unhive

en-verb

unhive (third-person singular simple present unhives, present participle unhiving, simple past and past participle unhived)

unhives (present singular third-person)
unhiving (participle present)
unhived (participle past)
unhived (past)

[T]he Mercers encreaſing prodigiouſly vvent back into the City; there like Bees unhiv'd they hover about a vvhile, not knovving vvhere to fix; but at laſt, as if they vvould come back to the old Hive in Pater-noſter Rovv, but could not be admitted, the ſvvarm ſettled on Lu[d]gate-hill.

1727, [Daniel Defoe], “Of such Tradesmen who by the Necessary Consequences of Their Business are Oblig’d to be Accessary to the Propagation of Vice, and the Encrease of the Wickedness of the Times, and that All the Immorality of the Age is Not Occasion’d by the Ale-houses and the Taverns”, in The Compleat English Tradesman. […], volume II, London: […] Charles Rivington […], →OCLC, part II, pages 163–163:

and unhived those numerous swarms of labouring bees which used to drop honey-dews over all this kingdom, to place in their room swarms of senseless drones.

1867, James Bass Mullinger, Cambridge Characteristics in the Seventeenth Century, page 179:

His broad hands smoothed her head, as fain to brush it free From fancies, swarms that stung like bees unhived.

1882, Robert Browning, Dramatic Idyls, page 66:

(transitive) To drive or remove (bees) from a hive.


fallowist

a controversy has arisen between two sects, the fallowists, and anti-fallowists, which has been conducted with much keenness and ability

1817, John Sinclair, The Code of Agriculture:

(archaic, agriculture) Someone who fallows land, or believes in fallowing land.


onstead

With loss of original w-, due to Scandinavian una (“to reside, dwell”), from *wonstead, from won (“to reside, dwell”) + stead. More at wone, stead.
Alternatively, possibly a corruption of homestead.

The farm onsteads on many properties are old, and afford too little accommodation

1737, Mr David Wilson, “on the Present State of the Upper Ward of Lanarkshire”, in Prize-essays and Transactions of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland:

The onstead, which is nearly the same as when inhabited by the poet, lies about seven miles from the town, on the right hand side of the road, surrounded by a few trees.

1828, Robert Chambers, The Picture of Scotland, volume 1, page 232:

We then did a house at Mowhaugh, and a farm-house at Stodrig, and a part of an onstead. I did the wrightwork of a house at Bemersyde, and an onstead at Butchercote.

1875, Rev. John Thomson, Life and Times of William Thomson:

(UK, Scotland, dialect, archaic) A single farmhouse; a steading.


binsite

(US, agriculture) A location where grain is stored in bins.


croftland

en-noun

croftland (countable and uncountable, plural croftlands)

a small portion of the farm, which they distinguished into ontfield and croftland; the latter was in constant occupation , and required the whole dung made on the farın

1794, lexander Lowe, General View of the Agriculture of the County of Berwick:

(Scotland) Land of superior quality, on which crops are raised.


scuffler

(archaic, agriculture) An implement resembling a scarifier, but usually lighter.


rareripe

(agriculture) ripening early (said most commonly of peaches and onions)


carpetway

(agriculture) A border of greensward left round the margin of a ploughed field.


bagh

From Persian باغ (bâğ, “garden; orchard”).

A type of enclosed garden common in south and south-eastern Asia.


cornland

cornland (countable and uncountable, plural cornlands)

From Middle English [Term?], equivalent to corn + land.

land used for or suitable for the growing of corn


fertigation

Blend of fertilize + irrigation or similar.

(agriculture) The application of fertilizers or other water-soluble products through an irrigation system.


tractioneer

From traction + -eer; Blend of traction engine (“tractor”) + engineer (“steam engine operator”).

blend

(obsolete, agriculture) An operator of a farm tractor (steam tractor or gas tractor).


thresherman

(obsolete, agriculture) the operator of a mechanical thresher

(obsolete, agriculture) the owner-operator of a mechanical thresher, operating as a threshing business

(obsolete, agriculture) by extension, the operator of mechanical farm equipment


cockatoo farmer

en-noun

cockatoo farmer (plural cockatoo farmers)

Probably refers to the practice of working a small patch of land for a short period before moving on, in the manner of a feeding cockatoo. Alternatively so called to compare the farmers with the common sulphur-crested cockatoo, which come down on the newly sown cornfields in myriads.

The cockatoo farmer of South Australia lives a plentiful but not a picturesque life, and unless he gets hopelessly into debt is his own master.

1875, Anthony Trollope, edited by Bradford Allen Booth, The Tireless Traveler: Twenty Letters to the Liverpool Mercury, page 177:

“ Does it pay to breed cockatoos ?” said Archie innocently.
“Don′t be the death o′ me, Johnnie. A cockatoo farmer is just a crofter.[…]”

1888, William Gordon Stables, From Squire to Squatter, page 182:

This is the dwelling of a cockatoo-farmer, the humble agriculturist who makes the most of his thirty or forty acres of land,[…]

(Australia, derogatory, obsolete) A small-scale farmer.


sarculation

sarculation (usually uncountable, plural sarculations)

(obsolete, agriculture) A raking away of weeds.


verdello

(horticulture) a light green variety of summer lemon made from Sicily, similar to a lime


wainable

en-adj

wainable (comparative more wainable, superlative most wainable)

more wainable (comparative)
most wainable (superlative)

(obsolete) Capable of being ploughed or cultivated; arable; tillable.


poachy

poachy (comparative poachier or more poachy, superlative poachiest or most poachy)

poachier (comparative)
more poachy (comparative)
poachiest (superlative)
most poachy (superlative)

(agriculture, archaic, said of land) Wet and soft; boggy


goaf

en-noun

goaf (countable and uncountable, plural goafs or goaves)

1869, George Fowler, On a Method of Abstracting Explosive Gas from the Goaves of Coal Mines, in Transactions, Volume 18, North of England Institute of Mining Engineers, page 160,
In an operation of this kind, primarily for the purpose of extracting the gas out of the goaves, but also with a view to drain the solid coal, it is clear that it is desirable, as much as possible, to draw as directly as possible from the goaf.

1874, William Hopton, The Prevention of Catastrophes in Mines, in The Hermon Prize Essays: Essays on the Prevention of Explosions and Accidents in Coal Mines, W. M. Hutchings, page 57,
Hundreds of lives have been sacrificed by sudden outbursts of gas from the floor and goaf, and miners are constantly working in jeopardy, when a small expense would remove the gas, and prevent the casualties.

2010, Hua Guo, et al., CSIRO Coal Mining Research and Technologies, Jürgen F. Brune (editor), Extracting the Science: A Century of Mining Research, Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, page 73,
High gas emissions from the longwall goaf is one of the main problems at a number of highly gassy coal mines in Australia, resulting in a significant number of face stoppages. To address the issue of goaf gas control, CSIRO's research aimed at developing optimum goaf gas control.

(mining) The waste left in old mine workings; goafing.


bragget

From Middle English bragot, braket, from Middle Welsh bragawd, bragaut, bragod, from brag (“malt”).

You have in draughts of Darby drill'd your men,
And we have serv'd there, armed all in ale,
With the brown bowl, and charg'd in bragget stale […]

1621 August 13 (first performance; Gregorian calendar), Ben Jonson, “The Masque of the Gypsies”, in Q. Horatius Flaccus: His Art of Poetry. […], London: […] J[ohn] Okes, for John Benson […], published 1640, →OCLC:

(obsolete) A liquor made of fermented ale and honey with spices.

mead

alcoholic drink fermented from honey and water


victory garden

A kitchen garden planted in wartime to reduce the pressure on the public food supply.


superhive

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superhive.wav

(beekeeping) An empty box placed above the existing boxes of the beehive in order to allow the colony to expand or store additional honey.


superhive

en-verb

superhive (third-person singular simple present superhives, present participle superhiving, simple past and past participle superhived)

superhives (present singular third-person)
superhiving (participle present)
superhived (participle past)
superhived (past)

(beekeeping) To add or to place a superhive atop the existing boxes of the beehive.


pulverate

pulverate (third-person singular simple present pulverates, present participle pulverating, simple past and past participle pulverated)

pulverates (present singular third-person)
pulverating (participle present)
pulverated (participle past)
pulverated (past)

From Latin pulveratus, past participle of pulverare (“to pulverize”). See pulverize.

Have not we all seen the changed texture and productive quality of a weathered subsoil; seen the sterile clay from the deep drain moulder into manageable and wholesome soil under the culture of a single wintering: reminding us of the saying of Dr. Clarke, that "the frost is God's plough, which he drives through every inch of ground," pulverating and fructifying all ?

1856, “Deep Cultivation— At home and Abroad”, in British Farmer's Magazine, volume 77, page 536:

[…]shows a field of standing corn stalks being "pulverated" into a finished seedbed in one operation.

1928, Farm Machinery and Hardware, page 27:

Pulverating tough sod — making a finished seedbed, ready for planting, in one operation.

1929, Farm Equipment Red Book - Volumes 14-15, page 167:

Plowing cost less than pulverating.

1932, S. H. McCrory, Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Agricultural Engineering, page 13:

Judging from appearances, the plot which had been pulverated (plowed with a pulverator plow on March 17) and drilled immediately and the plot which had been pulverated and disked once were best.

2021, William Shurtleff, Akiko Aoyagi, History of Soybeans and the Great Agricultural Revolution (1874-2021), page 315:

(transitive, intransitive, agriculture) To break up soil or organic matter into a fine, powdery texture, often by means of a special plow.


thurl

1918, G. C. Humphrey, The Rural Efficiency Guide, Volume 4: Stock Book, page 22,
Deficiencies which are common to the hind quarters of the cow, include shortness and narrowness of rump, a drooping rump, narrowness between the thurls and pin bones and thickly fleshed thighs.

Also I would call attention to the fact that the heifers were wider through the thurls at five months of age than through the hips, but after they had become mature cows they were wider through (or across) their hips, than across their thurls.

1921, American Genetic Association, The Journal of Heredity, page 327:

[?Although] other measurements were taken, only height at withers, depth of chest and width between thurls were analysed statistically; these measurements are representative of development in height, depth and width of body, respectively.

1963, South African Journal of Agricultural Science, volume 6, page 478:

Her pin bones, thurls, and hips should be wide apart and level. The pin bones are the points at the rear of the cow protruding out from the pelvis. The thurls are the hip joints where the rear legs attach on either side of the cows pelvis.

2011, Philip Hasheider, The Family Cow Handbook: A Guide to Keeping a Milk Cow, page 40:

(agriculture, chiefly in the plural) Either of the rear hip joints where the hip connects to the upper leg in certain animals, particularly cattle; often used as a reference point for measurement.


plant-cane

A stalk or shoot of sugar cane from the first growth from the cutting.


throw-crook

two persons are engaged in the making of one rope with the throw-crook; whereas, with the spinner, four persons are only required to make three ropes

1851, Henry Stephens, The Book of the Farm:

(archaic, agriculture) A tool for twisting ropes out of straw.


turnwrest

(UK, historical, agriculture) A cumbersome kind of plough formerly used in England, especially in Kent.


tath

en-noun

tath (countable and uncountable, plural taths)

From Middle English tath, from Old Norse tað (“manure”), from Proto-Germanic *tadą (“manure”), from Proto-Indo-European *dāy- (“to divide, split, part, section”). Cognate with Icelandic tað (“manure, dung”), dialectal Swedish tad (“manure, dung”).

der

after the sheep have trod out a great quantity of stones, in feeding off turnips, to have them raked up clean, which I have known some farmers do, nor can the rake be used without taking some of the tathe, or dung, with them .

1804, Arthur Young, The Farmer's Calendar:

(UK, dialectal, agriculture, historical or archaic, Scotland) The dung of livestock left on a field to serve as manure or fertiliser.

(UK, dialectal, agriculture, histortical or archaic, Scotland) A piece of ground dunged by livestock.

(UK, dialectal, agriculture, historical or archaic, Scotland) Strong grass growing around the dung of kine.


tath

en-verb

tath (third-person singular simple present taths, present participle tathing, simple past and past participle tathed)

taths (present singular third-person)
tathing (participle present)
tathed (participle past)
tathed (past)

From Middle English tathen, from Old Norse teðja (“to manure”), from Proto-Germanic *tadjaną (“to strew, scatter”), from Proto-Indo-European *dāy- (“to divide, split, part, section”). Cognate with Icelandic teðja (“to dung, manure”), Norwegian tedja (“to dung”), German zetten (“to let fall in small pieces, let crumble”).

cog

I would have no more ploughed than has been tathed the preceding year

(UK, dialectal, agriculture, historical or archaic, Scotland) To manure (land) by pasturing cattle on it, or causing them to lie upon it.


thryfallow

en-verb

thryfallow (third-person singular simple present thryfallows, present participle thryfallowing, simple past and past participle thryfallowed)

thryfallows (present singular third-person)
thryfallowing (participle present)
thryfallowed (participle past)
thryfallowed (past)

From Middle English thry, thrie (from Old English þrīa, þrīġa (“three times, thrice”)) + fallow. Compare twifallow.

Thry fallow betime, for destroieng of weede,
least thistle and duck fall a blooming and seede

1557 February 13 (Gregorian calendar), Thomas Tusser, A Hundreth Good Pointes of Husbandrie, London: […] Richard Tottel, →OCLC; republished London: […] Robert Triphook, […], and William Sancho, […], 1810, →OCLC:

(obsolete) To plough for the third time in summer.


catch-meadow

(obsolete, dialectal, agriculture) An irrigation system in which a meadow receives water from a spring or stream on the side of a hill.


inarch

inarch (third-person singular simple present inarches, present participle inarching, simple past and past participle inarched)

inarches (present singular third-person)
inarching (participle present)
inarched (participle past)
inarched (past)

To graft by uniting, as a scion, to a stock, without separating either from its root before the union is complete.


storify

storify (third-person singular simple present storifies, present participle storifying, simple past and past participle storified)

storifies (present singular third-person)
storifying (participle present)
storified (participle past)
storified (past)

The advocates for the storifying system boast, that it is highly favourable to the formation of artificial swarms; it should, however, be previously demonstrated, that any actual advantage is to be derived from an artificial swarm.

1844, Robert Huish, Bees: Their Natural History and General Management:

(beekeeping, transitive) To store (additional honey) in additional tiers or stories of a hive.


topbar

(beekeeping) One of a set of parallel bars, at the top of a beehive, to which the bees attach their comb.


childing

From late Middle English childing (“pregnant”), from childen (“to give birth to a child”) + -ing, -inge (suffix forming the present participles of verbs, which were often used as adjectives); equivalent to child (verb) + -ing (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘having a specified characteristic, nature, or quality’, and forming the present participles of verbs).

suf

/ˈt͡ʃaɪldɪŋ/

[page 323] Bellis minor hortenſis prolifera. Double double Daiſies or childing Daiſies. […] The chiefeſt variety conſiſteth in this, that is beareth many ſmall double flowers, ſtanding vpon very ſhort ſtalkes round about the middle flower, […] [page 324] The French call them Paſquettes, and Marguerites, and the Fruitfull ſort, or thoſe that beare ſmall flowers about the middle one, Margueritons: our Engliſh women call them Iacke an Apes on horſe-backe, as they doe Marigolds before recited, or childing Daiſies: but the Phyſitians and Apothecaries doe in generall call them, eſpecially the ſingle or Field kindes, Conſolida minor.

1629, John Parkinson, “Bellis. Daisie.”, in Paradisi in Sole Paradisus Terrestris. […], London: […] Hvmfrey Lownes and Robert Yovng […], →OCLC, pages 323–324:

(horticulture) Of a flowering plant: producing younger florets around an older flower.


metayer

The metayer furnishes his labour, his ignorance, and his good appetite; the proprietor supplying an exhausted soil[…]

1829, The Foreign Quarterly Review, volume 4:

A majority of the properties are so small as not to afford a subsistence to the proprietors, of whom, according to some computations, as many as three millions are obliged to eke out their means of support either by working for hire, or by taking additional land, generally on metayer tenure.

1848, John Stuart Mill, “Continuation of the Same Subject [Of Peasant Proprietors]”, in Principles of Political Economy: With Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy. […], volume I, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], →OCLC, book II (Distribution), § 4, page 338:

A "submerged tenth" of croppers, with a few paupers; forty per cent who are metayers and thirty-nine per cent of semi-metayers and wage-laborers

1903 June 1, W[illiam] E[dward] Burghardt Du Bois, “Of the Quest of the Golden Fleece”, in The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches, 2nd edition, Chicago, Ill.: A[lexander] C[aldwell] McClurg & Co., →OCLC, page 156:

(French and Italian agriculture) One who cultivates land for a share (usually half) of its yield, receiving stock, tools, and seed from the landlord.


pleaching

Osage thorn hedge should not be pleached during severe freezing weather, but pleaching may be done in mild weather, when there is but little frost in the wood, and in the winter in southern latitudes.

1868, “Osage Hedges”, in Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for the Year 1868, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, published 1869, →OCLC, page 255:

(horticulture) A technique of interweaving living and dead branches through a hedge for stock control; plashing.


pleached

en-adj

pleached (comparative more pleached, superlative most pleached)

more pleached (comparative)
most pleached (superlative)

[T]he prince and Count Claudio, walking in a thicke pleached alley in mine orchard, were thus much ouer-heard by a man of mine: [...]

1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, Much Adoe about Nothing. […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

I, in my pleached garden, watched the pomp.

The garden ended in [...] pleached fruit trees.

2019, Ian McEwan, Machines Like Me, Jonathan Cape, page 229:

(horticulture) Of a hedge, trees, etc.: created by interweaving branches.


rape culture

From rape (“Brassica rapa plant”) + culture.

It may be added, as a final recommendation of rape culture, that this plant is valuable for its yield of honey.

The progress in rape culture in this country is one of the marvels of latter day husbandry.

1899, GW Koiner, Report of the State Board of Agriculture of Virginia:

In Flanders, where rape culture is practised upon the most extensive and economical scale, the stubble is ploughed twice […]

(agriculture) The cultivation (growing or production) of rape.

rapsin viljely

rape culture, cultivation of rape, rape cultivation


breast up

en-verb

breast up (third-person singular simple present breasts up, present participle breasting up, simple past and past participle breasted up)

breasts up (present singular third-person)
breasting up (participle present)
breasted up (participle past)
breasted up (past)

(transitive) To cut the face of (a hedge) on one side so as to lay bare the principal upright stems of the plants.


conacre

en-noun

conacre (countable and uncountable, plural conacres)

(Ireland) An agricultural system of letting land in small patches or strips, usually for tillage.

(Ireland) A strip of land that is let under this system.


conacre

en-verb

conacre (third-person singular simple present conacres, present participle conacring, simple past and past participle conacred)

conacres (present singular third-person)
conacring (participle present)
conacred (participle past)
conacred (past)

(Ireland) To underlet a proportion of, for a single crop; said of a farm.


aquacultured

(agriculture) cultivated using aquaculture


thermopriming

(agriculture) The warming of seed prior to sowing.


trench-plough

(agriculture) A plough for turning up the land more deeply than usual.


degerminator

The grains are then broken up in the degerminator, usually an impact mill.

2007, Y. H. Hui, PhD, Ramesh C. Chandan, Stephanie Clark, Handbook of Food Products Manufacturing, page 374:

(agriculture) A device that separates the germ from the husk of a cereal grain.


pottable

(horticulture) Suitable for planting in a pot.


smother crop

(agriculture) A kind of cover crop planted near a primary crop in order to prevent the growth of weeds in that area.


caschrom

The crooked spade; an implement of tillage peculiar to the Highlands, used for turning the ground where a plough cannot work because of stones.


viruliferous

en-adj

viruliferous (comparative more viruliferous, superlative most viruliferous)

more viruliferous (comparative)
most viruliferous (superlative)

Circumstantial evidence suggests that heavy infestation by viruliferous aphids can overcome the highest degree of host plant resistance.

1968, M. J. Crampton and L. E. Watts, "Genetic Studies of Pea Leaf-Roll (Top-Yellows) Virus Resistance in Pisum sativum," New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, vol, 11, no. 4, p. 773 (Google preview)

Viruliferous curl mites increase during summer on volunteer wheat, and are carried by air currents into the new wheat crop.

1992 September 3, “Farmers concerned about frost, wheat ready for planting”, in McCook Daily Gazette, retrieved 2013-03-06, page 8:

Maize streak virus, an endemic pathogen of native African grasses, was then carried to maize plants by viruliferous leafhoppers.

2007 July 10, “Resistant variety of maize giving some hope”, in The Hindu, retrieved 2013-03-06:

(biology, agriculture) Virus-carrying, especially of insects which infest agricultural crops.


milk churn

"Why, mother," laughed the farmer as he passed through the kitchen, swinging the great milk-churns, "you've got almost more than you can manage there."

1913, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, “chapter 7”, in Sons and Lovers, London: Duckworth & Co. […], →OCLC:

A tall, conical or cylindrical container for the transportation of milk.


vegetable garden

en-noun

vegetable garden (plural vegetable gardens)

The hovel stood in the centre of what had once been a vegetable garden, but was now a patch of rank weeds. Surrounding this, almost like a zareba, was an irregular ring of gorse and brambles, an unclaimed vestige of the original common.

1944, Miles Burton, chapter 5, in The Three Corpse Trick:

A garden where vegetables and herbs are grown for personal or household use, sometimes inclusive of cold frames, greenhouses, and market gardens. (This entry is a translation hub.)

pleasure ground

section of a large garden not used for edible plants

truck garden

section of a large garden used for edible plants for sale

orchard

section of a large garden used for trees bearing edible fruit


budder

(horticulture) A person who practices budding (a form of grafting).


fruitset

fruitset (countable and uncountable, plural fruitsets)

Later, Schaible (49) also noticed that tomato fruit-set is generally poor when the night temperature exceeds 23 °C. Howlett (25) points out that both night and day temperatures are important factors limiting tomato fruit-set.

1979, Robert Cowell, 1st International Symposium on Tropical Tomato:

Most workers who have studied the use of auxin sprays on tomatoes have found that although forcing fruit-set on the first 3 or 4 clusters is beneficial, auxin applications to flowers on higher clusters have very little effect.

2022 May 27, A. Carl Leopold, Auxins and Plant Growth, Univ of California Press, →ISBN, page 223:

There is a strong and positive correlation between fruit-set and gamete viability (Prasad et al., 2017). Gamete functions (pollen and ovule) is the most important factor for fruit-set under HS. In tomato, fruit-set has been shown to[…]

2022 October 14, Masayoshi Shigyo, Mostafa Abdelwahed Abdelrahman, Lam-Son Phan Tran, Physiological and Molecular Perspectives of Stress Tolerance in Vegetables, Frontiers Media SA, →ISBN, page 170:

(biology, horticulture) The "setting" (beginning of growing) of fruit, resulting from successful pollination.


orchidarium

orchidarium (plural orchidariums or orchidaria)

orchidariums (plural)
orchidaria (plural)


digging fork

A farming tool, with a long straight handle and several short, sturdy tines.


spray drain

(agriculture) A drain made by laying under earth the sprays or small branches of trees, which keep passages open.


paleoherb

(botany) A flowering plant which is neither a eudicot nor a monocot.


rock garden

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-rock garden.wav


dairy cattle

Cattle of breeds developed primarily to provide milk; most of their male calves are used for the production of veal.


animal husbandry

animal husbandry (usually uncountable, plural animal husbandries)

The management and care of farm animals by humans for profit, in which genetic qualities and behaviour, considered to be advantageous to humans, are further developed.

دامداری

Traditional animal husbandry relying on large pastures and natural water resources.

دامپروری

Animal husbandry which utilizes modern science for the aim of increasing productivity.


autocidal

(agriculture, bacteriology) Relating to autocide.


aquaponist

(agriculture) One who practises aquaponics.


harpoon fork

(agriculture, historical) A kind of hayfork, consisting of a bar with hinged barbs at one end and a loop for a rope at the other end, used for lifting hay from the load by horse power.


tea garden

A public garden where tea and other refreshments are served.

garraí tae

(marketing) Synonym of teahouse (“cafe restaurant that primarily serves tea and accompaniments”)


round dance

The round dance is never performed on a comb on which there are none or only a few bees, but it always takes place in the midst of a dense throng.

1924 February, John H. Lovell, “The Odor of Flowers as a Means of Communication Among Bees”, in The American Bee Journal, volume LXIV, number 2, Hamilton, page 76:

(beekeeping) A repetitive, circular movement done by a foraging honey bee in process of communicating to other workers that it has located a significant and nearby food source.


curly top

She soon joined the Spreckels Company near Salinas, Calif., where she worked on a sugar beet that would be resistant to the curly top virus.

1997 June 18, Karen Freeman, “Katherine Esau Is Dead at 99: A World Authority on Botany”, in New York Times, retrieved 2014-05-19:

[T]he local pigweed hosted microscopic leafhoppers that jumped from the surrounding weeds to the beet fields. The insects spread a virus commonly referred to as "curly top."

2014 April 28, Patty Cafferata, “History: Leafhoppers trounced sugar beet investors”, in Reno Gazette Journal, retrieved 2014-05-19:

(agriculture) A disease of beets, gourds, and other plants, often caused by the virus Beet curly top virus, which results in stunted or misshapen growth and curled or puckered leaves.


seam presser

(agriculture) A heavy roller to press down newly ploughed furrows.


tillage radish

tillage radish (plural tillage radishes)

(agriculture) Daikon, particularly when its large roots are left in a field through the winter to reduce soil compaction, rather than harvested for consumption.


radish ripper

From radish + ripper (“a tool or plant used to reduce soil compaction”).

(agriculture, uncommon) The daikon, particularly when its large roots are left in a field through the winter to reduce soil compaction, rather than harvested for consumption.


fodder radish

(agriculture) The daikon, particularly when grown for animal fodder rather than for human consumption.


oilseed radish

oilseed radish (plural oilseed radishes)

(agriculture) Synonym of daikon, particularly when grown for its oil-bearing seeds or as a fallow crop, rather than for human consumption.


stock down

en-verb

stock down (third-person singular simple present stocks down, present participle stocking down, simple past and past participle stocked down)

stocks down (present singular third-person)
stocking down (participle present)
stocked down (participle past)
stocked down (past)

(agriculture) To sow, as ploughed land, with grass seed.


A&P

(agriculture) Initialism of agriculture and pastoral.


smearer

[…] when the smearer had inlaid with his mixture of butter and tar, that number of the fleeces of the living flock which it was his daily task thus to cover from the cold,

1807, Robert Heron, The Comforts of Human Life, London: Oddy and Co., Dialogue 4, page 110:

The animal is placed upon a stool just broad and long enough to contain his body either when laid across or at length; and having a narrow projection at one end, forming a seat on which the smearer sits astride.

1841, chapter 39, in British Husbandry, volume 2, London: Baldwin & Cradock, page 478:

I know of a farm having a sheep stock of 5000 head; it gives permanent employment to seven shepherds, six hands at clipping, twelve smearers for six weeks, three extra hands at wintering, and three extra at lambing.

1893, James Cameron Lees, Stronbuy; Or, Hanks of Highland Yarn, Edinburgh: Macniven & Wallace, page 168:

[…] I emptied the trickling mire upon my baking wound, rubbing it in with my fingers as a smearer rubs his tar into the divided fleece of a sheep.

1895, John A. Steuart, chapter 21, in In the Day of Battle, London: Sampson Low, Marston, page 256:

1910, Duncan Campbell, Reminiscences and Reflections of an Octogenarian Highlander, Inverness: Northern Counties Newspaper and Printing and Publishing Company, Chapter 33, p. 217,
Smearing has long been displaced by dips, to the detriment of the poor sheep […] . It could not be kept on much longer than it was, because with the desolation of the country districts, smearers were not to be found in most places.

(Scotland, agriculture, historical) A worker employed to apply a tar-based salve to sheep to protect their skin during the winter.


townfield

(agriculture, historical) A field divided up between a number of farmers.


hori-hori

Detectorists may also carry headphones, a metal detecting shovel, hand tools such as a hori-hori (a serrated, steel hand shovel), a “finds pouch,” and a hand-held precision detector called a pinpointer.

2021 May 31, Alexandra Marvar, “The New Detectorists”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


stumpery

(horticulture) A garden feature similar to a rockery but made from parts of dead trees, especially stumps.


Scotch plough

Invented in the 19th century by a Scotsman, James Anderson of Hermiston.

(historical, agriculture) A wood and iron animal-drawn plough.


frost-tender

en-adj

frost-tender (comparative more frost-tender, superlative most frost-tender)

more frost-tender (comparative)
most frost-tender (superlative)

I found out to my cost that the tree fern I brought back from New Zealand was frost-tender, and it didn't survive the winter.

(horticulture) Of plants: unable to tolerate frost, and liable to die if exposed to it.


mad honey

Honey that is toxic or psychoactive due to chemicals in plants or the environment.


fruticulture

(agriculture) The branch of agriculture that deals with the growing of fruit.


Bt

Bacillus thuringiensis
Bacillus thuringiensis#Translingual

(bacteriology, agriculture) Bacillus thuringiensis, a species of bacteria used for biological control of insects.


Lyc

en-noun

Lyc (countable and uncountable, plural Lycs)

(horticulture) Abbreviation of Lycaste. (a type of orchid)


fedge

What do you get when you cross a fence with a hedge? The answer is a fedge, which you can make by weaving fresh willow branches together, with their bases nestled into moist soil so they take root and grow. You can start a fedge with willow or other woody cuttings gathered from woods or roadsides […]

2006, Barbara Pleasant, Easy Garden Projects to Make, Build, and Grow: 200 Do-it-yourself Ideas to Help You Grow Your Best Garden Ever, Dublin, N.H.: Yankee Publishing, →ISBN, page 254:

Fast growing and quick to take root, even from a cut stem, willow is a great sustainable resource that can be used to make living fences, or fedges – as well as retaining structures, arches, and arbours. The best time to make your own fedge is in the winter when the willow is dormant.

2011, Alice Bowe, High-Impact, Low-Carbon Gardening: 1001 Ways to Garden Sustainably, Portland, Or.: Timber Press, →ISBN, page 79:

What's in a name? Hedge, Fedge, Living Fencerow, Fredge ... […] A tentative truce between British and American agricultural geographers over terminology was brokered when a young British landscape designer trained at Oxford tried to popularize the term fedge in her book High-Impact, Low-Carbon Gardening, which was simultaneously released on both sides of the pond. And yet the term has not gained much currency, so I will propose another, hopefully more memorable one. I suggest that we rally behind another syllogism, the fredge, which takes its f and r from fence and row, and the rest of its letters from hedge and edge.

2013, Gary Paul Nabhan, Growing Food in a Hotter, Drier Land: Lessons from Desert Farmers on Adapting to Climate Uncertainty, White River Junction, Vt.: Chelsea Green Publishing, →ISBN, page 37:

Ryan Kelly has a young fedge (a living willow hedge). Alan Jefferson has a boundary windbreak of substantial hawthorn. Both ask if I think it would be feasible or a good idea to plant roses to mingle with the hedging plants, and if so, what kind of rose would I suggest.

2015 February 7, Helen Yemm, “Thorny problems: How can I soften a brick wall with plants?”, in The Daily Telegraph (London), page G7:

(horticulture) A fence made up of living plants, especially willow, thus somewhat resembling a hedge.


aquafarm

(agriculture) A facility where aquaculture is carried out.


floretum

Coordinate term: arboretum

A garden where flowers are grown for research purposes.


prenursery

(agriculture, education) Before entering a nursery.


stonebrood

Stonebrood disease of honey bees is rare and is considered to be of minor importance to beekeepers. Both brood and adult bees are susceptible to attack by several species of fungi belonging to the genus Aspergillus.

1978, Roger A. Morse, Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases, page 93:

A disease of honey bees caused by Aspergillus fungi that cover the larvae with a hard layer of powdery spores.


Chaush

Vitis vinifera
Vitis vinifera#Translingual

(agriculture) A cultivar of Vitis vinifera (“wine grape”).


Tchaush

The grapes are much more palatable than the celebrated kinds coming from Bokhara, and superior even to the Tchaush grapes from the environs of Smyrna.

1885, Ármin Vámbéry, The coming struggle for India: being an account of the encroachments of Russia in Central Asia, and of the difficulties sure to arise therefrom to England, London [u.a.]: Cassell, →OCLC, page 105:

(agriculture) Archaic spelling of Chaush (“a cultivar of vinifera grape”).


Chaouch

If abortion occurs even later, as in the cultivar 'Chaouch,' normal-size fruit develop containing hard empty seeds.

2008, Ronald S. Jackson, Wine science: principles and applications, 3rd edition, Food science and technology international series, Amsterdam, Boston: Elsevier, →ISBN, page 72:

(agriculture) A cultivar of Vitis vinifera (“common grape vine”).


honey mustard

honey mustard (usually uncountable, plural honey mustards)

A blend of mustard and honey, used as a dip, as a sandwich filling, etc.


milking machine

milking machine (plural milking machines)


catch crop

1900-1902, Liberty Hyde Bailey, Cyclopedia of American Horticulture
Radishes […] are often grown as a catch crop with other vegetables.

Any crop grown between the rows of another crop or intermediate between two crops in ordinary rotation in point of time.


kleros

Borrowed from Ancient Greek κλῆρος (klêros).

(historical) A plot of agricultural land granted to a citizen under the cleruchy system.


veganic

Of or relating to a form of agriculture that uses no animal products.


drillable

In putting on fertilizers, care should be taken to see that the material is in good drillable condition.

1915, Farm Machinery and Equipment, page 16:

All fertilizers tested are drillable at relative humidities below 50 per cent, but no fertilizer remains drillable when exposed to a humidity above its hygroscopic point.

1930, Experiment Station Record - Volume 63, page 582:

In previous work (10) it was found that materials of low initial moisture content remained drillable for longer periods of time, but became undrillable at about the same moisture content as did materials of high initial moisture content.

1958, Charles W. Gantt, Walter C. , Herbert F. Rapp, John O. Hardesty Hulburt, “Determining the Drillability of Fertilizers”, in Soil and Crop Studies at the Big Spring (Texas) Field Station:

(agriculture) Suitable for being applied using a seed drill.


cradler

For use in a nursery for cradling a baby to sleep, a baby cradler comprising, in combination, a stand embodying a mobile base, uprights attached to and rising perpendicularly from the base and having axially aligned bearings, […]

1962, Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office, page 1261:

[…] this practice offers infants the soothing sounds of the cradler's heartbeat […]

2012, Albert C. Cafagna, Richard T. Peterson, Craig A. Staudenbaur, Philosophy, Children, and the Family, page 90:


aquafeed

aquafeed (countable and uncountable, plural aquafeeds)

Lastly, LipG1 was evaluated as an aquafeed additive for juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

2015 July 6, “A Novel Lipase as Aquafeed Additive for Warm-Water Aquaculture”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(agriculture) Any feed for aquatic organisms as part of aquaculture.


CAFO

(agriculture) Initialism of concentrated animal feeding operation; factory farm.


bokashi

For a bokashi starter kit, try evengreener.com .

2015 July 18, Jane Perrone, “Gardens: what to do this week”, in The Guardian:

(horticulture) The use of a mixture of microorganisms to cover food waste to decrease smell, based on an old Japanese farming practice.


borrowed scenery

From calque translation of Chinese 借景 (jièjǐng), or Japanese 借景 (shakkei).

The principle of incorporating background landscape into the composition of a garden found in traditional East Asian garden design.


flower garden

A mile or so further on is the intermediate station of Ryhall, smothered with primroses in the season, and at all times a veritable flower garden.

1946 September and October, D. J. Rowett, “Stamford L.N.E.R.”, in Railway Magazine, page 283:

A garden where flowers are grown for decorative purposes.


hedge maze

An outdoor garden maze in which the walls between passages are made of vertical hedges.


fertigate

en-verb

fertigate (third-person singular simple present fertigates, present participle fertigating, simple past and past participle fertigated)

fertigates (present singular third-person)
fertigating (participle present)
fertigated (participle past)
fertigated (past)

(transitive, agriculture) To carry out fertigation on.


overdunged

en-adj

overdunged (comparative more overdunged, superlative most overdunged)

more overdunged (comparative)
most overdunged (superlative)

That the land may not be overdunged, and the crop consequently lodged, care must be taken not to lay above forty such cart-loads on the Swedish acre for spring corn; each cart containing 180 gallons English, or 1920 lbs.

1844, Cuthbert William Johnson, On Fertilizers, page 112:

(agriculture) fertilized with too much dung


vertical farming

The cultivation of plants within a skyscraper greenhouse or on vertically inclined surfaces.


hügelkultur

From German Hügelkultur, from Hügel + Kultur.

(agriculture) composting: process employing raised planting beds constructed on top of decaying wood debris and other compostable biomass plant materials.


monocropping

(agriculture) The practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land.


dampen off

en-verb

dampen off (third-person singular simple present dampens off, present participle dampening off, simple past and past participle dampened off)

dampens off (present singular third-person)
dampening off (participle present)
dampened off (participle past)
dampened off (past)

(agriculture, intransitive) To become damp, especially too damp for an intended agricultural purpose.


white crop

22. White Crops—are such as become bleached, or turn white and dry while ripening their seed; such are all the various kinds of grain.

1837 August 15, “Explanation of Terms”, in The Farmers' Cabinet, Philadelphia, Vol.II No.2 p.26:

Commencing, say, with potatoes, the small farmer will afterwards grow two or three white crops in succession, and get in addition a catch-crop of turnips after rye (invariably), sometimes sowing carrots in wheat or flax.

1870 Augustus Voelcker and H.M. Jenkins, "Report on the Agriculture of Belgium" in The Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England 2nd Ser. Vol.6 p.18

(obsolete, agriculture) A cereal crop; a crop which turns from green to white or yellow as it ripens


green crop

After opening from pasture, two crops of oats; one of any green crop, as peas or beans in broad cast, or potatoes or turnips in drills, all with sufficient dunging; one of barley in broad cast, sown down with rye-grass and clover seeds ; two in hay, and four in pasture. This rotation is completed in ten years. Many leave out the green crop, which reduces the rotation to nine years.

1794 Bryce Johnson General View of the Agriculture of the County of Dumfries (London: T. Wright) pp.20-21

22. Green Crops—are such as continue green while ripening their seed, or till taken off the ground; such as peas, beans, cabbage, carrots, turneps [sic], &c.

(obsolete, agriculture) A vegetable crop, as opposed to a cereal crop; a crop which has green leaves when harvested


north forty

I headed out to the barn for a ten-minute milking job, and the cow took off and ran to the far end of the north forty.

2005, Don Aslett, Done!, →ISBN, page 185:

(agriculture, usually preceded by the) A 40-acre section of land, located in the northernmost part of a farm or ranch.


field slave

A slave whose duties primarily entail working in a field, such as in agriculture, as opposed to a house slave.


agriculturalism

A school of Chinese philosophy, prevalent during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods (770 to 221 BC), that advocated for peasant utopian communalism and egalitarianism.


food garden

vegetable garden
vegetable garden#English


hortology

The craft, art and science of gardening.


jhum

(agriculture) A tribal form of cultivation in India, where a chosen piece of land is cleared and used to grow crops until its fertility is depleted.


beneficial insect

en-noun

beneficial insect (plural beneficial insects)

(agriculture) Any species of insect that provides pollination or pest control.


rickyard

... at last we got into a real country road again, with windmills, rick-yards, milestones, farmers' waggons, scents of old hay, swinging signs, and horse troughs: trees, fields, and hedge-rows.

1853, Charles Dickens, chapter 6, in Bleak House:


monocrop

For many residents, a monocrop of million-dollar homes is nearly as awful a nightmare as suburban sprawl.

2015 November 3, Greg Beato, “Communities Come Together to Make Homes More Affordable”, in New York Times:

(agriculture) A crop of a single kind, grown without others.


ball out

en-verb

ball out (third-person singular simple present balls out, present participle balling out, simple past and past participle balled out)

balls out (present singular third-person)
balling out (participle present)
balled out (participle past)
balled out (past)

(transitive, horticulture) To move a plant with its rootball attached.


kharif

From Urdu خریف (xarīf), from Arabic خَرِيف (ḵarīf, “autumn”)

(South Asia) Of crops: cultivated and harvested during the monsoon season.


unsprouted

(horticulture) ungerminated; without sprouts (of seed)


NGP

(agriculture) Initialism of natural growth promoter (feed additives for farm animals)


subirrigate

subirrigate (third-person singular simple present subirrigates, present participle subirrigating, simple past and past participle subirrigated)

subirrigates (present singular third-person)
subirrigating (participle present)
subirrigated (participle past)
subirrigated (past)

(agriculture) To irrigate from below, using the subirrigation technique.


subirrigation

en-noun

subirrigation (countable and uncountable, plural subirrigations)

Subirrigation is used in growing field crops such as tomatoes, peppers, and sugar cane in areas with high water tables, such as Florida, and in commercial greenhouse operations.

(agriculture) A method of irrigation where water is delivered to the plant rootzone from below the soil surface and absorbed upwards. The excess water may be collected for reuse.


multifloral

Experimental bees were fed 500 μL of 30% sucrose control solution and a 6 mg lump of multifloral pollen (Koppert Biological Systems, Howell, Michigan) for two days.

2015 December 11, “Possible Synergistic Effects of Thymol and Nicotine against Crithidia bombi Parasitism in Bumble Bees”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

Of or relating to more than one (variety of) flower.


checkrow

en-verb

checkrow (third-person singular simple present checkrows, present participle checkrowing, simple past and past participle checkrowed)

checkrows (present singular third-person)
checkrowing (participle present)
checkrowed (participle past)
checkrowed (past)

(agriculture) To plant seeds at the intersections of a criss-cross pattern previously marked out on the ground.


honey extractor

en-noun

honey extractor (plural honey extractors)

A circular tank or drum in which honey is extracted from honeycomb by centrifugal force.


ear tag

(agriculture) A tag attached to the ear of an animal (usually a farm animal) to identify ownership.


beeskep

A skep; a beehive made of straw or wicker.


Langstroth hive

Langstroth hive (plural Langstroth hives)

Named after L. L. Langstroth (1810–1895), US clergyman and beekeeper.

A beehive made up of frames that can easily be removed to access the honeycombs.


three sisters

A calque from an Iroquoian language, compare Mohawk áhsen nikontatenò:sen, Oneida áshʌnaɂtekutahnú·tele, and Onondaga ahsę́ naˀdegųdęhnų́·dæ·ˀ.
First attested in 1850 in the context of Iroquoian mythology (see quote below). Use in reference to the plants themselves first attested in the 1890s (see also below).

One beautiful idea relates to the corn, beans and squashes, all indigenous plants which are called three sisters as well as their life or supporters. The thought is a happy one, for they grow together, and were always important in Indian life.

[1892, William M. Beauchamp, “Iroquois Stories”, in The Iroquois Trail, or Footprints of the Six Nations, […] , Fayetteville: H. C. Beauchamp, →LCCN, page 128:

The three sisters work together as companion plants in many ways. Growing wide-spreading pumpkin vine among vertically oriented corn and beans saves space.

2012, Gail Damerow, The Perfect Pumpkin: Growing/Cooking/Carving, Storey Publishing, →ISBN, page 56:

She gave me specifics on what to plant and the layout of the garden. Traditional Native American plants, heirloom varieties only, no GMOs allowed. Use the three sisters approach for planting corn, squash and beans, ilito onions would ring the interior of the fence and sunflowers would stand tall.

2012, Kathleen O’Dwyer, Breathing Blue: Giving my life to Spirit and Spirit to my life, AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 151:

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris#Translingual

(US, Canada, agriculture, horticulture) The combination of maize (corn), pole beans (Phaseolus vulgaris or climbing beans, string beans, etc.), and squash (i.e. pumpkin), especially when planted together in intertwined plantings.


milkshed

From milk + shed, by analogy with watershed.

Counties adjoining a large city tended to supply most of its milk before highway and trucking improvements broadened the milkshed.

(agriculture, economics) A region producing milk that may be supplied to the area of demand with practical (competitively advantageous) speed and cost of transport.


soil fertility

soil fertility (usually uncountable, plural soil fertilities)

(horticulture) The ability of a soil to sustain plant growth.


ratooner

(agriculture) A plant that sprouts ratoons.


agrobusiness

agrobusiness (countable and uncountable, plural agrobusinesses)

/ˈæɡɹəʊˌbɪznəs/

/ˈæɡɹoʊˌbɪznəs/


afterswarm

A swarm of bees that leaves the hive after the primary swarm.


old rose

(horticulture) A rose belonging to any of the classes of cultivated roses in existence before the hybrid tea roses were developed.


animal science

animal science (countable and uncountable, plural animal sciences)

The academic discipline which examines the biology of animals typically under the control of humans such as livestock and domestic animals.


agro-environmental

Relating to the agricultural environment or to the effects of agriculture on the natural environment


IPM

IPM (countable and uncountable, plural IPMs)

It is within the framework of IPM, rather than as a stand-alone insect control measure, that insect-resistant GM crops have the greatest potential to contribute to the establishment of sustainable crop protection systems.

2008, George G. Kennedy, Integration of Insect-Resistant Genetically Modified Crops within IPM Programs:

integrated pest management
integrated pest management#English

(agriculture) Abbreviation of integrated pest management.


dairy farmer

(agriculture) A farmer who maintains a herd of dairy cows for the production of milk.


cow cocky

Coordinate term: cowkeeper

Three months in hospital being poked and prodded like a preize heifer and then it's the long way home for me when the last damn thing I want to do is be a cow cocky like my dad or a flamin' sheep farmer like the old man.

2018, Ngaio Marsh, Stella Duffy, Money in the Morgue, →ISBN, page 135:

(Australia, New Zealand, informal) A small-scale dairy farmer.


sabbath of the land

sabbath of the land (plural sabbaths of the land)

(agriculture) The period, occurring every seventh year, when fields were traditionally left fallow.


goback

There may be one or a dozen or perhaps a hundred or so of supers with partly filled sections, and these are all designated as "gobacks". They are either placed on top of other supers that are being built out from foundation, or upon colonies that seem to show a special aptitude for finishing up gobacks.

1900 August 2, “Dr. Miller's "Goback" Sections”, in American Bee Journal, volume 40:

Bees will then work in the whole super evenly and leave no gobacks.

1909, Gleanings in Bee Culture, volume 37, page 787:

(beekeeping) A section of honeycomb that is unfinished and returned to the hive.


seedzone

(agriculture) A specific geographical area from which seeds are collected.


seedlot

(agriculture) A particular batch of seeds, often collected from a specific zone (the seedzone).


first flush

But, because the first flush of growth is from a preformed bud and subsequent flushes are from buds developed during the current growing season, chilling directly affects only the first flush.

1979, S. P. Wells, Chilling requirements for optimal growth of Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir seedlings, page 2:

Planting dates, soil moisture, nutrition, and pest management should be designed to protect the first flush of floral buds, flowers, and pods.

1996, University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Blackeye Bean Prduction in California, page 4:

The first harvest, from the end of February to early April, is called the "first flush" and is when the tea with the finest aroma is collected.

2006, Rose Marie Donhauser, Little Tea Book, →ISBN, page 14:

After harvesting the first flush, clean up all the withered pinheads and debris on the surface of the block.

2010, Craig Wallin, Golden Harvest, →ISBN, page 53:

(horticulture) The first growth of buds, flowers, seeds, or whatever is harvested from a plant.


living mulch

(agriculture) A cover crop interplanted or undersown with the main crop, and intended to fulfil the functions of a mulch, such as weed suppression and regulation of soil temperature.


storification

storification (countable and uncountable, plural storifications)

(beekeeping) The process of storifying (storing honey in additional tiers of a hive).


dairy cow

The Holstein Friesian is an excellent dairy cow. [breed]

He runs a herd of dairy cows, including his own bulls. [cattle beast]

Mastitis impairs a dairy cow’s output. [lactating female]

Any breed of cow bred for the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made; an individual cattle beast of such a breed; especially, a female cow who has calved and lactated.


mini-chitted

(agriculture) Made to sprout or germinate to a limited extent, so that the resulting shoot is very small.


overshift

en-verb

overshift (third-person singular simple present overshifts, present participle overshifting, simple past and past participle overshifted)

overshifts (present singular third-person)
overshifting (participle present)
overshifted (participle past)
overshifted (past)

/ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌʃɪft/

/ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈʃɪft/

We presume it to be a plant requiring to be grown in peat earth, and :to have the pots in which it is, grown well and carefully drained of superfluous water; and we should further suppose it undesirable to overshift it, especially while young, and in an unestablished condition.

1849, Annals of Horticulture - Volume 4, page 155:

Particular care must be taken not to overshift such kinds as E. tricolor and its varieties, retorta, Hartnellii, &c. During their progress in growth, attention must be given to train and form the plants as may be desired.

1852, The Floricultural Cabinet, and Florists' Magazine - Volume 20, page 34:

(horticulture) To replant or repot too soon or too often.


landcare

A community scheme for taking care of agricultural land, preventing soil degradation, etc.


compost heap

(horticulture) a pile of garden or other organic waste which is left to decompose. See also compost.


growing season

the part of a year when weather conditions and temperatures are favourable for the growth of plants and trees.


frommarding

(agriculture, West Country, Gloucestershire dialect) The ploughing done by turning the horses to the right-hand side.


lazy-bed

(agriculture, historical) a ridge of ground generally used for growing potatoes and sometimes also for raising corn, the seed being laid on the surface and covered with earth dug out of trenches along both sides


rape rack

The little data we now possess [suggest] that rape-rack experience does not overcome female frigidity — a finding not completely surprising.

1995, Kenneth J. Zucker, Susan J. Bradley, Gender Identity Disorder and Psychosexual Problems in Children and Adolescents, →ISBN:

Undoubtedly, milk production for human consumption is violence against the female reproductive system and sanctity of motherhood; thus, the “rape rack” enables and defends a world of rapists.

2013, Kara Davis, Wendy Lee, Defiant Daughters, →ISBN:

...the queen bee's wings so that she can't leave the colony or to have her artificially inseminated on a bee-sized version of the factory farm “rape rack.”

2013, Malik Kalonji, Mother Earth's Poet, →ISBN:

Indeed, it is hard to take seriously the idea that many of the practices of intensive agriculture — the rape rack, the farrowing crate, live export, the use of growth-promoting drugs, genetic manipulation, and so on — are either natural or morally benign.

2014, Lori Gruen, The Ethics of Captivity, →ISBN:

The first item that caught my attention was the Rape Rack: the machine to which cows are strapped while they are “artificially inseminated” repeatedly until conception.

2015, Until Every Animal is Free, →ISBN:

artificially inseminated
artificial insemination

(slang) A device for restraining an animal, in experimentation or the dairy and meat industry, so that it can be artificially inseminated or mated with by another animal. In the livestock industry it is called a feed rack or stanchion.


milking parlour

en-noun

milking parlour (plural milking parlours)

Coordinate term: milkshed

Two North American models (Rodenburg 2002, Rotz et al., 2003) suggest that on large farms, as the hours of use of large automated milking parlours increase, their relative economic advantage over AM-systems increases.

2004, Albert Meijering, Automatic Milking: A Better Understanding, page 35:

(British spelling) A large room (in a barn) designed for the mechanical milking of cows.


milking parlor

(American spelling) Alternative spelling of milking parlour.


manuka honey

manuka honey (usually uncountable, plural manuka honeys)

A monofloral honey produced from nectar of the manuka tree.


sheep station

(Australia, New Zealand) A very large sheep farm, usually situated in the back country.


go-harvest

Possibly from goose + harvest; see gossamer.

(Scotland, agriculture, obsolete) The open weather between the end of harvest and the appearance of snow or frost; the time of year between the end of harvest and winter.


hell-rake

(archaic, agriculture) A spring-tooth rake.


leacher

(agriculture) A substance that leaches from the soil.


sensory garden

A garden designed to incorporate scent, sound, etc. so as to be accessible and enjoyable for visitors who may have sensory impairments.


bee vacuum

(beekeeping) A suction device somewhat like a vacuum cleaner, used to capture swarms of bees.


hanging garden

An artistic garden or a small urban farm: attached to or built on a wall.

A garden formed in terraces rising one above another, like those of Nebuchadnezzar at Babylon.


guest ranch

A type of ranch oriented towards visitors or tourism.


queen-cage

(beekeeping) A small case used to introduce and protect a new queen bee to a queenless hive in order to determine whether the new queen will be accepted or rejected


agripreneur

An agripreneur needs technical and material support to succeed in any agribusiness endeavor.

1988, Agribusiness Opportunities: A Practical How-to Book on Livelihood and Agricultural Business Ventures:


pizza farm

An educational visitor attraction in the form of a small farm on a circular piece of land partitioned into plots shaped like pizza wedges. Each plot produces one ingredient that can be used in pizza, such as wheat, tomatoes, or pork.


inshell

Live inshell scallops are preferable to frozen scallop meats.

The insects that attack inshell peanuts consist of several species of beetles and of moths.

1966, Calvin Golumbic, Hamilton Laudani, “Storage and Warehousing”, in Protecting our Food, United States: Department of Agriculture, page 141:

The stain […] contains iodine, which is also a permitted disinfectant for inshell eggs.

1985 January, David Pyrah, “Staining Machine Improves Detection of Cracked Eggs”, in Agricultural Research, page 15:

Recent research shows that people snacking on inshell pistachios ate 41 percent fewer calories than those who consumed shelled nuts.

(agriculture, fishery) (of nuts, eggs, shellfish) Not removed from the shell.


inshell

Inshells are shipped in 50-pound sacks, while shelled walnut pieces are shipped in 25-pound bags'

(agriculture, fishery) A product (nut, shellfish) that has not been removed from its shell.


regal geranium

(flowers, horticulture) Any of a group of hybrid pelargoniums known for their upright habit and large, showy flowers, Pelargonium × domesticum


Martha Washington geranium

Martha Washington geranium (plural Martha Washington geraniums)

Named after Martha Washington, the wife of US president George Washington.

(US, flowers, horticulture) Synonym of regal geranium


zonal geranium

(horticulture, flowers) Any of Pelargonium × hortorum, a hybrid of Pelargonium zonale and Pelargonium inquinans; the common or garden geranium.


overprune

en-verb

overprune (third-person singular simple present overprunes, present participle overpruning, simple past and past participle overpruned)

overprunes (present singular third-person)
overpruning (participle present)
overpruned (participle past)
overpruned (past)

This usually overprunes the tree, removing valuable sources of carbohydrates for root growth and development of trunk caliper.

1988, James R. Feucht, Landscape Management: Planting and Maintenance of Trees, Shrubs and Turfgrasses:

(transitive, horticulture) To prune too much.


disc harrow

(agriculture) A harrow comprising a series of angled discs


overtill

overtill (third-person singular simple present overtills, present participle overtilling, simple past and past participle overtilled)

overtills (present singular third-person)
overtilling (participle present)
overtilled (participle past)
overtilled (past)

Avoid overtilling the soil, as this may damage it.

(transitive, intransitive, agriculture) To till too much.


field tile

en-noun

field tile (plural field tile or field tiles)

field tile (plural)
field tiles (plural)

a type of hollow clay drainage pipe laid end to end mainly in agricultural fields, with a small gap between each one so water can seep into the pipe.


agrimetrics

We're South Africa's science councils Agricultural Research Council— Made up of 13 institutes covering topics from agrimetrics and plant biotechnology, to research on crops, soil and pests.

1994, New Scientist, volume 141, numbers 1908-1918, page 13:

For the third straight year Hybrid Turkeys leads in both independent strain studies and agrimetrics summaries.

1997, International Hatchery Practice, volumes 12-13:

Quantifiable comparisons are done sequentially, examining: • within peer group comparisons, such as agrimetrics; • within system farm-level mean measures; • within system measures of variance; and • within production flow measures using descriptive measures.

2003, David E. Reeves, “Benchmarking reproductive performance within production systems”, in 2003 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference:

• Mapping and enhancing different decision making tools for farmers • Influencing EC to develop agrimetrics data • Adopting and developing emerging technologies and infrastructures

2016, Report of the kick off meeting of the Knowledge Network on Sustainable Intensification (KNSI), 3 June 2016, Wageningen:

(statistics, agriculture) The measurement of fields or agricultural data.


agrimetric

Under Ambassador's direction and in light new aid concepts, team will undertake such exploration and will review US assistance to Thailand, including specifically such items as […] (e) community development, including agrimetric centers in border areas, particularly Northeast.

1994, “Thailand”, in Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963: Southeast Asia, volume XXIII, Washington: United States Department of State: United States Government Printing Office, →ISBN, page 878:

Data and technology have a central role to play in increasing the productivity and competitiveness of British farming. Last October, I launched the first of our agri-tech centres of excellence, the agrimetric centre at Rothamsted. They will develop new software models to improve our ability to understand and utilise the huge volume of data that exist.

2016 May 5, The Minister of State, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (George Eustice), “Commons Chamber: Oral Answers to Questions: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs: British Farming”, in House of Commons Hansard (House of Commons), volume 609, column 293:

(statistics, agriculture) Relating to agrimetrics.


cold-natured

en-adj

cold-natured (comparative more cold-natured, superlative most cold-natured)

more cold-natured (comparative)
most cold-natured (superlative)

Line the whole crust or fortifying boundary on its inside to the north, facing the south, with a conservatory for tropical plants, &c, that shall enclose twenty acres ; line it to the south, facing the north, with a conservatory of the same size for " cold- natured vegetation."

1852, Charles Dickens, Household Words - Volume 6, page 276:

In addition to being an SSE member, we are also conducting our own seed exchange program, and we will gladly send trial samples of either Siberia or Glacier to SSE members for any cold-natured variety of tomato, beans, peas, squash or pumpkin that is no longer being sold.

1984, Kent Whealy, Seed Savers ... Summer Edition, page 103:

Thus, fish are moister and cooler; land animals are warmer; hot-natured trees thrive in warmer climates, and cold-natured plants in cold.

1997, Per Bilde, Conventional Values of the Hellenistic Greeks, →ISBN, page 116:

(horticulture) Thriving in colder environments.


hot-natured

hot-natured (comparative more hot-natured, superlative most hot-natured)

more hot-natured (comparative)
most hot-natured (superlative)

You will find plenty of possibilities among other hot-natured annuals that share bloom time with abelmoschus.

2000, Barbara Pleasant, Annual flowers, →ISBN, page 66:

... as there is no frost or snow in the south and flowers growing there are hot-natured too.

(horticulture) Thriving in hotter environments; tropical or semitropical.


brown leaf

(agriculture) A condition of timothy grass, with a wide range of contributors, that adversely affects the marketability of timothy hay.


virgin honey

Honey that flows of itself from the honeycomb.


truck farm

(chiefly US) A small-scale farm larger than a market garden but smaller than a full-scale farm involving the use of tractors or livestock.


dairy farm

A place where dairy farming takes place.


teart

Dialectal form of tart, applied by British farmers to soils since before the era of chemical science and the discovery of molybdenum but retroactively defined by molybdenum concentration and pH level.

Abstract: The novelty of the subject matter and the fact that the information is conveyed in the form of a bulletin addressed to farmers, pending later publication of further experimental data in the scientific press, justifies a lengthy abstract for readers of the Veterinary Bulletin. The local word "teart" (i.e. tart) is applied to land and pastures [in Somerset, Warwickshire, and Gloucestershire] upon which severe scouring occurs in grazing ruminants, particularly cows in milk and young stock. Sheep are less affected, and horses and pigs appear to be unaffected. […] Most affected farms contain both teart and non-teart land and the degree of "teartness" varies with season and from field to field. […] The cause of teartness is traced to the presence of molybdenum in the herbage in amounts varying from 20-100 p.p.m. of the dry matter, and the degree of teartness is roughly proportional to the molybdenum content, particularly to the amount in water-soluble form. Of the total molybdenum present, about 80% is soluble in the case of green grass, about 40% in the case of hay, and 10% in the case of moribund winter herbage. Hence growing pastures may be teart even when cut hay is not. […] [Various ameliorants are available but] Wherever possible, however, it is advisable to convert teart pastures to arable land. [H.H. Green, abstracter, in an abstract of a forthcoming bulletin from Imperial Chemical Industries.]

Ferguson WS, Lewis AH, Watson SJ (1941) The Teart Pasture of Somerset: Cause of Teartness and its Prevention. Bulletin No. 1 of the Jealott's Hill Research Station., →OCLC

Teart soils contain molybdenum in amounts varying from about 0·002 to 0·010% in the surface horizon and are neutral or alkaline in reaction and often calcareous. The contents of molybdenum increase down the soil profile. Those [soils] which are acid in reaction in the surface horizons are not teart even if their molybdenum content is high. […] How a knowledge of the relation between soil and teartness can be turned to practical advantage is briefly discussed.

1943, AH Lewis, “The teart pastures of Somerset: II. Relation between soil and teartness”, in The Journal of Agricultural Science, volume 33, number 1, →DOI, pages 52–57:

(agriculture and soil science, of pasture soils) Tending toward scouring (diarrheal illness) in grazing livestock, being high in molybdenum content and neutral to alkaline in pH.


wineland

A region where grapes are grown for the production of wine.


heliculture

(agriculture) The farming of (typically edible) snails


cultipacker

(agriculture) A piece of agricultural equipment that crushes dirt clods, removes air pockets, and presses down small stones, forming a smooth, firm seedbed.


ear-tag

en-verb

ear-tag (third-person singular simple present ear-tags, present participle ear-tagging, simple past and past participle ear-tagged)

ear-tags (present singular third-person)
ear-tagging (participle present)
ear-tagged (participle past)
ear-tagged (past)

Coordinate term: earmark

(agriculture) to attach an ear tag to the ear of an animal.


chemical-free

(agriculture) not involving the use of artificial chemicals in farming, such as insecticides or fertilisers.


sphrigosis

From Ancient Greek σφριγάω (sphrigáō, “to be vigorous”) + -osis.

der

(horticulture, obsolete) In a tree, excessive growth of wood and leaves at the expense of fruit.


true to seed

(horticulture) Yielding the same type of a plant as that from which a seed was taken.


sartage

(agriculture) The clearing of woodland for agricultural purposes.


cormogenesis

(horticulture) The production of a corm.


chattering damsel

en-noun

chattering damsel (plural chattering damsels)

The constant noise it produced was humorously likened to a talkative woman.

(agriculture) A component of a traditional mill which creates a vibratory motion to impel portions of grain toward the millstone.

cacarexo

component of a mill which creates a vibratory motion to impel portions of grain toward the millstone


dehaulm

en-verb

dehaulm (third-person singular simple present dehaulms, present participle dehaulming, simple past and past participle dehaulmed)

dehaulms (present singular third-person)
dehaulming (participle present)
dehaulmed (participle past)
dehaulmed (past)

to dehaulm potatoes

(transitive, agriculture) To remove the haulm or stem from.


chasericulture

(archaic, agriculture) The combined industries of tea-growing and silk production.


threshing machine

en-noun

threshing machine (plural threshing machines)

There are numerous sheds in the now grass-grown yard, most of which now house threshing machines and farm carts instead of locomotives and rolling stock, although [in] the roofs of some are gaping holes.

1941 June, “Notes and News: The Derelict Glyn Valley Tramway”, in Railway Magazine, pages 279–280:

(agriculture, dated) A farm machine for threshing grain.


sugarbag

sugarbag (countable and uncountable, plural sugarbags)

From sugar + bag; sense 2 (“wild honey or honeycomb”) was originally a word used by Aboriginal Australians.

One day Djungun said to his wives, 'I will help you to hunt for sugarbag.'

1980, Daisy Utemorrah, Visions of Mowanjum: Aboriginal Writings from the Kimberley, page 43:

That way — north. And he tryin to go right to Akwerrkepentye. And he reckon he bin seein 'What's this one?' And he can hearem, you know. 'Ay, sugarbag, some one. Might be sugarbag here.' And he can hearem, 'Ah, yeah, sugarbag, all right.'

1993, Grace Koch, Harold Koch, Kaytetye Country: An Aboriginal History of the Barrow Creek Area:

Two significant resources requiring special tools were tree grubs and wild honey or 'sugarbag'.

1996, Records of the South Australian Museum, volumes 29-30, page 71:

Sugarbag is a widely used colloquial Aboriginal-English name for the honey from native bees.

2004, Vic Cherikoff, Dining Downunder: The Cook Book, page 157:

While gathering 'sugarbag', or native honey, a day or so later, the young teenagers again came very close to being shot: The troopers were dog tired. Rosie was up in the tree chopping out a sugarbag with a stone axe.

2005, Tony Roberts, Frontier Justice: A History of the Gulf Country to 1900:

They do still practise traditional hunting methods though - teaching the kids how to find sugarbag, how to fish and hunt for goannas and other animals.

2010 September 7, Diana Plater, “Battle for Noonkanbah paid off”, in The West Australian:

(uncountable, Australia) Wild honey or honeycomb.


Lanarkshire disease

(agriculture) The disease caused in certain fruits by the same oomycete that causes redcore.


carpet bedding

(horticulture) A system of horticulture in which plants are arranged in mosaic or geometrical designs.


in the ear

(agriculture) Describing a maturing/mature cereal crop.


autoconsumption

(economics, agriculture) The consumption by oneself of the goods that one has produced.


agroclimate

agroclimate (countable and uncountable, plural agroclimates)

(agriculture) The climate as it relates to agriculture


tilther

(agriculture) An implement for breaking up roots and mixing additives into the upper layers of soil.


agroeconomy

The agricultural economy of a region or country


polyflower

Average quantities of 20,6; 18,1 and 11,5 mg iron/kg; 0,34; 0,20 and 0,14 mg copper/kg and 1,13; 0,86 mg zinc/kg were detected in manna honey, polyflower honey and acacia honey, respectivly.

1998, M Marinova, V Peneva, S Kuncheva, “Contents of heavy metals in bee honey”, in Veterinary Medicine:

Quality of three kinds of honey from acacia, chestnut and polyflower sources, was evaluated by physicochemical and GC-MS analysis in respect to some chemical composition.

1991, YG Lee, BU Min, SU Lim, “Comparative study on some quality-related components of different floral honeys -esp. on the contents of unsaturated higher fatty acids”, in Applied Biological Chemistry, volume 34, number 2, page 102:

(of honey) Produced from multiple types of flower.


jhumming

Jhumming consists during its first stage, clearance of the shrubs, surface soil with the undergrowth at the autumn season, while the conservation of the ashes for manuring is practiced during February or March. After felling the jungle, the common practice is that trees and shrubs are exposed to sunshine, which when dried are burnt.

2002, V. K. Agnihotri, Chandragupta Ashokvardhan, Socio-economic Profile of Rural India: North-East India, →OCLC:

(India, agriculture) The practice of cutting down and burning the vegetation from an area of forest in order to create farmable land.


xeriphyte

East Bay Mud began rationing water and implored homeowners to replace their dying gardens with xeriphytes.

2008, Christopher Grampp, From Yard to Garden: The Domestication of America's Home Grounds, →ISBN:

They are definitely not xeriphytes but once established they display a fair degree of drought tolerance, surviving happily on the occasional handout of greywater.

2011, Simon Rickard, The New Ornamental Garden, →ISBN, page 176:

Maguey (Agave spp., the century plant), a xeriphyte, was a staple of life in central Mexico, its sap a significant dietary partner and its fibers used for cordage and textiles, to cite two of its best-known uses.

2015, James G. Cusick, Studies in Culture Contact: Interaction, Culture Change, and Archaeology, →ISBN, page 342:

(horticulture) Alternative form of xerophyte


physic garden

From physic + garden, after French jardin médicinal.

After they had visited the physic garden, the university, the anatomical hall, and every other thing that was recommended to their view, they returned to Rotterdam, and held a consultation upon the method of transporting themselves to England.

1751, [Tobias] Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: Harrison and Co., […], →OCLC:

(now historical) A botanical garden where plants are grown for medicinal purposes.


cold treatment

cold treatment (usually uncountable, plural cold treatments)

(horticulture) stratification by means of exposing seeds to cold


walipini

From a term in an Aymaran language for "place of warmth".

Compared to conventional greenhouses, Walipinis are considerably cheaper and more effective for this part of the world.

2018 June 14, Inma Gil Rosendo, “Farming underground in a fight against climate change”, in BBC News:


goodman's croft

(Scotland, historical) A strip of ground, or corner of a field, once left untilled to avert the malice of the devil from the crop.


bark bed

(horticulture) A hotbed made of spent bark.


cut and come again

(horticulture) An approach to growing lettuces, etc. where one harvests only the outer leaves, leaving the inner part of the plant to grow replacements that can be harvested later.


threshing sledge

threshing sledge (plural threshing sledges)

A rectangular wooden plank designed to separate grain from chaff.

𒁕𒀀𒀀𒀾𒋾

rectangular table of wood used to separate grain from straw


honeygar

A mixture of honey and apple cider vinegar, similar to switchel, claimed to have health benefits.


feedyard

(agriculture) A yard where cattle are given food.


pot out

en-verb

pot out (third-person singular simple present pots out, present participle potting out, simple past and past participle potted out)

pots out (present singular third-person)
potting out (participle present)
potted out (participle past)
potted out (past)

(horticulture, transitive) To remove (a potted plant) from its pot and plant it in a garden.


total digestible nutrients

en-noun

total digestible nutrients pl (plural only)

(agriculture) The total fiber, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate in a feed which can be converted into energy for an animal.


potato pen

(agriculture) A layered framework of beds for growing potatoes, stacked one above the other.


swing plough

(agriculture) A plough without a forewheel under the beam.


TDN

total digestible nutrients
total digestible nutrients#English

(agriculture) Initialism of total digestible nutrients.


slaughterline

(agriculture) A line of animals progressing through a slaughterhouse.


farmers' market

farmers' market (plural farmers' markets)

A market where farmers and growers sell produce directly to the public.


cross-tining

(agriculture) A method of harrowing crosswise.


unsingled

When left unsingled the crop usually contains more dry matter and fibre but less protein than when it is singled.

1956, Stephen John Watson, Alexander Martin Smith, Silage, page 57:

Most kale is therefore sown thinly and left unsingled.

1962, James Anderson Scott Watson, James Antony More, James A. McMillan, Agriculture: The Science and Practice of Farming, page 337:


preagriculturalist

A person who lived before the introduction of agriculture


honey butter

honey butter (countable and uncountable, plural honey butters)

A mixture of equal parts honey and softened butter used as a spread on bread, toast, etc.


make garden

en-verb

make garden (third-person singular simple present makes garden, present participle making garden, simple past and past participle made garden)

makes garden (present singular third-person)
making garden (participle present)
made garden (participle past)
made garden (past)

As the spring advanced, and after Jacob left us, he seemed ashamed of sitting in the house doing nothing, and therefore undertook to make us a garden, or “to make garden” as the Canadians term preparing a few vegetables for the season.

1852, Susanna Moodie, chapter 8, in Roughing it in the Bush; or, Life in Canada, volume 2, London: Richard Bentley, page 142:

“Can you take care of horses?”
“Yes.”
“Make garden?”
“Yes—I always took care of mother’s.”

1877, John Habberton, chapter 3, in The Jericho Road; A Story of Western Life, Chicago: Jansen, McClurg, page 32:

[…] Ántonia and her mother were making garden, off across the pond in the draw-head.

1918, Willa Cather, chapter 18, in My Ántonia, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, page 146:

Crossing a ridge, he was happy to see that Miz’ Doanie and her three children were all out making garden.

1955, Julia Montgomery Street, chapter 8, in Fiddler’s Fancy, New York: Follett, page 67:

In the other century, and for a considerable number of years in this one, the solid citizenry of the town prided itself on home ownership [...]. One got a little place, planted a couple of fruit trees and a currant bush out back, made garden, seeded a lawn, and put a standing lamp on a center table in the living room.

1972, Henry W. Clune, chapter 12, in The Rochester I Know, Garden City, NY: Doubleday, page 163:

(idiomatic, dated, US, Canada) To plant or maintain a garden, especially a vegetable garden.


agripower

The agricultural capacity of a nation etc. in terms of producing useful crops.


hydromulching

(agriculture) A form of mulching in which the mulch is combined with water and a tackifier and then sprayed.


standing crop

(ecology, agriculture) The total dried biomass of the living organisms present in a given environment.


power harrow

the brothers would laboriously turn over lifeless slabs of clay, which needed to be pulverised with a power harrow before sowing could begin

2020 February 25, Christopher de Bellaigue, “The end of farming?”, in The Guardian:

A tractor-mounted, harrowing tool that runs off power from the tractor's power take-off.


alley crop

alley crop (third-person singular simple present alley crops, present participle alley cropping, simple past and past participle alley cropped)

alley crops (present singular third-person)
alley cropping (participle present)
alley cropped (participle past)
alley cropped (past)

From the use of the "alleys" between rows of trees.

First stop for our entourage of two buses and three cars is a technical school where the headmaster has directed his students to alley crop a small field of Leucaena and cowpeas.

1990, Thomas A. Bass, Camping with the Prince and Other Tales of Science in Africa, page 136:

You can alley crop with brambles, blueberries, fruit or nuts.

1995, The New Farm - Volume 17, Issues 1-4, page 28:

Shepherd will continue to alley crop corn and hay in between the tree rows until the trees become too large and shade out the crops.

(transitive) To plant non-woody crops between rows of nut, fruit, timber, or fodder trees.


sidedress

sidedress (third-person singular simple present sidedresses, present participle sidedressing, simple past and past participle sidedressed)

sidedresses (present singular third-person)
sidedressing (participle present)
sidedressed (participle past)
sidedressed (past)

To apply fertiliser between the rows of a growing crop


irisology

(rare, botany, horticulture) The study or cultivation of irises.


bearded iris

en-noun

bearded iris (plural bearded iris or bearded irises)

bearded iris (plural)
bearded irises (plural)

(botany, horticulture) Any species or cultivar of the bearded rhizomatous irises of the section Iris subg. Iris sect. Iris, especially Iris × germanica.


honey hole

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-honey hole.wav

A hole in the trunk of a tree, containing the natural honey produced by a colony of bees.


no-tilled

(agriculture) Employing or relating to the no-till technique.


no-till

(agriculture, often attributive) A technique for growing crops or pasture without disturbing the soil through tillage.


fairy garden

A fanciful ornamental garden with miniature buildings etc. supposed to house fairies.


stubble field

Where wood is plentiful enough, there cannot be a better method than thus spreading dry small wood over a stubble field, and burning that and the stubble together.

1758, Thomas Hale et al., A Compleat Body of Husbandry […], 2nd edition, volume 1, page 194:

Standing under a gray washed sky, the blonde stubble fields around him, Mr. Bear dropped his head for a moment and then suddenly brightened.

1979 December 3, Karen de Witt, “Rebellious Mennonite Faces New Test”, in The New York Times:

Essex Fire and Rescue Service said the fire started in a tractor and a hay baler and then began to spread to the stubble fields.

2023 August 24, Helen Burchell, “Great Sampford tractor fire spreads to stubble field”, in BBC News:

A field covered in stubble after harvesting.


cutting garden

North of the rose garden and connecting with it is a cutting garden, which is bordered by a hedge of climbing roses.

1916 March 10, Auburn Seminary Record, volume 12:

All the plants in a cutting garden are grown specifically for flower arranging (as opposed to a general diversified landscape), but they are positioned to create a pleasing garden design.

1999, Jan Gertley, Dried Flowers for All Seasons: Creating the Fresh-Flower Look Year-Round:

The sunflower series, the irises, the cutting gardens of Provence, his series of floral bouquets while living in Paris, all are images that remain indelible in our minds among his tremendous outpouring of work.

2001, Derek Fell, Van Gogh's Gardens, page 10:

A garden designed to provide flowers to be cut and used in arrangements.


sky garden

A garden in or on a tall building, high above ground level.


self-watering

(horticulture) Of a pot or planter: designed with a reservoir from which the soil can take up water without the need for manual watering of the plant.

itsekasteleva

horticulture: designed with water reservoir


ammonitrate

(agriculture) A nitrogen fertilizer based on ammonium nitrate.


outyard

From out- + yard (“enclosed area designated for a specific purpose”).

af

There may be thirty to fifty supers in every outyard, and we have only about half an hour to get them off the hives, stacked and covered before the bees get really cross about what we are doing.

1983, Sue Hubbell, A Country Year: Living the Questions, Boston, MA: Mariner Books, published 1999, →ISBN, page 69:

Nowhere was this more evident than when we moved four of her beehives to the outyard.

2020, Dave Doroghy, Show Me the Honey: Adventures of an Accidental Apiarist, page 49:

(beekeeping) A temporary location with better sources of pollen to which a hive is moved during times when the plants in the normal location of the hive have dried up.


azaleamum

Blend of azalea + chrysanthemum, originally a trademark.

cushion chrysanthemum
cushion chrysanthemum

(horticulture) A kind of cushion chrysanthemum.


sourveld

en-noun

sourveld (countable and uncountable, plural sourvelds)

Coordinate term: sweetveld

(South Africa, agriculture) A veld characterized by low levels of moisture and rough brush.


sweetveld

sweetveld (countable and uncountable, plural sweetvelds)

(South Africa, agriculture) veld characterized by high levels of moisture, preferable for grazing


overmist

en-verb

overmist (third-person singular simple present overmists, present participle overmisting, simple past and past participle overmisted)

overmists (present singular third-person)
overmisting (participle present)
overmisted (participle past)
overmisted (past)

(horticulture) To mist a plant excessively.


double dig

double dig (third-person singular simple present double digs, present participle double digging, simple past and past participle double dug)

double digs (present singular third-person)
double digging (participle present)
double dug (participle past)
double dug (past)

(horticulture) To remove a spade's-depth of topsoil, then loosen the exposed subsoil with a fork, before replacing the topsoil, done in order to improve heavy or compacted ground for planting.


spruce tip

(sylviculture, arboriculuture, horitculture, agriculture, botany, cooking) The new spring growth at the ends of spruce branches. For some species of spruce, these are edible and a traditional foodstuff.


didiman

In 1957 the didimen assisted in placing markers for planting cocoa on village cooperative demonstration plots.

1980, Michael A. H. B. Walter, Cattle Ranches are about People: Social Science Dimensions of a Commercial Feasibility Study:

The last destination was by road to Poro, a subdistrict with another, larger, more modern cacao fermentary, and a nursery where didimen raised cacao, citrus and other plants to supply local farmers.

2015, Trish Nicholson, Inside the Crocodile: The Papua New Guinea Journals:

It has been Noah Saigaiur’s dream to become a didiman or an agriculture officer one day.

2021 January 6, Janet Kari, “Didiman’s diary dream comes true”, in Papua New Guinea Post Courier:

(Papua New Guinea) A worker in the department of agriculture.


daisugi

(horticulture) A pruning technique similar to coppicing, used on Japanese cedars.


livestock unit

(agriculture) A unit of measure for assessing the overall effect on grazing land of different types of animal.


clutchman

A person who operates a clutch, typically on an agricultural machine


wax down

wax down (third-person singular simple present waxes down, present participle waxing down, simple past and past participle waxed down)

waxes down (present singular third-person)
waxing down (participle present)
waxed down (participle past)
waxed down (past)

If the hive is suspected of being queenless, a queen-cell from another hive, with the pupa ready to hatch out, is sometimes placed in it, when, if the new queen is required, the bees will take to her, but should they have a queen and do not require a new one, they will wax down the queen-cell that was inserted so that the young queen cannot hatch out; a specimen of a cell so waxed down is exhibited.

1884, “The Museum”, in Report of the Marlborough College Natural History Society, number 32, page lviii:

By the description of his cover for the bees to wax down, it was not properly braced, as the dovetailed end is made by different manufacturers.

1892 June 23, Thomas Johnson, “Temperature in Wintering Bees”, in American Bee Journal, volume 29, number 26, page 833:

How can I insert candy without chilling bees, as their outer covering at present is a bag of cork-dust, which seems (as far as I can tell without lifting) waxed down to the frames?

1904 December 22, “Queries and Replies”, in British Bee Journal, volume 32, number 2, page 509:

(beekeeping) To generate a layer of wax that completely covers.


indoor plant

(horticulture) Any of various species of plants, typically native to rainforest floors and thus requiring low light, that are commonly cultivated for decorative use indoors.


Bti

(bacteriology, agriculture) Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, a type of bacterium used in the biological control of certain insects.


taungya

en-noun

taungya (countable and uncountable, plural taungyas)

(agriculture) A Burmese agricultural technique in which the spaces between small, widely-spaced trees are used to plant a seasonal crop.


factory farming

intensive agriculture
intensive agriculture

(derogatory) A type of intensive agriculture, specifically an approach to animal husbandry, designed to maximize production while minimizing costs.

bio-industrie

type of intensive agriculture to maximize production and minimize costs


cardening

The process or action of gardening in a car, usually in the dashboard.


subsistence farming

(agriculture) Farming in which almost all of the livestock raised or crops produced are used by the farmer and their family to survive, without significant surplus for sale or trade.


preforcing

After the preforcing period, all plants were moved to a 60° F (night temperature) greenhouse for forcing.

1960, American Society for Horticultural Science, Proceedings, volume 76, page 644:

This preforcing period allows initial elongation of roots and shoots.

2012, Rina Kamenetsky, Hiroshi Okubo, Ornamental Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production, page 307:

A preforcing treatment with 15% bleach solution hastened bud break and promoted shoot elongation...

2014, Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems, page 320:

(agriculture) Treatment of a plant in preparation to force it to undergo a certain stage of development earlier than normal.


wheatlage

(agriculture) Silage made from wheat: wheat silage.


cornlage

/ˈkɔɹnlɪd͡ʒ/

(agriculture) Silage made from corn (maize): corn silage.


ryelage

(agriculture) Silage made from rye: rye silage.


production brigade

production brigade (plural production brigades)

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

(historical) The basic accounting and farm production unit in the people's commune system of the People's Republic of China.


market class

The evolution of the cotton market was greatly facilitated by the gradual development of recognized market classes and grades.

1932, Lewis Cecil Gray, History of Agriculture in the Southern United States to 1860, Volume 2, Carnegie Institute of Washington, page 718:

(agriculture) A commodity, usually produced on farms and part of a larger category. Products within a market class have similar physical characteristics, are grown or raised under similar conditions, and are bought and sold under similar terms and conditions.


double hoe

(horticulture) A tool with a flat blade and a set of metal prongs across from one other (typically extended by a pole handle); hoe with a pitchfork attached.


semi-trailing

The latter method must be used for some varieties that are semi-trailing and for the frankly trailing sorts, such as the dewberry and youngberry.

1957, Norman Taylor, Garden Guide, page 423:

'Marion's Enchanted Trail' ( Pittman ) tends more toward the semi-trailing type, freely producing many crowns from which absolute masses of medium blue blooms are produced.

1999, African Violet Magazine - Volume 52, page 15:

This plant is semi-trailing and cold-hardy.

2012, Lee A. Reich, Landscaping with Fruit:

The semi-trailing thornless blackberries may not qualify for a place in your home garden or landscape if you are unwilling to make a slight compromise on flavor.

2020, Robert E Gough, Edward Barclay Poling, Small Fruits in the Home Garden:

(horticulture) Having stems thick enough to stand somewhat erect, but eventually drooping like a vine.


UFW

(labour, agriculture) Initialism of United Farm Workers.


bottom heat

(horticulture) Heat supplied from below to the roots or rooting medium of plants under propagation, usually in hothouses or greenhouses.


cropload

The amount of fruit that can be obtained as a crop from a fruit tree


sodbusting

(informal) The breaking up of land, as with a plough, for agricultural purposes.


courtledge

/ˈkɔːtlɪd͡ʒ/

/ˈkɔɹtlɪd͡ʒ/

[…]and the House and Courtledge now in the possession of Cicely Benver, Widow for her life. (Except a small part thereof given by me by Deed to my Kinsman Elisha Paynter)[…]

1710 July 10, George Daniell, “Abstract of the Will of George Daniell […] ”, in John S. Amery, Maxwell Adams, E. Windeatt, H Tapley-Soper, editors, Devon & Cornwall Notes & Queries, volume 6, J.G. Commin, published 1911, page 75:

[…]and at the back a rambling courtledge of barns and walls, around which pigs and bare-foot children grunted in loving communion of dirt.

1855, Charles Kingsley, “How Salvation Yeo Slew the King of the Gubbings”, in Westward Ho!: Or, The Voyages and Adventures of Sir Amyas Leigh, Knight, […], volume II, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Macmillan & Co., →OCLC, page 113:

The house, a square, two-storied building, of gray stone, roofed with heavy slates, was guarded in front by a small courtlage[…]

1898, Sir Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch, “The Second Ship”, in I Saw Three Ships and Other Winter's Tales, Scribner, page 27:

(dialectal, especially West Country, obsolete) A small personal garden surrounding a house; a curtilage.


splayleg

(agriculture, veterinary medicine) A disease of pigs in which the legs are splayed because of a myopathy.


subak

Borrowed from Balinese or Indonesian subak.

A communal organization for the irrigation of paddy fields on Bali.


backfurrow

Harrow sections are usually held together by bolts and projecting eyes which permit them to follow the contours of terraces and backfurrows.

1977, Archie Augustus Stone, Harold E. Gulvin, Machines for Power Farming, page 210:

(agriculture) The line of piled soil thrown up beside a furrow when it is created by a plow


backfurrow

en-verb

backfurrow (third-person singular simple present backfurrows, present participle backfurrowing, simple past and past participle backfurrowed)

backfurrows (present singular third-person)
backfurrowing (participle present)
backfurrowed (participle past)
backfurrowed (past)

Before planting, an attempt was made to list the ground, the land being ridged with an ordinary walking plow by backfurrowing.

1923, Jenkin William Jones, Rice Experiments at the Biggs Rice Field Station in California, page 56:

(agriculture) To throw or turn the soil in alternating directions for every other row that is plowed, so that every pair of furrows has a single backfurrow with clear areas on the outside.


grain engulfment

en-noun

grain engulfment (countable and uncountable, plural grain engulfments)

(agriculture) A condition in which a person is fully submerged in grain, most often in a silo or other grain storage structure.


grain entrapment

grain entrapment (countable and uncountable, plural grain entrapments)

(agriculture) A condition in which a person is partially submerged in grain, most often in a silo or other grain storage structure.


plow in

en-verb

plow in (third-person singular simple present plows in, present participle plowing in, simple past and past participle plowed in)

plows in (present singular third-person)
plowing in (participle present)
plowed in (participle past)
plowed in (past)

(transitive, agriculture) To mix (something) with soil using a plough or similar item.