nitrogen

en-noun

nitrogen (countable and uncountable, plural nitrogens)

[ˈnɐɪtʰɹəd͡ʒən]

From French nitrogène (coined by Jean-Antoine Chaptal), corresponding to nitro- + -gen. See niter.

All life depends on nitrogen; it is the building block from which nature assembles amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids; the genetic information that orders and perpetuates life is written in nitrogen ink.

2006, Michael Pollan, The Omnivore's Dilemma, The Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 42:

(uncountable) The chemical element (symbol N) with an atomic number of 7 and atomic weight of 14.0067. It is a colorless and odorless gas.


azotic

(obsolete) Pertaining to azote, or nitrogen; formed or consisting of azote

azotique

(chemistry, obsolete) pertaining to azote, or nitrogen


azote

Borrowed from French azote, from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “without”) + ζωή (zōḗ, “life”) + -τικός (-tikós, “adjective suffix”). Named by French chemist and biologist Antoine Lavoisier, who saw it as the part of air which cannot sustain life.

Azote is one of the most abundant elements in nature, and combined with calorique or heat, it forms azotic gas or phlogistic air, and composes two thirds of the atmosphere […].

1791, Erasmus Darwin, The Economy of Vegetation, J. Johnson, page 73:

The proportion of azote gas to that of the oxigen obtained is as 64 to 36.

1801, Christopher Girtanner, “A Memoir, in which the Queſtion is examined, whether Azote be a ſimple or complex body?”, in William Nicholson, editor, Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry and the Arts, volume 4, page 170:

1823, Chemistry, entry in Charles Maclaren (chief editor), Encyclopædia Britannica, 6th Edition, page 366,
Hence it is obvious that deutoxide of azote is a compound of one volume of azote and one volume of oxygen gas united together, without any alteration of volume, consequently its specific gravity is the mean of that of oxygen and azotic gases.It is composed, by weight, of azote 0.9722 or 1.75, oxygen 1.1111 or 2. If we reckon the atomic weight of azote 1.75, this gas is obviously a compound of one atom azote and two atoms oxygen.

Those who have adopted these opinions, represent the atom of azote by the number 1.75. We consider the 5 compounds of azote and oxygen, as composed of 1 atom azote, united with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, atoms of oxygen.

1831, Thomas Thomson, A System of Chemistry of Inorganic Bodies, volume 1, page 133:


amide

(inorganic chemistry) Any ionic derivative of ammonia in which a hydrogen atom has been replaced with a metal cation (R-NH⁻ or R₂N⁻)


nitrate

[ˈnaɪ̯ˌtʰɹeɪ̯t]

Nitrates are most commonly used in fertilizers, especially sodium and potassium nitrates. Numerous water wells have had to be abandoned because of the lack of a way to deal with the problem.

1992 March 10, “Removal of Nitrates”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

The underground water which feeds Britain's springs and rivers and provides a third of its drinking water is becoming seriously polluted with nitrates, causing a threat to wildlife and landing consumers with a big purification bill.

2003 August 11, Paul Brown, “Nitrate pollution raises water bills”, in The Guardian:

The pinkness of bacon – or cooked ham, or salami – is a sign that it has been treated with chemicals, more specifically with nitrates and nitrites.

2018 March 1, Bee Wilson, “Yes, bacon really is killing us”, in The Guardian:

(chemistry) Any salt or ester of nitric acid.


azo-

azine

(organic chemistry) Containing nitrogen especially as the divalent group N=N.


CHONPS

(mnemonic) Initialism of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur: the main elements that occur naturally in carbon-based living systems on Earth.


nitric acid

Instantly a little vapour arose from it, as happens when one disturbs nitric acid, and this sight did not increase my hopes, already faint enough, of the efficacy of the treatment.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

(inorganic chemistry) A transparent, colorless to pale yellow, fuming corrosive liquid, HNO₃; a highly reactive oxidizing agent used in the production of fertilizers, explosives, and rocket fuels and in a wide variety of industrial processes; once called aqua fortis.


nitro-

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From Ancient Greek νίτρον (nítron). See niter.


decompression sickness

(pathology) A sometimes fatal condition resulting from the formation of nitrogen bubbles in the blood and tissues, because of too rapid decompression, seen especially in deep-sea divers ascending rapidly from a dive. It is characterized by severe pains in the joints and chest, skin irritation, cramps, nausea, and paralysis.


nitrogen cycle

The natural circulation of nitrogen, in which atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogen oxides by lightning and deposited in the soil by rain, where it is assimilated by plants and either eaten by animals (and returned as faeces) or decomposed back to elemental nitrogen by bacteria.


nitrogen-fixing

Legumes are nitrogen-fixing plants, growing them actually adds nitrogen to the soil rather than using it up.

Of a plant, microbe, etc., able to convert inorganic nitrogen into a form usable in the biosphere.


nitrogen fixation

(biochemistry, organic chemistry) the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and organic derivatives, by natural means, especially such conversion, by microorganisms in the soil, into a form that can be assimilated by plants


diazo

(organic chemistry) Containing a pair of double bonded nitrogen atoms, typically directly attached to an aryl group.


aza

"However, aza N-atoms (~N=) have to be counted, if they replace methine groups in the chain."

2003, Heinrich Zollinger, Color Chemistry, →ISBN, page 73:

(organic chemistry, attributive) A nitrogen atom substituted for a carbon atom within a ring.


nitr-

(organic chemistry) Alternative form of nitro- used before a vowel.


nitride

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This process provides an unpatternable sheet of silicon nitride that electrically isolates the devices […]

2005, Paolo Dario, Raja Chatila, Robotics Research: The Eleventh International Symposium, page 506:

Presence of nitrides, argonides, arsenides, and iodides in the crystalline rocks

2017, Kathleen F. Edwards, Joel F. Liebman, No Nobel for Noble Gases - Some Guesses Why:

(chemistry) A compound of nitrogen where nitrogen has an oxidation state of −3.


azotemia

azotemia (countable and uncountable, plural azotemias)

/ˌæzəʊˈtiːmɪə/

(pathology) The accumulation in the blood of nitrogen-bearing waste products (such as urea) that are usually excreted in the urine.

αζωθαιμία

accumulation in the blood of waste products


nitrox

Blend of nitro(gen) + ox(ygen). Analyzable as nitro- + ox

"Enriched air" or "nitrox" is a mixture of air and oxygen; the oxygen component ranges to about 50% but is used normally at 32 to 40%. [...] Safe enriched air nitrox diving practices established for the scientific diving community might be of some value and could help avoid accidents due to ignorance of its hazards and use of improper procedures.

1989 September, “Abstract”, in R. W. Hamilton, Dudley J. Crosson, Alan W. Hulbert, editors, Workshop on Enriched Air Nitrox Diving (National Undersea Research Program Research Report; 89-1), Rockville, Md.: Office of Undersea Research, Oceanic and Atmosphere Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, →OCLC, page 1:

NOAA Nitrox I is a standard breathing gas mixture of 32% oxygen (±1%); the balance of the gas (68%) is nitrogen. [...] High-pressure storage cylinders, scuba tanks, regulators, and all high-pressure gas transfer equipment that is used with pure oxygen or with nitrox mixtures that contain more than 40 percent oxygen must be cleaned and maintained for oxygen service.

1991 October, “Appendix D: NOAA Nitrox I Diving and Decompression Tables”, in NOAA Diving Manual: Diving for Science and Technology, Silver Spring, Md.: Office of Undersea Research, Oceanic and Atmosphere Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, →OCLC, page D-1:

Is there a compromise between too much oxygen and too much inert gas? The answer is the use of enriched air nitrox (enriched air) mixtures in the SCUBA tank. The two most commonly used mixtures are 32 percent and 36 percent oxygen mixtures. [...] [T]he increased oxygen percentages make the diver using nitrox mixtures more subject to oxygen seizures. With nitrox mixtures, the relative increase in oxygen percentage is over three times the relative decrease in nitrogen percentage.

2004, Michael B. Strauss, Igor V. Aksenov, Diving Science, Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics, →ISBN, page 35:

[N]itrox is often referred to as ‘enriched air’ or ‘enriched air – nitrox’ (EANx). By convention, the mix is described by reference to its oxygen content. Thus, if a nitrox mix contains 36 per cent oxygen, then it is referred to as ‘nitrox 36’ (‘Nx36’) or ‘EANx36’. [...] [T]he nitrox diver can use the reduced absorption of nitrogen to increase allowable dive time by using the EAD to derive the no-decompression limit for the dive or as a basis for calculating decompression. This approach allows longer dives and shorter decompression.

2016, Carl Edmonds, Michael Bennett, John Lippmann, Simon J. Mitchell, “Technical Diving”, in Diving and Subaquatic Medicine, 5th edition, Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, part 10 (Specialized Diving and Its Problems), page 705:

(underwater diving) A mixture of nitrogen and oxygen, the nitrogen content being lower than that of normal air, which is used in place of air as a breathing gas.

نيتروكس

mixture of nitrogen and oxygen used as a breathing gas


heliair

(underwater diving) A mixture of helium, nitrogen and oxygen, used as a breathing gas instead of normal air.


azine

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds, having the general formula R₂C=NN=CR₂, produced by the action of a carbonyl compound with hydrazine.


diazoamino

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry) the functional group -N=N-N<


CNO cycle

carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle
carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle


carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle

(physics, astronomy) A group of nuclear reactions, that involve the interaction of protons with carbon, nitrogen and oxygen nuclei, thought to be the main source of energy in main-sequence stars of greater than 1.4 solar mass.

ciclo del carbonio-azoto

a group of nuclear reactions thought to be the main source of energy in main-sequence stars of greater than 1.4 solar mass


dinitrogen

(chemistry) the normal nitrogen molecule having two atoms

(chemistry, used in combination) two atoms of nitrogen as part of some other compound


nitrogen fixer

(biochemistry) a plant or other organism which performs nitrogen fixation


nitrogeniferous

(obsolete, chemistry) containing, or yielding nitrogen


liquid nitrogen

Nitrogen that has been cooled to the liquid state; used in cryogenics.


(physics) A stable isotope of nitrogen, ¹⁴₇N, having seven protons and seven neutrons; it accounts for over 99% of the natural element.


positron emission tomography
positron emission tomography

(physics) A radioactive isotope of nitrogen, ¹³₇N, having seven protons and six neutrons, and a half-life of less than ten minutes; it is used in positron emission tomography. It also plays a role in the CNO cycle.


nuclear magnetic resonance
nuclear magnetic resonance

(physics) A stable isotope of nitrogen, ¹⁵₇N, having seven protons and eight neutrons; it accounts for less than 0.4% of the natural element; it is used in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy


organonitrogen

(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing nitrogen


subnitride

(chemistry) Any nitride containing a smaller proportion of nitrogen than a related compound


aza-

Derived from shortening the word azote (“nitrogen”).

(organic chemistry) Used to form names of organic compounds where a carbon atom is replaced by a nitrogen atom.


carbonitride

en-verb

carbonitride (third-person singular simple present carbonitrides, present participle carbonitriding, simple past and past participle carbonitrided)

carbonitrides (present singular third-person)
carbonitriding (participle present)
carbonitrided (participle past)
carbonitrided (past)

To harden the surface of a metal using carbon and nitrogen


nitrocarburize

nitrocarburize (third-person singular simple present nitrocarburizes, present participle nitrocarburizing, simple past and past participle nitrocarburized)

nitrocarburizes (present singular third-person)
nitrocarburizing (participle present)
nitrocarburized (participle past)
nitrocarburized (past)

To harden the surface of (a ferrous metal) by diffusing nitrogen and carbon atoms into it.


trimix

en-noun

trimix (countable and uncountable, plural trimixes)

(underwater diving) A mixture of helium, nitrogen, and oxygen used in deep diving as a breathing gas instead of air.


hexazine

(inorganic chemistry) The allotrope of nitrogen (N₆) composed of a ring of six atoms, arranged like those of benzene


CHNOPS

From C + H + N + O + P + S.
From the translingual CHNOPS.

CHNOPS; Acronym of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur.


CHON

From C + H + O + N. From translingual CHON.

Acronym of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.


Abbreviation of liquid nitrogen (“a liquid composed of the liquid phase of molecular nitrogen (N₂)”).


antinitrogen

(physics) The theoretical antimatter form of nitrogen.


NTO

nitrogen tetroxide
nitrogen tetroxide#English

dinitrogen tetroxide
dinitrogen tetroxide#English

Abbreviation of nitrogen tetroxide. (dinitrogen tetroxide, N₂O₄)


azafullerene

(organic chemistry) Any heterofullerene in which one or more carbon atoms has been replaced by nitrogen


hydroazafullerene

hydroazafullerene (countable and uncountable, plural hydroazafullerenes)

(organic chemistry) A hydroheterofullerene in which one or more carbon atoms have been replaced by >NH groups


organonitrate

(organic chemistry) Any organic nitrate ester.


azaphilic

en-adj

azaphilic (comparative more azaphilic, superlative most azaphilic)

more azaphilic (comparative)
most azaphilic (superlative)

(chemistry) That is attracted to, or centred on the nitrogen atom of a molecule


octaazacubane

en-noun

octaazacubane (countable and uncountable, plural octaazacubanes)

From octa- + aza- + cubane. From cube + -ane.

A theoretical molecule composed of eight (8) nitrogen atoms only, in a cubic configuration, with each nitrogen (N) atom being a vertex on the cube, and bonding to three other nitrogens at the nearest three other vertexes. This is theorized to be the high explosive with the highest velocity, the most explosive non-nuclear explosive. It is an allotrope of nitrogen, and an analogue of the organic molecule cubane; and an isomer of octanitrogen (N₈).


cadmium nitrate

(inorganic chemistry) An inorganic compound of cadmium with the chemical formula Cd(NO₃)₂.