score

en-verb

score (third-person singular simple present scores, present participle scoring, simple past and past participle scored)

scores (present singular third-person)
scoring (participle present)
scored (participle past)
scored (past)
score (infinitive)

→⇒ Irish: scóráil

Godfather II is nothing like ready. It is not yet scored, and thus not mixed. There remain additional shooting, looping, editing.

1974, New York Magazine, volume 7, number 45, page 98:

Robertson scored several of Scorsese’s films, including Raging Bull, Casino, The Wolf of Wall Street and The Irishman.

2023 August 10, Adrian Horton, “Robbie Robertson, member of the Band, dies at age 80”, in The Guardian, UK:

(transitive, music, film) To provide (a film, etc.) with a musical score.

soitintaa

to provide a film, etc. with a musical score


achiote

en-noun

achiote (countable and uncountable, plural achiotes)

/ˌɑt͡ʃiːˈoʊti/

Borrowed from Spanish achiote, from Classical Nahuatl āchiyōtl.

Bixa orellana
Bixa orellana#Translingual

A tropical American evergreen shrub, Bixa orellana; the lipstick tree.


chi

From the Mandarin 氣／气 (qì) from the Wade–Giles romanization: chʻi⁴, from Middle Chinese 氣 (MC khj+jH), from Old Chinese 氣 (OC *kʰɯds, “breath, vapor”). Compare modern Japanese 気(き) (ki), Korean 기(氣) (gi) and Vietnamese khí (氣).

Early Taoist philosophers and alchemists regarded ch'i as a vital force inhering in the breath and bodily fluids and developed techniques to alter and control the movement of ch'i within the body; their aim was to achieve physical longevity and spiritual power.

[1987, “ch'i”, in Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th edition, volume 3, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 186, column 3:

He took several deep breaths, finding his chi as Butler had taught him.

2001, Eoin Colfer, Artemis Fowl, Viking Press, page 196:

At the greenmarket, it’s still mostly potatoes and apples. There are no tender greens, fava beans, peas, asparagus, artichokes, sorrel, rhubarb or early strawberries.
Those harbingers of the season are said to be full of chi, or qi, the Chinese word for life force. We’re craving them as we’re craving lighter, brighter-tasting meals, food that is greener and fresher.

2013 April 2, David Tanis, “Hurry Up, Spring”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-04-02, Dining & Wine:

According to traditional Chinese medicine, blood carries chi, your “life force,” which fuels all the functions of the body. When you lose blood, you lose chi, and this causes your body to go into a state of yin (cold). When yin (cold) and yang (hot) are out of balance, your body will suffer physical disorders.

2017 January 8, Leslie Hsu Oh, “I tried the Chinese practice of ‘sitting the month’ after childbirth”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-01-08, Health & Science:

(philosophy) A life force in traditional Chinese philosophy, culture, medicine, etc, related (but not limited) to breath and circulation.


petrol

petrol (usually uncountable, plural petrols)

→ Afrikaans: petrol

→ Tibetan: པེ་ཊོལ (pe ṭol)

From French (essence de) pétrole, from Medieval Latin petroleum, from Ancient Greek πετρέλαιον (petrélaion, “oil of the rock”), from πέτρα (pétra, “stone, rock”)+ ἔλαιον (élaion, “olive oil, any oily substance”).

der

1987 October 29, Advertisement, New Scientist, page 31,
We were the first company to introduce unleaded petrol in Britain, opening our first pump in June 1986.

2000 September 27, Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the 106th Congress, Second Session, Volume 146, Part 14, page 19605,
European oil firms are beginning to follow the example of their American counterparts by adding convenience stores to their pumps: the typical American petrol station now makes some 40 percent of its profits from the sale of non-oil products, such as cigarettes and beer.

2003, S. Srinivasan, Automotive Mechanics, Tata McGraw Hill, India, 2nd Edition, page 149,
At a crank angle 6° before the TDC, the electric spark ignites the petrol mixture.

He also admitted that when big trucks bring in petrol, they park along Langata Road[…].

2006 February 10, Kenya Gazette, page 354:

2006 August, Economic Scenario, Pratiyogita Darpan, page 218,
The increase in rates comes just a few days after India raised petrol prices by 9-2% and diesel prices by 6-6% which boosed inflation expectations in Indian economy.

2008, Robin Stonecash, Joshua Gans, Stephen King, Gregory Mankiw, Principles of Macroeconomics, Cengage Learning Australia, page 122,
Most major Australian cities receive their petrol from a single refinery.

(Commonwealth, excluding Canada) A fluid consisting of a mixture of refined petroleum hydrocarbons, primarily consisting of octane, commonly used as a motor fuel.


knock

en-noun

knock (countable and uncountable, plural knocks)

From Middle English knokken, from Old English cnocian, ġecnocian, cnucian (“to knock, pound on, beat”), from Proto-West Germanic *knokōn, from Proto-Germanic *knukōną (“to knock”), a suffixed form of *knu-, *knew- (“to pound on, beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *gnew-, *gen- (“to squeeze, pinch, kink, ball up, concentrate”). The English word is cognate with Middle High German knochen (“to hit”), Old English cnuian, cnuwian (“to pound, knock”), Old Norse knoka (compare Danish knuge (“to squeeze”), Swedish knocka (“to hug”)).

I heard a knock on my door.

An abrupt rapping sound, as from an impact of a hard object against wood.

(automotive, uncountable) Preignition, a type of abnormal combustion occurring in spark ignition engines caused by self-ignition; also, the characteristic knocking sound associated with it.


achromatic

en-adj

achromatic (comparative more achromatic, superlative most achromatic)

more achromatic (comparative)
most achromatic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek ἀχρωμάτιστος (akhrōmátistos, “uncolored”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + χρῶμα (khrôma, “color”), equivalent to a- + chromatic; compare French achromatique.

der

ἀχρωμάτιστος

(music) Having only the diatonic notes of the scale; not modified by accidentals.

диатоничен

music: having only the diatonic notes of the scale


forte

This passage is forte, then there's a diminuendo to mezzo piano.

(music) Loud. Used as a dynamic directive in sheet music in its abbreviated form, "f.", to indicate raising the volume of the music. (Abbreviated in musical notation with an f, the Unicode character 1D191.)


forte

The musicians played the passage forte.


bow

From Middle English bowe, from Old English boga, Proto-West Germanic *bogō, from Proto-Germanic *bugô.
Cognate with West Frisian boge, Dutch boog, German Bogen, Swedish båge.

strykstok

rod used for playing stringed instruments

(music) A rod with horsehair (or an artificial substitute) stretched between the ends, used for playing various stringed musical instruments.


cocoa

A Dictionary of the English Language
Samuel Johnson
en:cocoa

en-noun

cocoa (countable and uncountable, plural cocoas)

From Spanish cacao, from Classical Nahuatl cacahuatl. The form cocoa by confusion with coco, popularized by Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language. Doublet of cacao.

An unsweetened brown powder made from roasted, ground cocoa beans, used in making chocolate, and in cooking.

Do you like cocoa?

Half past nine - high time for supper;
Cocoa, love? Of course, my dear.
Helen thinks it quite delicious,
John prefers it now to beer....
¶For they've stumbled on the secret
Of a love that never wanes,
Rapt beneath the tumbled bedclothes,
Cocoa coursing through their veins.

1979, Stanley J. Sharpless, A Food Lover's Companion, Harper & Row, Evan Jones (edit.)

(uncountable) A hot drink made with milk, cocoa powder, and sugar.

cocoa:

(countable) A light to medium brown colour.


cocoa

A Dictionary of the English Language
Samuel Johnson

Of a light to medium brown colour, like that of cocoa powder.


cocoa

By confusion with cocoa, popularized by Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language.

(now nonstandard) Alternative spelling of coco.


flamingo

/fləˈmɪŋɡoʊ/

Diccionario de la lengua española
flamingo

From Portuguese flamengo (“flamingo”) and Spanish flamenco (“flamingo”), which were adapted from Catalan flamenc (“flamingo”), of disputed ultimate origin in this sense. All three forms are used adjectivally as an ethnonym meaning 'Flemish' (of Germanic origin, cognate to English Fleming); Spanish flamenco refers also to a dance type. Compare also French flamant (“flamingo”).
*The bird's name may derive from the ethnonym by an association of a ruddy complexion or hair color with the Flemings; this etymology is supported by Corominas. (In Spanish, flamenco can be used colloquially as an adjective meaning "robust, healthy-looking".)
* Alternatively, either the dance flamenco, the bird name or both come from attaching the same Germanic-derived ending found in the ethnonym to the distinct root of Latin flamma (“flame”): i.e. Catalan flamenc has been analyzed as flama (“flame”) + -enc. Compare also Portuguese -engo.

Of a deep pink color tinged with orange, like that of a flamingo.


cent

→ Cantonese: 仙 (sin¹)

→ Catalan: cent

→ French: cent

→ Georgian: ცენტი (cenṭi)

→ Hebrew: סנט (sent)

→ Italian: cent

→ Korean: 센트 (senteu)

→ Min Nan: 仙 (sian)

→ Polish: cent

→ Samoan: sene
→ English: sene

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: це̏нт

Latin script: cȅnt

→ Swahili: senti

→ Swedish: cent

Tok Pisin: sen
→ Rotokas: sieri

From Middle English cent, from Old French cent, from Latin centum, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm.

(music) A hundredth of a semitone or half step.


linen

linen (countable and uncountable, plural linens)

From Middle English lynnen, lynen, from Old English līnen (“linen", "made of flax”), from Proto-West Germanic *līnīn (“made of flax”), from Proto-Germanic *līną (“flax”), from Proto-Indo-European *līno- (“flax”), equivalent to line + -en. Cognate with Latin līnum (“flax”). More at line.

inh

She put the freshly cleaned linens into the linen closet.

But then I had the [massive] flintlock by me for protection. ¶[…]The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window at the old mare feeding in the meadow below by the brook,[…].

1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

(countable) Domestic textiles, such as tablecloths, bedding, towels, underclothes, etc., that are made of linen or linen-like fabrics of cotton or other fibers; linens.

linen:

A light beige colour, like that of linen cloth undyed.


red violet

Of a purplish red colour, like that of a red violet flower.


manual

en-noun

manual (countable and uncountable, plural manuals)

From Middle English manuel, from Anglo-Norman manuel, Old French manual, from Latin manuālis, from manus (“hand”).

(countable) A device that is operated using the hands, or by a human rather than a machine.

(music) A keyboard for the hands on a harpsichord, organ, or other musical instrument.


manatee

→ Japanese: マナティー (manatī)

→ Korean: 매너티 (maeneoti)

→ Welsh: manatî

Borrowed from Spanish manatí, from a Cariban-language term meaning ‘breast’, ultimately from Proto-Cariban *manatɨ; compare Kari'na manaty, Trió manatï, Apalaí manaty, Akawaio manatï, Pemon manatü, Macushi manatî.

The ecological importance of the manatee is clear; scientists have demonstrated the dependancy of all components of an ecosystem on one another . . .

1988, Tampa Bay Magazine (Sept–Oct 1988, page 60)

Any of several plant-eating marine mammals, of family Trichechidae, found in tropical regions.

lamantyn

any of several plant-eating marine mammals, of family Trichechidae


minor

en-adj

minor (comparative more minor, superlative most minor)

more minor (comparative)
most minor (superlative)

antonym(s) of

serious, grave, severe, dangerous, fatal, life-threatening, acute (informal)

From Middle English minor, menor, menour, etc., from Latin minor (“lesser; young; young person”) both directly and via Norman and Middle French menor, menour, etc. Doublet of minus but not mini-. Cognate with minister, minify, Minorca, Menshevik, and possibly minnow. Compare Latin minimum and minuō, Old High German minniro, Cornish minow.

der

The musical interval between C and E♭ is a minor third while C to E is a major third.

...a certaine Fraction, which may be the difference betwixt a Tone major and a Tone minor, which we nominate a Schism...

1653, Rene Descartes, translated by Lord Brouncker, Excellent Compendium of Musick, page 30:

Lesser, smaller in importance, size, degree, seriousness, or significance compared to another option, particularly:

(music) Smaller by a diatonic semitone than the equivalent major interval.

Beethoven's melancholy Moonlight Sonata is scored in the key of C# minor, using the diatonic scale C♯, D♯, E, F♯, G♯, A, and B, but modulates throughout.

The minor mode of D is tender.

1772, William Jones, “On the Arts, Commonly Called Imitative”, in Poems..., page 209:

The first chorus: ‘Behold the Lamb of God’, with its dark minor chords, brings threatening clouds over us.

1843 March, United States Magazine & Democratic Review, page 273:

Modern harmonists are unwilling to acknowledge that the minor triad is less consonant than the major.

1880, Edmund Gurney, The Power of Sound, page 271:

After harmony was introduced into music during the late Middle Ages, major and minor triads emerged as the principal chords. The major triad, as C E G, was regarded with especial favor, because it occurs naturally in the harmonic series, as on bugles, and can be expressed by the simple ratios, 4:5:6. A system of tuning for the diatonic scale known today as just intonation gained support in the 16th century, because its principal triads, C E G, F A C, and G B D, had these just ratios. But an important minor triad, D F A, is harsh in just intonation, and other unsatisfactory triads result when this tuning is extended to the complete chromatic scale.

1948 November, J.M. Barbour, “Music and Ternary Continued Fractions”, in American Mathematical Monthly, volume 55, number 9, page 545:

The first voice of the fugue that Elizabeth had played... came to him, inverted mockingly and in a minor key.

1951, Carson McCullers, “The Sojourner”, in O. Henry Prize Stories of 1951, page 200:

Tufnel: It's part of a trilogy, really, a musical trilogy that I'm doing in D... minor which I always find is really the saddest of all keys, really. I don't know why but it makes people weep instantly to play it... This piece is called "Lick My Love Pump".

1984, Christopher Guest et al., This Is Spin̈al Tap:

He was a moralist in a minor key, more concerned that people should say ‘tinned peaches’ and not ‘tin peaches’, than that they should worry about nuclear disarmament.

1995 October 23, John Walsh, “The Pragmatic Entertainer Who Said the Unsayable”, in The Independent, page 3:

(music) Incorporating a minor third interval above the (in scales) tonic or (in chords) root note, (also figurative) tending to produce a dark, discordant, sad, or pensive effect.

The minor perfect mode was marked by one single line which crossed three spaces, and the longue was equal to three breves... The minor imperfect mode was marked by a line which crossed two spaces only, and its longue was equal only to two breves.

1779, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, translated by William Waring, Complete Dictionary of Music, page 243:

(music, historical) Of or related to the relationship between the longa and the breve in a score.

Josquin works in minor prolation—that is, works in which the signature indicates that a semibreve is equal to two minims, often have a 3 as a medial signature for a few measures, indicating that until the 3 is canceled by the reappearance of a sign for minor prolation, there are to be 3 minims to a semibreve.

1969, Arthur Mendel, "Some Preliminary Attempts at Computer-Assisted Style Analysis in Music", Computers and the Humanities, Vol. 4, No. 1, p. 45

(music, historical) Having semibreves twice as long as a minim.


minor

byvak

subject of secondary undergraduate study

(music) Ellipsis of minor interval, scale, mode, key, chord, triad, etc.


puce

en-noun

puce (countable and uncountable, plural puces)

From French couleur puce, from Latin pūlex (“flea”).

puce:

dark puce:

For blacks, browns, puces, and violets, the acetate or tartrate of iron must be employed.

1881, Alvin Wood Chase, Dr. Chase's Recipes Or, Information for Everybody, page 596:

A brownish-purple color, sometimes more or less deep red or grayish.


puce

en-adj

puce (comparative pucer, superlative pucest)

pucer (comparative)
pucest (superlative)

→ Welsh: piws

Of a brownish-purple color, sometimes more or less deep red or grayish.


course

→ Gulf Arabic: كورس (kōrs)

From Middle English cours, from Old French cours, from Latin cursus (“course of a race”), from currō (“run”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). Doublet of cursus and cour.

polku

path that something or someone moves along

the course of true love never did run smooth

(music) One or more strings on some musical instruments (such as the guitar, lute or vihuela): if multiple, then closely spaced, tuned in unison or octaves and intended to be played together.


melon

en-noun

melon (countable and uncountable, plural melons)

→ Japanese: メロン

→ Korean: 멜론 (mellon)

→ Welsh: melon

From Middle English meloun, melon, from Old French melon, from Late Latin melonem, from Latin melopeponem, from Ancient Greek μηλοπέπων (mēlopépōn), from μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”) + πέπων (pépōn, “ripe”).

(countable) Any of various plants of the family Cucurbitaceae grown for food, generally not including the cucumber.

Genus Cucumis, various musk melons, including honeydew, cantaloupes, and horned melon.

melon:

(uncountable) A light pinkish orange colour, like that of some melon flesh.

(countable, Australia, New Zealand, derogatory) A member of the Green Party, or similar environmental group.


melon

Of a light pinkish orange colour, like that of melon flesh.


bar

bar (countable and uncountable, plural bars)

→ Albanian: bar m

→ Arabic: بَار m (bār)

→ Armenian: բար (bar)

→ Bulgarian: бар (bar)

→ Burmese: ဘား (bha:)

→ Chichewa: bála

→ Cantonese: 吧 (baa¹)

→ Czech: bar m

→ Danish: bar c

→ Dutch: bar m

→ Esperanto: baro

→ Estonian: baar

→ French: bar m
→ Romanian: bar

→ Galician: bar m

→ Georgian: ბარი (bari)

→ German: Bar f

→ Greek: μπαρ n (bar)

→ Gulf Arabic: بار (bār)

→ Hebrew: בָּר (bar), בָּאר (bár)

→ Hungarian: bár (also via German)

→ Icelandic: bar m

→ Irish: beár m

→ Italian: bar m

→ Japanese: バー (bā)

→ Khmer: បារ (baa)

→ Korean: 바 (ba)

→ Lithuanian: bãras m

→ Macedonian: бар m (bar)

→ Malagasy: ba

→ Mandarin: 吧 (bā)

→ Norwegian:

Bokmål: bar m

Nynorsk: bar m

→ Persian: بار (bâr)

→ Polish: bar m

→ Portuguese: bar m

→ Russian: бар m (bar)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ба̑р m, bȃr m

→ Slovene: bȃr m

→ Spanish: bar m

→ Swahili: baa

→ Swedish: bar c (see there for further descendants)

→ Thai: บาร์ (baa)

→ Turkish: bar

→ Xhosa: íbhári

→ Zulu: ibha

From Middle English barre, from Old French barre (“beam, bar, gate, barrier”), from Vulgar Latin *barra, of uncertain origin. Doublet of barre.

der

(music) A vertical line across a musical staff dividing written music into sections, typically of equal durational value.


ginger

en-noun

ginger (countable and uncountable, plural gingers)

→ Greek: τζίντζερ (tzíntzer)

→ Japanese: ジンジャー (jinjā)

→ Maltese: ġinġer

→ Manx: jinshar

→ Welsh: sinsir

→ Zulu: újínja

Inherited from Middle English gingere, alteration of gingivere, from Old English gingifer, gingiber (influenced by Old French gingembre), from Medieval Latin gingiber, zingiber, from Latin zingiberi, from Late Ancient Greek ζιγγίβερις (zingíberis), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀭 (siṃgivera), ultimately from Dravidian, compare Tamil இஞ்சிவேர் (iñcivēr) from இஞ்சி (iñci, “ginger”) + வேர் (vēr, “root”).

/ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚ/

(colloquial, often derogatory, countable) A person with reddish-brown hair; a redhead.

Can you buy dry ginger in Croatia? If not what is an alternative?

(colloquial, countable and uncountable) Ginger ale, or can or bottle of such (especially if dry).


peep

From Middle English pepen. Compare Dutch piepen (“peep”), German Low German piepen (“to peep”), German piepen and pfeifen, all probably onomatopoeic.

"Peep, peep," said Edward, "I'm ready."
"Peep, peep, peep," said Henry, "so am I."

2001, Rev. W. Awdry, Thomas the tank engine collection : a unique collection of stories from the railway series - p. 177 - Egmont Books, Limited, Aug 15, 2001:

The sound of a steam engine's whistle; typically shrill.


peep

Back-formation from peeps, a shortened form of people.


hymn

From Middle English ymne, from Old English ymen (reinforced by Old French ymne), from Latin hymnus, borrowed from Ancient Greek ὕμνος (húmnos).

But when the moon rose and the breeze awakened, and the sedges stirred, and the cat’s-paws raced across the moonlit ponds, and the far surf off Wonder Head intoned the hymn of the four winds, the trinity, earth and sky and water, became one thunderous symphony—a harmony of sound and colour silvered to a monochrome by the moon.

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter VIII, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

A song of praise or worship, especially a religious one.


harpsichord

From French harpechorde, from New Latin harpicordium, from harpa (“harp”) + chorda (“string”).

(music) A musical instrument with a keyboard that produces sound through a mechanical process. When the performer presses a key, a corresponding plectrum plucks a tuned string. The harpsichord originated in late medieval Europe and is one of the most important instruments used to perform Baroque music.


ska

Origin uncertain. Probably imitative of the crisp guitar sound; other suggestions include a contraction of “skavoovie” (a word invented and used by musician Cluett Johnson), or of “speed polka”.

onomatopoeic

imitative

Musical Hairsplitting: The act of classifying music and musicians into pathologically picayune categories: “The Vienna Franks are a good example of urban white acid folk revivalism crossed with ska.”

1991, Douglas Coupland, “Eat Your Parents”, in Generation X, New York: St. Martin's Press, →OCLC, page 85:

Everyone who loves ska has their own story to tell—the first time they heard the Specials back in the '70s, the first time they danced onstage at a Toasters show in the '80s, the first time they saw the Skatalites perform in the '90s.

2014, Heather Augustyn, “Preface”, in Ska: An Oral History, McFarland, →ISBN, page 3:

(music) A style of Jamaican dance music originating in the late 1950s, combining elements of Caribbean calypso and mento with American jazz and rhythm and blues; it was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae.


cembalo

Borrowed from Italian cembalo, from Latin. Doublet of cymbal.


pause

From Middle French pause, from Latin pausa, from Ancient Greek παῦσις (paûsis), from Ancient Greek παύω (paúō, “stop”), of uncertain origin. Compare the doublet pausa.

(music) A sign indicating continuance of a note or rest.


harmonia

From Ancient Greek ἁρμονίᾱ (harmoníā). Doublet of harmony.

[…]concerning the ancient Greek harmoniai, or modes, in the diatonic genus.[…]degree signify the harmonia in which it appears and what degree it represents; for instance, “D-2” means that this ratio—11/10—is the second degree (ascending) in the Dorian harmonia.

1949, Harry Partch, Genesis of a Music: Monophony: the Relation of Its Music to Historic and Contemporary Trends; Its Philosophy, Concepts, and Principles; Its Relation to Historic and Proposed Intonations; and Its Application to Musical Instruments, The University of Wisconsin Press, pages 320 and 323:

In the case of Mixolydian harmonia, the framework chord is ¹⁄₁, ¹⁴⁄₁₁, ¹⁴⁄₁₀, and ²⁄₁.[…]while the various diatonic harmoniai are modes of each other, this is not true of the other two genera, which are uniquely derived from their corresponding diatonic forms.

1991, 1/1: The Quarterly Journal of the Just Intonation Network, pages 4 and 5:

In 1935, Hamilton trained a chamber orchestra in Stuttgart to perform in the harmoniai.

1993, John H. Chalmers, Jr., Divisions of the Tetrachord: A Prolegomenon to the Construction of Musical Scales, →ISBN, page 146:

While Pollux attributed to Diodorus of Thebes the expansion of the aulos beyond four trupemata, Athenaeus and Pausanias refer to Pronomus of Thebes as the one who developed an aulos that was capable of playing aulema in Dorian, Phrygian, or Lydian harmoniai. In his description of a statue of Pronomus in Boeotia, Pausanias observes: For a time, auletes had three types of auloi. They played Dorian aulema on one, different auloi were made for pieces in the Phrygian harmonia, and the so-called Lydian aulema was played on other auloi.

1999, Thomas J. Mathiesen, Apollo’s Lyre: Greek Music and Music Theory in Antiquity and the Middle Ages, Lincoln, Neb., London: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, page 183:

That rhythm was somehow implicated in the identity of the harmoniai is suggested in Aristotle’s anecdote about the composer Philoxenus, who attempted to compose a dithyramb, The Mysians, in the Dorian harmonia, but was unable to do so.

2020, Edward Nowacki, Greek and Latin Music Theory: Principles and Challenges, University of Rochester Press, →ISBN, page 18:

(music) A harmonic mode in ancient Greek music, characterized by a particular set of chords and rhythmic patterns.


cant

en-verb

cant (third-person singular simple present cants, present participle canting, simple past and past participle canted)

cants (present singular third-person)
canting (participle present)
canted (participle past)
canted (past)

From Latin cantō probably via Old Northern French canter (“sing, tell”). Doublet of chant.

Homophone: Kant (in anglicized pronunciation)

[I]f he prove not yet / The cunningſt ranckeſt rogue that ever Canted, / Ile never ſee man againe: […]

c. 1607–1611 (first performance), Franc[is] Beaumont, Jo[hn] Fletcher, Cupids Revenge. […], 3rd edition, London: […] A[ugustine] M[atthews], published 1635, →OCLC, Act IV, scene i:

[S]he was one of your ſoft ſpoken, canting, whining hypocrites, who with a truly jeſuitical art, could wreſt evil out of the moſt inoffenſive thought, word, look or action; […]

1765, Catherine Jemmat, The Memoirs of Mrs. Catherine Jemmat, Daughter of the Late Admiral Yeo, of Plymouth. Written by Herself, 2nd edition, volume I, London: Printed for the author, at Charing-Cross, →OCLC, page 145:

(intransitive) To talk, beg, or preach in a singsong or whining fashion, especially in a false or empty manner.


saxophone

Borrowed from French saxophone, a combination of the surname of its inventor Adolphe Sax (1814–1894) + -o- + -phone (“something that makes a sound”), from Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound, voice”). The first element surname is a variant of the German Sachs (“Saxon”). Analyzable as Sax + -o- + -phone.

der

A single-reed instrument musical instrument of the woodwind family, usually made of brass and with a distinctive loop bringing the bell upwards.

saxofoon

a musical instrument of the woodwind family


juice

en-noun

juice (usually uncountable, plural juices)

Tok Pisin: jus

→ Czech: džus

→ Danish: juice

→ Faroese: djús

→ Hungarian: dzsúsz

→ Icelandic: djús

→ Indonesian: jus

→ Japanese: ジュース (jūsu)

→ Korean: 주스 (juseu), 쥬스 (juseu)

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: juice, jus

Norwegian Nynorsk: juice, jus

→ Papiamentu: djus

→ Serbo-Croatian: džus

→ Slovak: džús

→ Swahili: juisi, jusi

→ Swedish: juice, jos

→ Zulu: újúsi

From Middle English jus, juis, from Old French jus, jous, from Latin jūs (“broth, soup, sauce”), from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs, from *yewH- (“to mix (of meal preparation)”). Doublet of jus and ukha. In this sense, mostly displaced native Middle English sew (“juice”), from Old English sēaw (“juice, sap”) (> English sew (“juice, broth, gravy”)). Sense of "soft drink" most likely an ellipsis of fizzy juice, another similarly common term in Scotland.

the blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice

the darker the berry, the sweeter the juice

The Nashville Teens convened in 1962 when Ramon "Ray" Phillips and Arthur Sharp, members of two local rival groups, decided to join their musical juices.

1990, Wayne Jancik, The Billboard Book of One-Hit Wonders, →ISBN, page 160:

(uncountable, slang, music) Musical agreement between instrumentalists.


symphonia

symphonia (countable and uncountable, plural symphonias)

From Ancient Greek σῠμφωνῐ́ᾱ (sumphōníā). Doublet of sinfonia, symphony, tsampouna, and zampogna.


thesis

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Johann Gottlieb Fichte

From Late Middle English thesis (“lowering of the voice”) and also borrowed directly from its etymon Latin thesis (“proposition, thesis; lowering of the voice”), from Ancient Greek θέσῐς (thésis, “arrangement, placement, setting; conclusion, position, thesis; lowering of the voice”), from τῐ́θημῐ (títhēmi, “to place, put, set; to put down in writing; to consider as, regard”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to do; to place, put”)) + -σῐς (-sis, suffix forming abstract nouns or nouns of action, process, or result). The English word is a doublet of deed.
Sense 1.1 (“proposition or statement supported by arguments”) is adopted from antithesis. Sense 1.4 (“initial stage of reasoning”) was first used by the German philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte (1762–1814), and later applied to the dialectical method of his countryman, the philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831).
The plural form theses is borrowed from Latin thesēs, from Ancient Greek θέσεις (théseis).

der

(music, prosody, originally) The action of lowering the hand or bringing down the foot when indicating a rhythm; hence, an accented part of a measure of music or verse indicated by this action; an ictus, a stress.

(music, prosody, with a reversal of meaning) A depression of the voice when pronouncing a syllables of a word; hence, the unstressed part of the metrical foot of a verse upon which such a depression falls, or an unaccented musical note.


timbre

en-noun

timbre (countable and uncountable, plural timbres)

From French timbre, ultimately from Ancient Greek τύμπανον (túmpanon, “drum”). Doublet of tympanum.

der

When someone speaks after inhaling helium, his voice has a higher timbre. With sulfur hexafluoride, the result is a lower timbre.

The pitch of a sound as heard by the ear, described relative to its absolute pitch.


major

en-adj

major (comparative more major, superlative most major)

more major (comparative)
most major (superlative)

From Middle English major, from Latin maior, comparative of magnus (“great, large; noble, important”), from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂yōs (“greater”), comparative of *meǵh₂- (“great”). Compare West Frisian majoar (“major”), Dutch majoor (“major”), French majeur. Doublet of mayor.

major scale

Having intervals of a semitone between the third and fourth, and seventh and eighth degrees. (of a scale)

major third

Equivalent to that between the tonic and another note of a major scale, and greater by a semitone than the corresponding minor interval. (of an interval)

major triad

durový

music: containing the note which is a major third above the tonic

(postpositive) (of a key) Based on a major scale, tending to produce a bright or joyful effect.

(campanology) Bell changes rung on eight bells.


major

pääaineopiskelija

student specializing in a specified subject

(campanology) A system of change-ringing using eight bells.


opus

Beethoven's "Razumovsky" Quartets, Op. 59, are considered by many to be the beginning of the Romantic era.

(music) A work of music or set of works with a specified rank in an ordering of a composer's complete published works.

опус

a work of music or set of works with a specified rank


apricot

en-noun

apricot (countable and uncountable, plural apricots)

Alteration of apricock (with influence from French abricot), itself an alteration of abrecock (with influence from Latin apricum (“sunny place”)), from dialectal Catalan abrecoc, abricoc, variants of standard albercoc, from Arabic الْبَرْقُوق (al-barqūq, “plums”), from Byzantine Greek βερικοκκία (berikokkía, “apricot tree”), from Ancient Greek πραικόκιον (praikókion), from Late Latin (persica) praecocia (literally “(peaches) which ripen early”), (mālum) praecoquum (literally “(apple) which ripens early”). Doublet of precocious.

der

apricot:

A pale yellow-orange colour, like that of an apricot fruit.


parrot

First attested in 1525. From Middle French perrot, either a diminutive of Pierre or a shortened form of perroquet (whence also parakeet). Compare French pierrot and Occitan parrat. A number of origins have been suggested for perroquet, such as Spanish periquito and Italian parrocchetto. The relationship between these various words is disputed. Replaced earlier popinjay.


doh

Audio (US)

(music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the first and eighth tonic of a major scale.


wheat

From Middle English whete, from Old English hwǣte, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaitī, from Proto-Germanic *hwaitijaz (compare West Frisian weet, Dutch weit, Low German Weten, German Weizen, Danish hvede, Swedish vete, Norwegian Nynorsk kveite, Icelandic hveiti), from *hwītaz (“white”). More at white.

Wheaten, of a light brown colour, like that of wheat.

cone wheat Triticum turgidum subsp. turgidum

English wheat Triticum turgidum subsp. turgidum

Polish wheat Triticum turgidum subsp. polonicum

rivet wheat Triticum turgidum subsp. turgidum


chortle

Perhaps a blend of chuckle + snort. Coined by Lewis Carroll in his poem Jabberwocky, completed in 1855 but only introduced to the public in his 1871 novel Through the Looking-Glass.

He frequently interrupted himself with chortles while he told us his favorite joke.

A joyful, somewhat muffled laugh, rather like a snorting chuckle.

A similar sounding vocalisation of various birds.


chortle

en-verb

chortle (third-person singular simple present chortles, present participle chortling, simple past and past participle chortled)

chortles (present singular third-person)
chortling (participle present)
chortled (participle past)
chortled (past)

The old fellow chortled as he recalled his youthful adventures.

'O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!' He chortled in his joy.

(intransitive) To laugh with a chortle or chortles.


label

→ Danish: label

→ Dutch: label

→ French: label

→ Japanese: ラベル (raberu)

→ Polish: label

From Middle English label (“narrow band, strip of cloth”), from Old French label, lambel (Modern French lambeau), from Frankish *lappā (“torn piece of cloth”), from Proto-Germanic *lappǭ, *lappô (“cloth stuff, rag, scraps, flap, dewlap, lobe, rabbit ear”), from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“blade”). Cognate with Old High German lappa (“rag, piece of cloth”), Old English læppa (“skirt, flap of a garment”). More at lap.

cog

The label signed the band after hearing a demo tape.


system

→ Japanese: システム (shisutemu)

Partly borrowed from Middle French sisteme, systeme, partly directly from its etymon Late Latin systēma (“harmony; musical scale; set of celestial objects; set of troops; system”), from Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma, “musical scale; organized body; whole made of several parts or members”), from σῠνίστημῐ (sunístēmi, “to combine, organize”) + -μᾰ (-ma, resultative suffix). σῠνίστημῐ is from σῠν- (sun-, “with, together”) + ἵστημι (hístēmi, “to stand”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand (up)”).
Cognate with Dutch systeem, modern French système, German System, Italian sistema, Portuguese sistema, Spanish sistema. Doublet of systema.

sistem

To notate music that is played on a piano or is played by different musicians on various instruments, one often uses several staves to notate the various musical voices. A single vertical line drawn to the left of multiple staves creates a staff system, which indicates that the music on all staves is to be played simultaneously. A bracket is an additional vertically aligned symbol joining staves. This symbol shows groupings of instruments that function as a unit, such as the string section of an orchestra[…].

2015, Meinhard Müller, “Music Representations”, in Fundamentals of Music Processing: Audio, Analysis, Algorithms, Applications, Cham, Switzerland, Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, →DOI, →ISBN, section 1.1.2 (Western Music Notation), page 8:

A group or set of related things that operate together as a complex whole.

(music) A set of staves linked by a brace that indicate instruments or sounds that are to be played simultaneously.

譜表組

(music) set of staves indicating instruments or sounds to be played simultaneously


pyro-

From Latin pyr, from Ancient Greek πῦρ (pûr, “fire”).


steel

en-noun

steel (countable and uncountable, plural steels)

From Middle English stele, stel, from Old English stīele, from Proto-West Germanic *stahlī (“something made of steel”), enlargement of *stahl (“steel”), from Proto-Germanic *stahlą, from *stah- or *stag- (“to be firm, rigid”), from Proto-Indo-European *stak- (“to stay, to be firm”). Compare Scots stele, Yola stehli.

der

(music, guitar) A type of slide used while playing the steel guitar.


crust

en-noun

crust (countable and uncountable, plural crusts)

From Middle English cruste, from Anglo-Norman and Old French cruste, from Latin crusta (“hard outer covering”), from Proto-Indo-European *krustós (“hardened”), from *krews- (“to form a crust, begin to freeze”), related to Old Norse hroðr (“scurf”), Old English hruse (“earth”), Old High German hrosa (“crust, ice”), Latvian kruvesis (“frozen mud”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”).

cog

(music) Ellipsis of crust punk (a subgenre of punk music)


lip

en-noun

lip (countable and uncountable, plural lips)

From Middle English lippe, from Old English lippa, lippe (“lip”), from Proto-West Germanic *lippjō (“lip”), from Proto-Germanic *lepô, from Proto-Indo-European *leb- (“to hang loosely, droop, sag”).
Cognate with West Frisian lippe (“lip”), Dutch lip (“lip”), German Lippe and Lefze (“lip”), Swedish läpp (“lip”), Norwegian leppe (“lip”),
Danish læbe (“lip”),
Latin labium (“lip”).

der

there's many a slip between the cup and the lip

there's many a slip twixt the cup and the lip

(music, colloquial) Embouchure: the condition or strength of a wind instrumentalist's lips.


lip

en-verb

lip (third-person singular simple present lips, present participle lipping, simple past and past participle lipped)

lips (present singular third-person)
lipping (participle present)
lipped (participle past)
lipped (past)

(transitive, music) To change the sound of (a musical note played on a wind instrument) by moving or tensing the lips.


lento

en-adj

lento (comparative more lento, superlative most lento)

more lento (comparative)
most lento (superlative)


lento

(music) A tempo mark directing that a passage is to be played very slowly.


fawn

From Middle English fawne, fowne, foun, from Old French faon, foon, feon, from Vulgar Latin *fētōnem, from Latin fētus (“offspring, young”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suckle, nurse”). Displaced native Old English hindċealf (literally “deer calf”). Doublet of fetus.

ncog

fawn:

A pale brown colour tinted with yellow, like that of a fawn.


dreadnought

Named after HMS Dreadnought, the first battleship finished of this type, itself named for Etymology 2.

(by extension) One that is the largest or the most powerful of its kind.

(music) A type of acoustic guitar with a very large body and a waist that is less pronounced than on other guitar shapes, producing a deep, bold sound.


key signature

The key signatures of D major and b minor both have two sharps.

(music) An indication of the key of a composition, giving the number of sharps or flats in the corresponding scale.


envelope

PIE word
 *h₁én
From French enveloppe. The engineering sense is derived from flight envelope. The verb is from the noun.

(music) The shape of a sound, which may be controlled by a synthesizer or sampler.


pattern

From earlier patten, paterne, from Middle English patron (“patron; example”), from Old French patron, from Medieval Latin patrōnus (“patron”). Doublet of padrone, patron, and Patronus.

skemo

intelligible arrangement which has a mathematical, geometric, statistical etc. relationship

Pattern 10 is open in figure 3.9, showing the 64 notes in the pattern (each pattern in this song has 64 beats).

2008, Karen Collins, Game Sound, page 59:

A MOD file contains a number of short audio samples, and instructions or a “pattern” for how and when those samples are to be played.

2017, Gerard Goggin, Mark McLelland, The Routledge Companion to Global Internet Histories, page 444:

(computing, music) A sequence of notes, percussion etc. in a tracker module, usable once or many times within the song.


morna

en-noun

morna (countable and uncountable, plural mornas)

She [Cesária Évora] is most famous for singing morna, which roughly translates to “songs of mourning.” As with many other kinds of folk music, morna songs are handed down from generation to generation, tracing dominant themes in a people's history.

2005, Kate Tuttle, “Evora, Cesaria”, in edited by Anthony Appiah and Henry Louis Gates (Jr.), Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 593:

(uncountable, music) A genre of Cape Verdean music and dance.


hee-haw

hee-haw (countable and uncountable, plural hee-haws)

/ˈhiː.hɔ̰̃ː/

Apart from one cool fight sequence, she pretty much does hee-haw - just like Iron Man.

2010 April 30, Grant Lauchlan, Daily Record:

People like Dick Advocaat, who knew hee-haw about Scottish football's history, set about whittling away little bits of our tradition on the grounds... well, let's be honest, that they were an inconvenience.

2010 September 27, Bill Leckie, The Scottish Sun:


lion

→ Hawaiian: liona

→ Japanese: ライオン (raion)

→ Maia: laion

→ Tokelauan: leona

From Middle English lyoun, lion, leon, borrowed from Old French lion, from Latin leō, (accusative: leōnem), from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn), of unclear origin. Doublet of Leo, leu, lev, and Lyon. Displaced Old English lēo.

March comes in like a lion and goes out like a lamb

It was said of [Edward Plantaganet] that ‘he was a lion for pride and ferocity but a pard for inconstancy and changeableness, not keeping his word or promise but excusing himself with fair words’.

2003, Peter Armstrong, Angus McBride, Stirling Bridge & Falkirk 1297–98: William Wallace's Rebellion:

A person who shows attributes associated with the lion, such as strength, courage, or ferocity.

During this period, we were the lions of the neighbourhood; and, no doubt, strangers from the distant villages were taken to see the "Karhowrees" (white men), in the same way that countrymen, in a city, are gallanted to the Zoological Gardens.

1847 March 30, Herman Melville, Omoo: A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas; […], London: John Murray, […], →OCLC:

Such society was far more enjoyable than that of Edinburgh, for here he was not a lion, but a man.

1844, John Wilson, Essay on the Genius, and Character of Burns:

The men were delighted to go, and became the lions of the following season in Adelaide.

1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 84:

Rose Waterford was a cynic. She looked upon life as an opportunity for writing novels and the public as her raw material. Now and then she invited members of it to her house if they showed an appreciation of her talent and entertained with proper lavishness. She held their weakness for lions in good-humoured contempt, but played to them her part of the distinguished woman of letters with decorum.

1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “ch. 4”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:

Heated comments were exchanged, and, before anyone could say, "festival," the two lions of the folk power structure were rolling in the dirt.

1965 August, Mississippi Phil Ochs, “The Newport Fuzz Festival”, in The Realist, number 61, retrieved 2022-11-13, page 11:

So bring a basket for the lions / Of City of Industry

2014, Camper Van Beethoven (lyrics and music), “City of Industry”, in El Camino Real, performed by Camper Van Beethoven:

A famous person regarded with interest and curiosity.

lion:

A light brown color that resembles the fur of a lion.


lion

Of the light brown color that resembles the fur of a lion.


cob

cob (countable and uncountable, plural cobs)

Of uncertain origin. The word has many disparate senses, which are likely of diverse origin. The specifics of these origins have long been debated, as has the question of which senses arise from which origins. At least the swan sense originated in Middle English cobbe (“male swan; gang leader; bully”). Some other senses likely originated as a variant of cop (“head, top, peak, summit”). In other senses, the word may be related to cub, itself of obscure origin but possibly from Old Norse kobbi (“seal”). However, many alternative etymologies have been proposed to account for some or all senses of cob; various sources have related it, for example, to English cot (“cottage”), Welsh cob (“top, tuft”), or German Kübel (“large container”). All these etymologies are disputed, and the exact origins of cob cannot be known with any certainty.

inh

(music, historical) A cylinder with pins in it, encoding music to be played back mechanically by a barrel organ.


alternative

From Middle French alternatif, from Medieval Latin alternātīvus (“alternating”), from the participle stem of Latin alternō (“interchange, alternate”). Compare alternate.


flag

(music) A hook attached to the stem of a written note that assigns its rhythmic value


lattice

→ Japanese: ラティス (ratisu)

From Middle English latis, from Middle French lattis (“lathing”), from Old French lattis, from latte (“a lath”), from Frankish *lattā, *lattu (“a lath”), from Proto-Germanic *lattǭ, *lattō, *laþþō (“board; plank; ledge”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)latn-, *(s)lat- (“beam; log”). Cognate with Old High German latta (“lath”), (German Latte), Old English lætt (“lath”), Middle Low German lāde (“plank, counter, sales counter”), German Laden (“shop”). More at lath.

cog

(music) A model of the tuning relationships of a just intonation system, comprising an array of points in a periodic multidimensional pattern.


double

half

antonym(s) of “made up of two matching or complementary elements”

→ Gulf Arabic: دبل (dabal)

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Middle English double, from Old French doble, double, from Latin duplus (“twofold”). Doublet of doppio and duple.

a double bass

(music) Of an instrument, sounding an octave lower.

contra

in music, of an instrument, sounding an octave lower


double

(music) Playing the same part on two instruments, alternately.

The saxophone is a valuable and rewarding double, and opens up many gigs that aren’t available to players of just the “orchestral” woodwinds.

2020 January 4, Bret Pimentel, “Woodwind doubling and saxophone problems”, in Bret Pimentel, woodwinds:

(music) A secondary instrument with which a musician is skilled.


double

en-verb

double (third-person singular simple present doubles, present participle doubling, simple past and past participle doubled)

doubles (present singular third-person)
doubling (participle present)
doubled (participle past)
doubled (past)

(music) To duplicate (a part) either in unison or at the octave above or below it.

(music, intransitive, usually followed by "on") To be capable of performing (upon an additional instrument).

dubblera

music: to be capable of performing upon an additional instrument


ping pong

en-noun

ping pong (countable and uncountable, plural ping pongs)

→ Chinese: 乒乓球 (pīngpāngqiú)

→ Greek: πινγκ πονγκ (pingk pongk)

→ Italian: ping pong

→ Japanese: ピンポン (pin pon)

→ Korean: 핑퐁 (pingpong)

→ Portuguese: pingue-pongue

→ Russian: пинг-понг (ping-pong)

→ Spanish: ping pong

Onomatopoeic. The name “ping-pong” was in wide use before British manufacturer J. Jaques & Son Ltd trademarked it in 1901. Jaques sold the rights to the “ping-pong” name in the United States to Parker Brothers. Registered in the United States in 1930, Ping-Pong (with dash) is still a registered wordmark of Parker Brothers, Inc. Contrary to a common misconception, the word does not originate from Chinese 乒乓 (pīngpāng), though there are possibilities that the coiners encountered Chinese themselves.

Most ping pongs were 35- to 45-gallon drums. The larger drum had room for more notes; the tones were also louder and clearer and could be sustained longer.

2012, Angela Smith, Steel Drums and Steelbands: A History, page 158:


light bulb

From light + bulb First attested in 1885.

An evacuated glass bulb containing a metal filament which is heated by electrical resistance to produce light.

llambë

evacuated glass bulb containing a metal filament that produces light

a fluorescent light bulb

an LED light bulb

(by extension) An article that resembles such a bulb and converts electricity to light by any process.

peer

resembling article that converts electricity to light

a light bulb moment

Figuratively speaking, a light-bulb flashed over Galvin's head early this year, and in March–along […]

A light bulb went off in my head as I had an incredible idea for a beauty product.

2010, Sandy Abrams, Your Idea, Inc., Abrams Media, →ISBN, page xi:

(figuratively) Used in reference to the sudden arrival of a realization, an inspiration, an idea, or the like.

lamppu

sudden arrival of idea etc. — see also light-bulb moment


horn

horn (countable and uncountable, plural horns)

From Middle English horn, horne, from Old English horn, from Proto-West Germanic *horn, from Proto-Germanic *hurną. Compare West Frisian hoarn, Dutch hoorn, Low German Hoorn, horn, German Horn, Danish and Swedish horn, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽 (haurn).
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂-nó-m, from *ḱerh₂- (“head, horn”). Compare Breton kern (“horn”), Latin cornū, Ancient Greek κέρας (kéras), Proto-Slavic *sьrna, Old Church Slavonic сьрна (sĭrna, “roedeer”), Hittite [script needed] (surna, “horn”), Persian سر (sar), Sanskrit शृङ्ग (śṛṅga, “horn”).
(telephone): From the horn-shaped earpieces of old communication systems that used air tubes.

cog

hunting horn

(countable, music) An instrument resembling a musical horn and used to signal others.

(informal, music, countable) Generally, any brass wind instrument.

рог

informal: generally, any brass wind instrument


bleat

en-verb

bleat (third-person singular simple present bleats, present participle bleating, simple past and past participle bleated)

bleats (present singular third-person)
bleating (participle present)
bleated (participle past)
bleated (past)

From Middle English bleten, from Old English blǣtan (“to bleat”), from Proto-West Germanic *blātijan, from Proto-Germanic *blētijaną (“to bleat”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁- (“to howl, cry, bleat”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to make a loud noise”).
Cognate with Scots blete, bleit, West Frisian bâlte, blaaien, blêtsje (“to bleat”), Dutch blaten (“to bleat”), Low German bleten (“to bleat”), German blaßen, blässen (“to bleat”).

der

The last thing we need is to hear them bleating to us about organizational problems.

(informal, derogatory) Of a person, to complain.


baa

[bæ̰ˀæ̰ˀæ̰ˀæ̰ˀ]

Compare German bäh, mäh; an imitative word.

(onomatopoeia) The characteristic cry or bleating of a sheep.


baa

[bæ̰ˀæ̰ˀæ̰ˀæ̰ˀ]

(onomatopoeia) The characteristic cry of a sheep.


baa

en-verb

baa (third-person singular simple present baas, present participle baaing, simple past and past participle baaed)

baas (present singular third-person)
baaing (participle present)
baaed (participle past)
baaed (past)

[bæ̰ˀæ̰ˀæ̰ˀæ̰ˀ]

He treble baas for help, but none can get.

a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the folio)”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC:

The lamb bunted several irresponsive objects - never its dam's udder - baaing listlessly.

1902, Barbara Baynton, edited by Sally Krimmer and Alan Lawson, Bush Studies (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton), St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, published 1980, page 44:

To make the characteristic cry of a sheep.


selenologist

A person skilled or involved in selenology.


speaker

From Middle English speker, spekere, an alteration (with change of suffix) of Old English speca, spreca (“speaker”), from Proto-Germanic *sprekô (“speaker”), equivalent to speak + -er. Compare Saterland Frisian Spreeker (“speaker”), West Frisian sprekker (“speaker”), Dutch spreker (“speaker”), German Low German Spreker (“speaker”), German Sprecher (“speaker”).

puhuja

linguistics: producer of a given utterance

(music) A key on a woodwind instrument of the clarinet family (cf octave key on other instruments) which induces the instrument to overblow.


grasshopper

/ˈɡɹɑːsˌhɒpə(ɹ)/

/ɡɹæsˌhɒpə(ɹ)/

/ˈɡɹæsˌhɑpəɹ/

From Middle English grashoppere, alteration of earlier grashoppe, from Old English græshoppa (“grasshopper”). Equivalent to grass + hopper.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Gäärshupper, Dutch grashupper, grashipper, German Low German Grashüpper, Gresshüpper, German Grashüpfer, Danish græshoppe, Swedish gräshoppa, Norwegian gresshoppe.

John Geib […]patented the hopper with two separate escapements, one of which soon became adopted in the grasshopper of the square piano

1894, “Pianoforte”, in Encyclopædia_Britannica:

(music) In ordinary square or upright pianos of London make, the escapement lever or jack, so made that it can be taken out and replaced with the key.


bray

bray (third-person singular simple present brays, present participle braying, simple past and past participle brayed)

brays (present singular third-person)
braying (participle present)
brayed (participle past)
brayed (past)

The verb is derived from Middle English brayen, brai, bray, braye (“of a person or animal: to vocalize loudly; of the weather: to make a loud sound, howl, roar”), from Old French brai, braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to cry or shout out”) (modern French braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to shout; to cry, weep”)), possibly from Vulgar Latin *bragiō, from Gaulish *bragu (compare Breton breugiñ (“to bray”), brammañ (“to flatulate”), Cornish bramma, brabma (“to flatulate”), Old Irish braigid (“to flatulate”)), from Proto-Celtic *brageti, *bragyeti (“to flatulate”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreHg- (“to flatulate; to stink”); cognate with Latin fragrō (“to smell”). Alternatively, the word could be from a Germanic source, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), and cognate with frangere (“to break, shatter”).
The noun is derived from the verb, or from Middle English brai, brait (“shriek; outcry”), from Old French brai, brait (“a cry”), from braire (“of an animal: to bray; of a person: to shout; to cry, weep”); see above.

der

Whenever I walked by, that donkey brayed at me.

When she went to the famous ass-race [...], it was not, like other ladies, to hear those poor animals bray, nor see fellows run naked, or to hear country squires in bob wigs and white girdles make love at the side of a coach and cry, "Madam, this is dainty weather."

1712 April 27 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison; Richard Steele et al.], “WEDNESDAY, April 16, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 354; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume IV, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 293:

Henry [IV of France], paſſing through a little town, ſaw ſeveral deputies coming up to harangue him. One of them having commenced his diſcourſe, was interrupted by an aſs, who began to bray. "Gentlemen," cried the King, "one at a time, if you pleaſe."—

1792 July, “Art. II. Interesting Anecdotes of Henry IV. of France. Containing Sublime Traits and Lively Sallies of Wit of that Monarch; […]. Translated from the French. Crown 8vo. 2 Vols. 6s. Boards. Debrett. 1792. [book review]”, in The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal, Enlarged, volume VIII, London: Printed for R[alph] Griffiths; and sold by T[homas] Becket, […], published 1794, →OCLC, page 249:

The horse neighs, but the ass brays: the last is performed by a very loud, long, disagreeable, discordant cry, consisting of discords alternately sharp and flat. He seldom brays but when pressed with hunger or love. [...] When gelded, the ass brays with a low voice; and, though he makes the same efforts and the same motions of the throat, yet the sound reaches to no great distance.

1812, Count de Buffon [i.e., Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon], “The Ass”, in William Smellie, transl., Natural History, General and Particular, […]. The History of Man and Quadrupeds: Translated, with Notes and Observations, […] In Twenty Volumes, volume IV, London: Printed for T[homas] Cadell and W[illiam] Davies, […], →OCLC, page 174:

(intransitive) Of an animal (now chiefly of animals related to the ass or donkey, and the camel): to make its cry.

[N]ow ſtorming furie roſe, / And clamour ſuch as heard in Heav'n till now / Was never, Arms on Armour claſhing bray'd / Horrible discord, and the madding Wheeles / Of brazen Chariots rag'd; [...]

1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 207–211:

Just then the chiefs their tribes arrayed, / And wild and garish semblance made, / The chequered trews, and belted plaid, / And varying notes the war-pipes brayed, / To every varying clan; [...]

1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “Canto Fifth. The Court.”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC, stanza V, page 247:

(transitive) To make or utter (a shout, sound, etc.) discordantly, loudly, or in a harsh and grating manner.

крещя

to make or utter (a shout, etc.) discordantly, loudly, or in a harsh and grating manner


bray

The cry of an animal, now chiefly that of animals related to the ass or donkey, or the camel.


bray

From Middle English brayen (“to break or crush into pieces”), from Anglo-Norman breier, Old French breie, breier, broiier (modern French broyer (“to crush, grind”)), possibly from Frankish *brekan (“to break”), from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”); thus making the English word a doublet of break.

der

Though thou ſhouldeſt bray a fool in a morter among wheate with a peſtell, yet will not his fooliſhneſſe depart from him.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 27:22:

Their heads and ſhoulders are painted red with the roote Pocone brayed to powder, mixed with oyle, this they hold in ſommer to preſerue them from the heate, and in winter from the cold.

1624, Iohn Smith, “The Commodities in Virginia, or that May Be Had by Industrie”, in The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles: […], London: […] I[ohn] D[awson] and I[ohn] H[aviland] for Michael Sparkes, →OCLC, book 2; reprinted in The Generall Historie of Virginia, … (Bibliotheca Americana), Cleveland, Oh.: The World Publishing Company, 1966, →OCLC, page 30:

They boyle it alſo, and after dry it and bray it, and of this bran, with egges, hony, milke, and butter of Cocos, they make Florentines, and verie good belly-timber.

1625, Samuel Purchas, “Their Cocos and other fruits and food, their Trades and trading, Creatures profitable and hurtfull. Of Male their principall Iland. Their Houſes, Candou, Languages, Apparell.”, in Pvrchas his Pilgrimes. In Five Bookes. … The Second Part., volume II, London: Printed by William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, […], →OCLC, page 1643 [sic: 1653]:

(transitive, archaic) To crush or pound, especially using a pestle and mortar.

счуквам

to crush or pound — see also crush, pound


selenology

en-noun

selenology (usually uncountable, plural selenologies)

/sɛliːˈnɒləd͡ʒɪ/

From selen- (“moon”) + -o- + -logy (“study”).

selenologjí

the study of the moon and several satellites

(astronomy) The scientific study of the Moon.

(chiefly) The scientific study of the Moon’s movements in the heavens and the kinetic influences it has upon and it receives from other astronomical bodies.

(occasionally) The scientific study of the formation and composition of the Moon’s crust.


rad

Coordinate term: gray

(metrology) A non-SI unit of absorbed dose of radiation, equal to 0.01 gray.


fertile

en-adj

fertile (comparative more fertile, superlative most fertile)

more fertile (comparative)
most fertile (superlative)

From Middle English, from Middle French fertile, from Old French fertile, from Latin fertilis (“fruitful, fertile”), from ferō (“I bear, carry”).

There are two basic fertile materials: uranium-238 and thorium-232.

(physics) Not itself fissile, but able to be converted into a fissile material by irradiation in a reactor.


unicorn

From Middle English unicorne, unikorn, from Anglo-Norman unicorne, Old French unicorne, and their source, Latin ūnicornis, from ūnus (“one”) + cornū (“horn”). Other senses from either rarity (e.g., possessing multiple skills) or by physical resemblance to having a horn (e.g., howitzer). The finance sense was coined by American investor Aileen Lee and first used in a 2013 article.

God brought him forth out of Egypt, he hath as it were the ſtrength of an Vnicorne: he ſhall eate vp the nations his enemies, and ſhall breake their bones, and pierce them thorow with his arrowes.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Numbers 24:8, column 1:

רְאֵם ראם#Hebrew

(historical) In various Bible translations, used to render the Latin unicornis or rhinoceros (representing Hebrew רְאֵם): a reem or wild ox.

unicorn smoothies

(attributive) Being many (especially pastel) colours; multicoloured.


moccasin

John Smith (explorer)
Louisville Zoo
Musée de l'Armée
Néstor Kirchner
President of Argentina

From Powhatan makasin, mockasin, mawhcasuns (plural), from Proto-Algonquian *maxkeseni. The word is cognate with Massachusett mohkisson, mokussin, Mi'kmaq mksɨn, Munsee mahkusin, Ojibwe makizin. First appears c. 1612 in the writings of John Smith. It has been suggested that sense 4 (“North American snake”) may be derived from a different Native American word.

refn

From the collection of the Musée de l'Armée in Paris, France.

The formal moccasins belonged to the former President of Argentina Néstor Kirchner (1950–2010) and are from the collection of the Museo del Bicentenario in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

moccasin:

He came in a primitive, rickety buggy, drawn by an old, moccasin-colored horse, which, it is to be hoped, had seen better days.

1898 October, Leverett W. Spring, “The Career of a Kansas Politician”, in J[ohn] Franklin Jameson, editor, The American Historical Review, volume IV, number 1, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd., published 1899, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 80:

I prefer the Culprit brand in the moccasin color, the red shad color and the black with blue tail.

1993, W[alter] Horace Carter, Bud Andrews, Headstart Fishing Handbook, Tabor City, N.C.: Atlantic Pub. Co., →ISBN, page 134:

A light beige colour, like that of a moccasin.


mode

From Old French mode (masculine), from Latin modus (“measure, due measure, rhythm, melody”). Doublet of modus.

der

(music) One of several ancient Greek scales.

(music) One of several common scales in modern Western music, one of which corresponds to the modern major scale and one to the natural minor scale.


reply

From Middle English replyen, replien, borrowed from Old French replier (“to reply”), from the Latin replicō, replicāre (“I fold back”) (in Late or Medieval Latin "to reply, repeat"), from re + plicō (“I fold”); the noun derives from the verb by nominalisation. Doublet of replicate and replica.


great

mediocre

antonym(s) of “person of major significance, accomplishment or acclaim”

From Middle English greet (“great, large”), from Old English grēat (“big, thick, coarse, massive”), from Proto-West Germanic *graut, from Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“big in size, coarse, coarse grained”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewd-, *gʰer- (“to rub, grind, remove”).
Cognate with Scots great (“coarse in grain or texture, thick, great”), West Frisian grut (“large, great”), Dutch groot (“large, stour”), German groß (“large”), Old English grēot (“earth, sand, grit”). Related to grit. Doublet of gross.

cog

(music) The main division in a pipe organ, usually the loudest division.


trio

PIE word
 *tréyes
1715-25; borrowing from Italian trio.

I love his music, but it is a bit disconcerting to realize that you could die in extreme old age and still only be familiar with a mere handful of the baryton trios.

2013, Simon Winder, Danubia, Picador, published 2014, page 281:

(music) A piece of music written for three musicians.

trio

a piece of music written for three musicians

(music) A passage in the middle of a minuet, frequently in a different key.

Any cocktail made with a spirit, a liqueur, and a creamy ingredient.


value

en-noun

value (countable and uncountable, plural values)

From Middle English valew, value, from Old French value, feminine past participle of valoir, from Latin valēre (“be strong, be worth”), from Proto-Italic *walēō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to be strong”).

der

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class V § 812a. Value

The value of a crotchet is twice that of a quaver.

(music) The relative duration of a musical note.


flashlight

→ Cebuano: plaslayt

find one's ass with both hands and a flashlight

At school he used to do Dr. Jekyll turning into Mr. Hyde, shining a flashlight into his face.

1997, Saul Bellow, The Actual, New York: Viking, page 32:

(Canada, US) A battery-powered hand-held light source.


eucalyptus

en-noun

eucalyptus (plural eucalypti or eucalyptuses)

eucalypti (plural)
eucalyptuses (plural)

Coined by Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle in 1788 from Ancient Greek εὖ (eû, “well”) + καλυπτός (kaluptós, “covered”), from καλύπτω (kalúptō, “to cover”). The name refers to the operculum of the flower bud, which protects the developing flower parts as the flower develops and is shed by the pressure of the emerging stamens at flowering.

coin

Any of many trees, of genus Eucalyptus, native mainly to Australia.


labium

Learned borrowing from Latin labium (“a lip”). Doublet of lip.

lbor

(music) The lip against which pressured air is driven to produce sound in a recorder and in a pipe organ with flue pipes.


development

en-noun

development (countable and uncountable, plural developments)

From French développement, from Old French desvelopemens (“unrolling”). By surface analysis, develop + -ment. First attested in 1756.

(music) The process by in which previous material is transformed and restated.

ανάπτυξη

music: transformation and restatement of previous material

(music) The second section of a piece of music in sonata form, in which the original theme is revisited in altered and varying form.


figure

→ Japanese: フィギュア (figyua)

From Middle English figure, borrowed from Old French figure, from Latin figūra (“form, shape, form of a word, a figure of speech, Late Latin a sketch, drawing”), from fingō (“to form, shape, mold, fashion”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to mold, shape, form, knead”). Cognate with Ancient Greek τεῖχος (teîkhos), Sanskrit देग्धि (degdhi), Old English dāg (“dough”). More at dough. Doublet of figura.

der

Here, Beethoven limits the syncopations and modifications of rhythm which are so prominent in the first and third movements, and employs a rapid, busy, and most melodious figure in the Violins, which is irresistible in its gay and brilliant effect[…]

1888, George Grove, Beethoven's Nine Symphonies: Analytical Essays:

(music) Any short succession of notes, either as melody or as a group of chords, which produce a single complete and distinct impression.

(music) A form of melody or accompaniment kept up through a strain or passage; a motif; a florid embellishment.


figure

en-verb

figure (third-person singular simple present figures, present participle figuring, simple past and past participle figured)

figures (present singular third-person)
figuring (participle present)
figured (participle past)
figured (past)

(music) To write over or under the bass, as figures or other characters, in order to indicate the accompanying chords.


battery

en-noun

battery (countable and uncountable, plural batteries)

Korean: 배터리 (baeteori)

Borrowed from Middle French batterie, from Old French baterie (“action of beating”), from batre (“battre”), from Latin battuō (“beat”), from Gaulish. Doublet of batterie.

der

(music) A marching percussion ensemble; the section of the drumline that marches on the field during a performance.


mango

en-noun

mango (countable and uncountable, plural mangoes or mangos)

→ Armenian: մանգո (mango) (or from Russian манго (mango))

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܵܢܓܘܿ (mango)

→ Asturian: mangu

→ Catalan: mango

→ Chichewa: bango

→ Czech: mango

→ Danish: mango

→ Dutch: mango

→ Esperanto: mango

→ Finnish: mango

→ Georgian: მანგო (mango)

→ German: Mango

→ Greek: μάνγκο (mángko)

→ Hebrew: מנגו (mango)

→ Hungarian: mangó

→ Irish: mangó

→ Italian: mango

→ Japanese: マンゴー (mangō)

→ Korean: 망고 (manggo)

→ Macedonian: манго (mango)

→ Norwegian: mango

→ Polish: mango

→ Romanian: mango

desctree

→ Russian: манго (mango)
→ Armenian: մանգո (mango) (or directly from English mango)
→ Kazakh: манго (maño)
→ Mongolian: манго (mango)

→ Slovak: mango

→ Slovene: mango

→ Spanish: mango

→ Swedish: mango

→ Turkish: mango

→ Welsh: mango

Online Etymology Dictionary
Oxford English Dictionary
mango

Borrowed from Portuguese manga, from Malayalam മാങ്ങ (māṅṅa) / Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy), possibly via Malay mangga, ultimately from Proto-South Dravidian *mām-kāy (“unripe mango”), a compound of *mām (“mango tree”) + *kāy (“unripe fruit”). First used for the fruit as early as the 1580s and the tree by the 1670s. The Oxford English Dictionary says it ultimately stems from Malayalam മാങ്ങ (māṅṅa, “unripe mango”) (മാവ് (māvŭ, “mango tree”) + കായ (kāya, “unripe fruit”)), while the Online Etymology Dictionary points to Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy, “unripe mango”) (மா (mā, “mango”) + காய் (kāy, “unripe fruit”)). The etymology of the -o ending is not certain.

der

Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy)

檨仔

soān-á, soǎiⁿ-á, sōaiⁿ-á, soāiⁿ--á, soān--á

mango:

A yellow-orange color, like that of mango flesh.


ook

Imitative of the cry of an ape or monkey.

onomatopoeic

Imitative

He tapped the Librarian on the shoulder. "Excuse me —" "Ook?" "Those guys just called you a monkey," said Glod.

The irate ape cries, "Ook ook! Ai ai ai!" He springs off the edge of the stone basin, clawing Cantare across the face and bursting through the door.

2004, Robert Arellano, Don Dimaio of La Plata:

Fingers pinched my eyelashes and lifted one eyelid. I looked straight into a big, leathery black face surrounded by brown fur. “Ook?” asked the monkey.

2014, Victoria Wessex, Shipwrecked with the Billionaire Rock Star:

(onomatopoeia) Used to represent the sound of the cry of an ape or monkey.

ウキー

used to represent the sound of the cry of an ape or monkey — see also oo oo aa aa


belch

belch a belch (canonical)
belches (plural)
sense 1 (noun)

From Middle English belchen, from Old English bielċan, from Proto-Germanic *balkijaną, *belkaną, probably ultimately of imitative origin.
Related to Dutch balken (“to bray”), Middle Low German belken (“to shout”), Low German bölken (“to shout, bark”), Old English bealċettan (“to utter, send forth”). See also English bolk, boak.

imitative

cog

The hotel coffee machine gurgles out an acrid belch.

2016 March 11, Jennifer Coates, “I Am A Transwoman. I Am In The Closet. I Am Not Coming Out.”, in Medium:

An instance of belching; the sound that it makes.


tom

From generic use of the proper name Tom.


bout

From Middle English bught, probably from Old English *buht (“bend, turn”), an unrecorded variant of Old English byht (“a bend, curve”), from Proto-West Germanic *buhti, from Proto-Germanic *buhtiz (“a bend”). Doublet of bight and bought.

(music) A bulge or widening in a musical instrument, such as either of the two characteristic bulges of a guitar.

poski

music: bulge or widening in a musical instrument


cock-a-doodle-doo

Hark, hark, I heare, the ſtraine of ſtrutting Chanticlere cry cockadidle-dowe.

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 5, column 1:

Chook, chook, quack, quack, / Cock-a-doodle-doo; / All the ducks and the fowls / Admire me, they do.

1875 July 23, Sydney Punch, page 1, column 1:


shadow

en-noun

shadow (countable and uncountable, plural shadows)

From Middle English schadowe, schadewe, schadwe (also schade > shade), from Old English sċeaduwe, sċeadwe, oblique form of sċeadu (“shadow, shade; darkness; protection”), from Proto-West Germanic *skadu, from Proto-Germanic *skadwaz (“shade, shadow”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃- (“darkness”).
Cognates:
Cognate with Scots scaddow, schaddow (“shadow”), Saterland Frisian Skaad (“shade, shadow”), Dutch schaduw (“shadow”), German Schatten (“shadow, shade”), Norwegian skodde (“fog, mist”), Irish scáth (“shadow”), Ancient Greek σκότος (skótos, “darkness, gloom”).

cog

My shadow lengthened as the sun began to set.

The X-ray showed a shadow on his lung.

The stories did not seem to me to touch life. […] They left me with the impression of a well-delivered stereopticon lecture, with characters about as life-like as the shadows on the screen, and whisking on and off, at the mercy of the operator.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

A dark image projected onto a surface where light (or other radiation) is blocked by the shade of an object.

影

かーぎ, kāgi, かーがー, kāgā


pitch simultaneity

simultaneity succession
simultaneity succession

(music) Any two or more pitches or pitch classes all of which occur simultaneously, or at the same time. It may be thought of as a more general term for any possible chord. Any chord progression or harmonic progression is then a simultaneity succession, though not all simultaneity successions are harmonic progressions and not all simultaneities are chords.


final

→ Japanese: ファイナル (fainaru)

→ Swahili: fainali

From Middle English final, fynal, fynall, from Old French final, from Latin fīnālis (“of or relating to the end or to boundaries”), from fīnis (“end”); see fine. Replaced native English endly (“final”).

der

(music) The tonic or keynote of a Gregorian mode, and hence the final note of any conventional melody played in that mode.


stratification

en-noun

stratification (countable and uncountable, plural stratifications)


mezzo

Emily Golden, a mezzo who was adept in an especially wide range of roles;

1983 January 2, John Rockwell, “New Opera May Have a Future After All”, in The New York Times:


Saturn

From Old English Sætern, from Latin Sāturnus, probably from Etruscan 𐌔𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌄 (satre), plausibly influenced by Latin satus, past participle of serere (“to sow”).

12. Venus, a Staff in Pale Sol, and thereupon a Cross Pattee, Luna surmounted off a Pall of the last, charged with 4. like Crosses fitched Saturn, edged and stringed as the second. This Coat belongs to the Archiepiscopal See of Canterbury, to whose place it appertains to Crown and Inaugurate the Kings of England.

1693, Richard Blome, The Art of Heraldry, in two parts ... second edition ..., pages 76-77:

[…] The Field is Luna, a Chevron, Mars, between three Bull's Heads couped Saturn, armed Sol. This Coat-Armour pertained to the Right Noble Family of Thomas Bulleine Lord hoo and Hastings, Viscount Rochford, […] [pages 200-201:] I have omitted, in this Edition, that Escucheon Sol, charged with three Toads erected Saturn, which, according to some Authors, was the Coat-Armour of the ancient Kings of France; […]

1724, John Guillim, A Display of Heraldry, page 151:

The Archiepiscopal See of Armagh bears Jupiter, a Pastoral Staff in Pale Luna, ensigned with a Cross Pattee Sol, surmounded by a Pall of the second, edged and fringed of the third, charged with four like Crosses Pattee Fitched Saturn.

1739, James Ware, Walter Harris, The Whole Works of Sir James Ware Concerning Ireland, volume 1, page 1:

(heraldry, rare) Sable (black), in the postmedieval practice of blazoning the tinctures in the arms of certain sovereign people and places as planets.


miaow

(chiefly dated) British spelling of meow


miaow

en-verb

miaow (third-person singular simple present miaows, present participle miaowing, simple past and past participle miaowed)

miaows (present singular third-person)
miaowing (participle present)
miaowed (participle past)
miaowed (past)


gig

The etymology of the noun is unknown, but compare Old French gigue (“a fiddle”). The verb is derived from the noun.

I caught one of the Rolling Stones’ first gigs in Richmond.

Hey, when are we gonna get that hotel gig again?

Originally (music), a performing engagement by a musician or musical group; (by extension, film, television, theater) a job or role for a performer.

حَفْلَة

performing engagement by a musician or musical group; job or role for a performer


gig

gig (third-person singular simple present gigs, present participle gigging, simple past and past participle gigged)

gigs (present singular third-person)
gigging (participle present)
gigged (participle past)
gigged (past)

(music) To play (a musical instrument) at a gig.

The Rolling Stones were gigging around Richmond at the time.

(film, music, television, theater) To engage in a musical performance, act in a theatre production, etc.

keikkailla

to engage in a musical performance, act in a theatre production, etc.

მუსიკალურ წარმოდგენაში მონაწილეობა


gradation

en-noun

gradation (countable and uncountable, plural gradations)

/ɡɹəˈdeɪʃən/

/ɡɹəˈdeɪʃən/

/ˌɡɹeɪˈdeɪʃən/

Borrowed from French gradation. By surface analysis, Blend of grade + -ation.

(music) A gradual change within one parameter, or an overlapping of two blocks of sound.

(music) A diatonic succession of chords.


interpolation

interpolation (countable and uncountable, plural interpolations)

/ɪnˌtɜː(ɹ)pəˈleɪʃən/

From French interpolation, from Latin interpolatio.
Morphologically interpolate + -ion

(music) An abrupt change in elements, with continuation of the first idea.

The melody itself is an interpolation of “The Streets of Cairo,” an Orientalist Tin Pan Alley song originally published in 1895.

2015, Loren Kajikawa, Sounding Race in Rap Songs, page 147:

(music) The use of a melody from a previously recorded song, but recreated rather than sampled from that recording.


durational pattern

durational pattern (plural durational patterns)

(music) Foreground details, such as rhythmic units or rhythmic gestures, as projected against a background metric structure.


metric structure

metric structure (plural metric structures)

(music) Regular rhythmic components of a song, including its metre and tempo.


largo

(music) a musical piece or movement in such a tempo


equal-interval chord

equal-interval chord (plural equal-interval chords)

(music) A chord characterized by one repeating interval.


mixed-interval chord

mixed-interval chord (plural mixed-interval chords)

(music) A chord that does not have one consistent interval.


pitch class

(music) An equivalence class of all pitches that are octaves apart, and which would be labeled by an integer, not a traditional letter name.


interval class

interval class (plural interval classes)

(music) An interval measured by the distance between its two pitch classes ordered so they are as close as possible.


scale

→ Japanese: スケール (sukēru)

From Middle English scale, from Latin scāla, usually in plural scālae (“a flight of steps, stairs, staircase, ladder”), for *skand-slā, from scandō (“I climb”); see scan, ascend, descend, etc. Doublet of scala.

(music) A series of notes spanning an octave, tritave, or pseudo-octave, used to make melodies.


dyad

From Ancient Greek δυάς (duás), δυάδ- (duád-) from δύο (dúo, “two”), from Proto-Indo-European *duwó, *duwéh₃ (*dwóh₁). The mathematics sense was coined by American scientist Josiah Willard Gibbs in 1884 in the second half of his book Elements of Vector Analysis.

чифт

pair of things standing in particular relation

(music) Any set of two different pitch classes.

dyadi

(music) any set of two different pitch classes


cacophony

en-noun

cacophony (countable and uncountable, plural cacophonies)

From French cacophonie, from Ancient Greek κακοφωνία (kakophōnía), from κακός (kakós, “bad”) + φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound”).

1921-1922, H. P. Lovecraft, Herbert West: Reanimator,
Not more unutterable could have been the chaos of hellish sound if the pit itself had opened to release the agony of the damned, for in one inconceivable cacophony was centered all the supernal terror and unnatural despair of animate nature.

The Japanese got their attack in first. About ten minutes after passing the U.S. aircraft, they spotted Hornet (local weather patterns temporarily concealing Enterprise). Things had improved a little bit compared to the Eastern Solomons, and three dozen F4F Wildcats on combat air patrol were vectored onto the oncoming hostiles, but once that initial task was accomplished, things began to collapse back into the cacophony and chaos that was all too familiar to those aboard the Enterprise, meaning that the end result was round about the same[…]

2021 February 3, Drachinifel, 10:55 from the start, in Guadalcanal Campaign - Santa Cruz (IJN 2 : 2 USN), archived from the original on 2022-12-04:

A blistering start from the Scots served to steady the ship amid a cacophony that defied the quarter-full national stadium.

2021 June 14, Scott Mullen, “Scotland 0-2 Czech Republic”, in BBC Sport:


bok

"Do you want to go to the movies?" "Ja, I'm bok."


bok

onomatopoeic

Imitative

And he says, "Chicken! Bok bok bok bok!" One time I got up and put the controller down and we started fighting.

2000, William S Pollack, Todd Shuster, Real boys' voices:

So the librarian gives the chicken a book. The chicken goes away, but comes back the next day, goes up to the librarian's desk and says: 'Bok, bok!'

2004, Andrew Bennett, Nicholas Royle, An introduction to literature, criticism and theory:


snare

From Middle English snare, from Old English snearu, sneare (“a string; cord”), from Proto-Germanic *snarhǭ (“a sling; loop; noose”). Cognate with Old Norse snara. Also related to German Schnur and Dutch snaar, snoer.

inh

(music) A set of stiff wires held under tension against the bottom head of a drum to create a rattling sound.

virvelimatto

music: set of chains strung across the bottom of a drum


crack

en-verb

crack (third-person singular simple present cracks, present participle cracking, simple past and past participle cracked)

cracks (present singular third-person)
cracking (participle present)
cracked (participle past)
cracked (past)

From Middle English crakken, craken, from Old English cracian (“to resound, crack”), from Proto-West Germanic *krakōn, from Proto-Germanic *krakōną (“to crack, crackle, shriek”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to resound, cry hoarsely”).
Cognate with Scots crak (“to crack”), West Frisian kreakje (“to crack”), Dutch kraken (“to crunch, creak, squeak”), Low German kraken (“to crack”), German krachen (“to crash, crack, creak”), Lithuanian gìrgžděti (“to creak, squeak”), Old Armenian կարկաչ (karkačʻ), Sanskrit गर्जति (gárjati, “to roar, hum”).

cog

there's more than one way to crack an egg

you've got to crack a few eggs to make an omelette

The bat cracked with authority and the ball went for six.

(intransitive) To make a cracking sound.

to crack a whip

Hershell cracked his knuckles, a nervous habit that drove Inez crazy[…]

(transitive) To cause to make a sharp sound.


crack

en-noun

crack (countable and uncountable, plural cracks)

The crack of the falling branch could be heard for miles.

(onomatopoeia) The sharp sound made when solid material breaks.

трясък

The crack of the bat hitting the ball.

She broke to love in the opening game, only for Bartoli to hit straight back in game two, which was interrupted by a huge crack of thunder that made Lisicki jump and prompted nervous laughter from the 15,000 spectators.

2011 June 28, Piers Newbery, “Wimbledon 2011: Sabine Lisicki beats Marion Bartoli”, in BBC Sport:


jam

en-verb

jam (third-person singular simple present jams, present participle jamming, simple past and past participle jammed)

jams (present singular third-person)
jamming (participle present)
jammed (participle past)
jammed (past)

First attested in the early 18th c. as a verb meaning “to press, be pressed, be wedged in”. Compare dialectal jammock (“to press, squeeze, crush into a soft mass, chew food"; also "a soft, pulpy substance”). Perhaps from Middle English chammen, champen ("to bite upon something, gnash the teeth"; whence modern champ, chomp), of uncertain origin; probably originally onomatopoeic.

onomatopoeic

onomatopoeic

en:play music, especially improvisationally

(music) To play music (especially improvisation as a group, or an informal unrehearsed session).


tender

en-adj

tender (comparative tenderer, superlative tenderest)

tenderer (comparative)
tenderest (superlative)

From Middle English tender, tendere, from Anglo-Norman tender, Old French tendre, from Latin tener, tenerum (“soft, delicate”).

[…]poore Lord, is't I
That chaſe thee from thy Countrie, and expoſe
Thoſe tender limbes of thine[…]

c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

Be careful: that area is tender.

2006, Shrek, spoken by Shrek (Mike Myers):


tender

en-adv

tender (comparative more tender, superlative most tender)

more tender (comparative)
most tender (superlative)

From Middle English tender, tendur, tendir, tendre, from the adjective (see above).

Love me tender, love me sweet
Never let me go

1956, Ken Darb (lyrics and music), “Love Me Tender”, performed by Elvis Presley:


cold fusion

Cold fusion (disambiguation)
cold fusion

A hypothetical form of nuclear fusion not requiring the usual immensely high temperatures; nuclear fusion at or near room temperature.

A method of synthesizing superheavy elements, where the product nucleus has a relatively low excitation energy of ~10 to 20 MeV.


study

en-noun

study (countable and uncountable, plural studies)

From Middle English studie, from Old French estudie (Modern French étude), borrowed from Latin studium (“zeal, dedication, study”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd- (“to push, hit”). Doublet of etude and studio.

der

(music) A piece for special practice; an etude.


diamond

en-noun

diamond (countable and uncountable, plural diamonds)

From Middle English dyamaunt, from Old French diamant, from Late Latin diamas, from Latin adamas, from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas, “diamond”). Doublet of adamant. The printing sense is a calque of Dutch diamant, used by Dirck Voskens who first cut it around 1700; compare pearl, ruby (“size of type between pearl and nonpareil”).

der

Elphingston. Pearl a Chevron Diamond between three Boars Heads Eraz'd Ruby, arm'd of the first. / Eymouth. Diamond a Lyon Rampant Pearl, on a Canton of the 2d, a Cross Ruby.

1720, Francis Nichols, Rudiments of Honour, page 296:

The Field is Ruby, on a Bend Topaz, three Martlets Diamond. The Armes of the most Noble and Puissant Lord, Edward Brabazon, Earl of Meath, and Baron of Atherdee in the Kingdom of Ireland. His Lordship's Atchievements are Quarterly of sixteen Coats. 1. Brabazon, as above. 2. Diamond, on a Chevron between three Pickaxes Pearl, as many Mullets Ruby, by the Name of Mosley. 3. Saphire, ten Bezants, 4, 3, 2, 1, by the Bisset.

1726, John Guillim, The Banner Display'd; Or, an Abridgment of Guillim, page 504:

Pearl, an Eagle, Diamond, between three Crosses Patee, Ruby, for Morrys.

1754, John Lodge, The Peerage of Ireland; Or, a Genealogical History of the ..., page 71:

(heraldry) Sable, when blazoning by precious stones.


marigold

/ˈmæɹ.ɪˌɡəʊld/

/ˈmæɹ.ɪˌɡoʊld/

/ˈmɛɹ.ɪˌɡoʊld/

From Middle English marigolde, marygoldye, from Mary (“referring to the Virgin Mary”) + golde (“marigold”).

A piece of marigold or bay leaf was imbedded in the metal, and over it a carbuncle or chrysolite was placed.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 155:

Any of the Old World plants, of the genus Calendula, with orange, yellow or reddish flowers.

Native Americans introduced whites and slaves to several edible greens including marigold, milkweed, and pokeweed (Whit 2007).

2009, Herbert C. Covey, Dwight Eisnach, What the Slaves Ate, ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 87:

Any of the New World plants, of the genus Tagetes, with orange, yellow or reddish flowers.

(UK, slang, obsolete) A million pounds sterling.

Alternative form of Marigold (rubber glove for cleaning)


marigold

en-adj

marigold (comparative more marigold, superlative most marigold)

more marigold (comparative)
most marigold (superlative)

/ˈmæɹ.ɪˌɡəʊld/

/ˈmæɹ.ɪˌɡoʊld/

/ˈmɛɹ.ɪˌɡoʊld/

marigold:

Having the color of marigolds, a bright yellowish-orange hue.


table

→ Assamese: টেবুল (tebul)

→ Bengali: টেবিল (ṭebil)

→ Gujarati: ટેબલ (ṭebal)

→ Japanese: テーブル (tēburu)

→ Korean: 테이블 (teibeul)

→ Maori: tēpu

→ Nepali: टेबुल (ṭebul)

→ Odia: ଟେବଲ୍ (ṭebal)

→ Telugu: టేబులు (ṭēbulu)

From Middle English table, tabel, tabil, tabul, from Old English tabele, tabul, tablu, tabule, tabula (“board”); also as tæfl, tæfel, an early Germanic borrowing of Latin tabula (“tablet, board, plank, chart”). The sense of “piece of furniture” is from Old French table, of same Latin origin; Old English used bēod or bord instead for this meaning: see board. Doublet of tabula and tavla.

der

(music) The top of a stringed instrument, particularly a member of the violin family: the side of the instrument against which the strings vibrate.


candlepower

en-noun

candlepower (usually uncountable, plural candlepowers)

(dated) A unit of luminous intensity of a light source, equal to 0.981 candelas.

燭

former measurement of brightness of a light source


frog

→ Esperanto: frogo

→ Hawaiian: poloka

→ Irish: frog

From Middle English frogge, from Old English frogga, from Proto-West Germanic *froggō (“frog”). Cognate with Norwegian Nynorsk fraug (“frog”), Old Norse frauki. Related also to English frosk (“frog”), frosh (“frog”), and frock (“frog”).
Possibly related to Saterland Frisian Poage (“frog”), German Low German Pogg, Pogge (“frog”).

(music) The part of a violin bow (or that of other similar string instruments such as the viola, cello and contrabass) located at the end held by the player, to which the horsehair is attached.


interval

From Middle English interval, intervalle, from Old French intervalle, entreval, from Latin intervallum (“space between, interval, distance, interval of time, pause, difference; literally, space between two palisades or walls”), from inter (“between”) + vallum (“palisade, wall”).

com

(music) The difference (a ratio or logarithmic measure) in pitch between two notes, often referring to those two pitches themselves (otherwise known as a dyad).


caw

en-verb

caw (third-person singular simple present caws, present participle cawing, simple past and past participle cawed)

caws (present singular third-person)
cawing (participle present)
cawed (participle past)
cawed (past)

Rising and cawing at the gun's report.

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

To make the harsh cry of a crow, rook, or raven.

نَعَقَ

to make the cry of a crow, rook, or raven


caw

"Amen," said M., in a grave and solemn tone. "Caw," croaked the jackdaw immediately, and with such a sonorous effect, that it disturbed our pious mien and upset our gravity.

1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 36:

A rendering of the vocalisation of a crow or other corvid.


pulse

From Late Middle English pulse, Middle English pous, pouse (“regular beat of arteries, pulse; heartbeat; place on the body where a pulse is detectable; beat (of a musical instrument); energy, vitality”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman puls, pous, pus, and Middle French pouls, poulz, pous [and other forms], Old French pous, pulz (“regular beat of arteries; place on the body where a pulse is detectable”) (modern French pouls), and from their etymon Latin pulsus (“beat, impulse, pulse, stroke; regular beat of arteries or the heart”), from pellō (“to drive, impel, propel, push; to banish, eject, expel; to set in motion; to strike”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to beat, strike; to drive; to push, thrust”)) + -sus (a variant of -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs)).

nb...

pouce, pounce, pouns, pounse, pousse, pouz, puls

der

(music, prosody) The beat or tactus of a piece of music or verse; also, a repeated sequence of such beats.


candelabrum

en-noun

candelabrum (plural candelabra or (very rare) candelabrums)

candelabra (plural)
candelabrums (plural rare)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin candēlābrum (“candlestick”), from candēla. Doublet of chandelier. Displaced native Old English candeltrēow (literally “candle tree”).

ncog

The chair she sat in, like a burnished throne, / Glowed on the marble, where the glass […] Doubled the flames of sevenbranched candelabra / Reflecting light upon the table as / The glitter of her jewels rose to meet it, […]

1922 October, T[homas] S[tearns] Eliot, “Part II. A Game of Chess.”, in The Waste Land, 1st book edition, New York, N.Y.: Boni and Liveright, published December 1922, →OCLC, page 17:

Cyby followed us holding up his candelabrum—I suppose more for his benefit than mine, but it permitted me to see well enough to keep from colliding with the dark oak shelves we passed.

1980, Gene Wolfe, chapter 6, in The Shadow of the Torturer (The Book of the New Sun; 1), New York: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 58:


croak

From Middle English *croken, crouken, (also represented by craken > crake), back-formation from Old English crācettan (“to croak”) (also in derivative crǣcettung (“croaking”)), from Proto-Germanic *krēk- (compare Swedish kråka, German krächzen), potentially from Proto-Indo-European *greh₂-g- (compare Sanskrit गर्जति (garjati, “to growl”); also Latin grāculus (“jackdaw”), Serbo-Croatian grákati from *greh₂-k-), of onomatopoeic origin.

The call of a frog or toad. (see also ribbit)


doo

onomatopoeic

child speak

(Ever feel like you've just entered... The Twilight Zone? Doo, doo, doo, doo, doo, doo....)

1995, Phil Farrand, The Nitpicker's Guide for Next Generation Trekkers: Volume 2:

[…] the bloke who sang about coloured girls going 'doo de doo de doo doo d'de doo de doo de doo' had once had this thing with the guy who produced the debut albums by the Stooges and Patti Smith.

2006, Steve Taylor, A to X of Alternative Music, page 272:


top

en-noun

top (countable and uncountable, plural tops)

From Middle English top, toppe, from Old English top (“top, highest part; summit; crest; tassel, tuft; (spinning) top, ball; a tuft or ball at the highest point of anything”), from Proto-West Germanic *topp, from Proto-Germanic *tuppaz (“braid, pigtail, end”), of unknown ultimate origin.
Cognate with Scots tap (“top”), North Frisian top, tap, tup (“top”), Saterland Frisian Top (“top”), West Frisian top (“top”), Dutch top (“top, summit, peak”), Low German Topp (“top”), German Zopf (“braid, pigtail, plait, top”), Swedish topp (“top, peak, summit, tip”), Icelandic toppur (“top”).
The sense of a spinning toy is separated from this, obscurely related to Dutch top and dop in this sense, against Standard Dutch tol, and French toupie having this sense.

頂上

chōjō, ちょうじょう

suprulo

BDSM: dominant partner in a BDSM relationship or roleplay

主動

gay sexual slang: gay man who likes to penetrate in sex

one's elevator doesn't go all the way to the top

She sang at the top of her voice.

I made a speaking trumpet of my hands and commenced to whoop “Ahoy!” and “Hello!” at the top of my lungs. […] The Colonel woke up, and, after asking what in brimstone was the matter, opened his mouth and roared “Hi!” and “Hello!” like the bull of Bashan.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

(sound) Highest pitch or loudest volume.


chord

Variant of cord, with spelling alteration due to Latin chorda (“cord”), ultimately from Ancient Greek χορδή (khordḗ, “string of gut, the string of a lyre”)

der

He struck the opening chords of the passage; but this time Irene's voice was silent. Victor stopped in the middle of an arpeggio.

1956, Delano Ames, chapter 14, in Crime out of Mind:

(music) A harmonic set of three or more notes that is heard as if sounding simultaneously.


chord

en-verb

chord (third-person singular simple present chords, present participle chording, simple past and past participle chorded)

chords (present singular third-person)
chording (participle present)
chorded (participle past)
chorded (past)

This note chords with that one.

(music) To accord; to harmonize together.