call

en-verb

call (third-person singular simple present calls, present participle calling, simple past and past participle called or (archaic) call'd)

calls (present singular third-person)
calling (participle present)
called (participle past)
called (past)
call'd (archaic participle past)
call'd (archaic past)
call (infinitive)

→ Kashubian: kolowac (United States)

From Middle English callen, from Old English ceallian (“to call, shout”) and Old Norse kalla (“to call; shout; refer to as; name”); both from Proto-Germanic *kalzōną (“to call, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *golH-so- (“voice, cry”), from *gel(H)- (“to vocalize, call, shout”).
cognates
* Scots call
* caw, ca (“to call, cry, shout”)
* Dutch kallen (“to chat, talk”),
* German kallen (“to call”) obsolete
* Swedish kalla (“to call, refer to, beckon”)
* Norwegian kalle (“to call, name”)
* Danish kalde (“to call, name”)
* Icelandic kalla (“to call, shout, name”)
* Welsh galw (“to call, demand”)
* Polish głos (“voice”)
* Lithuanian gal̃sas (“echo”)
* Russian голос (golos, “voice”)
* Albanian gjuhë (“language, tongue”).

meegaan

to match or equal the amount of poker chips in the pot as the player that bet

call a spade a spade and a shovel a shovel

call someone everything but a child of God

desperate times call for desperate measures

A recursive function is one that calls itself.

(transitive, computing) To jump to (another part of a program); to perform some operation, returning to the original point on completion.


call

en-noun

call (countable and uncountable, plural calls)

→ Armenian: քոլ (kʻol)

→ Georgian: ქოლი (koli)

the call is coming from inside the house

(computing) The act of jumping to a subprogram, saving the means to return to the original point.

crida

computing: act of jumping to a subprogram


carbon copy

(Internet) A duplicate copy of an email.


carbon copy

en-verb

carbon copy (third-person singular simple present carbon copies, present participle carbon copying, simple past and past participle carbon copied)

carbon copies (present singular third-person)
carbon copying (participle present)
carbon copied (participle past)
carbon copied (past)

(Internet) To send a duplicate copy of an email to.


download

download (third-person singular simple present downloads, present participle downloading, simple past and past participle downloaded)

downloads (present singular third-person)
downloading (participle present)
downloaded (participle past)
downloaded (past)

→ Danish: downloade

→ Dutch: downloaden

→ German: downloaden; herunterladen (calque)

desc

→ Lao: ດາວໂຫຼດ (dāo lōt)

→ Lao: ດາວໂຫຼດ (dāo lōt)

→ Malay: muat turun (calque)

→ Maltese: ddawnlowdja

→ Thai: ดาวน์โหลด (daao-lòot)

Download
Scientific American
Times Record News

From down- + load. Verbal form first appears c. 1962 in the Wichita Falls (Texas) Times. Nominal form first appears c. 1977 in Scientific American.

Voiceover: You wouldn't steal a handbag. You wouldn't steal a car. You wouldn't steal a baby. You wouldn't shoot a policeman and then steal his helmet. You wouldn't go to the toilet in his helmet and then send it to the policeman's grieving widow and then steal it again. Downloading films is stealing. If you do it you WILL face the consequences.
Roy: Man, these anti-piracy ads are getting really mean.

2007 September 7, Graham Linehan, The IT Crowd, Season 2, Episode 3

You can download a trial version of the program for thirty days to determine whether you want to purchase the full version.

(transitive, computing) To transfer data to a given computer from a remote one via a network.

نَزَّلَ

to transfer data from a remote computer to a local one


order

en-noun

order (countable and uncountable, plural orders)

→ Swahili: oda

From Middle English ordre, from Old French ordre, ordne, ordene (“order, rank”), from Latin ōrdinem, accusative of ōrdō (“row, rank, regular arrangement”, literally “row of threads in a loom”), from Proto-Italic *ordō (“to arrange”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂or-d-, from *h₂er-.
Related to Latin ōrdior (“begin”, literally “begin to weave”). In sense “request for purchase”, compare bespoke. Doublet of ordo.

cog

(graph theory, of a graph) The number of vertices in the graph (i.e. the set-theoretic order of the set of vertices of the graph).

řád

graph theory: number of vertices in a graph


graph

Clipping of graphic formula. From 1878; verb from 1889.

1973, Edward Minieka (translator), Claude Berge, Graphs and Hypergraphs, Elsevier (North-Holland), [1970, Claude Berge, Graphes et Hypergraphes], page vii,
Problems involving graphs first appeared in the mathematical folklore as puzzles (e.g. Königsberg bridge problem). Later, graphs appeared in electrical engineering (Kirchhof's Law), chemistry, psychology and economics before becoming a unified field of study.

Spectral graph theory has a long history. In the early days, matrix theory and linear algebra were used to analyze adjacency matrices of graphs. Algebraic methods are especially effective in treating graphs which are regular and symmetric.

1997, Fan R. K. Chung, Spectral Graph Theory, American Mathematical Society, page 1

Graph (discrete mathematics)
w:Graph (discrete mathematics)

(graph theory) A set of vertices (or nodes) connected together by edges; (formally) an ordered pair of sets (V,E), where the elements of V are called vertices or nodes and E is a set of pairs (called edges) of elements of V. See also Graph (discrete mathematics) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

(category theory, of a morphism f) A morphism Γ_f from the domain of f to the product of the domain and codomain of f, such that the first projection applied to Γ_f equals the identity of the domain, and the second projection applied to Γ_f is equal to f.


genus

en-noun

genus (plural genera or (both nonstandard) genuses or genusses)

genera (plural)
genuses (nonstandard plural)
genusses (nonstandard plural)

→ Malayalam: ജീനസ് (jīnasŭ)

→ Swahili: jenasi

→ Thai: สกุล (sà-gun) (semantic loan)

Borrowed from Latin genus (“birth, origin, a race, sort, kind”) from the root gen- in Latin gignō (“to beget, produce”). Doublet of gender, genre, and kin.

genus

rank in a taxonomic classification between family and species

(topology, graph theory, algebraic geometry) A natural number representing any of several related measures of the complexity of a given manifold or graph.


tank

→ Afrikaans: tenk

→ Albanian: tank

→ Assamese: টেংকি (teṅki)

→ Asturian: tanque

→ Azerbaijani: tank

→ Bashkir: танк (tank)

→ Belarusian: танк (tank)

→ Bengali: ট্যাংক (ṭêṅko)

→ Burmese: တင့်ကား (tang.ka:)

→ Buryat: танк (tank)

→ Catalan: tanc

→ Chechen: танк (tank)

→ Chinese:

Mandarin: 坦克 (tǎnkè)

→ Chuvash: танк (tank)

→ Czech: tank

→ Danish: tank

→ Dutch: tank

→ Dzongkha: ཏེངཀ (tengk)

→ Eastern Mari: танк (tank)

→ Estonian: tank

→ Fiji Hindi: tanki

→ Finnish: tankki

→ French: tank

→ Galician: tanque

→ Georgian: ტანკი (ṭanḳi)

→ German: Tank

→ Greek: τανκ (tank)

→ Greenlandic: tanki

→ Hebrew: טנק (tank)

desctree

→ Hindi: टंकी (ṭaṅkī)
→ Burmese: တိုင်ကီ (tuingki)

→ Indonesian: tank

→ Italian: tank, tanca

→ Japanese: タンク (tanku)

→ Kazakh: танк (tank)

→ Korean: 탱크 (taengkeu)

→ Kumyk: танк (tank)

→ Kyrgyz: танк (tank)

→ Latvian: tanks

→ Lezgi: танк (tank)

→ Lithuanian: tankas

→ Macedonian: тенк (tenk)

→ Malay: tank

→ Maori: taika

→ Norwegian: tank, tanks

→ Ossetian: танк (tank)

→ Persian: تانک (tânk)

desc

→ Portuguese: tanque (“armored vehicle”)

→ Quechua: tanki

→ Romanian: tanc

→ Romansch: tanc

desctree

→ Russian: танк (tank), танкъ (tank) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: տանկ (tank)
→ Kazakh: танк (tank)
→ Mongolian: танк (tank)

→ Carpathian Rusyn: танк (tank)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: тенк

Latin script: tenk

→ Sidamo: tanke

→ Slovak: tank

→ Slovene: tank

→ Swahili: tangi

→ Tajik: танк (tank), тонк (tonk)

→ Tamil: தாங்கி (tāṅki)

→ Tatar: танк (tank)

→ Tokelauan: tane

→ Turkish: tank

→ Turkmen: tank

→ Ukrainian: танк (tank)

→ Upper Sorbian: tank

→ Urdu: ٹینک (ṭaink)

→ Uzbek: tank

→ Vietnamese: xe tăng

→ Walloon: tank

→ Welsh: tanc

→ Yakut: тааҥка (taañka)

→ Yiddish: טאַנק (tank)

From Portuguese tanque (“tank, liquid container”), originally from Indian vernacular for a large artificial water reservoir, cistern, pool, etc., for example, Gujarati ટાંકી (ṭā̃kī) or Marathi टाकी (ṭākī). Compare the Arabic verb اِسْتَنْقَعَ (istanqaʕa, “to become stagnant, to stagnate”).
In the sense of armoured vehicle, first attested in 1915, prototypes were described as tanks for carrying water to disguise their nature as well as due to physical resemblance.

der

The paladin can make for a decent tank, but I recommend that you get a class with better taunting skills.

(roleplaying games, board games, video games) a unit or character designed primarily around damage absorption and holding the attention of the enemy (as opposed to dealing damage, healing, or other tasks).

roleplaying games; board games; roleplaying games; board games


tank

en-verb

tank (third-person singular simple present tanks, present participle tanking, simple past and past participle tanked)

tanks (present singular third-person)
tanking (participle present)
tanked (participle past)
tanked (past)

(video games) To attract the attacks of an enemy target in cooperative team-based combat, so that one's teammates can defeat the enemy in question more efficiently.

pansre

video games: to attract the attacks of an enemy target in cooperative team-based combat


nick

a user’s reserved nick on an IRC network

/nick Changes your nickname—the name by which other IRCers see and refer to you—to anything you'd like (but remember that nine characters is the maximum nick length).

1995, Donald Rose, Internet Chat Quick Tour: Real-time Conversations & Communications Online, Chapel Hill, N.C.: Ventana Press, page 42

Also, ERC, like Emacs, is extremely modular and flexible. It is, of course, a free software program, but there are also many existing modules from nick highlighting to autoaway that you can use.

2014, Josh Datko, “Chatting Off-the-record”, in BeagleBone for Secret Agents: Bbrowse Anonymously, Communicate Secretly, and Create Custom Security Solutions with Open Source Software, the BeagleBone Black, and Cryptographic Hardware (Community Experience Distilled), Birmingham, West Midlands: Packt Publishing


SM

(science fiction) Initialism of space marine.


SM

Pokémon Sun and Moon
w:Pokémon Sun and Moon

(fandom slang) Initialism of Pokémon Sun and Moon.


dl

(computing) Download; Alternative form of DL.


dl

dl (third-person singular simple present dls, present participle dling, simple past and past participle dled)

dls (present singular third-person)
dling (participle present)
dled (participle past)
dled (past)


paragraph

/ˈpæɹəɡɹɑːf/

From Middle English paragraf, from Middle French paragraphe from Latin paragraphus (“sign for start of a new section of discourse”), from Ancient Greek παράγραφος (parágraphos), from παρά (pará, “beside”) and γράφω (gráphō, “I write”). Doublet of paragraphos.

der

(computing) An offset of 16 bytes in Intel memory architectures.


AAA

(video games) A high-quality video game expected to sell well, typically with a large development budget.


beta

en-noun

beta (countable and uncountable, plural betas)

From Ancient Greek βῆτα (bêta). Doublet of beth.

The company is offering a public beta program to test the software.

(uncountable) The phase of development after alpha testing and before launch, in which software, while not complete, has been released to potential users for testing.

He quickly deduced our goal—ship a quality beta—but he also quickly discerned that we had no idea about the quality of the product because of our pile of untriaged bugs.

2007, Michael Lopp, Managing Humans, page 107

We will assume you got the .tgz version—later 2.x series versions such as 2.5.2 or 2.6.0 should be okay, provided they are production releases (not alphas, betas, or release candidates).

2007, Mark Summerfield, Rapid GUI Programming with Python and Qt: The Definitive Guide to PyQt Programming, Pearson Education

Before Evolve had even seen its first beta, the game's publisher dipped its toe into presenting it as an eSport.

2015 February 14, Steven Strom, “Evolve Review: Middle of the food chain”, in Ars Technica

(countable) Software in such a phase; a preliminary version.

beta levels; beta characters; beta items in a video game

(proscribed, uncountable) Any kind of content from early development that was not used in the final product.


beta

(computing) Preliminary; prerelease. Refers to an incomplete version of a product released for initial testing.


beta

en-verb

beta (third-person singular simple present betas, present participle betaing, simple past and past participle betaed)

betas (present singular third-person)
betaing (participle present)
betaed (participle past)
betaed (past)

(computing) To preliminarily release computer software for initial testing prior to final release.

1999, sqira a., in alt.tv.x-files.creative http://groups.google.com/group/alt.tv.x-files.creative/msg/29d32d27e61755f2?dmode=source
My thanks to Heather; who read it and betaed it. Thank you.

2000, Elizabeth Durack, quoted in Angelina I. Karpovich, “The Audience as Editor: The Role of Beta Readers in Online Fan Fiction Communities” (essay), in Karen Hellekson and Kristina Busse (editors), Fan Fiction and Fan Communities in the Age of the Internet, McFarland (2006), →ISBN, page 180,
Beta’ing is time-consuming, so asking a lot of people to give you a detailed analysis isn’t the most polite thing to do.

2002, Jane Davitt, in alt.tv.buffy-v-slayer.creative http://groups.google.com/group/alt.tv.buffy-v-slayer.creative/msg/9301606b391212c0?dmode=source
The next part is written and beta'd (thanks, Jen!), ready to go but <shuffles feet> I haven't even started what should be the final part yet.

2002, Karmen Ghia, in alt.startrek.creative.erotica.moderated http://groups.google.com/group/alt.startrek.creative.erotica.moderated/msg/8405f53e8acbb0c1?dmode=source
I had the honor of betaing this story and as I was doing the first read through I had the odd, but lovely, experience when a story suspends the reader in its own rhythm and flow, its own reality.


prune

prune (third-person singular simple present prunes, present participle pruning, simple past and past participle pruned)

prunes (present singular third-person)
pruning (participle present)
pruned (participle past)
pruned (past)

From Middle English prunen, prounen, proinen, from Old French proignier (“to trim the feathers with the beak”), earlier prooignier, ultimately from Latin pro- ("front") + rotundus (“round”) 'to round-off the front'.

der

(transitive, computer science) To remove unnecessary branches from a tree data structure.


lambda

From Ancient Greek λάμβδα (lámbda). Doublet of lamed.

lambda expression
lambda expression#English

(programming) Short for lambda expression.

(programming) Short for lambda function.


CC

en-noun

CC (countable and uncountable, plural CCs)

Alternative form: cc

(video games) Initialism of crowd control.


CC

en-verb

CC (third-person singular simple present CCs, present participle CCing, simple past and past participle CCed)

CCs (present singular third-person)
CCing (participle present)
CCed (participle past)
CCed (past)

Alternative form: cc

Please email the file to me and CC it to my manager.

Please email me a summary and CC my manager too.

(Internet, transitive) Initialism of carbon copy.


CC

Creative Commons
Creative Commons#English


mint

mint (third-person singular simple present mints, present participle minting, simple past and past participle minted)

mints (present singular third-person)
minting (participle present)
minted (participle past)
minted (past)

From Middle English mynt, münet (“money, coin”), from Old English mynet (“coin”), from late Proto-West Germanic *munit, from Latin monēta (“place for making coins, coined money”), from the temple of Juno Moneta (named for Monēta mother of the Muses), where coins were made. Doublet of money and manat.
The verb is from the noun; Old English mynetian (“to mint”) is a parallel formation.

der

Coordinate term: mine

Beeple’s collaged JPG was made, or “minted,” in February as a “nonfungible token,” or NFT.

2021 March 11, Scott Reyburn, “JPG File Sells for $69 Million, as ‘NFT Mania’ Gathers Pace”, in The New York Times, →ISSN

(transitive, cryptocurrencies) To create a crypto token.


(video games) Initialism of PlayStation 2.

(software, publishing, typography) Abbreviation of PostScript Level 2.


MSN

(computing) Initialism of Microsoft Network.

(computing, informal) Windows Live Messenger (formerly MSN Messenger), an instant messaging client from Microsoft.


daily

From Middle English dayly, from Old English dæġlīċ, from Proto-West Germanic *dagalīk, from Proto-Germanic *dagalīkaz (“daily”), equivalent to day + -ly. Cognate with Scots dayly, daly (“daily”), German Low German dagelk, dagelik (“daily”), Dutch dagelijks (“daily”), German täglich (“daily”), Danish daglig (“daily”), Swedish daglig (“daily”), Icelandic daglegur (“daily”).

Something that is produced, consumed, used, or done every day.

(video games) A quest in a massively multiplayer online game that can be repeated every day for cumulative rewards.

massively multiplayer online game
massively multiplayer online game


delta

From Ancient Greek δέλτα (délta), borrowed from a Phoenician word for "door", ultimately from Proto-Semitic *dalt-. Doublet of dalet.
* (river): from the triangular shape of the majuscule Greek letter delta Δ
* (USSF): from the delta wing, symbol of the USSF, a triangular wing, shaped like the majuscule Greek letter delta Δ

When you update the file, the system will only save the deltas.

(computing) The set of differences between two versions of a file.

muutos

computing: set of differences between two versions of a file

This will slow the main code path down, but only by delta.

(computing, informal) A small but noticeable effect. Compare epsilon.


delta

en-verb

delta (third-person singular simple present deltas, present participle deltaing, simple past and past participle deltaed)

deltas (present singular third-person)
deltaing (participle present)
deltaed (participle past)
deltaed (past)

Turingery worked on deltaed key to produce the deltaed contribution of the chi-wheels. Turing's discovery that delta-ing would reveal information otherwise hidden was essential to the developments that followed.

2007, B. J. Copeland, “Tunny and Colossus: Breaking the Lorenz Schlüsselzusatz traffic”, in Karl de Leeuw, Jan Bergstra, editors, The History of Information Security: A Comprehensive Handbook, Amsterdam: Elsevier, page 458

(cryptography) To calculate the differences between the characters in an enciphered text and the characters a fixed number of positions previous.

The primary function of this command is to delta the product version file (if it has been retrieved for edit). However, prior to deltaing the product version file, the work source tree is searched to verify that no other source files are still waiting to be deltaed.

1992, Israel Silverberg, Source File Management With SCCS, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, page 166

(computing) To compare two versions of the same file in order to determine where they differ (where a programmer has made edits).


carbon

carbon (third-person singular simple present carbons, present participle carboning, simple past and past participle carboned)

carbons (present singular third-person)
carboning (participle present)
carboned (participle past)
carboned (past)

Borrowed from French carbone, coined by Antoine Lavoisier, from Latin carbō, carbōnem (“charcoal, coal”), from Proto-Indo-European *kerh₃- (“to burn”).

der

When I send it, I'll carbon Julia so she's aware.

(Internet, transitive, uncommon) To cause (someone) to receive a carbon copy of an email message.


feather

en-verb

feather (third-person singular simple present feathers, present participle feathering, simple past and past participle feathered)

feathers (present singular third-person)
feathering (participle present)
feathered (participle past)
feathered (past)

From Middle English feþer, from Old English feþer, from Proto-West Germanic *feþru, from Proto-Germanic *feþrō, from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).
See also West Frisian fear, German Low German Fedder, Dutch veder, veer, German Feder, Yiddish פֿעדער (feder), Danish fjer, Swedish fjäder, Icelandic fjöður, Faroese fjøður, Norwegian Bokmål fjær, fjør, Norwegian Nynorsk fjør. Also Ancient Greek πέτομαι (pétomai), Albanian shpend (“bird”), Latin penna, Old Armenian թիռ (tʻiṙ).

inh

(computer graphics) To intergrade or blend the pixels of an image with those of a background or neighboring image.


dag

partial ordering relation
partial ordering relation

(graph theory) A directed acyclic graph; an ordered pair (V,E) such that E is a subset of some partial ordering relation on V.


platinum

en-verb

platinum (third-person singular simple present platinums, present participle platinuming, simple past and past participle platinumed)

platinums (present singular third-person)
platinuming (participle present)
platinumed (participle past)
platinumed (past)

From Spanish platina (“little silver”) del Pinto ("of the Pinto") + -um. It was called "little" (or "lesser") silver because the metal was found as an impurity in gold, and del Pinto for the Pinto River in Grand Columbia where Europeans discovered it being mined by Native Americans.

I platinumed in Clash of Clans yesterday.

(computer games) to reach platinum level in a game


buggy

en-adj

buggy (comparative buggier, superlative buggiest)

buggier (comparative)
buggiest (superlative)

This software is so buggy that I don't know how anyone can use it!

(computing) Containing programming errors.


shopping cart

/ˈʃɑpɪŋ kɑɹt/

(Internet) The stored list of items that a person has chosen to purchase during an online shopping session but has not yet confirmed.


echo

en-noun

echo (countable and uncountable, plural echoes or echos)

From Middle English eccho, ecco, ekko, from Medieval Latin ecco, from Latin echo, from Ancient Greek ἠχώ (ēkhṓ), from ἠχή (ēkhḗ, “sound”). Possibly from the same Proto-Indo-European root as sough.

(computing) The displaying on the command line of the command that has just been executed.

kaiutus

When someone asks an off-topic question […] they are usually quickly told to knock it off. You can't ask a question about modems in an echo devoted to local-area networks.

(computing) An individual discussion forum using the echomail system.


echo

en-verb

echo (third-person singular simple present echoes, present participle echoing, simple past and past participle echoed)

echoes (present singular third-person)
echoing (participle present)
echoed (participle past)
echoed (past)

The device that is to echo the characters should be optioned for echoplexing.

(computing, transitive) To repeat its input as input to some other device or system.


class

en-noun

class (countable and uncountable, plural classes)

→ Assamese: ক্লাছ (klas)

desc

→ Bengali: ক্লাস (klaś), কেলাস (kelaś) — nonstandard

q

or from French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">classe</i>

→ Gulf Arabic: كلاس (klās) (or from French classe)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: क्लास (klās)

Urdu: کلاس

→ Japanese: クラス (kurasu)

→ Korean: 클래스 (keullaeseu)

→ Nepali: क्लास (klās)

→ Scottish Gaelic: clas

→ Thai: คลาส (kláas)

→ Yoruba: kíláàsì

From Middle French classe, from Latin classis (“a class or division of the people, assembly of people, the whole body of citizens called to arms, the army, the fleet, later a class or division in general”), from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to call, shout”). Doublet of clas and classis.

class action

class-action, class action lawsuit, class suit

an abstract base class

object-oriented programming
object-oriented programming

(object-oriented programming, countable) A set of objects having the same behavior (but typically differing in state), or a template defining such a set in terms of its common properties, functions, etc.

klas

object-oriented programming: set of objects possibly differing in state but not behavior


atom

→ Swahili: atomi

From Middle English attome, from Middle French athome, from Latin atomus (“smallest particle”), from Ancient Greek ἄτομος (átomos, “indivisible”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + τέμνω (témnō, “I cut”). Atoms are so named because historically the notion was that they were indivisible, given that chemically they are indeed so; the splitting of atoms awaited a later era of science and technology, and nonchemical means.

atoom

historical: theoretical particle of matter

atom

mathematics: member of a Boolean algebra

बूलियन बिजगणितीय प्रणालीतील एक घटक

(computing, programming, Lisp) An individual number or symbol, as opposed to a list; a scalar value.


AI

en-noun

AI (countable and uncountable, plural AIs)

Audio (US)

The geth serve as a cautionary tale against the dangers of rogue AI, and in Citadel Space they are technically illegal. Advocacy groups argue, however, that an AI is a living, conscious entity deserving the same rights as organics. They argue that continued use of the term "artificial" is institutionalized racism on the part of organic life, the term "synthetic" is considered the politically correct alternative.

2008, BioWare, Mass Effect, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Computers: Artificial Intelligence (AI) Codex entry

The result, Gurry said, will be many new AI-based methods and products that can change lives across the world.
Audio (US): (file)

2019 February 3, “UN Study: China, US, Japan Lead World AI Development”, in Voice of America, archived from the original on 2019-02-07

A Vatican directive supplements such principles and states AI should be “explainable” to humans, i.e., we should be able to explain the reasons for a decision made by AI. The document also states that AI should avoid discrimination.

2022, Catriona Campbell, AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence (Chapman & Hall/CRC Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Series), Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press

artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence#English

(artificial intelligence, countable and uncountable) Initialism of artificial intelligence.

(video games) A character or entity controlled by the game instead of a player.


PC

PC (countable and uncountable, plural PCs)

(computing) Initialism of program counter.


OE

(computing) Initialism of Outlook Express.


PG

PG (countable and uncountable, plural PGs)

(countable, basketball) Initialism of point guard.


PG

Prince George's County
Prince George's County#English


artificial intelligence

artificial intelligence (countable and uncountable, plural artificial intelligences)

Coined by (1927-2011) American computer scientist and cognitive scientist John McCarthy in 1955, and popularized at the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, 1956.

kunsmatige intelligensie

intelligence exhibited by an artificial entity

ሠው ሰራሽ ዕውቀት

śäw säraš ʿəwḳät

artificially intelligent → artificially intelligently

Research in the modern science of Artificial Intelligence started only in the 1950's, stimulated by the invention of modern computers. This inspired a flood of new ideas about how machines could do what only minds had done previously.

1988, Marvin Minsky, The Society of Mind

Intelligence exhibited by an artificial (non-natural, man-made) entity.

(computer science) The branch of computer science dealing with the reproduction or mimicking of human-level intelligence, self-awareness, knowledge, conscience, thought in computer programs.

This computer possesses artificial intelligence.

A United Nations agency says the United States, China and Japan are leading the world in developing artificial intelligence, or AI, technology.
Audio (US): (file)

The essential quality of a machine which thinks in a manner similar to or on the same general level as a real human being.

The original Sniper: Ghost Warrior was a surprise hit when it was released in 2010. A surprise because it seemed an unequivocally awful game, with half broken graphics and artificial intelligence, a tediously linear story campaign, and an undernourished multiplayer mode.

2013 March 19, “Sniper: Ghost Warrior 2 review – scope for improvement”, in The Metro (UK)

(video games) A character or entity controlled by the game instead of a player; AI.

(countable, computing) A computer system or software package which is artificially intelligent.

While the humans scurried in confusion, the Artificial Intelligence (AI) created by MIT/Bell Labs linked itself into the network of high-speed, twentieth generation computers placed at its disposal by a Red Alert Priority, evaluated data thoughtfully for a minute and a half and then proceeded to get in touch with its opposite number in the Russian Republics.

1973, Gardner Dozois, Chains of the Sea, Chains of the Sea, page 83

What Daedadus really is, is the world's first successful wholly autonomous AI. Whatever mysterious organization managed to create the first true artificial intelligence succeeded so well that their creation managed to convince them that they'd failed... and then escaped.

2000, Sheldon Pacotti (writer) & Warren Spector (director/producer), Deus Ex

Dylan Hunt: "This is Captain Dylan Hunt of the High Guard. Investigation has shown that an Artificial Intelligence was involved in the tragic death of your President. In such a case, Commonwealth law demands that the AI's personality be completely erased."

2001 January 15, Walter Jon Williams, All Great Neptune's Ocean (Andromeda), season 1, episode 10

Also remember that Skynet's an artificial intelligence. Intelligence, for our purpose, means being able to use reason in order to achieve your goals.

2009, Josh Weisberg, “It Stands to Reason: Skynet and Self-preservation”, in Terminator and Philosophy: I'll Be Back, Therefore I Am

(countable, chiefly science fiction) An intelligent, self-aware computer or computer program.

kunstmatige intelligentie

science fiction: intelligent, self-aware computer or computer program


SSE

Streaming SIMD Extensions
w:Streaming SIMD Extensions

(computing) Initialism of Streaming SIMD Extensions, an extension to the x86 CPU instruction set architecture.

Streaming SIMD Extensions

2012, Django push: Using Server-Sent Events and WebSocket with Django, Curella. https://web.archive.org/web/20121115183325/http://curella.org/blog/django-push-using-server-sent-events-and-websocket/
There are currently a few alternative technologies for pushing events to the browser: Server-Sent Events (SSE) and WebSocket.
SSEs are a simpler protocol and are easier to implement, but they provide communication only in one direction

WebSockets is the optimal transport, but other techniques like Server-Sent Events (SSE) and Long Polling are used when other options aren't available. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-au/azure/azure-signalr/signalr-overview

2024, What is Azure SignalR Service?, Microsoft

(computing) Initialism of Server-Sent Events, an technique for pushing events from HTTP server to client, specified in HTML5.


declaration

en-noun

declaration (countable and uncountable, plural declarations)

/ˌdɛkləˈɹeɪʃən/

From Middle English declaration, declaracion, declaracioun, from Old French declaration (French déclaration), from Latin dēclārātiōnem, accusative of Latin dēclārātiō.

(computing) The specification of an object, such as a variable or function, establishing its existence but not necessarily describing its contents.


emu

Saw this article for playing downloadable games on GBA. It's an official Nintendo product in Japan, and thought it might be useful for Nintendo to release actual emus and some of their older game properties (beyond the $20 classic series).

2005 February 24, Dane L. Galden, “Could this be used for classic emus on GBA?”, in rec.games.video.classic (Usenet), message-ID <9XkTd.5830$Ba3.2608@newsread2.news.atl.earthlink.net>

(computing, video games, informal) Clipping of emulator.


IV

(cryptography) Initialism of initialization vector.


line

→ Scottish Gaelic: loidhne

From Middle English line, lyne, from Old English līne (“line, cable, rope, hawser, series, row, rule, direction”), from Proto-West Germanic *līnā, from Proto-Germanic *līnǭ (“line, rope, flaxen cord, thread”), from Proto-Germanic *līną (“flax, linen”), from Proto-Indo-European *līno- (“flax”).
Influenced in Middle English by Middle French ligne (“line”), from Latin linea. More at linen.
The oldest sense of the word is “rope, cord, thread”; from this the senses “path”, “continuous mark” were derived.

lyn

path through two or more points, threadlike mark

lyn

single horizontal row of text on a screen, printed paper, etc.

linja

measure of length, the main division of an inch or its local equivalent

A path through two or more points (compare ‘segment’); a continuous mark, including as made by a pen; any path, curved or straight.


LCD

LCD monitors offer higher resolution and take up far less space than traditional PC displays.

2001 May 23, James Connell, “Apple to Drop CRT Monitors”, in International Herald Tribune, →ISSN

liquid crystal display
liquid crystal display#English

(electronics, computing) Initialism of liquid crystal display.


SO

second-order logic
second-order logic#English

(logic, computer science) Initialism of second-order logic.


strafe

en-verb

strafe (third-person singular simple present strafes, present participle strafing, simple past and past participle strafed)

strafes (present singular third-person)
strafing (participle present)
strafed (participle past)
strafed (past)

From German strafe (“punish”) (a conjugated form of strafen), from phrases like "Gott strafe England" ("God punish England") which the British saw during the First World War.

Strafe — Press the Alt key and the left or right Arrow key to slide side to side instead of turning left or right.

1992, id Software, Wolfenstein 3D (game manual), page 4

If the NPC is close to the player, he may also try using the tried-and-true Quake circle-strafing technique.

2001, Jana Hallford, Swords and circuitry: a designer's guide to computer role playing games

A strafe is a side-to-side camera movement. If you're a fan of first-person shooter games, you know how fundamental strafing can be to a game.

2007, Stephen Cawood, Pat McGee, Microsoft XNA Game Studio Creator's Guide

first-person shooter
first-person shooter

(intransitive, video games) To sidestep; to move sideways without turning (a core mechanic of most first-person shooters).


strafe

We also have added a new game control called the "defensive strafe," in which the user can press a button and stay facing forward.

2004, Marc Saltzman, Game Creation and Careers: Insider Secrets from Industry Experts

(video games) A sideways movement without turning.


FX

(slang, video games, film, television) Alternative form of F/X (“special effects”)


MM

Majora's Mask
w:The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask

(video games) Initialism of Majora's Mask.


crosswalk

(databases) A mapping between equivalent elements (fields) in different database schemas.


crosswalk

crosswalk (third-person singular simple present crosswalks, present participle crosswalking, simple past and past participle crosswalked)

crosswalks (present singular third-person)
crosswalking (participle present)
crosswalked (participle past)
crosswalked (past)

(databases) To map equivalent elements (fields) in different database schemas.


Boolean

From Boole + -ean, named after English mathematician, philosopher and logician George Boole (1815–1864).

named-after

Oh, Boolean operators! "Blue and ones"! Good idea!

2005 May 9, Michael Chapman; Matthew Chapman, “Bug In Mouth Disease”, in Homestar Runner, spoken by Strong Sad (Matthew Chapman)

(logic, computing) Pertaining to data items that can have “true” and “false” (or, equivalently, 1 and 0 respectively) as their only possible values and to operations on such values.

booleà

logic: pertaining to data items that have values “true” and “false”


Boolean

(logic, computing) A variable that can hold a single true/false (1/0) value.


bus

→ Arabic: بَاص (bāṣ)

⇒ Burmese: ဘတ်စ်ကား (bhatcka:)

→ Cantonese: 巴士

→ Mandarin: 巴士 (bāshì)

→ German: Bus m

→ Hindi: बस (bas)

→ Irish: bus

desctree

→ Japanese: バス (basu)
→ Hakka: 巴士 (pa-sṳ́)
→ Hokkien: 巴士 (bá-suh)
→ Kavalan: basu
→ Sakizaya: basu

→ Korean: 버스 (beoseu)

→ Kurtöp: བས (bas)

→ Malay: bas

→ Pashto: بس

⇒ Sanskrit: बसयान (basayāna)

→ Scottish Gaelic: bus

→ Thai: บัส (bát)

→ Tibetan: འབའ་སེ ('ba' se)

→ Urdu: بس

→ Welsh: bws

Clipping of omnibus. Formerly often spelt 'bus. The electrical sense is derived from figurative application of the automotive sense.

single point of failure
single point of failure

(networking) A network topology with each computer connected to a single server. The security on a bus is terrible because every device connected sees every message, and a single point of failure will occur if the bus breaks.


launder

en-verb

launder (third-person singular simple present launders, present participle laundering, simple past and past participle laundered)

launders (present singular third-person)
laundering (participle present)
laundered (participle past)
laundered (past)

Contracted from Middle English lavender, from Old French lavandiere, from Late Latin lavandena, from Latin lavō (“I wash”).

(programming, transitive) To obtain a pointer to an object created in storage occupied by an existing object of the same type, even if it has const or reference members.


lexicon

William Fulke
lexicon
lexicon (disambiguation)

Through Middle French or directly from New Latin lexicon, from Byzantine Greek λεξικόν (lexikón, “a lexicon, a dictionary”), ellipsis from Ancient Greek λεξικὸν βιβλίον (lexikòn biblíon, literally “a book of words”), from λεξικός (lexikós, “of words”), from λέξις (léxis, “a saying, speech, word”), from λέγω (légō, “to speak”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *leǵ- (“to gather, collect”).
Attested at least since 1583 (in William Fulke's A Defense of the Sincere and True Translations of the Holy Scriptures into the English tongue) in the sense 'a dictionary of a classical language'.

der

λεξικὸν βιβλίον

programming language
programming language

(programming) The lexicology of a programming language. (Usually called lexical structure.)


POP

(telecommunications) Acronym of point of presence.

One commonly used POP (persistent organic pollutant), organochlorine, may be responsible for contaminating the world's seafood supply, since pesticides can run off the land into streams, lakes, and reservoirs.

2009, Edward Group, Complete Colon Cleanse: The At-Home Detox Program to Restore Good Health, Boost Vitality, and Ensure Longevity, Ulysses Press, page 91

persistent organic pollutant
persistent organic pollutant#English

(environmental science) Acronym of persistent organic pollutant.


POP

Post Office Protocol
w:Post Office Protocol

(Internet) Acronym of Post Office Protocol.


POP

Acronym of post office preferred. (denoting a standard envelope size)


expose

en-verb

expose (third-person singular simple present exposes, present participle exposing, simple past and past participle exposed)

exposes (present singular third-person)
exposing (participle present)
exposed (participle past)
exposed (past)

Borrowed from Middle French exposer (“to lay open, set forth”), from Latin expōnō (“set forth”), with contamination from poser (“to lay, place”). Doublet of expound, via Old French espondre (“to set forth, explain”), from the same Latin term.

der

In the OO world, the word is to hide the structure of the data, and expose only functionality. OO designers expose an object to the world in terms of the services it provides.

2000, Robert C. Martin, More C++ Gems, page 266

(computing, transitive) To make available to other parts of a program, or to other programs.


pager

From page + -er (agent noun suffix) or + -er (measurement suffix) (sense 3).

more is a pager. The basic purpose of a pager is that it lets you view the contents of a file without actually having to open the file.

2006, James Duncan Davidson, Jason Deraleau, Running Mac OS X Tiger, O'Reilly, page 73

(computing) A computer program running in a text terminal, used to view (but not modify) the contents of a text file moving down the file one line or one screen at a time.


tainted

en-adj

tainted (comparative more tainted, superlative most tainted)

more tainted (comparative)
most tainted (superlative)

Do not use tainted values in SQL queries.

(computer security, of data) Originating from an untrusted source.


generic

generic (comparative more generic, superlative most generic)

more generic (comparative)
most generic (superlative)

gendered

antonym(s) of “neither masculine nor feminine”

From Middle French générique, from Latin genus (“genus, kind”) + -ic; thus morphologically parallel with, and a doublet of, general.

(computing, of procedures) Written so as to operate on any data type, the type required being passed as a parameter.

generisch

(computing) written so as to operate on any data type


terminal

→ Bulgarian: термина́л (terminál)

→ Japanese: ターミナル (tāminaru)

→ Korean: 터미널 (teomineol)

desctree

→ Russian: термина́л (terminál)
→ Kazakh: терминал (terminal)

Borrowed from Late Latin terminalis (“pertaining to a boundary or to the end, terminal, final”), from Latin terminus (“a bound, boundary, limit, end”). See term, terminus.

термина́л

computing - the end of a line of signals

(computing) A device for entering data into a computer or a communications system and/or displaying data received, especially a device equipped with a keyboard and some sort of textual display.

тэрміна́л

(computing) A computer program that emulates a physical terminal.

тэрміна́л

computer program that emulates a terminal

(computing theory) A terminal symbol in a formal grammar.


hallucination

en-noun

hallucination (countable and uncountable, plural hallucinations)

Derives from the verb hallucinate, from Latin hallucinatus. Compare French hallucination. The first known usage in the English language is from Sir Thomas Browne.

Chatbots even forget that they are a bot and experience "hallucinations", Meta's description for when a bot confidently says something that is not true.

2022 August 8, Liam Tung, “Meta warns its new chatbot may forget that it's a bot”, in ZDNET

Hallucinations are about adhering to the truth; when A.I. systems get confused, they have a bad habit of making things up rather than admitting their difficulties.

2022 December 16, Farhad Manjoo, “ChatGPT Has a Devastating Sense of Humor”, in The New York Times, →ISSN

It may tell you that the official currency of Switzerland is the euro (it’s actually the Swiss franc) or that Mark Twain’s Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County could not only jump but talk. A.I. researchers call this generation of untruths “hallucination.”

2023 January 10, Cade Metz, “A.I. Is Becoming More Conversational. But Will It Get More Honest?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN

The hallucinations common to AI also came under fire in the suit for potentially damaging the value of the Times' reputation, and possibly damaging human health as a side effect. “A GPT model completely fabricated that “The New York Times published an article on January 10, 2020, titled ‘Study Finds Possible Link between Orange Juice and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma,’” the suit alleges. “The Times never published such an article.”

2023 December 27, John Timmer, “NY Times sues Open AI, Microsoft over copyright infringement”, in Ars Technica

(artificial intelligence) A confident but incorrect response given by an artificial intelligence; a confabulation.


developer

designer

person or company who writes computer software

(computing) A software developer; a person or company who creates or modifies computer software.


tri

Shortening of words with the initial component derived from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes (“three”).

The most common poly budget in use for games at the time of this writing is between 5,000 and 10,000 tris. Anything within that range is sufficient to accommodate all superficial anatomical details without resort to optimization beyond normal model cleanup.

2009, Andrew Paquette, Computer Graphics for Artists II: Environments and Characters

Tris and quads have different areas of functionality. In real-time graphics, tris are the norm because they provide the most basic geometric representations of planes.

2010, Tony Mullen, Claudio Andaur, Blender Studio Projects: Digital Movie-Making, page 91


address book

(computing) A computerized storage area for contact information such as e-mail addresses.


circuit

From Middle English circuit, from Old French circuit, from Latin circuitus (“a going round”), from circuire (“go round”), from circum (“around”) + ire. As a Chinese administrative division, a calque of Chinese 道 (dào) or 路 (lù).

piiri

Methodist Church: district in which an itinerant preacher labors

dao

Imperial Chinese administrative divisions

(graph theory) A closed path, without repeated vertices allowed.


micro

micro (countable and uncountable, plural micros)

From Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”), or shortened form for modern words formed from its derivative micro-.

If you can possibly afford to spend a few more pounds then you should move up into the next price bracket, where the potential of the home micro starts to be realised.

1984, Mike Gerrard, Bryan Skinner, Mr Chips comes home: micros and home education, page 23

So what sort of hero is this bounding, bomb collecting midget? The answer is an arcade hero - and now he's let loose in your micro courtesy of conversion kings, Elite.

1986, Rachael Smith, Bomb Jack (video game review) in Your Sinclair issue 5, May 1986

(computing, dated, countable) short form of microcomputer


sash

Love-Letters Between a Nobleman and His Sister

From sashes, from French châssis (“frame (of a window or door)”), taken as a plural and -s trimmed off by the late 17th century. See also chassis.

der

graphical user interface
graphical user interface

(software, graphical user interface) A draggable vertical or horizontal bar used to adjust the relative sizes of two adjacent windows.


launch

en-verb

launch (third-person singular simple present launches, present participle launching, simple past and past participle launched or (obsolete) launcht)

launches (present singular third-person)
launching (participle present)
launched (participle past)
launched (past)
launcht (obsolete participle past)
launcht (obsolete past)

⇒ Irish: lainseáil

⇒ Welsh: lansio

From Middle English launchen (“to throw as a lance”), Old French lanchier, another form (Old Northern French/Norman variant, compare Jèrriais lanchi) of lancier, French lancer, from lance.

te water laat

cause to move or slide from the land into the water

Double-click an icon to launch the associated application.

(transitive, computing) To start (a program or feature); to execute or bring into operation.

After clicking the icon, the application will launch.

(intransitive, computing, of a program) To start to operate.


tile

→ Bengali: টালি (ṭali)

→ Japanese: タイル (tairu)

→ Korean: 타일 (tail)

→ Nepali: टाइल (ṭāil)

→ Odia: ଟାଇଲ୍ (ṭāil)

→ Welsh: teils

From Middle English tile, tyle, tigel, tiȝel, teȝele, from Old English tieġle, tiġle, tiġele (“tile; brick”), from Proto-West Germanic *tigulā, from Proto-Germanic *tigulǭ (“tile”), from Latin tēgula. Doublet of tegula.
Cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Tichel (“tile”), West Frisian teil, tegel, tichel (“tile”), Dutch tichel, tegel (“tile”), German Ziegel (“brick; tile”), Danish tegl (“brick”), Swedish tegel (“brick; tile”), Icelandic tigl (“tile; brick”).

Each tile within the map consists of 256 × 256 pixels.

Sprites and tiles that are hidden in the prototype ROM file can be recovered.


tile

en-verb

tile (third-person singular simple present tiles, present participle tiling, simple past and past participle tiled)

tiles (present singular third-person)
tiling (participle present)
tiled (participle past)
tiled (past)

(graphical user interface) To arrange in a regular pattern, with adjoining edges (applied to tile-like objects, graphics, windows in a computer interface).

平铺

computing: to arrange in regular pattern

(computing theory) To optimize (a loop in program code) by means of the tiling technique.


generator

/ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/

From Latin, from past participle of genero (“beget, father”).

When you come across something that looks like a listcomp but is surrounded by parentheses, you're looking at a generator: […]

2016, Paul Barry, Head First Python: A Brain-Friendly Guide, O'Reilly, page 508

One who, or that which, generates, begets, causes, or produces.

(programming) A subordinate piece of code which, given some initial parameters, will generate multiple output values on request.


bless

bless (third-person singular simple present blesses, present participle blessing, simple past and past participle blest or blessed)

blesses (present singular third-person)
blessing (participle present)
blest (participle past)
blest (past)
blessed (participle past)
blessed (past)

Sranan Tongo: blesi, bresi

From Middle English blessen, from Old English bletsian (“to consecrate (with blood)”), from Proto-West Germanic *blōdisōn (“to sprinkle, mark or hallow with blood”), from Proto-Germanic *blōþą (“blood”), of uncertain origin, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃- (“to bloom”). Cognate with Old Norse bleza (“to bless”) (whence Icelandic blessa), Old English blēdan (“to bleed”). More at bleed. Equivalent to blood + -se.

der

(Perl programming, transitive, past tense only blessed) To turn (a reference) into an object.

Perl programming; past tense only blessed; Perl programming; past tense only blessed


recycle bin

First sense appears c. 1971, in the Arizona Daily Sun. Computing sense appears in 1995 with the Windows 95 operating system.

trash

sense 2, on other operating systems and emails

(computing) In Microsoft Windows, a storage location for deleted files, from which they can be retrieved or permanently deleted.

سَلَّة الْمَحْذُوفَات

(computing) in Microsoft Windows, a storage location for deleted files


ply

en-noun

ply (countable and uncountable, plural ply or plies or plys)

ply (plural)
plies (plural)
plys (plural)

From Middle English pleit, plit, plite (“a fold, pleat, wrinkle; braid, strand in a braided cord, ply”), from Anglo-Norman pli, plei, pleit, and Middle French pli, ploy, ply (“a fold, pleat; joint in armour; situation, state”) (modern French pli (“a fold, pleat”)), from plier, ployer (“to bend, fold”), from Latin plicāre, present active infinitive of plicō (“to bend, fold, roll up”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to fold, plait, weave”).

der

He proposed to build Deep Purple, a super-computer capable of 24-ply look-ahead for chess.

Chinook uses an iterative, alpha-beta search with transposition tables and the history heuristic[…]. Under tournament conditions (thirty moves an hour), the program searches to an average minimum depth of nineteen ply (one ply is one move by one player). The search uses selective deepening to extend lines that are tactically or positionally interesting. Consequently, major lines of play are often searched many plies deeper. It is not uncommon for the program to produce analyses that are thirty-ply deep or more.

1996, Jonathan Schaeffer, Robert Lake, “Solving the Game of Checkers”, in Richard J. Nowakowski, editor, Games of No Chance: Combinatorial Games at MSRI, 1994 (Mathematical Sciences Research Institute Publications; 29), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, page 122

Two principal search strategies were (correctly) predicted: Type-A programs that apply "brute force" inspection of every possible position over a fixed number of plys; and Type-B programs that prune potential moves according to some selection function and then examine the significant sets over as many plys as practical and only at those positions reflecting a degree of stability.

2009, Richard A. Epstein, “Games of Pure Skill and Competitive Computers”, in The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic, 2nd edition, Burlington, Mass.: Academic Press; special edition, Waltham, Mass., Kidlington, Oxfordshire: Academic Press, 2013, page 380

(artificial intelligence, combinatorial game theory) In two-player sequential games, a "half-turn" or a move made by one of the players.

artificial intelligence; combinatorial game theory; artificial intelligence; combinatorial game theory

vuoro

in two-player sequential games, a "half-turn" or a move made by one of the players


destructive

en-adj

destructive (comparative more destructive, superlative most destructive)

more destructive (comparative)
most destructive (superlative)

From Middle French destructif, from Latin destructivus, from past participle of destruere (“to tear down, destroy”) + -ivus.

Blurring an image is a destructive operation, but rotating an image is not.

(computing) Lossy; causing irreversible change.


pdf2txt, i.e. conversion from PDF to plain text

(computing) Abbreviation of to; designating conversion from one format to another


computer architecture

en-noun

computer architecture (countable and uncountable, plural computer architectures)

(computer hardware) The conceptual structure around which a given computer is designed.

(computer hardware) The science of computer design.


hash

From French hacher (“to chop”), from Old French hache (“axe”).

(computing) The result generated by a hash function.

hajautusarvo

for distributing values in a data structure

(computing, cryptocurrencies) One guess made by a mining computer in the effort of finding the correct answer which releases the next unit of cryptocurrency; see also hashrate.


hash

en-verb

hash (third-person singular simple present hashes, present participle hashing, simple past and past participle hashed)

hashes (present singular third-person)
hashing (participle present)
hashed (participle past)
hashed (past)

(computing, transitive) To transform according to a hash function.

tiivistää

to transform according to a hash function


associative

en-adj

associative (comparative more associative, superlative most associative)

more associative (comparative)
most associative (superlative)

AWK's associative arrays may be indexed by strings.

Associative memories were once given considerable attention.

(computing) Addressable by a key more complex than an integer index.


operand

When the microprocessor decodes the JSR opcode, it stores the operand into the TEMP register and pushes the current contents of the PC ($00 0128) onto the stack.

1992, Michael A. Miller, The 68000 Microprocessor Family: Architecture, Programming, and Applications, page 47

(mathematics, computing) A quantity to which an operator is applied (in 3-x, the operands of the subtraction operator are 3 and x).


transparent

transparent (comparative more transparent, superlative most transparent)

more transparent (comparative)
most transparent (superlative)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin trānspārēns, trānspārēntis (“transparent”), present participle of transpareō, from Latin trans + pareō. Displaced native Old English þurhsīene.

bor

In order to make that transparent to the user, browsers usually cache the usernames and passwords and retransmit them automatically each time they contact the server.

2003, Rolf Oppliger, Security Technologies for the World Wide Web, page 34

(computing) Not noticeable because it happens automatically or in the background; invisible.


machine translation

en-noun

machine translation (countable and uncountable, plural machine translations)

(computing, programming) The production of instructions in a computer language that are equal in meaning to that in another language.


error

error (countable and uncountable, plural errors)

From Middle English errour, from Anglo-Norman errour, borrowed from Old French error, from Latin error (“wandering about”), infinitive of errō (“to wander, to err”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌶𐌴𐌹 (airzei, “error”), Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽 (airzjan, “to lead astray”). More at err.

cog

:Category:English terms prefixed with mis-

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class IV § 495. Error

(computing, countable) A failure to complete a task, usually involving a premature termination.


error

en-verb

error (third-person singular simple present errors, present participle erroring, simple past and past participle errored)

errors (present singular third-person)
erroring (participle present)
errored (participle past)
errored (past)

The web-page took a long time to load and errored out.

Remove that line of code and the script should stop erroring there.

This directory errors with a "Permission denied" message.

(computing) To function improperly due to an error, especially accompanied by error message.


DML

(computing) Initialism of Dimensional Markup Language.

DML consists of four commonly used statements: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and MERGE.

2015, Miguel Cebollero, Michael Coles, Jay Natarajan, Pro T-SQL Programmer's Guide, Apress, page 4

(databases) Initialism of Data Manipulation Language.


trash

en-noun

trash (countable and uncountable, plural trashes)

From Middle English trasch, trassh, probably a dialectal form of *trass (compare Orkney truss, English dialectal trous), from Old Norse tros (“rubbish, fallen leaves and twigs”). Compare Norwegian trask (“lumber, trash, baggage”), Swedish trasa (“rag, cloth, worthless fellow”), Swedish trås (“dry fallen twigs, wood-waste”). Compare also Old English þreax (“rottenness, rubbish”).

cog

one man's trash is another man's treasure

Drag the unwanted message to the trash.

en:temporary storage on disk for deleted files

(computing) Temporary storage on disk for files that the user has deleted, allowing them to be recovered if necessary.


own

en-verb

own (third-person singular simple present owns, present participle owning, simple past and past participle owned)

owns (present singular third-person)
owning (participle present)
owned (participle past)
owned (past)

A back-formation from owner, owning and own (adjective). Compare Old English āgnian, Dutch eigenen, German eignen, Swedish ägna.

(online gaming, slang) To defeat, dominate, or be above, also spelled pwn.

TH15 5Y5T3M 15 0WN3D

1996 June 21, The Happiest Dragon Alive!!, “Re: An unusual situation”, in (Usenet), retrieved 2016-09-24, message-ID <4qe8pc$8ti@nerd.apk.net>

(transitive, computing, slang) To illicitly obtain superuser or root access to a computer system, thereby having access to all of the user files on that system; pwn.


tar

(computing) A program for archiving files, common on Unix systems.

(computing) A file produced by such a program.


tar

tar (third-person singular simple present tars, present participle tarring, simple past and past participle tarred)

tars (present singular third-person)
tarring (participle present)
tarred (participle past)
tarred (past)

(computing, transitive) To create a tar archive.


whiteboard

→ German: Whiteboard

→ Swedish: whiteboard

From white + board, modelled on blackboard.

(by extension, computing) A collaborative tool allowing several users to write and draw on the same shared display.


power-up

Calque of Japanese パワーアップ (pawā-appu), equivalent to English power + up

(video games) An item that alters the game in a positive way once that item is used.


hook

sometimes in Northern England and Ireland, otherwise obsolete

From Middle English hoke, from Old English hōc, from Proto-West Germanic *hōk, from Proto-Germanic *hōkaz, variant of *hakô (“hook”), probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kog-, *keg-, *keng- (“peg, hook, claw”).
Cognates
Compare West Frisian heak, Dutch haak (“hook”)) (compare West Frisian/Dutch hoek (“hook, angle, corner”), Low German Hook, Huuk); also related to hake.

We've added hooks to allow undefined message types to be handled with custom code.

In lieu of those unneeded hooks, write code to fail fast and prevent gaps from becoming a problem.

2015, Rachel Alt-Simmons, Agile by Design, page 182

(programming) Part of a system's operation that can be intercepted to change or augment its behaviour.


online

online (third-person singular simple present onlines, present participle onlining, simple past and past participle onlined)

onlines (present singular third-person)
onlining (participle present)
onlined (participle past)
onlined (past)

The output in Listing 8-2 shows your disk group status prior to onlining the disks, the commands to online your disks, and the status after onlining.

2013, John Clarke, Oracle Exadata Recipes: A Problem-Solution Approach, page 219

(computing, transitive) To bring (a system, etc.) online; to promote to an active or running state.


degree

From Middle English degre, borrowed from Old French degré (French: degré), itself from Latin gradus, with the prefix de-.

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 26. Degree

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 31. Greatness

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 32. Smallness

(graph theory) The number of edges that a vertex takes part in; a valency.

次數

graph theory: the number of edges that a vertex takes part in


closed

open

antonym(s) of “also phonetics (of vowels, syllables)”

(graph theory, of a walk) Whose first and last vertices are the same, forming a closed loop.


scalar

Borrowed from Latin scālāris, adjectival form from scāla (“a flight of steps, stairs, staircase, ladder, scale”), for *scadla, from scandere (“to climb”); compare scale. The mathematics sense was coined by Irish mathematician and astronomer William Rowan Hamilton in 1846.

coin

(computer science) Consisting of a single value (e.g. integer or string) rather than multiple values (e.g. array).


attribute

From Latin attributus past participle of attribuere.

This packet has its coherency attribute set to zero.

A file with the read-only attribute set cannot be overwritten.

(computing, object-oriented programming) An option or setting belonging to some object.

atribut

computing: the applicable option selection

Properties can be marked as obsolete with an attribute, which will cause the compiler to generate a warning if they are used.

This attribute is used to declare in metadata that the attributed method or class requires SocketPermission of the declared form.

2003, Peter Drayton, Ben Albahari, Ted Neward, C# in a Nutshell, page 536

(programming) A semantic item with which a method or other code element may be decorated.

[…] you can only carry two objects, your attributes clash when you walk past multi-coloured objects and your enemies fly up and down from the ceiling.

1987, Marcus Berkmann, Sceptre Of Bagdad (video game review) in Your Sinclair issue 17

If any of the video buffer's background attribute bits are on, MONO converts the attribute to 70h (inverse video).

1989, PC: The Independent Guide to IBM Personal Computers

(computer graphics, dated) A numeric value representing the colours of part of the screen display.


manifest

From Middle English manifest, manifeste, from Latin manifestus, manufestus (“palpable, manifest”), from manus (“hand”) + *infestus, participle of *infendō (“strike”) (from the root of dēfendō, offendō, etc.), or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰers-. Doublet of manifesto.

(computing) A file containing metadata describing other files.


operation

en-noun

operation (countable and uncountable, plural operations)

→ Japanese: オペレーション (operēshon)

→ Scottish Gaelic: opairèisean

/ˌɒp.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/

/ˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/

From Middle French operation, from Old French operacion, from Latin operātiō, from the verb operor (“I work”), from opus, operis (“work”). Equivalent to operate + -ion.

عَمَلِيَّة

The number of operands associated with an operation is called its arity; an operation of arity 2 is called a binary operation.

Operation (mathematics)
w:Operation (mathematics)

(computing, logic, mathematics) A procedure for generating a value from one or more other values (the operands)

(mathematics, more formally) a function which maps zero or more (but typically two) operands to a single output value.


function

From Middle French function, from Old French fonction, from Latin functiō (“performance, execution”), from functus, perfect participle of fungor (“to perform, execute, discharge”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewg- (“to enjoy”).

دَالَّة

mathematics: a relation between a set of inputs and a set of permissible outputs

(computing) A routine that receives zero or more arguments and may return a result.

وَظِيفَة

computing: routine that returns a result


operator

en-noun

operator (countable and uncountable, plural operators)

/ˈɒpəˌɹeɪtə/

/ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/

Borrowed from Latin operatōr, from operor (“work, labour”). Equivalent to operate + -or.

(computing) The administrator of a channel or network on IRC.

διαχειριστής

the administrator of a channel or network on IRC

(computing) A symbol that represents a construct in a programming language and differs from a normal function in its syntax.


dash

From Middle English daschen, dassen, from Danish daske (“to slap, strike”), related to Swedish daska (“to smack, slap, spank”), of obscure origin. Compare German tatschen (“to grope, paw”), Old English dwǣsċan (“to quell, put out, destroy, extinguish”). See also dush.

noncog

(typography) Any of the following symbols: ‒ (figure dash), – (en dash), — (em dash), or ― (horizontal bar).

-i hope you find at least one thing on your dash that will make you laugh today.

2018, anonymous, quoted in Mélanie Bourdaa, "'May We Meet Again': Social Bonds, Activities, and Identities in the #Clexa Fandom", in A Companion to Media Fandom and Fan Studies (ed. Paul Booth), page 392

i cannot tell you how happy it makes me when i see my dash filled with selfies from other folks who look like me.

2018, "notthesameknowledge", quoted in Randall Lake, Recovering Argument, unnumbered page

You wanna know what else is all over my dash? Gifs of you and your boyfriend.

2018, Krista Ritchie, Becca Ritchie, Alphas Like Us, unnumbered page

(Internet, informal) The dashboard of a social media user.

A dashboard.
The dashboard of a social media user.


newbie

Uncertain: perhaps an alteration of newie with intrusive b (compare freebie), possibly a blend of newborn + baby, or perhaps a shortening of new boy or new beginner.

(Internet) A new user or participant; someone who is extremely new and inexperienced (to a game or activity). A beginner.


crash

From Middle English crasshen, crasschen, craschen (“to break into pieces”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from a variant of earlier *crasken, from crasen (“to break”) + -k (formative suffix); or from earlier *craskien, *craksien, a variant of craken (“to crack, break open”) (for form development compare break, brask, brash).

suffix

My computer had a crash so I had to reboot it.

(computing) A malfunction of computer software or hardware which causes it to shut down or become partially or totally inoperable.


crash

en-verb

crash (third-person singular simple present crashes, present participle crashing, simple past and past participle crashed)

crashes (present singular third-person)
crashing (participle present)
crashed (participle past)
crashed (past)

binnenvallen

slang: to turn up without having been invited

If the system crashes again, we'll have it fixed in the computer shop.

(computing, hardware, software, intransitive) To terminate or halt execution due to an exception.

Double-clicking this icon crashes the desktop.

(computing, hardware, software, transitive) To cause an exception that terminates or halts execution.


tool

From Middle English tool, tol, from Old English tōl (“tool, implement, instrument”, literally “that with which one prepares something”), perhaps borrowed from Old Norse tól, but at any rate ultimately from Proto-Germanic *tōlą (“that which is used in preparation, tool”), from Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂- (“to tie to, secure”), equivalent to taw (“to prepare”) + -le (agent suffix). Cognate with Scots tuil (“tool, implement, instrument, device”), Icelandic tól (“tool”), Faroese tól (“tool, instrument”). Related to Old English tāwian (“to make, prepare, or cultivate”); see taw, and tow ("fibres used for spinning").

cog

The software engineer had been developing lots of EDA tools.

a tool for recovering deleted files from a disk

(computing) A piece of software used to develop software or hardware, or to perform low-level operations.


vector

Learned borrowing from Latin vector (“carrier, transporter”), from vehō (“I carry, I transport, I bear”), also ultimately the root of English vehicle.
The “person or entity that passes along an urban legend or other meme” sense derives from the disease sense.
The mathematics sense was coined by Irish mathematician and astronomer William Rowan Hamilton in 1846.

lbor

Computers store many types of data as vectors for ease of processing.

A row vector is a matrix whose M dimension is 1. In fact, a row vector is a matrix consisting of a single row, and a column vector a matrix consisting of a single column.

2003 February 26, Julio Sanchez, Maria P. Canton, The PC Graphics Handbook, CRC Press, page 62

Color is stored as a vector attribute (R, G, B).

2011 March 8, Lee Lanier, Advanced Maya Texturing and Lighting, John Wiley & Sons, page 97

GPU cores are essentially vector-processing units, capable of applying the same instruction on a large collection of operands.

2022 February 9, Gerassimos Barlas, Multicore and GPU Programming: An Integrated Approach, Morgan Kaufmann, page 398

(mathematics, computing) An ordered tuple, originally one representing a directed quantity, but by extension any one-dimensional matrix.

(computing, operating systems) A memory address containing the address of a code entry point, usually one which is part of a table and often one that is dereferenced and jumped to during the execution of an interrupt.

wektor

To create a vector of students in a class, you will want the vector to be large enough […]

2004, Jesse Liberty, Bradley L. Jones, Sams Teach Yourself C++ in 21 Days, page 694

(programming) A kind of dynamically resizable array.

a vector image, vector graphics

(computer graphics, attributive) A graphical representation using outlines; vector graphics.


vector

en-verb

vector (third-person singular simple present vectors, present participle vectoring, simple past and past participle vectored)

vectors (present singular third-person)
vectoring (participle present)
vectored (participle past)
vectored (past)

(computing) To redirect to a vector, or code entry point.


chop

chop (third-person singular simple present chops, present participle chopping, simple past and past participle chopped)

chops (present singular third-person)
chopping (participle present)
chopped (participle past)
chopped (past)

From Middle English choppen, chappen (“to chop”), of uncertain origin, possibly onomatopoeic, or a variant of chap (“to become cracked”).
Cognate with Scots chap (“to chop”). Compare Saterland Frisian kappe, kapje (“to hack; chop; lop off”), Dutch kappen (“to chop, cut, hew”), German Low German kappen (“to cut off; clip”), German kappen (“to cut; clip”), German dialectal chapfen, kchapfen (“to chop into small pieces”), Albanian copë (“piece, chunk”), Old English *ċippian (in forċippian (“to cut off”)). Perhaps related to chip.

cog

Coordinate term: chomp

(computing, transitive, Perl) To remove the final character from (a text string).


chop

IRC supports mechanisms for the enforcement of acceptable behaviour on IRC. Channel operators — "chanops" or "chops" — have access to the /kick command, which throws a specified user out of the given channel.

1996, Peter Ludlow, High Noon on the Electronic Frontier, page 404


console converter

en-noun

console converter (plural console converters)

(video games) A peripheral used to bypass regional lockout on a video game console, allowing imported video games to be played on domestic video game consoles, but without circumventing copy protection.


regional lockout

regional lockout (countable and uncountable, plural regional lockouts)

Coined by the video game community and opponents of the lockout practice. The practice originated with and was devised by the video game industry and was later adopted by the film industry with the advent of DVDs.

(video games, DVD) The programming practice, code, or chip used to prevent the playing of imported media on a domestically marketed device.

地方停工

prevents the playing of imported media on a domestically marketed device


Yoshi

From Japanese ヨッシー (Yosshī, “Yoshi, the Super Mario Bros. dinosaur character”), 義 (Yoshi, common Japanese male given name), and many other spellings. See よし.


constant

en-adj

constant (comparative more constant, superlative most constant)

more constant (comparative)
most constant (superlative)

From Middle English constant, from Old French constant, from Latin constantem, accusative of constans, from constare (“to stand firm”). Displaced native Old English singal.

constant time   constant space

(computing, complexity theory) Bounded above by a constant.


constant

(computing) An identifier that is bound to an invariant value; a fixed value given a name to aid in readability of source code.


video game console

en-noun

video game console (plural video game consoles)

(video games) A dedicated electronic device that is designed to play video games, especially in accompaniment with a television.


publish

en-verb

publish (third-person singular simple present publishes, present participle publishing, simple past and past participle published)

publishes (present singular third-person)
publishing (participle present)
published (participle past)
published (past)
publish (infinitive)

private

From Middle English publicen (by analogy with banish, finish), from Old French publier, from Latin publicare (“to make public, show or tell to the people, make known, declare, also (and earlier) confiscate for public use”), from publicus (“pertaining to the people, public”); see public.

der

(Internet, transitive) To disseminate (a message) publicly via a newsgroup, forum, blog, etc.

julkaista

(Internet) to disseminate publicly via a newsgroup, forum, blog, etc.

(programming) To make (information such as an event) available to components that wish to be notified (subscribers).


matrix

From Middle English matris, matrice, matrix, from Old French matrice (“pregnant animal”), or from Latin mātrīx (“dam, womb”), both ultimately from māter (“mother”). Doublet of mother from Indo-European ancestor.
Slang usage coined with the 1999 sci-fi action film The Matrix.


pair

en-verb

pair (third-person singular simple present pairs, present participle pairing, simple past and past participle paired)

pairs (present singular third-person)
pairing (participle present)
paired (participle past)
paired (past)

From Middle English paire, from Old French paire, from Latin paria (“equals”), neuter plural of par (“pair”). Related to pār (“equal”, adj). Compare Saterland Frisian Poor (“pair”), West Frisian pear (“pair”), Dutch paar (“pair”), German Paar (“pair”).

It was not possible to pair my smartphone with an incompatible smartwatch.

If your computer has a built-in, non-Microsoft transceiver, you can pair the device directly to the computer by using your computer’s Bluetooth software configuration program but without using the Microsoft Bluetooth transceiver.

2015, Microsoft, “How-to: Keyboards”, in http://www.microsoft.com, retrieved 2015-02-21

(computing) to link two electronic devices wirelessly together, especially through a protocol such as Bluetooth


pot

(roleplaying games, video games) Clipping of potion.


sweat

en-noun

sweat (usually uncountable, plural sweats)

Sranan Tongo: sweti

Torres Strait Creole: swet

From Middle English swete, swet, swate, swote, from Old English swāt, from Proto-Germanic *swait-, *swaitą, from Proto-Indo-European *swoyd- (“to sweat”), o-grade of *sweyd- (“to sweat”). Cognate with West Frisian swit, Dutch zweet, German Schweiß, Danish sved, Swedish svett, Yiddish שוויצן (shvitsn) (English shvitz), Latin sudor, French sueur, Italian sudore, Spanish sudor, Persian خوی (xway, “sweat”), Sanskrit स्वेद (svéda), Lithuanian sviedri, Tocharian B syā-, Albanian djersë, and Welsh chwys.

inh

Casuals believe that sweats are ruining Fortnite. Sweats think that casuals just need to get better at the game. It's a never-ending debate that will never end, despite what anyone tries to say, but it's worth taking a look at regardless.

2021 October 13, Zachary Roberts, “How exactly are 'sweats' ruining Fortnite? Addressing the never ending try-hards vs casual debate”, in Sportskeeda

(video games, slang) An extremely or excessively competitive player.


sweat

en-verb

sweat (third-person singular simple present sweats, present participle sweating, simple past sweated or sweat, past participle sweated or (archaic) sweaten)

sweats (present singular third-person)
sweating (participle present)
sweated (past)
sweat (past)
sweated (participle past)
sweaten (archaic participle past)

From Middle English sweten, from Old English swǣtan, from Proto-Germanic *swaitijaną (“to sweat”). Compare Dutch zweten, German schwitzen, Danish svede. Doublet of shvitz.

There's no way we can win. These guys are sweating so hard.

With skill-based matchmaking, he wrote, "you have to sweat 100 percent of the time." They contend their audiences want to see them pull off amazing victories, not struggle endlessly against other top players.

2022 May 27, Ethan Davison, “Video game developers want fair online games. Some players really don’t.”, in The Washington Post

(video games) To be extremely dedicated to winning a game; to play competitively.


user

From Middle English usere, equivalent to use + -er. Cognate with Scots usar, uiser (“user”).

(computing) A person who uses a computer or a computing network, especially a person who has received a user account.


switch

→ Gulf Arabic: سويچ (swīč)

→ German: Switch

Perhaps from Middle Dutch swijch (“twig”). First attested in c. 1592.

камута́тар

system allowing the interconnection of telephone lines

Use the /b switch to specify black-and-white printing.

(computer science) A command line notation allowing specification of optional behavior.

2004, Curt, “Can I use IF statements, and still use switches?”, in microsoft.public.word.mailmerge.fields (Usenet):

(computing, programming) A programming construct that takes different actions depending on the value of an expression.

(computing, networking) A networking device connecting multiple wires, allowing them to communicate simultaneously, when possible. Compare to the less efficient hub device that solely duplicates network packets to each wire.


fork

Sranan Tongo: forku

→ Dutch: fork

→ Japanese: フォーク (fōku)

→ Kannada: ಫೋರ್ಕ್ (phōrk)

→ Korean: 포크 (pokeu)

→ Maori: paoka

→ Tamil: போர்க் (pōrk)

→ Telugu: ఫోర్క్ (phōrk)

From Middle English forke (“digging fork”), from Old English force, forca (“forked instrument used to torture”), from Proto-West Germanic *furkō (“fork”), from Latin furca (“pitchfork, forked stake; gallows, beam, stake, support post, yoke”), of uncertain origin. The Middle English word was later reinforced by Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French forque (= Old French forche whence French fourche), also from the Latin. Cognate also with North Frisian forck (“fork”), Dutch vork (“fork”), Danish fork (“fork”), German Forke (“pitchfork”). Displaced native gafol, ġeafel, ġeafle (“fork”), from Old English.
In its primary sense of “fork”, Latin furca appears to be derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰerk(ʷ)-, *ǵʰerg(ʷ)- (“fork”), although the development of the -c- is difficult to explain. In other senses this derivation is unlikely. For these, perhaps it is connected to Proto-Germanic *furkaz, *firkalaz (“stake, stick, pole, post”), from Proto-Indo-European *perg- (“pole, post”). If so, this would relate the word to Old English forclas pl (“bolt”), Old Saxon ferkal (“lock, bolt, bar”), Old Norse forkr (“pole, staff, stick”), Norwegian fork (“stick, bat”), Swedish fork (“pole”).

tienhaara

figurative: point in time of making a decision

odnož

computer science: copying and separately developing a project

bifurcació

computer science: a separately developed project based upon a copy of an existing project

a three-prong spear somewhat resembling a pitchfork

(figuratively, by abstraction, from a physical fork) (software development, content management, data management) A departure from having a single source of truth (SSOT), sometimes intentionally but usually unintentionally.

(software) The launch of one or more separate software development efforts based upon a modified copy of an existing project, especially in free and open-source software.

LibreOffice is a fork of OpenOffice.

(software) Any of the software projects resulting from the launch of such separate software development efforts based upon a copy of the original project.

Known as a “fork”, the new version of bitcoin (dubbed Bitcoin XT) would support more transactions per hour, at the cost of increasing the amount of memory required to hold a full database of all the bitcoin transactions throughout history, known as the blockchain.

2015 August 17, Alex Hern, “Bitcoin's forked: chief scientist launches alternative proposal for the currency”, in The Guardian

(cryptocurrencies) A split in a blockchain resulting from protocol disagreements, or a branch of the blockchain resulting from such a split.


fork

en-verb

fork (third-person singular simple present forks, present participle forking, simple past and past participle forked)

forks (present singular third-person)
forking (participle present)
forked (participle past)
forked (past)

A parent process forks a child process, which in turn can fork other processes.

2008, Mark G. Sobell, A Practical Guide to Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Pearson Education

It appears that the shell forks a copy of itself and that this copy then forks to make each of the previous processes in the pipeline.

2013, W. Richard Stevens, Stephen A. Rago, Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment, 3rd edition, Addison-Wesley, page 304

(transitive, intransitive) To divide into two or more branches or copies.

(transitive, intransitive, computing) To spawn a new child process by duplicating the existing process.

разклонявам

computer science: to spawn a new child process

fork bomb

computer science: spawn a new child process

For various reasons, McCool's server project subsequently forked, leading to the development of the Apache Web Server.

2007, Fadi P. Deek, James A. M. McHugh, Open Source: Technology and Policy, Cambridge University Press, page 21

Google forked WebKit to create the Blink project in April 2013 because they wanted to make larger-scale changes to WebKit to fit their own needs that did not align well with the WebKit project itself.

2015, Christian Bird et al., editors, The Art and Science of Analyzing Software Data, Elsevier, page 77

software engineering
software engineering

(transitive, intransitive, software engineering) To launch a separate software development effort based upon a modified copy of an existing software project, especially in free and open-source software.

afsplitsen

computer science: to copy and separately develop a software project

In this model, anyone can fork an existing repository and push changes to their personal fork.

2015, Sajal Debnath, Mastering PowerCLI, Packt Publishing Ltd, page 27

(transitive, software engineering) To create a copy of a distributed version control repository.


terp

So, I'm writing a Z-Machine terp. It is not done. It's getting there. Now, I have some ideas of things I would like this terp to do, but I thought it might be a nice idea to find out if there are any features that other people on this newsgroup would like in a Z-Machine terp.

2001 July 23, Fillmore, “Z-Machine terp”, in rec.arts.int-fiction (Usenet), message-ID <6j177.12538$Iz3.3461071@news2-win.server.ntlworld.com>

As far as I know all the TADS terps are just ports of the original.

2009 September 15, Dannii, “IF System Idea”, in rec.arts.int-fiction (Usenet), message-ID <15cd3135-0302-421e-be03-d40a5dbb1645@m7g2000prd.googlegroups.com>

(computing, slang) An interpreter (program that parses and executes another program).


factory

Tok Pisin: faktori

Welsh: ffatri

From Latin factorium (“place of doers, makers”). Compare Middle French factorie; Italian fattoria, Spanish factoría, Portuguese feitoria, Dutch factorij. By surface analysis, factor + -y.

faktori

colonial-era trading post operated by merchants in a foreign port

The task factory […] is the object that is responsible for creating instances of those tasks dynamically.

2010, Sayed Ibrahim Hashimi, William Bartholomew, Inside the Microsoft Build Engine

(programming) In a computer program or library, a function, method, etc. which creates an object.

tehdas

in computing, a function or method that creates objects


Java

Borrowed from Javanese ꦗꦮ (jawa), possibly from Sanskrit यव-द्वीप (yava-dvīpa, “island of barley”), used in reference to coffee grown on Java and nearby islands since at least 1850. The programming language (initially called Oak) is a reference to java, the blend of coffee from the island.

(computer languages) An object-oriented, garbage-collected computer programming language.

1996 October 6, Timothy Litwiller, “HOW TO MAKE A JAVA ALERT POP UP ON LOAD”, in comp.lang.javascript (Usenet):

In the input tag I include the onBlur="myfunction()" which checks if the field is filled (displays an alert if necessary and resets the focus). If I leave the first field I get an java alert which says that field two should have a value and then a java alert which says that field one should have a value and then a java... get the picture ?

1996 December 10, Cédric Bouckaert, “onBlur event handler with input fields”, in comp.lang.javascript (Usenet)

1997 January 7, Kenneth Roddy, “Java Alert Messages When Netscape Home Page Loads”, in comp.infosystems.www.browsers.ms-windows (Usenet):

I created an alert window using java script, but I found the fonts too small. Is there a way of controling font size and style when java alert window opens.

1997 February 18, AG, “alert...is there a way of controling font size and style when java alert window opens”, in comp.lang.javascript (Usenet)

2003 April 8, mpaulopes, “Passing values to a Java popup windows”, in macromedia.coldfusion.cfml_general_discussion (Usenet):

(computer languages, proscribed) JavaScript, when no distinction is made between it and Java.


crossing

en-noun

crossing (countable and uncountable, plural crossings)

(graph theory) A pair of intersecting edges.


nice

en-verb

nice (third-person singular simple present nices, present participle nicing, simple past and past participle niced)

nices (present singular third-person)
nicing (participle present)
niced (participle past)
niced (past)

Name of a Unix program used to invoke a script or program with a specified priority, with the implication that running at a lower priority is "nice" (kind, etc.) because it leaves more resources for others.

(transitive, computing, Unix) To run a process with a specified (usually lower) priority.


arrow

From Middle English arwe, from Old English earh (oblique form ēarw-), from Proto-West Germanic *arhu, from Proto-Germanic *arhwō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂érkʷo- (“bow, arrow”). Cognate with Faroese ørv (“arrow”), Icelandic ör (“arrow”), örvar (“arrows”), Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐍈𐌰𐌶𐌽𐌰 (arƕazna, “dart”), Latin arcus (“bow”).

der

(computing) The -> symbol, which has specific meanings in various programming languages.


arrow

en-verb

arrow (third-person singular simple present arrows, present participle arrowing, simple past and past participle arrowed)

arrows (present singular third-person)
arrowing (participle present)
arrowed (participle past)
arrowed (past)

Arrow left until you reach the start of the text you want to delete.

(computing, intransitive) To navigate using the arrow keys.


pop

en-noun

pop (countable and uncountable, plural pops)

From Middle English pop, poppe (“a blow; strike; buffet”) (> Middle English poppen (“to strike; thrust”, verb)), of onomatopoeic origin – used to describe the sound, or short, sharp actions. The physics sense is part of a facetious sequence "snap, crackle, pop", after the mascots of Rice Krispies cereal.

cog

Pushes and pops change the stack; indexing just accesses it.

2011, Mark Lutz, Programming Python, page 1371

(computing) The removal of a data item from the top of a stack.


pop

en-verb

pop (third-person singular simple present pops, present participle popping, simple past and past participle popped)

pops (present singular third-person)
popping (participle present)
popped (participle past)
popped (past)

Once the callee (the called function) terminates, it cleans the stack that it has been locally using and pops the next value stored on top of the stack.

2010, Enrico Perla, Massimiliano Oldani, A Guide to Kernel Exploitation: Attacking the Core, page 55

The algorithm pops the stack to obtain a new current node when there are no more children (when it reaches a leaf).

2011, John Mongan, Noah Kindler, Eric Giguère, Programming Interviews Exposed

(transitive, computing) To remove (a data item) from the top of a stack.

vetää

computing: to remove a data item from the top of a stack


share

→ Thai: แชร์ (chɛɛ)

From Middle English schare, schere, from Old English sċearu (“a cutting, shaving, a shearing, tonsure, part, division, share”), from Proto-West Germanic *skaru, from Proto-Germanic *skarō (“a division, detachment”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut, divide”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian skar, sker (“a share in a communal pasture”), Dutch schare (“share in property”), German Schar (“band, troop, party, company”), Icelandic skor (“department”). Compare shard, shear. Doublet of eschel.

cog

Upload media from the browser or directly to the file share.

(computing) A configuration enabling a resource to be shared over a network.

Freigabe

computing: configuration enabling sharing of resources

Social media is supervisual, and there's nothing more shareable than images, so this is a way to increase shares and likes and follows.

2016, Brooke Warner, Green-Light Your Book

(social media) The action of sharing something with other people via social media.


share

en-verb

share (third-person singular simple present shares, present participle sharing, simple past and past participle shared)

shares (present singular third-person)
sharing (participle present)
shared (participle past)
shared (past)

(computing, Internet) To allow public or private sharing of computer data or space in a network

teilen

(computing, Internet) to allow public or private sharing of computer data or space in a network


ship

→ Japanese: シップ (shippu)

From Middle English ship, schip, from Old English sċip, from Proto-West Germanic *skip, from Proto-Germanic *skipą, from Proto-Indo-European *skēyb-, *skib-. More at shift.
cognates
Cognate with West Frisian skip, Dutch schip, German Schiff, Yiddish שיף (shif), Danish skib, Norwegian skip, Swedish skepp. Related also to Lithuanian skiẽbti (“to rip up”), Latvian škibît (“to cut, lop”), Ancient Greek σκάφη (skáphē, “light boat, skiff”).

cog

it's not the size of the ship, it's the motion of the ocean

I don't know if there is another standard method, but the following approach works: Consider the collision of gliders from three rakes that produces a medium spaceship in the _same_ direction as the rake. This ship will follow along to the next collision point, which will not produce a spaceship, but rather some stable garbage, consisting of a block and a beehive.

1991 January 10, Paul Callahan, “Questions and comments about Conway's Life (long)”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet)

Aside from the one ship in B3/S124 shown above, the only spaceships of this size (with period up to 20) in any of these rules are the Life glider and the three known from B2/ (each of which also is found in some variants of the Life or B2/ rules).

1995 November 12, Rich Holmes, “Totalistic spaceships”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet)

While constructing a butterfly double gun I put one cell at the wrong site and the result was highly surprising: my pattern turned to a big, beautiful ship, very similar to those found in Aqua25 from Al Hensel's collection!

1999 June 23, Mirek Wojtowicz, “What else has Brian in his Brain?”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet)

(cellular automata, chiefly in combination) A spaceship.

But there are no ships, and no natural traffic lights or honey farms. The ship self destructs, and the predecessors to the traffic lights and honey farms self-destruct in spectacular manners.

1994 May 7, David Bell, “HighLife - An Interesting Variant of Life (part 1/3)”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet)

In the case of these "ship" neighborhoods, birth will occur at the center cell, thus deviating from the "overcrowding" rule of Life (HighLife allows such a birth in all neighborhoods containing 6 cells).

1994 June 5, Paul Callahan, “Interesting life program”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet)

(cellular automata) A particular still life consisting of an empty cell surrounded by six live cells.


import

en-verb

import (third-person singular simple present imports, present participle importing, simple past and past participle imported)

imports (present singular third-person)
importing (participle present)
imported (participle past)
imported (past)

From Middle English importen, from Old French emporter, importer, from Latin importō (“bring in from abroad, import”, verb), from in (“in, at, on; into”) + portō (“I carry, bear; convey”).

der

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

How can I import files from older versions of this application?

(transitive, computing) To load a file into a software application from another version or system.

зареждам

to load files into a computer from another source


interpreter

/ɪnˈtɜːpɹɪtə/

/ɪnˈtɝpɹɪtɚ/

From Middle English interpreter, interpretour, from Latin interpretor (“to explain, expound, understand”), from interpres (“agent, translator”).
Displaced native Old English wealhstod.

Programs written in the BASIC language are usually run through an interpreter, though some can be compiled.

(computing) A program that executes another program written in a high-level language by reading the instructions in real time rather than by compiling it in advance.


trout

en-verb

trout (third-person singular simple present trouts, present participle trouting, simple past and past participle trouted)

trouts (present singular third-person)
trouting (participle present)
trouted (participle past)
trouted (past)

From Middle English troute, troughte, trught, trouȝt, trouhte, partly from Old English truht (“trout”), and partly from Old French truite; both from Late Latin tructa, perhaps from Ancient Greek τρώκτης (trṓktēs, “nibbler”), from τρώγω (trṓgō, “I gnaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, to turn”). The Internet verb sense originated on BBSes of the 1980s, probably from Monty Python's The Fish-Slapping Dance (1972), though that sketch involved a halibut.

der

(transitive, Internet chat) To (figuratively) slap someone with a slimy, stinky, wet trout; to admonish jocularly.

truchear

Internet. To figuratively slap someone with a slimy, stinky, wet trout; to admonish jocularly.


glyph

First attested in 1727. Borrowed from French glyphe, from Ancient Greek γλυφή (gluphḗ, “carving”), from γλύφω (glúphō, “I carve, engrave”).

глиф

carved relief representing a sound, word or idea

(typography, computing) A visual representation of a letter, character, or symbol, in a specific font and style.


snowflake

en-verb

snowflake (third-person singular simple present snowflakes, present participle snowflaking, simple past and past participle snowflaked)

snowflakes (present singular third-person)
snowflaking (participle present)
snowflaked (participle past)
snowflaked (past)

From snow + flake. Compare Saterland Frisian Sneeflokke (“snowflake”), Dutch sneeuwvlok, Luxembourgish Schnéiflack, German Schneeflocke.

cog

(computing, databases) To arrange (data) into a snowflake schema.


source routing

(in a packet switching network) A technique whereby the sender of a packet can specify the route that a packet should take through the network.


giga-

From Ancient Greek γίγας (gígas, “giant”); cognate to giant.

(computing, sometimes proscribed) Multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 2³⁰ or 1,073,741,824.


union

en-noun

union (countable and uncountable, plural unions)

→ Bengali: ইউনিয়ন (iuniẏon) (learned)

From Middle English unyoun, from Old French union, from Late Latin ūniō, ūniōnem (“oneness, unity”), from Latin ūnus (“one”). Doublet of unio.

der

Unions are useful in those cases where you need to keep track of a value that can be represented as different data types during the lifetime of the program.

2008, Kris Bell, Lars Ivar Igesund, Sean Kelly, Learn to Tango with D, page 58

(countable, programming) A data structure that can store any of various types of item, but only one at a time.


flood

en-verb

flood (third-person singular simple present floods, present participle flooding, simple past and past participle flooded)

floods (present singular third-person)
flooding (participle present)
flooded (participle past)
flooded (past)

From Middle English flod, from Old English flōd, from Proto-West Germanic *flōdu, from Proto-Germanic *flōduz, from *plew- (“to flow”). Cognate with Scots flude, fluid, Saterland Frisian Floud, Dutch vloed, German Flut, Danish flod, Icelandic flóð, and Gothic 𐍆𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌿𐍃 (flōdus).

There's also a spam filter in the code now, so if someone attempts to flood people's screens with macros or a bot, everything after the first few lines is thrown away.

1998, Dr. Cat, “Furry web site plug”, in alt.fan.furry (Usenet)

(Internet, transitive, intransitive) To paste numerous lines of text to (a chat system) in order to disrupt the conversation.


ERP

en-noun

ERP (countable and uncountable, plural ERPs)

enterprise resource planning
w:Enterprise resource planning

(operations, software) Initialism of enterprise resource planning.