crude oil

en-noun

crude oil (usually uncountable, plural crude oils)

Further west, in Pembrokeshire, the Esso Petroleum Co. refinery at Milford Haven, opened last November, is designed to berth the world's largest tankers and to process, initially, 4,500,000 tons of crude oil a year.

1961 August, “New traffic flows in South Wales”, in Trains Illustrated, page 494:

Unrefined oil; as it is found underground, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons.


ablaze

en-adv

ablaze (comparative more ablaze, superlative most ablaze)

more ablaze (comparative)
most ablaze (superlative)

[…] with the spontaneous combustion the house smouldered ablaze.

1969, Ray Bradbury, “The Haunting of the New”, in I Sing the Body Electric!, New York: Knopf, page 143:

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press


accend

en-verb

accend (third-person singular simple present accends, present participle accending, simple past and past participle accended)

accends (present singular third-person)
accending (participle present)
accended (participle past)
accended (past)

From Middle English accenden, from Latin accendere (“to kindle”), formed from ad- + candere (“to shine”).

(transitive, obsolete) To set on fire; to kindle.


acciaccatura

en-noun

acciaccatura (plural acciaccaturas or acciaccature)

acciaccaturas (plural)
acciaccature (plural)

/əˌt͡ʃɑkəˈtʊɹə/

/əˌt͡ʃækəˈtjʊəɹə/

Borrowed from Italian acciaccatura, from the verb acciaccare (“to crush”).

(music) A short grace note (theoretically taking no time at all), occurring on the beat occupied by the main note to which it is prefixed, one scale-step higher or lower than that main note. (Sometimes equivalent, therefore, to a short appoggiatura, but in Baroque music interpreted differently and more strictly.) Written as a note lighter in appearance, typically a quaver (eighth note), with an oblique stroke through the stem.

acciaccatura

short grace note occurring on the beat occupied by the main note


acajou

acajou (countable and uncountable, plural acajous)

/ˈæ.kəˌd͡ʒu/

Borrowed from French acajou (“cashew”), from Old Tupi akaîu. Doublet of cashew.

acajou:

A moderate reddish brown that is slightly yellower and stronger than mahogany.


lightspeed

lightspeed (countable and uncountable, plural lightspeeds)

If we're going to a world a hundred light-years from here at near lightspeed, we spend according to our own perceptions, only a few minutes doing so and arrive only a few minutes older.

1994, Ursula K. Le Guin, A Fisherman of the Inland Sea, Victor Gollancz (UK), published 1996, →ISBN, page 7:

He paused, then finished, “with the drive from the Linz, he can do over 500 lightspeeds to meet us.

2005, W. Strawn Douglas, Oracle And Other Stories, page 134:

The speed of light (in vacuum unless another medium is specified).


outer space

[ˌaʊ̯tə ˈspɛɪ̯s]

[ˌaʊ̯ɾɚ ˈspeɪ̯s]

outer space (Pantone):

outer space (Crayola):


FBI

→ Arabic: إِف بِي أَي (ʔif bī ʔay)

→ Bulgarian: ФБР (FBR)

→ Dutch: FBI

→ French: FBI

→ Galician: FBI

desc

→ Hindi: एफ़ बी आई (ef bī āī)

→ Hindi: एफ़ बी आई (ef bī āī)

→ Indonesian: FBI

→ Japanese: エフ・ビー・アイ

→ Japanese: エフ・ビー・アイ

→ Marathi: एफ्.बी.आय्. (eph.bī.āy.)

→ Persian: افبیآی

→ Portuguese: FBI

→ Romanian: FBI

→ Russian: ФБР (FBR)

→ Thai: เอฟบีไอ

→ Thai: เอฟบีไอ

(Australia, weather, firefighting) fire behaviour index


fortnight

From Middle English fourtenyght, fourtene nyght, from Old English fēowertīene niht (literally “fourteen nights"; The Anglo Saxons counted by nights), equivalent to fourteen + night. Compare sennight.

On being kicked the girl fell desperately in love with Henri, and for a fortnight they lived together and spent a thousand francs of Henri's money.

1933 January 9, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter I, in Down and Out in Paris and London, London: Victor Gollancz […], →OCLC:

The “lame duck” Johnson Administration, in its final fortnight in office, grappled last week with a diplomatic hot potato in the form of the latest Soviet proposal for a “just and lasting” Middle East peace settlement.

1969 January 12, Benjamin Welles, “A Hot Potato for Nixon”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(chiefly UK, Ireland, Commonwealth, dated in North America) A period of 2 weeks.


accolade

First attested in the 1620s, borrowed from French accolade, from Occitan acolada (“an embrace”), from acolar (“to embrace”), from Italian accollato, from Vulgar Latin *accollō (“to hug around the neck”), from Latin ad- + collum (“neck”) (English collar).

der

(music) A brace used to join two or more staves.

аколада

(music) a brace used to join two or more staves


abbreviation

en-noun

abbreviation (countable and uncountable, plural abbreviations)

abbreviation (canonical)
of (canonical)
abbreviations (plural)

First attested 1400–50. From Middle English abbreviacioun, from Middle French abreviation, from Ecclesiastical Latin abbreviātiō, from Latin ad + breviō (“shorten”), from brevis (“short”). By surface analysis, abbreviate + -ion.

(music) A notation used in music score to denote a direction, as pp or mf.

abbreviatur

music: a notation used in music score to denote a direction

(music) One or more dashes through the stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers, semiquavers, demisemiquavers, or hemidemisemiquavers.

lyhennysmerkki

music: one or more dashes through the stem of a note


raven

raven (countable and uncountable, plural ravens)

From Middle English raven, reven, from Old English hræfn, from Proto-West Germanic *hrabn, from Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz (“raven”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱrep-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“to croak, crow”).

der

raven:

A lone man walks the shores of Nantucket; his noble form is slightly bent, and with the raven of his hair is blended the faintest tinge of gray, though he is evidently a man to whom the meridian of life is yet far in the distance […]

1859, Ferna Vale, Natalie; or, A Gem Among the Sea-Weeds:


raven

raven curls

raven darkness

She was a tall, sophisticated, raven-haired beauty.


accordion

→ Irish: acordán

desc

แอกคอร์เดียน

→ Thai: แอกคอร์เดียน (ɛ́k-kɔɔ-dîian)

→ Thai: แอกคอร์เดียน (ɛ́k-kɔɔ-dîian)

First attested in 1831. From German Akkordeon, from Akkord (“harmony”), from French accord, from Old French acorder, based on Italian accordare (“to tune”). See also accord.

Coordinate term: concertina

A disreputable accordion that had a leak somewhere and breathed louder than it squawked.

A box-shaped musical instrument with means of keys and buttons, whose tones are generated by play of the wind from a squeezed bellows upon free metallic reeds.

akkordeon

a small, portable, keyed wind instrument


absorber

A device which causes gas or vapor to be absorbed by a liquid.


woodwind

(music) Any (typically wooden) musical instrument that produces sound by the player blowing into it, through a reed, or across an opening. Woodwind instruments include the recorder, flute, piccolo, clarinet, oboe, cor anglais and bassoon.


month

en-noun

month (plural months or (UK colloquial) month)

months (plural)
month (UK colloquial plural)

From Middle English month, moneth, from Old English mōnaþ (“month”), from Proto-West Germanic *mānōþ, from Proto-Germanic *mēnōþs (“month”), from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s (“moon, month”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”), referring to the moon's phases as the measure of time, equivalent to moon + -th.
Cognate with Scots moneth (“month”); North Frisian muunt (“month”); Saterland Frisian Mound (“month”), Dutch maand (“month”); German Low German Maand, Monat (“month”); German Monat (“month”); Danish and Norwegian Bokmål måned (“month”); Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish månad (“month”); Icelandic mánuði (“month”); Latin mēnsis (“month”); Ancient Greek μήν (mḗn); Armenian ամիս (amis); Old Irish mí; Old Church Slavonic мѣсѧць. See also moon.

der

pinch and a punch for the first of the month

July is my favourite month.

Economics is a messy discipline: too fluid to be a science, too rigorous to be an art. Perhaps it is fitting that economists’ most-used metric, gross domestic product (GDP), is a tangle too. GDP measures the total value of output in an economic territory. Its apparent simplicity explains why it is scrutinised down to tenths of a percentage point every month.

2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

A period into which a year is divided, historically based on the phases of the moon.


leap

From Middle English lepen, from Old English hlēapan, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaupan, from Proto-Germanic *hlaupaną. Doublet of lope, lowp, elope, gallop, galop, interlope, and loop.
Cognate with West Frisian ljeppe (“to jump”), Dutch lopen (“to run; to walk”), German laufen (“to run; to walk”), Danish løbe, Norwegian Bokmål løpe, from Proto-Indo-European *klewb- (“to spring, stumble”) (compare Lithuanian šlùbti ‘to become lame’, klùbti ‘to stumble’).

der

(music) A passing from one note to another by an interval, especially by a long one, or by one including several other intermediate intervals.


accidental

en-adj

accidental (comparative more accidental, superlative most accidental)

more accidental (comparative)
most accidental (superlative)

From Middle English accidental, from Anglo-Norman accidentel, Middle French accidentel, accidental, and their source, Late Latin accidēntālis; corresponding to accident + -al.

(music) Adjusted by one or two semitones, in temporary departure from the key signature.


accidental

(music) A sharp, flat, or natural, occurring not at the commencement of a piece of music as the signature, but before a particular note.


metric

From French métrique (1864), from New Latin metricus (“pertaining to the system based on the meter”), from metrum (“a meter”); see meter.

der

(music) Of or relating to the meter of a piece of music.


pumpkin

en-noun

pumpkin (countable and uncountable, plural pumpkins)

From Middle French pompon, from Latin pepō, from Ancient Greek πέπων (pépōn, “large melon”), from πέπων (pépōn, “ripe”), from πέπτω (péptō, “ripen”). Suffixed with the now obsolete diminutive -kin. Doublet of pepo.
The alternative theory that it may be from Massachusett pôhpukun (“grows forth round”) is false.

noncog

Cucurbita pepo
Cucurbita pepo#Translingual

A domesticated plant, in species Cucurbita pepo, similar in growth pattern, foliage, flower, and fruit to the squash or melon.


aria

From Italian aria, metathesis from Latin āerem, accusative of āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”). Doublet of air.

(music) A musical piece written typically for a solo voice with orchestral accompaniment in an opera or cantata.


andante

The music’s marking is andante, a delicate footfall.

2016, Ian McEwan, Nutshell, Vintage, page 198:

(music) A tempo mark directing that a passage is to be played in a moderately slow tempo; faster than adagio but slower than moderato.

andante

passage played in a moderately slow tempo


andante

(music) Played at a moderately slow tempo.


andante

(music) Describing a passage having this mark.


LED

light-emitting diode
light-emitting diode#English


fa

From Glover's solmization, from Middle English fa (“fourth degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales”), Italian fa in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the first syllable of Latin famulī (“servants”) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon.

inh

And now Mrs. Waters (for we muſt confeſs ſhe was in the ſame Bed) being, I ſuppoſe, awakened from her Sleep, and ſeeing two Men fighting in her Bed-chamber, began to ſcream in the moſt violent Manner, crying out Murder! Robbery! and more frequently Rape! which laſt, ſome, perhaps, may wonder ſhe ſhould mention, who do not conſider that theſe Words of Exclamation are uſed by Ladies in a Fright, as Fa, la, la, ra, da, &c. are in Muſic, only as the Vehicles of Sound, and without any fixed Ideas.

1749, Henry Fielding, “Containing the Arrival of an Irish Gentleman, with very extraordinary Adventures which ensued at the Inn”, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume IV, London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, book X, pages 11–12:

(music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) note of a major scale.


musician

From Middle English musician, musicien, from Old French musicien (“musician”), equivalent to music + -ian.

Jenny is a talented musician, playing the cello, saxophone, piano and guitar.

He joined Little Jewford and other musicians — all with outlandish stage names, like Wichita Culpepper and Sky Cap Adams — to form Kinky Friedman and the Texas Jewboys in 1973.

2024 June 27, Clay Risen, “Kinky Friedman, 79, Dies; Musician and Humorist Slew Sacred Cows”, in The New York Times:

Mr. Smith, a flesh-and-blood musician, produced A.I.-generated music and played it billions of times using bots he had programmed, according to the indictment.

2024 May 9, Maia Coleman, “The Bands and the Fans Were Fake. The $10 Million Was Real.”, in The New York Times:

A composer, conductor, or performer of music; specifically, a person who sings and/or plays a musical instrument as a hobby, occupation, or profession.

эʼйӈэнэӈэткульын

ėʼjṇėnėṇėtkulʹyn


brown

en-noun

brown (countable and uncountable, plural browns)

Bislama: braon

Tok Pisin: braun

→ Welsh: brown

→ Tongan: palauni

From Middle English broun, from Old English brūn (“brown; dark; dusky”), from Proto-West Germanic *brūn, from Proto-Germanic *brūnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH-. Doublet of bruin.
cognates
* Dutch bruin
* German braun
* Ancient Greek φρύνη (phrúnē), φρῦνος (phrûnos, “toad”)
* Latin brunneus (“brown”)
* Lithuanian bė́ras (“brown”)
* Sanskrit बभ्रु (babhrú, “reddish-brown”)
* West Frisian brún

heinäperhonen

nymphalid butterfly of subfamily Satyrinae

Many browns and blacks are immigrants — some of whom have not yet become naturalized citizens of the United States.

2005, Kristen A. Myers, Racetalk: Racism Hiding in Plain Sight:

(sometimes capitalised, countable, informal, ethnic slur) A person of Latino, Middle Eastern or South Asian descent; a brown-skinned person; someone of mulatto, mestizo, or biracial appearance.


brown

en-adj

brown (comparative browner or more brown, superlative brownest or most brown)

browner (comparative)
more brown (comparative)
brownest (superlative)
most brown (superlative)

American Sign Language: B@Cheek-PalmForward B@Jaw-PalmForward

Reminds me of the time they asked me and a group of other Latino, predominantly Mexican, friends for our passports when we tried to go to their [expletive] party a little over a year ago.[…]
The saddest part is that I don’t think they understand why it’s insulting to ask a brown person for a passport.

2015 November 2 [2014], Susan Svrluga, quoting Ivonne Gonzalez, “Students accuse Yale SAE fraternity brother of saying ‘white girls only’ at party door”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-11-03, Grade Point:

(sometimes capitalized) Of or relating to any of various ethnic groups having dark pigmentation of the skin.

I think they sort of realized like, oh, we have Aasif who is a Muslim, an American, brown person, you know, who can sit on that fence between cultures and sort of talk about what it is--what this is from the perspective of being an insider and an outsider at the same time.[…]
I think there is in the sort of South Asian, you know, psyche, a kind of adoration of Western ideals and culture that was sort of implanted into us by the British, you know, and this idea that everything that is Western is superior and better than what we have and what India--you know, what is true to our own culture.

2021 September 9, Aasif Mandvi, quotee, “Transcript: Race in America: Giving Voice with Aasif Mandvi”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-25:

(of Asians) South Asian or sometimes Middle Eastern or North African


wolf

→ Ido: volfo (also from German)

From Middle English wolf, from Old English wulf, ƿulf, from Proto-West Germanic *wulf, from Proto-Germanic *wulfaz, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos. See also Saterland Frisian Wulf, West Frisian and Dutch wolf, German Wolf, Norwegian and Danish ulv; also Sanskrit वृक (vṛ́ka), Persian گرگ (gorg), Lithuanian vilkas, Russian волк (volk), Albanian ujk, Latin lupus, Greek λύκος (lýkos), Tocharian B walkwe). Doublet of lobo and lupus.

the wolf may lose his teeth but never his nature

who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl

The soft violin solo was marred by persistent wolves.


flute

→ Irish: fliúit

→ Welsh: ffliwt

From Middle English fleute, floute, flote, from Old French flaute, fleüte, from Old Provençal flaüt, of uncertain origin. Perhaps ultimately from three possibilities:
* Blend of Provencal flaujol (“flageolet”) + laüt (“lute”)
* From Latin flātus (“blowing”), from flāre (“to blow”)
* Imitative.
Doublet of flauta and fluyt.

Western concert flute

as a specific instrument, a transverse, side-blown flute

The breathing flute's ſoft notes are heard around, / And the ſhril trumpets mix their ſilver ſound; / The vaulted roofs vvith echoing muſic ring, / Theſe touch the vocal ſtops, and thoſe the trembling ſtring.

1709, Alexander Pope, “January and May; or, The Merchant’s Tale, from Chaucer”, in The Works of Mr. Alexander Pope, volume I, London: […] W[illiam] Bowyer, for Bernard Lintot, […], published 1717, →OCLC, page 217:

Western concert flute
Western concert flute

(music) A woodwind instrument consisting of a tube with a row of holes that produce sound through vibrations caused by air blown across the edge of the holes, often tuned by plugging one or more holes with a finger; the Western concert flute, a transverse side-blown flute of European origin.

edge-blown aerophone

as a general category of musical instruments


natural gas

en-noun

natural gas (countable and uncountable, plural natural gases)

formed from natural + gas, as opposed to coal gas (19th Century).

For a good many years, beginning in London, Brighton & South Coast days, the station at Heathfield, between Tunbridge Wells and Eastbourne, was lighted by natural gas. The use of this illuminant was discontinued about 1934.

1946 July and August, “The Why and The Wherefore: Natural Gas at Heathfield”, in Railway Magazine, page 263:

Natural gas is an odorless, colorless gas from inside the Earth. When burned, it provides abundant heat to homes and businesses around the United States and the world.

2010, Kelly Swanson, Human Geography, page 169:

A mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons associated with petroleum deposits; mostly methane with smaller amounts of ethane, propane and butane; principally used as a fuel.


digital

digital (countable and uncountable, plural digitals)

/ˈdɪd͡ʒɪtl̩/

Borrowed from Latin digitālis, from digitus (“finger, toe”) + -alis (“-al”). Doublet of digitalis.

Beginning with the keyboard, direct attention to the grouping of the black digitals, and show that though at the outer edge of the keyboard the white digitals look as if they were all equally close neighbours, yet, […]

c.1920?, Annie Jessy Gregg Curwen, The Teacher's Guide to Mrs. Curwen's Pianoforte Method (The Child Pianist)

(music) Any of the keys of a piano or similar instrument.


f

Abbreviations.
f
# (stenoscript) Abbreviation of for.
# (stenoscript) prefix for-.
# (stenoscript) suffix/sequence for(e).

ng

prefix <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">for-</i>.

(music) The name of the fourth tone of the model scale, or scale of C. F sharp (F♯) is a tone intermediate between F and G.


bone

en-noun

bone (countable and uncountable, plural bones)

From Middle English bon, from Old English bān (“bone, tusk; the bone of a limb”), from Proto-Germanic *bainą (“bone”), from *bainaz (“straight”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike, beat”).
Cognate with Scots bane, been, bean, bein, bain (“bone”), North Frisian bien (“bone”), West Frisian bien (“bone”), Dutch been (“bone; leg”), German Low German Been, Bein (“bone”), German Bein (“leg”), German Gebein (“bones”), Swedish ben (“bone; leg”), Norwegian and Icelandic bein (“bone”), Breton benañ (“to cut, hew”), Latin perfinēs (“break through, break into pieces, shatter”), Avestan 𐬠𐬫𐬈𐬥𐬙𐬈 (byente, “they fight, hit”). Related also to Old Norse beinn (“straight, right, favourable, advantageous, convenient, friendly, fair, keen”) (whence Middle English bain, bayne, bayn, beyn (“direct, prompt”), Scots bein, bien (“in good condition, pleasant, well-to-do, cosy, well-stocked, pleasant, keen”)), Icelandic beinn (“straight, direct, hospitable”), Norwegian bein (“straight, direct, easy to deal with”). See bain, bein.

cog

sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me

what's bred in the bone will come out in the flesh

bone:

An off-white colour, like the colour of bone.


bone

Of an off-white colour, like the colour of bone.


accompaniment

en-noun

accompaniment (countable and uncountable, plural accompaniments)

From French accompagnement; equivalent to accompany + -ment. First attested in 1744.

Brooks performed a saxophone solo on stage, with Robert as accompaniment on the bass.

(music) A part, usually performed by instruments, that gives support or adds to the background in music, or adds for ornamentation; also, the harmony of a figured bass.

مُصَاحَبَة

music: that which gives support or adds to the background


comma

comma (plural commas or (rare) commata or (obsolete) commaes)

commas (plural)
commata (plural rare)
commaes (obsolete plural)

From Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma), from κόπτω (kóptō, “I cut”).

(music) A difference in the calculation of nearly identical intervals by different ways.


feature

→ German: Feature

→ Ukrainian: фі́ча (fíča)

From Middle English feture, from Anglo-Norman feture, from Old French faiture, from Latin factūra, from Latin factus, from Latin faciō (“do, make”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”). Doublet of facture.

feature

long, prominent article or item in the media

(music) The act of being featured in a piece of music.


industrial

en-adj

industrial (comparative more industrial, superlative most industrial)

more industrial (comparative)
most industrial (superlative)

a track with clashing industrial beats

(music) Belonging or pertaining to the genre of industrial music.


point

→ Cantonese: point

→ Indonesian: poin

→ Japanese: ポイント (pointo)

→ Korean: 포인트 (pointeu)

From Middle English poynt, from Old French point m (“dot; minute amount”), from Latin pūnctum (“a hole punched in; a point, puncture”), substantive use of pūnctus m, perfect passive participle of pungō (“I prick, punch”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pewǵ- (“prick, punch”)); alternatively, from Old French pointe f (“sharp tip”), from Latin pūncta f (past participle). Displaced native Middle English ord (“point”), from Old English ord (“point”). Doublet of pointe, punctum, punt, and punto.

kärki

position at the front or vanguard of an advancing force

decimal point

not used when reading decimal fractions aloud

(music) A dot or mark used to designate certain tones or time. In ancient music, it distinguished or characterized certain tones or styles (points of perfection, of augmentation, etc.). In modern music, it is placed on the right of a note to raise its value, or prolong its time, by one half.


crow

From Middle English crowe, from Old English crāwe, from Proto-West Germanic *krāā, from Proto-Germanic *krēǭ (compare West Frisian krie, Dutch kraai, German Krähe), from *krēaną (“to crow”). See below.

“Ay,” put in a young man, who had the reputation of being the smartest “crow” in London—“‘fishers of men,’ as the parson says.”

1874, Marcus Clarke, For the Term of his Natural Life, Penguin, published 2009, page 53:

(now rare, slang) Someone who keeps watch while their associates commit a crime; a lookout.


crow

Coordinate term: raven

"Though her her crow hair is lovely and wavy, she loathes it and craves yellow locks. Since she saw Hugh, she's given me no peace.” Sheffield's square , good-looking face shaped a grimace.

1945, George Marsh, Ask No Quarter, New York, W. Morrow & Company:

[…] only her crow hair could be seen. Her appearance could not be seen as she anxiously called out, "Mother ..." The setting sun cast a dim yellow light on the interior of the house. The woman lay on her back and looked up at the beams overhead[…]

2019 December 6, Shi Shuifeiyan, Escaped Consort: Hubby, Don’t Chase Me: Volume 3, Funstory, →ISBN:

(uncommon) Dark black, the color of a crow; crow-black.


crow

en-verb

crow (third-person singular simple present crows, present participle crowing, simple past crowed or (UK) crew, past participle crowed or (archaic) crown)

crows (present singular third-person)
crowing (participle present)
crowed (past)
crew (UK past)
crowed (participle past)
crown (archaic participle past)

The verb is from Middle English crowen, from Old English crāwan (past tense crēow, past participle crāwen), from Proto-West Germanic *krāan, from Proto-Germanic *krēaną, from imitative Proto-Indo-European *gerH- (“to cry hoarsely”).
The noun is from Middle English crowe, from the verb.
Compare Dutch kraaien, German krähen, Lithuanian gróti, Russian гра́ять (grájatʹ)). Related to croak.

onomatopoeic

imitative

der

He’s been crowing all day about winning the game of cards.

Touting its sponsorship of local engineering and sustainability programs, Amazon crows about such “investments” as its dog park, playing fields, art installations, and Buckyball-reminiscent domical gardens.

2017 September 27, Julianne Tveten, “Zucktown, USA”, in The Baffler:

Another of my favorite dishes, the Asian chicken salad, was inspired by a skit by comedian Margaret Cho (“This is not the salad of my people…” she crows).

2023 October 7, Ajesh Patalay, quoting Margaret Cho, “The Naked Chef 2.0”, in FT Weekend, HTSI, page 77:

(intransitive) To shout in exultation or defiance; to brag.

(intransitive, music) To test the reed of a double reed instrument by placing the reed alone in the mouth and blowing it.


crow

onomatopoeic

imitative

The cry or call of a rooster or a cockerel, especially as heard at sunrise.


company

en-noun

company (countable and uncountable, plural companies)

→ Hindi: कंपनी (kampnī)

desc

→ Hokkien: 公班衙 (kong-pan-gêe / kong-pan-gê)

→ Malay: kompeni

→ Scottish Gaelic: companaidh

→ Swahili: kampuni

From Middle English companye (“a team; companionship”), from Old French compaignie (“companionship”) (Modern French: compagnie), possibly from Late Latin *compania, but this word is not attested. Old French compaignie is equivalent to Old French compaignon (Modern French: compagnon) + -ie. More at companion.
Displaced native Old English werod, gefer, getæl, and hired.

you don't dip your pen in company ink

don't fish off the company dock, you don't dip your pen in the company inkwell, you don't fish off the company pier

As he had worked for the CIA for over 30 years, he would soon take retirement from the company.

A team; a group of people who work together professionally.

(espionage, informal) An intelligence service.


accompany

en-verb

accompany (third-person singular simple present accompanies, present participle accompanying, simple past and past participle accompanied)

accompanies (present singular third-person)
accompanying (participle present)
accompanied (participle past)
accompanied (past)

* First attested in early 15th century.
From Middle English accompanien, from Old French acompagner (“to associate with”), from compaing (“companion”), nominative singular of compaignon (“companion”). See company.

der

en:to perform an accompanying part next to another instrument

(intransitive, music) To perform an accompanying part or parts in a composition.

صَاحَبَ

to perform an accompanying part or parts in a composition

The strings were accompanied by two woodwinds.

I will accompany her on the oboe.

(transitive, music) To perform an accompanying part next to (another instrument or musician).


false

en-adj

false (comparative falser, superlative falsest)

falser (comparative)
falsest (superlative)

From Middle English false, fals, from Old English fals (“false; counterfeit; fraudulent; wrong; mistaken”), from Latin falsus (“counterfeit, false; falsehood”), perfect passive participle of fallō (“deceive”). Reinforced in Middle English by Anglo-Norman and Old French fals, faus. Compare Scots fals, false, Saterland Frisian falsk, German falsch, Dutch vals, Swedish and Danish falsk; all from Latin falsus. Displaced native Middle English les, lese, from Old English lēas (“false”); See lease, leasing. Doublet of faux.
The verb is from Middle English falsen, falsien, from Old French falser, from Latin falsō (“falsify”), itself also from falsus; compare French fausser (“to falsify, to distort”).


absolute

en-adj

absolute (comparative more absolute or absoluter, superlative most absolute or absolutest)

more absolute (comparative)
absoluter (comparative)
most absolute (superlative)
absolutest (superlative)

conditional

antonym(s) of “free of restrictions, limitations, qualifications or conditions”

antonym(s) of “independent of references

First attested around 1380. From Middle English absolut, from Middle French absolut, from Latin absolūtus (“unconditional; unfettered; completed”), perfect passive participle of absolvō (“loosen, set free, complete”), from ab (“away”) + solvo (“to loose”). Influenced in part by Old French absolu. Compare absolve.

независим

grammar: not immediately dependent on the other parts of the sentence

categorical

absolute music

(art, music, dance) Independent of (references to) other arts; expressing things (beauty, ideas, etc) only in one art.


ID

en-noun

ID (countable and uncountable, plural IDs)

(music) An electronic music track without an official title.


Bermuda

From the name of Juan de Bermudez, the Spanish explorer who discovered the islands in 1515. See Bermúdez.

Sir Thomas Gates was appointed Lieutenant Generall ; Sir George Sommers Admirall of Virginia and were ſent to reſide there as Gouernours of the Colonie. But the Sea Venture, wherein the two Knights, and Captaine Newport, with a hundred and fiftie perſons ſayled, after long conflict with the two angrie Elements, was ſent to be impriſoned in Bermuda, where betweene two Rocks the Ship ſplit, the people eſcaping to Land.

1613, Samuel Purchas, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes, volume I, London, →OCLC, page 632:

An archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the North Atlantic Ocean, 580 nautical miles (1074 kilometers) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.


absinthe

absinthe (countable and uncountable, plural absinthes)

* (wormwood; figuratively bitterness, sorrow): From Middle English absinthe.
* (liquor): From Modern French absinthe.
Both from Middle French absinthe, from Latin absinthium, from Ancient Greek ἀψίνθιον (apsínthion, “wormwood”). Doublet of absinthium.

der

A moderate yellow green.
absinthe green:


slow

From Middle English slow, slaw, from Old English slāw (“sluggish, inert, slothful, late, tardy, torpid, slow”), from Proto-Germanic *slaiwaz (“blunt, dull, faint, weak, slack”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *sleyH-u- (“bad”). Cognate with Scots slaw (“slow”), West Frisian sleau (“slow, dull, lazy”), Dutch sleeuw (“blunt, dull”), Low German slee (“dull, sluggish”), German schlehe, schleh (“dull, exhausted, faint”), Danish sløv (“dull, torpid, drowsy”), Swedish slö (“slack, lazy”), Icelandic sljór (“dim-witted, slow”).


cowbell

en-noun

cowbell (countable and uncountable, plural cowbells)

This song would sound better with the addition of a cowbell.

It's good, but it really needs more cowbell.

(music) A musical instrument, typically found without a clapper.


and

From Middle English and, an, from Old English and, ond, end, from Proto-West Germanic *andi, from Proto-Germanic *andi, *anþi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Cognate with Scots an (“and”), North Frisian en (“and”), West Frisian en, in (“and”), Yiddish און (un, “and”), Low German un (“and”), Dutch en (“and”), German und (“and”), Danish end (“but”), Swedish än (“yet, but”), Icelandic and Norwegian enn (“still, yet”), Albanian edhe (“and”) (dialectal ênde, ênne), ende (“still, yet, therefore”), Latin ante (“opposite, in front of”), and Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “opposite, facing”). Doublet of an ("if").

cog

(unstressed form, also for some speakers stressed form) end

The same goes for measure 42, when you begin the phrase on the and of 1, because that kind of lick can easily bog down the time.

2006, Gordon Goodwin, Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band: Trumpet, page 51:

(music, often informal) In rhythm, the second half of a divided beat.


secondo

(music) The second part in a concerted piece.


acid

en-adj

acid (comparative acider, superlative acidest)

acider (comparative)
acidest (superlative)

From French acide, from Latin acidus (“sour, acid”), from aceō (“I am sour”). Doublet of agita.

(music) Denoting a musical genre that is a distortion (as if hallucinogenic) of an existing genre, as in acid house, acid jazz, acid rock.


burp

Originally from American English, of imitative origin.

onom

imitative

Lennon let out a deep, proud burp after downing the beer.

Sylvanshine would burp and it would seem like more than a burp; it would taste like he'd almost thrown up a little.

2011, David Foster Wallace, The Pale King, page 9:

When they approached, he turned from them and made swallowing noises indispersed with burps.

2016, Thomas Corfield, The World Is Badly Made:

(chiefly US, Philippines, Canada, immunology) A belch.


music

en-adj

music (comparative more music, superlative most music)

more music (comparative)
most music (superlative)

From Middle English musik, musike, borrowed from Anglo-Norman musik, musike, Old French musique, and their source Latin mūsica, from Ancient Greek μουσική (mousikḗ), from Ancient Greek Μοῦσα (Moûsa, “Muse”), an Ancient Greek deity of the arts. By surface analysis, muse + -ic (“pertaining to”). In this sense, displaced native Old English drēam (“music”), whence Modern English dream.

surf

Again, Moſes was the firſt that brought in ſacred Muſick: thus in like manner Strabo lib. 10. 453. informes us, that the Bacchick Muſick was famous throughout Aſia; and that many muſick Inſtruments had obteined a Barbarick name, as Jambla, Sambuke, Barbitos, Magades, &c. which ſeem all to be of Hebrew origination.

1669, T[heophilus] G[ale], The Court of the Gentiles: or A Discourse Touching the Original of Human Literature, Both Philologie and Philosophie, from the Scriptures, and Jewish Church in Order to a Demonstration, […], part I (Of Philologie), Oxon [Oxford]: […] Hen[ry] Hall for Tho[mas] Gilbert, pages 136–137:

Loosened / Thy tongue shall with sweet-flowing sounds surprize / The ear of sense; another than thyself / Will be seen within to have come, and bringing / Music tones from other spheres to have made / Thee ever the harp of hidden minstrelsy.

1838 fall – 1839 summer, Jones Very, “The Unrevealed”, in Helen R. Deese, editor, Jones Very: The Complete Poems, Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, published 1993, →ISBN, page 159, lines 4–9:

So should she drape the World’s wide round, / With sunny robes, and fresh Spring weather / And consecrate the loneliest ground, / While we went wandering linked together, / Her music voice, her beaming eyes, / Give to the Silence, glad replies.

1847, William Ellery Channing, “The Desert”, in Poems, second series, Boston, Mass.: James Munroe and Company, page 59:

And therefore, prisoner, you are doomed for life / To solitary toil. Alone! alone! alone! / Love’s music voice will never greet your ear; / Affection’s eye will never meet your gaze; / Nor heart-warm hand of friend return your grasp; / But morn, and noon, and night, days, months, and years, / Will all be told in this one word—alone!

1851 January, Sarah J[osepha] Hale, “The Judge; a Drama of American Life”, in Sarah J[osepha] Hale, editor, Godey’s Lady’s Book, volume XLII, Philadelphia, Pa.: L[ouis] A[ntoine] Godey, act I, scene III, page 26, column 2:

w:Oxford English Dictionary#Electronic versions


accent

en-noun

accent (countable and uncountable, plural accents)

From Middle English accent, from Medieval Latin accentus and Old French accent, acent, both from Latin accentus, past participle of accinō (“sing to, sing along”). The word accent had been borrowed into Old English already, but was lost and reborrowed in Middle English.

tongval

distinctive pronunciation associated with a region, social group, etc.

акце́нт

math: mark to distinguish magnitudes of similar kind

pilkku

geometry: mark indicating minutes and seconds of a degree

(music) A regularly recurring stress upon the tone to mark the beginning, and, more feebly, the third part of the measure.

(music) A special emphasis of a tone, even in the weaker part of the measure.

(music) A mark used to represent this special emphasis.

aksenttimerkki

music: mark to represent specific stress on a note

(music) The rhythmical accent, which marks phrases and sections of a period.


grey

From Middle English grey, from Old English grǣġ, from Proto-Germanic *grēwaz (compare Dutch grauw, German grau, Old Norse grár), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₁- (“to green, to grow”) (compare Latin rāvus (“grey”), Old Church Slavonic зьрѭ (zĭrjǫ, “to see, to glance”), Russian зреть (zretʹ, “to watch, to look at”) (archaic), Lithuanian žeriù (“to shine”)).

cog

Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day, / That costs thy life, my gallant grey.

1810, Walter Scott, “(please specify the canto number or page)”, in The Lady of the Lake; […], Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for John Ballantyne and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, and William Miller, →OCLC, (please specify the stanza number):

Pioneer seemed now to have the game in his own hands; but the Captain, by taking two desperate leaps, cut off a corner, by which he regained the ground he had lost by the fall, and was up with the grey the remainder of the chase.

1833, Sporting Magazine, volume 6, page 400:

British and Commonwealth standard spelling of gray.


gas

en-noun

gas (countable and uncountable, plural gases or gasses)

New York City, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Baltimore

(uncountable, Canada, US, New Zealand) Gasoline, a light derivative of petroleum used as fuel.


te

Altered from si in the 19th century to prevent having two notes of the musical scale starting with the same letter, to become ti; the vowel was then changed to 'e' to signify a flattened note.

(music) In solfège, the lowered seventh note of a major scale (the note B-flat in the fixed-do system): ta.


mauve

mauve (countable and uncountable, plural mauves)

Borrowed from French mauve (“mallow”), from Latin malva, which has a purple colour. Doublet of mallow. Coined in 1856 by the chemist William Henry Perkin, when he accidentally created the first aniline dye.

mauveine:

old mauve:

(historical) A rich purple synthetic dye, which faded easily, briefly popular c. 1859‒1873 and now called mauveine.

mauve:

Never trust a woman who wears mauve, whatever her age may be, or a woman over thirty-five who is fond of pink ribbons.

1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter VIII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC, page 151:

A pale purple or violet colour, like the colour of the dye when it faded.


mauve

en-adj

mauve (comparative mauver or more mauve, superlative mauvest or most mauve)

mauver (comparative)
more mauve (comparative)
mauvest (superlative)
most mauve (superlative)

[A]long their time-marked walls wistaria threw patches of mauve blossom.

1936, F.J. Thwaites, chapter XXII, in The Redemption, Sydney: H. John Edwards, published 1940, page 222:


henna

en-noun

henna (countable and uncountable, plural hennas)

→ Greek: χένα (chéna)

Borrowed from Arabic حِنَّاء (ḥinnāʔ), the name of the tree used to make the dye, probably from Middle Persian [script needed] (*hannāy-, “to smear, anoint”).

der

Lawsonia inermis
Lawsonia inermis#Translingual

(countable) A shrub, Lawsonia inermis, having fragrant reddish flowers

(countable, uncountable) A reddish plant substance, prepared from the dried leaves of this plant, used for temporary tattoos and hair coloring. Hair colorings range from bright red to earth brown to near black.

henna:

(countable and uncountable) A rich reddish-brown colour.


henna

en-verb

henna (third-person singular simple present hennas, present participle hennaing, simple past and past participle hennaed)

hennas (present singular third-person)
hennaing (participle present)
hennaed (participle past)
hennaed (past)

(transitive) To dye or tattoo with henna.


abstract

en-adj

abstract (comparative more abstract or abstracter, superlative most abstract or abstractest)

more abstract (comparative)
abstracter (comparative)
most abstract (superlative)
abstractest (superlative)

From Middle English abstract, borrowed from Latin abstractus, perfect passive participle of abstrahō (“draw away”), formed from abs- (“away”) + trahō (“to pull, draw”). The verbal sense is first attested in 1542.

(art) Pertaining to the formal aspect of art, such as the lines, colors, shapes, and the relationships among them.


tuba

From Latin tuba (“tube, trumpet, military trumpet”), first borrowed as a historic term in the 18th century. The name of the modern instrument was borrowed in the 19th century from German Tuba (“tuba”), originally Baß-Tuba (literally “bass tuba”), from the same Latin source. The Latin term is of obscure ultimate origin, but is possibly connected to tībia (“shinbone, reed-pipe”), see there.

bor

One version of the large tuba, popular in marching bands, is called a sousaphone in honor of bandsman John Philip Sousa.

1990, Thomas D. Rossing, The Science of Sound, page 230:

A large brass musical instrument, usually in the bass range, played through a vibration of the lips upon the mouthpiece and fingering of the keys.


star

Sranan Tongo: stari
Aukan: sitali

→ Finnish: stara

→ French: star

→ German: Star

→ Italian: star

→ Swahili: staa

From Middle English sterre, from Old English steorra (“star”), from Proto-West Germanic *sterrō, variant of *sternō, from Proto-Germanic *sternô, *sternǭ (“star”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”). Doublet of aster, stella, étoile, and estoile.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots starn, ster, North Frisian steer, West Frisian stjer, Saterland Frisian Stiern, Dutch ster, Luxembourgish Stär, German Stern, Yiddish שטערן (shtern), Vilamovian śtaom, Swedish stjärna, Norwegian stjerne, Icelandic stjarna, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 (stairnō), Spanish estrella, Portuguese estrela, Italian stella, Romanian stea, Occitan estela, Venetian stéła, Sicilian stidda, Sardinian isteddu, Mirandese streilha, Walloon sitoele, Romansch staila, Megleno-Romanian steau̯ă, Istriot stila, Istro-Romanian ste, Latin stēlla, Greek αστέρι (astéri), Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr), Old Armenian աստղ (astł), Persian ستاره (setâre), Tajik ситора (sitora), Pashto ستوری (storay), Mazanderani اساره (ëssâre), Northern Kurdish stêr, Central Kurdish ئەستێرە (estêre), Zazaki astare, Ossetian стъалы (st’aly), Hindi तारा (tārā), Urdu تارا (tārā), Punjabi ਤਾਰਾ (tārā), Gujarati તારો (tāro), Sanskrit तारा (tārā).

аеҵǝа

a celestial body appearing as a point of light on the clear night sky, whose position is relatively fixed with respect to each other

(astronomy) A spheroid of plasma with sufficient gravity to fuse hydrogen or heavier elements into heavier elements still. Depending on context the Sun may or may not be included.

نَجْم

(astronomy) a luminous celestial body made of plasma

A simple dance, or part of a dance, where a group of four dancers each put their right or left hand in the middle and turn around in a circle. You call them right-hand stars or left-hand stars, depending on the hand which is in the middle.

[…]on whom […] / Lavish Honour shower’d all her stars,[…]

1852, Alfred Tennyson, “Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington”, in Maud, and Other Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, stanza 8, page 132:

A star-shaped ornament worn on the breast to indicate rank or honour.

A composition of combustible matter used in the heading of rockets, in mines, etc., which, exploding in the air, presents a starlike appearance.

single point of failure
single point of failure

(networking) A network topology with multiple computers individually merging to one central switch, thus free of risk of collisions. A single point of failure can occur if the switch experiences corruption.


tempo

Borrowed from Italian tempo, from Latin tempus (“time”). Doublet of tense.

(music) The number of beats per minute in a piece of music; also, an indicative term denoting approximate rate of speed in written music (examples: allegro, andante)


trumpet

From Middle English trumpet, trumpette, trompette (“trumpet”), from Old French trompette (“trumpet”), diminutive of trompe (“horn, trump, trumpet”), from Frankish *trumpa, *trumba (“trumpet”), ultimately imitative.
Cognate with Old High German trumpa, trumba (“horn, trumpet”), Middle Dutch tromme (“drum”), Middle Low German trumme (“drum”), Old Norse trumba (“pipe; trumpet”). More at drum.
Displaced native English beme, from Middle English beme, from Old English bīeme.

onomatopoeic

imitative

The royal herald sounded a trumpet to announce their arrival.

In trumpets for assisting the hearing, all reverbation of the trumpet must be avoided. It must be made thick, of the least elastic materials, and covered with cloth externally. For all reverbation lasts for a short time, and produces new sounds which mix with those which are coming in.

1820, Encyclopaedia Britannica; Or A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Miscellaneous Literature, 6th edition, volume 20, Edinburgh: Archibald Constable and Company, page 501:

(music) A musical instrument of the brass family, generally tuned to the key of B-flat; by extension, any type of lip-vibrated aerophone, most often valveless and not chromatic.

(US, slang, often capitalized) A supporter of Donald Trump, especially a fervent one.


throne

From Middle English trone, from Old French trone, from Latin thronus, from Ancient Greek θρόνος (thrónos, “chair, throne”). Superseded earlier seld (“seat, throne”).

der

(music) A kind of stool used by drummers.


A

* (highest rank, grade, music): From the initial position of the letter A in the English alphabet.
* (blood type): From A antigen

Orchestras traditionally tune to a concert A.

(music) A tone three fifths above C in the cycle of fifths; the sixth tone of the C major scale; the first note of the minor scale of A minor; the reference tone that occurs at exactly 440 Hz; the printed or written note A; the scale with A as its keynote.


open

en-adj

open (comparative more open, superlative most open)

more open (comparative)
most open (superlative)

closed-source

antonym(s) of “with a free license and no proprietary components”

From Middle English open, from Old English open (“open”), from Proto-West Germanic *opan, from Proto-Germanic *upanaz (“open”), from Proto-Indo-European *upo (“up from under, over”).
cognates
* Scots apen (“open”)
* Saterland Frisian eepen (“open”)
* West Frisian iepen (“open”)
* Dutch open (“open”)
* Low German open, apen (“open”)
* German offen (“open”)
* Danish åben (“open”)
* Swedish öppen (“open”)
* Norwegian Bokmål åpen (“open”)
* Norwegian Nynorsk open (“open”)
* Icelandic opinn (“open”)
 Compare also Latin supinus (“on one's back, supine”), Albanian hap (“to open”). Related to up.

der

at church every time the doors swing open

(music, stringed instruments) Of a note, played without pressing the string against the fingerboard.

avoin

music: without any fingers pressing the string against the fingerboard

(music) Of a note, played without closing any finger-hole, key or valve.


seventh

From Middle English seventhe, sefte, from Old English seofoþa, from Proto-West Germanic *sebundō, from Proto-Germanic *sebundô.

(music) A tone of the seventh degree from a given tone, the interval between two such tones, or the two tones sounding in unison.


fifteenth

(music) The interval comprising two octaves.


fourteenth

/ˌfɔːˈtiːnθ/

/ˌfɔɹˈtiːnθ/

(music) The interval comprising an octave and a seventh.

kvartdecima

the interval comprising an octave and a seventh


thirteenth

/ˌθɜːˈtiːnθ/

(music) The interval comprising an octave and a sixth.

tredesiimi

the interval comprising an octave and a sixth


eleventh

From Middle English elleventhe, from elleven + -the, equivalent to eleven + -th. This re-formation replaced inherited forms such as endleft, ellefthe, from Old English endlefta, from Proto-Germanic *ainaliftô.

(music) The note eleven scale degrees from the root of a chord.

undecima

the note eleven scale degrees from the root of a chord


keyboard

(music) A component of many instruments including the piano, organ, and harpsichord consisting of usually black and white keys that cause different tones to be produced when struck.

(music) A device with keys of a musical keyboard, used to control electronic sound-producing devices which may be built into or separate from the keyboard device.

klawerbord

electronic device with keys of a musical keyboard


magenta

en-noun

magenta (countable and uncountable, plural magentas)

/məˈd͡ʒɛntə/

Borrowed from French magenta, from Italian Magenta, sometime after the colour was named after the town to celebrate the Franco-Italian victory at the Battle of Magenta in 1859; possibly in reference to the colour of the uniforms worn by Zouave French troops there. The town's name derives from Latin castrum Maxentiae (“castle of Maxentius”).

der

web magenta (additive magenta):

printer's magenta (subtractive magenta):

Prismacolor magenta:

A colour which is close to an equal mixture of red and blue which is an additive secondary colour but a subtractive primary colour evoked by the combination of red and blue light.


magenta

en-adj

magenta (comparative more magenta, superlative most magenta)

more magenta (comparative)
most magenta (superlative)

/məˈd͡ʒɛntə/

having the colour of fuchsia, fuchsine, light purple.


twelfth

From Middle English twelfthe, twelfte, from Old English twelfta (“twelfth”), from Proto-Germanic *twaliftô (“twelfth”), equivalent to twelve + -th. Cognate with Scots twalt (“twelfth”), Saterland Frisian tweelfte (“twelfth”), West Frisian tolfde (“twelfth”), Dutch twaalfde (“twelfth”), German Low German twalfde, twalvde (“twelfth”), German zwölfte (“twelfth”), Danish tolvte (“twelfth”),
Swedish tolfte (“twelfth”), Icelandic tólfta (“twelfth”).

twelfe

but the corresponding pronunciation /twɛlf/ is still widespread today

(music) An interval equal to an octave plus a fifth.


triangle

/ˈtɹaɪəŋɡəl/

/ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/

/ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/

PIE word
 *tréyes
From Middle English triangle, from Old French triangle, from Latin triangulum, noun use of adjective triangulus (“three-cornered, having three angles”), from trēs (“three”) + angulus (“corner, angle”), equivalent to tri- + angle.

percussion instrument
percussion instrument

(music) A percussion instrument made by forming a metal rod into a triangular shape which is open at one angle. It is suspended from a string and hit with a metal bar to make a resonant sound.

After turning on the triangle at Jeumont, we set off light engine back to Aulnoye.

1961 March, ""Balmore"", “Driving and firing modern French steam locomotives”, in Trains Illustrated, page 147:

(rail transport) A triangular formation of railway tracks, with a curve on at least one side.


ground

en-noun

ground (countable and uncountable, plural grounds)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʰrm̥túsder.
Proto-Germanic *grunduz
Old English grund
Middle English ground
English ground
From Middle English ground, from Old English grund, from Proto-Germanic *grunduz. Cognate with West Frisian grûn, Dutch grond and German Grund.

etymon

cut the ground from under someone's feet

know one's ass from a hole in the ground

know one's head from a hole in the ground

know the difference between one's ass and a hole in the ground

(music) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody.

Buck[ingham] The Mayor is here at hand; pretend ſome fear, // Be not you ſpoke with, but by mighty ſuit; // And look you get a prayer-book in your hand, // And ſtand between two churchmen, good my lord, // For on that ground I’ll build a holy deſcant: // And be not eaſily won to our requeſts: // Play the maid’s part, ſtill anſwer nay, and take it.

c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vii]:

(music) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song.


beige

en-noun

beige (countable and uncountable, plural beiges)

Unadapted borrowing from French (dialectal) beige, from Old French bege (“color of undyed wool or cotton”), from an Alpine language (compare Franco-Provençal bézho, Romansch besch (“dull grey”)), from Vulgar Latin *bysseus (“cottony grey”) (compare French bis, Catalan bis, Italian bigio), from Late Latin byssus (“cotton”), from Ancient Greek βύσσος (bússos, “cotton homespun”), from Semitic (compare Hebrew/Aramaic בוץ (būṣ)). Doublet of bice.

der

beige:

A slightly yellowish gray colour, as that of unbleached wool.

Debeige; a kind of woollen or mixed dress goods.


beige

en-adj

beige (comparative beiger or more beige, superlative beigest or most beige)

beiger (comparative)
more beige (comparative)
beigest (superlative)
most beige (superlative)

Dagobert had only one customer, an American who wore square, rimless glasses and a beige suit and looked like a Wall Street tycoon.

1956, Delano Ames, chapter 24, in Crime out of Mind:

Mr. Lauwaert of Sony said he realized that most consumers were not going to buy computers that cost far more than discount beige boxes.

2006 November 23, Michel Marriott, “When Beige Won’t Do”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Having a slightly yellowish gray colour, as that of unbleached wool.

Think about it: he grew up in Iowa, the beigest of states, was doted on, loved generously by his parents, the top of his class, probably voted Most Handsome of 2000.

2007, Prairie L. Markussen, Cover, page 48:

In the beigest parts of suburbia where I grew up, bridge was a game played by groups of parents in recreation rooms furnished with upright pianos and souvenir sombreros.

2010, Gerald J. McCarthy, A Man of Substances:

For a meal of relentlessly beige food, may I suggest the beigest of wines? That would be chardonnay, which will go beautifully with Melissa Clark’s chicken potpie.

2013 March 25, Eric Asimov, “A Beige Wine for a Beige Meal”, in NYT Diner’s Journal Blog:

He has no criminal record. He has no traffic tickets. His social media posts are just like... he's beige.

2016, Penelope Garcia, “The Witness”, in Criminal Minds, season 11, episode 2:

(informal, originally US) Comfortably dull and unadventurous, in a way that suggests middle-class suburbia.


orange

en-noun

orange (countable and uncountable, plural oranges)

→ Esperanto: oranĝo

→ Japanese: オレンジ (orenji)

desc

→ Kashubian: orendż (Canada, United States)

→ Korean: 오렌지 (orenji)

→ Makah: ʔo·linčas

→ Malay: oren

→ Marshallese: oran

Etymology tree
Proto-Mon-Khmer *lŋaamder.?
Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga)bor.
Classical Persian نَارَنْگ (nārang)bor.
Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj)bor.
Old Occitan auranjabor.
Old French orengebor.
Middle English orenge
English orange
Inherited from Middle English orenge, orange, from Old French pome orenge (“fruit orange”), influenced by the place name Orange (which is from Gaulish and unrelated to the word for the fruit and color) and by Old Occitan auranja and calqued from Old Italian melarancio, melarancia, compound of mela (“apple”) and un'arancia (“an orange”), from Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj), from Early Classical Persian نَارَنْگْ (nārang), from Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga, “orange tree”), ultimately from Dravidian. Compare Tamil நாரங்காய் (nāraṅkāy), compound of நாரம் (nāram, “water”) and காய் (kāy, “fruit”); also Telugu నారంగము, నారింజ (nāraṅgamu, nāriñja), Malayalam നാരങ്ങ (nāraṅṅa), Kannada ನಾರಂಗಿ (nāraṅgi)).
Originally borrowed as the surname (derived from the place name) in the 13th century, before the sense of the fruit was imported in the late 14th century and the color in 1510. In the color sense, largely displaced ġeolurēad, whence yellow-red.

cog

Tamil நாரங்காய் (nāraṅkāy)

నారంగము, నారింజ

橘子

technically "tangerine", but often used as "orange"

there's more than one way to peel an orange

Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensis#Translingual

(countable) An evergreen tree of the genus Citrus such as Citrus sinensis which yields oranges (the fruit).

(countable) Any round citrus fruit with a yellow-red colour when ripe and a sour-sweet taste; the fruit of the orange tree.

(countable) Specifically, a sweet orange or Citrus sinensis.

orange:

(uncountable) The colour of a ripe fruit of an orange tree, midway between red and yellow.


orange

en-adj

orange (comparative oranger or more orange, superlative orangest or most orange)

oranger (comparative)
more orange (comparative)
orangest (superlative)
most orange (superlative)

cog

Tamil நாரங்காய் (nāraṅkāy)

నారంగము, నారింజ

Having the colour of the fruit of an orange tree; yellowred; reddish-yellow.

ɔrenge

having the colour of the fruit of an orange tree


second

From Middle English secunde, second, secound, secund, borrowed from Old French second, seond, from Latin secundus (“following, next in order”), from root of sequor (“I follow”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”). Doublet of secund and secundo. Displaced native twoth and partially displaced native other (from Old English ōþer (“other; next; second”)).

noncog

(music) The interval between two adjacent notes in a diatonic scale (either or both of them may be raised or lowered from the basic scale via any type of accidental).

sekunde

music: interval between two adjacent notes


second

en-verb

second (third-person singular simple present seconds, present participle seconding, simple past and past participle seconded)

seconds (present singular third-person)
seconding (participle present)
seconded (participle past)
seconded (past)

From Middle French seconder, from Latin secundō (“assist, make favorable”).

der

(transitive, music) To accompany by singing as the second performer.


ao

grue ("blue or green", considered one color)


violet

en-adj

violet (comparative violeter, superlative violetest)

violeter (comparative)
violetest (superlative)

From Middle English violet, vyolet, vyolette, from Old French violette, from Latin viola (“violet”). Cognate with Lithuanian violetinė (“purple, violet”) and Spanish violeta (“purple, violet”).


pip

en-verb

pip (third-person singular simple present pips, present participle pipping, simple past and past participle pipped)

pips (present singular third-person)
pipping (participle present)
pipped (participle past)
pipped (past)

onomatopoeic

Imitative


take

Brill Publishers
Helmut Rix
Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben

From Middle English taken (“to take, lay hold of, grasp, strike”), from Old English tacan (“to grasp, touch”), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse taka (“to touch, take”), from Proto-Germanic *tēkaną (“to touch”), from pre-Germanic *deh₁g- (“to touch”), possibly a phonetically altered form of Proto-Indo-European *te-th₂g- (“to touch, take”) (see there for details).
Cognate with Scots tak, Icelandic and Norwegian Nynorsk taka (“to take”), Norwegian Bokmål ta (“to take”), Swedish ta (“to take”), Danish tage (“to take, seize”), Middle Dutch taken (“to grasp”), Dutch taken (“to take; grasp”), Middle Low German tacken (“to grasp”). English thack may be from the same root. Compare tackle. Unrelated to Lithuanian tèkti (“to receive, be granted”), which is instead cognate with English thig.
Gradually displaced Middle English nimen (“to take”; see nim), from Old English niman (“to take”).

noncog

(music) A recording of a musical performance made during an uninterrupted single recording period.


pit

From Middle English pit, pet, püt, from Old English pytt, from Proto-West Germanic *puti, from Latin puteus (“trench, pit, well”), although there are phonetic difficulties.

he who digs a pit for others falls in himself

(music) The section of a marching band containing mallet percussion instruments and other large percussion instruments too large to be marched, such as the tam-tam; the front ensemble. Can also refer to the area on the sidelines where these instruments are placed.


fourth

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

Inherited from Middle English fourthe, an alteration (due to four) of ferthe, from Old English fēorþa, fēowerþa, from Proto-West Germanic *feurþō, from Proto-Germanic *fedurþô, equivalent to four + -th.
cognates
Compare West Frisian fjirde, Saterland Frisian fjädde, fjoode, Dutch vierde, German Low German feerde, feerd, German vierte, Danish fjerde, Icelandic fjórði.

Now I've heard there was a secret chord / That David played, and it pleased the Lord / But you don't really care for music, do ya? / It goes like this, the fourth, the fifth

1984, Leonard Cohen (lyrics and music), “Hallelujah”, in Various Positions:

(music) A musical interval which spans four degrees of the diatonic scale, for example C to F (C D E F).

kwart

musical interval spanning four degrees of the diatonic scale


bank

Probably from French banc. Of Germanic origin, and akin to English bench.

Edward H[enry] Knight
w:Edward H. Knight

(music) A bench, or row of keys belonging to a keyboard, as in an organ.


silver

en-noun

silver (countable and uncountable, plural silvers)

Jamaican Creole: silva

→ Maori: hiriwa

→ Zulu: isiliva

From Middle English silver, selver, sulver, from Old English seolfor, from Proto-West Germanic *silubr, from Proto-Germanic *silubrą (“silver”), of uncertain origin.
cognates and etymology discussion
Cognate with Scots siller (“silver”), Saterland Frisian Säälwer (“silver”), West Frisian sulver (“silver”), Dutch zilver (“silver”), German Low German Silver, Sülver (“silver”), German Silber (“silver”), Swedish silver (“silver”), Icelandic silfur (“silver”). The Germanic word has parallels in Baltic and Slavic (Old Church Slavonic сьрєбро (sĭrebro), Lithuanian sidabras), Celtic (Celtiberian silaPur-), and outside Indo-European, in Basque zilar and Proto-Berber *a-ẓrəf, but the ultimate origin of the word is unknown.
Adjective sense of twenty-fifth wedding anniversary generalized from silver wedding, from German Silberhochzeit, silberne Hochzeit.

արծաթեղեն

items made of silver or other white metal

(uncountable) A lustrous, white, metallic element, atomic number 47, atomic weight 107.87, symbol Ag.

[…] maybe two or three twenties, a dozen tens, and twenty or thirty fins. The rest is all aces and silver.

1990, David F. Friedman, Don DeNevi, A Youth in Babylon: Confessions of a Trash-film King, page 136:

(collectively) Coins made from silver or any similar white metal.

(collectively) Cutlery and other eating utensils, whether silver or made from some other white metal.

(collectively) Any items made from silver or any other white metal.


silver

en-adj

silver (comparative more silver, superlative most silver)

more silver (comparative)
most silver (superlative)

He looked round the poor room, at the distempered walls, and the bad engravings in meretricious frames, the crinkly paper and wax flowers on the chiffonier; and he thought of a room like Father Bryan's, with panelling, with cut glass, with tulips in silver pots, such a room as he had hoped to have for his own.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter X, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

But Richmond[…]appeared to lose himself in his own reflections. Some pickled crab, which he had not touched, had been removed with a damson pie; and his sister saw, peeping around the massive silver epergne that almost obscured him from her view, that he had eaten no more than a spoonful of that either.

1959, Georgette Heyer, chapter 1, in The Unknown Ajax:


adjunct

/ˈæd͡ʒ.ʌŋkt/

From Latin adiunctus, perfect passive participle of adiungō (“join to”), from ad + iungō (“join”). Doublet of adjoint.

(music) A key or scale closely related to another as principal; a relative or attendant key.


tenth

From Middle English tenth, tenthe. Old English had tēoþa (origin of Modern English tithe), but the force of analogy to the cardinal number "ten" caused Middle English speakers to recreate the regular ordinal and re-insert the nasal consonant. Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *tehundô. Equivalent to ten (numeral) + -th (suffix forming ordinals).

affix

(music) The interval between any tone and the tone represented on the tenth degree of the staff above it, as between one of the scale and three of the octave above; the octave of the third.

decima

the interval between any tone and the tone represented on the tenth degree of the staff above it


compass

From Middle English compas (“a circle, circuit, limit, form, a mathematical instrument”), from Old French compas, from Medieval Latin compassus (“a circle, a circuit”), from Latin com- (“together”) + passus (“a pace, step, later a pass, way, route”); see pass, pace.

der

You would sound me from my lowest note to the top of my compass.

c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

(music) The range of notes of a musical instrument or voice.


xylophone

From xylo- (“of wood”) + -phone (“sound”).

All I know how to play on my xylophone is "Mary Had a Little Lamb". Would you like to hear it?

percussion idiophone
percussion idiophone

(music) Any musical instrument (percussion idiophone) made of wooden slats graduated so as to make the sounds of the scale when struck with a small drumstick-like mallet; the standard Western concert xylophone or one of its derivatives.


Jupiter

From Latin Iūpiter (“father Jove”), from Proto-Italic *djous patēr (literally “sky father”) (cognate with Ancient Greek Ζεῦ πάτερ (Zeû páter, “father Zeus”)), from *djous (“day, sky”) + *patēr (“father”), from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (literally “the bright one”), from *dyew- (“to be bright, day sky”), and *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Doublet of Dyaus Pita.

der

5. Jupiter, a Mace of Majestry in Bend Sol.

1693, Richard Blome, The Art of Heraldry, in two parts ... second edition ..., pages 76-77:

George [...] 2d. Jupiter, three Fleurs de Lis Sol, for the Arms of France. 3d. Jupiter, an Irish Harp Sol, stringed Luna, for Ireland.

1718, Samuel Kent, The Grammar of Heraldry … Second Edition:

8. Tierce in Mantle, first Mars, two Lions passant-guardant in pale, Sol, for Brunswick; 2d Sol, Semi of Hearts proper, a Lion rampant Jupiter, for Lunenburgh; 3d, ente en Point, Mars, an Horse currant Luna, for Saxony. Note, these Ensigns (which are the paternal Coat of his Majesty King George) I have added as an Example, to shew the Form of what foreign Heralds term Tierce in Mantle, ente en Pointe, &c. […]

1735, Francis Nichols, The Irish Compendium … vol. III of the British Compendium, second edition, page 80:

ARMS. QUARTERLY, in the first grand Quarter Mars, three Lions passant-guardant in Pale, Sol; the Imperial Ensigns of England, impaled with the Royal Arms of Scotland, which are Sol, a Lion rampant within a double Tressure flower'd and counterflower'd with Fleurs-de-lis, Mars. The second Quarter is the Royal Arms of France, viz. Jupiter, three Fleurs-de-lis, Sol. The third, the Ensign of Ireland, which is, Jupiter, an Harp Sol, stringed Luna.

1737, Benjamin Martin, Bibliotheca Technologica: Or, a Philological Library, page 631:

(heraldry, rare) Azure (blue), in the postmedieval practice of blazoning the tinctures of certain sovereigns' (especially British monarchs') coats as planets.


cherry

→ Bengali: চেরি (ceri)

→ Burmese: ချယ်ရီ (hkyairi)

→ Cantonese: 車厘子／车厘子 (ce¹ lei⁴ zi²)

→ Hindi: चेरी (cerī)

→ Japanese: チェリー (cherī)

→ Kapampangan: tiéri

→ Korean: 체리 (cheri)

→ Malay: ceri

Indonesian: ceri

→ Maori: tiere

→ Punjabi: ਚੈਰੀ f (cairī)

→ Spanish: cherry

→ Swahili: cheri

→ Urdu: چیری (cerī)

→ Thai: เชอร์รี (chəə-rîi)

From Middle English chery, cherie, chirie, from Anglo-Norman cherise (mistaken as a plural) and Old English ċiris, ċirse (“cherry”), both ultimately from Vulgar Latin ceresia, derived from Late Latin ceresium, cerasium, from Ancient Greek κεράσιον (kerásion, “cherry fruit”), from κερασός (kerasós, “bird cherry”), and ultimately possibly of Anatolian origin (the intervocalic σ suggests a pre-Greek origin for the word). Doublet of cerise and kirsch.

dwarf cherry

P. fruticosa, P. pumila; Exocarpus strictus


third

en-noun

third (countable and uncountable, plural thirds)

PIE word
 *tréyes
From Middle English thirde, thridde, from Old English þridda, from Proto-Germanic *þridjô, from Pre-Germanic *tretyós, a remodeling of Proto-Indo-European *tr̥tyós.

They sing in thirds.

(music) An interval consisting of the first and third notes in a scale.


balalaika

balalaika (plural balalaikas or balalaiki)

A plucked stringed instrument with a triangular body, short neck and three strings, of Russian origin.


ninth

From Middle English nynthe, nynte, from Old English niġoþa, from Proto-Germanic *newundô; the -n- was reinserted by analogy with nine.

(music) The compound interval between any tone and the tone represented on the ninth degree of the staff above it, as between one of the scale and two of the octave above; the octave of the second, consisting of 13 or 14 semitones (called minor and major ninth).


bongo

en-verb

bongo (third-person singular simple present bongos, present participle bongoing, simple past and past participle bongoed)

bongos (present singular third-person)
bongoing (participle present)
bongoed (participle past)
bongoed (past)

From United States Spanish bongó, from a Bantu language; probably Ekele boungu.


yak

a traditional Korean flute used in court music


spring

spring (third-person singular simple present springs, present participle springing, simple past sprang or sprung, past participle sprung)

springs (present singular third-person)
springing (participle present)
sprang (past)
sprung (past)
sprung (participle past)
spring (infinitive)

From Middle English springen, from Old English springan (“to spring, leap, bounce, sprout forth, emerge, spread out”), from Proto-West Germanic *springan, from Proto-Germanic *springaną (“to burst forth”), from Proto-Indo-European *spre(n)ǵʰ- (“to move, race, spring”), from *sper- (“to jerk, twitch, snap, shove”).
cognates
* Saterland Frisian springe
* West Frisian springe
* Dutch springen
* German Low German springen
* German springen
* Danish springe
* Swedish springa
* Norwegian springe
* Faroese springa
* Icelandic springa (“to burst, explode”).
Other possible cognates include Lithuanian spreñgti (“to push (in)”), Old Church Slavonic прѧсти (“to spin, to stretch”), Latin spargere (“to sprinkle, to scatter”), Ancient Greek σπέρχω (spérkhō, “to hasten”), Sanskrit स्पृहयति (spṛháyati, “to be eager”). Some newer senses derived from the noun.

cog

...so the man tooke his concubine, and brought her foorth vnto them, and they knew her, and abused her all the night vntil the morning: and when the day began to spring, they let her goe.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Judges 19:25:

Home I vvould go, / But that my Dores are hatefull to my eyes. / Fill'd and damm'd up vvith gaping Creditors, / VVatchfull as Fovvlers vvhen their Game vvill ſpring; […]

1682, Thomas Otway, Venice Preserv’d, or, A Plot Discover’d. A Tragedy. […], London: […] Jos[eph] Hindmarsh […], →OCLC, Act I, scene i, page 4:

(intransitive) To move or burst forth.
To appear.

Who hath diuided a water-course for the ouerflowing of waters? or a way for the lightning of thunder,
To cause it to raine on the earth, where no man is: on the wildernesse wherein there is no man?
To satisfie the desolate and waste ground, and to cause the bud of the tender herbe to spring forth.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 38:25–27:

Commerce! beneath whose poison-breathing shade / No solitary virtue dares to spring, […]

1813, Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Canto V”, in Queen Mab; […], London: […] P. B. Shelley, […], →OCLC, page 61:

Dr. Sigmund Freud... says that everything you and I do springs from two motives: the sex urge and the desire to be great.

1936, Dale Carnegie, How to Win Friends and Influence People, page 42:

There was moisture in the ground, and from it sprang a million flowers, gold and blue and brown and red.

1974, James Albert Michener, Centennial, page 338:

Foxglove sprang tall and purple among the trees.

2006, N. Roberts, Morrigann's Cross, section VI:

(intransitive) To move or burst forth.
To grow, to sprout.
(UK dialectal) To mature.

To move or burst forth.
To grow, to sprout.
To mature.

(figurative) To arise, to come into existence.

To move or burst forth.
To arise, to come into existence.

He hit the gas and the car sprang to life.

(intransitive) To move or burst forth.
(sometimes figurative) To enliven.

Deer spring with their hind legs, using their front hooves to steady themselves.

...into helle spring...

c. 1250, Life of St Margaret, Trin. Col. MS B.14.39 (323), f. 22v

Ye kynge... sprange out of his chare and resseyuyd them worshipfully.

1474, William Caxton, transl., Game and Playe of the Chesse, iii, vii, 141:

...the Mountain Stag, that springs
From Height to Height, and bounds along the Plains,
Nor has a Master to restrain his Course...

...out on the lawn there arose such a clatter,
I sprang from my bed to see what was the matter.

1827, Clement Clarke Moore, (A Visit from St. Nicholas):

However, with the dainty volume my quondam friend sprang into fame. At the same time he cast off the chrysalis of a commonplace existence.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

Thus she advanced; her belly low, almost touching the surface of the ground—a great cat preparing to spring upon its prey.

1912, Edgar Rice Burroughs, chapter 5, in Tarzan of the Apes:

Reporters sprang to the conclusion that the speech would make detailed new commitments...

(figurative, usually with cardinal adverbs) To move with great speed and energy.

To move or burst forth.
To move with great speed and energy.

He sprang from peasant stock.

From this basis, a first-order difference equation for the evolution of capital per worker is found, and the time path of the economy springs from this equation.

2008, George McCandless, The ABCs of RBCs, Harvard University Press, page 7:

(usually with from) To be born, descend, or originate from

To move or burst forth.
To be born, descend, or originate from

(obsolete) To rise in social position or military rank, to be promoted.

...þe wound þat was springand with huge stremes of blude...

c. 1540, Livy, translated by John Bellenden, History of Rome, Vol. I, i, xxii, p. 125:

The boat sprang a leak and began to sink.


spring

en-noun

spring (countable and uncountable, plural springs)

From Middle English spryng (“a wellspring, tide, branch, sunrise, kind of dance or blow, ulcer, snare, flock”); partly from Old English spring (“wellspring, ulcer”), from Proto-West Germanic *spring, from Proto-Germanic *springaz (“a wellspring, fount”); and partly from Old English spryng (“a jump”), from Proto-West Germanic *sprungi, from Proto-Germanic *sprungiz (“a jump”). Further senses derived from the verb and from clippings of day-spring, springtime, spring tide, etc. Its sense as the season, first attested in a work predating 1325, gradually replaced Middle English lente, lentin, from Old English lencten (“spring, Lent”) as that word became more specifically liturgical. Compare fall.

ааԥын

season between winter and summer in temperate climates

Heav'ns what a spring was in his Arm, to throw:
How high he held his Shield, and rose at ev'ry blow!

1697, John Dryden, Virgil's Aeneis, Bk. xi, ll. 437–8

Mrs Durbeyfield, excited by her song, trod the rocker with all the spring that was left in her after a long day's seething in the suds.

1891, Thomas Hardy, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, volume 1, London: James R. Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., page 30:

(uncountable) Springiness: an attribute or quality of springing, springing up, or springing back, particularly


pink

Origin uncertain; perhaps from Dutch pinken (“blink”) or the English verb pink from the same source. Perhaps from the notion of the petals being pinked.

A color reminiscent of pinks, the flowers.

Magenta, the colour evoked by red and blue light when combined.


copula

Borrowed from Latin copula (“connection, linking of words”), from co- (“together”) + apere (“fasten”). Doublet of couple.

bor

(music) A device that connects two or more keyboards of an organ.


fifth

PIE word
 *pénkʷe
From Middle English fifthe, fifte, fift, from Old English fīfta (“fifth”), from Proto-Germanic *fimftô (“fifth”) or *femftô, equivalent to five + -th. Cognate with Scots fift, fyft (“fifth”), North Frisian fyfde (“fifth”), West Frisian fyfde (“fifth”), Dutch vijfde (“fifth”), Low German fifte, föfte, füfte (“fifth”), German fünfte (“fifth”), Danish femte (“fifth”), Swedish femte (“fifth”), Icelandic fimmta (“fifth”).

Now I've heard there was a secret chord / That David played, and it pleased the Lord / But you don't really care for music, do ya? / It goes like this, the fourth, the fifth

1984, Leonard Cohen (lyrics and music), “Hallelujah”, in Various Positions:

(music) The musical interval between one note and another five scale degrees higher (the fifth note in a scale)


fifth

en-verb

fifth (third-person singular simple present fifths, present participle fifthing, simple past and past participle fifthed)

fifths (present singular third-person)
fifthing (participle present)
fifthed (participle past)
fifthed (past)

Another extension of strict organum is 'fifthing'. Fifthing is a note-against- note method of creating a two-part texture by improvising a second voice over the given tune, starting and ending each musical phrase at the octave and proceeding mainly in fifths above the tune at others times.

1996, Music in Early English Religious Drama: Minstrels playing, page 510:

Each of these three groups contributes some special insight into the nature of fifthing and the context in which it was practiced.

1978, Discant and the Theory of Fifthing:

(music) To sing in the fifth voice in a polyphonic melody.


head

en-noun

head (countable and uncountable, plural heads or head)

base

antonym(s) of “topmost part of anything”

→ Japanese: ヘッド (heddo)

Sranan Tongo: ede

Aukan: ede

Saramaccan: hédi

From Middle English hed, heed, heved, heaved, from Old English hēafd-, hēafod (“head; top; source, origin; chief, leader; capital”), from Proto-West Germanic *haubud, from Proto-Germanic *haubudą (“head”), from Proto-Indo-European *káput-. The modern word comes from Old English oblique stem hēafd-, the expected Modern English outcome for hēafod would be *heaved (similar to the Middle English word). Doublet of cape, capo, caput, chef, chief, and Howth.
cognates
Cognate with Scots heid, hede, hevid, heved (“head”), Old English hafola (“head”), North Frisian hood (“head”), Dutch hoofd (“head”), German Haupt (“head”), Swedish huvud (“head”), Danish hoved (“head”), Icelandic höfuð (“head”), Latin caput (“head”), Sanskrit कपाल (kapāla, “skull”), Hindi कपाल (kapāl, “skull”).

頭

つぶり, tsuburi, つぃぶる, tsiburu, つぃぶるぃ, tsiburi

pää

have one's head screwed on the right way

run around like a chicken with its head cut off

would lose one's head if it wasn't attached

would lose one's head if it wasn't bolted on

would lose one's head if it wasn't glued on

would lose one's head if it wasn't screwed on

would lose one's head if it wasn't stuck on

would lose one's head if it wasn't tied on

would lose one's head if it weren't attached

you can't put an old head on young shoulders

you can't put a wise head on young shoulders

Tap the head of the drum for this roll.

en:topmost, foremost, or leading part of any of various things

(countable) The topmost, foremost, or leading part.

(countable) The principal operative part of a machine or tool.

(music) A drum head, the membrane which is hit to produce sound.

The topmost, foremost, or leading part.
The headstock of a guitar.

Only true heads know this.

(social, countable, metonymically) A leader or expert.

(music, slang, figurative, metonymically) A person with an extensive knowledge of hip hop.

(jazz) The principal melody or theme of a piece.


septuplet

A group of seven, particularly (music) a tuplet of seven notes.


sixth

six (frequent reduced form before a consonant)

From earlier sixt, from Middle English sixte, from Old English siexta, from Proto-Germanic *sehstô.

(music) The interval between one note and another, five notes higher in the scale, for example C to A, a major sixth, or C to A flat, a minor sixth. (Note that the interval covers six notes counting inclusively, for example C-D-E-F-G-A.)


midnight

From Middle English midnight, from Old English midniht, from Proto-Germanic *midjanahts (“midnight”), equivalent to mid- + night. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Midnoacht (“midnight”), Old High German mittinaht (“midnight”), Danish midnat (“midnight”), Swedish midnatt (“midnight”), Icelandic miðnætti (“midnight”). Compare also Saterland Frisian Middernoacht (“midnight”), Dutch middernacht (“midnight”), German Mitternacht (“midnight”).

cog

Free and falling, his midnight hair flowed out all around us like a silk canopy.

2013, Sharon Ricklin, Ravenswynd Legends, page 143:


tick

en-noun

tick (countable and uncountable, plural ticks)

From Middle English tike, probably from Middle Dutch, from Latin theca (“cover”).


octuplet

(music) A group of eight notes played in the time of six.


sextuplet

(music) A group of six notes played in the time of four.

(music, proscribed) A group of six notes played in the time of four, with accents on the first, third and fifth notes.

(music, proscribed) A group of six notes played in the time of four, with accents on the first and fourth notes; a double triplet.

(music, proscribed) A group of six notes played in the time of four, with an accent only on the first note.


quintuplet

From quintuple + -et, from Middle French quintuple.

A group of five, particularly (music) a tuplet of five notes to be played in the time for four.


quadruplet

A set of four, particularly
(music) A tuplet of four notes.

A set of four, particularly
A tuplet of four notes.


purple

From Middle English purple, purpel, from Old English purpul (“purple”, adjective), taken from Old English purpure (“purple colour”, noun), from Latin purpura (“purple dye, shellfish”), from Ancient Greek πορφύρα (porphúra, “purple-fish”), perhaps of Semitic origin. Doublet of purpura and purpure.
The sense of "imperial power" is from the wearing of the color purple by emperors and kings.

der

Any of various species of mollusks from which Tyrian purple dye was obtained, especially the common dog whelk.


close

From Middle English closen (“to close, enclose”), partly continuing (in altered form) earlier Middle English clusen (“to close”) (from Old English clȳsan (“to close, shut”); compare beclose, foreclose, etc.), and partly derived from Middle English clos (“close, shut up, confined, secret”, adjective), from Old French clos (“close, confined”, adjective), from Latin clausus (“shut up”, past participle), from claudere (“to bar, block, close, enclose, bring an end to, confine”), from Proto-Indo-European *klāw- (“key, hook, nail”), related to Latin clāvis (“key, deadbolt, bar”), clāvus (“nail, peg”), claustrum (“bar, bolt, barrier”), claustra (“dam, wall, barricade, stronghold”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “bar, bolt, key”), German schließen (“to close, conclude, lock”), Dutch sluiten (“to close, conclude, lock”). Partially replaced Old English lūcan (“to close, lock, enclose”), (whence English lock). Doublet of clause.

cog

At every close she made, the attending throng / Replied, and bore the burden of the song.

1700, [John] Dryden, “The Flower and the Leaf: Or, The Lady in the Arbour. A Vision.”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

(music) The conclusion of a strain of music; cadence.


tonight

From Middle English tonyght, to niȝt, from Old English tō niht.

Besides, I met Lord Bigot and Lord Salisbury,
With eyes as red as new-enkindled fire,
And others more, going to seek the grave
Of Arthur, whom they say is killed to-night
On your suggestion.

1596, William Shakespeare, The Life and Death of King John, act 4, scene 2, page 165:

I dreamt tonight that I did feast with Caesar,
And things unluckily charge my fantasy;

1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:


consonant

en-adj

consonant (comparative more consonant, superlative most consonant)

more consonant (comparative)
most consonant (superlative)

From Middle English consonant or consonaunt, from Old French consonant, from Latin cōnsonāns (“sounding with”), from the prefix con- (“with”) + the present participle sonāns (“sounding”), from sonāre (“to sound”). The Latin is a calque of Ancient Greek σύμφωνον (súmphōnon).

consonant tones; consonant chords

(music) Harmonizing together; accordant.


quaver

From Middle English quaveren, frequentative form of quaven, cwavien (“to tremble”), equivalent to quave + -er. Cognate with Low German quabbeln (“to quiver”), German quabbeln, quappeln (“to quiver”). More at quave, quab, quiver.

The crotchets and quavers are dancing up and down the stave like little black boys on a fence.

1920 August 27, Katherine Mansfield [pseudonym; Kathleen Mansfield Murry], “The Wind Blows”, in Bliss and Other Stories, London: Constable & Company, published 1920, →OCLC, pages 140–141:

(music) an eighth note, drawn as a crotchet (quarter note) with a tail.

โน้ตตัวเขบ็ดหนึ่งชั้น (nóot-dtuua-kà-bèt-nʉ̀ng-chán, literally “one layer quaver body note”)


time

en-noun

time (countable and uncountable, plural times)

Sranan Tongo: ten

→ Punjabi:

desc

Gurmukhi script: ਟਾਇਮ (ṭāima), ਟੈਮ (ṭaim), ਟਾਈਮ (ṭāīma)

Shahmukhi script: ٹائم (ṭā'im)

From Middle English tyme, time, from Old English tīma (“time, period, space of time, season, lifetime, fixed time, favorable time, opportunity”), from Proto-West Germanic *tīmō, from Proto-Germanic *tīmô (“time”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂imō, from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂y- (“to divide”). Related to tide. Not related to Latin tempus.
cognates
*Scots tym, tyme (“time”)
*Alemannic German Zimen, Zīmmän (“time, time of the year, opportune time, opportunity”)
*Danish time (“hour, lesson”)
*Swedish timme (“hour”)
*Norwegian time (“lesson, hour”)
*Faroese tími (“hour, lesson, time”)
*Icelandic tími (“time, season”).

عَصْر

extended period of time, defined or undefined: age, era, etc.

at church every time the doors swing open

desperate times call for desperate measures

desperate times require desperate measures

serial time-encoded amplified microscopy

there is a place and time for everything

there is a time and a place for everything

there is a time and place for everything

there's a time and a place for everything

time spent laughing is time spent with the gods

time stretch analog-to-digital converter

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 106. Time

The musician keeps good time.

some few lines set unto a solemn time

1619–1620, John Fletcher, Philip Massinger, “The False One. A Tragedy.”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii:

(music, uncountable) The measured duration of sounds.

(uncountable) Tempo; a measured rate of movement.

The measured duration of sounds.
Tempo; a measured rate of movement.

common or triple time; time signature

(uncountable) Rhythmical division, meter.

The measured duration of sounds.
Rhythmical division, meter.

কাল

major division of the year: month, season, etc.

After the introduction, the drummer is to play time.

(jazz) (uncountable) A straight rhythmic pattern, free from fills, breaks and other embellishments.

(dated) dance time; march time (see usage notes)


X-ray

en-verb

X-ray (third-person singular simple present X-rays, present participle X-raying, simple past and past participle X-rayed)

X-rays (present singular third-person)
X-raying (participle present)
X-rayed (participle past)
X-rayed (past)

From X + ray, a calque of German X-Strahl, coined by Wilhelm Röntgen upon his discovery of the rays in 1895, X signifying their unknown nature.

Of course there was nothing wrong with my left wrist. They X-rayed the wrong arm!

1925, Sidney Coe Howard, They Knew What They Wanted (Doubleday, Page and Company), Act II, page 116.
Both legs broken in the morning. Tibia, fibula, femur, and ischium. X-rayed and set inside of an hour after the accident.

(transitive, informal) To take a radiograph of; to obtain an image of using X-ray radiation, especially for the purpose of medical diagnostic evaluation.


chartreuse

en-noun

chartreuse (countable and uncountable, plural chartreuses)

Borrowed from French chartreuse. Doublet of charterhouse.

Old Tinker, in evening dress, sat uncomfortably, sideways, upon the edge of a wicker and brocade “chaise lounge,” finishing a tiny glass of chartreuse, while Talbot Potter, in the middle of the room, took leave of a second guest who had been dining with him.

1921, Booth Tarkington, Harlequin and Columbine:

A yellow or green liqueur made by Carthusian monks.


kerosene

kerosene (countable and uncountable, plural kerosenes)

→ Assamese: কেৰাচিন (kerasin)

→ Bengali: কেরোসিন (kerōśin)

→ Farefare: karẽnzĩn

→ Moore: karenzĩ

desctree

→ Russian: кероси́н (kerosín)
→ Armenian: կերոսին (kerosin)
→ Ingrian: karassi
→ Kazakh: керосин (kerosin)
→ Yakut: кыраһыын (kırahıın)

From Ancient Greek κηρός (kērós, “wax”) + -ene; a name trademarked in 1854.

affix

The kerosene lasted all winter, so the furnace kept us always warm.

The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania.[…]It was used to make kerosene, the main fuel for artificial lighting after overfishing led to a shortage of whale blubber. Other liquids produced in the refining process, too unstable or smoky for lamplight, were burned or dumped.

2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

A thin, often colorless or blue or straw-colored petroleum-based fuel, heavier than gasoline/petrol or naptha but lighter than diesel, used primarily as jet fuel but also for heating and lighting in some remote or impoverished areas.


or

From Middle English or; partially contracted from other, auther, from Old English āþor, āwþer, āhwæþer ("some, any, either"; > either); and partially from Middle English oththe, from Old English oþþe, from Proto-Germanic *efþau (“or”).

(logic) An operator denoting the disjunction of two propositions or truth values. There are two forms, the inclusive or and the exclusive or.

od

euphonic alt. form used before a vowel, especially "o"


or

(logic, electronics) Alternative form of OR


or

en-noun

or (countable and uncountable, plural ors)

From late Middle English or (“gold”), borrowed from Middle French or (“yellow”), from Old French or, from Latin aurum (“gold”). Doublet of aurum.

The metals are gold and silver, these being termed "or" and "argent".

1909, Arthur Charles Fox-Davies, A Complete Guide to Heraldry:

In engraving, "Or" is expressed by dots.

1889, Charles Norton Elvin, A Dictionary of Heraldry:

or:

(heraldry) The gold or yellow tincture on a coat of arms.


or

(heraldry) Of gold or yellow tincture on a coat of arms.

guld

of yellow or gold tincture on a coat of arms


mi

From Glover's solmization, from Middle English mi (“third degree or note of Guido of Arezzo's hexachordal scales”), Italian mi in the solmization of Guido of Arezzo, from the first syllable of Latin mīra (“miracles; the miraculous”) in the lyrics of the scale-ascending hymn Ut queant laxis by Paulus Deacon.

inh

(music) A syllable used in sol-fa (solfège) to represent the third note of a major scale.


bisque

en-noun

bisque (countable and uncountable, plural bisques)

Borrowed from French bisque, possibly from Biscaye.

lobster bisque

A thick creamy soup made from fish, shellfish, meat or vegetables.


banana

banana (countable and uncountable, plural bananas)

Borrowed from Portuguese banana or Spanish banana, derived from a Niger-Congo language spoken in the Guinea region. Specific derivation is unclear. Possible ancestor or cognate languages include Wolof banaana, Eastern Maninkakan banana, and Vai ꕒꘌꕯ (ɓaana) or ꕒꕌꕯ (ɓaana). However, Ay Baati Wolof (Munro & Gaye, 1997) posits that Wolof banaana is itself derived from Portuguese banana.
The racial slur derives from the notion that they are "Yellow (East-Asian) on the outside, White (Westernized) on the inside".

banánový (corresponding to English attributive use)

(corresponding to English attributive use) banánový

The tropical tree-like plant which bears clusters of bananas, a plant of the genus Musa (but sometimes also including plants from Ensete), which has large, elongated leaves.

(derogatory, ethnic slur) A person of East or Southeast Asian descent, considered to be overly assimilated and subservient to white authority.

banana equivalent dose
banana equivalent dose

(nuclear physics) A banana equivalent dose.

(computer science, colloquial) A catamorphism (from the use of banana brackets in the notation).


bombard

From Middle English bombard, from Middle French bombarde (“a bombard, mortar, catapult"; also "a bassoon-like musical instrument”), from Latin bombus (“buzzing; booming”).
The modern pronunciation is from modern French bombarde.


aquamarine

en-noun

aquamarine (countable and uncountable, plural aquamarines)

From Latin aqua marīna (“sea water”), adjective form from mare (“sea”).

aquamarine:

Before we could embark on the details of his mother's health we were joined by a fair, plump woman of indefinite age, who had once been—and at moments still was—very pretty. She wore a simple black silk dress, perhaps in deference to Tilly's death, though the note of mourning was jarred by flamboyant aquamarine ear-rings and too much rouge.

1956, Delano Ames, chapter 4, in Crime out of Mind:

A transparent bluish-green, sometimes yellow-green, variety of beryl.


expression

expression (countable and uncountable, plural expressions)

Borrowed from Middle French expression, from Late Latin expressiō, expressiōnem (“a pressing out”).
Morphologically express + -ion.

der

(music) The tone of voice or sound in music.


subject

From Latin subiectus (“a subject, an inferior”), subiectum (“the subject of a proposition”), past participle of subiciō (“throw, lay, place”), from sub (“under, at the foot of”) + iaciō (“throw, hurl”).

The earliest known form of subject is the ecclesiastical cantus firmus, or plain song.

1878, William Smith Rockstro, “Subject”, in A Dictionary of Music and Musicians:

(music) The main theme or melody, especially in a fugue.


stem

From Middle English stem, stemme, stempne, stevin, from Old English stemn, from Proto-West Germanic *stamni, from Proto-Germanic *stamniz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, stay”).

the apple does not fall far from the stem

(music) A vertical stroke marking the length of a note in written music.

varsi

music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music

Stem mastering processes a mix by breaking it down into several manageable pieces—that is, stereo stems. The stem approach allows the mastering engineer the opportunity to make larger or smaller changes to separate mix elements before the final compression and limiting are applied to the complete mix.

2019, Karl Pedersen, Mark Grimshaw-Aagaard, The Recording, Mixing, and Mastering Reference Handbook, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 268:

(music) A premixed portion of a track for use in audio mastering and remixing.


sienna

en-noun

sienna (countable and uncountable, plural siennas)

From Italian terra di Siena (“earth of Siena”), Siena being the most notable Renaissance location of the clay.

uder

(countable) A form of clay containing iron and manganese.