sixteen

From Middle English sextene, sixtene, from Old English sixtīene, from Proto-Germanic *sehstehun. Cognate with West Frisian sechstjin, Dutch zestien, German sechzehn, Danish seksten. Equivalent to six + -teen.

Venters began to count them—one—two—three—four—on up to sixteen.

1912 January, Zane Grey, chapter 8, in Riders of the Purple Sage […], New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC:

The cardinal number occurring after fifteen and before seventeen, represented in Arabic numerals as 16 and in Roman numerals as XVI.

ዓሰርተ ሽድሽተ

ʿasärtä šədšətä


sixteenth

From Old English sixtēoþa, equivalent to sixteen + -th.

[…] a pair of pauldrons with the light horizontal bar which in later years developed into the high neckguard of the sixteenth century; numbers of gauntlets, visors of helmets, and other pieces, the handling of which is a sheer joy […]

sestiende

the ordinal form of the number sixteen — see also 16th


hexadecimal

en-noun

hexadecimal (countable and uncountable, plural hexadecimals)

1952. hexadeca- + decimal; see the Wikipedia article for more information.

(arithmetic, computing, uncountable) A number system with base sixteen, using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E and F, most used in computing as a hexadecimal digit can represent four bits, half a standard byte, and thus a single byte can be represented conveniently with two digits.


hex

(computing, informal) Clipping of hexadecimal.


sweet sixteen

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Sweet Sixteen

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Sweet Sixteen.wav

The new coach has just led the Nimrods to their first Sweet Sixteen.

(basketball, US, informal) An appearance in the Sweet Sixteen.


syntagma

syntagma (plural syntagmata or syntagmas)

From Late Latin syntagma, from Ancient Greek σύνταγμα (súntagma, “orderly arrangement”), from συντάσσω (suntássō, “arrange together”, “to order”).

uder

The men forming the syntagma were arranged in a square of sixteen files of sixteen.

(history) A Macedonian phalanx fighting formation consisting of 256 men with long spears (sarissae).


supplementary character
supplementary character

(computing) Unicode Transformation Format-16; a Unicode encoding scheme which uses two-byte (16-bit) code units (singly for characters in plane 0, and in four-byte [32-bit] surrogate pairs for supplementary characters in planes 1 through 16).


decimosexto

/ˌdɛsɪməʊˈsɛkstəʊ/

a book consisting of sheets, each of which is folded into sixteen leaves


sextodecimo

From Latin ablative of sextusdecimus (“sixteenth”).

(printing) A book consisting of pages of that size.


yan-a-bumfit

From Brythonic numerals. Literally yan a (and) bumfit.

(Cumbria) Sixteen in Cumbrian sheep counting.


sixteenmo

sextodecimo (as a paper size in printing).


sixteenthly

In the sixteenth place; sixteenth in a row.


(computing) Abbreviation of Microsoft Windows 16-bit.


hexadecimally

Your computer has 65535 I/O port addresses (numbered hexadecimally), but uses only a relative few of them.

2004, Mark Edward Soper, Absolute Beginner's Guide to A+ Certification:

If flags refer to the same bit position, they are added hexadecimally.

2004, Jan de Clercq, Windows Server 2003 security infrastructures:


file allocation table
file allocation table

(computing) The version of the FAT series of file systems which uses a 16-bit file allocation table.

(very strictly) The original version of this file system, storing both the number of (real or virtual) disk sectors and the number of sector clusters in a volume as 16-bit integers.


sixteenish

(informal) Of about sixteen years of age.


last sixteen

The young Northern Ireland player now meets Ryan Day for a place in the last sixteen of the ranking tournament.

2008 February 12, “Allen edges through in Welsh Open”, in BBC Sport:

(sports) The round in a knockout competition before the quarterfinal, in which sixteen teams or competitors remain.


sedecuple

First attested in 1744–1749; from the Latin sēdecuplus (“sixteenfold”); compare decuple.

If for duple we had ſubſtituted triple, quadruple, quintuple, &c. the action would have come out noncuple, ſedecuple, 25ple.

1744–9, Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz [aut.] and James Jurin [tr.], “Commercium Literarum” (1696) in Philoſophical Tranſactions of the Royal Society X (1756), page 184

(rare) Sixteenfold.
Sixteen times as great or as numerous.

As an example, let us take a ratio which is two-thirds of a quadruple. Since 2 is the numerator, we shall have one-third of a quadruple ratio squared, namely a sedecuple ratio.

1965, Edward Grant [translator], “Algorismus proportionum”, in Isis, volume LVI, translation of original by Nicole Oresme, Part I, page 333:

(rare) Sixteenfold.
(of a ratio) Sixteen-to-one.

Gozzini and Iannuzzi (1960) proposed the use of sixteen microwave spectrometer systems connected in parallel and fed by the same source. It is interesting to note that this sedecuple arrangement did not burgeon forth from an opulent American laboratory.

1967, Charles P. Poole, Electron Spin Resonance, page 544:

(rare) Sixteenfold.
Comprising sixteen repeated elements.


sedecuple

en-verb

sedecuple (third-person singular simple present sedecuples, present participle sedecupling, simple past and past participle sedecupled)

sedecuples (present singular third-person)
sedecupling (participle present)
sedecupled (participle past)
sedecupled (past)

(rare, transitive or intransitive) To increase by a factor of sixteen.


sixteenth note

(music) A note that has 1/16 the value of a whole note.


sixteenpenny nail

en-noun

sixteenpenny nail (plural sixteenpenny nails)

(dated) A relatively large nail, three and one-half inches (9 centimeters) in length.


sedecimarticulate

Mycetophila. Meig. Antennæ porrect, cylindrical, sedecimarticulate.

1856, William Clark, transl., Handbook of Zoology, volume 1, London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts, translation of original by Jan van der Hoeven, page 342:


16mo (usually uncountable, plural 16mos)


sedenion

Blend of Latin sēdecim (“sixteen”) + quaternion.

blend

According to the logic of doubling the dimensions on which Cayley–Dickson algebra is built, after quaternions the so-called 8D octonions (#x5C;mathbbO—Octonions) can be obtained, followed by 16D sedenions, 32D pathions, 64D chingons, 128D routons, and 256D voudons.

2022, Zlatka Valkova-Jarvis, Vladimir Poulkov, Viktor Stoynov, Dimitriya Mihaylova, Georgi Iliev, “A Method for the Design of Bicomplex Orthogonal DSP Algorithms for Applications in Intelligent Radio Access Networks”, in Symmetry, volume 14, number 3, MDPI AG, →DOI, →ISSN:

There is no theoretical limit to multispace dimensional numbering as there are definitions for octonion (8D), sedenion (16D), pathion (32D), chingon (64D), routon (128D), and voudon (256D) numbered space.

2023, Melanie Swan, Renato P. dos Santos, “Quantum Intelligence: Responsible Human-AI Entities”, in AAAI 2023 Spring Symposia, Socially Responsible AI for Wellbeing, March 27–29, 2023, USA, CEUR Workshop Proceedings, →DOI:

(mathematics) A 16-dimensional nonalternative extension of an octonion with one real part and 15 imaginary parts, each a real multiple of a distinct, independent square root of −1.

十六元數

nonassociative, nonalternative extension of an octonion


syntagmatarchy

First attested in 1670–1 and then once per century since; from the Latin syntagmatarchia, from the Ancient Greek συνταγματαρχία (suntagmatarkhía), from σύνταγμα (súntagma), whence the English syntagma.

uder

συνταγματαρχία

Two Taxiarchies, which were ſixteen Files, made a Syntagmatarchy of two hundred fifty ſix men; its Commander Syntagmatarcha was our private Captain. This Company was a ſquare of men, ſixteen in Rank and ſixteen in File, and whatever way you turn’d it, ſtill ſixteen. […¶] Two Syntagmatarchies compos’d a Pentecoſiarchy conſiſting of five hundred and twelve men[.…] By this account we find in every Phalange two Diphalangarchies, four Phalangarchies, eight Myriarchies, ſixteen Chiliarchies, two and thirty Pentecoſiarchies, ſixty four Syntagmatarchies; in all one thouſand twenty four Files, which conſiſted of ſixteen thouſand three hundred eighty four men, at ſixteen in every File. [¶] Here you are to obſerve, that every Syntagmatarchy or private Company, conſiſting of two hundred fifty ſix men, had beſide the Captain and others already ſpoken of, five other Officers, whom Ælian calls ſupernumerary or extraordinary.

1670–1, Sir James Turner, Pallas Armata (1968), chapter v, page 13

Sixteen of theſe files compoſed what was called a ſyntagmatarchy or a ſquare body of 256 men.

1787, Sketch of a Plan for Reducing the Expence of the Army, page 5:

In the phalanx,…were 64 syntagmatarchies; and it evidently appears that the number of cavalry…assigned to act with the phalanx, was 4096 men; now this number being divided by 64, will exactly furnish a troop consisting of a like number to each syntagmatarchy.

1814, Henry Augustus Visc. Dillon xiii, The Tactics of Ælian, chapter xx, page 94, endnote 2

Two diphalangarchies are a tetraphalangarchy, 1,024 files, 16,384 men, so that in the phalanx as a whole there will be 2 wings, 4 phalangarchies, 8 merarchies, 16 chiliarchies, 32 pentakosiarchies, 64 syntagmatarchies, 128 taxiarchies, 256 tetrarchies, 512 dilochiai, 1,024 files (lochoi).

1989, The Ancient World, XIX-XX, pages 47-48, § 9.10:

(Ancient Greek military history, very rare) A square formation of 256 soldiers arranged into sixteen files, sixteen ranks deep, led by a syntagmatarch; a syntagma.


hexadecile

From hexa- + decile or hexadeca- + -ile.

The assessor can then be asked to successively divide an interval into equally likely segments yielding the octiles (X_(.125), X_(.875)), hexadeciles (X_(.0625), X_(.9375)), etc., etc.

1974, Robert George Gough, Improving the Quality of and Aggregating Opinions Expressed as Subjective Probability Distributions [unpublished Ph.D. dissertation], Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University, →OCLC, page 16:

With each of the above methods, the quartile values are always either one of the data points, or exactly half way between two data points. Those methods involve only simple arithmetic and are easily extendable to octiles (eighths), hexadeciles (sixteenths), etc. They are not, however, extendable to quintiles (fifths) or percentiles (hundredths), etc. Furthermore, they tend to have a high bias. (That is, the quartile values calculated on subsets of the data set tend to vary more, and are not good predictors of the quartile values of the entire data set.)

2002 July 20, “Defining Quartiles”, in Ask Dr. Math, The Math Forum, Goodwin College of Professional Studies, Drexel University, archived from the original on 2015-09-06:

(statistics) Any of the quantiles which divide an ordered sample population into sixteen equally numerous subsets; a subset thus obtained.


hexadecagon

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(geometry) A polygon with sixteen sides and sixteen angles.


hexadecarsenide

(inorganic chemistry) Any arsenide containing sixteen atoms of arsenic per molecule


hexadecahedron

en-noun

hexadecahedron (plural hexadecahedra or hexadecahedrons)

hexadecahedra (plural)
hexadecahedrons (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hexadecahedron.wav

(geometry) A polyhedron with sixteen faces.


sexadecimally

(dated, rare) In a sexadecimal manner; in sixteen parts, or in hexadecimal.


(geometry) Synonym of hexadecagon: A polygon with sixteen sides and sixteen angles.