var.

Some of these roses and other exotic spp. are the parents of our cultivated roses—tea roses, hybrid perpetuals, climbers, ramblers etc.—over 5000 vars. having been named.

1956, Arthur Harmount Graves, “Ròsa—Rose”, in Illustrated Guide to Trees and Shrubs : A Handbook of the Woody Plants of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, revised edition, New York: Dover Publications, published 1992, page 146:

(botany, taxonomy) Abbreviation of variety.


protonym

The protonym of Macroscyphus appears to be Nees von Esenbeck's (1817) [genus] Peziza ...

1968, Mien A. Rifai, The Australasian Pezizales in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew:

Protonyms form the name for later revised opinions on a taxon concept as implicitly or explicitly circumscribed in a subsequent publication...

2005, Bertram Ludäscher, Louiqa Raschid, Data integration in the life sciences:

(zoology, taxonomy) The first legitimate name of a taxon, on which the currently accepted name is based.


paleospecies

The problem of recognizing paleospecies is linked to a more fundamental problem in taxonomy —determining how species should be segregated.

1996, Donald E. Johanson, Donald C. Johanson, Blake Edgar, From Lucy to Language:

Similarly, my main source for confidence about paleospecies arises from proven correspondences with true biospecies in favorable cases providing sufficient information for such a test (particularly when species with lengthy fossil records are still extant).

2001, Alan H. Cheetham, Jeremy B. C. Jackson, Scott Lidgard, Evolutionary Patterns, page 197:

I do not, of course, argue that all named paleospecies are true biospecies, or that I can even estimate the percentage properly so defined (any more than we know the relative frequency of modern taxa that represent true biospecies).

2009, Stephen Jay Gould, Punctuated Equilibrium, page 64:

(taxonomy, paleontology) A species that is derived from the paleontological record; chronospecies.


synonymize

en-verb

synonymize (third-person singular simple present synonymizes, present participle synonymizing, simple past and past participle synonymized)

synonymizes (present singular third-person)
synonymizing (participle present)
synonymized (participle past)
synonymized (past)

(taxonomy) To identify two taxonomic terms as synonyms, thus equating two potentially disparate categories.


symplesiomorphy

(cladistics) An ancestral trait shared by two or more taxa.


semispecies

(taxonomy) One of the species in a superspecies.


superdomain

(taxonomy) A taxonomic grouping above domain.


ditypic

There are two species in a ditypic genus.

(taxonomy) Containing only two members of the next lesser rank.


superordinal

en-adj

superordinal (comparative more superordinal, superlative most superordinal)

more superordinal (comparative)
most superordinal (superlative)


supraordinal

supraordinal (comparative more supraordinal, superlative most supraordinal)

more supraordinal (comparative)
most supraordinal (superlative)

(taxonomy) Of or relating to a grouping above that of order.


infrafamilial

From infra- + familial (“relating to a taxonomic family”).

prefix

(taxonomy) Pertaining to division or subclassification within a biological family.


subform

(taxonomy) A taxon below the level of form.


morphotaxon

(taxonomy) A taxon of a group of organisms classified according to morphology alone


monotypy

(taxonomy) The condition of a taxon having only a single subordinate taxon.


hapantotype

(taxonomy) Any of two or more type specimens of protistans, where the type consists of two or more specimens of directly related individuals representing distinct stages in the life cycle, and collectively treated as a single entity. Lectotypes cannot be designated from among them.


paralectotype

(taxonomy) Any additional specimen from among a set of syntypes, after a lectotype has been designated from among them.


phylon

Late Latin, from Ancient Greek φῦλον (phûlon, “race, tribe”); see phylum.


oofamily

(taxonomy) An ootaxon, equivalent to a family, used to classify fossilised dinosaur eggs


oogenus

(taxonomy) An ootaxon, equivalent to a genus, used to classify fossilised dinosaur eggs


cytotaxonomy

(taxonomy) The classification of organisms based upon their cellular structure and function, and especially based on the number and structure of their chromosomes


tokogenetic

en-adj

tokogenetic (comparative more tokogenetic, superlative most tokogenetic)

more tokogenetic (comparative)
most tokogenetic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek τόκος (tókos, “childbirth, gestation; offspring”) + γένεσις (génesis, “origin, source”) + -ic.

uder

(systematics) Of or concerning the relationships between individuals in a species.


despeciation

(biology, taxonomy) The loss of a unique species of animal due to its combining with another previously distinct species.


cotype

(taxonomy, dated) A syntype or paratype.


Piltdown Man

The Piltdown man of Sussex, England. Antiquity variously estimated at 100,000 to 300,000 years. The ape-like structure of the jaw does not prevent the expression of a considerable degree of intelligence in the face.

1914, Henry Fairfield Osborn, Men of the Old Stone Age: Their Environment, Life and Art:

(taxonomy) A supposed early human theorized from bone fragments said to have been found in a gravel pit in Piltdown, England, in 1912, but later identified as a forgery.


parataxon

(taxonomy) An artificial taxon used to describe a fossil based on morphology with no relation to genetic reality.


eutaxon

(taxonomy) A taxon that accurately refers to organisms or remains of organisms based on genetic affinities.


oospecies

(taxonomy) An ootaxon, equivalent to a species, used to classify fossilised dinosaur eggs


ootaxon

(taxonomy) Any taxonomic classification of egg fossils


genospecies

When their respective genotypes permit inter-bacterial genetic transfer and recombination, we may say that they belong to the same genospecies.

1963 September, Arnold W. Ravin, “Experimental Approaches to the Study of Bacterial Phylogeny”, in The American Naturalist, volume 97, number 89, page 308:

The genospecies complex of B. burgdorferi sensu lato has been divided into more than 4 distinct genospecies: B.burgdorferi sensu stricto (most North American isolates), Borrella garinii, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia japonica, and other additional strains which do not fit into any of the specified genospecies.

1997, Carel J. van Oss, Immunological and Molecular Diagnosis of Infectious Disease:

The last two genospecies are etiologic agents of almost all LB cases in Russia, which encompasses the greater part of the range of B.

2015 July 6, “C6 Peptide-Based Multiplex Phosphorescence Analysis (PHOSPHAN) for Serologic Confirmation of Lyme Borreliosis”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(genetics, taxonomy) A species (group of organisms that can interbreed) identified and characterised by means of genetics.


superclade

This latter superclade was strongly supported clade by BI analysis (PP = 1.00), while the clade (clades 13 + P. axillaris + clade 3) was strongly supported by the total (1.00/70) and plastid (1.00/89) datasets.

2015 July 11, Wen-Bin Yu et al., “Towards a comprehensive phylogeny of the large temperate genus Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae), with an emphasis on species from the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains”, in BMC Plant Biology, volume 15, →DOI:

(taxonomy) A clade that includes other clades.


extraordinal

The much larger R values for ANOSIM between 2011 and pre-tsunami years (2005 to 2008) suggest that tsunami-induced changes in macrozoobenthic community structure were extraordinal.

2015 August 5, “Impacts of the 2011 Tsunami on Sediment Characteristics and Macrozoobenthic Assemblages in a Shallow Eutrophic Lagoon, Sendai Bay, Japan”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


ergatotype

From Ancient Greek ἐργάτης (ergátēs, “worker”) + -type.

(entomology, taxonomy, rare) An additional type specimen chosen as a paratype to exemplify the worker caste in a hymenopteran taxon.


biospecies

(biology, taxonomy) A biological species, usually defined by the biological species concept or strictly on a neontological basis.


tocogenetic

en-adj

tocogenetic (comparative more tocogenetic, superlative most tocogenetic)

more tocogenetic (comparative)
most tocogenetic (superlative)

(systematics) Alternative form of tokogenetic.


ambiregnal

(taxonomy, of a protist) Classified into the taxonomic schemes of two different kingdoms of life simultaneously, either as Protozoa and Algae or as Protozoa and Fungi.


circumscriptional

(taxonomy, of a taxon name) That is not ruled by ICZN and is defined by the particular set of members included.

(taxonomy) Of, or related to circumscription.


sublegion

The Legion of the United States was to consist of four sublegions of 1,280 men each, commanded by brigadier generals.

1967, Russell Frank Weigley, History of the United States Army, page 92:

Proposed as sublegion; ranked as infralegion by Chow & Rich, 1982:129; changed to rank of order by McKenna, in Stucky & McKenna, in Benton, ed., 1993:742.

1997, Malcolm C. McKenna, Classification of Mammals: Above the Species Level:

(taxonomy, military) A subdivision of a legion.


grandorder

(taxonomy) A taxonomic ranking below superorder and above mirorder.


magnorder

From Latin magnus (“large, great, important”) + order.

der

(taxonomy) A taxon one rank above a superorder, and below gigaorder or a class. A magnorder is the highest taxonomic ranking of order.


mirorder

From Latin mirus (“strange, wonderful”) + order.

Primatomorpha is a mirorder of mammals.

(taxonomy) A taxonomic ranking just below grandorder and above order.


capaxorder

From Latin capax (“large, spacious”) + order.


nanorder

(taxonomy, rare) A taxon below order and hypoorder.


hypoorder

(taxonomy) A taxon below nanorder and above minorder


minorder

(taxonomy) A taxon below hypoorder and above suborder.


supercohort

(taxonomy, zoology) A taxon one rank above the taxon cohort, and inferior to a class.


adelphotaxon

From Ancient Greek ἀδελφός (adelphós, “brother”) + taxon.

In the structure of the phylogenetic system, as in every hierarchical ordering, a sequence of ranks between the taxa of the individual levels is necessarily linked with the sequence of hierarchical levels. Here the following law applies: the adelphotaxa of any given level of coordination have identical rank.

1987, Peter Ax, The phylogenetic system: the systematization of organisms on the basis of their phylogenesis:

When justifying the monophyly of system unities and working out their ground patterns, we usually, more or less immediately, draw upon the subordinated adelphotaxa.


onomatophore

(biology, taxonomy) A specimen that serves to bear a taxonomic name, as a type.


metanym

(taxonomy) A name that is rejected because a valid name (based on another member) already exists for the same group.


isoneotype

(taxonomy) A duplicate specimen of a neotype.


isolectotype

(taxonomy) A duplicate specimen of a lectotype.


monophyletism

(taxonomy) The property of being monophyletic; monophyly.


protologist

The allotype need not be described by the protologist (first describer) ; it can be contained in the original as well as in any subsequent description by other authors.

1911, Annals of the Entomological Society of America - Volume 4, page 208:

Therefore, to rectify this long standing error, we are compelled to expunge Fairmaire's name as the author of the name and substitute Felsche as the true protologist.

1955, Transactions of the American Entomological Society:

According to the International Rules of Zoological Nomenclature, Timberlake is the protologist.

1961, Hymenoptera reprints: Bradley collection - Volume 89, page 204:

(taxonomy) The first person to describe a new species.


super class

(taxonomy) Alternative form of superclass


cultigroup

(taxonomy) A formal taxonomic category for assembling cultivars, individual plants or assemblages of plants on the basis of defined similarity, formerly denoted by cultivar-group and now by Group.


evolutionary taxonomist

en-noun

evolutionary taxonomist (plural evolutionary taxonomists)

A taxonomist who erects taxa based on evolutionary similarities, without requiring that each taxon be a clade.


phyleticist

A taxonomist who uses both cladistics and phenetic data to construct a phylogeny.


pheneticism

(systematics) Support for the system of phenetics.


dumping ground

Several genera, e.g. Miltonia Lindl., Odontoglossum Kunth and Oncidium Sw., have historically been viewed as taxa of convenience and thus became dumping grounds for species of unclear relationships.

2008 December, Mark W. Chase et al., “Taxonomic transfers in Oncidiinae to accord with Genera Orchidacearum, Vol. 5”, in Lindleyana:

(taxonomy) A presumably polyphyletic supraspecific taxon where species of unclear affinities are placed.


epitype

It is clear, therefore, where any epitype, selected as an interpretive type, should be sought. The selection of an epitype, in the absence of type or authentic material, would be important, for any further molecular work will need to have available a culture of the type species of the genus which has some nomenclatural standing, i.e. a culture derived from the epitype.

2000, G.-S. Seo, P. M. Kirk, “1: Ganodermataceae: Nomenclature and Classification”, in J. Flood, P. D. Bridge, M. Holderness, editors, Ganoderma Diseases of Perennial Crops, CABI Publishing, page 4:

The epitype does not displace the primary type it is to interpret, but rather supplements it.

2010, Philippe Bouchet, Ellen E. Strong, “Chapter 6: Historical Name-Bearing Types in Marine Molluscs: An Impediment to Biodiversity Studies?”, in Andrew Polaszek, editor, Systema Naturae 250: The Linnaean Ark, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 72:

In cases where a name-bearing type exists but does not show features needed for conclusive identification with a particular species circumscription, for example, one lacking spores, an interpretative type, an epitype, can be designated to supplement information evident in the name-bearing type. Epitypes are increasingly being designated in mycology today for sequenced material where DNA has not or cannot be recovered from the name-bearing type.

2016, David L. Hawksworth, “Chapter 2: Mycotoxin-Producing and Clinically Important Fungi: Their Classification and Naming”, in R. Russell M. Paterson, Nelson Lima, editors, Molecular Biology of Food and Water Borne Mycotoxigenic and Mycotic Fungi, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 9:

(taxonomy) An additional, clarifying type (specimen or illustration) of a species or lower-order taxon, provided when the holotype and paratypes from the original classification are demonstrably ambiguous or insufficient.


name-bearing type

name-bearing type (plural name-bearing types)

A nominal species and its nominotypical subspecies have the same name-bearing type [Arts. 47a, 61b].

1995, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature: Draft, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, page 72:

Lectotype designation is justified under article 74.1.1 of the ICZN (1999) in order to fix the status of this specimen as the sole name-bearing type of this species.

2000, Scientific Papers, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, page 27:

In principle, the answer should be straightforward: examine the name-bearing type, and confirm its protoconch type.

2010, Philippe Bouchet, Ellen E. Strong, “Chapter 6: Historical Name-Bearing Types in Marine Molluscs: An Impediment to Biodiversity Studies?”, in Andrew Polaszek, editor, Systema Naturae 250 - The Linnaean Ark, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 65:

Principle III: The application of names of taxa is determined by means of name-bearing types (hereafter referred to as types), although this principle does not apply to certain names at suprafamilial ranks.

2012, Bharati Bhattacharyya, “2: Plant Nomenclature: an Overview”, in Rajni Gupta, editor, Plant Taxonomy: Past, Present, and Future: Dr Prithipalsingh Festschrift, TERI, page 51:

(taxonomy, of a taxon) For a species or lower-order taxon, a type (specimen or illustration) that determines the application of the species name; for a genus, the type species; for a family, the type genus.


suprafamilial

A suprafamilial name revised from its previously published rank with accompanying change of termination (which may or may not be intended to signalize the change of rank) is recorded as nom. transl et correct.

1981, Raymond Cecil Moore, Curt Teichert, editors, Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, volumes 1-2, Geological Society of America, page xxiii:

In the final version of this classification (Cushman, 1948), the number of families (without any suprafamilial groupings) was 50.

2002, Barun K. Sen Gupta, “2: Systematics of modern Foraminifera”, in Barun K. Sen Gupta, editor, Modern Foraminifera, Springer (Kluwer Academic), page 11:

While the Code does not apply to taxa above the family level, Corliss (1962a) argued that it is common sense to apply these principles at the suprafamilial level, and we have followed this recommendation. When a suprafamilial taxon has been simply transferred within a higher taxon or between higher taxa, even if it has changed its rank, we have retained the priority date from the original publication along with the original authorship. This promotes stability and recognizes priority.

2010, Denis Lynn, The Ciliated Protozoa: Characterization, Classification, and Guide to the Literature, Springer, page 86:

(taxonomy) Whose taxonomic level is higher than family.


euphorine

euphorine (countable and uncountable, plural euphorines)

Euphorines are rather unusual hymenopterans in attacking the adult stage of various insects.

1997, Robert Alan Wharton, Paul M. Marsh, Michael J. Sharkey, Manual of the New World genera of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera):

The life cycles of these euphorine parasitoids are synchronized with those of their hosts.

2001, Alfred George Wheeler, Biology of the Plant Bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae), →ISBN:

Although euphorines usually oviposit between abdominal sclerites, often near the anus, some species exhibit a well-pronounced preference for different sites such as the mouth (Wylie, 1985), whilst others are evidently more plastic in their behaviour (Wylie & Loan, 1984). It is usual for the euphorines that attack beetles to have two, or sometimes more, annual generations on a single generation of their univoltine hosts.

2012, Pierre H. Jolivet, M.L. Cox, E. Petitpierre, Novel aspects of the biology of Chrysomelidae, →ISBN, page 435:

(taxonomy, countable) A parasitic wasp of the subfamily Euphorinae (a subfamily of Braconidae), characterized by two submarginal cells in the forewing and, usually, a petiolate first gastral tergite.


subtribus

Fries devided^([sic]) this tribus into two subtribus, viz. Rhodopolii and Plutei. In accordance with the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (I.C.B.N.) art. 22.4 these subtribus are to be typified with Agaricus rhodopolius and A. pluteus respectively.

It might therefore be justified to separate them from the remaining genera of the subfamily Lithosinae as a tribus with two subtribus, or as two tribus.

1965, A Revision of the West African Eilemic Moths, Based on the Male Genitalia, page 9:

The differences in the constituents in the two subtribus are not very clear.

1973, F. Bohlmann, T. Burkhardt, C. Zdero, Naturally Occurring Acetylenes, Academic Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, page 378:


alticine

(taxonomy) Relating to the Alticini tribe of flea beetles


bergamia

(taxonomy) A species of the citrus fruit bergamot, probably a natural hybrid between a lemon and an orange.


tectotype

From tecto- + type, coined independently in different fields. The earliest attested sense is the taxonomic one, coined by Frederick Chapman in 1912.

(taxonomy, biology, rare) A type specimen explicitly designated to show microscopic structure.


oreophilous

An oreophilous species occuring^([sic]) in the Hissar Range in the zone from 1800 m above sea level (Kvak area in upper reaches of Kondara ravine) to 3350 m above sea level. It is evidently endemic to the fauna of Tajikistan.

(chiefly taxonomy) Mountain-loving; tending to inhabit mountains.


infradivision

(rare, taxonomy) A taxonomic rank below that of division


biogroup

(taxonomy) A group of species (typically of bacteria) that have a distinct biochemistry


subinfraorder

(taxonomy) A subdivision of the taxonomic category "infraorder"


transkingdom

(taxonomy) Across or throughout a kingdom.


subspeciation

The first procedure would signify a process of successive subspeciations while the second one would mean simultaneous subspeciations, although this is not mandatory.

2013, Eduardo H Rapoport, Areography: Geographical Strategies of Species, page 58:

(biology, taxonomy) The formation or evolution of a subspecies.


synisonym

(taxonomy, rare) Any of a set of names that share a basionym.


dionym

(taxonomy, dated) A binomial name; a scientific name at the rank of species, with two terms: a generic name and a specific name.


taxasphere

taxasphere (countable and uncountable, plural taxaspheres)

(taxonomy) The community of taxonomic experts


oligotypic

(taxonomy) Relating to oligotyping or to oligotypes


infraordinal

(taxonomy) Relating to an infraorder (or any taxon lower than an order)


orthotaxon

Some hook types do not correspond with a particular specific orthotaxon and occur in more than one.

2013, M. R. Clarke, Paleontology and Neontology of Cephalopods, page 139:

(taxonomy) A true taxon that is based on biological relationships rather than on form.


infrasection

(taxonomy) a taxon below the rank of section


oligotyping

(genetics, taxonomy) The definition and identification of oligotypes


oligotype

(genetics, taxonomy) A distinct taxon whose separate identity is derived from a string of genetic bases rather than from morphological differences


cybertaxonomy

cybertaxonomy (countable and uncountable, plural cybertaxonomies)

(computing, taxonomy) computerised taxonomy


plastotype

(taxonomy) A plastic cast of a type specimen.


epitypification

epitypification (usually uncountable, plural epitypifications)

(taxonomy) The identification and naming of an epitype


epitypify

en-verb

epitypify (third-person singular simple present epitypifies, present participle epitypifying, simple past and past participle epitypified)

epitypifies (present singular third-person)
epitypifying (participle present)
epitypified (participle past)
epitypified (past)

(taxonomy) To identify and name an epitype


nomen translatum

en-noun

nomen translatum (plural nomina translata)

(taxonomy) A valid taxon name derived from a change in taxonomic rank to a previously published name.


supergenus

(rare, taxonomy) A rank above genus and below tribe


zoosystematics

(biology, taxonomy) The systematic classification of animals


orthotype

At the same time it is realised that the validity of the present arrangement can be established only by some worker who has at his disposal an adequate world collection, and who has access to orthotypes and early literature not available here […]

1938, JLB Smith, “The South African fishes of the families Sparidae and Denticidae”, in Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, volume 26, number 3, page 225:

(taxonomy) The original published name for a group of genetically related organisms.


subordo

There is no reason to deny a natural sequence or to split off genera only to have to attempt later to re-insert them into the whole by means of subordos and superfamilies.

1967, Zoologische Verhandelingen, page 32:

In contrast to Eutheria and Primates, structural and physiological similarity in fetal membrane development and placentation exists within the subordines Strepsirhini and Haplorhini.

The short diagnoses of the subordos, supercohors and cohors in the Oribatid system as here elaborated are as follows:[…]

1979, Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, page 280:

From all these considerations, it follows that the larval criteria in the subordines Polyarthra and Oligoarthra should be revised.

1979, Cahiers de Biologie Marine, page 297:

A new systematics considers, obviously, also a rearrangement of the familiae that characterize the subordines.

He considered it very distinct and gave it equal status to the Papilionoideae, Mimosoideae, and Caesalpinioideae (which he termed subordos ‘Papilionaceae’, ‘Mimosae’ and ‘Caesalpineae’).

2000, Advances in Legume Systematics, part 9, →ISBN, page 218:

Cangir, C and D. Boyraz, 2001. Distribution of Thrace soils according to their subordos and evaluation of usage of the soil in different part of the region.

2005, Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, page 716, column 2:

Three ordos (Entisol, Mollisol, and Alfisol), three subordos (Orthent, Ustoll, and Ustalf), four big groups (Ustorthent, Haplustoll, Haplustalf, and Argiustoll), and three subgroups (Typicustorthent, Lithicustorthent, and Verticargiustoll) were determined using climatological and geological data [67].

2016, Ertuğrul Karaş, “Sustainable Land Use Planning Model in Rural Basins”, in Daniel Bucur, editor, River Basin Management, IntechOpen, →DOI, →ISBN, page 140:


cybertaxonomic

(computing, taxonomy) Relating to cybertaxonomy


cladification

cladification (countable and uncountable, plural cladifications)


type specimen

(taxonomy) A specimen whose characteristics are used to describe and name a species


iconotype

(taxonomy) An illustration of a biological specimen that serves as a holotype or lectotype (type specimen and it becomes the type illustration). It is not an illustration of a holotype or lectotype. In the 18th and early 19th century, iconotypes were designated as type specimens when preserved specimens were not available. In the 21st century, iconotypes are being used where a live animal is recorded and then released.


hypotype

(taxonomy) A specimen, whose details have been previously published, which is not part of the original type series of the species.


apotype

(taxonomy) A hypotype that has supplementary descriptions


cheironym

(taxonomy) An unofficial, unpublished name of an organism


confamiliar

(taxonomy) A member of the same family as another organism


ethnotaxonomy

(taxonomy) The naming system for plants and animals used by a particular ethnic group

(taxonomy) The study of such naming systems


infrasubgeneric

(taxonomy) Relating to a taxon at a rank lower than subgenus


lectotypify

en-verb

lectotypify (third-person singular simple present lectotypifies, present participle lectotypifying, simple past and past participle lectotypified)

lectotypifies (present singular third-person)
lectotypifying (participle present)
lectotypified (participle past)
lectotypified (past)

(taxonomy) To identify and document a lectotype


lectotypification

en-noun

lectotypification (countable and uncountable, plural lectotypifications)

(taxonomy) The process, or the result of lectotypifying


macrotaxonomy

(taxonomy) taxonomy of the larger ranks (typically family and above)


ontogimorph

(taxonomy) A semaphoront identified via taxonomic ontogeny


supraspecies

(taxonomy) At a hierarchical level above species


taxid

(taxonomy) Abbreviation of taxonomic identifier.


biotaxonomic

(biology, taxonomy) Relating to biotaxonomy


metataxonomy

(taxonomy) The taxonomy of an entire microbiota


stratophenetic

(taxonomy) Relating to relationships between organisms that exist only as fossils


species-rich

en-adj

species-rich (comparative more species-rich, superlative most species-rich)

more species-rich (comparative)
most species-rich (superlative)

The most common and species-rich backboned animal (vertebrates) worldwide and at Wembury are, arguably, the fish.


taxonogenomic

(taxonomy, genetics) Relating to taxonogenomics


ichnotype

(taxonomy) A footprint of a type specimen (especially an extinct one)


subjective synonym

en-noun

subjective synonym (plural subjective synonyms)

(taxonomy) A synonym when the names being synonymized have different types, based to some extent on the opinion of the writer.


juxtaform

(biology, taxonomy) A superclass of trypanosomatid parasites with laterally-attached flagellum.


liberform

(biology, taxonomy) A superclass of trypanosomatid parasites with a flagellum that is not laterally-attached .


prefamily

The shifting of the superfamily a step upward by Griffiths and the introduction of the prefamily for the category usually called superfamily, is I believe, unfortunate.

1974, George C. Steyskal, “Recent Advances in the Primary Classification of the Diptera”, in Annals of the Entomological Society of America, volume 67, number 3, →DOI, pages 513–517:

(taxonomy, rare) A taxonomic rank above the level of family.


taxonavigation

From taxo- + navigation. Coined on Wikispecies, which was launched in 2004.

Taxonavigation in design and architecture, much like the contemporary preoccupation with tagging, labeling, blogging, and wikiing has become integral to praxis and pedagogy.

2012, Liat Margolis, “Encoding Digital and Analogue Taxonavigation”, in Thomas Schröpfer, editor, Material Design: Informing Architecture by Materiality, Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 148:

A good example for a taxonomy is the Wikispecies project, which aims at creating a directory of species. In the “Taxonavigation” the path in the taxonomy leading to the species is depicted.

2014, S Arroyo, K Siorpaes, “ONTOLOGIES AND ONTOLOGY LANGUAGES”, in Handbook of Metadata, Semantics and Ontologies, World Scientific, page 145:

Taxonavigation of microalgae
Chlorella vulgaris belongs to Chlorophyta (green algae) […] they were subjected to classification by dividing under main taxonomic groups based on their pigmentation.

2019 September, G. Panduranga Murthy, Rajesh Kumar, “Optimized production of biodiesel by fresh water algae oils derived from Chlorella wild stuff and performance characteristics of engine system by employing integration of chemical sciences and engineering technologies”, in NISCAIR-CSIR, India:

(taxonomy) The navigation of a directory of species or other taxonomic entities.


hemihomonym

Chaetopsis in Fungi is a hemihomonym of Chaetopsis in Insecta

Hemihomonyms (same nomina which are used for taxa from different nomenclature jurisdictions) are an overlooked but genuine nuisance in biological nomenclature.

2013, Alexey Shipunov, “The problem of hemihomonyms and the on-line hemihomonyms database (HHDB)”, in Bionomina:

(taxonomy) A scientific name of an organism that is also used for a different taxon in a different kingdom subject to a different code of nomenclature.


microtaxonomy

Coordinate term: macrotaxonomy

(taxonomy) taxonomy of the smaller, more specific ranks


consubspecific

(taxonomy) relating to the same subspecies


phylostratification

(genetics, taxonomy) stratification by species


neotypic

(taxonomy) Relating to a neotype; neotypal.


nomen correctum

(taxonomy) A name whose spelling is required or allowed to be intentionally altered under the ICZN rules of nomenclature but which does not have to be transferred from one taxon to another.


nomen protectum

nomen protectum (plural nomina conservanda)

(taxonomy) A name that has been protected by the International Commission for Zoological Nomenclature and is valid to be used although it is known it does not comply with the requirements of the International Code for Zoological Nomenclature


ochlospecies

Ochlospecies are usually geographically and ecologically widespread, occurring in several climatic and vegetation zones ('ecological and chorological transgressors' of White ).

1998, Camilla R. Huxley, Chorology, Taxonomy and Ecology of the Floras of Africa and Madagascar:

The existence of “swarms” of related species or subspecies with near-complete combinations of morphological traits (“ochlospecies”; White 1962, Cronk 1999) may indicate that the terminal phylogenetic structure of some tropical tree lineages may actually be highly reticulate.

2011, Walter Carson, Tropical Forest Community Ecology:

(taxonomy) A taxonomic species concept characterized by large amounts of variation that is not correlated with geography or ecology; usually geographically widespread and having variants that may be consistently distinguishable locally but not globally.


informal group

(taxonomy) Sometimes used to indicate that a formerly accepted taxonomic group is considered not to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic.


subterclass

From Latin subter (“below, underneath”) + class.

(taxonomy) A taxonomic rank below infraclass.


vernacular name

vernacular name (plural vernacular names)

(taxonomy) A name other than a taxonomic name, in a vernacular language, used to refer to an organism, often corresponding to a taxonomic name, but often not.


idionym

Haworth's idionym “v-flava” has been changed to “v-flavum,” despite its acceptance, with explanation of derivation, by the Entomological Societies of Oxford and Cambridge […]

1907, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, page 1014:

(taxonomy, dated) A specific epithet; the name of a species.


gen. et sp. nov.

(taxonomy, biology, paleontology) Abbreviation of new genus and species.


nothomorph

A nothomorph is any taxon of hybrid origin, whether F1, segregate, or backcross.

1956, Regnum Vegetabile, volume 8, page 31:

Since F. cuneifolia is supposed to be of the same hybrid origin as F. xananassa, it has to be put under that name as a nothomorph.

1962, Canadian Journal of Botany, page 885:

They may be named under the Botanical Code (prior to 1982 they would have been referred to as nothomorphs or bastard forms) and also under the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants as 'cultivars' […]

2008, D. Gledhill, The Names of Plants, page 23:

(archaic, taxonomy) A subordinate rank within a nothospecies.


type genus

(taxonomy) A genus that has been designated as typical of a family, and after which the family is named.


type series

(taxonomy) All those specimens included by the author in a taxon's formal description, unless the author explicitly or implicitly excludes them as part of the series.


SCANDAL

(biology, evolution, taxonomy, pathology) Acronym of speciated by cancer development animals.


SCANDAL

Coordinate term: transmissible cancer

(biology, evolution, taxonomy, pathology) Ellipsis of SCANDAL taxon; a species or taxon which speciated due to the SCANDAL process.

SCANDAL taxon

Coordinate term: transmissible cancer

(biology, evolution, taxonomy, pathology) Ellipsis of SCANDAL process; the mechanism for speciation through cancer cells becoming independent of the originating creature, and living on.


MONA

(taxonomy) Acronym of Moths of North America.


mihi itch

From Latin mihī̆, dative of egō̆ (“I”), + itch.

Unscrupulous individuals can and do jump freely into taxonomy to satisfy their ‘mihi itch’ by engaging in a practice called ‘taxonomic vandalism’ creating taxon names without proper scientific work to back them up.

2023, Wolfgang Denzer, Hinrich Kaiser, “Naming And Gaming: The Illicit Taxonomic Practice Of 'Nomenclatural Harvesting' And How To Avoid It”, in Journal of Zoology, volume 320, number 3, page 161:

(taxonomy) The ambition to publish and name large numbers of taxa as a form of personal aggrandizement.


dicolpate

The dicolpates are grouped into clades.

(botany, taxonomy) A plant with dicolpate (two-grooved) pollen.


tetracolpate

(botany, taxonomy) A plant with tetracolpate (four-grooved) pollen.


genonym

(taxonomy, dated) Generic name; the name of a genus.


lycaena

A learned borrowing from translingual Lycaena, from Ancient Greek λῠ́καινᾰ f (lúkaina, “she-wolf”).

der

(lepidoptery, especially taxonomy) Any butterfly of the genus Lycaena.


bryobia

Descriptions of these two new Bryobias are here given:

1921, H. E. Ewing, “New Nearctic Spider Mites of the Family Tetranychidae.”, in Proceedings of the United States National Museum, volume 59, archived from the original on 2024-06-04, page 662:

All other known Bryobias hibernate in the egg stage.

1953, G. S. Roosje and J. B. M. van Dinther, “The genus Bryobia and the species Bryobia praetiosa Koch”, in Natuurtijdschriften, archived from the original on 2024-04-13, page 333:

Bryobias infest the leaves and unripe fruits.

2002, “Date Palm”, in Organic Farming in the Tropics and Subtropics, 1st edition, Naturland e.V., archived from the original on 2023-08-12, II Special section: Organic Date Palm Cultivation, page 9:

(arachnology, taxonomy) A spider mite of the genus Bryobia.

Bryobia

maintaining capitalization from the genus name


schistocerca

Borrowed from translingual Schistocerca.

All the other schistocercas, except for the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria, (responsible for biblical and modern day plagues in Africa) are found in the New World.

2006 October 12, vanessa cardui, “What better day than Columbus Day?”, in Am I Bugging You Yet?: Bug sightings in and around Tustin, California., archived from the original on 2023-11-23:

Schistocercas shouldn't be such fussy eaters. We give them dried oats and green cabbage but they should also be able to survive on grass, carrots, anything really.

2013 May 24, mister_moustachio, “We got our grasshoppers in today. I love how they go towards the light”, in r/Entomology, Reddit:

(entomology, taxonomy, rare) Any large grasshopper of the genus Schistocerca.