou speak'st of, did me none ;
I never fear'd they could, though noising loud
And threatening nigh

1667, John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

(intransitive) To make a noise; to sound.


turnaround

en-noun

turnaround (countable and uncountable, plural turnarounds)

(music) A cadence linking the end of a verse to the beginning of the next.

(music) The notation for the addition of a grace note above then below a given note.


serpent

From Middle English serpent, from Old French serpent (“snake, serpent”), from Latin serpēns (“snake”), present active participle of serpere (“to creep, crawl”), from Proto-Italic *serpō, from Proto-Indo-European *serp-. In this sense, displaced native Old English nǣdre (“snake, serpent”), whence Modern English adder.
Compare Sanskrit सर्प (sarpa, “snake”), which is a descendant of the same Proto-Indo-European word as English serpent.

(music) An obsolete wind instrument in the brass family, whose shape is suggestive of a snake (Wikipedia article).


la

From Glover's solmization, from Middle English la (“sixth degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales”), Italian la in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the first syllable of Latin labiī (“lip's”) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon.

inh

And now Mrs Waters (for we must confess she was in the same bed), being, I suppose, awakened from her sleep, and seeing two men fighting in her bedchamber, began to scream in the most violent manner, crying out murder! robbery! and more frequently rape! which last, some, perhaps, may wonder she should mention, who do not consider that these words of exclamation are used by ladies in a fright, as fa, la, la, ra, da, &c., are in music, only as the vehicles of sound, and without any fixed ideas.

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

(music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the sixth note of a major scale.


pop

en-noun

pop (countable and uncountable, plural pops)

From Middle English pop, poppe (“a blow; strike; buffet”) (> Middle English poppen (“to strike; thrust”, verb)), of onomatopoeic origin – used to describe the sound, or short, sharp actions. The physics sense is part of a facetious sequence "snap, crackle, pop", after the mascots of Rice Krispies cereal.

cog

Listen to the pop of a champagne cork.

(countable) A loud, sharp sound, as of a cork coming out of a bottle.

(music) The pulling of a string away from the fretboard and releasing it so that it snaps back.


pop

en-verb

pop (third-person singular simple present pops, present participle popping, simple past and past participle popped)

pops (present singular third-person)
popping (participle present)
popped (participle past)
popped (past)

(music) To pull a string away from the fretboard and release it so that it snaps back.


pop

Pop, would go one of the eight-inch guns; a small flame would dart and vanish, a little white smoke would disappear, a tiny projectile would give a feeble screech - and nothing happened.

1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 203:

So he scraped and scratched and scrabbled and scrooged and then he scrooged again and scrabbled and scratched and scraped, working busily with his little paws and muttering to himself, 'Up we go! Up we go!' till at last, pop! his snout came out into the sunlight, and he found himself rolling in the warm grass of a great meadow.

1908, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, page 2:


radiologist

A person who is skilled in or practices radiology.

طَبِيب أَشِعَّة

ṭabīb ʔašiʕʕa


silence

From Middle English silence, from Old French silence, from Latin silentium (“silence”), from silēns (“quiet, silent”, present participle of silēre) + -ium. Displaced native Old English swīġe.

af

present participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">silēre</i>

Silence! Enough of your insolence!

(in response to laughter from the audience)
Silence! I kill you!

2007 September 17, Spark of Insanity, spoken by Achmed the Dead Terrorist (Jeff Dunham):


Byzantine

en-adj

Byzantine (comparative more Byzantine, superlative most Byzantine)

more Byzantine (comparative)
most Byzantine (superlative)

From Late Latin byzantinus, itself from Byzantium. The metaphorical senses evoke the reputation for palace intrigue of the Byzantium imperial court.


Byzantine

en-noun

Byzantine (countable and uncountable, plural Byzantines)

(historical) A native of Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul) or of the Byzantine empire


permutation

permutation (countable and uncountable, plural permutations)

/ˌpɜː.mjʉˈtæɪ.ʃən/

[ˌpɜː.mjʉˈtæɪ.ʃn̩]

From Middle English permutacioun, permutacyoun, from Old French permutacïon, promutatïon and Medieval Latin permūtātiōnem, accusative of permūtātiō.
Morphologically permute + -ation

(music) A transformation of a set's prime form, by applying one or more of certain operations, specifically, transposition, inversion, and retrograde.

permutaatio

music: transformation of a set's prime form


countertenor

From Latin contrātenor. By surface analysis, counter- + tenor.

The term countertenor first appeared in England during the mid 17th century. However, the style of singing originated in Elizabethan cathedral choirs, eventually falling out of favour during the Romantic period.

2014 August 8, Rupert Christiansen, “The truth about falsettos [print version: 12 August 2014, p. R8]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review):

A male singing voice far higher than the typical male vocal range.


maestoso

en-adv

maestoso (comparative more maestoso, superlative most maestoso)

more maestoso (comparative)
most maestoso (superlative)


maestoso

(music) A passage to be played majestically.


sunspot

(astronomy) A region on the sun's surface with a lower temperature than its surroundings and intense magnetic activity.


glitch

en-noun

glitch (countable and uncountable, plural glitches)

Probably from Yiddish גליטש (glitsh), from German glitschig (“slippy”), from glitschen (“to slide, glide, slip”) + -ig (“-y”). Related to gleiten (“glide”). Cognate with French glisser (“to slip, slide, skid”).
Popularized in the 1960s, by the US space program. Attested in 1962 by American astronaut John Glenn, in reference to spikes in electrical current.

Coordinate term: noise

You can hear this in the contemporary genre of ‘glitch’, where artists like Oval and Fennesz make radically beautiful music using the snaps, crackles and pops emitted by damaged CDs, malfunctioning software, etc.

2011, Simon Reynolds, Bring the Noise: 20 Years of Writing About Hip Rock and Hip Hop, Soft Skull Press, →ISBN, page 313:

(uncountable, music) A genre of experimental electronic music since the 1990s, characterized by a deliberate use of sonic artifacts that would normally be viewed as unwanted noise.


achoo

Achoo—I think I'm coming down with something!


electricity

electricity (usually uncountable, plural electricities)

/ɪˌlɛkˈt͡ʃɹɪsɪti/

(physics) The study of electrical phenomena; the branch of science dealing with such phenomena.


castrato

/kæsˈtɹɑː.təʊ/

From Italian castrato, from Latin castrō (“to castrate”), likely from caedō (“to cut”).

A male soprano or alto voice produced by castration of the treble singer before puberty, intended to conserve his voice; the singer.


monitoring

monitoring (usually uncountable, plural monitorings)

NR is already 'on the case' here - its man in Inverness was trained some time ago (at his request, incidentally - good man!) in drone monitoring, which enables much longer aerial patrols than are possible on foot.

2020 August 26, Nigel Harris, “Comment Special: Catastrophe at Carmont”, in Rail, page 4:

The carrying out of surveillance on, or continuous or regular observation of, an environment or people in order to detect signals, movements or changes of state or quality.

monitorització

Surveillance or continuous or regular observation


side

side (countable and uncountable, plural sides)

From Middle English side, from Old English sīde (“side, flank”), from Proto-Germanic *sīdǭ (“side, flank, edge, shore”), from Proto-Indo-European *sēy- (“to send, throw, drop, sow, deposit”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Siede (“side”), West Frisian side (“side”), Dutch zijde, zij (“side”), German Low German Sied (“side”), German Seite (“side”), Danish and Norwegian side (“side”), Swedish sida (“side”).

der

know which side one's bread is buttered on

laugh out of the other side of one's mouth

not be able to hit the broad side of a barn

the apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest

the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence

the grass is always greener on the other side of the road

Which side of the tray shall I put it on?  The patient was bleeding on the right side.

We expressed our readiness, and in ten minutes were in the station wagon, rolling rapidly down the long drive, for it was then after nine.[…]As we reached the lodge we heard the whistle, and we backed up against one side of the platform as the train pulled up at the other.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

The slightest effort made the patient cough. He would stand leaning on a stick and holding a hand to his side, and when the paroxysm had passed it left him shaking.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXIII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

One half (left or right, top or bottom, front or back, etc.) of something or someone.

But Bechet chafed under even the loose discipline of the Ellington group, and left. Through these years he wandered, making only a few sides, at the moment when jazz records were beginning to flood onto the market.

1995, James Lincoln Collier, Jazz: The American Theme Song, page 41:

(music) A recorded piece of music; a record, especially in jazz.

He had to put a bit of side on to hit the pink ball.

(sports, billiards, snooker, pool) Sidespin; english


side

en-adj

side (comparative more side, superlative most side)

more side (comparative)
most side (superlative)

From Middle English side, syde, syd, from Old English sīd (“wide, broad, spacious, ample, extensive, vast, far-reaching”), from Proto-West Germanic *sīd, from Proto-Germanic *sīdaz (“drooping, hanging, low, excessive, extra”), from Proto-Indo-European *sēy- (“to send, throw, drop, sow, deposit”). Cognate with obsolete Dutch zijd (“wide, vast”), Low German sied (“low”), Swedish sid (“long, hanging down”), Icelandic síður (“low hanging, long”).

inh

But when he perceaved that the sayd Pryest could not pourge himself of the foresayd crime he prively payed him his quarters wages before hande and suffered hym to departe without farther tryall of the sayd cryme: and now he jetteth in london wyth side gown and sarcenet typet as good a virgin priest as the best.

c. 1556, Thomas Cranmer, “That the general counsels withoute the worde of god are not sufficiente to make articles of fayth”, in A Confutation of Unwritten Verities:

Hiz gooun had syde sleeuez dooun to midlegge, slit from the shooulder too the hand, & lined with white cotten.

1575, Robert Laneham, “The auncient Minstrell described”, in F. J. Furnivall, editor, Robert Laneham’s Letter: Describing a Part of the Entertainment unto Queen Elizabeth at the Castle of Kenelworth in 1575, London: Chatto & Windus, published 1907, page 38:

What doe we make dost thou aske? why we make faces for feare: such as if thy mortall eyes could behold, would make thee water the long seames of thy side slops […]

c. 1590 (date written), G[eorge] P[eele], The Old Wiues Tale. […], London: […] Iohn Danter, for Raph Hancocke, and Iohn Hardie, […], published 1595, →OCLC, [lines 47-50]:

By my troth, ’s but a night-gown in respect of yours: cloth o’ gold, and cuts, and laced with silver, set with pearls, down sleeves, side sleeves, and skirts, round underborne with a bluish tinsel […]

1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:

(UK archaic, dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Wide; large; long, pendulous, hanging low, trailing; far-reaching.


banjo

→ Esperanto: banĝo

→ Irish: bainseo

→ Japanese: バンジョー

→ Macedonian: бенџо (bendžo)

→ Mongolian: банжо (banžo)

→ Russian: банджо (bandžo)

→ Thai: แบนโจ (bɛɛn-joo)

→ Welsh: banjô

→ Yiddish: באַנדזשאָ (bandzho)

From the pronunciation of African slaves, of unknown ultimate origin. Possibly a corruption of bandore, alternatively from a West African language such as Mandinka banjul, or Kimbundu mbanza.

Any of various similar musical instruments, such as the Tuvan doshpuluur, with a membrane-like soundboard.


bassoon

Higher and higher every day, / Till over the mast at noon— / The Wedding-Guest here beat his breast, / For he heard the loud bassoon.

1798, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner:

A musical instrument in the woodwind family, having a double reed and playing in the tenor and bass ranges.


pizzicato

Borrowed from Italian pizzicato, past participle of pizzicare (“to pluck”).

(music) To be played by plucking the strings instead of using the bow.


pizzicato

en-noun

pizzicato (plural pizzicatos or pizzicati)

The music is weaving / Haunting notes, pizzicato strings

“Trapeze” begins with pizzicatos that plunge into a circuslike cacophony with rapid trills, busy, clashing textures and motion in every direction.

2007 May 7, Vivien Schweitzer, “Players With No Conductor and, Increasingly, With No Fear”, in New York Times:


graphite

graphite (countable and uncountable, plural graphites)

Borrowed from German Graphit (A. G. Werner 1789), from Ancient Greek γράφω (gráphō, “I write”).

Modern tennis racquets are made of graphite, fibreglass and other man-made materials.

Short for graphite-reinforced plastic, a composite plastic made with graphite fibers noted for light weight strength and stiffness.


si

From Middle English si (“seventh degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales”), Italian si in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the initials of Latin Sāncte Iohannēs (“Saint John (the Baptist)”) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon; thus, also an initialism of Sāncte Iohannēs.

der

(music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the seventh note of a major scale.


aggregate

en-noun

aggregate (countable and uncountable, plural aggregates)

/ˈæɡ.ɹɪ.ɡət/

From Latin aggregātus, perfect passive participle of aggregō (“I flock together”), from ag- (combining form of ad (“to, toward”)) + gregō (“I flock or group”), from grex (“flock”). Compare gregarious.

(music) The full chromatic scale of twelve equal tempered pitches.

the full chromatic or the set of all twelve pitch classes


curious

en-adj

curious (comparative more curious or curiouser, superlative most curious or curiousest)

more curious (comparative)
curiouser (comparative)
most curious (superlative)
curiousest (superlative)

From Middle English curious, from Old French curius, from Latin cūriōsus. The English word is cognate with Italian curioso, Occitan curios, Portuguese curioso, and Spanish curioso.

It's not what I'm used to / Just wanna try you on / I'm curious for you / Caught my attention

2008 April 28, Katy Perry, Dr. Luke, Max Martin, Cathy Dennis, “I Kissed a Girl”, in One of the Boys, performed by Katy Perry:


tie

From Middle English teye (“cord, chain”), from Old English tēag, tēah (“cord, chain”), from Proto-West Germanic *taugu, from Proto-Germanic *taugō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dewk-. Compare Danish tov, Icelandic taug.

(music) A curved line connecting two notes of the same pitch denoting that they should be played as a single note with the combined length of both notes.

boog

curved line connecting two notes of the same pitch, combining their lengths


tie

en-verb

tie (third-person singular simple present ties, present participle tying, simple past and past participle tied)

ties (present singular third-person)
tying (participle present)
tied (participle past)
tied (past)

From Middle English teien, teiȝen, from Old English tīġan, tīeġan, from Proto-West Germanic *taugijan, from Proto-Germanic *taugijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to tug, draw”). Cognate with Icelandic teygja.

der

would lose one's head if it wasn't tied on

(music) To unite (musical notes) with a line or slur in the notation.


rock

Shortened from rock and roll. Since the meaning of rock has adapted to mean a simpler, more modern, metal-like genre, rock and roll has generally been left referring to earlier forms such as that originating in the 1950s, notably more swing-oriented style.

(music) A style of music characterized by basic drum-beat, generally 4/4 riffs, based on (usually electric) guitar, bass guitar, drums, keyboards (often), and vocals.


lyre

From Ancient Greek λύρᾱ (lúrā, “lyre, a stringed instrument with a sounding-board formed of the shell of a tortoise”). Doublet of lira and Lyra.

(music) An ancient stringed musical instrument (a yoke lute chordophone) of Greek origin, consisting of two arms extending from a body to a crossbar (a yoke), and strings, parallel to the soundboard, connecting the body to the yoke.

Any instrument of the same musicological classification; any yoke lute.


drone

en-verb

drone (third-person singular simple present drones, present participle droning, simple past and past participle droned)

drones (present singular third-person)
droning (participle present)
droned (participle past)
droned (past)

From Middle English drounen (“to roar, bellow”), from Proto-West Germanic *drunnjan, from Proto-Germanic *drunjaną (“to drone, roar, make a sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to roar, hum, drone”).
Cognate with Scots drune (“to drone, moan, complain”), Dutch dreunen (“to drone, boom, thud”), Low German drönen (“to drone, buzz, hum”), German dröhnen (“to roar, boom, rumble”), Danish drøne (“to roar, boom, peel out”), Swedish dröna (“to low, bellow, roar”), Icelandic drynja (“to roar”).


drone

He chanted as he flew and the car responded with sonorous drone.

1908, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows:

(music) One of the fixed-pitch pipes on a bagpipe.

(music, uncountable) A genre of music that uses repeated lengthy droning sounds.

The monotonous drone of the wheel.

1847 November 1, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Evangeline, a Tale of Acadie, Boston, Mass.: William D. Ticknor & Company, →OCLC, (please specify either |part=I or II):


dynamic

en-adj

dynamic (comparative more dynamic, superlative most dynamic)

more dynamic (comparative)
most dynamic (superlative)

static

antonym(s) of “Changing, active, in motion”

From French dynamique, from Ancient Greek δυναμικός (dunamikós, “powerful”), from δύναμις (dúnamis, “power”), from δύναμαι (dúnamai, “I am able”).

der

The dynamic marking in bar 40 is forte.

(music) Having to do with the volume of sound.


dynamic

If you pay attention to the dynamics as you play, it's a very moving piece.

(music) The varying loudness or volume of a song or the markings that indicate the loudness.

(music) A symbol in a musical score that indicates the desired level of volume.


score

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

From Middle English score, skore, schore, from Old English scoru (“notch; tally; score”), from Old Norse skor, from Proto-Germanic *skurō (“incision; tear; rift”), which is related to *skeraną (“to cut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“cut”). Cognate with Icelandic skora, Swedish skåra, Danish skår. Related to shear.
For the sense “twenty”: The mark on a tally made by drovers for every twenty beasts passing through a tollgate.

der

(music) The written form of a musical composition showing all instrumental and vocal parts.

Even without hovering drones, a lurking assassin, a thumping score and a denouement, the real-life story of Edward Snowden, a rogue spy on the run, could be straight out of the cinema. But, as with Hollywood, the subplots and exotic locations may distract from the real message: America’s discomfort and its foes’ glee.

2013 June 29, “Travels and travails”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 55: