millisecond

We live our lives in three dimensions for our threescore and ten allotted years. Yet every branch of contemporary science, from statistics to cosmology, alludes to processes that operate on scales outside of human experience: the millisecond and the nanometer, the eon and the light-year.

2012 January 20, Robert L. Dorit, “Rereading Darwin”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 2012-11-14, page 23:

The suggestion that pulsars were rotating neutron stars was put forth independently by Thomas Gold and Franco Pacini in 1968, and was soon proven beyond reasonable doubt by the discovery of a pulsar with a very short (33-millisecond) pulse period in the Crab nebula.ᵂ

(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10⁻³ seconds. Symbol: ms


nanosecond

“We were heavily involved in also trading: people on Wall Street were buying our stuff to save a few nanoseconds on the wire, the banks were doing crazy things like pulling the fibres under the Hudson taut to make them a little big shorter, to save a few nanoseconds between their datacentre and the stock exchange,” he said.

2023 March 26, Alex Hern, quoting Michael Kagan, “Cryptocurrencies add nothing useful to society, says chip-maker Nvidia”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10⁻⁹ seconds. Symbol: ns


picosecond

(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10⁻¹² seconds. Symbol: ps


second

From Middle English secunde, second, secound, secund, borrowed from Old French second, seond, from Latin secundus (“following, next in order”), from root of sequor (“I follow”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”). Doublet of secund and secundo. Displaced native twoth and partially displaced native other (from Old English ōþer (“other; next; second”)).

noncog

Many packs have a sixer's council where the sixers, and sometimes the seconds, meet with Akela and some of the other leaders.

1995, Boy Scouts of Canada. National Council, The Cub Book:

A Cub Scout appointed to assist the sixer.


second

From Middle English secunde, seconde, borrowed from Old French seconde, from Medieval Latin secunda, short for secunda pars minuta (“second diminished part (of the hour)”).

A unit of time historically and commonly defined as a sixtieth of a minute which the International System of Units more precisely defines as the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of radiation corresponding to the transition between two hyperfine levels of caesium-133 in a ground state at a temperature of absolute zero and at rest.

асекунда

one-sixtieth of a minute; SI unit of time


gray

Named after English physicist Louis Harold Gray (1905–1965).

named-after

Coordinate term: rad

International System of Units
International System of Units

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of absorbed dose of radiation (radiation absorbed by a patient); one joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of the patient's mass. Symbol: Gy


us

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé
Proto-Germanic *uns
Old English ūs
Middle English us
English us
From Middle English us, from Old English ūs (“us”, dative personal pronoun), from Proto-Germanic *uns (“us”), from Proto-Indo-European *ne-, *nō-, *n-ge-, *n̥smé (“us”). The compensatory lengthening was lost in Middle English due to the word being unstressed while being used. Cognate with Saterland Frisian uus (“us”), West Frisian us, ús (“us”), Low German us (“us”), Dutch ons (“us”), German uns (“us”), Danish os (“us”), Latin nōs (“we, us”).

inh

my very educated mother just served us nachos

my very educated mother just served us nine pizzas

my very educated mother just served us nine pumpkins

my very educated mother just served us noodles

my very excellent mother just served us nine pizzas

Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us...

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 1:1:

Who's there? —Us. (or) —It's us.
Who's going to go? —Us. We'll go.

Used where "me" would be used instead of "I", e.g. for the pronoun in isolation or as the complement of the copula

(personal) Me and at least one other person; the objective case of we.

Give us a look at your paper.

Give us your wallet!

She's turned the weans against us!

(Commonwealth, colloquial, chiefly with give) Me.

Look at us while you’re speaking to us.

Could you do that for us?


us

It's not good enough for us teachers.

The speakers/writers, or the speaker/writer and at least one other person.


us

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


meter

en-noun

meter (countable and uncountable, plural meters)

Senses 1.1, 2, and 3 were borrowed from French mètre and Latin metrum; see metre for more.
Sense 1.2 is a noun derived from mete, from Old English metan (“to measure, mark off”), possibly influencing the other meanings.

inh

(American spelling) Alternative form of metre


henry

Named after the American scientist Joseph Henry.

electrical inductance
electrical inductance

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electrical inductance; the inductance induced in a circuit by a rate of change of current of one ampere per second and a resulting electromotive force of one volt. Symbol: H


mole

Calqued from German Mol; spelled as if it had come directly from molecule or Latin moles (the ultimate source of Mol and molecule in any event).

(chemistry, physics) In the International System of Units, the base unit of amount of substance; the amount of substance of a system which contains exactly 6.02214076×10²³ elementary entities (atoms, ions, molecules, etc.). Symbol: mol. The number of atoms is known as Avogadro’s number. [from 1897]


gram

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma, “a small weight, a scruple”). Doublet of gramma.

der

A unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram. Symbol: g.


decameter

Borrowed from French décamètre. Equivalent to deca- + meter.


hectometre

(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10² metres. Symbol: hm


decimetre

Borrowed from French décimètre. By surface analysis, deci- + metre.

If the aquarium is placed where it receives insufficient daylight, artificial lighting by means of ordinary incandescent lamps should be employed. For good plant growth 2 decalumens of luminous flux per square decimetre of water surface […]

1956, C. van Duijn, Diseases of Fishes, page 149:

(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10⁻¹ metres. Symbol: dm


millimetre

An SI/MKS unit of measure, the length of ¹⁄₁₀₀₀ of a metre. Symbol: mm


centimetre

Borrowed from French centimètre; equivalent to centi- + metre.

(British spelling, Canadian spelling) (metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10⁻² metres. Symbol: cm


decimeter

Borrowed from French décimètre. Equivalent to deci- + meter.


centimeter

(American spelling) (Canadian spelling, alternative) Alternative form of centimetre


millimeter

From French millimètre, as if milli- + meter.


megameter

/mɛˈɡɐˌmɪtə/

/mɛˈɡɐˌmɪtəɹ/

[mɛˈɡɐˌmɪɾɚ]


micrometre

An SI/MKS unit of measure, the length of one millionth of a metre. Symbol: µm, um, rm


decametre

Borrowed from French décamètre. Equivalent to deca- + metre.

(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10¹ metres. Symbol: dam


milligram

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10⁻³ grams. Symbol: mg


metre

Tok Pisin: mita

→ Burmese: မီတာ (mita)

→ Chinese: 米突 (mǐtū, mǐtú)

→ Japanese: メーター (mētā)

→ Korean: 미터 (miteo) (South Korea), 메터 (meteo) (North Korea, China)

→ Maori: mita

→ Swahili: mita

→ Yoruba: mítà

From French mètre, from Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure, rule, length, size, poetic metre”). Doublet of meter, metron, and mether.

The measures of length above the metre are ten times ... greater than the metre.

1797, The Monthly magazine and British register, number 3:

A dress length of 8 metres of the best quality costs 58 francs.

The 12-metre yachts ... can be sailed efficiently with four paid hands.

The basic unit of length in the International System of Units (SI: Système International d'Unités), equal to the distance travelled by light in a vacuum in 1/299 792 458 seconds. The metre is equal to 39+⁴⁷⁄₁₂₇ (approximately 39.37) imperial inches.


kilometre

/kɪˈlɔmɪtəɹ/

From French kilomètre, from Ancient Greek χίλιοι (khílioi, “thousand”) + μέτρον (métron, “measure”); equivalent to kilo- + metre.

(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10³ metres. Symbol: km


gramme

(UK) Dated spelling of gram. (unit of mass)


centigram

/ˈsɛntɪˌɡɹæm/

From French centigramme; equivalent to centi- + gram.

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10⁻² grams. Symbol: cg


decigram

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10⁻¹ grams. Symbol: dg


decagram

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10¹ grams. Symbol: dag


degree Celsius

A metric unit of temperature, a derived unit of the International System of Units. Symbol: °C


steradian

(geometry) In the International System of Units, the derived unit of solid angle; the solid angle subtended at the centre of a sphere of radius r by a portion of the surface of the sphere that has area r². Symbol: sr


katal

From Ancient Greek κατάλυσις (katálusis, “dissolution”), from καταλύω (katalúō, “I dissolve”), from κατά (katá, “down”) + λύω (lúō, “I loose”).

(chemistry) In the International System of Units, the derived unit of catalytic activity; one mole per second. Symbol: kat.


becquerel

Borrowed from French becquerel. Named after the French physicist Henri Becquerel.

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of radioactive activity; the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second. Symbol: Bq


radian

(geometry) In the International System of Units, the derived unit of plane angular measure of angle equal to the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc of its circumference equal in length to the radius of the circle. Symbol: rad.


farad

Named after the English physicist Michael Faraday.

potential difference
potential difference

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electrical capacitance; the capacitance of a capacitor in which one coulomb of charge causes a potential difference of one volt across the capacitor. Symbol: F


ampere

Named after French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).

named-after

Definition: The ampere, symbol A, is the SI unit of electric current. It is defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the elementary charge e to be 1.602 176 634 x 10⁻¹⁹ when expressed in the unit C, which is equal to A s, where the second is defined in terms of Δν_(Cs). (The International Bureau of Weights and Measures)

A unit of electrical current, the standard base unit in the International System of Units; colloquially amp. Abbreviation: amp, Symbol: A


joule

Named after English physicist James Prescott Joule (1818–1889). The surname is a variant of Joel.

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of energy, work and heat; the work required to exert a force of one newton for a distance of one metre. Equivalent to one watt of power for a duration of one second. Symbol: J


siemens

Named after the German inventor Werner von Siemens.

electrical conductance
electrical conductance

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electrical conductance; the electric conductance in a body that has a resistance of one ohm. Symbol: S


hertz

Named after German physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1857–1894).

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of frequency; one (period or cycle of any periodic event) per second. Symbol: Hz


ohm

Named after Bavarian physicist Georg Ohm. A German surname, first recorded in the 12th century, from German Ohm (“uncle”), from a Proto-Germanic word. Compare Dutch oom (“uncle”).

electrical resistance
electrical resistance

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electrical resistance; the electrical resistance of a device across which a potential difference of one volt causes a current of one ampere. Symbol: Ω


coulomb

From French coulomb, from the French physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb.

He is charged up with enough coulombs to make his hair stand on end.

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electric charge; the amount of electric charge carried by a current of 1 ampere flowing for 1 second. Symbol: C


pascal

Borrowed from French pascal, named after French scientist and philosopher Blaise Pascal. Doublet of Paschal.

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of pressure and stress; one newton per square metre. Symbol: Pa.


sievert

From Swedish Sievert. Named after the Swedish radiologist Rolf Sievert.

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of radiation dose; the dose received in one hour at a distance of 1 cm from a point source of 1 mg of radium in a 0.5 mm thick platinum enclosure. Symbol: Sv


kelvin

Named after Irish-born Scottish physicist William Thomson, Lord Kelvin. For the surname, see Kelvin.

thermodynamic temperature
thermodynamic temperature

In the International System of Units, the base unit of thermodynamic temperature; ¹⁄_(273.16) of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. Shown as "K".


newton

Named after the English scientist Sir Isaac Newton.

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of force; the force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram by one metre per second per second. Symbol: N.


candela

en-noun

candela (plural candelas or (rare) candelae)

candelas (plural)
candelae (plural rare)

Borrowed from Latin candēla (“candle”). Doublet of candle and chandelle.

In the International System of Units, the base unit of luminous intensity; the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 10¹² hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian. Symbol: cd


lux

Borrowed from Latin lūx (“light”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“white; light; bright”). Cognates include Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white, blank, light, bright, clear”), Ancient Greek λύκη (lúkē, “light, morning twilight”), Sanskrit रोचते (rocate), Middle Persian 𐭩𐭥𐭬 (rōz, “day”) and Old English lēoht (noun) (English light).

cog

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of illuminance or illumination; one lumen per square metre. Symbol: lx


weber

Named after the German physicist Wilhelm Eduard Weber

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of magnetic flux; the flux linking a circuit of one turn that produces an electromotive force of one volt when reduced uniformly to zero in one second. Symbol: Wb.


watt

what (Received Pronunciation, wine–whine merger)

Named after Scottish engineer James Watt. For the surname, see Watt.

named-after

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of power; the power of a system in which one joule of energy is transferred per second. Symbol: W


tesla

Named after Serbian-American inventor Nikola Tesla; where Nikola means Nicholas, and Tesla is a Serbian surname. In Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Тесла.

In a draft paper, REBCO wiring has been reported to produce magnetic fields over 35 Tesla; the ARC design only needs 20T fields.

2015 August 18, John Timmer, “Small, modular nuke plant proposed—this time for fusion”, in Ars Technica:

magnetic flux density
magnetic flux density

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of magnetic flux density or magnetic inductivity. Symbol: T

ቴስላ

Unit of measurement of magnetic flux density


lumen

Borrowed from Latin lumen (“light, an opening”). Use as a unit was first adopted by French physicist André Blondel in 1894.

(physics) In the International System of Units, the derived unit of luminous flux; the light that is emitted in a solid angle of one steradian from a source of one candela. Symbol: lm.


kilogram

From French kilogramme. By surface analysis, kilo- + gram.

In the International System of Units, the base unit of mass; conceived of as the mass of one litre of water, but now defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.626 070 15 × 10⁻³⁴ when expressed in units of kg⋅m²⋅s⁻¹. Symbol: kg


volt

Named after Italian physicist Alessandro Volta. For the surname, see Italian Volta.

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electrical potential and electromotive force (voltage); the potential difference across a conductor when a current of one ampere uses one watt of power. Symbol: V


grain

en-noun

grain (countable and uncountable, plural grains)

From Middle English greyn, grayn, grein, from Old French grain, grein, from Latin grānum (“seed”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂nóm (“grain”). Doublet of corn, gram, granum, and grao.

𒊺

harvested seeds of various grass-related food crops

гран

unit of mass notionally based on grain's weight

en:any of various units of mass
en:English grain, 64.79891 mg

(countable) Any of various small units of mass originally notionally based on grain's weight, variously standardized at different places and times, including

The English grain of ¹⁄₅₇₆₀ troy pound or ¹⁄₇₀₀₀ pound avoirdupois, now exactly 64.79891 mg.

en:any of various units of mass
en:quarter-carat as 50 mg

The metric, carat, or pearl grain of ¹⁄₄ carat used for measuring precious stones and pearls, now exactly 50 mg.


ky

(metrology) Symbol for kiloyear, an SI unit of time equal to 10³ years.


ton

→ Tokelauan: tone, tane

Variant of tun (“cask”), influenced by Old French tonne (“ton”).

ton

various units of mass notionally equivalent to a tun

Any of various units of mass, originally notionally equal to the contents of a tun, particularly:

The short ton of 2000 pounds (about 907 kg), 20 hundredweights of 100 pounds avoirdupois each.

Any of various units of volume, originally notionally equal to the contents of a tun, particularly:

The measurement ton of (US) 40 or (UK) 42 cubic feet (about 1.1 or 1.2 m³).

The register ton of 100 cubic feet (about 2.83 m³).

(colloquial, chiefly UK) Synonym of hundred, particularly

Synonym of hundred, particularly
100 pounds sterling.


metric ton

One typical Grecian kiln engorged one thousand muleloads of juniper wood in a single burn. Fifty such kilns would devour six thousand metric tons of trees and brush annually.

2006, Edwin Black, chapter 2, in Internal Combustion:

(chiefly US) A unit of mass equal to 1000 kilograms, about 2204.6 pounds avoirdupois.


tonne

From French tonne. Doublet of ton and tun.

Although loads of up to 900 tonnes could be handled by one of these locomotives, in practice the load is limited to 790 tonnes by drawgear.

1961 February, “Letters to the Editor: Swiss railways”, in Trains Illustrated, page 126:

The metric ton or 'tonne' is accepted as a synonym for the megagramme, and this form Is to be preferred on the grounds of brevity and familiarity in the industry. It may be as well to use the pronunciation 'tunnie' until the risk of confusion with the old ton has passed.

1971, Transactions of the Royal Institute of Naval Arcihtects, volume 113, page 215:

The British Steel Corporation, going metric but realising the possible confusion between a ton and a tonne (1,000 kilograms) has directed its staff to pronounce ‘tonne’ ‘tunnie’.

The tonne rhymes with con (perhaps not in North America!) to distinguish it from the non-SI unit of weight, the ton rhyming with bun.

2002, Richard Chapman, Physics for Geologists, CRC Press, published 2002, →ISBN, page 138:

(outside U.S.) A unit of mass equal to 1000 kilograms.


yottagram

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10²⁴ grams. Symbol: Yg


zettagram

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10²¹ grams. Symbol: Zg


teragram

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10¹² grams. Symbol: Tg


gigagram

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10⁹ grams. Symbol: Gg


zeptogram

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10⁻²¹ grams. Symbol: zg


petagram

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10¹⁵ grams. Symbol: Pg

An SI unit of mass equal to 10¹⁵ grams. Symbol: Pg
Sometimes used in Carbon Dioxide numbers, it is equivalent to Metric Gigatons (Giga) 10⁹ x (Ton) 10³ x (kg) 10³ = 10¹⁵


yoctogram

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10⁻²⁴ grams. Symbol: yg


femtogram

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10⁻¹⁵ grams. Symbol: fg


nanogram

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10⁻⁹ grams. Symbol: ng


attogram

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10⁻¹⁸ grams. Symbol: ag


exagram

(rare) (metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10¹⁸ grams. Symbol: Eg


picogram

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10⁻¹² grams. Symbol: pg


megagram

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10⁶ grams. Symbol: Mg


microgram

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10⁻⁶ grams. Symbol: μg A unit of mass equal to one millionth of a gram, or 0.000 001 grams.


hectogram

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10² grams. Symbol: hg


zettasecond

(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10²¹ seconds. Symbol: Zs


gigasecond

(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10⁹ seconds. Symbol: Gs


exasecond

(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10¹⁸ seconds. Symbol: Es


kilosecond

(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10³ seconds. Symbol: ks


terasecond

The solar system has been in existence for about 150000 teraseconds and may well remain in existence without major change for 500000 additional teraseconds.

(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10¹² seconds. Symbol: Ts


petasecond

(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10¹⁵ seconds. Symbol: Ps


megasecond

(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10⁶ seconds. Symbol: Ms


yoctosecond

(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10⁻²⁴ seconds. Symbol: ys


zeptosecond

(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10⁻²¹ seconds. Symbol: zs


decisecond

(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10⁻¹ seconds. Symbol: ds


femtosecond

Sheldon Cooper: My hair is growing at the rate of 4.6 yoctometers per femtosecond.

2012, Mark Cendrowski, The Big Bang Theory, Season 5, Episode 18, "The Werewolf Transformation"

The observation and manipulation of electron dynamics in matter call for attosecond light pulses, routinely available from high-order harmonic generation driven by few-femtosecond lasers.

2017, D. E. Rivas, A. Borot, D. E. Cardenas, G. Marcus, X. Gu, D. Herrmann, J. Xu, J. Tan, D. Kormin, G. Ma, W. Dallari, G. D. Tsakiris, I. B. Földes, S.-w. Chou, M. Weidman, B. Bergues, T. Wittmann, H. Schröder, P. Tzallas, D. Charalambidis, O. Razskazovskaya, V. Pervak, F. Krausz, L. Veisz, “Next Generation Driver for Attosecond and Laser-plasma Physics”, in Scientific Reports, volume 7, →DOI:

(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10⁻¹⁵ seconds. Symbol: fs


attosecond

I can think at the speed of light, I can perceive events that last for less than an attosecond, I can run faster than time. What do I see when I run across the country, Superman? I see everything. And everyone.

(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10⁻¹⁸ seconds. Symbol: as


yottasecond

Trades Descriptions Act... "always on" presumably means 100.00 % uptime for the rest of infinity with nary a yottasecond's downtime.

2000 October 31, Joe Harrison <joe.harrison@ANT15P4M.teamware.co.uk>, “Re: Bt openworld limitations .. post `em here”, in uk.telecom.broadband (Usenet), message-ID <8tms8c$2arb$1@news.icl.se>:

Basically, I want yottaseconds and yoctoyears calculated with the same datatype for normal time.

2009 February 20, Larry Wall <larry@wall.org>, “Re: r25445 - docs/Perl6/Spec/S32-setting-library”, in perl.perl6.language (Usenet), message-ID <20090220171124.GA18585@wall.org>:

12.7 furlongs per fortnight in parsecs per yottasecond

2009 April 3, <timewarp2008@yahoo.com>, “Re: The first rule of marriage”, in soc.religion.quaker,alt.stupidity (Usenet), message-ID <3ff2d63e-89dd-4c2d-bf14-995ec7088b92@y13g2000yqn.googlegroups.com>:

(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10²⁴ seconds. Symbol: Ys


centisecond

From centi- + second, modelled on French centiseconde.

A unit of time equal to 0.01 seconds and with symbol cs.


microsecond

(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10⁻⁶ seconds. Symbol: μs It is commonly represented with symbol µs.


cubic centimeter

cubic centimeter (plural cubic centimeters)

cubic centimetre
cubic centimetre#English


cubic centimetre

cubic centimetre (plural cubic centimetres)

A unit of volume equal to that of a cube having sides each one centimetre in length, equal to 10⁻⁶ cubic metres and 1 millilitre. Commonly used in fluid measure and for engine sizes.


cubic metre

Meronyms: cubic centimetre, cubic decimetre, cubic foot, cubic inch, cubic yard

A unit of volume equal to that of a cube having sides each one metre in length. Symbol: ㎥.


amp

amp (countable and uncountable, plural amps)

(colloquial, countable) Short for ampere.

(colloquial, countable) Short for amplifier.

The physician had included a note which said: "Dear Miss ........, I could not get the name of your friend over the phone so I am sending two prescriptions for Methedrine amps and one prescription for Drinalfa ten cc vials.

1963, Washington (State). Legislature. Joint Committee on Governmental Cooperation, Report and Recommendations (page 45)

(colloquial, countable) Short for ampoule.

(colloquial, countable) Short for amputee.

(colloquial, uncountable) Short for amphetamine.

(colloquial, uncountable) Short for ampicillin.

(colloquial, countable) Short for ampersand.


International System of Units

(metrology) A standard set of units of measurement for use in scientific literature worldwide. The newest and most widespread version of the metric system.

Beynəlxalq vahidlər sistemi

standard set of basic units of measurement

Sistema internazionale di unità di misura

Sistemul Internațional de Unități (de măsură)


megahertz

megahertz (plural megahertz or megahertzes)

A unit equal to one million cycles per second.


square metre

A floor 4 metres square contains 16 square metres.

As towns continue to grow, replanting vegetation has become a form of urban utopia and green roofs are spreading fast. Last year 1m square metres of plant-covered roofing was built in France, as much as in the US, and 10 times more than in Germany, the pioneer in this field.

2013 May 10, Audrey Garric, “Urban canopies let nature bloom”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 22, page 30:

A standard unit of area, regardless of its shape, equal to the area of a square whose sides are one metre long (that is, an area one meter square) Symbol: m²


carat

From Middle French carat, from Italian carato, from Arabic قِيرَاط (qīrāṭ, “carat, similarly small units such as inches”), from Ancient Greek κεράτιον (kerátion, “hornlet, carob seed”), from κέρας (kéras, “horn”) + -ιον (-ion, diminutive suffix). Doublet of karat and quilate.

quilate

historical Iberian and Latin American contexts

Meronym: grain

A metric unit of mass equal to exactly 200 mg, chiefly used for measuring precious stones and pearls.

(historical) Any of several small units of mass used for measuring precious stones and pearls, equivalent to 189–212 mg.


quintal

Late Middle English, from Anglo-Norman quintal, from Middle French quintal, from Old French and Medieval Latin quintale and quintallus (“various medieval hundredweights”), from Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār, “100 rottols”), from Classical Syriac ܩܰܢܛܺܝܪܳܐ (qanṭīrā) and ܩܰܢܛܺܝܢܳܪܳܐ (qanṭīnārā), from Byzantine Greek κεντηνάριον (kentēnárion), from Latin centēnārium (“100 Roman pounds”), from the neuter of centēnārius (“having 100 things”). Use for various non-English units, borrowed from French quintal, Spanish quintal, Portuguese quintal, etc. The apparent relation to quint- (“five, fivefold”) and -al (forming adjectives) is accidental, although it possibly influenced the eventual spelling of the term. Doublet of centenary and kantar.

In one import license alone, the merchant in question was instructed to bring in 13,000 quintals of alum, which, snapped up by industries in England and the Low Countries, would yield the king a cool £8,666 13s 4d.

2011, Thomas Penn, Winter King, Penguin, published 2012, page 204:

(historical) Synonym of hundredweight, 100 or 112 English or American pounds.


nanometre

We live our lives in three dimensions for our threescore and ten allotted years. Yet every branch of contemporary science, from statistics to cosmology, alludes to processes that operate on scales outside of human experience: the millisecond and the nanometer, the eon and the light-year.

2012 January 20, Robert L. Dorit, “Rereading Darwin”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 2012-11-14, page 23:

An SI subunit of length equal to 10⁻⁹ metres. Symbol: nm


uK

Derived from the similarity between the letter u and the Greek letter µ.


gigajoule

(metrology) An SI unit of energy equal to 10⁹ joules. Symbol: GJ


ug

(Caithness, Scotland) The pectoral fin of a fish.


micrometer

/maɪˈkɹɑmɪtəɹ/

[maɪˈkɹɑmɪɾɚ]

A device used to measure distance very precisely but within a limited range, especially depth, thickness, and diameter.


micrometer

[ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌmiːɾɚ]


megaliter

Alternative spelling of megalitre One million liters.


kiloliter

Alternative spelling of kilolitre One thousand liters.


decalitre

From French décalitre, equivalent to deca- + litre.


mol

(chemistry, physics, dated) Alternative spelling of mole


square centimeter

en-noun

square centimeter (plural square centimeters)

(American spelling) A unit of area equal to that of a square of sides 1 centimeter.


gigahertz

gigahertz (plural gigahertz or gigahertzes)


centigramme

/ˈsɛntɪˌɡɹæm/


kilohertz

kilohertz (plural kilohertz or kilohertzes)

A unit of frequency equal to one thousand cycles per second; one thousand hertz


picometre

(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10⁻¹² metres. Symbol: pm


megawatt

One million (1 000 000) watts, abbreviated as MW.


picoamp

One million millionth (10⁻¹²) of an ampere. Symbol: pA.


milliamp

One thousandth (10⁻³) of an ampere. Symbol: mA.


nanoamp

One thousand millionth (10⁻⁹) of an ampere. Symbol: nA.


nanovolt

electromotive force
electromotive force#English

(metrology) An SI unit of electromotive force equal to 10⁻⁹ volts. Symbol: nV


milliwatt

One thousandth (10⁻³) of a watt, abbreviated as mW.


microwatt

One millionth (10⁻⁶) of a watt, abbreviated as μW.


gigawatt

One thousand million (10⁹) watts, abbreviated as GW.


megajoule

(metrology) An SI unit of energy equal to 10⁶ joules. Symbol: MJ


kiloamp

One thousand ( 10³ ) amperes. Symbol: kA or KA.


mega amp

One million ( 10⁶ ) amperes. Symbol: MA.


gigamp

One thousand million (10⁹) amperes. Symbol: GA.


kilo-amp

One thousand (10³) amperes. Symbol: kA or KA.


tera amp

One million million (10¹²) amperes. Symbol: TA.


nano-amp

electrical current
electrical current#English

(metrology) An SI unit of electrical current equal to 10⁻⁹ amperes. Symbol: nA


giga-volt

One thousand million ( 10⁹ ) volts. Symbol: GV.


kilo-volt

One thousand ( 10³ ) volts. Symbol: kV or KV.


tera-amp

One million million ( 10¹² ) amperes. Symbol: TA.


picojoule

One million millionth ( 10⁻¹² ) of a joule. Symbol: pJ.


nano-volt

electrical potential
electrical potential#English

(metrology) An SI unit of electrical potential equal to 10⁻⁹ volts. Symbol: nV


kilo-watt

One thousand (10³) watts. Symbol: kW or KW.


pico-joule

One million millionth (10⁻¹²) of a joule. Symbol: pJ.


nanojoule

(metrology) An SI unit of work or energy equal to 10⁻⁹ joules. Symbol: nJ


tera-joule

One million million (10¹²) joules. Symbol: TJ.


kilo-joule

One thousand (10³) joules. Symbol: kJ or KJ.


pico-farad

One million millionth (10⁻¹²) of a farad. Symbol: pF.


nano-joule

(metrology) An SI unit of energy, work and heat equal to 10⁻⁹ joules. Symbol: nJ


giga-joule

One thousand million ( 10⁹ ) joules. Symbol: GJ.


millifarad

One thousandth (10⁻³) of a farad. Symbol: mF.


nano-farad

(metrology) An SI unit of electrical capacitance equal to 10⁻⁹ farads. Symbol: nF


giga-ohm

One thousand million (10⁹) ohms. Symbol: GΩ.


tera-ohm

One million million (10¹²) ohms. Symbol: TΩ.


picofarad

pikofarad

one million millionth (10E-12) of a farad


millijoule

One thousandth (10⁻³) of a joule. Symbol: mJ.


pico-ohm

One million millionth ( 10⁻¹² ) of a ohm. Symbol: pΩ.


nano-ohm

electrical resistance
electrical resistance#English

(metrology) An SI unit of electrical resistance equal to 10⁻⁹ ohms. Symbol: nΩ


nanofarad

(rare) (metrology) An SI unit of electrical capacitance equal to 10⁻⁹ farads. Symbol: nF


terajoule

(metrology) An SI unit of energy equal to 10¹² joules. Symbol: TJ


kilojoule

(metrology) An SI unit of energy equal to 10³ joules. Symbol: kJ


petameter

(US) (metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10¹⁵ meters; alternative spelling of petametre.


petawatt

(metrology) An SI unit of power equal to 10¹⁵ watts. Symbol: PW


megaohm

(metrology) An SI unit of resistance equal to 10⁶ ohms. Symbol: MΩ


megalitre

A unit of volume equivalent to 1,000,000 litres. Symbol: Ml or ML


gigalitre

A unit of volume equivalent to 10⁹ litres (one billion [British billion] liters). Symbol: Gl


hectoliter

From French hectolitre, equivalent to hecto- + liter.


kilolitre

A unit of volume equivalent to 1000 litres, and equal to one cubic metre. Symbol: kl


hectolitre

A unit of volume or capacity equivalent to 100 litres. Symbol: hL


attometre

(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10⁻¹⁸ metres. Symbol: am


zettametre

The largest known galaxy, at the centre of the Abell 2029 cluster in Virgo, has a diameter of around 53 zettametres.

1994, New Scientist - Volume 144, Issues 1951-1958, page 81:

As one of my reviewers (SP Gray) puts it: '...I think that Andromeda will be a good deal closer to the Solar System than it is now, before we read of its distance in zettametres'

2015 August, Keith Atkin, “Time to ditch non-SI units in physics teaching?”, in Physics Education, volume 50, number 5:

How many kiloparsecs are there in a zettametre (10²¹ m)?

2018, Margreth Tadie, Robert Pott, Neill Goosen, Petrie Van Wyk, Karin Elizabeth Wolff, “Expanding 1st year problem-solving skills through unit conversions and estimations”, in IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON):


yoctometre

(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10⁻²⁴ metres. Symbol: ym


picometer

(US) (metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10⁻¹² meters; alternative spelling of picometre.


terametre

(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10¹² metres. Symbol: Tm


nanoampere

An SI unit of electrical current equal to 10⁻⁹ amperes. Symbol: nA


zettameter

On the other extreme, our galaxy (we call it the Milky Way) is about 0.9 Zm (Zettameters, 100 million trillion meters) in diameter.

2015, Claude Phipps, No Wonder You Wonder!: Great Inventions and Scientific Mysteries, →ISBN:

What is the speed of light in Zm (zettameters) per second?

2016, Richard N. Aufmann, Joanne Lockwood, Richard D. Nation, Mathematical Excursions, →ISBN, page 364:

The size scale for the nuclear chemistry laboratory ranges from zeptometers (10⁻²¹ m) to zettameters (10²¹ m).

2017, Walter D. Loveland, David J. Morrissey, Glenn T. Seaborg, Modern Nuclear Chemistry, →ISBN, page 2:


picoampere

(metrology) An SI unit of current equal to 10⁻¹² amperes. Symbol: pA


centiampere

electric current
electric current#English

(metrology) An SI unit of electric current equal to 10⁻² amperes. Symbol: cA


femtoampere

A billionth of a millionth (10⁻¹⁵) of an ampere. Symbol: fA


deciampere

(metrology) An SI unit of electrical current equal to 10⁻¹ amperes. Symbol: dA


yoctoampere

However, in the IGZO-FET, heavy holes strongly suppress tunneling current, and at most yoctoampere off-state current is estimated which is dominated by thermally excited holes.

2012, Masakazu Murakami, Kiyoshi Kato, Ko Inada, Takanori Matsuzaki, Yasuyuki Takahashi, Shunpei Yamazaki, “Theoretical examination on a significantly low off-state current of a transistor using crystalline In-Ga-Zn-oxide”, in 19th International Workshop on Active-Matrix Flatpanel Displays and Devices (AM-FPD):

First, they are known to show an off-state current on the order of yoctoampere per micron (10⁻²⁴ A/µm) at room temperature (RT).

2016, Yoshinobu Asami, Motomu Kurata, Yutaka Okazaki, Eiji Higa, Daisuke Matsubayashi, Satoru Okamoto, Shinya Sasagawa, Tomoaki Moriwaka, Tetsuya Kakehata, Yuto Yakubo, “Properties of c-axis-aligned crystalline indium–gallium–zinc oxide field-effect transistors fabricated through a tapered-trench gate process”, in The Japan Society of Applied Physics, volume 55, number 4S:

For example, the off-state current per micrometer of the channel width at 85° C. is less than or equal to 100 yA (1 yA (yoctoampere) is 1×10⁻²⁴ A).

2018, Jun Koyama, Semiconductor device including refresh circuit for memory cell (UA Patent 9,922,692):

(metrology) An SI unit of electrical current equal to 10⁻²⁴ amperes. Symbol: yA


decagramme

(British spelling) Alternative spelling of decagram


deciamp

(metrology) An SI unit of electrical current equal to 10⁻¹ amps. Symbol: d


hectoamp

(metrology) An SI unit of electrical current equal to 10² amps. Symbol: h


hectoampere

(metrology) An SI unit of electrical current equal to 10² amperes. Symbol: hA


kilogray

ionizing radiation
ionizing radiation#English

(metrology) An SI unit of absorbed energy from ionizing radiation equal to 10³ grays. Symbol: k


millier

From French millier (“a thousand, a 1000ish, 1000 kg”), from mille (“thousand”) + -ier (“-er”).

bor

(archaic, rare) Synonym of metric ton, 1000 kg.


nanomole

(metrology) An SI unit of amount of substance equal to 10⁻⁹ moles. Symbol: nmol


attoampere

(metrology) An SI unit of electric current equal to 10⁻¹⁸ amperes. Symbol: aA


petahertz

(metrology) An SI unit of frequency equal to 10¹⁵ hertz.


zettahertz

(metrology) An SI unit of frequency equal to 10²¹ hertz.


exanewton

(metrology) An SI unit of force equal to 10¹⁸ newtons.


microtesla

magnetic flux density
magnetic flux density#English

(metrology) An SI unit of magnetic flux density equal to 10⁻⁶ teslas. Symbol: μT


attohertz

(metrology) An SI unit of frequency equal to 10⁻¹⁸ hertz.


picosiemens

(metrology) An SI unit of electrical conductance equal to 10⁻¹² siemens.


hectobecquerel

(metrology) An SI unit of radiation equal to 10² becquerels. Symbol: h


petabecquerel

(metrology) An SI unit of radioactivity equal to 10¹⁵ becquerels. Symbol: P


exakatal

catalytic activity
catalytic activity#English

(metrology) An SI unit of catalytic activity equal to 10¹⁸ katals. Symbol: E


gigakatal

(metrology) An SI unit of catalytic activity equal to 10⁹ katals. Symbol: G


decikatal

(metrology) An SI unit of catalytic activity equal to 10⁻¹ katals. Symbol: d


decakatal

(metrology) An SI unit of catalytic activity equal to 10¹ katals. Symbol: da


hectokatal

(metrology) An SI unit of catalytic activity equal to 10² katals. Symbol: h


centikatal

(metrology) An SI unit of catalytic activity equal to 10⁻² katals. Symbol: c


kilokatal

(metrology) An SI unit of catalytic activity equal to 10³ katals. Symbol: k


picokatal

(metrology) An SI unit of catalytic activity equal to 10⁻¹² katals. Symbol: p


attokatal

(metrology) An SI unit of catalytic activity equal to 10⁻¹⁸ katals. Symbol: a


microkatal

(metrology) An SI unit of catalytic activity equal to 10⁻⁶ katals. Symbol: μ


femtokatal

(metrology) An SI unit of catalytic activity equal to 10⁻¹⁵ katals. Symbol: f


nanokatal

(metrology) An SI unit of catalytic activity equal to 10⁻⁹ katals. Symbol: n


millikatal

(metrology) An SI unit of catalytic activity equal to 10⁻³ katals. Symbol: m


microkelvin

thermodynamic temperature
thermodynamic temperature#English

(metrology) An SI unit of thermodynamic temperature equal to 10⁻⁶ kelvins. Symbol: μK


yoctokatal

(metrology) An SI unit of catalytic activity equal to 10⁻²⁴ katals. Symbol: y


megapascal

(metrology) An SI unit of pressure equal to 10⁶ pascals. Symbol: MPa


hectopascal

(metrology) An SI unit of pressure equal to 10² pascals. Symbol: hPa


femtocoulomb

(metrology) An SI unit of electric charge equal to 10⁻¹⁵ coulombs. Symbol: f


femtobecquerel

radioactive activity
radioactive activity#English

(metrology) An SI unit of radioactive activity equal to 10⁻¹⁵ becquerels. Symbol: f


femtofarad

electrical capacitance
electrical capacitance#English

(metrology) An SI unit of electrical capacitance equal to 10⁻¹⁵ farads. Symbol: fF


femtojoule

energy, work, and heat
energy, work, and heat#English

(metrology) An SI unit of energy, work, and heat equal to 10⁻¹⁵ joules. Symbol: fJ


femtobel

(metrology) An SI unit of relative power equal to 10⁻¹⁵ bels. Symbol: f


femtocandela

luminous intensity
luminous intensity#English

(metrology) An SI unit of luminous intensity equal to 10⁻¹⁵ candelas. Symbol: fcd


megahenry

(metrology) An SI unit of electrical inductance equal to 10⁶ henrys. Symbol: M


teralumen

(metrology) An SI unit of luminous flux equal to 10¹² lumens. Symbol: T


zeptoliter

(metrology) An SI unit of volume equal to 10⁻²¹ liters. Symbol: z


fmole

(chemistry) (metrology) Symbol for femtomole, an SI unit of amount of substance equal to 10⁻¹⁵ moles.


kiloparsec

(astronomy) A unit of distance equal to one thousand parsecs.


piconewton

(metrology) An SI unit of force equal to 10⁻¹² newtons. Symbol: pN


attolitre

(metrology) An SI unit of fluid measure equal to 10⁻¹⁸ litres; alternative spelling of attoliter.


attoliter

(US) (metrology) An SI unit of fluid measure equal to 10⁻¹⁸ liters; alternative spelling of attolitre.


petajoule

(metrology) An SI unit of energy equal to 10¹⁵ joules. Symbol: PJ


micromole

(metrology) An SI unit of amount of substance equal to 10⁻⁶ moles. Symbol: μmol


yoctoliter

(metrology) An SI unit of volume equal to 10⁻²⁴ liters. Symbol: y


yoctolitre

(metrology) An SI unit of volume equal to 10⁻²⁴ litres. Symbol: y


attojoule

(metrology) An SI unit of energy, work, and heat equal to 10⁻¹⁸ joules. Symbol: aJ


gigaparsec

(astronomy) An astronomical unit of distance equal to 10⁹ parsecs.


megaparsec

(astronomy) An astronomical unit of distance equal to 1 million parsecs.


attowatt

(metrology) An SI unit of power equal to 10⁻¹⁸ watts. Symbol: aW


petakelvin

(metrology) An SI unit of temperature equal to 10¹⁵ kelvins. Symbol: PK


gigaampere

(metrology) An SI unit of current equal to 10⁹ amperes. Symbol: GA


kilomole

(metrology) An SI unit of amount of substance equal to 10³ moles. Symbol: kmol


kilokelvin

(metrology) An SI unit of temperature equal to 10³ kelvins. Symbol: kK


teraampere

(metrology) An SI unit of current equal to 10¹² amperes. Symbol: TA


zettaampere

An SI unit measure of electrical current, equivalent to 10²¹ amperes (a sextillion amperes). 'ZA' is the SI unit symbol for the zettaampere.

zetta-ampère

SI unit of electrical current equal to 1021 amperes


centimole

amount of substance
amount of substance#English

(metrology) An SI unit of amount of substance equal to 10⁻² moles. Symbol: cmol


zeptojoule

When a bundle with a drag coefficient of 200 nN · sec · m⁻¹ (Howard and Hudspeth, 1988) produced a 25 nm, triangle-wave twitch 5 msec in total duration (Fig. 12A), the energy dissipated against viscous drag was ~100 zJ (a zeptojoule is 10⁻²¹ J).

1996 September 15, Michael E. Benser, Robert E. Marquis, A. J. Hudspeth, “Rapid, Active Hair Bundle Movements in Hair Cells from the Bullfrog's Sacculus”, in The Journal of Neuroscience, 16(18), p. 5638:

The associated work is
W = 38.5 nm² × (10⁻⁹m/nm)² 35 pN/μm
(10⁻¹² N/pN) (μm/10⁻⁶ m) = 1.35 × 10⁻²¹ J
or about one zeptojoule.

2012, Christopher R. Jacobs, Hayden Huang, Ronald Y. Kwon, Introduction to Cell Mechanics and Mechanobiology, page 327:

However, with zeptojoule scale switching energies and novel functionality, the BiSFET could add a substantial amount of road!

2015, Tsu-Jae King Liu, Kelin Kuhn, CMOS and Beyond, page 204:

(metrology) An SI unit of energy equal to 10⁻²¹ joules. Symbol: zJ


yoctomole

A low cost, 0.75-mW helium neon laser, operating in the green region at 534.5 nm, is used to excite fluorescence from tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate-labelled DNA fragments that have been separated by capillary gel electrophoresis.The detection limit (3σ) for the dye is 500 ymol [1 yoctomole (1 ymol) = 10⁻²⁴ mol] or 300 analyte molecules in capillary zone electrophoresis

1991, Da Yong Chen et al., “Low-cost, high-sensitivity laser-induced fluorescence detection for DNA sequencing by capillary gel electrophoresis”, in Journal of Chromatography, volume 559, →DOI, page 237:

(metrology) An SI unit of amount of substance equal to 10⁻²⁴ moles. Symbol: ymol. The yoctomole is approximately 0.6 of an individual particle.


gigacandela

An SI unit of measurement equivalent to one billion (10⁹) candelas, abbreviated as Gcd.


megacandela

Under clear sky conditions the luminance of the sun itself is around 1650 Mcd/m² (megacandela/m²)[.]

1980, S. V. Szokolay, Environmental science handbook for architects and builders, page 99:

Searchlights utilized in helicopter operations range in size from a 450-watt, 0.4 megacandela unit using a type PAR-46 incandescent lamp (see Fig 20-3) up to a 30-kilowatt, xenon-lamped unit[.]

1987, John E. Kaufman, Jack F. Christensen, IES Lighting Handbook: Application volume, →ISBN:

The light-emitting capacity of an LED is measured in megacandela [recte millicandelas] or mcd. Small commercial LEDs range from 10 to about 5000 mcd.

2012, Julio Sanchez, Maria P. Canton, Embedded Systems Circuits and Programming, →ISBN, page 12:

(metrology) An SI unit of luminous intensity equal to 10⁶ candelas. Symbol: Mcd


exajoule

(metrology) An SI unit of energy equal to 10¹⁸ joules. Symbol: EJ


zeptomole

/ˈzɛptəʊˌməʊl/

It has been repeatedly shown that enzyme-derived ODN-based assays can detect as little as 50 zeptomoles of target DNA corresponding to about 25,000 molecules.

2002, Jeffrey Van Ness, “Present and Future of Tags and Labels in High Throughput Genomic Analysis”, in D. J. Galas, S. J. McCormack, editors, Genomic Technologies: Present and Future: Functional Genomics Series, Caister Academic Press, →ISBN, pages 144–145:

The sensitivity of detection is in the range of zeptomoles […]

2005, Beatriz Sanchez-Vega, “Introduction to Capillary Electrophoresis of DNA: Biomedical Applications”, in John M. Walker, Ralph Rapley, editors, Medical Biomethods Handbook, Humana Press, →ISBN, page 109:

This scatter-based method enables detection of zeptomole quantities of nucleic acid targets […]

2008, Kewal K. Jain, The Handbook of Nanomedicine, Humana Press, →ISBN, page 88:

(physical chemistry) 10⁻²¹ mole, or about 600 molecules. SI symbol: zmol.


kilocandela

(metrology) An SI unit of luminous intensity equal to 10³ candelas. Symbol: kcd


decaampere

(metrology) An SI unit of current equal to 10¹ amperes. Symbol: daA


giganewton

For example, the as-received 203-micrometer (7.98-mil) fibers had an average tensile strength of 3.59 giganewtons per square meter (521 ksi) with a coefficient of variation of 23.5 percent.

1976, Robert J. Smith, Changes in boron fiber strength due to surface removal by chemical etching, NASA:

The following values have been calculated for femurs, in units of square metres per giganewton, where 1 giganewton = 10⁹ newtons, and with body mass given in tonnes, where 1 tonne = 10³ kilograms.

1997, Michael J. Sewell, Mathematics Masterclasses: Stretching the Imagination, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 172:

If the fibres are all aligned in one direction, it is quite easy to achieve a modulus of 50 GN/m² and a tensile strength of 600 MN/m², although the shear modulus is at best only a few giganewtons per square metre.

1998 August 3, P. C. Powell, A. J. Ingen Housz, Engineering with Polymers, 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 9:

what does a giganewton do to an asteroid in the order of magnitude say 1/100 of a planet (otherwise it would have no impact at the planet).

2002 January 21, Walter Meissl, “Re: More Venus Terraforming Ideas”, in sci.space.science (Usenet), message-ID <a2hkig$k0b$1@news.tuwien.ac.at>:

Modulus of elasticity is given in units of force per unit area, typically giganewtons per square meter (GN/m²), or gigapascals (GPa).

2003 June 30, Kenneth J. Anusavice, Phillips' Science of Dental Materials, Elsevier Health Sciences, →ISBN, page 82:

I found "Electrostatic Levitation" <[…]> inspiring. However, under standard sunheat and ionization, the +.1 C/kg (It should be positive, not negative, as of course the sun boils electrons off the ground and air making them positive.) fee would strain a Static Shock-sizely pad with at least a giganewton.

2005 December 31, Autymn D. C., “Scientists and Engineers: Make a beginner's flying saucer, better than the Avrocar or Lifter”, in sci.physics (Usenet), message-ID <1136050698.560388.57590@g14g2000cwa.googlegroups.com>:

(metrology) An SI unit of force equal to 10⁹ newtons. Symbol: GN


nanokelvin

(metrology) An SI unit of thermodynamic temperature equal to 10⁻⁹ kelvins. Symbol: nK


teraparsec

(astronomy) An astronomical unit of distance equal to 10¹² parsecs.


newton metre

A standard unit of torque or (rarely) energy, symbol N m or N·m.


micromicrogram

From micromicro- + gram, equivalent to micro- + microgram.


cubic decimeter

en-noun

cubic decimeter (plural cubic decimeters)


cubic decimetre

cubic decimetre (plural cubic decimetres)

A unit of volume equal to that of a cube having sides each one decimetre in length, equal to 10⁻³ cubic metres and 1 litre. Commonly used in fluid measure and for engine sizes.


petaparsec

(astronomy) An astronomical unit of distance equal to 10¹⁵ parsecs.


μmeter

There is a simple ridge on the leaf of the bean plant, Phaseolus vulgaris, ideally 0.5 μmeters high, which acts as a sensor for the pathogen.

2003, Francisco A. Macias, Juan C.G. Galindo, Jose M. G. Molinillo, Allelopathy: Chemistry and Mode of Action of Allelochemicals:

This is the principle of "activated"electrodes [4], in which a support made of an inert inexpensive material is coated with a thin layer (a few μ'''meters of an active generally more expensive compound that is not available anyway in massive form.

2017, Andrzej Wieckowski, Interfacial Electrochemistry: Theory: Experiment, and Applications, page 61:

Tiny ion-selective microelectrode with tip around a μmeter vibrates within seconds in the vicinity of a cell or plant tissue and measures ion concentrations.

2018, Vadim Volkov, Mary J. Beilby, Salinity Tolerance in Plants: Mechanisms and Regulation of Ion Transport, page 61:

In relation to filter sizing particles are measured in 10-⁶ m = μmeter (μm) = microns.

2019, Erik Trostmann, Water Hydraulics Control Technology:

Spatial sub μmeter resolution in combination with SPR or optical microscopy.

2022, Qiang Wei, Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam, Liming Bian, Cell Mechanoresponse at Cell-Material Interface, page 87:


μsecond

In the 625-line system the line banking period is 12 μ'''seconds, so that the active line time is 52 μseconds.

1991, Jim Slater, Modern Television Systems, page 116:

The transmitter was designed as a linear amplifier with a bandwidth of 5 MHz, allowing (in principle) pulse lengths down to about 30 m, although the final pulse width chosen was about 0.1 to 1 μ'''second.

2016, Wayne K. Hocking, Jürgen Röttger, Robert D. Palmer, Toru Sato, Phillip B. Chilson, Atmospheric Radar: Application and Science of MST Radars in the Earth's Mesosphere, Stratosphere, Troposphere, and Weakly Ionized Regions, page 344:

Electrophysiological techniques of two-electrode voltage clamp or patch clamp measure ion currents across membrane of plant cells (protoplasts for patch clamp) under determined applied voltage via the membrane and provide current-voltage curves with resolution up to pA and μseconds (Figures 4 and 5).


yottaparsec

(astronomy) An astronomical unit of distance equal to 10²⁴ parsecs.


ronnagram

The Earth weighs about six ronnagrams.

The arrival of the new prefixes means the Earth can now be said to weigh six ronnagrams, and Jupiter about two quettagrams.

2022 November 18, Ian Sample, “Earth weighs in at six ronnagrams as new prefixes picked for big and small”, in The Guardian:

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10²⁷ grams. Symbol: Rg


ronnametre

The observable universe is about one ronnametre in diameter.

(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10²⁷ metres. Symbol: Rm


rontosecond

(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10⁻²⁷ seconds. Symbol: rs


quectosecond

Within SI there is the zeptosecond: 1 zs = 0.001 as = 10⁻²¹ s, and the yoctosecond: 1 ys = 0.001 zs = 10⁻²⁴ s. The CIPM has prepared draft resolutions submitted to and to be voted on by the CGPM in 2022–11, one of which involves four additional scaling prefixes to SI, two of which are relevant to the question. These prefixes will not be official unless and until approved by the CGPM, so there is a small risk that I am jumping the gun: the rontosecond: 1 rs = 0.001 ys = 10⁻²⁷ s; the quectosecond: 1 qs = 0.001 rs = 10⁻³⁰ s.

2022 March 19, Howard Ludwig, “Is there a unit of time smaller than an attosecond?”, in quora.com:

quectosecond rontosecond plank time zeptosecond

2023 February 24, eladl, “What is smaller than a yoctosecond?”, in math.answers.com:

You may be interested to take a look at one of the earlier uses of those two new designations, Rontosecond and Quectosecond, officially cited as such from your meetings from 15-18 November 2022 in Paris, of the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) of your International Commission of Weights and Measures (BIPM) whereby you all adopted Resolution 3 making it a globally acceptable name for the range 10−30 to 10−32 of the infinitesimal scale of time.

2023 May 20, Bruce, “The Work of the Bureau International Poids et Mesures (BIPM)”, in https://81018.com:

(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10⁻³⁰ seconds. Symbol: qs


ronnameter

The observable universe is about one ronnameter in diameter.

An electron’s mass is about one rontogram, Jupiter weighs two quettagrams and the diameter of the observable universe is one ronnameter.

2022 November 23, Katrina Krämer, “SI units get new prefixes for huge and tiny numbers”, in Chemistry World:


ronnasecond

(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10²⁷ seconds. Symbol: Rs


exaparsec

(astronomy) An astronomical unit of distance equal to 10¹⁸ parsecs.


zettaparsec

(astronomy) An astronomical unit of distance equal to 10²¹ parsecs.


quettaparsec

(astronomy) An astronomical unit of distance equal to 10³⁰ parsecs.


ronnaparsec

(astronomy) An astronomical unit of distance equal to 10²⁷ parsecs.


quettagram

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10³⁰ grams. Symbol: Qg


quectogram

The arrival of the new prefixes means the Earth can now be said to weigh six ronnagrams, and Jupiter about two quettagrams. An electron weighs about a rontogram, and a single bit of data stored on a mobile phone adds about 10 quectograms to its mass.

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10⁻³⁰ grams. Symbol: qg


rontogram

(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10⁻²⁷ grams. Symbol: rg


quettametre

(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10³⁰ meters. Symbol: Qm


quettameter

We welcome ronnagrams and quettameters into the likes of kilograms and millimeters.

2022 November 20, Agence France-Presse, “Say hello to quettameters: Scientists decide on new metric prefixes”, in Daily Sabah: