nightlight

She had brought in with her the night-light that had been burning outside her door. She blew it out.

1925, D. H. Lawrence, chapter XVIII, in Louis L. Martz, editor, Quetzalcoatl, New York: New Directions, published 1998, page 310:

They made you give up / your nightlight / and your teddy / and your thumb.

1974, Anne Sexton, “The Fury of Overshoes”, in The Complete Poems, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, published 1981, page 372:

1988, Joseph Brodsky, "Gorbunov and Gorchakov" Canto 13 in In Urania, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, p. 165,
Your light cannot drive off the dark from me— / not any more than night-lights by the bed / drive off my dreams.

He put a small nightlight in the bathroom to find his way around in the dark.

a small, dim light or lamp left on overnight

дежурна светлина

The floor-cloth deadened his footsteps as he moved in that direction through the obscurity, which was broken only by the faintest reflected night-light from without.

1895, Thomas Hardy, Jude the Obscure, Part Six, Chapter III:

[…] the man held up two small objects faintly twinkling in the nightlight;

1924, Herman Melville, chapter 12, in Billy Budd, London: Constable & Co.:

Their made-up faces were garish in the night-light and as they walked they stared fixedly ahead, afraid to make a sideways glance in case it should be called soliciting.

1980, William Trevor, chapter 4, in Other People's Worlds, Penguin, published 1982, page 79:

light that shines at night such as moonlight, starlight, etc.


audio

en-adj

audio (comparative more audio, superlative most audio)

more audio (comparative)
most audio (superlative)

Clipping of audio-. Cognates include Sanskrit आविस् (āvís, “manifestly, evidently”) and Ancient Greek αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai, “perceive, notice”) whence English aesthetic.

cog

If you're more audio than visual, tune in on the "A-V Soap Opera" (page 375).

1955, The Educational Screen - Volume 34, page 366:

I'm very audio, so I hear words.

1997, Arthur Myers, Communicating With Animals, →ISBN:

For example, if the person uses visual predicates such as “I see” or “I can't picture that,” the most powerful influencers will respond by saying “Let me show you,” as opposed to “let me explain,” the latter predicate being more audio than visual.

2010, Dick Lyles, Pearls of Perspicacity, →ISBN:

Focused on audible sound, as opposed to sight.


audio

en-noun

audio (usually uncountable, plural audios)

Others wryly illustrate appropriated audios, like instructions for quacking like a duck or a letter from an angry airline passenger.

2009 April 17, The New York Times, “Art in Review”, in New York Times:

(uncountable) A sound, or a sound signal.

I DMed him an audio of myself singing the South Park intro.

(countable) A piece of sound that is recorded electronically.


speechless

From Middle English specheles, from Old English sprǣċlēas (“speechless; without the power of speak”), from Proto-Germanic *sprēkalausaz, equivalent to speech + -less. Cognate with West Frisian sprakeleas (“speechless”), Dutch sprakeloos (“speechless”), German Low German spraaklos (“speechless”), German sprachlos (“speechless”).

cog

When he walked into his surprise birthday party, he was completely speechless.

The attack was so unwarranted and delivered with such venom that his unpreparedness for it left him speechless.

1966, James Workman, The Mad Emperor, Melbourne, Sydney: Scripts, page 62:

Not speaking; not knowing what to say; silent, especially due to surprise, amazement, etc.


widdle

en-adj

widdle (comparative widdler, superlative widdlest)

widdler (comparative)
widdlest (superlative)

(childish or mocking, chiefly US, Canada) Little.


jitterbug

desctree

Japanese: ジルバ (jiruba)
Chinese: 吉魯巴／吉鲁巴 (jílǔbā)

/ˈd͡ʒɪtə(ɹ)bʌɡ/

From jitter + bug, after the 1934 Cab Calloway song Jitter Bug.

Synonym of diddley bow (“type of stringed instrument”)


unaccompanied

en-adj

unaccompanied (comparative more unaccompanied, superlative most unaccompanied)

more unaccompanied (comparative)
most unaccompanied (superlative)

(music) performed or scored without accompaniment; solo


ululation

]
Borrowed from Latin ululātiō, from ululō (“to howl, shriek, yell”) (from a reduplicated Proto-Indo-European imitative root) + -ātiō (suffix forming nouns relating to some action or the result of an action) (from Proto-Indo-European *-tis (suffix forming abstract or action nouns from verb roots)).

der

The overthrown Martian set up a prolonged ululation, and immediately a second glittering giant, answering him, appeared over the trees[.]

1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 137:

As we started there broke from the thick silent woods behind us a sudden great ululation of the ape-men, which may have been a cheer of triumph at our departure or a jeer of contempt at our flight.

1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

Because it is not as reliable as the simple ululation or the louder cross-register ululation, it should be allowed a certain amount of preparation time.

1980, Deborah [Helene] Kavasch, An Introduction to Extended Vocal Techniques: Some Compositional Aspects and Performance Problems (Reports from the Center (University of California, San Diego, Center for Music Experiment); vol. 1, no. 2), La Jolla, Calif.: Center for Music Experiment, →OCLC, page 6:

Maryam, my research assistant, and I were going through some interviews we had conducted the previous day, when cheerful ululation disrupted our discussion. Coming from the culture of north Sudan, where such ululation may announce the happy news of a wedding or a circumcision, I assumed a similar situation was taking place […]

2007, Amal Hassan Fadlalla, “Gendered Placenta: The Paths to Proper Fertility and Responsible Motherhood”, in Embodying Honor: Fertility, Foreignness, and Regeneration in Eastern Sudan, Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, →ISBN, page 109:

[T]he sound of the ululation brought my own past and future, my entire life, in front of my eyes like a very long road, and it was as if this ululation was reaching the ear from its most distant and shadowy edges. This is how my day began.

2014, Rabindranath Tagore, translated by Rosinka Chaudhuri, Letters from a Young Poet: 1887–1895 (Penguin Modern Classics), New Delhi: Penguin Books, →ISBN:

The Queen had heard ululation many times in the past as she travelled the world, particularly in Africa, but this time, the sound made her shiver. Ululation is found in some singing techniques and ritual situations.

2014 August 20, Peter Ship, “April–May”, in McNiven: The Kingdom Guardian, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris, →ISBN, page 198:

The act of ululating; a long, loud, wavering cry or howl.


burr

Onomatopoeic, influenced by bur. Compare to French bruire.


burr

2003, Thomas Howard Crofts, Fifteenth-century Malory, page 290:
We are made to witness a cathartic shuffling-off of mortalities and of hatreds: Mordred's pulling himself up to the 'burr' of Arthur's spear is Malory's own detail and one of the most memorable in the book.


night owl

From night + owl, from the fact that the bird is active at night.

The night-owl,—a mug-shaped instrument, with an orifice in its side, through which a whistle is inserted,—when used, is partly filled with water, to give the tremulous owl-hoot sound.

1874 May, James Judson Lord, “Haydn’s Children’s Symphony [actually the Toy Symphony, possibly by Leopold Mozart or Edmund Angerer]”, in [Mary Mapes Dodge], editor, St. Nicholas, volume I, number 7, New York, N.Y.: Scribner & Co., →OCLC, page 429, column 2:

At the right was the piano, with a young lady seated, ready to play. Just before the curtain, and arranged in a semicircle, sat the juvenile orchestra,—Kitty with a tin trumpet; Jane with her night-owl filled with water and ready to pipe up; Julia with another bird, but having a different note; John with his drum, and Edward with his trumpet.

1889, Charles Barnard, chapter VI, in The Tone Masters: A Musical Series for Young People, Boston, Mass.: New England Conservatory of Music, →OCLC, book I (Mozart and Mendelssohn), pages 189–190:

(music) A musical instrument which imitates an owl's hoot, consisting of a receptacle partly filled with water and a mouthpiece that is blown into.


vinyl

en-noun

vinyl (countable and uncountable, plural vinyls)

→ Catalan: vinil

→ Finnish: vinyyli

→ French: vinyle

→ German: Vinyl

→ Greek: βινύλιο (vinýlio)

→ Irish: vinil

→ Italian: vinile

→ Japanese: ビニール (binīru)

→ Korean: 비닐 (binil)

Portuguese: vinil

→ Russian: винил (vinil)

→ Spanish: vinilo

→ Swedish: vinyl

From Latin vīnum (“wine”) + -yl. Derived from Latin vīnum because ethyl alcohol is the ordinary alcohol present in wine.

Many DJs prefer vinyl to CDs.

(music, collectively, uncountable) Phonograph records as a medium.

Coordinate term: acetate

This is a tangible example of the net's natural flow toward improved environmental outcomes. Although some people lament the loss of flipping through CDs, or eight-tracks, or vinyls, there is a clear upside to dematerialization.

2011, David Eagleman, Why the Net Matters, Canongate Books, →ISBN:


vinyl

Dance, boogie wonderland / Sound fly through the night / I chase my vinyl dreams to boogie wonderland

1979, “Boogie Wonderland”, in I Am, performed by Earth, Wind & Fire:

After being gifted a turntable and investing in relatively inexpensive speakers, he talks about becoming reacquainted with the Impulse vinyl version of John Coltrane's celebrated jazz album, A Love Supreme.

2015, Dominik Bartmanski, Ian Woodward, Vinyl: The Analogue Record in the Digital Age, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 48:

(music) Pertaining to a phonograph record.


hush

From Middle English huschen (“to hush”) (as past participle husht (“silent; hushed”) and interjection husht (“quiet!”)). Cognate with Low German huschen, hüssen (“to hush; lull”), German huschen (“to shoo; scurry”), Danish hysse (“to hush”), and maybe Albanian hesht.

It is the hush of night.

1816, Lord Byron, “Canto III”, in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. Canto the Third, London: Printed for John Murray, […], →OCLC, stanza LXXXVI:

And there fell a hush upon the gods when they saw that Māna rested, and there was silence on Pegāna save for the drumming of Skarl.

1905, Lord Dunsany [i.e., Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany], The Gods of Pegāna, London: [Charles] Elkin Mathews, […], →OCLC:


ambient

en-adj

ambient (comparative more ambient, superlative most ambient)

more ambient (comparative)
most ambient (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Mélange a trois-ambient.wav

From Latin ambiēns (“going around”), from ambiō (“go around”).

(music) Evoking or creating an atmosphere: atmospheric.

tunnelmallinen

(music) evoking or creating an atmosphere


ambient

en-noun

ambient (countable and uncountable, plural ambients)

→ Polish: ambient

It might be also, that attracted by that great void Vacuum ... all the ambients would be rarified, and particularly, the air.

1662 Thomas Salusbury, Galileo's Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (Dialogue 2)

(astrology) The atmosphere; the surrounding air or sky; atmospheric components collectively such as air, clouds, water vapour, hail, etc.

Ambient can be flabby synth mulch that needs to access cyberism and external philosophies to convince you you're not being scammed.

1996, SPIN, volume 12, number 3, page 116:

(uncountable, music) A type of modern music that creates a relaxing and peaceful atmosphere.


trot

From Middle English trotten, from Old French trotter, troter (“to go, trot”), from Medieval Latin *trottō, *trotō (“to go”), from Frankish *trottōn (“to go, run”), from Proto-Germanic *trudōną, *trudaną, *tradjaną (“to go, step, tread”), from Proto-Indo-European *dreh₂- (“to run, escape”). Cognate with Old High German trottōn (“to run”), Modern German trotten (“to trot, plod”), Gothic 𐍄𐍂𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (trudan, “to tread”), Old Norse troða (“to walk, tread”), Old English tredan (“to step, tread”). Doublet of tread.

der

(Australia, obsolete) A succession of heads thrown in a game of two-up.

He's got a bad case of the trots and has to keep running off to the toilet.


trot

Short for foxtrot, whose rhythms influenced the genre.

A genre of Korean pop music employing repetitive rhythm and vocal inflections.


racket

Attested since the 1500s, of unclear origin; possibly a metathesis of the dialectal term rattick (“to shake, rattle”).

Power tools work quickly, but they sure make a racket.

With all the racket they're making, I can't hear myself think!

What's all this racket?

Vast flights of starlings, fleeing the racket, beat across the sky at high speed, like Squall-clouds,— Evening at Noon-tide.

1997, Thomas Pynchon, chapter 52, in Mason & Dixon, 1st US edition, New York: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, part Two: America, page 501:

(dated, slang) Something taking place considered as exciting, trying, unusual, etc. or as an ordeal.


racket

en-verb

racket (third-person singular simple present rackets, present participle racketing, simple past and past participle racketed)

rackets (present singular third-person)
racketing (participle present)
racketed (participle past)
racketed (past)

(intransitive) To make a clattering noise.


tickle the ivories

tickle the ivories (third-person singular simple present tickles the ivories, present participle tickling the ivories, simple past and past participle tickled the ivories)

tickles the ivories (present singular third-person)
tickling the ivories (participle present)
tickled the ivories (participle past)
tickled the ivories (past)

"I don't think your musical friend is much on the grub-box. Has to keep her hands white to tickle the ivories."

Mencken, more a music lover than a musician, sometimes tickled the ivories in a repertory of Beethoven, Bach, Strauss and W. C. Handy.

1984 June 9, Ben A. Franklin, “Mencken Monument Spurs ‘Frenzied Piffle’”, in New York Times, retrieved 2016-11-14:


piston

(music) A valve device in some brass instruments for changing the pitch


firewood

en-noun

firewood (countable and uncountable, plural firewoods)

desc

Chinese Pidgin English: firewood, 快也𭉉 (Chinese spelling)

From Middle English ferwode, fyrewoode, equivalent to fire + wood.

After many days of hard work, we finally had enough firewood for the winter.

Wood intended to be burned, typically for heat.

アベチクニ

wood intended to be burned, typically for heat


fire department

en-noun

fire department (plural fire departments)

(firefighting, US) An organization, often part of a local government, whose purpose is preventing and putting out fires. May provide other emergency services as well.


cluster

→ Catalan: clúster

→ French: cluster

→ German: Cluster

→ Italian: cluster

→ Japanese: クラスター (kurasutā)

→ Portuguese: cluster

→ Russian: кла́стер (kláster)

→ Spanish: clúster

→ Swedish: kluster

High Performance Computing Center, Stuttgart

The noun is derived from Middle English cluster (“bunch, cluster, spray; compact body or mass, ball”) [and other forms], from Old English cluster, clyster (“cluster, bunch, branch”), from Proto-Germanic *klas-, *klus- (“to clump, lump together”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“to ball up; to clench; to amass”)) + *-þrą (suffix forming nouns denoting an instrument or tool). The English word is probably a doublet of clot.
The verb is derived from the noun.
cognates
* Dutch klister (“cluster”) (dialectal)
* Icelandic klasi (“cluster; bunch of grapes”)
* Low German Kluuster (“cluster”)
* Swedish kluster (“cluster”)

nb...

closter, clostre, clouster, clowster, clustre, clustyr

բույլ

A bunch or group of several discrete items that are close to each other.

(music) A secundal chord of three or more notes.


winding

en-noun

winding (countable and uncountable, plural windings)

The noun is derived from Middle English winding, windinge, wyndynge (“act of exposing something to the wind, airing, ventilating; act of winnowing (?)”), from winden, wynden (“to expose (something) to the air or wind, ventilate; to cause (someone) to be out of breath; to winnow (wheat); of an animal: to catch the scent of (someone or something)”) + -ing, -inge (suffix forming gerund nouns, and the present participle forms of verbs).
The adjective is derived from the verb.
The English word is analysable as wind (“to blow air through (a wind instrument or horn) to make a sound; to cause (someone) to become breathless; to winnow (food grain), etc.”) + -ing (suffix forming present participial adjectives and verbs, and nouns denoting an action or the embodiment of an action).

suffix

Novv their opinions of the end of the vvorld, of Paradiſe, and of hell; exceede the vanity of dreames, and all old vviues fables. They ſay, that at the vvinding of a horne not only all fleſh ſhall die, but the Angels themſelues: & that the earth vvith earthquakes ſhall be kneaded together like a lumpe of dough, for forty daies ſo continuing.

1615, George Sandys, “The First Booke”, in The Relation of a Iourney Begun An: Dom: 1610. […], London: […] [Richard Field] for W. Barrett, →OCLC, page 58:

[W]e savv a Fox run by the Foot of our Mount into an adjacent Thicket. A fevv Minutes after, vve heard a confuſed Noiſe of the opening of Hounds, the vvinding of Horns, and the roaring of Country Squires.

1732, George Berkeley, “The Fifth Dialogue”, in Alciphron: Or, The Minute Philosopher. […], volume I, London: […] J[acob] Tonson […], →OCLC, section I, pages 266–267:

Not a man or woman in the town but has heard stories of apparitions in the forest, or about the old castle. Sometimes it is a pack of hounds that sweep along, and the whoops and hollos of the huntsman, and the winding of horns and the galloping of horse, […]

1826, [Walter Scott], chapter X, in Woodstock; Or, The Cavalier. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, →OCLC, page 247:

(music) The act of blowing air through a wind instrument or (chiefly) a horn to make a sound.

puhallus

act of blowing air through a wind instrument or a horn to make a sound


winding

en-adj

winding (not generally comparable, comparative more winding, superlative most winding)

more winding (comparative)
most winding (superlative)

(not comparable, music) Of a horn or wind instrument: blown to make a sound.

puhallettava

of a horn or wind instrument: blown to make a sound


winding

The noun is derived from Middle English winding, windinge, wyndynge (“directional change, curve, turn; bend of the leg at the knee; meandering course of a river; act of turning and twisting; twisting of things (especially thread) together; wrapping of a cloth around something; wattling of a structure; wattle(s); ornamentation with interwoven patterns; hoisting of something”) [and other forms], and then partly:
* from winden, wynden (“to go, move; to move forcefully or suddenly; to direct, guide, lead; to go along a meandering or twisting course; to move in a circular pattern, revolve, turn; to move restlessly, toss and turn; to wriggle free; to move with a turning or twisting motion, bend, turn, twist; to form or mould (something) in one’s hands; to mix together; to cover; to clothe, dress; to wrap (a baby, a corpse, etc.); to encircle, surround; to bind; to interlace; to winch; (figurative) to conceal, disguise; to embroil, involve”) + -ing, -inge (suffix forming gerund nouns, and the present participle forms of verbs).; and
* from Old English windung (“woven object”), from windan (“to twist, wind; to circle, curl, eddy, spiral”) (from Proto-Germanic *windaną (“to wind; to wrap”), from Proto-Indo-European *wendʰ- (“to turn; to wind”)) + -ung (suffix forming nouns denoting a verbal action or something involved in a verbal action).
The adjective is derived from the verb.
The English word is analysable as wind (“to turn coils of (a cord, etc.) around something; to encircle, enfold, entwist, wrap; to travel in a way that is not straight”) + -ing (suffix forming present participial adjectives and verbs, and nouns denoting an action or the embodiment of an action).

suffix

Among the windings of the violins / And the ariettes / Of cracked cornets / Inside my brain a dull tom-tom begins / Absurdly hammering a prelude of its own, / Capricious monotone / That is at least one definite "false note."

1915 September, T[homas] S[tearns] Eliot, “Portrait of a Lady”, in Prufrock and Other Observations, London: The Egotist […], published 1917, →OCLC, pages 18–19:

(obsolete, music) A variation in a tune.

(lutherie) Synonym of lapping (“lengths of fine silk, metal wire, or whalebone wrapped tightly around the stick of the bow of a string instrument adjacent to the leather part of the bow grip at the heel”)


minimal

en-adj

minimal (comparative more minimal, superlative most minimal)

more minimal (comparative)
most minimal (superlative)

mínimu

the smallest possible amount, quantity, or degree

(music) Characterised by the repetition and gradual alteration of short phrases.

minimalistisch

music: characterised by the repetition and gradual alteration of short phrases


overnight

Inherited from Middle English overnyght, from Old English ofer niht (“through the night, overnight”), equivalent to over + night. Verbal use (late 19th c.) may have been influenced by German übernachten (16th c.), though it could also have developed independently.

inh

Let it run overnight and we'll check on it in the morning.

They delivered the package overnight.

I have heard of a man, who having been drunk overnight, and passed over a very narrow Bridge, which no sober Horseman durst attempt, being brought the next day to see what danger he went through, fell down in a swoon upon the sight of it.

1677, N. Ingelo, A Discourse Concerning Repentance, London, page 36:

[…]then put the glass into a damp cellar, on sand, and the gold will overnight shoot into crystals, which take out, and let them dissolve again in distilled vinegar[…].

1765 February, “The Art of Guilding”, in The Universal Magazine of Knowledge and Pleasure, volume 36, London: John Hinton, page 81:

There was also hairdressing: hairdressing, too, really was hairdressing in those times — no running a comb through it and that was that. It was curled, frizzed, waved, put in curlers overnight, waved with hot tongs;[…].

1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:

Overnight, as the storm bore down on urban flood zones, city officials ramped up emergency spaces to shelter thousands more people, mostly in public schools and colleges.

2012 November 20, Nina Bernstein, “Storm Bared a Lack of Options for the Homeless in New York”, in New York Times:

During or throughout the night, especially during the evening or night just past.

The change seemed to happen overnight.

Overnight, the vivacious young actress became a caricature, a relic of the previous decade, whose hard-partying socialite image seemed frivolous and out of touch amid the ensuing years of the Great Depression.

2012, Christoper Zara, Tortured Artists: From Picasso and Monroe to Warhol and Winehouse, the Twisted Secrets of the World's Most Creative Minds, part 1, chapter 1, 27:

"You can't overnight turn everyone into an expert on everything. [...]."

2021 December 29, Paul Stephen, “Rail's accident investigators”, in RAIL, number 947, page 32:

(figurative) In a very short (but unspecified) amount of time.


overnight

The overnight ferry docked at 10 a.m.


overnight

Word spread that Barney was on his way out to the location and that the Nielsen overnights had been terrific, or why else would he come.

2000, Dorothy C. Swanson, Story of Viewers For Quality TV: From Grassroots to Prime Time:

The TV critic had the results of the June rating survey by Arbitron and Nielsen. […] He has the hard numbers on the June book plus the recent Nielsen overnights.

(television, in the plural) Viewership ratings for a television show that are published the morning after it is broadcast, and may be revised later on.

Pardon me, madam:
If I had given you this at overnight,
She might have been o'erta'en

c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene v]:

(obsolete) The fore part of the previous night; yesterday evening.


pyrolysis

en-noun

pyrolysis (countable and uncountable, plural pyrolyses)

/pɪˈɹɒlɪsɪs/

/pɑɪˈɹɔlɪsɪs/

Techniques that have successfully identified ionic intermediates in solution have been applied to gas-phase pyrolyses.

1972, A. C. Knipe, “Chapter 4: Elimination Reactions”, in B. Capon, C. W. Rees, editors, Organic Reaction Mechanisms 1971, page 143:

Twenty years ago our real understanding of the mechanism of alkane pyrolyses was little better than rudimentary.

1980, J. H. Purnell, “Homogeneous Alkane Cracking”, in William Pryor, editor, Frontiers of Free Radical Chemistry: The route to quantitative description to very high conversion, page 94:

Pyrolysis involves the thermal degradation of the rubber of the tyre to give an oil and gas leaving a residual solid carbon and the steel casing of the tyre.

2001, P. T. Williams, R. P. Bottrill, A. J. Brindle, A. M. Cunliffe, “The potential of pyrolysis for recycling used tyres”, in Ravindra K. Dhir, Mukesh C. Limbachiya, Kevin A. Paine, editors, Recycling and Reuse of Used Tyres: Proceedings of the International Symposium, page 187:

Traditional pyrolysis of wood relies on low temperatures and long processing time to increase the charcoal yield. In contrast, modern or fast pyrolysis uses moderate temperatures (400-500°C) and very short residence times (typically only a few seconds) to maximize the production of liquids (Diebold and Bridgewater, 1997).

2006, John C. F. Walker, Primary Wood Processing: Principles and Practice, 2nd edition, Springer, page 541:

(physical chemistry) The decomposition of a material or compound due to heat, in the absence of oxygen or other reagents.

pirolisi

decomposition of a material or compound due to heat where there is no oxygen or other reagents


sextet

From French sextette, from Italian sestetto.

(music) A composition for six voices or instruments.

секстет

A group of six singers or instrumentalists.


cluck

From Middle English clokken, clocken, from Old English cloccian (“to cluck, make a noise”), from Proto-West Germanic *klukkwōn, from Proto-Germanic *klukkwōną (“to make a sound, cluck”), of imitative origin.
Cognate with Scots clok, clock (“to cluck”), Dutch klokken (“to cluck”), Low German klucken (“to cluck”), German glucken (“to cluck”), Danish klukke (“to cluck”), Swedish klucka (“to cluck”), Icelandic klökkva (“to sob, whine, cluck”).

cog

The sound made by a hen, especially when brooding, or calling her chicks.

A kind of tongue click used to urge on a horse.


cluck

en-verb

cluck (third-person singular simple present clucks, present participle clucking, simple past and past participle clucked)

clucks (present singular third-person)
clucking (participle present)
clucked (participle past)
clucked (past)

"I came across him once," he continued, "when he was playing down on the main road to Skaug; there he sat in the middle of the road with a lot of hens around him, I counted seven, and there were more round about in the wood, for I heard them clucking and calling behind every bush."

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 72:

(intransitive) To make low clicking sounds (refers to hens).

My mother clucked her tongue in disapproval.

(transitive) To cause (the tongue) to make a clicking sound.

When she, poor hen, fond of no second brood,
Has clucked thee to the wars and safely home.

c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:

To call together, or call to follow, as a hen does her chickens.


coo

The male [ring dove] will continue nest-coos for 3–4 days until his female partner begins to nest-coo. At that point the male's nest-coo begins to become less frequent[…].

1979, Mei-Fang Cheng, “Progress and Prospects in Ring Dove Research: A Personal View”, in Jay S[eth] Rosenblatt, Robert A[ubrey] Hinde, Colin Beer, Marie-Claire Busnel, editors, Advances in the Study of Behavior, volume 9, New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, section III (Hormones and Behavior: Lehrman’s Hypotheses), page 99:

The murmuring sound made by a dove or pigeon.

قَرْقَرَة

An infant has only cries and coos with which to communicate distress and well-being. Adults have many more ways of expressing themselves. However, their expressions of disease and ease can be boiled down to sophisticated cries and coos. A call for help in whatever form is a cry. A sense of well-being however expressed is a coo. Healing in the context of cries and coos can be viewed as the process of resolving the cries and fostering the coos.

2001, Denton L. Roberts, Caddy Roberts-Williams, “What You Need to Know to Be Useful”, in Living as Healer: (Everyone Does Therapy and Should … Know How), Pasadena, Calif.: Hope Publishing House, →ISBN, page 23:

(by extension) An expression of pleasure made by a person.


coo

coo (third-person singular simple present coos, present participle cooing, simple past and past participle cooed)

coos (present singular third-person)
cooing (participle present)
cooed (participle past)
cooed (past)

No birds, except as birds of paſſage, flew, / No bee was known to hum, no dove to coo.

1763, C[harles] Churchill, The Prophecy of Famine. A Scots Pastoral, 2nd edition, London: Printed for the author, and sold by G. Kearsly, in Ludgate-street, →OCLC, page 15:

DUET—MAYOR and MAUD. […] Like a Dove I'll coo and bill, pretty Maud, / I will not coo and bill, Mr. Mayor.

[1784?], [John] O'Keeffe, Songs, Duets, and Chorusses, in the New Musical Farce of Peeping Tom of Coventry. As Performed at the Theatre Royal, [London?]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 4:

But oh! ſhall I, Misfortune's bondman, ſpeak / Of pleaſures and delights, where ſorrows ſhriek! / Can plaintive nightingale, or turte-dove, / When vultures tear them, ſing or coo of love?

1784, Voltaire, “Memoirs of Voltaire. Written by Himself. Part the Third”, in Memoirs of the Life of Voltaire. Written by Himself. Translated from the French, Dublin: Printed for Messrs. Moncrieffe, Walker, Exshaw, Wilson, Jenkin, Burton, White, Byrne, Marchbank, Cash, and Heery, →OCLC, page 176:

The black-bird and the speckled thrush / Good-morrow gave from brake and brush; / In answer cooed the cushat dove, / Her notes of peace, and rest, and love.

1810, Walter Scott, “Canto III. The Gathering.”, in The Lady of the Lake; […], Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for John Ballantyne and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, and William Miller, →OCLC, stanza II, page 99:

Then did her soft breath stop and she lay still, her eyes yet open and smiling at the blossoms and the doves who sat upon the window-ledge and lowly cooed and cooed.

1896, Frances Hodgson Burnett, “The Doves Sat upon the Window-ledge and Lowly Cooed and Cooed”, in A Lady of Quality: Being a Most Curious, hitherto Unknown History, as Related by Mr. Isaac Bickerstaff but Not Presented to the World of Fashion through the Pages of The Tatler, and Now for the First Time Written Down, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner's Sons, →OCLC, page 360:

As Norah Jones coos sweet nothings on the soundtrack, the happy couple—played by Paul Rudd and Amy Poehler—canoodle through a Manhattan montage, making pasta for two, swimming through a pile of autumn leaves, and horsing around at a fruit stand.

2014 June 26, A. A Dowd, “Paul Rudd and Amy Poehler spoof rom-com clichés in They Came Together”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2017-11-27:

(transitive, intransitive) To make a soft murmuring sound, as a pigeon.


coo

onomatopoeic

Imitative

I stood outside the door for a space, letting "I dare not" wait upon "I would", as Jeeves tells me cats do in adages, then turned the handle softly, pushed – also softly – and, carrying on into the interior, found myself confronted by a girl in housemaid's costume who put a hand to her throat like somebody in a play and leaped several inches in the direction of the ceiling. "Coo!" she said, having returned to terra firma and taken aboard a spot of breath. "You gave me a start, sir!" […] "If you cast an eye on him, you will see that he's asleep now." "Coo! So he is."

1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter VII, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

The last track on each of the three sections is a professional course, where you can customise your bike by changing the tyres and the size of chainwheel. Coo!

1988 November, Sean Kelly, “Professional BMX Simulator [video game review]”, in Teresa Maughan, editor, Your Sinclair, number 35, London: Sportscene Specialist Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-05-14:

We want you to come up with a side splitting caption for a picture drawn by the fair hand of those at System 3. If you turn out to be the Funniest "Person", we'll give you a big wopping model of a dinosaur. Coo.

1989 November, “Competitions”, in Jim Douglas, editor, Sinclair User: The Independent Magazine for the Independent User, number 92, London: ECC Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-10-21:

Coo, I've only had four gallons of extra caffeine coffee today so I'm not my usual talking-to-PR-girlies-for-hours-on-end self. But bear with me a mo while I get myself together (audience waits for an age while he searches through his coat for the golden envelope). Here it is! Coo, and the winner is The NewZealand Story.

1990 April, “Crash Readers’ Awards Ceremony”, in Oliver Frey, editor, Crash: ZX Spectrum, number 75, [Ludlow, Shropshire]: Newsfield, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-06-25:

An expression of approval, fright, surprise, etc.


chuckle

en-verb

chuckle (third-person singular simple present chuckles, present participle chuckling, simple past and past participle chuckled)

chuckles (present singular third-person)
chuckling (participle present)
chuckled (participle past)
chuckled (past)

(intransitive, archaic) To make the sound of a chicken; to cluck.

if these Birds are within distance, here's that will chuckle 'em together

1690, [John] Dryden, Don Sebastian, King of Portugal: […], London: […] Jo. Hindmarsh, […], →OCLC, (please specify the page number):

(transitive, archaic) To call together, or call to follow, as a hen calls her chickens; to cluck.


kickback

en-noun

kickback (countable and uncountable, plural kickbacks)

(oil industry) A dangerous buildup of gas pressure at the wellhead.


shuffle

Originally the same word as scuffle, and properly a frequentative of shove.

(by extension, music) A rhythm commonly used in blues music. Consists of a series of triplet notes with the middle note missing, so that it sounds like a long note followed by a short note. Sounds like a walker dragging one foot.


fire brigade

/ˈfaɪə(ɹ)bɹɪˌɡeɪd/

(firefighting, US) A group of people within a corporation or industrial site, organized for the purpose of putting out fires, usually in addition to their normal job.

فِرْقَة مَطَافِئ

group within a corporation or industrial site

see also fire service

(firefighting, UK, Ireland) An organization, often part of a local government, whose purpose is preventing and putting out fires.

skuadër zjarrfikëse

organization for preventing and putting out fires

foyerwer

borrowed from German, Malmedy region, old


raucous

en-adj

raucous (comparative more raucous, superlative most raucous)

more raucous (comparative)
most raucous (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin raucus (“hoarse, husky, raucous”).

The new neighbors had a raucous party.


all-nighter

From all-night + -er = all- + night + -er.

That party was an all-nighter.

Something that lasts throughout the whole night.

(specifically) An instance of studying or working throughout the night without sleep.

(UK, crime, slang) A session with a prostitute covering the entire night.

(UK, crime, slang) A client of a prostitute who has paid for the entire night.

(US, crime, slang) A criminal or other person kept in jail over night.


ordo

Borrowed from Latin ōrdō. Doublet of order.

(music) A musical phrase constructed from one or more statements of one modal pattern and ending in a rest.


colorless

colorless (comparative more colorless, superlative most colorless)

more colorless (comparative)
most colorless (superlative)

The servant to whom he put this question was a young fellow with chubby cheeks, small, dull eyes, and a round chin, covered with a colorless down.

1867, Ivan Sergheïevitch Turgenef [i.e., Ivan Turgenev], chapter I, in Eugene Schuyler, transl., Fathers and Sons […], New York, N.Y.: Leypoldt and Holt, →OCLC, page 1:


all-night

Coordinate term: all-day

an all-night party

Spite of brown-stone trimmings, plate-glass and mosaic vestibule floors, the water does not rise in summer to the second story, while the beer flows unchecked to the all-night picnics on the roof.

1890, Jacob A[ugust] Riis, “The Awakening”, in How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 19:

The former G.E.R. all-night service between Liverpool Street and Chingford, at hourly intervals, is revived.

1961 January, “The North-East London electrification of the Great Eastern Line”, in Trains Illustrated, page 20:

Lasting throughout the whole night (or most of it)


fuscous

fuscous (comparative more fuscous, superlative most fuscous)

more fuscous (comparative)
most fuscous (superlative)

From Latin fusc(us) (“dark, dusky”) + -ous.

‘Fresh, fresh, fresh,’ one commented in deep bass on the departing soldier, and the other nodded assent, though in that cave of spoiled air and fuscous lamplight the word ‘fresh’ was misleading […].

1928, Edmund Blunden, Undertones of War, Penguin, published 2010, page 140:

Of a dark, brownish-grey color; dark-hued, dusky, swarthy.


bubblegum

en-noun

bubblegum (countable and uncountable, plural bubblegums)

(usually uncountable) A sweet chewing gum formulated to be stretchy so the chewer can blow bubbles with it.

Born in the small town of Rockwood, east Tennessee, Carter’s bubblegum sound and mini-bad boy image made him the definitive millennium child star.

2022 November 6, Emma Garland, “Aaron Carter was the millennium’s bubblegum bad boy – and the victim of a rapacious music industry”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(music, sometimes derogatory) A type of pop music marked by sweetness, pep and charm (rather than depth or complexity).

bubblegum:

(countable and uncountable) A light pink colour, like bubblegum.


bubblegum

(by extension) Sweet, perky, or youthful.


acid house

First appears c. 1988, in the periodical New Musical Express. Likely a reference to acid (“LSD, psychedelic drugs”), influenced by earlier acid rock. See Acid House § Etymology.

Coordinate term: (precursor) Hi-NRG

Acid House, this year's underground musical phenomenon, had finally made it into the living rooms of Britain. A nation, encountering for the first time a new music, fashion, and cultural phenomenon, flew into another drug-obsessed moral panic.

1989 January, Sean O'Hagan, “Acid House”, in SPIN, SPIN Media LLC, page 64:

(music) A style of music from the early rave scene in the UK.


isomerism

isomerism (countable and uncountable, plural isomerisms)

(physical chemistry) the phenomenon of the existence of isomers - the existence of different substances with the same molecular formulae

(chemistry) the interconversion of isomers

(nuclear physics) nuclear isomerism, the phenomenon of the existence of nuclear isomers.


preparation

preparation (countable and uncountable, plural preparations)

/pɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃən/

From Middle English preparacion, from Middle French preparacion, from Latin praeparatio, praeparationem.
Morphologically prepare + -ation

(music) Any of the objects placed between the strings of a prepared piano.

esine

music: object placed between strings of a piano

(music) The previous introduction, as an integral part of a chord, of a note continued into a succeeding dissonance.


fire hose

An fast-flowing unsupported flow of lava escaping from a solid rockface.


chatter

chatter (usually uncountable, plural chatters)

From Middle English chateren, from earlier cheteren, chiteren (“to twitter, chatter, jabber”), of imitative origin. Compare Saterland Frisian tjoaterje (“to chatter”), West Frisian tsjotterje (“to chatter”), Dutch schateren, schetteren (“chatter”), Dutch koeteren (“jabber”), Middle Low German kidderen (“to chatter”), German Low German queteln (“to chatter”), dialectal German kaudern (“to gobble (like a turkey)”), Danish kvidre (“to twitter, chirp”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

The NSA is concerned about increased chatter between known terror groups.

(uncountable) In national security, the degree of communication between suspect groups and individuals, used to gauge the degree of expected terrorist activity.

chattailu

degree of communication between suspects


chatter

en-verb

chatter (third-person singular simple present chatters, present participle chattering, simple past and past participle chattered)

chatters (present singular third-person)
chattering (participle present)
chattered (participle past)
chattered (past)

onomatopoeic

imitative

He was so cold that his teeth were chattering.

(intransitive, of teeth, machinery, etc.) To make a noise by rapid collisions.

The jay makes answer, as the magpie chatters with delight.

1815 [1802], William Wordsworth, Resolution and Independence:

Is your cat intently staring out the window at a bird on a branch and “chattering” in a kind of shaky, high-pitched, breathy way? If so, she is expressing excitement at what she's observing (or maybe the desire to attack what she sees as prey).

2016, David Meyer, Abbie Moore, Pia Salk, The Total Cat Manual, Weldon Owen International, →ISBN:

To utter sounds which somewhat resemble language, but are inarticulate and indistinct.

roezemoezen

to utter sounds that are largely inarticulate


chatter

During the chat sessions, two outreach team members would engage in a conversation about the topic chosen for that event in the main chat room and entice other chatters to join in.

2013, Michael K. Sullivan, Sexual Minorities, page 148:


tweet

Onomatopoeic of the sound made by a bird. Compare twitter. The social media senses evolved from earlier Twitter update, twit (noun), twitter (verb).

Every few seconds, a tweet appears and vanishes somewhere on the globe.

2007 April 22, Jason Pontin, “Twitter takes instant messaging to an extreme”, in International Herald-Tribune:

For example, as you edit a tweet in Twitter, the number of characters left is updated as you type.

2008, Wendy Chisholm, Matthew May, Universal Design for Web Applications:

A tweet can be received via SMS to your cell phone […]

2008, Chris Seibold, Big Book of Apple Hacks:

(social media) An entry posted on the microblogging service Twitter.


tweet

en-verb

tweet (third-person singular simple present tweets, present participle tweeting, simple past tweeted or (Internet, rare, humorous) twote, past participle tweeted or (Internet, rare, humorous) twoten)

tweets (present singular third-person)
tweeting (participle present)
tweeted (past)
twote (Internet humorous past rare)
tweeted (participle past)
twoten (Internet humorous participle past rare)

In Saudi Arabia, one of the most conservative societies, one online rebel has rocked the Islamic establishment with tweeted allegations of corruption within the ruling royal family.

2012 April 19, Josh Halliday, “Free speech haven or lawless cesspool – can the internet be civilised?”, in The Guardian:

Mr Trump tweeted: "Big day planned on national security tomorrow. Among many other things, we will build the wall!"

2017 January 25, “Donald Trump: 'We will build Mexico border wall'”, in BBC World Service, retrieved 2017-01-25:

First, an apology. Tweet in haste and repent at leisure. When I first heard about the idea, before I had properly examined it, I actually tweeted that this was [a] welcome 'innovation' from a state-controlled train operator.

2024 February 7, Christian Wolmar, “LNER's crazy idea will price more people off the railway”, in RAIL, number 1002, page 44:

(transitive, intransitive, social media) To post an update to Twitter.


ignite

ignite (third-person singular simple present ignites, present participle igniting, simple past and past participle ignited)

ignites (present singular third-person)
igniting (participle present)
ignited (participle past)
ignited (past)

From Latin ignītus, past participle of igniō, ignire (“to set on fire, ignite”), from Latin ignis (“fire”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥gʷnis, and thus related to Sanskrit अग्नि (agní), Lithuanian ugnis, and Russian ого́нь (ogónʹ).

(transitive) to set fire to (something), to light (something)

ignite curiosity

ignite someone's interest

Our observations on the way up had been mixed but the deep, crisp cold of the Peruvian night followed by a crystal clear dawn re-ignited our enthusiasm and sent us scampering across the frozen snow bowl […]

2005, Mick Fowler, On Thin Ice: Alpine Climbs in the Americas, Asia and the Himalaya:

(transitive) to spark off (something), to trigger

to ignite iron or platinum

(chemistry, transitive) To subject to the action of intense heat; to heat strongly; often said of incombustible or infusible substances.


pellucid

en-adj

pellucid (comparative more pellucid, superlative most pellucid)

more pellucid (comparative)
most pellucid (superlative)

The adjective is a learned borrowing from Latin pellūcidus, perlucidus (“transparent, pellucid; very bright; very understandable”), from per- (prefix meaning ‘through; throughout; completely, thoroughly’) + lūcidus (“clear; full of light, bright, shining; (figuratively) easily understood, clear, lucid”) (from lūceō (“to shine; to become visible, show through; (figuratively) to be apparent, conspicuous, or evident”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to see; to shine”)) + -idus (suffix meaning ‘tending to’ forming adjectives)).
The noun is derived from the adjective.
cognates
* Late Latin pellucidum (“transparent substance”)
* Middle French pellucide (modern French pellucide (“pellucid”))

cog

Blood to the naked Eye appears all red; but by a good Microſcope, vvherein its leſſer parts appear, ſhevvs only ſome fevv Globules of Red, ſvvimming in a pellucid Liquor; and hovv theſe Globules vvould appear, if Glaſſes could be found, that yet could magnifie them 1000, or 10000 times more, is uncertain.

1689 (indicated as 1690), [John Locke], “Of Our Complex Ideas of Substances”, in An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. […], London: […] Eliz[abeth] Holt, for Thomas Basset, […], →OCLC, book II, § 11, page 140:

This Cryſtal is a pellucid fiſſile Stone, clear as VVater or Cryſtal of the Rock, and vvithout Colour; enduring a red Heat vvithout loſing its tranſparency, and in a very ſtrong Heat calcining vvithout Fuſion.

a. 1728 (date written), Isaac Newton, “[The Third Book of Opticks.] [Qu[estion] 25. Are there not other original Properties of the Rays of Light, besides those already described?]”, in Opticks: Or, A Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections and Colours of Light. […], 4th edition, London: […] William Innys […], published 1730, →OCLC, page 329:

As a stream, clear and bright, becomes foul with weeds, and stagnates by its distant meanderings from its pure and pellucid source,—so the active imagination, the capacious intellect of Douglas, those high and valuable endowments, had, by an undue use of them, been perverted.

1838, [Letitia Elizabeth] Landon (indicated as editor), Duty and Inclination: […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 308–309:

The sea was shining like a sheet of glass, […] and the bright sea-weeds and the brilliant corals shone in the depths of that pellucid water, as we rowed over it, like rare and precious gems.

1857, Robert Michael Ballantyne, chapter XVI, in The Coral Island: A Tale of the Pacific Ocean, Boston, Mass.: Phillips, Sampson, and Company, published 1859, →OCLC, page 147:

You cannot think what figs / My teeth have met in, / What melons icy-cold / Piled on a dish of gold / Too huge for me to hold, / What peaches with a velvet nap, / Pellucid grapes without one seed: […]

1862, Christina Rossetti, “Goblin Market”, in Goblin Market and Other Poems, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, London: Macmillan & Co., […], →OCLC, page 10:

The thick vegetation met overhead, interlacing into a natural pergola, and through this tunnel of verdure in a golden twilight flowed the green, pellucid river, beautiful in itself, but marvelous from the strange tints thrown by the vivid light from above filtered and tempered in its fall.

1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, “‘The Outlying Pickets of the New World’”, in The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC, pages 119–120:

Most of the pool was quite shallow, but under the cliff where the beach was hollowed out it was four or five feet deep. It was to this part that a swimmer would naturally go, for it formed a beautiful pellucid green pool as clear as crystal.

1926 November 27, Arthur Conan Doyle, “The Adventure of the Lion’s Mane”, in The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes, London: John Murray, […], published June 1927 (May 1952 printing), →OCLC, page 254:

Allowing the passage of light; translucent or transparent.

прозрачен

allowing the passage of light — see also translucent, transparent

Written in spare, pellucid prose, the book reads like a close-to-the-bone memoir.

1994 November 13, Fritz Lanham, The Houston Chronicle, Houston, Tex.: Houston Chronicle Pub. Co., →ISSN, →OCLC:

[Y]ou never receive me apart from the grammar that establishes my availability to you. If I treat that grammar as pellucid, then I fail to call attention precisely to that sphere of language that establishes and disestablishes intelligibility, and that would be precisely to thwart my own project as I have described it to you here.

1999, Judith Butler, “Preface (1999)”, in Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, New York, N.Y., Abingdon, Oxon., published 2015, →ISBN, page xxvi:

(figuratively)
Easily understood; clear.

(archaic) Easily recognized or seen through; apparent, obvious.


pellucid

A Pellucid is not ſeen, but percieved^([sic]) by the privation of Colour. So vve ſee not Air in Air, VVater in VVater, Glaſs in Glaſs, and every Pellucid in an equal Pellucid; and becauſe vve knovv they are not coloured, vve count them to be diaphanous, viz. that may be ſeen, or ſhone thorough.

1729, [Johann Jacob Hainlin], “Of the Vision of Pellucidity or Shining through”, in Venterus Mandey, transl., Synopsis Mathematica Universalis: Or, A Brief System of Mathematics, […], [3rd] edition, London: […] A. Ward, […], →OCLC, paragraph 1, page 686:

The true Aſtroites, vvhich in the ſun-ſhine throvvs out a briſk light radiating from one certain point, belongs to the claſs of Pellucids.

[1735?], Herman Boerhaave, “Being a Delineation of the Theory. [Of Stones.]”, in [anonymous], transl., Elements of Chemistry. Being the Annual Lectures of Hermann Boerhaave, M.D. […], volume I, London: […] J. Clarke […], and S. Austen […]; and sold by J. Roberts […], →OCLC, page 33:

(obsolete, rare) Something which allows the passage of light; a translucent or transparent object.


Britpop

A British alternative rock movement from the mid-1990s, characterised by influences from the 1960s and 1970s, catchy hooks, the glamour of earlier pop stardom, and the sense of creating a soundtrack to the lives of a new generation of British youth.


fretboard

(music) A fret or plate put over the neck of musical instruments or its fingerboard, to create a different sound of notes.

bundiertes Griffbrett

a board on the neck of stringed instruments used to shorten or lengthen strings to create different sound of notes. — see also fingerboard


sonorous

en-adj

sonorous (comparative more sonorous, superlative most sonorous)

more sonorous (comparative)
most sonorous (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin sonōrus, from sonor (“sound”), early 17th century.

The highlight of the hike was the sonorous cave, which produced a ringing echo from the hiker’s shouts.

The Oath is redacted ; pronounced aloud by President Bailly, — and indeed in such a sonorous tone, that the cloud of witnesses, even outdoors, hear it, and bellow response to it.

1837, Thomas Carlyle, “Mercury de Breze”, in Henry Duff Traill, editor, The French Revolution, a History, the Bastille, volume 2, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, The Third Estate, page 162:

Capable of giving out a deep, resonant sound.

звучен

capable of giving out a deep resonant sound

He was selected to give the opening speech thanks to his imposing, sonorous voice.

For this reason the Italian opera seldom sinks into a poorness of language, but, amidst all the meanness and familiarity of the thoughts, has something beautiful and sonorous in the expression.

1761, Joseph Addison, The Works of the Late Right Honorable Joseph Addison, Esq., Birmingham: John Baskerville for J. and R. Tonson, →OCLC, pages 32–33:

There is nothing of the artificial Johnsonian balance in his style. It is as often marked by a pregnant brevity as by a sonorous amplitude.

1859 July 25, Edward Everett, “Rufus Choate. Tributes to the Memory of the Hon. Rufus Choate”, in The New York Times, page 2:

When the right-away was given, Driver Gibson would give a sonorous blast on Cardean's deep-toned hooter, and amid a flurry of swirling steam the train would move majestically out, with nearly half the city of Carlisle—or so it would appear—as onlookers on the platform.

1945 May and June, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 152:

Full of sound and rich, as in language or verse.

звънък

full of sound and rich, as in language or verse


air guitar

I was embarrassed when my girlfriend walked in on my friends and me playing air guitar.

An imaginary guitar that a listener to (usually rock) music pretends to play.

luchtgitaar

imaginary guitar that a person pretends to play


sone

(acoustics) a subjective unit of loudness for an average listener equal to the loudness of a 1000-hertz sound that has an intensity 40 decibels above the listener's own threshold of hearing


singing

en-noun

singing (usually uncountable, plural singings)

From Middle English syngyng; equivalent to sing + -ing.

(US) A gathering for the purpose of singing shape note songs.


singing

en-adj

singing (comparative more singing, superlative most singing)

more singing (comparative)
most singing (superlative)


dextrorotatory

Dexibuprofen is the active dextrorotatory enantiomer of ibuprofen.

(chemistry, of an optically active compound or crystal) That rotates the plane of polarized light to the right, or clockwise. Notation: (+) or formerly lowercase d-.

dekstrorotatorinen

that rotates the plane of polarized light to the right


levorotatory

Levofloxacin is the levorotatory enantiomer of the medication ofloxacin.

(chemistry) (of an optically active compound or crystal) That rotates the plane of polarized light to the left, or counter-clockwise. Notation: (−) or formerly lowercase l-.

lévogyre

that rotates the plane of polarized light to the left


heliocentrism

Shortened from heliocentricism, from heliocentric + -ism, from Ancient Greek ἥλῐος (hḗlios, “sun”) + κέντρον (kéntron, “centre”), equivalent to helio- + -centrism.

You would think the practitioners of the dismal science of economics would look at their demand curves and the data on incomes and taxes and pronounce a verdict, the way Galileo and Copernicus did when they showed that geocentrism was a fantasy because the Earth revolves around the sun (known as heliocentrism).

2012, David Cay Johnston, chapter 16, in Dean Starkman, Felix Salmon, Martha M. Hamilton, Ryan Chittum, editors, The Best Business Writing 2012, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 191:

Heliocentrism is not yet universally known or accepted. In a 1999 poll, 18 of Americans said that the sun revolves around the Earth, while 79 percent said Earth revolves around the sun.

2014, Rebecca Stefoff, chapter 4, in Andrew Coddington, Cynthia Roby, Peter Mavrikis, editors, The Sun and the Earth, 1st edition, New York: Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC, →ISBN, page 34:

(informal) The phenomenon of the Earth revolving around the Sun.


sunshine

en-noun

sunshine (usually uncountable, plural sunshines)

In the Coverdale Bible in 1535, in Genesis and Exodus about 1250 as Middle English sunnesine; synchronically sun + shine. Compare isolated Old English sunsċīn (“mirror”).

We were warmed by the bright sunshine.

Oft tymes a thinge doth floꝛiſh, and men thynke that it maye abyde the Sonneſhyne: it ſhuteth foꝛth the bꝛaunches in his garden, it taketh many rotes, in ſo moch that it is like an houſe off ſtones.

1535 October 14 (Gregorian calendar), Myles Coverdale, transl., Biblia: The Byble, […] (Coverdale Bible), [Cologne or Marburg]: [Eucharius Cervicornus and Johannes Soter?], →OCLC, Job viij:[16–17], folio iij, verso, column 1:

And all the ſhrubs, vvith ſparkling ſpangles, ſhevv / Like Morning-Sun-ſhine tinsilling the devv.

1648, Robert Herrick, “The Apparition of His Mistresse Calling Him to Elizium”, in Hesperides: Or, The Works both Humane & Divine […], London: […] John Williams, and Francis Eglesfield, and are to be sold by Tho[mas] Hunt, […], →OCLC, page 240:

Sunshine, everybody loves the sunshine / Sunshine, folks get down in the sunshine / Sunshine, folks get brown in the sunshine

1976, “Everybody Loves the Sunshine”, performed by Roy Ayers Ubiquity:

The direct rays, light or warmth of the sun.

OK, sunshine, listen up and listen good. There's five vandalised telephone boxes out there and I know you're responsible.

(UK, Ireland) Ironic form of address used to an inferior or troublemaker.


sampling

electronic dance music
electronic dance music

(music) Electronically splicing pieces of previously recorded sound as part of a composition, especially as part of hip-hop or electronic dance music.

samplaus

technique for electronically splicing pieces of previously recorded sound as part of a composition


garage

garage (countable and uncountable, plural garages)

→ Assamese: গেৰেজ (gerez)

→ Bengali: গ্যারেজ (gêrej)

→ Hindi: गेराज (gerāj)

→ Irish: garáiste

→ Japanese: ガレージ, グラージ

→ Malay: garaj

→ Scottish Gaelic: garaids

→ Sinhalese: ගරාජ් (garāj)

→ Urdu: گیراج (gerāj)

/ˈɡæ.ɹɑː(d)ʒ/

Borrowed from French garage (“keeping under cover, protection, shelter”), derivative of French garer (“to keep under cover, dock, shunt, guard, keep”), from Middle French garer, garrer, guerrer; partly from Old French garir, warir (from Old Frankish *warjan); and partly from Old French varer (“to fight, defend oneself, protect”), from Old Norse varask (“to defend oneself”), reflexive of vara (“to ware, watch out, defend”); both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *warjaną (“to defend, ward off”), *warōną (“to watch, protect”), from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to close, cover, protect, save, defend”).

der

(attributive, music) A type of guitar rock music, personified by amateur bands playing in the basement or garage; garage rock.

(British, music) A type of electronic dance music related to house music, with warped and time-stretched sounds; UK garage.


slur

From Middle English sloor (“thin or fluid mud”). Cognate with Middle Low German sluren (“to trail in mud”). Also related to dialectal Norwegian sløra (“to be careless, to scamp, dawdle”), Danish sløre (“to wobble, be loose”) (especially for wheels); compare Old Norse slóðra (“to drag oneself along”).
* (an extremely offensive term): Influenced by various compounds of sense 1 such as racial slur, ethnic slur, etc.

cog

(music) A set of notes that are played legato, without separate articulation.

(music) The symbol indicating a legato passage, written as an arc over the slurred notes (not to be confused with a tie).


slur

en-verb

slur (third-person singular simple present slurs, present participle slurring, simple past and past participle slurred)

slurs (present singular third-person)
slurring (participle present)
slurred (participle past)
slurred (past)

Notes , the stems of which are joined together by cross lines, as in united quavers , semiquavers , & c . or notes over the heads of which a curve is drawn, to signify that they are to be slurred

1817, Thomas Busby, A Dictionary of Music, Theoretical and Practical:

(music) To play legato or without separate articulation; to connect (notes) smoothly.


bugle

→ French: bugle

From Middle English bugle, from Anglo-Norman and Old French bugle, from Latin buculus (“young bull; ox; steer”).

(music) A simple brass instrument consisting of a horn with no valves, playing only pitches in its harmonic series


bottleneck

The narrow portion that forms the pouring spout of a bottle; the neck of a bottle.

(music) A portion of a bottleneck placed on the finger and used as a guitar slide.


medley

From Middle English medle, from Anglo-Norman medlee, Old French medlee, from the feminine past participle of early Medieval Latin misculō (“to mix”). Compare meddle. Doublet of melee.

They played a medley of favorite folk songs as an encore.

(music) A collection of related songs played or mixed together as a single piece.


medley

medley (third-person singular simple present medleys, present participle medleying, simple past and past participle medleyed)

medleys (present singular third-person)
medleying (participle present)
medleyed (participle past)
medleyed (past)


photosynthesis

en-noun

photosynthesis (usually uncountable, plural photosyntheses)

[ˌfəʊ.tʰəʊ.ˈsɪn̪.θə.sɪs]

ışık yardımı ile besin biriktirme süreci

Oxygen levels on Earth skyrocketed 2.4 billion years ago, when cyanobacteria evolved photosynthesis: the ability to convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and waste oxygen using solar energy.

2013 September-October, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist:

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) Any process by which plants and other photoautotrophs convert light energy into chemical energy.

principally, oxygenic photosynthesis, any process by which plants and algae convert water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and waste oxygen using solar energy.

also, non-oxygenic photosynthesis, used by purple and green bacteria, heliobacteria, and acidobacteria.


grumble

Probably from Middle French grommeler, from Old French grumeler (“to murmur, grumble”), from Middle Dutch *grommelen ("to murmur, mutter, grunt"; > Modern Dutch grommelen (“to grumble”)), frequentative of Middle Dutch grommen (“to growl, grunt”). Cognate with Middle Low German grummelen (> Low German grummeln (“to grumble”)), German grummeln (“to grumble”), Norwegian dialectal grymja (“to growl, grunt”).

gloss

"to murmur, mutter, grunt"; > Modern Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">grommelen</i> (“to grumble”)

der

(onomatopoeia) A low thundering, rumbling or growling sound.

тътен

a low thundering, rumbling or growling sound


grumble

en-verb

grumble (third-person singular simple present grumbles, present participle grumbling, simple past and past participle grumbled)

grumbles (present singular third-person)
grumbling (participle present)
grumbled (participle past)
grumbled (past)

The distant thunder grumbles.

It made his stomach grumble in protest to think the mule was eating, and here he was worrying about her with an empty belly of his own.

1995, Terry C. Johnston, Dance on the Wind, page 15:

(intransitive) To make a low, growling or rumbling noise, like a hungry stomach or certain animals.

shfryj

to make a low growling or rumbling animal noise

куркам

to make a low growling or rumbling stomach noise

He grumbles about the food constantly, but has yet to learn to cook.

(intransitive) To complain; to murmur or mutter with discontent; to make ill-natured complaints in a low voice and a surly manner.

He grumbled that there was no grain "in the country" and that people were talking instead of working to provide it.

2001, Harry Willcox Pfanz, Gettysburg — the first day:

(transitive) To utter in a grumbling fashion.


transcribe

transcribe (third-person singular simple present transcribes, present participle transcribing, simple past and past participle transcribed)

transcribes (present singular third-person)
transcribing (participle present)
transcribed (participle past)
transcribed (past)

Learned borrowing from Latin trānscrībere (“to write again in another place, transcribe, copy”).

lbor

(music) To adapt a composition for a voice or instrument other than the original; to notate live or recorded music.


electric guitar

en-noun

electric guitar (plural electric guitars)

/ə.ˈlɛk.tɹɪk ɡɪ.ˈtɑːɹ/

He's playing the electric guitar and she's playing the drums!

A guitar which requires electronic amplification to produce sufficient sound.


scroll

From Middle English scrowle, scrolle, from earlier scrowe, scrouwe (influenced by Middle English rolle), from Old French escroe, escrowe, escrouwe (“scroll, strip of parchment”), from Frankish *skrōda (“a shred”), from Proto-Germanic *skraudō, from *skrew- (“to cut; cutting tool”), extension of *(s)ker- (“to cut”). Doublet of shred and escrow.

(lutherie) The carved end of a violin, viola, cello or other stringed instrument, most commonly scroll-shaped but occasionally in the form of a human or animal head.


theremin

/ˈθɛə.ɹəˌmɪn/

/ˈθɛ.ɹɪ.mɪn/

Named after Russian inventor Léon Theremin (1896–1993). Theremin is a French version of his Russian name, Ле́в Терме́н (Lév Termén).

named-after

An electronic musical instrument that generates sound of varying pitch and volume depending on the proximity of the musician’s hands to two antennae mounted on the instrument.


beta particle

(physics) An energetic electron or positron produced as the result of a nuclear reaction or nuclear decay.


photovoltaic effect

electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic radiation

(physics) the conversion of electromagnetic radiation into electric power through absorption by a semiconducting material

valosähköilmiö

conversion of radiation into electricity


tonal

en-adj

tonal (comparative more tonal, superlative most tonal)

more tonal (comparative)
most tonal (superlative)

(music) Employing tones that have a predictable relationship to some tonic.

tonaalinen

employing tones that have a predictable relationship to some tonic


sambuca

From Latin sambūca, from Ancient Greek σαμβύκη (sambúkē), ultimately from Aramaic סַבְּכָא (sabbəḵā).

Cymbals, trumpets and organs (familiar Old Testament vocabulary) appear conventionally enough as cymballe, trwmpedau and organau, but the more obscure psaltria, trigona, and sambucae (psalteries, trigons and sambucae: three types of Greek harp) become psalteris, kornets, shalmes, [a] dulcimus in translation (Chapter Six, paragraph 7); cornets and shawns are, of course, wind instruments.

2007, Sally Harper, “Part III: Welsh Music in an English Milieu c.1550–1650”, “19. A Welsh Translation of John Case’s Apologia Musices”, in Music in Welsh Culture Before 1650: A Study of the Principal Sources, Routledge, published 2016, →ISBN, page 334:

(music) An ancient form of triangular harp having a very sharp, shrill tone.

סַבְּכָא

ancient triangular harp having a sharp, shrill tone


amaranth

en-noun

amaranth (countable and uncountable, plural amaranths)

Borrowed from French amarante, or directly from its etymon Latin amarantus (the word ending influenced by plant names derived from Ancient Greek ἄνθος (ánthos, “a bloom, blossom, flower”)), from Ancient Greek ἀμάραντος (amárantos, “eternal, undying, unfading, unwilting; amaranth; everlasting flower”) (modern Greek αμάραντος (amárantos)), from ᾰ̓- (a-, the alpha privativum, a prefix forming words having a sense opposite to the word or stem to which it is attached) + μαραίνω (maraínō, “to shrivel, wither”) + -τος (-tos, suffix forming adjectives).

edible amaranth

Chinese amaranth, Ganges amaranth, willow-leaf amaranth; Amaranthus tricolor

Amaranth, the most common red food colour in both the US and UK, was banned last week in the US after a study suggested that it caused cancer in rats. […] The situation is confused, however, because the test rats were mixed up with the controls in the US tests, and because some tests have indicated hazards while similar tests show the dye to be safe. In April 1975, the joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) gave amaranth temporary approval through 1978.

1976 January 29, “US Bans Commonest Red Food Colour”, in Bernard Dixon, editor, New Scientist, volume 69, number 985, London: New Science Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 234, column 1:

Amaranth is a red azo-dye with the chemical name trisodium 2-hydroxyl-1-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo)naphthalene-3,6-disulfonate […]. Amaranth appears to be relatively unstable in solution and in processed food. Biscuits containing Amaranth showed a loss of 39–45% promoted by the use of baking soda, sucrose, and dextrose. The degradation of Amaranth may lead to the presence of naphthenic acid equivalent to the loss of Amaranth.

2015, J. König, “Food Colour Additives of Synthetic Origin”, in Michael J. Scotter, editor, Colour Additives for Foods and Beverages (Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition; no. 279), Amsterdam: Elsevier; Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Woodhead Publishing, →ISBN, part 1 (Development and Regulatory Issues for Food Colourings), section 2.2.4 (Amaranth), page 41:

(organic chemistry) A red to purple azo dye used as a biological stain, and in some countries in cosmetics and as a food colouring. See Amaranth (dye).


bass guitar

/ˈbeɪsɡɪˈtɑːɹ/

A long-necked and solid-bodied stringed instrument (chordophone), tuned to produce bass or low notes, usually with a fretted fingerboard and four thick strings, and requiring the use of an amplifier.


pyromania

en-noun

pyromania (usually uncountable, plural pyromanias)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pyromania.wav

/ˌpaɪɹə(ʊ)ˈmeɪnɪə/

(psychology) A compulsive disorder characterized by obsession with fire or uncontrollable urges to start fires.


sample

From Middle English saumple, sample, from Old French essample (“example”), from Latin exemplum. Doublet of example and exemplum.

Jeffrey conceives a fascination with nightclub singer Dorothy Vallens (Isabella Rossellini) who sings Blue Velvet, while her abusive, misogynist sugar-daddy Frank (Dennis Hopper) watches, caressing a sample of this same material.

2016 December 1, Peter Bradshaw, “Blue Velvet review – still inventive, sexy and bizarre”, in The Guardian:

(music) Gratuitous borrowing of easily recognised phases (or moments) from other music (or movies) in a recording.


sample

en-verb

sample (third-person singular simple present samples, present participle sampling, simple past and past participle sampled)

samples (present singular third-person)
sampling (participle present)
sampled (participle past)
sampled (past)

To address this novel legal quandary, one legal treatise on copyright has developed the concept of fragmented literal similarity, a method of determining whether a sample-based work is substantially similar to the source it sampled. The name reflects the exactness of the similarity between the snippet of a track that is sampled and the sampled copy of that snippet.

2011, Kembrew McLeod, Peter DiCola, Creative License: The Law and Culture of Digital Sampling, →ISBN, page 130:

(music, transitive) To reuse a portion of (an existing sound recording) in a new piece of music.

sämplätä

music: to reuse a portion of an existing recording


primo

Borrowed from Italian primo (“first”). Doublet of prime and primus.


glare

en-noun

glare (countable and uncountable, plural glares)

From Middle English glaren, from Old English glærian, from Proto-West Germanic *glāʀōn. Cognate with dialectal Middle Dutch glariën (“to glisten; sparkle”), Low German glaren (“to shine brightly; glow; burn”), Middle High German glaren (“to shine brightly”). Related to glower, glass.

cog

the frame of burnished steel that cast a glare

1700, [John] Dryden, “Palamon and Arcite: Or, The Knight’s Tale. In Three Books.”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

(uncountable) An intense, blinding light.


glare

en-verb

glare (third-person singular simple present glares, present participle glaring, simple past and past participle glared)

glares (present singular third-person)
glaring (participle present)
glared (participle past)
glared (past)

Every eye glared lightning, and shot forth pernicious fire.

1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

(transitive) To shoot out, or emit, as a dazzling light.

loistaa

to shoot out, or emit, as a dazzling light


fire company

(firefighting, US) An organization whose purpose is to extinguish fires.

brannvesen

an organization whose purpose is to extinguish fires

(firefighting, US) A single emergency response unit and its personnel within a fire department


transcription

en-noun

transcription (countable and uncountable, plural transcriptions)

From Middle French transcription, or directly from Latin transcriptiōnem, from trānscrībō (“transcribe”).

These frame tale interludes frequently include transcriptions of Italian folk songs.

In other words, the adantino was written first as an independent piece; it is, moreover, hardly more than an elaborated transcription of the little song, ‘Im Herbste’, written in 1828, with its two exactly similar strophes (each only five bars long) and four-bar piano epilogue.

2013, Gerald Abraham, Slavonic and Romantic Music: Essays and Studies, Faber & Faber, →ISBN:

Something that has been transcribed, including:


perse

perse (countable and uncountable, plural perses)

From Middle English pers, from Old French, from Medieval Latin persus, back-formed from Persicus (“Persian”), from Ancient Greek Περσικός (Persikós).

A very dark (almost black) purple or blue-gray colour.


perse

Very dark greyish (almost blackish) purple or blue.


perse

en-verb

perse (third-person singular simple present perses, present participle persing, simple past and past participle persed or perst)

perses (present singular third-person)
persing (participle present)
persed (participle past)
persed (past)
perst (participle past)
perst (past)


nuclear reaction

en-noun

nuclear reaction (plural nuclear reactions)

A process such as the fission of an atomic nucleus, or the fusion of one or more atomic nuclei and/or subatomic particles in which the number of protons and/or neutrons in a nucleus changes; the reaction products may contain a different element or a different isotope of the same element.


shrill

en-adj

shrill (comparative shriller, superlative shrillest)

shriller (comparative)
shrillest (superlative)

From Late Middle English schrille, shirle, shrille (“of a sound: high-pitched, piercing; producing such a sound”), possibly from the earlier shil, schille (“loud, resounding; high-pitched, shrill; audible, clear; melodious, sweet-sounding”), from Old English scill (“sonorous sounding”), of Germanic origin. The r in the word was introduced by analogy to Middle English skrīke, skrīken, scrēmen, possibly to avoid confusion with non-Anglian forms of schelle (modern English shell) where Old English scill (“sonorous sounding”) and scill (“shell”) existed.
The word is cognate with Icelandic skella (“crash, bang, slam”), Low German schrell (“sharp in taste or tone”).

cog

The woods rang with shrill cries of the birds.

Suppoſe, that you haue ſeene / The well-appointed King at Douer Peer, / Embarke his Royaltie: and his braue Fleet, / With ſilken Streamers, the young Phebus fayning; / [...] Heare the ſhrill Whiſtle, which doth order giue / To ſounds confus'd.

1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, prologue], page 77, column 1:

Let winds be shrill, let waves roll high, / I fear not wave nor wind; / Yet marvel not, Sir Childe, that I / Am sorrowful in mind; [...]

1812, Lord Byron, “Canto I”, in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. A Romaunt, London: Printed for John Murray, […]; William Blackwood, Edinburgh; and John Cumming, Dublin; by Thomas Davison, […], →OCLC, stanza XIII.4, page 11:

But I discovered no trace of him, and was beginning to conjecture that some fortunate chance had intervened to prevent the execution of his menaces; when suddenly I heard a shrill and dreadful scream.

1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter VI, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume III, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 118:

The clerk had, I'm afraid, a shrew of a wife, shrill, vehement, and fluent.

1863, J[oseph] Sheridan Le Fanu, “In which Mr. Dangerfield Visits the Church of Chapelizod, and Zekiel Irons Goes A-fishing”, in The House by the Church-yard [...] In Three Volumes, London: Tinsley, Brothers, […], →OCLC; republished as The House by the Church-yard: A Novel … Three Volumes in One, New York, N.Y.: Carleton, publisher, […] ; London: Tinsley & Co., 1866, →OCLC, page 115:

(figuratively, derogatory, especially of a complaint or demand) Fierce, loud, strident.

ostrý

especially of a complaint or demand: fierce, loud, strident


shrill

[W]hen at laſt / I heard a voyce, which loudly to me called, / That with ſuddein ſhrill I was appalled.

1591, Ed[mund] Sp[enser], “The Ruines of Time”, in Complaints. Containing Sundrie Small Poemes of the Worlds Vanitie. […], London: […] William Ponsonbie, […], →OCLC, part 6:

The shrill of the whistle from the locomotive “Charlestown” announced the arrival of the first train into Fitchburg on 5 March 1845— [...]

2015, Cliff[ord J.] Schexnayder, Builders of the Hoosac Tunnel, Portsmouth, N.H.: Peter E. Randall, →ISBN:

Sonographic example of two consecutive loud shrills of a common marmoset, showing sound frequencies of harmonics reaching into the ultrasonic range.

2018, Jaco Bakker, Johannes A. M. Langermans, “Ultrasonic Components of Vocalizations in Marmosets”, in Stefan M. Brudzynski, editor, Handbook of Ultrasonic Vocalization: A Window into the Emotional Brain (Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience; 25), London, San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press, →ISBN, part L (Ultrasonic Vocalization in Other Vertebrate Taxa), figure 49.1 caption, page 539, column 2:


realize

en-verb

realize (third-person singular simple present realizes, present participle realizing, simple past and past participle realized)

realizes (present singular third-person)
realizing (participle present)
realized (participle past)
realized (past)
realize (infinitive)

desc

→ Portuguese: realizar (“to realize, become aware of”) (semantic loan)

PIE word
 *reh₁ís
From real (adjective) + -ize (suffix denoting the making of what is indicated by the word it is attached to), possibly modelled after French réaliser, Middle French réaliser (“to make real; to convert (something) into assets or cash”), from real (“actual, real”) + -iser (suffix denoting the making of what is indicated by the word it is attached to). Real is derived from Old French reel, from Latin reālis (“actual, real”), from rēs (“deed; event; matter; thing”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁ís (“goods; wealth”)) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship).

أَدْرَكَ

(transitive) to become aware of or understand (a fact or situation); (intransitive) to become aware of or understand a fact or situation

tehdä todeksi

(transitive) to cause (something) to seem real; to present (something) clearly to the mind, a person, etc., so that it seems real; (intransitive) to cause to seem real

بَاعَ

(transitive) to convert (an asset or property) into a more easily usable form such as money, especially by selling the asset or property; (intransitive) to convert an asset or property into a more easily usable form such as money

To arrange (a musical work written for a single performer) to be performed by an orchestra; to orchestrate.

To complete (a musical work which is incomplete or not fully notated).

saattaa loppuun

to complete (a musical work which is incomplete or not fully notated)

Chiefly in Baroque music: to play an accompaniment, harmonies, etc., based on (a figured bass).


note value

(music) A musical notation that indicates the relative duration of a note, using the color or shape of the note head, the presence or absence of a stem, and the presence of flags.


musical bow

(music) A simple musical instrument consisting of a string supported by a flexible wooden bearer.


flugelhorn

Borrowed from German Flügelhorn, from Flügel (“wing, flank”) + horn.

A flugelhorn may be furnished in lieu of the Eb trumpet, a euphonium in lieu of one alto, one Eb alto saxophone, and one Eb baritone saxophone in lieu of two coronets...

1900, Daniel E. McCarthy, Manual of Instructions for Quartermasters Serving in the Field:

A brass instrument resembling a cornet but with a wider, conical bore, and usually with three valves, in the same B-flat pitch as many trumpets and cornets but with a more deeply conical mouthpiece than those. A bugle with valves.


modulate

en-verb

modulate (third-person singular simple present modulates, present participle modulating, simple past and past participle modulated)

modulates (present singular third-person)
modulating (participle present)
modulated (participle past)
modulated (past)

From Latin modulatus, past participle of modulari (“to measure, regulate, modulate”), from modulus (“measure”); see modulus. Compare module. By surface analysis, modul(e) + -ate.

(transitive) To regulate, adjust or adapt

(intransitive, music) to move from one key or tonality to another, especially by using a chord progression

轉調

to move from one key to another (intransitive)


transactinide

(chemistry, physics) Lying beyond lawrencium (the last actinide) in the periodic table; having an atomic number greater than 103.


paraffin

en-noun

paraffin (countable and uncountable, plural paraffins)

From Latin paraffinum, from parum (too little) + affinis (related, affinity). Therefore low affinity or being chemically neutral.

She poured paraffin on the dry floors and on the pandanus-mats, and then she set fire.

1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “chapter 57”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:

(UK, Ireland) A petroleum-based thin and colourless fuel oil.

(petrochemistry, organic chemistry) Any member of the alkane hydrocarbons.


acoustic guitar

acoustic guitar (plural acoustic guitars)

Retronym for guitar, coined after the invention of the electric guitar to refer to the older type of guitar and avoid confusion with the electric guitar.

He was playing the acoustic guitar while his girlfriend was on the drums.

A hollow-body guitar of the older variety, in contradistinction to an electric guitar.


transuranic

Of an element: lying beyond uranium in the periodic table; having an atomic number greater than 92.

transurànic

element with atomic number greater than 92


actinide

(chemistry) Any of the 15 radioactive elements of the periodic table from actinium to lawrencium that are positioned under the lanthanides, to which they have similar chemistry.

(chemistry) Any of the 14 elements from actinium to nobelium (lawrencium is excluded by some authors as it is a d-block rather than an f-block element).

(chemistry) (dated) Any of the 14 elements from thorium to lawrencium (actinium having been mistakenly excluded because it was thought to be a d-block element in the past).


master of ceremonies

master of ceremonies (plural masters of ceremonies)


clarinet

/ˌklæɹɪˈnɛt/

/ˌklɛɹɪˈnɛt/

Borrowed from Italian clarinetto, diminutive of clarino (“trumpet”) (as the first clarinets had a strident tone similar to that of a trumpet), from Latin clarus.
Alternatively, the word may come from French clarinette, diminutive form of clarine (“bell”), from clarin, from clair (“clear”), from Latin clarus.

(music) A woodwind musical instrument that has a distinctive liquid tone whose characteristics vary among its three registers: chalumeau (low), clarion (medium), and altissimo (high).


thwack

en-verb

thwack (third-person singular simple present thwacks, present participle thwacking, simple past and past participle thwacked)

thwacks (present singular third-person)
thwacking (participle present)
thwacked (participle past)
thwacked (past)
thwack (infinitive)

The verb is probably:
* partly onomatopoeic, from the sound of something being beaten (compare whack); and
* partly derived from Late Middle English twakken, twake (“to hit (someone) with something; to pat; to stroke”), probably from Middle English thakken, thakke (“to dab; to pat; to stroke”) [and other forms] (whence thack (obsolete except Britain, dialectal)), from Old English þaccian (“to beat; to pat; to touch softly, stroke; to strike gently, clap, tap”), from Proto-West Germanic *þakkōn, from Proto-Germanic *þakwōną (“to pat; to tap; to touch”), from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂g- (“to grasp with the hand; to touch”). Doublet of tangent.
The noun and interjection are derived from the verb.
cognates
* Latin tangō (“touch”)
* Old Dutch þakolōn (“to stroke”)
* Old Norse þykkr (“a blow, thump, thwack”) (Icelandic þjaka, þjökka (“to beat, thump, thwack”); Norwegian tjåka (“to strike, beat”))

cog

This carter thwacketh his horse upon the croup, / And they began to drawen and to stoop.

[1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Friar’s Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales (in Middle English), [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; Charles Cowden Clarke, editor, The Canterbury Tales of Chaucer. […], 2nd edition, volume II, Edinburgh: James Nichol; London: James Nisbet & Co.; Dublin: W. Robertson, 1860, →OCLC, page 49, lines 7141–7142:

This carter thrashes his horse upon the croup, / And they began to draw and to stoop.

Flaies lustily thwack, / least plough séede lack.

1878, Thomas Tusser, “Octobers Abstract”, in Five Hundred Pointes of Good Husbandrie. […], London: Published for the English Dialect Society by Trübner & Co., […], →OCLC; republished as W[illiam] Payne, Sidney J[ohn Hervon] Herrtage, editors, Five Hundred Pointes of Good Husbandrie. […], London: Published for the English Dialect Society by Trübner & Co., […], 1878, →OCLC, stanza 3, page 43:

Run, run, come you hither / Novv, take all my Cuſhions dovvn and thvvack them ſoundly, / After my Feaſt of Millers: for their Buttocks / Have left a peck of flovver in them, beat them carefully […]

c. 1615–1620 (date written), Tho[mas] Middleton, The Mayor of Quinborough: A Comedy. […] [Hengist, King of Kent], London: […] Henry Herringman, […], published 1661, →OCLC, Act V, scene i, page 61:

VVith that Nic bounc'd up vvith a Spring equal to that of one of your nimbleſt Tumblers or Rope dancers, falls foul upon John Bull to ſnatch the Cudgel he had in his Hand, that he might Thvvack Levvis vvith it.

1712, Humphry Polesworth [pseudonym; John Arbuthnot], “The Rest of Nic’s Fetches to Keep John out of Ecclesdoun-Castle”, in Lewis Baboon Turned Honest, and John Bull Politician. Being the Fourth Part of Law is a Bottomless-Pit. […], London: […] John Morphew, […], →OCLC, page 32:

I had finished my toilet, and was loitering with Frank Bracebridge in the library, when we heard a distant thwacking sound, which he informed me was a signal for the serving up of the dinner.

1820 January 1, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “Christmas Day”, in The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., number V, New York, N.Y.: […] C[ornelius] S. Van Winkle, […], →OCLC, page 423:

Now, great logician! nothings enemy! / Who thwacketh nothing, and its numerous fry / Of little nothings, and the nothings grown; / The fog-lost nothings; and the nothings known.

1856, Joseph Cartwright, Philpot Street: Or, The Infidels of Stepney. […], London: […] G. Rymer, […]; and published by C. Kerbey, […], →OCLC, page 9:

[F]ew country people there are who do not love to see two sturdy fellows thwack and belabour each other with quarter-staff, single-stick, or fists.

1881, Walter Besant, James Rice, “How Kitty First Saw the Doctor”, in The Chaplain of the Fleet […], volume I, London: Chatto and Windus, […], →OCLC, part I (Within the Rules), page 82:

For the poor things [worshippers] would have other idols in place of those he [the iconoclast] thwacketh upon the mazzard and dispelleth.

1906, Ambrose Bierce, “Iconoclast”, in The Cynic’s Word Book, London: Arthur F. Bird […], →OCLC, page 170:

The batsman swung and thwacked it [a cricket ball] behind him over the sight-screens.

1982 August, Douglas Adams, chapter 4, in Life, the Universe and Everything (The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy; 3), London: Pan Books, →ISBN, page 24:

To hit (someone or something) hard, especially with a flat implement or a stick; to thrash, to whack.

бия жестоко

to hit (someone or something) hard, especially with a flat implement or a stick

And see, that urchin, ho-ieroe! / His truant legs they sink from under, / And to the quaking sheet below [i.e., ice on which he has been skating], / Down thwacks he, with a thud like thunder!

1831 February, “Delta” [pseudonym; David Macbeth Moir], “The Winter Wild”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume XXIX, number CLXXVII, part II, Edinburgh: William Blackwood; London: T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, stanza VII, page 328:

(intransitive)
To fall down hard with a thump.


thwack

Him Ralph encountred, and straight grew / A fierce Dispute betwixt them two: / Th'one arm'd with Metall, t'other with Wood; / This fit for bruise, and that for Blood. / With many a stiff thwack, many a bang, / Hard Crab-tree and old Iron rang; / While none that saw them could divine / To which side Conquest would encline: […]

1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]. Canto II.”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, page 49:

Noble Captain, Lend a reaſonable Thvvack, for the Love of God, vvith that Cane of yours, over theſe poor Shoulders.

1704, [Jonathan Swift], “Section XI”, in A Tale of a Tub. […], London: […] John Nutt, […], →OCLC, page 205:

[H]e trudged rapidly up the steep avenue of the Alhambra, singing as he went, and now and then bestowing a hearty thwack with a cudgel on the flanks of his donkey, either by way of cadence to the song, or refreshment to the animal; for dry blows serve in lieu for provender in Spain, for all beasts of burden.

1832, [Washington Irving], “Legend of the Moor’s Legacy”, in The Alhambra: A Series of Tales and Sketches of the Moors and Spaniards. […], volume II, Philadelphia, Pa.: [Henry Charles] Carey & [Isaac] Lea, →OCLC, page 14:

But he was stopped on the way by a portly sperm whale, that begged a few moments' confidential business with him. That business consisted in fetching the Commodore's craft such a thwack, that with all his pumps going he made straight for the nearest port to heave down and repair.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “The Affidavit”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 230:

An act of hitting hard, especially with a flat implement or a stick; a whack; also, a powerful stroke involved in such hitting; a blow, a strike.

كف

act of hitting hard, especially with a flat implement or a stick — see also whack

I had scrambled out of the coach, and was instinctively settling my cravat, when somebody brushed roughly by me, and I heard a smart thwack upon the coachman’s ear. […] And then came a second thwack, aimed at the driver's other ear, but which missed it, and hit him on the nose, causing a terrible effusion of blood.

1837, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “Mrs. Bullfrog”, in Mosses from an Old Manse. […], part I, New York, N.Y.: Wiley and Putnam, published 1846, →OCLC, page 122:

"It's a comfort they're most on'em females," he pursued, sounding a thwack on his knee as he settled himself agreeably in his seat.

1859, George Meredith, “Crisis in the Apple-disease”, in The Ordeal of Richard Feverel. A History of Father and Son. […], volume II, London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, page 137:


thwack

Three watrie clowds ſhymring toe the craft they rampired hizzing, / Three whern's fierd gliſtring, with ſouthwynds rufflered huffling. / Now doe they rayſe gaſtly lightnings, now griſlye reboundings / Of ruffe raffe roaring, mens harts with terror agryſing. / With peale meale ramping, with thwick thwack ſturdilye thundring.

1582, Virgil, “[Here after Ensue Certayne Poetical Conceites. […].] The Description of Liparen, […].”, in Richard Stanyhurst, transl., The First Foure Bookes of Virgils Æneis, […], London: Henrie Bynneman […], published 1583, →OCLC; republished as The First Four Books of the Æneid of Virgil, […], Edinburgh: [Edinburgh Printing Company], 1836, →OCLC, page 142:

And then—Thwack! Anne had brought her slate down on Gilbert's head and cracked it—slate, not head—clear across.

1908 June, L[ucy] M[aud] Montgomery, “A Tempest in the School Teapot”, in Anne of Green Gables, Boston, Mass.: L[ouis] C[oues] Page & Company, published August 1909 (11th printing), →OCLC, page 156:

Used to represent the dull or heavy sound of someone or something being hit or slapped.

plätsis

used to represent the dull or heavy sound of someone or something being hit or slapped


overplay

en-verb

overplay (third-person singular simple present overplays, present participle overplaying, simple past and past participle overplayed)

overplays (present singular third-person)
overplaying (participle present)
overplayed (participle past)
overplayed (past)

A lot of times I don't want to overplay songs that I really like, because I know that then I'll get sick of them and I don't want to get sick of them.

2008, Walter Douglas Crigler, iMusic/myMusic, page 75:

(transitive, music) To play (a song or record) too frequently, often to the point of causing weariness and annoyance.


registration

en-noun

registration (countable and uncountable, plural registrations)

/ˌɹɛ.d͡ʒɪs.ˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/

(music) The art of selecting and combining the stops or registers of an organ.

Registrierung

the art of selecting and combining the stops or registers of an organ


extrapolation

extrapolation (countable and uncountable, plural extrapolations)

(music) The diametric opposite of interpolation.


double bass

The largest stringed instrument of the violin family.


pent

The major pent is the same minor pent pattern only shifted down 3 frets toward the nut. Like John B told me for Sunshine of your love. Play Bm and then Dm pent and it will sound good. He also pointed out that Bm pent includes the same exact notes as DM pent. So the idea is if the song is in D, try both minor and major pents and see how it works.

2006 March 28, Greg Cisko, “Re: Any good solos?”, in alt.guitar.beginner (Usenet):


votive

From Middle French votif, from Latin vōtīvus (“votive”), from vōtum (“vow”).

(music) a hymn or chant dedicated to a particular saint, or to the Virgin Mary


humoresque

(music) A composition that is playful in attitude and tone.


French horn

A coiled brass musical instrument, derived from the French hunting horn, which has rotary valves.


swoop

From Middle English swopen, from Old English swāpan (“to sweep”). Doublet of swaip. See also sweep, which was probably the basis for analogical restoration of /w/ in this word.

Originally, computers' attempts at making music were recognizable by their beeps and boops and weird swoops.

2008, Russell Dean Vines, Composing Digital Music For Dummies, page 281:

(music) A quick passage from one note to the next.


blue-black

blue-black:


blue-black

en-adj

blue-black (comparative more blue-black, superlative most blue-black)

more blue-black (comparative)
most blue-black (superlative)


sizzle

en-verb

sizzle (third-person singular simple present sizzles, present participle sizzling, simple past and past participle sizzled)

sizzles (present singular third-person)
sizzling (participle present)
sizzled (participle past)
sizzled (past)

Probably a derivative of Middle English sissen (“to hiss; buzz; hum”), equivalent to siss + -le (frequentative suffix).

der

I sizzled the bacon for a few minutes in the pan.

(transitive, informal) To cook (something) in a manner which causes that sound.

brutzeln

to cook in a manner which causes sizzling


divertimento

en-noun

divertimento (plural divertimentos or divertimenti)

divertimentos (plural)
divertimenti (plural)

/dɪˌvɜːtɪˈmɛntəʊ/

Borrowed from Italian, from divertire (“to amuse, to entertain”), from Latin dīvertere.

(music) composition that has several short movements, a style that composers started to use in the 18th century.

دِيفِرْتِمِنْتُو

eighteenth-century composition in several short movements


vivace

(music) Played, or to be played, at a brisk, lively tempo.


vivace

(music) A piece to be played at a brisk, lively tempo.


dirty bomb

Without providing evidence, Shoigu said Ukraine could escalate by using a “dirty bomb” – conventional explosives laced with radioactive material.

2022 October 24, Peter Beaumont, “Ukraine war heading for ‘uncontrolled escalation’, says Russia”, in The Guardian:

A device containing conventional explosives and radioactive material, designed to spread radiation over a wide area.

قُنْبُلَة قَذِرَة

A nuclear bomb that spreads radiation over a wide area due to inefficiency or by design.

бру́дная бо́мба

nuclear bomb that speads radiation over a wide area due to inefficiency or design