plow under

plow under (third-person singular simple present plows under, present participle plowing under, simple past and past participle plowed under)

plows under (present singular third-person)
plowing under (participle present)
plowed under (participle past)
plowed under (past)

A sharp drop in demand forced the farmer to plow under half his turnips.

(agriculture) To destory (crops) by turning them into the ground with a plow


creamed honey

en-noun

creamed honey (countable and uncountable, plural creamed honeys)

Honey which has been crystallized in a way that produces many small crystals rather than the normal larger crystals, giving it a lighter colour and smoother, spreadable consistency.


golden pea

(horticulture) Any of various Mirbelioids with small yellow flowers.


overmanure

en-verb

overmanure (third-person singular simple present overmanures, present participle overmanuring, simple past and past participle overmanured)

overmanures (present singular third-person)
overmanuring (participle present)
overmanured (participle past)
overmanured (past)

(agriculture, transitive) To fertilize with too much manure.


cog mill

(agriculture) A large horizontal cogwheel turned by oxen or horses.


seeding plough

(agriculture) A plough fitted with a hopper from which seed is automatically deposited.


smart farming

information technology
information technology

(agriculture) A type of farming that takes advantage of information technology in order to maximise efficiency or product yield; most commonly via tracking, automation and big data analysis.


prepink

The apple trees were to receive no dormant lime sulphur, but an application of Scalecide 1 to 15 at the delayed dormant, followed by a prepink lime sulphur 1 to 30 and the pink lime sulphur 1 to 10.

1885, Pamphlets on Parasitology, volume 128, page 255:

These all showed positive correlation (r = +.414 to +.507) with the length of the interval prepink to calyx. This is not surprising, since always most of this interval was in May and usually rainy days in May are cool days […]

1948, Donald Folsom, Comparative Effects of Certain Sulphur Fungicides on McIntosh Apple Trees, page 19:

(horticulture) After the development of buds and leaves on an apple tree, but before the pink coloration appears.


tractioneering

A number of agricultural colleges have added courses in tractioneering, and there are several privately conducted tractor schools.

1916, United States. Department of Agriculture, Department Bulletin (issues 151-175, page 40)

(obsolete, agriculture) The work of a tractioneer.


tractorize

tractorize (third-person singular simple present tractorizes, present participle tractorizing, simple past and past participle tractorized)

tractorizes (present singular third-person)
tractorizing (participle present)
tractorized (participle past)
tractorized (past)

(transitive, agriculture, dated) To adapt (a farm) to use tractors.


interlight

(horticulture) A lamp placed within the plant canopy to encourage growth in leaves that would otherwise be shaded.


topwork

topwork (third-person singular simple present topworks, present participle topworking, simple past and past participle topworked)

topworks (present singular third-person)
topworking (participle present)
topworked (participle past)
topworked (past)

(horticulture) To perform a graft on a fruit tree to change it to a more popular or profitable cultivar.


smoke blower

she had dark hair and quick, brown eyes, her cheeks were very pink, and one of them was decorated with a black smudge from the smoke blower.

1921, Cornelia Meigs, The Windy Hill, page 21:

The hollow limbs of old gums often sheltered a hive, and he always carried an axe and a smoke blower when I drove him through the bush.

1944, Alan Marshall, These are My People, page 192:

Armed with a smoke blower, he was good at capturing the bees.

1988, R. L. Skrabanek, We're Czechs, page 41:

(beekeeping) A small fire chamber with attached bellows used to blow smoke on a hive to pacify the bees before the beekeeper works on it.


duckfoot

(agriculture, often attributive) A relatively small, shallow share used in tillage, shaped like a duck's foot.


drydown

en-noun

drydown (countable and uncountable, plural drydowns)

From dry + down and deverbal from dry down.

(agriculture) The physiologically mature phase in the ripening of a crop, where the fruit attains the desired trait of desiccation, suiting it for harvest and storage (e.g. maize, soybean).


dwarf-holder

From dwarf + holder, by analogy with smallholder. First attested in the 1930s.

It represented the rural middle classes against the bigger men, especially against their creditors, but it neither represented nor cared for the dwarf-holders, still less the agricultural labourers.

1956, Carlile Aylmer Macartney, October Fifteenth: A History of Modern Hungary, 1929–1945, volume 1, page 122:

The fund would consist of land confiscated from all owners, individual and institutional, who, according to the new bill, held more than was socially acceptable; the confiscated land would be redistributed amongst the landless and the dwarf-holders.

1987, Richard J. Crampton, A Short History of Modern Bulgaria, →ISBN, page 89:

This was a time of land hunger and severely declining living standards for the teeming mass of smallholders, cottagers, and landless laborers who crowded onto the land. The world of the Halesowen dwarf-holders was terrible.

2001, David Levine, At the Dawn of Modernity: Biology, Culture, and Material Life in Europe, →ISBN, page 282:

A poor farmer with a very small holding, especially one smaller than required for subsistence.


fire-fang

en-verb

fire-fang (third-person singular simple present fire-fangs, present participle fire-fanging, simple past and past participle fire-fanged)

fire-fangs (present singular third-person)
fire-fanging (participle present)
fire-fanged (participle past)
fire-fanged (past)

From fire + fang; see fang (“to seize”).

(agriculture, transitive) To cause (manure) to lose its goodness and acquire an ashy hue because of the heat generated by decomposition.


mowburn

mowburn (third-person singular simple present mowburns, present participle mowburning, simple past and past participle mowburned or mowburnt)

mowburns (present singular third-person)
mowburning (participle present)
mowburned (participle past)
mowburned (past)
mowburnt (participle past)
mowburnt (past)

(agriculture, obsolete, transitive) To stack (hay) before it is sufficiently dry, leading to excessive fermentation and sometimes toxicity.


mowburn

(agriculture, obsolete) Damage caused to hay in this manner.


feedroom

(agriculture, hobby horsefarms) A room within a barn where feed is kept, blended, and readied for distribution to the livestock.


pyroculture

en-noun

pyroculture (countable and uncountable, plural pyrocultures)

Furthermore, as pointed out earlier, traditional pyro-culture did not include the total destruction or removal of trees. Undisturbed tree roots served to bind soil particles together and to prevent sheet erosion. Traditional African farmers recognized that it is easier to restore nutrients to exhausted soils than to "rebuild" a soil after it has "collapsed" in physical terms (Lal & Greenland, 1979).

1991, Sam L. J. Page & Helán E. Page, "Western Hegemony over African Agriculture in Southern Rhodesia and its Continuing Threat to Food Security in Independent Zimbabwe", Agriculture and Human Values, Fall 1991, page 12

The colonization by the British initially was a relief to the Shona in that it enabled them to resume their original management practices for farming (pyro-culture) and natural resource use (slash and burn).

1999, Wybe Van Halsema, "Endogenous Development of Natural Resource Management in Communal Areas of Southern Zimbabwe: A Case Study Approach", dissertation submitted to the University of South Africa, page 117

Success depended on technologies or innovations such as shifting cultivation and pyro-culture (slash and burn), both of which were characterised by minimum disturbance of the soil (Manyanga, 2006), which in contemporary language could be minimum or zero-tillage.

2013, Collin Calvin Mabiza, "Integrated Water Resources Management, Institutions and Livelihoods Under Stress: Bottom-Up Perspectives from Zimbabwe", dissertation submitted to Delft University of Technology, page 99


crop-rotate

en-verb

crop-rotate (third-person singular simple present crop-rotates, present participle crop-rotating, simple past and past participle crop-rotated)

crop-rotates (present singular third-person)
crop-rotating (participle present)
crop-rotated (participle past)
crop-rotated (past)

Sugar beet needs a lot of (petrochemical) weed killers, has to be crop-rotated (so the processors are four times as far apart, which means longer shipping routes), and the processors and evaporators are energy hogs.

2009 December 3, "Gerard", “Can't Beet Sugar Cane”, in The Scope, number 95, page 3:

Currently, cotton is crop rotated with winter wheat in Uzbekistan after cotton is harvested. This is an advantage in diversification for soil health and food security.

2012 November 27, Michael R. Edelstein, Astrid Cerny, Abror Gadaev, Disaster by Design: The Aral Sea and Its Lessons for Sustainability, Emerald Group Publishing, →ISBN, page 167:

(agriculture) To practice crop rotation in growing (a particular crop)


early bloomer

Coordinate term: late bloomer

(horticulture) A flowering plant that blooms earlier in a growing season than other flowering plants.


sokha

Borrowed from Russian соха́ (soxá), from Proto-Slavic *soxa.

As stony soil predominates, and as it is necessary in many localities to plough lands cleared of forest, special types of implements have been invented in Russia, namely the sokha and the borona-smyk.

1893, “XII. Farming machines and implements”, in J. M. Crawford, editor, The Industries of Russia, volume III:

Moreover, the methods of cultivation were suited to either slash and burn or to field tillage with the sokha.

1977, Robert E. F. Smith, “The Elements of the Peasant Household”, in Peasant Farming in Muscovy:

(historical) Russian ard (a type of wooden plough with high, horizontal draft-poles and usually two metal-tipped ploughshares, originating in Northern Russia in medieval times and widely used in Russia and nearby countries until the early 20th century)


tobacco-sick

en-adj

tobacco-sick (comparative more tobacco-sick, superlative most tobacco-sick)

more tobacco-sick (comparative)
most tobacco-sick (superlative)

(agriculture) Of soil: deficient in potassium, so that tobacco will not grow well.


ladder wagon

(historical) An agricultural wagon with sides resembling ladders.


parafoulbrood

Parafoulbrood is extremely infectious, apparently being readily transmitted by robbing, drifting, and by the exchange of brood or honey from infected colonies.

1933, Experiment Station Record, volume 69, page 560:

Determination of causative organisms of European foulbrood and parafoulbrood needs investigation.

1951, United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture, Committee Prints (issue 3, page 2563)

At times nearly all brood diseases (American foulbrood, European foulbrood, parafoulbrood, sacbrood) were thought to represent a single malady. European and American foulbroods were especially confused.

2012, Edward Steinhaus, Insect Pathology V2: An Advanced Treatise, page 553:


queen excluder

(beekeeping) A selective barrier inside a beehive that allows workers past, but not the larger queens and drones.


gangplow

From gang (“a combination of tools or machines coordinated to work together as a set”) + plow (“a farm implement used to break up soil into furrows for sowing”).

af

A plow with multiple plowshares, moldboards, and colters, arranged in a series to turn parallel furrows simultaneously.


gangplough

From gang (“a combination of tools or machines coordinated to work together as a set”) + plough (“a farm implement used to break up soil into furrows for sowing”).

A plough with multiple plowshares, mouldboards, and coulters, arranged in a series to turn parallel furrows simultaneously.


knee-high by the Fourth of July

En-us-knee-high by the Fourth of July.ogg

(US, agriculture) If a corn crop has grown knee-high by American Independence Day (July 4th), it is on track for a bountiful harvest.


strip cropping

(agriculture) The cultivation of a field partitioned into long, narrow strips that are alternated in a crop rotation system.


strip farming

open-field system
open-field system#English

(historical) Synonym of open-field system


single-crop

(agriculture, intransitive) To grow only one kind of crop.


proplifting

en-noun

proplifting (countable and uncountable, plural propliftings)

/ˈpɹɒpˌlɪftɪŋ/

Blend of propagation + shoplifting, invented on Reddit 2017 before opening a subreddit the same year under the term, continuing previous online communities flaunting their shoplifting; prop is also used to refer to parts of plants used for propagation within that community.

(uncountable) The action of disseizing a plant nursery or similar of discard plant material to propagate one's own plants.


tiger stripes

At the time of ripening, leaves of Esca-affected vines show an interveinal necrosis, known as “tiger stripes”, also called Grapevine Leaf Stripe Disease (GLSD), causing the drying of grape clusters, and, thus, affecting grape quality and composition.

2022, Laura Martín, Blanca García-García, María del Mar Alguacil, “Interaction of the fungal community in the complex patho-system of Esca, a grapevine trunk disease”, in International Journal of Molecular Sciences, volume 23:

The typical foliar symptoms of the disease may appear on the foliage as tiger stripes, while the berries can show purple spots, cracks and drying up.

2023, Franceso Calzarano, Carmine Amalfitano, Leonardo Seghetti, Stefano Di Marco, “Effect of Different Foliar Fertilizer Applications on Esca Disease of Grapevine”, in Agronomy, volume 13, number 5:

(biology, agriculture) A pattern of brown stripes on leaves caused by fungal or other microbial infection.


open-field system

open-field system (plural open-field systems)

(agriculture, historical) The prevalent agricultural system in much of Europe during the Middle Ages, in which each manor or village had two or three large fields divided into narrow strips of land individually cultivated by tenants or serfs.


prick out

en-verb

prick out (third-person singular simple present pricks out, present participle pricking out, simple past and past participle pricked out)

pricks out (present singular third-person)
pricking out (participle present)
pricked out (participle past)
pricked out (past)

Before the time for sowing arrives consideration should be given to the question of what labour is available for pricking out the seedlings, and what accommodation can be provided for the protection of the plants in their later stages

1911, Thomas Smith, Profitable Culture of Vegetables:

(horticulture, transitive, intransitive) To separate (seedlings) growing together, for example into a different pot


EHD

epizootic hemorrhagic disease
epizootic hemorrhagic disease#English

(veterinary medicine, agriculture) Initialism of epizootic hemorrhagic disease.


dew-drink

(agriculture, historical) A portion of beer drunk before beginning the day's harvesting work.


hydrosprigging

(agriculture) The use of sprigs or cut stolons and rhizomes in a slurry of fertilizer, mulch, and binding agent, sprayed with a hose over a target area instead of planting.


specialty crop

(agriculture, broadly) Any of various crops cultivated for, or managed and gathered for, human use (in food, personal hygiene, medicine, or decoration) rather than as animal feed, fodder, or forage.

(agriculture, strictly) Any of a category of human-use crops that include "fruits and vegetables, tree nuts, dried fruits, horticulture, and nursery crops (including floriculture)"; "eligible plants must be cultivated or managed and used by people for food, medicinal purposes, and/or aesthetic gratification to be considered specialty crops."


row crop

(agriculture) A crop grown in rows; especially, a truck crop thus grown.


farm holder

Coordinate term: farmworker

Near-synonym: farmer


agricultural holder

en-noun

agricultural holder (plural agricultural holders)

(agriculture) An agriculturist who holds or owns a farm.


grow box

(horticulture) A partially or completely enclosed system for raising plants indoors or in small areas.


grow room

(horticulture) A room of any size where plants, sometimes illicit, are grown under controlled conditions.


hoghouse

It is a long recognized fact that a greenhouse roof admits the maximum amount of sunshine, but it is only recently that the sunlit hoghouse has been actually put into use. It has been conceded by leading stockmen that the best hoghouse is the one admitting the most sunlight, but it remained for the agricultural engineers of the Iowa State College to demonstrate the practicability of the greenhouse type of roof for the hoghouse.

1916 September, “Getting sunlight into the hoghouse”, in American Co-operative Journal, volume 12, number 1, page 60:

There is no building on the farm that needs ventilation any more than the type of hoghouse that is being built today. The pigs are not only suffering for fresh air but the temperature varies greatly, often getting too high, and the frost nuisance is worse in the hoghouse. We cannot expect to build a hoghouse warm, with walls and roof practically air tight, put aerators on top, and expect it to be ventilated.

1920 April, “Hoghouse ventilation”, in Extension Circulars, number 31: Farm Building Ventilation, South Dakota State College of Agriculture, page 9:

One Amish farmer, confronted with the problem of scours in his hogs, handled the problem in the following way. After first trying to save as many animals as he could, he then discontinued raising them in the hoghouse and instead turned his chickens loose in that building. He noted that the disease did not bother the chickens and that the "chicken bugs seemed to destroy the hog bugs." After about a year when he turned the chickens out and once again began to raise hogs in the hoghouse, the animals were no longer bothered with scours.

1975, Elmer Schwieder, Dorothy Schwieder, A Peculiar People: Iowa's Old Order Amish, Iowa State University Press, →ISBN, page 39:

(agriculture) A house (barn or shed) for hogs (pigs).


chop and drop

(horticulture) The practice of removing plants by cutting them down to the soil level, without removing the roots.


poultryhouse

I am going to give you a few ideas of poultryhouse construction that have been used by very successful poultrymen. I believed the idea of substituting a muslin front was the silliest thing I had ever heard, the first time it was suggested. But I tried the muslin curtains and to-day I believe that they offer the only solution of the problem of poultryhouse ventilation.

1913, John Jr Jeannin, “Poultryhouse construction and appliances”, in Twentieth Annual Report of the Department of Agriculture, for the Year Ending September 30, 1912, volume 1, State of New York Department of Agriculture, Part II, page 151:

I am building a poultryhouse this summer. — A.T.S., Portage Co., O. […] With so light a building as a poultryhouse to hold it down I would not think it advisable to build an eight-inch block wall in the rear of your poultryhouse. It would be much better to make a reinforced concrete wall […] F.W. Ives, Agricultural Engineer.

1922, Correspondents, “Concrete poultryhouse”, in The Ohio Farmer, volume 150, number 4, page 19:

Preventing disease outbreaks and maintaining a healthy flock must be two of the main objectives of every poultrykeeper. […] A poultryhouse — and [poultry] run if you have one — must be cleaned thoroughly every year.

1979, The New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, volume 139, page 68:

A house for poultry (avian livestock), usually for chickens.


dairy cake

dairy cake (countable and uncountable, plural dairy cakes)

dairy cake or meal

The production ration consisted of a mixture of bran, dried grains, protos, soya meal, and SBS dairy cake; 4 lbs. per gallon of milk. This also was a very suitable ration. It cost 24.88 pence per cow per day or 6.67 pence per gallon of milk. The lowest cost of feeding per cow per day (10.65 pence) refers to a herd of 14 Shorthorn cows averaging 16.07 lbs. of milk. The ration consisted of 10 lbs. tare and oat hay, 23 lbs. wet grains, 0.6 lbs. protos, 0.8 lbs Bibby dairy cake, and 0.6 lbs. maize gluten food. The cost of food per gallon of milk was 6.63 pence.

1924 March, G.H. Garrad, quotee, “Interim Report on Food Records, November 15, 1923, to February 1, 1924, by G.H. Garrad”, in The Dairyman: The Cowkeeper and Dairyman's Journal, volume 46, number 7, page 359:

The selection of suitable cakes and meals for the production ration will depend on prices and whether the home-grown foods with which they are to be blended are rich in protein or otherwise. Small farmers who have got only five or six cows may find it difficult to purchase a few hundredweights of several different foods, and they are justified, so long as the price is reasonable, in buying a well-balanced proprietary dairy cake or meal of a reputable firm that is beyond suspicion of using inferior ingredients. On the other hand, there is every reason why a large herd owner should avoid middlemen's profits by buying his feeding stuffs separately and making up his own mixture.

1926, G.H. Garrad, The Principles of Dairy-Farming (The Farmer And Stock Breeder Manuals), Ernest Benn Ltd, page 119:

On the journey home to milking, along the green lane to the farmstead, Christmas walked last. The other cows were purposeful, knowing dairy cake awaited them. Let nothing get in their way: they trotted. But Christmas dawdled in the lane, last, alone, safe from hustling, and enjoyed a feast of her choice [browsing on hedges].

1961, Adrian Bell, My Own Master, Faber and Faber, pages 224-225:

(agriculture, usually uncountable) A type of cattle cake formulated specifically to meet the nutritional requirements of dairy cows.


poshy

en-adj

poshy (comparative more poshy, superlative most poshy)

more poshy (comparative)
most poshy (superlative)

Plant shrubs and trees, deciduous or evergreen; but avoid a poshy state of the land, if it be binding or clayey.

1849, British Farmer's Magazine, number 16, page 461:

I prefer a deep, rich loam, neither clay nor sand, but what the plough boys call "poshy land," sticks to the plough […]

1877, Southern Cultivator, volume 35, page 306:

(agriculture, archaic) Of land: sticky, clayey, binding.


intensive agriculture

intensive farming
intensive farming#English

(agriculture) Synonym of intensive farming


intensive farming

(agriculture) An industrial approach to farming, characterized by a low fallow ratio and high use of inputs such as capital, labour, agrochemicals and water to extract higher crop yields per unit land area.

tehomaatalous

approach to farming involving high use of inputs for maximum yield


row up

en-verb

row up (third-person singular simple present rows up, present participle rowing up, simple past and past participle rowed up)

rows up (present singular third-person)
rowing up (participle present)
rowed up (participle past)
rowed up (past)

(agriculture) To dig rows for planting or to plant in rows


acquisition feeding time

(agriculture, botany, virology) The amount of time required for a successful acquisition of a virus by its vector for subsequent transmission, in which it then becomes viruliferous.


ploughbeam

(agriculture, British spelling) Wooden or metal bar that connects the shares of a plough to the yoke.


blockholder

A shareholder with noticeable voting power (particularly one who needs to report his 5 % under Schedule 13D)

[…] an extensive flaxmill in the neighbourhood increases the blockholder’s opportunities for obtaining employment and for selling his produce. Thus the settlement appears to be making progress, and the degrees of that progression on the various blocks are an instructive illustration on the difference in individuals having the same opportunities to secure success.

1891 April 28, W. Copley, M.L.C., Commissioner of Crown Lands, South Australia, “Report on the Village Homestead Special Settlement System in New Zealand.”, in Proceedings of the Parliament of South Australia: With Copies of Documents Ordered to be Printed, volume 2, Second Session of the Thirteenth Parliament, number 19, Adelaide: C.E. Bristow, Government Printer, North Terrace, page 11:

(Australia, New Zealand, historical) One who resides on a block of farmland assigned by the government for cultivation and, except for rates and taxes, exempt of seizure.


washpit

This washpit is supplied with water passing through an inlet channel cut from the rivulet at its higher level and outof the pit into the stream by an outlet channel lower down.

1893 June 3, “Rivers Pollution Act, 1876—Water flowing into stream from washpit for sheep—Remedy”, in Justice of the Peace, volume 57, number 22:

The footpath from Gilmorton village towards Lutterworth, which now enters Lutterworth road nearly opposite Gilmorton house, is described in the Award as to enter that road near the washpit, having to be made one field distant from, and parallel with that road, on the west side thereof.

1918, Martin Bloxsom, A History of the Parish of Gilmorton, in the County of Leicester, page 70:

All Crickway with ye rushy hades below Crickford and all long washpit lands and leas with all short washpit lands and all comon ground at ye upper end and costydean furlong straight from Ralph Jackson's for shooter of hanging woolbreach into costydean with costydean and all stanwell hill from ye nether side up to John Cave senior's land between John Bawcut's and Thomas Edward's land […]

1995, David Hall, The Open Fields of Northamptonshire, page 21:

(agriculture) An outdoor pit with water running through it, used to wash livestock.


reaper-binder

(agriculture) A type of harvester for grain crops that combines a reaper with a binder; it is now largely obsolete because combine harvesters have largely replaced it, but it remains in use in certain situations and communities in which it remains practically useful.


sheephouse

The sheep are afterwards driven into an unpastured adjoining meadow, and remain there (to prevent their soiling themselves in the sheephouse) a day and night, […]

1800, Transactions of the Dublin Society, page 198:

(agriculture) A roofed enclosure for sheep.


potting shed

A shed for gardening work and the storage of garden tools.


spiderette

(horticulture) A plantlet produced by the spider plant.


dairy milk

en-noun

dairy milk (countable and uncountable, plural dairy milks)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-dairy milk.wav

Milk (in the traditional sense; that is, that produced by a mammal); as opposed to plant milk aka non-dairy milk


thermoballing

Certain subspecies, such as Japanese honey bees, guard against hornets by "thermoballing."

2007 September 17, “Honey Bee Defense Leaves Hornets Breathless”, in Science:

Some honeybees have adapted to defend themselves from Asian giant hornets via thermoballing, which is when they surround the hornet and vibrate their muscles.

(Can we date this quote?), Helen Roy, “Asian hornet guide: how to identify, the difference from a native European hornet, and how to report a sighting”, in BBC Wildlife Magazine:

(beekeeping) An incident where honeybees surround a threat and cause it to die through high temperature.


pot on

en-verb

pot on (third-person singular simple present pots on, present participle potting on, simple past and past participle potted on)

pots on (present singular third-person)
potting on (participle present)
potted on (participle past)
potted on (past)

(transitive, horticulture) To move a potted plant to a larger, more suitable flowerpot.


dig over

dig over (third-person singular simple present digs over, present participle digging over, simple past and past participle dug over)

digs over (present singular third-person)
digging over (participle present)
dug over (participle past)
dug over (past)

(horticulture) To dig thoroughly through an area so as to loosen the soil and make it suitable for planting.


flex out

flex out (third-person singular simple present flexes out, present participle flexing out, simple past and past participle flexed out)

flexes out (present singular third-person)
flexing out (participle present)
flexed out (participle past)
flexed out (past)

(agriculture, intransitive, of corn plants) To respond to greater space availability by growing larger kernels (as opposed to growing at a consistent size no matter what, i.e. fixed-ear hybrids).


turn under

turn under (third-person singular simple present turns under, present participle turning under, simple past and past participle turned under)

turns under (present singular third-person)
turning under (participle present)
turned under (participle past)
turned under (past)

Unproductive soil should be turned under to help the soil for next season.

I don't think these will flower, so I will just turn them under.

(transitive, intransitive, agriculture, of plants or soil) To dig up and rebury in the same spot.


yellow off

yellow off (third-person singular simple present yellows off, present participle yellowing off, simple past and past participle yellowed off)

yellows off (present singular third-person)
yellowing off (participle present)
yellowed off (participle past)
yellowed off (past)

(agriculture, of plants turning yellow) To stop maturing prematurely and also usually die off.


chop out

chop out (third-person singular simple present chops out, present participle chopping out, simple past and past participle chopped out)

chops out (present singular third-person)
chopping out (participle present)
chopped out (participle past)
chopped out (past)

It's a machine to chop out cotton fields.

(agriculture, transitive) To thin out the planting density of cotton.


garden soil

en-noun

garden soil (countable and uncountable, plural garden soils)

(horticulture) Topsoil consisting of additional organic matter, such as compost, peat, or fertilizer.


cure down

en-verb

cure down (third-person singular simple present cures down, present participle curing down, simple past and past participle cured down)

cures down (present singular third-person)
curing down (participle present)
cured down (participle past)
cured down (past)

(transitive, agriculture) To cure tobacco leaves thoroughly by drying them to prepare them for use.


cure up

cure up (third-person singular simple present cures up, present participle curing up, simple past and past participle cured up)

cures up (present singular third-person)
curing up (participle present)
cured up (participle past)
cured up (past)

Leaves harvested late will cure up green.

(intransitive, agriculture, of tobacco leaves) To cure (undergo a chemical or physical process for preservation or use) in a particular color or area.


jarovize

jarovize (third-person singular simple present jarovizes, present participle jarovizing, simple past and past participle jarovized)

jarovizes (present singular third-person)
jarovizing (participle present)
jarovized (participle past)
jarovized (past)


creeper gear

So called because the vehicle creeps in the mechanical sense of that word: it moves very slowly, such that a person on foot can outwalk it, for example.

Near-synonym: low gear

(automotive, trucking, agriculture, heavy industry) The lowest gear on a vehicle: especially, a dedicated super-low gear, available in some trucks and tractors, that is even lower than the usual low gear, which is labeled as first gear.

trucking; heavy industry; trucking; heavy industry


lay system

They farmed this whole valley on the lay system back then, and the lord kept the horses and ploughmen busy.

(agriculture, archaic, especially British) A certain system of fallow farming with a certain crop rotation and rotation of arable and pasturage.


barley reel

(agriculture) A machine designed to remove wild oats from barley, wild oats from large tame oats, and pin oats from wheat.


barley scald

(botany, agriculture) A disease of barley caused by the fungus Rhynchosporium secalis.


barley smut

(botany, agriculture) A disease of barley caused by the fungus Ustilago nuda.

(botany, agriculture) A disease of barley caused by the fungus Ustilago hordei.


slap mark

(agriculture) An identifying tattoo applied to livestock by means of a tool (slap marker).


slap marker

(agriculture) A tool for applying slap marks to livestock, consisting of a pattern of pins attached to a long handle.


toft and croft

en-noun

toft and croft (plural tofts and crofts)

(history, agriculture) A smallholding consisting of cottage (the croft) with a small area of attached land (the toft).


water wand

(horticulture) A type of device that is screwed onto the end of a garden hose in order to reduce water pressure without decreasing the volume.


moriculture

From Latin morī, genetive of mōrus (“black mulberry tree”), + culture.

The Ming-Qing dynasties developed and spread the techniques of growing dwarf mulberry trees which facilitated leaf picking and favored leaf growing: moriculture became a proto-specialized activity.

2020, Mau Chuan-hui, “Sericulture and its Complementary: Wild Silk Production in China’s Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries”, in Seri-Technics, Max Planck Research Library for the History and Development of Knowledge, →ISBN:

(agriculture) The production of mulberry leaves to provide feed for silkworms.


Chelsea chop

So called because it coincides with the period of the Chelsea Flower Show.

(UK, horticulture, informal) The practice of pruning herbaceous plants around the end of May.


krishi

Our Rishi have had a great role to play in evolving our Krishi throughout India through the ages to make it region and area specific and sustainable not only to meet the people's essential needs […]

1998, The Indian Journal of Public Administration, page 245:


mortgage burner

mortgage burner (plural mortgage burners)

From the notion of burning the mortgage note (promissory note) after paying off the mortgage.

Hogs were a mortgage burner at the time; a new hoghouse could pay its way.

Tobacco was considered a mortgage burner in that day.

Are the changes in hog production beneficial? My general posture is no, although many will disagree. Perhaps there are some small savings in social costs — some economies of large scale production. My feeling is that these economies are more than offset by the impending loss of hogs as the "mortgage burner" for the young families getting started in farming. ¶ What brought this switch toward large volume hog operations? Economies of scale have been mentioned. In another paper, Glenn Grimes and I listed three "motivating factors" and five "enabling factors" for the structural shifts of the past 40 years in hog production.

1980, V. James Rhodes, “The Red Meat Food Chain: Horizontal Size and Vertical Linkages. Paper No. 1980-40”, in white paper archive, Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Missouri–Columbia, page 11:

B. Effect of the Rapid Expansion of Large Producers on Traditional Missouri Hog Producers ¶ Raising pigs has traditionally been called the "mortgage burner." With a small lot and a wooden shed, a young farmer could tend a few sows, sell the offspring, and make enough money to buy some cropland. As time went on, the hog income could buy a new truck and maybe send a child to college. Many smaller producers fear that the concentration of hog production will result in the loss of this important supplemental income. ¶ Will the demise of the family farm follow in the wake of this rapid expansion of huge hog facilities? That is the prediction of some experts.

1996, Jerome M. Organ, Kristin M. Perry, “Controlling Externalities Associated with Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Evaluating the Impact of H.B. 1207 and the Continuing Viability of Zoning and the Common Law of Nuisance”, in Missouri Environmental Law and Policy Review, volume 3, number 4, page 184:

When you ask Andrew Dickson about the possibilities for the pork industry in 2009 you get the feeling there is light at the end of the tunnel. Dickson is the General Manager of the Manitoba Pork Council and he says things look brighter than they did a year ago. ¶ “We entered 2008 with record high feed prices and low prices for our product,” says Dickson. “There were times in the year that there was absolutely no market for weanlings, so things look better than they did through the year.” ¶ […] He acknowledges that there are some operations that are surviving because the returns from the grain industry subsidized the hog operations, and he looks at it philosophically. ¶ “There were many times it went the other way,” he says. “People forget how much land hogs have paid for. They have been called the mortgage burner for a reason.” He does not expect a sector to stand on its own through all times. ¶ “The hog industry has provided a market for a lot of feed grains and it has a value because of it,” says Dickson.

2009 January 10, “A glimmer of light seen for hog industry in the new year”, in AgriPost (Manitoba):

(agriculture) A cash crop or choice of livestock regarded as the best bet for a smallholder farmer in some particular time and place.


Russian violet

The Russian Violet, formed to retain both tint and fragrance through the most biting severity of weather, gives me this lesson of hope; bringing also in its train many a recollection no less dear than are the anticipations it numbers.

1849, Charlotte Elizabeth, The Works of Charlotte Elizabeth - Volume 1, page 657:

The Russian violet is certainly one of the most delightful little flowers, and often comes at the most unpromising time of the year, but those who want to be always plucking violets should have all the leading varieties.

1850, Annals of Horticulture - Volume 5, page 221:

Those with which we are at present concerned are violets proper, and may be considered under three heads, viz. the common violet, V. odorata; the Russion violet, including the Czar and other like varieties; and lastly, the Neapolitan.

1875, “Violets”, in The Young Englishwoman, page 98:

An hour later we left the Colosseum, but not till we had heard that soaring voice again, vibrating in our very hearts, and saw the young cantatrice appear with a knot of Russian violets pinned upon the bosom which rose and fell in an ecstasy of song.

1899, Richard Savage, “Love's Legacy”, in Our Mysterious Passenger: And Other Stories, page 195:

Two packets of choice Russian Violet seed were then sown in friable soil, well sifted, and made rich with a bottom layer of old cow manure.

1904, Sarah Warner Brooks, A Garden with House Attached, page 70:

."And your Russian violets," I added. She looked at them hesitatingly, but slightly shrugged her shoulders, that were bare and gleamed in the half glow of lamp and fire like moonlight on silvered meadow, and, turning, looked up at me and said: "I am ready at last; pray pardon my long delay."

2019, Douglass Sherley, “Those Russian Violets”, in A Few Short Sketches:

(horticulture) A variety of violet, Viola suavis, noted for its hardiness and strong fragrance.


underprune

en-verb

underprune (third-person singular simple present underprunes, present participle underpruning, simple past and past participle underpruned)

underprunes (present singular third-person)
underpruning (participle present)
underpruned (participle past)
underpruned (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underprune.wav

(transitive, horticulture) To prune insufficiently.


low-growing

en-adj

low-growing (comparative lower-growing, superlative lowest-growing)

lower-growing (comparative)
lowest-growing (superlative)

(botany, horticulture) Of plants, that grow relatively close to the ground.


guerrilla gardening

Gardening where one does not have the rights to do so, often politically motivated.


turnplough

(agriculture) A type of plough that is designed to turn over the soil, often by the use of a mouldboard.


light plough

(agriculture) A simple plough lacking a moldboard and that is symmetrical on both sides of its draft line.


sodbuster plough

en-noun

sodbuster plough (plural sodbuster ploughs)

(agriculture) A type of plough specifically designed to break up tough, sod-like soil on the prairies, particularly in the American Midwest.


mouldboard plough

mouldboard plough (plural mouldboard ploughs)

(agriculture) A farm tool that is used to cut, lift, and turn soil for primary tillage operations.


Welsh Black

(agriculture) A cattle breed native to Wales, one of the oldest in Great Britain.


feering

(Scotland, agriculture) A furrow drawn out as a marker before ploughing a field.


mowhay

(Cornwall, agriculture) A place to store hay; a barn or stackyard.


agriculture minister

agriculture minister (plural agriculture ministers)

A cabinet minister or government official responsible for overseeing agriculture within a country.