honey plant

I have no doubt that where I live one thousand hives will provide for themselves and gather surplus honey wherever one can. It is not with honey plants, as with other pasturage, which once eaten off takes time and favoring showers to cause a new growth.

1863 September 12, Ellen S. Tupper, “Essay on Bees—1st Premium”, in Tenth Report of the Secretary of the State Agricultural Society, to the Governor of the State, for the Year 1863, Des Moines, Ia.: F. W. Palmer, state printer, published 1864, →OCLC, page 228:

[T]he only reason that buckwheat is considered valuable as a honey plant, is because it blooms generally in dry weather late in the fall, when the difference in the temperature between two o'clock in the day and two o'clock at night is sufficient to favor the production of honey.

1869 September, A. W. Harlan, “Honey Dews in the West and Southwest [From the Keokuk ‘Gate City.’]”, in Samuel Wagner, editor, American Bee Journal, volume V, number 3, Washington, D.C.: Samuel Wagner, →OCLC, page 47, column 1:

There was also another good honey plant that had lately come into notice in his section. The same described in the Bee Journal by him, that comes up in the fall and blooms the next spring, that was the best of honey plants for early spring.

1872, “Proceedings”, in Transactions of the North American Bee Keepers’ Society, at their First Annual Session Held at the City of Cleveland, on Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, December 6–8, 1872, Indianapolis, Ind.: Indianapolis Printing and Publishing House, →OCLC, topic no. 6 (What are the Best Honey Producing Plants?), page 13, column 1:

The lack of literature concerning the tulip-tree as a honey-plant is a serious one and the chief object of this bulletin is to make up this deficiency.

1922 January, E[verett] F[ranklin] Phillips, George S. Demuth, “Peculiarities of the Region”, in Beekeeping in the Tulip-tree Region (Farmers’ Bulletin; no. 1222), Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture, →OCLC, page 9:

But of late years plows and sheep have made sad havoc in these glorious pastures, destroying tens of thousands of the flowery acres like a fire, and banishing many species of the best honey-plants to rocky cliffs and fence-corners, […]

a. 1914, John Muir, “The Mountains of California”, in Nature Writings: The Story of My Boyhood and Youth; My First Summer in the Sierra; The Mountains of California; Stickeen; Selected Essays (Library of America; 92), New York, N.Y.: Library of America, published 1997, →ISBN, chapter XVI (The Bee-pastures), page 523:

HONEYSUCKLE—Lonicera spp.: […] This introduced, escaped shrub is strikingly overlooked as a major honey plant.

2009, Kim Flottum, “Some of the Better Honey Plants to Know”, in The Backyard Beekeeper’s Honey Handbook: A Guide to Creating, Harvesting, and Cooking with Natural Honeys (Backyard Series), Beverly, Mass.: Quarry Books, Quayside Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 48:

(beekeeping) Any plant from which bees usually collect nectar, pollen, or both for making honey.

hunajakasvi

any plant from which bees usually collect nectar, pollen, or both for making honey


parterre

Borrowed from French parterre (“on the ground”), from par (“on”) + terre (“ground”).

Brussels
Buckinghamshire
Cliveden
Parterre
Parterre (theater audience)
Taplow

The window opened towards a most lovely garden, whose smooth turf and gorgeous parterres swept down to the river.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Sir Robert Walpole and House”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 238:

(horticulture) A flowerbed, particularly an elevated one.

Parham House, near Pulborough in West Sussex, has a four-acre walled garden that was restored in the Twenties and has been maintained at a high level ever since. It is divided into four areas, one of which is filled by the cut-flower borders and a box-enclosed parterre. […] It is traditional in a parterre to mix flowers and veg, but this relaxed jungle of productive plants, packed in tight together, is lusher and more beautiful than the more usual Villandry style, where single or pairs of plants are used.

2015 August 29, Sarah Raven, “The stately home garden where you can pick-and-eat all summer [print version: Pick-and-eat planting for the modern parterre, page 5]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Gardening), archived from the original on 2015-09-03:

(horticulture) A garden with paths between such flowerbeds.

(theater) A part of the section of theater seats located on the ground floor, on the same level as the orchestra.

The part of the ground-floor section nearest the orchestra and the stage; the stalls.

(British) The part of the ground-floor section behind the stalls and underneath the galleries; the pit.

That was Selwyn's first encounter with the Ruthvens. A short time afterward at the opera Gerald dragged him into a parterre to say something amiable to one of the amiable débutante Craig girls—and Selwyn found himself again facing Alixe.

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter III, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:


truck garden

As the home house people (the industrious part of them at least) might want ground for their truck patches, they might, for this purpose, cultivate what would be cleared. But I would have the ground from the cross fence by the Spring, quite round by the Wharf, first grubbed, before the (above mentioned) is attempted.

1792 November 4, George Washington, The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources: 1745-1799, volume 32:

it is not strange that in the first years of our new life we began at the top instead of at the bottom; that a seat in Congress or the state legislature was more sought than real estate or industrial skill; that the political convention or stump speaking had more attractions than starting a dairy farm or truck garden.

1901, Booker T. Washington, chapter 14, in Up From Slavery: An Autobiography:

(chiefly US) Synonym of market garden, a garden whose produce is mostly intended for sale.


overgrazing

en-noun

overgrazing (countable and uncountable, plural overgrazings)

The law was intended to reduce overgrazing by cattle, but its impact would be to further curtail land for Africans.

1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, London: Abacus, published 2010, page 142:

Excessive grazing to an extent that the land is damaged.

過度放牧

excessive grazing to an extent that the land is damaged


windbreak

(agriculture) A hedge, fence or row of trees positioned to reduce wind damage to crops.

преграда срещу вятъра

hedge, fence or row of trees to reduce wind damage


double cropping

(agriculture) The practice of sequentially raising and harvesting a second (or third, or sometimes more) crop (usually vegetables) in the same field in a single growing season, especially in warmer climates such as California's Imperial Valley or the Rio Grande valley of Texas and Mexico.


plowman

From Middle English plowman, ploghmon, plouȝman, equivalent to plow + man. Compare Middle Dutch ploechman.

A cereal breeder's farmhands must be good plowmen.


herding

The whole flock is divided up into seven herdings (the equivalent of the Scottish "hirsels"), and it is through the head shepherd's herding that the only new blood is introduced. Every two or three years some rams are bought at Hawick […]


sulfurate

en-verb

sulfurate (third-person singular simple present sulfurates, present participle sulfurating, simple past and past participle sulfurated)

sulfurates (present singular third-person)
sulfurating (participle present)
sulfurated (participle past)
sulfurated (past)

(rare, agriculture) to spray/dust with sulfur


milker

From Middle English milkere, equivalent to milk + -er.

An animal, such as a dairy cow, kept for the milk it produces.


congest

For quotations using this term, see Citations:congest.

(Ireland, Scotland, agriculture, history) A farmer whose lands do not support him adequately.


espalier

Borrowed from French espalier, from Italian spalliera, from spalla (“shoulder”).

The garment stalls carried the traditional blue vine-dressers' outfits, sunhats, and the great willow pitchforks grown in espalier at villages like Sauve.

1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur, Faber & Faber, published 1992, page 223:

A latticework used to shape or train the branches of a tree or shrub into a two-dimensional ornamental or useful design, as along a wall or fence.


baler

Hank worked as a baler for Farmer Jones part time, to make ends meet.

A person who creates bales, either by operating or feeding such a machine, or by creating the bales by hand.


bobtail

(agriculture) A tractor which performs without its trailer.


bobtail

bobtail (third-person singular simple present bobtails, present participle bobtailing, simple past and past participle bobtailed)

bobtails (present singular third-person)
bobtailing (participle present)
bobtailed (participle past)
bobtailed (past)

2002. David Diamond. The Trucker & The Professor, Wired (magazine), Issue 9.12http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/9.12/sheffi.html?pg=2&topic=&topic_set=
He deposits his trailer at a Marten facility in nearby Stockton, and then drives without the trailer - that's called "bobtailing".

(agriculture) To drive a tractor without its trailer.


shocker

The mechanical shocker is attached to the ordinary binder by two tubular stays, the more important one passing from about the center of the bull wheel and supporting a chain and sprocket wheel which transmit the drive to the shocker.

1923, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of Experiment Stations, “Rural engineering”, in Experiment Station Record, volume 48, page 186:


shepherding

en-noun

shepherding (countable and uncountable, plural shepherdings)

I'd long believed that he was noticing more and more of my subtleties, and was growing ever more conscious of my secret shepherdings. Now he believes me safely out of the way, with all my power stripped.

2015, Libbie Hawker, House of Rejoicing:


cut-out

When the stray men have worked the herd, it is drove off a ways and turned loose. The calves in the cut-out groups are then branded and turned loose with their mothers; the strays are thrown into the stray herd or day herd.

1958, Fay E. Ward, The Cowboy at Work: All about His Job and How He Does It, with 600 Detail Drawings by the Author, New York, N.Y.: Hastings House, →OCLC, page 24:

(US, agriculture) The separation of a group of cattle from a herd; the place where they are collected.


germinate

en-verb

germinate (third-person singular simple present germinates, present participle germinating, simple past and past participle germinated)

germinates (present singular third-person)
germinating (participle present)
germinated (participle past)
germinated (past)

Latin germinātus, past participle of germināre (“to sprout”).

the Chalcites, which hath a Spirit that will put forth and germinate

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

Orchids rely on fungi to reproduce. Their tiny seeds don't have any on-board nutrients (like beans and apples) and will not germinate until they are infected by a symbiotic fungus which supplies them with food. Known as a protocorm, this tiny orchid-fungus ball grows, turns green and eventually starts to photosynthesise.

2014 April 5, “Quite interesting: A quietly intriguing column from the brains behind QI, the BBC quiz show. This week; QI orchids you not”, in The Daily Telegraph (Weekend), page W22:

[…] The flesh [of the mistletoe berry] is sticky, and forms strings and ribbons between my thumb and forefinger. For the mistletoe, this viscous goop – and by the way, viscous comes to English from viscum – is crucial. The stickiness means that, after eating the berries, birds often regurgitate the seeds and then wipe their bills on twigs – leading to the seeds' getting glued to the tree, where they can germinate and begin the cycle anew.

2014 December 23, Olivia Judson, “The hemiparasite season [print version: Under the hemiparasite, International New York Times, 24–25 December 2014, page 7]”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 2014-12-23:

(intransitive, botany, horticulture) Of a seed, to begin to grow, to sprout roots and leaves.


arboriculture

en-noun

arboriculture (usually uncountable, plural arboricultures)

/ɑːɹˈbɔːɹ.ɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/

/ɑːˈbɒɹ.ɪˌkʌlt͡ʃə/

From Latin arbor (“tree”) + cultūra (“tending”).

Merely external emancipation has made of the modern woman an artificial being, who reminds one of the products of French arboriculture with its arabesque trees and shrubs, pyramids, wheels and wreaths; anything, except the forms which would be reached by the expression of her own inner qualities.

1906, Emma Goldman, “The Tragedy of Woman’s Emancipation”, in Anarchism and Other Essays, New York: Mother Earth Publishing Association, published 1910, pages 220-221:

The small cat of the youngest Bull granddaughter scrambled up a tree, and was too scared to come down. […] The children danced and clapped their hands as the box was raised to the kitten, who sniffed at it, scowled, and turned her head to the study of arboriculture.

1943, Sinclair Lewis, chapter 32, in Gideon Planish, New York: Random House, pages 415–416:

The branch of horticulture concerned with the planting, growth, and maintenance of trees.

arboricultura

branch of horticulture concerned with the planting and growth of trees


weeder

Weeders are often the first barrier to entry into certain professional careers for students. The most famous example is being “weeded-out” of the pre-med track.

2024 September 16, Opinion Department, “TIAS | It’s Time to Weed Out Weeder Courses”, in The Cornell Daily Sun:

(education) Ellipsis of weeder class / weeder course.


NSM

(Australia, agriculture, of cattle) Initialism of not station mated


arability

(agriculture) The capacity for land to produce or support vegetation.

arúlacht

the capacity for land to produce or support vegetation


portulaca

(horticulture) Any of many tropical trailing herbs, of the genus Portulaca, having showy flowers


barton

From Old English bere (“barley”) + tūn (“place”).

There's the barton rich / With dyke and ditch / And hedge for the thrush to live in [...].

1816, John Keats, For there's Bishop's Teign:

So fair a fancy few would weave / In these years! Yet, I feel, / If someone said on Christmas Eve, / “Come; see the oxen kneel, / “In the lonely barton by yonder coomb / Our childhood used to know,” / I should go with him in the gloom, / Hoping it might be so.


pinching

Six varieties gave more shoots from the greater number of pinchings while three had more shoots when pinching was discontinued August 10.

1926, Bimonthly Bulletin of the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, page 139:

(horticulture) The act of pinching off new growth.


topsoil

topsoil (countable and uncountable, plural topsoils)

Little grew on the farm, after the floods from the hurricane washed away the topsoil.

Without urgent action, the majority of the Earth’s topsoil could be severely degraded or lost before the end of this century. In China, topsoil is being lost fifty-seven times faster than this natural replacement process; in Europe seventeen times faster.

2013, Al Gore, “Outgrowth”, in The Future: Six Drivers of Global Change, New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 183:

(horticulture) The upper layer of soil, typically most fertile and in which it is the easiest to start new plants.

表土

the most fertile soil, easiest to start new plants in


balling

balling (countable and uncountable, plural ballings)

Balling of queens seems to be relatively common in some strains of bee.

1986, Beowulf A. Cooper, Philip Denwood, The Honeybees of the British Isles, page 145:

The balling behaviour of workers has been explained by a "stress pheromone" hyphothesis: a disturbed queen produces a "stress pheromone" that stimulates an attack on her (balling) and her own death.

2013, Yaacov Lensky, Pierre Cassier, “Alarm Pheromones of the Queen and Worker Honey Bees”, in Avshalom Mizrahi, Yaacov Lensky, editor, Bee Products: Properties, Applications, and Apitherapy, page 152:

The poetic fancy of Maeterlinck who, while he admits that "bees are not sentimental," will not allow the possibility of individual disloyalty in the hive, attributes the balling of the queen to a law which "invests her person, whoever she be, with a sort of inviolability," and prohibits the direct assault of any one bee:.

2013, A Beekeeper's Guide to Rearing Queen Bees:

(beekeeping) An incident when worker bees surround a queen bee, usually leading to her death by suffocation or starvation.


tillering

tillering (countable and uncountable, plural tillerings)

(uncountable) The property of grass species to produce multiple side shoots or tillers.


ploughing

ploughing (usually uncountable, plural ploughings)

Coordinate term: harrowing

(agriculture) The breaking of the ground into furrows (with a plough) for planting.


barnyard

She always felt that eggs tasted better from barnyard chickens.

(agriculture) The yard associated with or surrounding a barn.


auricula

auricula (plural auriculae or auriculas)

Unadapted borrowing from Latin auricula (“external ear; ear”). Doublet of auricle.

ubor

Réné came on quietly, his trowel in one hand, some auricula roots in the other.

1919, Michael Wood, The White Island, page 122:

(horticulture, plural: auriculas) An ornamental primrose (Primula auricula)


milking

en-noun

milking (countable and uncountable, plural milkings)

From Middle English milkinge, mylkynge, equivalent to milk + -ing.

(informal) Male masturbation (or fellatio) that leads to the release of semen, especially when performed on a milking table.


outplant

en-verb

outplant (third-person singular simple present outplants, present participle outplanting, simple past and past participle outplanted)

outplants (present singular third-person)
outplanting (participle present)
outplanted (participle past)
outplanted (past)

(horticulture) To plant outdoors (after rearing in a greenhouse etc.).


scarify

scarify (third-person singular simple present scarifies, present participle scarifying, simple past and past participle scarified)

scarifies (present singular third-person)
scarifying (participle present)
scarified (participle past)
scarified (past)

From French scarifier, from Late Latin scarificāre, from Latin scarifāre (“to scarify”), from Ancient Greek σκαριφᾶσθαι (skariphâsthai, “scratch”), from σκάριφος (skáriphos, “writing, drawing, sketching”).

der

/ˈskɑː.ɹɪˌfaɪ/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-scarify.wav

(horticulture) To remove thatch (build-up of organic matter on the soil) from a lawn, to dethatch.

(horticulture) To damage the testa (seed coat) of a seed by cutting, scraping, chemicals, hot water, or fire to allow permeation of water and faster germination.


roughage

en-noun

roughage (countable and uncountable, plural roughages)

→ Hindi: रफ़ेज (rafej)

→ Urdu: رفیج (rafej)

From rough (“not smooth; crude, unrefined”) + -age (suffix forming nouns with the sense of appurtenance or collection).

suffix

Originally (archaic), garbage, rubbish, or waste; later (agriculture) the portions of a crop which are discarded, such as husks, stalks, etc.; also, agricultural waste such as weeds.

(agriculture) Coarse or rough plant material such as hay and silage used as animal fodder.

груб/твърд материал

coarse or rough plant material used as animal fodder


fieldwork

en-noun

fieldwork (countable and uncountable, plural fieldworks)

From Middle English *felde-werk (found in plural felde werkes), equivalent to field + work.

veldwerk

(agriculture) work done out in the fields

Besides the bookkeeping and marketing, there's a ton of fieldwork to get done this week.

en:agricultural work done outdoors in the fields

(uncountable, agriculture) Work done out in the fields as opposed to that done elsewhere on the farm (e.g., barn, house, outbuildings, office).


hedera

From the genus name Hedera, in turn from Latin hedera (“ivy”).

The American Ivy Society hewed closely to the theme, exhibiting only hederas that come from Ireland or have an Irish name.

2007 March 8, Jan Benzel, “Philadelphia Calls Off Winter for a Week”, in New York Times:

(horticulture) Any Old World ivy of the genus Hedera


dairymaid

Coordinate term: dairyman

But then I had the [massive] flintlock by me for protection. ¶[…]The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window[…], and a 'bead' could be drawn upon Molly, the dairymaid, kissing the fogger behind the hedge, little dreaming that the deadly tube was levelled at them.

1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:


slicker

From slick (“to smooth or make slick”) + -er.

A person who is perceived as clever, urbane and possibly disreputable. (abbreviation of city slicker.)


milch cow

From Middle English melche cow, mylche cowe.

(military, slang) A German WWII submarine designed to carry large cargoes of supplies and transfer them to other submarines.


seeder

(agriculture) A device used to plant seeds; a seed drill


sower

From Middle English sowere, from Old English sāwere; equivalent to sow + -er.


cattle station

(Australia) A large farm in Australia, (the equivalent of ranch), usually in the outback, whose main activity is the raising of cattle, and run by a grazier. In most cases the stations are in a rangeland context on pastoral leases. Many are larger than small countries.


steading

From Middle English steding (“place, farm”), from Middle English stede (“estate, property, holdings”), from Old English stede (“locality, place, site, position, station”).

der

She never seemed to want for siller; the house was as bright as a new preen, the yaird better delved than the manse garden; and there was routh of fowls and doos about the small steading, forbye a wheen sheep and milk-kye in the fields.

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

They said nothing further, but tramped on in the growing darkness, past farm steadings, into the little village, through the silent churchyard where generations of the Pallisers lay, and up the beech avenue that led to Northrop Hall.

1907 January, Harold Bindloss, chapter 1, in The Dust of Conflict, 1st Canadian edition, Toronto, Ont.: McLeod & Allen, →OCLC:

… authorized the Grant in Organization a new steading on our southernmost continent. With your permission, we intend to call it the Steading of Harrington, and I ask you to assume the office of its Steadholder for yourself and your heirs.

2002, David Weber, The Honor of the Queen, Reissue edition (Sci-fi), Baen Books, →ISBN:

A farmhouse and outer buildings such as barns, stables, cattle-sheds, etc.; a farmstead; a homestead, an onstead, an estate.


corn-factor

For years and years it had gone off in splendid style, as long as anyone could remember : even since Kate and Julia, after the death of their brother Pat, had left the house in Stoney Batter and taken Mary Jane, their own niece, to live with them in the dark, gaunt house on Usher's Island, the upper part of which they had rented from Mr Fulham, the corn-factor on the ground floor.

1904–1907 (date written), James Joyce, “The Dead”, in Dubliners, London: Grant Richards, published June 1914, →OCLC:

"My name is Henchard; ha'n't you replied to an advertisement for a corn-factor's manager that I put into the paper - ha'n't you come here to see me about it?"

1886, Thomas Hardy, chapter 7, in The Mayor of Casterbridge:


billhook

→ Irish: bileog

→ Welsh: bilwg

Earliest use in weapon (and later, agricultural) sense, bill (“a bladed pike”) + hook; other senses formed anew from various meanings of bill.

(ornithology) (written as bill hook) A sharply pointed spike growing from the tip of the upper mandible of the hatchlings of honeyguides, used to destroy the eggs and kill the chicks of the host species.


sustainable development

en-noun

sustainable development (countable and uncountable, plural sustainable developments)

(agriculture, ecology) Development which seeks to produce sustainable economic growth while ensuring future generations' ability to do the same by not exceeding the regenerative capacity of nature.

davamlı inkişaf

development seeking to economic growth while ensuring future generations' ability to do the same, by not exceeding natural regenerative capacity


slash and burn

His slash and burn approach to management resulted in few friends and many enemies.

Rough, coarse and lacking finesse, performed with little skill.


botanical garden

botanical garden (plural botanical gardens)

A place where a variety of plants are grown, primarily for scientific or educational reasons, but are normally open to the public, and include ornamental plants from around the world.

حَدِيقَة نَبَاتِيَّة

a place where a variety of plants are grown for scientific reasons


oast

From Middle English ost, from Old English āst (“a kiln”), from Proto-Germanic *aistaz (“kiln”), from *aisǭ (“fire”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“to burn; fire”). Cognate with Dutch eest (“kiln”), Middle Low German eiste (“kiln”), Latin aedes (“house; hearth”), Old English ād (“fire; funeral pyre”).

inh

(British) A kiln for drying tobacco, malt and especially hops.

eest

a kiln for drying tobacco, malt and especially hops


hop garden

On leaving Wye, we find the country changing character; the Downs come closer to the line, and grazing gives way to orchards and hop-gardens, with pleasant farm buildings, including oasthouses, another characteristic Kentish sight.

1952 July, A. W. V. Mace, “The Ashford, Canterbury, and Ramsgate Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 436:

The line is now well into the Wealden hills. Running along the Teise valley, the slopes of which are covered in hop gardens, it falls at gradients of 1 in 106 and 213 to Goudhurst, 6⅜ miles out, [...].

1960 March, H. P. White, “The Hawkhurst branch of the Southern Region”, in Trains Illustrated, page 172:

(agriculture, British) A field, fields or farm where hops are grown.


beekeeping

The practice or profession of keeping and caring for bees.


twibill

From Middle English twibill, from Old English twibill, from twi- (“double”) + bill (“edge, blade”), see also billhook.

(dialectal, England) A reaping hook, especially for cutting beans and peas.


beek

Audio (US)


apiculture

The keeping and maintenance of bees for commercial reasons.


agritainment

Blend of agriculture + entertainment. By surface analysis, agri- + [enter]tainment.

surf

(US) The promotion of farms as places to visit for entertainment (e.g. tractor rides, corn mazes).


whipstitch

(agriculture) Half-ploughing or raftering.


whipstitch

en-verb

whipstitch (third-person singular simple present whipstitches, present participle whipstitching, simple past and past participle whipstitched)

whipstitches (present singular third-person)
whipstitching (participle present)
whipstitched (participle past)
whipstitched (past)


string trimmer

/ˌstɹɪŋ ˈtɹɪmə/

/ˌstɹɪŋ ˈtɹɪmɚ/

(horticulture) A powered, hand-held garden implement that uses a rotating monofilament line to cut grass, etc., without damaging other objects.


guajiro

From Spanish guajiro, from Lokono/Wayuu.


farm worker

A person who works on, but does not own, a farm; an agricultural labourer / agricultural laborer.


agritourism

By surface analysis, agri- + tourism. Possibly borrowed from or influenced by Romance cognates, such as Italian agriturismo, which may be attested earlier.

A form of tourism in which tourists stay in farms or agricultural villages, either to experience farm life, or as a base for exploring the countryside


agriturismo

(count) A place of agritourism accommodation; a farm that offers tourists lodging as one of its lines of business.


seed corn

(agriculture) Seed that is saved from one year's harvest for the subsequent year's planting, rather than being used to make flour etc.


cover crop

Any of several crops planted between others in order to prevent erosion and to improve soil quality (especially by adding nitrogen); often plowed into the soil as a green manure at the end of its season.


dairy farming

A class of animal husbandry enterprise producing dairy products.


firestick farming

Coined by Welsh-Australian archaeologist Rhys Jones in "Fire-Stick Farming" (Australian Natural History, vol. 16, iss. 7, p. 224, September 1969).

coinage

A traditional practice of the Aboriginal people of Australia whereby areas of bushland or other vegetation would be deliberately set on fire at various times in order to promote new growth.


dairying

déiríocht

the business of owning and operating a dairy


polyculture

en-noun

polyculture (countable and uncountable, plural polycultures)

(agriculture) The planting of two or more crops in the same place.


disbud

en-verb

disbud (third-person singular simple present disbuds, present participle disbudding, simple past and past participle disbudded)

disbuds (present singular third-person)
disbudding (participle present)
disbudded (participle past)
disbudded (past)

(horticulture) To remove buds from a plant in order to promote growth and health in the remaining buds.


smallholder

[…] planters and smallholders alike controlled far more than their equitable share of the political power and economic resources in their communities. Because small slaveholders aspired to be planters, they did not often align themselves with the political and economic interests of nonslaveholders.

2003, Wilma P. Dunaway, Slavery in the American Mountain South, page 9:

(US, historical) A small slaveholder: a person who owns a smallholding (small plantation with slavery).


smallholding

[…] the larger plantations implemented different crop choices, surveillance strategies, and labor management practices than did smallholdings.

2003, Wilma P. Dunaway, Slavery in the American Mountain South, page 8:

(US, historical) A small plantation or land with a small number of slaves (generally 19 or less). Contrasted with middling plantation (20–49 slaves) and large plantation (50+ and owned by planters).


wynd

From Middle English wynde, probably from wynden (“to wind, proceed, go”). Compare also Old English ġewind; Old Norse venda.

This was then used as the base for the cocks of hay, or wyndes as we called them. […] A piece of hay with its ends firmly embedded in the base of the wynde was wound around the hay twine and knotted with it. The ball of twine was then thrown across the wynde and tied at the other side in the same way, and this process was repeated crossways.

1988, Alice Taylor, To School Through the Fields: An Irish Country Childhood, Brandon Ltd, →ISBN, pages 80–81:


pollard

pollard (third-person singular simple present pollards, present participle pollarding, simple past and past participle pollarded)

pollards (present singular third-person)
pollarding (participle present)
pollarded (participle past)
pollarded (past)

From poll (“head, scalp”) + -ard. The coin sense derives from the original penny's uncrowned obverse bust, as opposed to the laurel-wreathed form appearing on the rosary. The verb derives from the noun.

I didn't know one could pollard elms. I thought one only pollarded willows.

1910, Edward Morgan Forster, chapter 11, in Howards End:

As well as coppicing, other trees were pollarded, or lopped about 6 ft up the trunk so that the resulting growth was beyond the reach of grazing animals. Pollarding lengthens the life of trees, and the frequently made estimate '1,000 years old' could well be true of some sturdy old trunks.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 118:

Cutting back to the same position annually is usually referred to as pollarding; cutting nearly to the ground is usually called stooling. Both are good methods of controlling height and maintaining vigor on plants that would normally grow to a large size.

2011, Edward F. Gilman, An Illustrated Guide to Pruning, 3rd edition, Clifton Park, N.Y.: Delmar, Cengage Learning, →ISBN, page 411:

I walked up the path, passing under a heavily pollarded oak.

2019, Ian McEwan, Machines Like Me, Jonathan Cape, page 287:

(horticulture) To prune a tree heavily, cutting branches back to the trunk, so that it produces dense new growth.


hydromel

en-noun

hydromel (countable and uncountable, plural hydromels)

Borrowed from Latin hydromel, hydromeli, from hydro- (from Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr, “water”)) + mel (“honey”).

Mead, especially one of low alcohol content.


agri-food

agri-food (countable and uncountable, plural agri-foods)

/ˈæɡɹiˌfuːd/

The Liberal statement does draw attention to its potential future agenda, namely, fisheries, forestry, agri-food, and mining, all resource-based sectors.

1982, G. Bruce Doern, How Ottawa Spends Your Tax Dollars: National Policy and Economic Development, 1982, James Lorimer & Company, →ISBN, page 21:

2007, F. Scala, A. Raio, A. Zoina, and M. Lorito, "Biological Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases with Fungal and Bacterial Antagonists: Trichoderma and Agrobacterium", chapter 7 of S. B. Chincholkar and K. G. Mukerji (eds.), Biological Control of Plant Diseases, Haworth Press, →ISBN, page 177,
Sales of organic products have increased dramatically in recent years (for instance, in Europe), and organic farming is the fastest-growing sector of agriculture and an important point in the EU agri-food policy.

(chiefly Canada, also US and Ireland, Australia) The business of producing food agriculturally (as opposed to through hunting, fishing, gathering, and so on); food so produced.


keiki

(horticulture) young plant in orchids that develops on the shoot in place of flower after flowering


thinning

The trimming, pruning and thinning must be managed with care. Some need more thinning than others.

1881, Indiana State Board of Agriculture, “Forestry”, in Annual Report of the Indiana State Board of Agriculture, page 232:

(agriculture, forestry) Process of removing plants or parts of plants to facilitate the growth of other plants

but with a suitable mixture of early and late maturing kinds, the young hickories, ashs and larches can be utilized as thinnings, at a profit. In estimating the value of the thinnings upon the basis of Prof. Sargent's estimate of the acreage yield of hoop poles from hickory plantations,

1878, Wisconsin State Horticultural Society, “Trees for the roadside and farm”, in Annual report of the Wisconsin State Horticultural Society, page 59:

(agriculture, forestry) Wood, leaves, or other plant parts removed during the process of thinning


prilled

Availability of NH₄⁺ N in the surface soil (0-15 cm) was initially lower from deep-placed USG compared with prilled urea split and neem-coated urea, but increased up to 45 d after transplanting (Patel et al 1989).

1998, S. K. Mohanty, U. Singh, V. Balasubramanian, K. P. Jha, “Nitrogen placement technologies for productivity, profitability, and environmental quality of rainfed lowland rice system”, in V. Balasubramanian, J. K. Ladha, G. L. Denning, editors, Resource Management in Rice Systems: Nutrients, page 61:

(mining, manufacturing and agriculture) formed into pellets


hilling

hilling (usually uncountable, plural hillings)

the hilling of potatoes

(horticulture) The act or process of heaping up earth around plants.


marling

An application of marl to the soil, to aid agriculture.


agropastoral

based upon agriculture and the rearing of sheep


earlet

(agriculture) A grain-bearing tip part of the stem of a cereal plant which is not fully developed or a small one.


riving

(historical, agriculture) A strip of a townfield.


stone mulching

First entered wide use following the publication of Stone Mulching in the Garden by J.I. Rodale in 1949.

"My old roommate Erin Lee and I were first taught stone mulching by Ruth Hanner up in her Köke'e garden on Kaua'i. She had been taught this technique as a young farmer's wife in Peru."

2005, Heidi Leianuenue Bornhorst, Growing Native Hawaiian Plants, →ISBN, page 14:

"In experiments, stone mulching decreases soil water evaporation, protects against wind and rain erosion, and reduces daily temperature fluctuation."

2007, Jared Diamond, “Easter Island Revisited”, in Science, 317(5845), page 1693:

(horticulture) The practice of covering plant roots with stone, in the manner of a mulch.


regrowing

(agriculture, ecology) The self-cultivation of vegetables by city dwellers, using flower pots and windowsills, growing them from roots, cuttings, and scraps, for recycling and sustainable living.


laddering

laddering (countable and uncountable, plural ladderings)

ploughings and ladderings

(agriculture, countable) A process of soil compaction that serves to break up clods and level a field.


winter-hained

(agriculture) Of pasture: having livestock removed from it so that it may recover from grazing.


interplant

the patented machine functions to deposit the plants onto the field at only one fixed spatial relationship whereby the machine cannot accommodate different crops and/or different growing conditions wherein different interplant spacings might be required.

1977, Lawrence L. Ingram et al., "Transplanting apparatus," US Patent 4104975, page 8


interplant

en-verb

interplant (third-person singular simple present interplants, present participle interplanting, simple past and past participle interplanted)

interplants (present singular third-person)
interplanting (participle present)
interplanted (participle past)
interplanted (past)

The most extensive of these field tests was conducted in a 5-acre young apple orchard temporarily interplanted, as is frequently the custom, with peach trees.

1931, Wendell H. Tisdale, "Insect Repellent," US Patent 2205232 http://www.google.com/patents?id=JFplAAAAEBAJ, page 4

(agriculture) To alternate plantings of two or more species.


citrus greening

A plant disease afflicting citrus trees, caused by the bacterium Liberibacter asiaticus and carried by a psyllid vector.


cash crop

So the matter rested until the Cranbrook & Paddock Wood Company was incorporated on August 8, 1877, appropriately displaying a bunch of hops on its seal, for these had become the principal cash crop in the area.

1960 March, H. P. White, “The Hawkhurst branch of the Southern Region”, in Trains Illustrated, page 170:

(agriculture) A crop that is grown for sale rather than for personal food or for feeding to livestock.


green gold

(informal) A valuable agricultural crop.


agroindustry

en-noun

agroindustry (countable and uncountable, plural agroindustries)

In the seventeenth century, the strategy for sugar production, a labor-intensive agro-industry, was to keep the manpower cost down through slavery.

The agricultural activity of an area viewed as an industrial sector of the economy.


summer fallow

Land uncropped and plowed, etc., during the summer, in order to pulverize the soil and kill the weeds.


brown bagging

(agriculture) The agricultural practice of planting seed saved from the farmer's own harvest, as opposed to buying new seed from a seed company.


deadman

From dead + man. In the sense referring to a safety switch, the notion of an operator who is dead is the figurative archetype representing any incapacitation, absence, or inattention. See also Dead Hand in that regard.

[...] a Brown-Boveri deadman's control; [...].

1962 April, “Beyond the Channel: Western Germany: The Henschel 4,000 h.p. V320 diesel”, in Modern Railways, page 274:

(rail transport, manufacturing, agriculture, safety equipment) A cutout device that operates in the event that an operator releases the control handles, leaves the operator's seat, or otherwise seems to be no longer present and alert.


glyphosate

glyphosate (countable and uncountable, plural glyphosates)

Two-thirds of Europeans support a ban on glyphosate, the most widely used agricultural chemical in the world’s history, according to a new Yougov poll.

2016 April 11, Arthur Neslen, “Two-thirds of Europeans support ban on glyphosate - poll”, in The Guardian:

France led the opposition to allowing the use of glyphosate, the main ingredient in Monsanto’s Roundup and in weed killers made by other companies.

2017 November 27, Danny Hakim, “Glyphosate, Top-Selling Weed Killer, Wins E.U. Approval for 5 Years”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(organic chemistry) N-phosphonomethyl glycine, the active ingredient of several herbicides that inhibit a plant growth enzyme.

Any of several herbicides based on it, such as Roundup.


agrometeorology

The branch of meteorology that studies the effect of weather and climate on agriculture

агрометеороло́гия

branch of meteorology dealing with agriculture


acre foot

(US, engineering, agriculture) A unit of measure, used for volumes of water, equal to one acre times one foot (that is, to the amount of water required to cover one acre of land to a depth of one foot), which is 43,560 cubic feet, 325,851 gallons, 1,233 cubic meters.


meeker

en-verb

meeker (third-person singular simple present meekers, present participle meekering, simple past and past participle meekered)

meekers (present singular third-person)
meekering (participle present)
meekered (participle past)
meekered (past)

After the field has been meekered it looks like it had been gone over with a garden rake, all clods having been cut or crushed and as level as a floor.

1918, Report of the Iowa State Horticultural Society, page 333:

I did not think it was necessary for all of you realize that your ground should be plowed, disked, harrowed, and meekered for a good seed bed.

1943, Ohio Vegetable and Potato Growers Association, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting:

The area was plowed on May 10, 1977, disked on May 15 and meekered and harrowed on May 23 and 27.

1978, Ezuddin Sultan Mohammed, Early competition between redroot pigweed and tomato, page 51:

(agriculture) To break up and smooth soil with a harrow.


muckology

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-muckology.wav

(rare, humorous, agriculture slang) The "science" of mucking around in cow manure.


stocker

When sheep are shipped as stockers from the ranges, the numbers are such usually as to admit of grading the animals before they are shipped.

1914, Thomas Shaw, Management and Feeding of Sheep, Orange Judd Co., page 361:

The production of stockers and feeders should be confined to those parts of the country where the larger part of the land cannot be plowed profitably, and grass is the principal crop.

1918, Frank Duane Gardner, Live Stock and Dairy Farming, The John C. Winston Company, page 53:

All feeder calves wintered and sold in the spring are stockers, whether they go to grass or to the feedlot.

1988, Beef: Stocker Cattle, Clemson University, page 1:

Will you keep those calves as feeders or only as stockers?

(agriculture) Livestock that is wintered and then sold in the spring; often contrasted with a feeder when the focus is on intended disposition.


zootechny

en-noun

zootechny (countable and uncountable, plural zootechnies)

The science and technology of animal husbandry


antitranspirant

(botany, horticulture) Reducing transpiration in plants.


antitranspirant

(botany, horticulture) A substance applied to plant leaves to reduce transpiration.

antitranspirante

a substance applied to plant leaves to reduce transpiration


market garden

Descending a narrow tree-lined lane the carriage passed into a leisurely winding road, bounded by market-gardens and the River Val.

1919, Ronald Firbank, Valmouth, Duckworth, hardback edition, page 5

(chiefly UK) A garden whose produce is mostly intended for sale.

horta

a garden in which vegetables are raised for sale at a market

pleasure ground

section of a large garden not intended for edible plants

vegetable garden

garden or section of garden for edible plants intended for personal or household use

orchard

farm, garden, or section of garden for trees bearing edible fruit


free-range

While I have not found corroboration for King's claim, Ivy and Bean series author Annie Barrows has acknowledged that there is a delicate balancing act involved in representing free-range children today

2015, Jennifer Miskec, Annette Wannamaker, The Early Reader in Children’s Literature and Culture, →ISBN:

(figurative) Allowed to move about outdoors without supervision.


tankage

tankage (countable and uncountable, plural tankages)

(agriculture) Waste matter from tanks, especially the dried nitrogenous residue from tanks in which fat has been rendered, used as a fertilizer.


flooder

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-flooder.wav

If this first catch-water is to be employed at any time as a flooder, the upper edge of its bank must be carefully trimmed to the level; but I believe, on the whole, it will be more advisable to make a separate flooder immediately below, which may be cut at the exact level by means of the plumb rule, to the depth of one, and width of two feet; with an outlet from the catch-water at every five or ten Irish chains.

1814, The Fourth Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Enquire into the Nature and Extent of the Several Bogs in Ireland and the Practicability of Draining and Cultivating Them, page 35:

When we got the water raised to a sufficient height, we formed a main conducting flooder along the head of the ridges, and made small feeders from it to conduct the water occasionally into each ridge.

GARDEN FLOODER is a lawn and garden irrigating device that allows flooding of large areas without excessive runoff, erosion or evaporation. Made of polyethylene, the flooder is designed so that water flow is slowed without greatly reducing the volume.

1965, Science News - Volumes 87-88, page 336:

(agriculture) A channel or device for carrying and controlling water used in flood irrigation.


battery cage

(agriculture) A small cage in which a hen is kept to lay eggs.


aphicide

(agriculture) Any pesticide intended to kill aphids


food crop

2008 April 15, Terry Wade, “As other staples soar, potatoes break new ground” (news article), Reuters,
The potato is already the world's third most-important food crop after wheat and rice. Corn, which is widely planted, is mainly used for animal feed.

A crop raised for human consumption, such as wheat or rice.


duplet

(beekeeping, archaic) An empty box placed above the existing boxes of the beehive in order to allow the colony to expand or store additional honey.


windboard

The platform grain shield and the windboard at rear of the binder deck will assist in making better bundles and prevent scattering of grain, if properly adjusted for long or short straw.

1935, Deere & Company, The Operation, Care, and Repair of Farm Machinery, page 114:

(agriculture) In a mechanical harvester, a board which shelters harvested grain and prevents it being blown away by the wind.


crop rotation

crop rotation (countable and uncountable, plural crop rotations)

(agriculture) A farming practice in which the same land is used to grow different crops in successive seasons or years (when once the land would have been left fallow); used to prevent erosion and increase fertility.


cultigen

From culti(vated) + -gen or from Latin cultus (“cultivated”) + gēns (“kind”). Coined by American botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey in 1918.

(botany, horticulture) A plant that has been deliberately altered or selected by humans, that is it has resulted from artificial rather than natural selection.


wheatfield

Coordinate term: cornfield

A field of wheat; a plot of land planted with wheat.


mariculture

mariculture (usually uncountable, plural maricultures)

From Latin mare, maris (“sea”) + culture.

muirshaothrú

seawater aquaculture of fish or other sea creatures


agroforestry

agroforestry (usually uncountable, plural agroforestries)

An agricultural approach of using the interactive benefits from combining trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock.

agroforesterie

approach combining trees and agriculture


splice grafting

(horticulture) A method of grafting by cutting the ends of the scion and stock completely across and obliquely, in such a manner that the sections are of the same shape, then lapping the ends so that the one cut surface exactly fits the other, and securing them by tying or otherwise.


cleft grafting

(horticulture) a method of grafting in which the scion is placed in a cleft or slit in the stock or stump made by sawing off a branch, usually in such a manner that its bark evenly joins that of the stock.


FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization
w:Food and Agriculture Organization

(UN) Initialism of Food and Agriculture Organization.


requeen

en-verb

requeen (third-person singular simple present requeens, present participle requeening, simple past and past participle requeened)

requeens (present singular third-person)
requeening (participle present)
requeened (participle past)
requeened (past)

Requeening means changing the queen of a colony, either to secure better stock, or to replace a queen which...cannot furnish the eggs necessary to the development of a normal colony.

1917 Dadant, C. P., First Lessons in Beekeeping; revised & rewritten edition, 1968, by M. G. Dadant and J. C. Dadant, p 93

(beekeeping) To change or replace the queen bee of a colony of bees.


propago

(horticulture) A layer or branch laid down to root


autocide

en-noun

autocide (countable and uncountable, plural autocides)

Generally, autocide is most effective when applied to restricted populations (islands, etc.), but can be effective on parts of continents.

1975, Dennis S. Hill, Agricultural Insect Pests of the Tropics and Their Control, 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 22:

(agriculture) Control of a pest through propagation of sterile males.


disbudding

disbudding (countable and uncountable, plural disbuddings)

(agriculture) Removal of superfluous bud growths from a plant, done to encourage more robust growth of the fruit.


stooker

A person (e.g., smallholder, farm laborer) who gathers sheaves into stooks (shocks).

A piece of mechanized farm equipment that does such a job, such as a bale stooker behind a baler or a sheaf stooker behind a binder (the latter type is largely obsolete).


haymaker

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-haymaker.wav

From Middle English heymakere; equivalent to hay + maker.

A long rank of haymakers—men and women—proceeded with their rakes, the white shirt-sleeves, straw bonnets, and ruddy faces, radiant in the bath of sunshine.

1853, Charlotte M. Yonge, chapter 7, in The Heir of Redclyffe:

(agriculture) A person or machine which harvests or prepares tall grass for use as animal fodder.


kolkhoz

From Russian колхо́з (kolxóz), contraction of коллекти́вное хозя́йство (kollektívnoje xozjájstvo, “collective farm, household”).

And books were demanded of them, books on Russia, on sailors, on aeroplanes, on scientists, on metro-workers, on kolkhoz labourers, on women and schoolchildren and parachute heroes.

2013, Lucy Renner Jones, translating Annemarie Schwarzenbach, Death in Persia, Seagull Books 2013, p. 21

(historical) A farming collective in the former Soviet Union.


fastigiate

en-adj

fastigiate (comparative more fastigiate, superlative most fastigiate)

more fastigiate (comparative)
most fastigiate (superlative)

From Latin fastigiatus (“peaked”), from fastigium (“peak”).

This is a fastigiate variety.

(botany, horticulture) Having closely-bunched erect parallel branches


fastigiate

An evening spent with a good catalogue or gardening encyclopaedia will reveal an astonishingly wide range of both weepers and fastigiates.

1971, Anne Scott-James, Osbert Lancaster, Down to Earth, published 2004, →ISBN, page 23:

(horticulture) A tree or shrub with erect, parallel branches.


mallee

Probably borrowed from Wemba-Wemba mali; compare Woiwurrung mali.

mallee ringneck

Australian ringneck; Barnardius zonarius

The ecology of much Western Australian mallee is poorly understood, so only a few general points can be made here. Mallee dominated by eucalypts including Eucalyptus redunca and E. eremophilia is mapped as widespread (Beard, 1975) on areas of brown calcareous earths north of Esperance (Northcote et al., 1967).

1994, R. F. Parsons, “Eucalyptus Scrubs and Shrublands”, in R. H. Groves, editor, Australian Vegetation, 2nd edition, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 301:

Large areas of mallee shrublands are now either reserved specifically for biodiversity conservation or else managed sympathetically. Fire is a prominent feature of the semi-arid lands in general and the mallee shrublands in particular.

2002, Ross A. Bradstock, Janet S. Cohn, “Fire Regimes and Biodiversity in Semi-arid Mallee Ecosystems”, in Ross A. Bradstock, Jann E. Williams, A. Malcolm Gill, editors, Flammable Australia: The Fire Regimes and Biodiversity of a Continent, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 238, column 2:

(Australia) A type of scrubland with low-growing thick eucalypts, characteristic of certain parts of Australia.

Although not totally destitute of animal life, in the summer season very few living creatures, beyond innumerable tribes of insects, are to be found within the Mallee.

1867 December, A. M., “Lost in the Mallee”, in The Colonial Monthly; an Australian Magazine, volume I (New Series), number 4, Melbourne, Vic.: Clarson, Massina, & Co., […]; Sydney: Gibbs, Shallard, & Co., published 1868, →OCLC, page 305:

'They're going to lynch you, Regerson,' Harry told him, grinning. 'You'd better take to the mallee before they come for you.'

1958, E. O. Schlunke, The Village Hampden: Stories, Sydney, N.S.W.: Angus & Robertson, →OCLC:

It made no difference that he had also invented several ploughs and a device for grubbing Mallee country or that people had journeyed all the way from Melbourne to inspect them.

1985, Peter Carey, chapter 4, in Illywhacker, London: Faber and Faber, published 2003, →ISBN, page 365:

(Australia) Any semi-desert region of Australia where such scrub is the predominant vegetation.

An immense tract of country in this district is entirely occupied by a "scrub," as it is called in Colonial language, consisting of the mallee plant, Eucalyptus dumosa, the leaves of which at certain seasons become covered with this species of manna, which is known to the natives by the name of Lerp, the l being pronounced like the Italian gl.

1851 January, Thomas Anderson, “On a New Species of Manna from New South Wales. [...] (From the Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal for July, 1849.)”, in Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Van Diemen's Land, volume I, part III, [Hobart], Tasmania: [Royal Society of Van Diemen's Land]; sold by Walch & Son, […]; Henry Dowling, […], →OCLC, pages 242–243:

The water-yielding Eucalyptus is one of the many species which pass under the name of Eucalyptus Dumosa, extending from the desert tributaries of the Murray, westward, as far as Swan River, constituting those almost impenetrable scrubs called Malleè.

1859, John Cairns, “Art. V.—On the Weir Malleè, a Water-yielding Tree, the Bulrush, and Porcupine Grass of Australia. … [Read before the Institute, 16th June, 1858.]”, in John Macadam, editor, Transactions of the Philosophical Institute of Victoria, volume III, Melbourne, Vic.: Philosophical Institute of Victoria, →OCLC, page 32:

From the mallee and kurrajong trees came a rowdy chatter of parakeets, while queer soughing of air-currents came from the valley top.

1931, Ion L. Idriess, Lasseter's Last Ride, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 187:

It was almost dark by the time we reached a small rocky hill, its boulders bursting with the white plumes of spinifex in flower, and a black fuzz of leafless mallee bush.

1987, Bruce Chatwin, The Songlines, Vintage, published 1998, page 104:

(Australia) Any of several low-growing eucalypts characteristic of such scrubland, especially Eucalyptus dumosa, Eucalyptus oleosa, and Eucalyptus socialis.

[page 1-4, section 1.3] Of the many variations in form of the Eucalyptus (shrubs, mallees, trees, etc.), virtually all species being tested in the above category are those which exhibit good tree form (e.g., height, straightness of trunk, etc.). […] [page 2-1, section 2.2] Shrubby eucalypts are usually referred to as "mallees" although the term strictly applies to those species which have many stems growing from an enlarged rootstock (lignotuber).

1978 June, Eliseo O. Mariani, Warren A. Wood, Paul C. Kouchoukos, Mary Beth Minton, Marelco, Inc., “Introduction” and “The Eucalypts”, in The Eucalyptus Energy Farm: Feasibility Study and Demonstration: Phase 1: Site and Species Selection (HCP/T2557-01), Washington, D.C.: Division of Solar Technology, Office of Energy Technology, United States Department of Energy, →OCLC, pages 1-4 and 2-1:

Eucalypts with a mallee growth form can also be found in areas wetter than those already considered and where single-stemmed eucalypts predominate. This occurs in a variety of unfavourable habitats, either by normally single-stemmed eucalypts assuming a mallee habit (e.g., E. baxteri) or by the occurrence of distinct wet-country mallees of restricted distribution specific to such habitats.

1994, R. F. Parsons, “Eucalyptus Scrubs and Shrublands”, in R. H. Groves, editor, Australian Vegetation, 2nd edition, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 292:

(botany, Australia) The growth habit of certain eucalypt species that grow with multiple stems springing from an underground lignotuber, shared by species of related genera.


mallee

[H]ence the slow progress hitherto made in the cultivation of such produce of the garden as is generally held in estimation by the European portion of the community, left as it generally is, to the simple Hindoo mallee (or gardener,) it is not to be wondered at, that our bazars want what are deemed the more delicate articles of vegetable production for the table; […]

1840, G. T. Frederic Speede, Indian Hand-book of Gardening; Containing Directions for the Management of the Kitchen and Flower Garden, etc. etc. in India: […], Calcutta: W. Thacker & Co. St. Andrew’s Library, →OCLC, page 1:

Prizes were awarded to ten other mallees for best samples of vegetables, fruits and flowers, and last though not least we have to note, that a prize of two rupees was awarded to the mallee of Robert Fulton, Esq., of Sultangunge, for a remarkably fine bunch of grapes, clearly showing that either the soil of Mr. Fulton's garden, the climate of Sultangunge, or the skill of that gentleman's gardener, are highly favorable to the growth, and bringing to maturity of this delicious fruit.

1848, “Report of Exhibitions of Vegetables, Fruits, Flowers and Agricultural Produce, Held at Bhaugulpore, on 11th February and 25th May, 1848. (Communicated by Major [T. E. A.] Napleton, Honorary Secretary Branch Agri-Horticultural Society.)”, in Journal of the Agricultural & Horticultural Society of India, volumes VI, part II (Correspondence and Selections), number 3, Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, →OCLC, page 125:

Telegram from Collector of Sylhet to Secretary Colonel Burne, No. 221; dated the 29th November 1871. Every necessary precaution taken to arrest spread of cholera: three camps formed, one for those attacked, one for the convalescents, one for the healthy. I sent down dhobies, sweepers, cooks, and mallees, last to dig trenches for burying the dead, when burning was not possible.

1871 November 29, “Cachar: Further Correspondence on the Subject of the Looshai Raids and the Consequent Hostilities (in Continuation of Paper, No. 398, of 1871)”, in Accounts and Papers: […], volumes X (East India—continued), [London]: […] The House of Commons, […], published 28 May 1872, →OCLC, page 301:

(India, South Asia) Alternative spelling of mali (“a member of a caste in South Asia whose traditional occupation is gardening; hence, any South Asian gardener”).


cleaning shoe

The cleaning shoe expels lightweight material known as chaff as well as material with intermediate aerodynamic properties, such as straw, from the back of the combine.

2003, William W. Casady, “Grain Harvesting Systems”, in Dennis R. Heldman, editor, Encyclopedia of Agricultural, Food, and Biological Engineering, →ISBN, page 449:

(agriculture) The part of a harvester or combine which both sieves out large impurities such as rocks and blows out light impurities such as chaff


dairy product

Any foodstuff made from milk, such as cheese or yogurt.


fill soil

en-noun

fill soil (countable and uncountable, plural fill soils)

(construction, horticulture, archaeology) Soil used for filling, that is, found within or contemporaneously placed within a cavity, or a supply of soil for use as fill.


chouse

en-verb

chouse (third-person singular simple present chouses, present participle chousing, simple past and past participle choused)

chouses (present singular third-person)
chousing (participle present)
choused (participle past)
choused (past)

This gave the roundup the appearance of a cavalry charge, and a stranger observing the procedure for the first time might have thought we were a bunch of green, possibly drunken cowboys making sport out of chousing cattle. But we weren't chousing them, we were just trying to keep them in sight, and for a very good reason.

1980, John R. Erickson, Panhandle Cowboy, page 79:

(US, regional) To handle, to take care of.


kitchen garden

vegetable garden
vegetable garden#English

(chiefly UK) Synonym of vegetable garden.


guaniferous

en-adj

guaniferous (comparative more guaniferous, superlative most guaniferous)

more guaniferous (comparative)
most guaniferous (superlative)

The guaniferous cave provides a source of income for the village.


invasive exotic

en-noun

invasive exotic (plural invasive exotics)

(agriculture) A species or an individual of a species that is foreign to an environment and that, when introduced to that environment, outcompetes native species.


monofloral

(of honey) Made wholly or predominantly from the nectar of a single plant species.


threshing floor

threshing floor (plural threshing floors)

The floor of a threshing house or similar area where grain is threshed.

ܐܶܕܪܳܐ m (ʾeddərā) (absolute state אִידַּר (ʾeddar) / ܐܶܕܰܪ (ʾeddar))


polytunnel

Regan and her team decide which of the farm's 3,000 polytunnels of strawberries will be dedicated to Wimbledon a few weeks before the tournament, and they choose from among the roughly 800 seasonal workers for roles on the coveted picking operation.

2023 July 14, The New York Times, “The Strawberry Fields of Wimbledon”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-07-17:

He made a gesture that incorporated the compost heap, the polytunnels, and the potting bench.

2023, Eleanor Catton, Birnam Wood, page 24:

A tunnel made of polyethylene, used to grow plants that require a higher temperature and/or humidity than that which is available in the environment.


uncapping

With a bent wire I drew out a large quantity of dead bees, mixed with the uncappings of the combs, and much signs of dysentery.

1895, British Bee Journal & Bee-keepers Adviser, volume 23, page 90:

The tank at the left is a large galvanized arrangement that we use for taking the honey from the uncappings.

1907, Novices' Gleanings in Bee Culture, volumes 35-36, page 1570:

(beekeeping) Wax removed from a honeycomb.


carbofuran

(organic chemistry) A highly toxic carbamate pesticide used on field crops.


grex

Learned borrowing from Latin grex (“flock”).

lbor

(horticulture) A kind of group used in horticultural nomenclature, applied to the progeny of an artificial cross from specified parents, in particular for orchids.


perennialization

In fact, research in Canada, Australia, China and the United States over the last 30 years suggests that perennialization of the major grain crops like wheat, rice, sorghum and sunflowers can be developed in the foreseeable future.

2009 January 5, Wes Jackson, Wendell Berry, “A 50-Year Farm Bill”, in New York Times:

(agriculture) The conversion of a plant from an annual to a perennial


half-standard

(horticulture) In gardening, a tree or shrub whose branches start from three to four feet from the ground. This makes the entire plant lower than a plant of the same type of the standard form.


seed drill

Most Chinese seed-drills sow not only seed but also manure. The idea was almost as old as the seed-drill itself in Europe, and it was common in India too.

1984, Joseph Needham, Francesca Bray, Science and Civilisation in China, Volume 6, Part 2, page 270:

American farmers began using the seed drill on a limited basis by 1775.

2002, R. Douglas Hurt, American Agriculture: A Brief History, Revised edition, page 102:

Another major advancement in the field of agriculture was the seed drill. The seed drill helped the row farming of the Chinese.[…]The first seed drill was introduced into Europe 1600 years after the Chinese had improved upon their original design.

2003, Ron Shaw, Great Inventors and Inventions, page 17:

Seeding with the Chinese seed drill requires higher than normal soil moisture compared to conventionally tilled wheat.

2004, D. S. Pathic, R. K. Shrestha, “11: No-Till in the Rice-Wheat System: An Experience from Nepal”, in Rattan Lal, Peter R. Hobbs, Norman Uphoff, editors, Sustainable Agriculture and the International Rice-Wheat System, page 215:

In 1701, English inventor Jethro Tull built a prototype seed drill that planted a metered stream of seeds at the right depth and covered them with soil to optimize growth. The fact that the seed drill sowed seeds in regular straight rows also meant that a mechanical horse-drawn hoe (another invention by Tull) could be used to remove weeds from between the rows.

2005, Rick Kubik, How to Use Implements on Your Small-Scale Farm, page 43:


varroa

These bees are resistant to varroa.

Swarms were reasonably common place in rural areas when New Zealand had a large feral bee population but few wild bees now survive due to varroa disease.

2009 January 29, Don Farmer, “Shop forced to shut as bees swarm”, in Wairarapa Times-Age:

(beekeeping, chiefly New Zealand) Infestation with the mite Varroa destructor, or the disease caused by such mites.

varroatosis

condition of infestation of a colony by Varroa mites


bolter

trap

antonym(s) of “missed landing on an aircraft carrier”

Evidence is accumulating that bolters are plants which have changed their long-day habit to that of short-day.

1949, Redcliffe Nathan Salaman, The History and Social Influence of the Potato, published 2000, page 68:

(botany, horticulture) A plant that grows larger and more rapidly than usual.


agroecology

en-noun

agroecology (countable and uncountable, plural agroecologies)


rootstock

(agriculture) A healthy and vigorous-rooted plant that is used in grafting, most commonly as a sound base to support a scion that bears desirable fruit in orchard culture.

perusrunko

a healthy plant used as the base for grafting


nicotiana

But strong-stemmed bushy plants like salvias, coneflowers, cosmos, marigolds, nicotianas and zinnias should be cut back only to the next strong branch or pair of branches.

2007 July 12, Leslie Land, “Garden Q.&A.”, in New York Times:

(horticulture) Any ornamental plant of the genus Nicotiana


remineralization

remineralization (countable and uncountable, plural remineralizations)

(agriculture) The reintroduction of minerals to the soil for agricultural benefit.


hayfork

Creaking leather and the snorting of mules, snatches of off-key ballads, the clop of hooves and the patter of bare soles, the rattle of hayforks and lances.

2007 March 18, Michael Chabon, “‘Gentlemen of the Road’”, in New York Times:

A tool used for moving hay; a pitchfork.


pastoralist

2015, Elizabeth Royte, Vultures Are Revolting. Here’s Why We Need to Save Them., National Geographic (December 2015)https://web.archive.org/web/20151213095110/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2016/01/vultures-text
As our truck weaves through flocks of sheep and goats, Virani explains how the Maasai have in recent years leased their land, which rings the northern section of the Masai Mara National Reserve, to conservancies established to protect wildlife by excluding pastoralists and their livestock.

(agriculture) A person involved in pastoralism, whose primary occupation is the raising of livestock


aquaculturist

(agriculture) A person involved in aquaculture.


fernery

My aunt especially loved the smaller fern houses, the ferneries.

1997, Oliver Sacks, The Island of the Colorblind:

A specialized garden for the cultivation and display of ferns.


baptisia

“We’re really excited about the new baptisias out of Chicago Botanic Garden,” said Steven Castorani, a co-owner of North Creek Nurseries, which specializes in native plants, in Landenberg, Pa.

2008 January 24, Anne Raver, “What the Nurseries Like for Spring”, in New York Times:

(horticulture) Any of various ornamental plants of the genus Baptisia


oxalis

My oxalis and begonias are all in bloom at the windows of my bedroom.

2007 April 5, Anne Raver, “Rethinking the Pots on an Old, Cracked Terrace”, in New York Times:

(horticulture) Any of various ornamental flowering plants of the genus Oxalis

mingots

any of various ornamental flowering plants of the genus Oxalis


pulverizer

(agriculture) A device for crushing clods of soil in a field.


walled garden

A long time ago, back before Al Gore invented the Internet, there were three big kids on the online block, each of which ran its own proprietary online service. America Online, Prodigy and CompuServe each had a "walled garden" of sorts for their customers.

2000 September 4, “AOL's 'Walled Garden'”, in Wall Street Journal:

AOL tried to provide a walled garden for all their subscribers in the early 1990s.

2007, Wes Simpson, Howard Greenfield, IPTV and Internet video, →ISBN, page 39:

When you deal with iPhones and iPads (and the iCloud, iMacs, iTVs, iPods, and all those other iThingies), you're living in a walled garden. Apple controls it from the beginning to end.

2016, Woody Leonhard, Windows 10 All-In-One For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 885:

The walled garden made AOL money, some of it real, but also hastened the site's loss of allure to the Internet, whose open design was the opposite of AOL's, and which was by now growing a greater variety of things to see and do.

2017, Tim Wu, The Attention Merchants, Atlantic Books, →ISBN:

The content sludge is also present in Big Tech’s plans to reimagine search as an interactive, chatbot-powered walled garden.

2023 May 17, Charlie Warzel, “Here’s How AI Will Come for Your Job”, in The Atlantic:

(figurative, media, technology) A closed platform for content or services controlled by a single carrier or service provider, typically requiring subscription to access.


mamoty

Alteration of Tamil மண்வெட்டி (maṇveṭṭi).

der

Tamil மண்வெட்டி (maṇveṭṭi)

(India, Sri Lanka) A kind of hoe used for digging, especially for coffee planting.


bee smoker

Earlier this month police in Norfolk were called after five hives thought to contain around 60,000 bees and £600 worth of honey were taken. Other known raids this year in Britain have included one in Doncaster in April. Suspicions among beekeepers that the culprits come from their own ranks were underlined by the fact that a bee smoker was left at the scene by someone who presumably knew that it could be used to calm the insects before taking them.

2017 September 23, “From north Wales to Norfolk, distraught beekeepers ask: who’s stealing our hives?”, in The Observer:

(apiculture) A device that releases smoke intended to distract bees.


harvest time

en-noun

harvest time (countable and uncountable, plural harvest times)

The time of year during which which harvest occurs.


vernalize

en-verb

vernalize (third-person singular simple present vernalizes, present participle vernalizing, simple past and past participle vernalized)

vernalizes (present singular third-person)
vernalizing (participle present)
vernalized (participle past)
vernalized (past)


strimmer

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-strimmer.wav

Blend of string + trimmer, originally a trademark in the United Kingdom.

string trimmer

(British, horticulture) Synonym of string trimmer (“a powered, hand-held garden implement that uses a rotating monofilament line to cut grass, etc., without damaging other objects”)


foulbrood

en-noun

foulbrood (usually uncountable, plural foulbroods)

There were problems in my dad’s day: ants, skunks, wax moths and a couple of deadly but well-known bee diseases, like foulbrood and nosema.

2007 February 22, Verlyn Klinkenborg, “Keeping Bees Among Us”, in New York Times:

At times nearly all brood diseases (American foulbrood, European foulbrood, parafoulbrood, sacbrood) were thought to represent a single malady. European and American foulbroods were especially confused.

2012, Edward Steinhaus, Insect Pathology V2: An Advanced Treatise, page 553:


biodynamics

Marc Kreydenweiss, an Alsatian producer, is a champion of biodynamics, an extreme form of organic agriculture based on the planets’ positions.

2007 September 30, Howard G. Goldberg, “A Red to Pour With Burgers”, in New York Times:

I had heard that a cool cosmetic company, Dr. Hauschka, used biodynamically grown botanicals, and something about the teetotaling founder of the Waldorf Schools, philosopher Rudolph Steiner, who had also founded biodynamics and died in the 1920s. But several of the wines I'd already earmarked as winners turned out to be made either purely or in part with biodynamics.

2009, Alice Feiring, The Battle for Wine and Love: or How I Saved the World from Parkerization, HMH, →ISBN:

(agriculture) Biodynamic agricultural practices similar to organic farming.


CMV

cucumber mosaic virus
w:cucumber mosaic virus

(agriculture) Initialism of cucumber mosaic virus.


melomakarona

From Greek μελομακάρονα (melomakárona) or μελομακάρονο (melomakárono).

bor

μελομακάρονα

Earlier in the day, his mother had prepared soup for the female lead and melomakarona, or Greek honey cookies, for the crew.

2007 January 14, Jeff Vandam, “Lights, Camera, Honey Cookies: A Soap Opera, Greek Style”, in New York Times:

Greek honey macaroons with crushed walnuts, traditionally served at Christmas.


aflaj

Borrowed from Arabic أَفْلَاج (ʔaflāj), plural of فَلَج (falaj, “irrigation channel”).

(agriculture) An irrigation system which catches mountain water and controls its movement down man-made subterranean channels, found in Oman.


sideliner

The result is more dissent because successful collective action sustains the involvement of old participants while convincing sideliners of the usefulness of protest and ensuring their future participation […]

1936, American Sociological Review, volume 61, page 135:

It’s a bold statement (not to mention a cliché), but Mr. Cardiello, who created this high-energy workout to bring football to sideliners, isn’t afraid to be bold: he is a private trainer for N.F.L. players and former conditioning coach in the Arena Football League.

2007 January 18, Abby Ellin, “Hard, Easy or Just Right?”, in New York Times:

One who stays on the sidelines; a spectator or nonparticipant.


hayshed

More than 21 tankers are now battling the blaze which has spread to 20ha and destroyed a hayshed.

2009 January 28, Sarah Wotherspoon, “Mercury rising as firefighters battle grass blaze”, in Herald Sun, archived from the original on 2009-03-04:


solarize

en-verb

solarize (third-person singular simple present solarizes, present participle solarizing, simple past and past participle solarized)

solarizes (present singular third-person)
solarizing (participle present)
solarized (participle past)
solarized (past)

In areas with abundant sunlight, you can solarize the soil to disinfect it of fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and even weed seeds (see page 83).

2000, Beth Hanson, Natural Disease Control, →ISBN, page 97:

The best time to solarize is when the sun is at its hottest, at mid summer.

2005, Victoria Renoux, For the Love of Garlic: The Complete Guide to Garlic Cuisine, →ISBN, page 106:

Another even more effective method is to heavily douse the area with common grocery store vinegar (white or apple cider), and then cover it with plastic and solarize it for two weeks. If after two weeks you still have problems, apply more vinegar and solarize for the rest of the summer and try again next year. Remember to clean the land before you solarize.

2016, Caleb Warnock, Stress-Free Vegetable Gardening: Thriving Gardens with Minimal Effort, →ISBN:

(horticulture) To treat soil by covering with plastic and exposing to sunlight.


oatlage

(agriculture) Silage made from oats: oat silage.


cottonfield

(agriculture) a field in which the cotton plant is grown and harvested.


pinery

The record weight for pinery-grown pineapples was an astonishing fourteen pounds, twelve ounces—a weight that no imported pineapple could achieve. Pineapples fit neatly into the national crazes for natural things in England,[…]

2014 May 26, David Dewitt, Precious Cargo: How Foods From the Americas Changed The World, Catapult, →ISBN:

while Margam was exceptional in the scale of its orangery, it was not alone […] There was, for example, a peach house at Stradey Castle, a melon house and vinery at Nanteos, while Middleton Hall had both a peach house and a pinery. Pineapples were particularly prized because of their flavour and spectacular appearance.

2016 December 5, Alan Wilson, Comfort, Pleasure and Prestige: Country-house Technology in West Wales 1750-1930, Troubador Publishing Ltd, →ISBN, page 116:

A hothouse or (tropical) area used as a plantation for the cultivation of pineapple plants (genus Ananas) and production of their homonymous fruit.


haylage

en-noun

haylage (countable and uncountable, plural haylages)

Blend of hay + silage. Coined in 1949 to distinguish this type of fodder from earlier types of grass silage with higher moisture percentages.

(agriculture) A type of silage with a high dry-matter content, made from the same grasses or legumes from which hay is made (such as alfalfa, timothy, and others) but not dried as much as hay nor as little as direct-chop/green-chop silage (before being ensiled).

silage

when spoken of as distinguished from "regular" silage, including higher-moisture grass silage types


malaxation

malaxation (countable and uncountable, plural malaxations)

(agriculture) The process of slowly churning milled oil crops such as olives, allowing droplets of oil to aggregate for more effective separation.


chemigation

chemigation (countable and uncountable, plural chemigations)

(agriculture) The application of a pesticide or fertilizer through an irrigation system.


commodity exchange

commodity exchange (plural commodity exchanges)

(finance, agriculture) An organization operating under a set of bylaws aimed at promoting trade in one or more commodities by providing services and rules for the conduct of trade.


fed cattle

Even though the empirical analysis used here cannot formally test which of several possible factors is the cause of any asymmetry, it is important to establish theoretical reasons to expect spatial price adjustments for fed cattle to be asymmetric.

1989 December, DeeVon Bailey, B. Wade Brorsen, “Price Asymmetry in Spatial Fed Cattle Markets”, in Western Journal of Agricultrual Economics, volume 8, number 2, page 246:

(agriculture) Cattle leaving a feedlot, after fattening on a concentrated ration, that are ready to be sold to a packinghouse for slaughter.


organic farming

Another problem was that some organism groups have been studied more frequently than other because they are very relevant to organic farming, for example natural enemies of pests, such as carabids, and vascular plants (21% and 35% of studies regarding species richness, respectively).

2005 March 14, Janne Bengtsson et al., “The effects of organic agriculture on biodiversity and abundance: a meta-analysis”, in Journal of Applied Ecology, volume 42, number 2, →DOI, page 246:

(agriculture) An approach to farming based on biological methods that avoid the use of synthetic crop or livestock production inputs and on a broadly defined philosophy of farming that puts value on ecological harmony, resource efficiency, and non-intensive animal husbandry practices.


return flow

return flow (countable and uncountable, plural return flows)

(agriculture) Surface or subsurface water that leaves the field following application of irrigation water.


plasticulture

plasticulture (countable and uncountable, plural plasticultures)

Careful innovation and novel use of appropriate plasticulture can revolutionize Indian agriculture allowing the country to enter into high-tech areas of development.

1994, A. N. Sarkar, chapter 14, in Integrated horticulture development in eastern Himalayas, →ISBN, page 241:

This technology is already in use in plasticulture throughout the world but legislation will in the future limit the use of materials that accumulate in soil or lead to the generation of long-term toxic products in the soil.

2005, Ray Smith, chapter 17.4, in Biodegradable polymers for industrial applications, →ISBN, page 470:

(agriculture, uncountable) The use of plastics in agriculture.

Most strawberries are soil grown in various configurations, under plasticulture (Pitts et al., 1998) or straw mulch.

2005, J. Benton Jones, chapter 11, in Hydroponics: a practical guide for the soilless grower, →ISBN, page 256:

(agriculture, countable) The plastics used in agriculture.


weedicide

weedicide (countable and uncountable, plural weedicides)


hyperhygienist

en-adj

hyperhygienist (comparative more hyperhygienist, superlative most hyperhygienist)

more hyperhygienist (comparative)
most hyperhygienist (superlative)

genetically modified organism
genetically modified organism

(derogatory, agriculture, environment) Having an overemphasis on "safety" or "cleanliness" as defined only for the consumer, that effectively forces the use of pesticides, other chemicals, or even requires or encourages genetically modified organisms to prevent insects; and applied to certain agricultural policies, laws, food regulations, wholesale food buying rules, and tax, tariff and trade measures by advocates of organic farming.


bercary

(historical) A medieval English sheep farm.


hopyard

(agriculture) An outdoor area where hops are grown.


shippon

From Middle English shipne, shepne, schüpene, from Old English sċypen, from Proto-Germanic *skupinī, from Proto-Germanic *skup- (whence shop). Cognate with German Schuppen (“shed”), and Bavarian Schupfn, Schupfa.

He almost reached the timberline – but there the weather changed, a damp fog enveloped him, and he spent a couple of hours shivering all alone in a smelly shippon, waiting for the whirling mists to uncover the sun once more.

1972, Vladimir Nabokov, Transparent Things, McGraw-Hill, published 1972, page 51:


aquacultural

(agriculture) Of or pertaining to aquaculture.


bed out

en-verb

bed out (third-person singular simple present beds out, present participle bedding out, simple past and past participle bedded out)

beds out (present singular third-person)
bedding out (participle present)
bedded out (participle past)
bedded out (past)

To transfer a young plant from an inside location such as a greenhouse to an outdoors flower bed.


Marocain

/ˌmæɹəˈkeɪn/

/ˌmɑɹəˈkeɪn/

Borrowed from French Marocain (“Moroccan”), from Maroc (“Morocco”) (from Medieval Latin Marrochium (“the city of Marrakech, the former capital of Morocco”), ultimately from Berber Murt n Akush (“Land of God”)) + -ain (suffix forming demonyms).

der

Gros Maroc (Marocain).—Bunches large, long, and shouldered, and with a long stalk. Berries large and oval. Skin thick, of a deep reddish-purple, and covered with an abundant blue bloom. Flesh tender, sweet, and richly flavoured.

1860, Robert Hogg, “Grapes”, in The Fruit Manual; Containing the Descriptions & Synonymes of the Fruits and Fruit Trees Commonly Met with in the Gardens & Orchards of Great Britain, with Selected Lists of Those Most Worthy of Cultivation, London: Cottage Gardener Office, […], →OCLC, page 105:

Gros Maroc. Marocain. An excellent variety, ripening after Black Hamburgh. A great bearer, well suited to a cold vinery.

1872, A[ndrew] J[ackson] Downing, Charles Downing, “The Grape”, in The Fruits and Fruit-trees of America; […] , 2nd revised and corrected edition, part II (Cherries, Grapes, Peaches, Pears, &c.), New York, N.Y.: John Wiley & Son, […], →OCLC, page 519:

(viticulture) A name used for two unrelated varieties of French wine grape, carignan and cinsault.


dry off

en-verb

dry off (third-person singular simple present dries off, present participle drying off, simple past and past participle dried off)

dries off (present singular third-person)
drying off (participle present)
dried off (participle past)
dried off (past)

In an early study with cows producing very little milk at drying off, new infection rates were about equal whether cows were dried off abruptly or after a period of intermittent milking.

1986, Eberhart, R. J., “Management of Dry Cows to Reduce Mastitis”, in Journal of Dairy Science, volume 69, number 6, →DOI, pages 1721-1732:

Thus, revenue from milk yield before dry-off is higher for cows that are abruptly dried off.

2020 September 24, Pornpamol Pattamanont, Marcos Marcondes, Albert De Vries, “Advantages and Disadvantages of Various Dry-off Methods for Dairy Cows”, in edis.ifas.ufl.edu, archived from the original on 2023-08-11:

If you are drying off more cows than normal you are likely to need to increase the area in which you normally keep dry cows.

2023 December 8 (last accessed), “Drying dairy cows off early”, in Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, archived from the original on 2023-02-04:

(transitive, agriculture) To cease milking a cow in preparation for calving.

запуска́ти

to cease milking a cow in preparation for calving


seton

If the predisposition to the disease has arisen from a plethoric state of the system, or from a turgescence in the vessels of the head, this is to be obviated by bleeding, both generally and topically, but more particularly the latter; an abstemious diet and proper exercise; and by a seton in the neck.

1842, Gibbons Merle, John Reitch, The Domestic Dictionary and Housekeeper’s Manual: Comprising Everything Related to Cookery, Diet, Economy and Medicine. By Gibbons Merle. The Medical Portion of the Work by John Reitch, M.D., London: William Strange, 21, Paternoster Row, →OCLC, page 360, column 2:

The animal was lean and tall, and had a moth-eaten mane, rough hoofs and loose shoes; a seton bobbed up and down on its breast.

1904, Gustave Flaubert, Over Strand and Field:

(medicine, agriculture) A few silk threads or horsehairs, or a strip of linen etc., introduced beneath the skin by a knife or needle, so as to induce suppuration; also, the issue so formed.


apicultural

en-adj

apicultural (comparative more apicultural, superlative most apicultural)

more apicultural (comparative)
most apicultural (superlative)


aration

(obsolete, agriculture) ploughing, tillage


arviculture

From Latin arvum (“field”) + cultura (“cultivation”).


ted

From a pet form of Edward, in reference to Edwardian styles affected by youths.

The teds made the most of rising blue-collar wages to peacock each weekend in pseudo-aristocratic suits and immaculate pompadours, while their straitlaced peers trudged through the grind of school and work in drab clothing.

2022, W. David Marx, chapter 6, in Status and Culture, Viking, →ISBN:


treillage

admire the treillage

1863 February 21, “The Spectator”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):

October 23, 1778, Horace Walpole, letter to the Hon. H. S. Conway
I shall plant the roses against my treillage to-morrow.

(horticulture) latticework for supporting vines, etc.; an espalier; a trellis.


widger

(horticulture) A small gardening tool used to loosen soil, consisting of a long thin spatula with a handle.


olericulture

Although certain degrees and knowledge are required for some levels of employment in this field, like many of the other production-oriented branches of horticulture, success in olericulture can depend heavily on skills and abilities in the field rather than on any specific education level or training.

2006, Jerry Garner, Careers in Horticulture and Botany, page 33:

The field of horticulture dealing with the production, storage, processing and marketing of vegetables


feeder cattle

(agriculture) Steers or cows that are mature enough to be placed in a feedlot in preparation for slaughter.


drip line

A pipe that has small holes at intervals, used to irrigate crops.


intercrop

en-verb

intercrop (third-person singular simple present intercrops, present participle intercropping, simple past and past participle intercropped)

intercrops (present singular third-person)
intercropping (participle present)
intercropped (participle past)
intercropped (past)

To grow more than one crop simultaneously in the same field.

harjoittaa päällekkäisviljelyä

to grow more than one crop in the same field


biobed

(agriculture) A pit of soil used in agriculture to capture pesticide residue and break it down.


ploughland

en-noun

ploughland (countable and uncountable, plural ploughlands)

From Middle English plowelond, plouȝ-lond, plow-land, equivalent to plough + land. Compare German Pflugland, Old Norse plógsland (“ploughland”).

Land that has been or is meant to be ploughed.


stackyard

A farmyard in which stacks of hay etc. are stored.

iothlainn

a farmyard in which haystacks are stored


cold frame

(agriculture, horticulture) A transparent-roofed enclosure, built low to the ground, used to protect plants from cold weather.


biological control

biological control (countable and uncountable, plural biological controls)

Control of pests using natural predators, parasites, pathogens, or other organisms that harm the pest species.


earth up

en-verb

earth up (third-person singular simple present earths up, present participle earthing up, simple past and past participle earthed up)

earths up (present singular third-person)
earthing up (participle present)
earthed up (participle past)
earthed up (past)

Earth up a potato crop several times during the season to encourage more tubers to grow.

(horticulture, transitive) To cover the stem or leaves of plants with soil, as to encourage root growth or protect from cold.


propagant

(horticulture) Part of a plant used for propagation.


hayrack

The books flutter down from the bucket on high onto an old hayrack on the floor of the Dumpster.

2007 July 3, Verlyn Klinkenborg, “Barn Cleaning”, in New York Times:

A freestanding vertical drying-rack for animal fodder.


farmwork

en-noun

farmwork (usually uncountable, plural farmworks)

Ms. Hayes, 33, also writes cookbooks (in the predawn hours before her farmwork begins), agitates and advocates for local causes, lectures national organizations about sustainable cuisine and advises those closer to home, like the staff members of Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton.

2007 November 1, Penelope Green, “On the Farm, a Rat Race in Sheep’s Clothing”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2011-11-21:


hanging basket

A container filled with decorative plants, suspended on a structure.


handplant

en-verb

handplant (third-person singular simple present handplants, present participle handplanting, simple past and past participle handplanted)

handplants (present singular third-person)
handplanting (participle present)
handplanted (participle past)
handplanted (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-handplant.wav

(horticulture, transitive) To plant a seed with one's hands, as opposed to a machine or tool.


remound

remound (third-person singular simple present remounds, present participle remounding, simple past and past participle remounded)

remounds (present singular third-person)
remounding (participle present)
remounded (participle past)
remounded (past)

Watch for wrinkling on the canes — the first sign of dehydration. If this occurs, recut the canes below the wrinkling, remound the plant, and water well.

1999, Thomas Cairns, Ortho’s All About Roses, Meredith Books, →ISBN, page 28, →ISBN:

(rosiculture, rare) Bolster with a restored mound.


rosiculture

It is not exactly a book for specialists, but the reference may be useful to many friends of roses who are interested in the pathological aspects of rosiculture.

1904, Royal Microscopical Society of Great Britain, Journal of Microscopy, page 528:


cowkeeper

Utilisation of sugarcane tops / Although some cane tops have always been used as a roughage feed, particularly in the past by smallholder cowkeepers, they are probably the most underutilised of all sugarcane by-products. Options for the use of cane tops are feeding as fresh material; ensiling fresh and/or wilted material for future feed use; and leaving in the field to dry followed by baling.

1982, Booker Agriculture International Limited, Mauritius Sugarcane By-products Study: Main Report, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, page 17:

During the last decade, the Ministry of Agriculture introduced a series of incentives in order to increase milk production at the smallholder level. One of these incentives was the Milk Productivity Bonus Scheme that was introduced in 1993. It had the twin objectives of encouraging dairy smallholders commonly known as cowkeepers to decrease calving interval and increase milk production on their farm.

2003, Geerjanand Saraye, Rafik Fakim, “Impact of the Milk Productivity Bonus Scheme (1993-1998) on Calving Interval”, in Agricultural Research and Extension Unit reports, Réduit, Mauritius: Food and Agricultural Research Council, retrieved 2023-12-23, page 1:

(especially Mauritius) A smallholder who keeps one or several milk cows to fulfill household needs and earn some sales but is not a dairyer in the sense of running a herd of dozens or hundreds.


dead furrow

(agriculture) A furrow left in the field that is slightly wider than twice the width of a plow bottom, usually occurring at the completion of a field.


tavy

A slash and burn agricultural technique used in Madagascar.


understock

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-understock.wav

(horticulture) The rootstock onto which the scion is grafted.


green roof

A roof of a house or other building which is covered with soil and grass, plants, trees, or other landscaping materials.

groen dak

roof of a house or other building which is covered with soil and grass, plants, trees, etc.

A roof of a house or other building on which solar panels, solar hot water collectors, wind powered turbines, or other natural energy collectors are placed.

A roof of a house or other building which is designed to collect rainfall for use in gardens, lawns, or as drinking water.


Holstein

From the animals' region of origin: the horses came from Schleswig-Holstein, the cows came from the area of Frisia and Holstein.

etymid

livestock breeds originated in Schleswig-Holstein

A breed of dairy cattle, distinctively colored in splotches of black and white.


carucage

en-noun

carucage (countable and uncountable, plural carucages)

From Late Latin carrucagium, from carruca (“plough”); compare tillage.

(historical) A form of land taxation that replaced Danegeld in twelfth-century England.


aquaponics

The tomato may in fact have absorbed a flavor from the soil in which it was grown, one granted neither by the sand of Florida's winter tomatoes exported North, nor by hothouse aquaponics.

1990, Eugene B[loor] Brody, Psychoanalytic Knowledge, Madison, Conn.: International Universities Press, →ISBN, page 111:

The warm water in which [Donnie] Tenney's tilapia swim and grow is pumped from the fish tanks to beds nurturing basil, rosemary, and cucumber, then drained, filtered, and recirculated to the tilapia. The hybrid aquaculture-hydroponics system, dubbed aquaponics, uses pumps, aerators, greenhouse lights, and fans all powered by natural gas from an abandoned gas well.

2000 May–August, Carl Hoffmann, “Mining Fresh Water for Aquaculture”, in Appalachia, volume 33, number 2, Washington, D.C.: Appalachian Regional Commission, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 24, columns 1–2:

Pumps send the dirty fish water up into beds of watercress, which filter pollutants and trickle the cleaner water back down to the fish – a symbiotic system called aquaponics.

2009 July 5, Elizabeth Royte, “Street farmer”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 2017-04-19:

(agriculture) A sustainable food production system that combines traditional aquaculture with hydroponics, with effluent from the water in which fish are reared being used as nutrition for plants.

akwaponika

system that combines aquaculture with hydroponics

vesiviljelyn ja kalankasvatuksen yhdistäminen


beetle bank

(agriculture) A strip of land within a crop field or garden that is planted with grasses or perennial plants in order to provide a habitat for beneficial insects, birds, and other fauna.


plant out

en-verb

plant out (third-person singular simple present plants out, present participle planting out, simple past and past participle planted out)

plants out (present singular third-person)
planting out (participle present)
planted out (participle past)
planted out (past)

(transitive, horticulture) To put (a plant) into the ground outside, from a greenhouse or a plant pot.


unheading

an unheading cabbage


milkhouse

A place where milk is processed into products such as butter or cheese; a dairy.


hayrake

A rake for collecting hay
a hand-held one

a large rake drawn by a horse or horses.

A rake for collecting hay
a large rake dragged by a tractor


middling plantation

en-noun

middling plantation (plural middling plantations)

"A planter or large plantation held fifty or more slaves while a middling plantation or slaveholder owned twenty to forty-nine slaves. Thus, a small plantation was one on which there were nineteen or fewer slaves." (Wilma P. Dunaway, Slavery in the American Mountain South: "Introduction" 9, 2003)

(US, historical) A medium-size plantation with about 20-49 slaves. Contrasted with small plantation or smallholding (19 or less slaves) and large plantation (50+ slaves).


herbary

/ˈɜː(ɹ)bəɹi/

An Herbary, for furnishing domestic medicines, always made a part of our ancient gardens

1774-1781, Thomas Warton, History of English Poetry:


urinarium

urinarium (plural urinariums or urinaria)

(agriculture) A reservoir for urine, etc., for manure.


lugmark

(agriculture, historical or archaic) A mark cut into the ear of an animal to identify it; an earmark.