Cordobes

This was the second American-born Spanish subject who had risen to the rank of Governor in these colonies. Hernando Arias, a Cordobes, was the first. Vertiz was a Mexican.

1919, Thomas Murray, The Story of the Irish in Argentina, New York, NY: P. J. Kennedy & Sons, page xxvi:


Makemakean

a theoretical inhabitant of the dwarf planet Makemake


Lugbara

The Central Sudanic language of these people.


Sprousehart

We also feel the need to put our noses just slightly inside the bounds of your private business and let you know that we wholeheartedly support the Sprousehart relationship (or Bughead on-screen).

2018 March 13, Logan Potter, Shannon Brennan, “An Open Letter To Dylan And Cole Sprouse”, in The Arbiter, Boise State University, page 15:

We're pretty sure bonds like this don't easily break, and whether or not Sprousehart remain a couple, the friendship will stay strong.

2020, C. H. Mitford, Cast of Riverdale: Issue #3, page 60:

It's a sad day for Sprousehart' fans. Everyone's favorite Riverdale couple reportedly broke up last month after about three years together and now we may know why the pair decided to end things.

2020 May 26, Carolyn Twersky, “Why Lili Reinhart and Cole Sprouse Really Broke Up And Why It Prob Won’t Last Too Long”, in Seventeen:

(slang) The couple consisting of celebrities Cole Sprouse and Lili Reinhart.


Zecharia

A male given name from Hebrew, variant of Zechariah


Sharona

der

Hebrew שָׁרוֹנָה


Shakur

Borrowed from Arabic شَكُور (šakūr, “thankful, grateful”). This surname is predominantly found in India.


Greendaler

Someone from any place called Greendale.


Caucasian Albanian

en-noun

Caucasian Albanian (countable and uncountable, plural Caucasian Albanians)

The extinct Northeast Caucasian language once spoken by these people, and from which Udi is descended.


Louey

Alternative form of Louie (“short form of various names”)


Ruslana

A transliteration of the female given name - Russian Русла́на (Ruslána) or Ukrainian Русла́на (Ruslána)

A female given name from Russian or Ukrainian, masculine equivalent Ruslan


Joebama

Blend of Joe + Obama, from the given name of Joe Biden and the surname of Barack Obama.

From your socialist perspective that's probably true.
Keep rampant socialism in CanaDuh and don't vote for Joebama!

2008 August 24, dxAce, “Re: (OT) : Are You One of . . . Smiley's People ?”, in rec.radio.shortwave (Usenet):

“This is a great way to support the hypothetical of Joe Biden for President in 2020 with his running mate — either Michelle Obama or Barack Obama. Joebama for President!” advises JuntoTees, an Indiana company which has offered this motto on assorted items since 2018.

2020 March 3, Jennifer Harper, “Among the Biden prospects: 'JOEBAMA 2020'”, in The Washington Times:

(US politics, informal, often derogatory) The political union of Barack Obama, the 44th president of the United States, and Joe Biden, the 47th vice president of the United States, having served between 2009 and 2017.


Siberian Tatar

The Turkic language spoken in Western Siberia region of Russia.


Robur

Used in the science fiction novel Robur the Conqueror by Jules Verne.
Probably a semantic blend of robur, Robert and Roger (but it has to be checked).


Yamba

A Grassfields language of the northwest region of southern Cameroon, with a small number of speakers in Eastern Nigeria.


Pre-Hlai

The reconstructed language that is the predecessor of Proto-Hlai, and is ancestral to Hlai.


Proto-Hlai

The reconstructed ancestor of the Hlai languages.


rime dictionary

rime dictionary (plural rime dictionaries)

A historical type of Chinese character dictionary that collates characters by rime and tone (pronunciation) rather than by radical. It does not necessarily provide definitions.


Haurani

A person from, or an inhabitant of, the Hauran.


Maggie's den

An allusion to prime minister Margaret Thatcher at 10 Downing Street.

(bingo) A traditional call for the number ten.


Marlo

en-proper noun

Marlo (countable and uncountable, plural Marlos)


Proto-Tocharian

(linguistics) The reconstructed ancestor of the Tocharian languages.


Gaetan

/ɡɑːeɪˈtɑːn/

From French Gaëtan and Gaétan, from Italian Gaetano, from Latin Caiētānus.

A male given name from French, equivalent to English Cajetan.


Proto-Nuristani

The reconstructed ancestor of the Nuristani languages.


Bush 41

(US) George Herbert Walker Bush, the 41st president of the United States, distinguished from his son the 43rd president.


Bush 43

(US) George Walker Bush, the 43rd president of the United States, distinguished from his father the 41st president.


Ndzundza

A tribe of the Ndebele people, native to the Transvaal.


BNO

Hong Kongers are invited to apply for a new British National Overseas (BNO) visa that leads to citizenship.

2021 January 30, “Hong Kongers eye British citizenship but fear retaliation from China”, in The Economist, →ISSN:

British National (Overseas)
w:British National (Overseas)

Initialism of British National (Overseas), a legal status granted by the British government to certain residents of Hong Kong.


Graun

That the Graun's effort is part of a coordinated new offensive in that department is pretty conclusively illustrated by […]

2017, Martin Gitlin, When Is Free Speech Hate Speech?, page 134:

(newspapers, humorous) Clipping of Grauniad (“The Guardian newspaper”).


Judayah

Respelling of Judea, from Latin Iudaea, from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαία (Ioudaía), from Biblical Biblical Hebrew יְהוּדָה (yehudá).

A female given name from Latin, variant of Judea


Hnat

From the East Slavic given name, Ukrainian Гнат (Hnat) or Belarusian Ігнат (Ihnat).

A transliteration of the Ukrainian male given name Гнат (Hnat).


Twa

Any of several pygmy tribes of sub-Saharan Africa, or a member of one of those tribes.


Epaphroditus

From Latin Epaphrodītus, from Ancient Greek Ἐπαφρόδιτος (Epaphróditos), from ἐπι- (epi-) + Ἀφρόδιτος (Aphróditos).

der

Yet I supposed it necessary to send you to Epaphroditus, my brother, and companion in labor, and fellowsoldiar, but your messenger, and he that ministered to my wants.

1611, The Bible: Authorized King James Version with Apocrypha, Robert Carroll, Stephen Prickett, eds., Oxford, 1997

A male given name from Latin or Ancient Greek.


Stonie

diminutive of Stone
A male given name (a nickname)


Planetos

planet + -os, a suffix used in the series in the names of continents, e.g. Westeros, Essos, and Sothoryos.

However, the comet’s presence is not limited to the sky over Drogo’s pyre, and winter is coming to all of Planetos; […]

2016, Patrice A. Loar, "'On the Cusp of Half-Remembered Prophecies': Interpreting Prophecy in George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire", thesis submitted to the University of New Orleans, page 4

We aim to solve this problem by calculating the mass of Drogon from his size, and then estimating the lift that his wings would be able to generate, assuming that gravity on Planetos is the same as on Earth.

2017, J. Edwards, J. Hancock, S. Nayak, “Do We Have Liftoff?”, in Journal of Physics Special Topics:

[…] and Oberyn continues having sexual tension with every human on Planetos.

2019, Kim Renfro, The Unofficial Guide to Game of Thrones, page 116:

(fandom slang) The unnamed fictional planet which serves as the setting for the A Song of Ice and Fire novel series and its television adaptation Game of Thrones.


Winter of Discontent

An allusion to the opening line of William Shakespeare's play Richard III ("Now is the winter of our discontent").

Nor is the government facing a strike by tanker drivers, as was the case in early 1979 during the winter of discontent.

2021 September 23, Larry Elliott, “Petrol disruption will fuel fears of new winter of discontent”, in The Guardian:

(UK politics, historical) A period during 1978–79 in the United Kingdom, when the Labour Party's efforts to control inflation led to widespread strikes by public-sector trade unions demanding larger pay rises.


Shaq

A diminutive of the male given name Shaquille.


Romy

A female given name
Alternative form of Romi


Kandyan

en-adj

Kandyan (comparative more Kandyan, superlative most Kandyan)

more Kandyan (comparative)
most Kandyan (superlative)

It is the ambition of each and every nooser to capture the first elephant; for he to whom falls this honor is considered the hero of the day, and in recognition of his skill and bravery is rewarded by His Excellency the Governor with an elephant book of Kandyan lacquer with brass and silver overlay.

1931, The Literary Digest, volume 108, Funk & Wagnalls, page 37:

Of or relating to the city of Kandy in Sri Lanka.


Kandyan

A native or inhabitant of the city of Kandy in Sri Lanka.


Ostyak

From Russian остя́к (ostják, “Easterner”), from Eastern Khanty Ас ях (As jah, “people of the river Ob”).

der

The Ostiacks blister their skin by a fungus found on Birch-trees; and use the Agaricus officin. for Soap.

1789, Erasmus Darwin, The Loves of the Plants, J. Johnson, page 36:

(now rare) A member of any of several indigenous peoples in Siberia, Russia, including the Khanty people and the Ket people.


Ostyak

(now rare) Any of various languages of these peoples.


Macro-Altaic

A proposed language family that would extend Altaic to include Korean, Jeju, Japanese, and the Ryukyuan languages.


Micro-Altaic

The Altaic language family, as distinguished from Macro-Altaic.


St Kildan

en-adj

St Kildan (comparative more St Kildan, superlative most St Kildan)

more St Kildan (comparative)
most St Kildan (superlative)

Of or relating to the Scottish archipelago of St Kilda.


Neith

(rare) A female given name from Egyptian


Artemii

(very rare) A male given name from Russian, equivalent to English Artemius


Dahalo

From Aweer [Term?] (“stupid, worthless”).


Dahalo

Their endangered Cushitic language, notable for featuring all four airstream mechanisms found in human language.


Basic English

A simplified controlled language based on English and intended for international communication and TESL.


law agent

(Scots law) A solicitor, certified by the Law Society of Scotland.


Breonna

A female given name of African-American usage


Hiddleswift

With those earnings, it's nothing but the best for “Hiddleswift” as they canoodle around the world in a private plane.

2016 July 12, Maria Puente, “For Taylor Swift, it's a cash advance”, in Lawrence Journal-World, page 7B:

Due to work commitments the honeymoon period finally came to an end and Hiddleswift were forced to spend time apart.

2017, Naimi Corsani, Tom Hiddleston - The Biography:

Could this be referring to Hiddleswift's short-lived romance?

2017 November 29, Falin Hakeem, “Taylor Swift cements her bad girl status in 'Reputation'”, in The Oakland Post, Oakland University, page 15:

(slang) The romantic relationship between English actor Tom Hiddleston and American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift (together briefly in 2016).


Angelena

Coordinate term: Angeleno

On long flights, I like to guess who is going home and who is traveling for play or work. This woman is definitely an Angelena. We are approaching our destination and fly over LA for half an hour before landing.

2018, Josefina Beatriz Longoria, Uproot, page 161:

A female native or resident of Los Angeles.


Beirutian

A native or inhabitant of Beirut, Lebanon; a Beiruti.


Marcion

/ˈmɑː(ɹ)ʃən/

/ˈmɑː(ɹ)ʃʌ̈ʊ̯n/

From Late Latin Mārciōn (from Koine Greek Μᾱρκῑ́ων (Mārkī́ōn, diminutive of Ancient Greek Μᾶρκος (Mârkos, from Mārcus (from Mārs + -cus)))), from Old Latin Māvors and Proto-Indo-European *-kos.

der

A diminutive of the male given name Marcus, from Latin or Ancient Greek, variant of Marc or Mark, equivalent to Koine Greek Μᾱρκίων (Mārkíōn) or Latin Mārciōn


Cagliarian

Of or pertaining to Cagliari, Italy; Cagliaritan.


Cagliarian

A native or inhabitant of Cagliari, Italy; a Cagliaritan.


Cagliaritan

From Italian cagliaritano. Equivalent to Cagliari + -an.

A native or inhabitant of Cagliari, Italy.


North American English

Commonwealth English

the variety of English used outside of USA and Canada

United States of America
United States of America

The variety of the English language used in the United States of America and Canada.


Scottishman

“I am much obliged to you, Mr. Thomas,” added Buchanan; “but neither Frenchman nor Spanishman shall dress my wounds when a Scottishman is to be found, for love or money.”

1789, John Moore, Zeluco, Valancourt, published 2008, page 247:

It seems almost unnatural for Scottishmen and English to meet and part without a buffet.


Antwan

Anglicization of French Antoine. Compare Antoine, Antwon.

(US) A male given name from French, equivalent to English Anthony.


Antjuan

Anglicization of French Antoine, influenced by Spanish Juan. Compare Antoine, Antwon.


Peninsular Spanish

Coordinate term: Latin-American Spanish

The standard form of Spanish spoken in the Iberian peninsula.


Trumpolini

Blend of Trump + Mussolini. Referring to Benito Mussolini (1883–1945), Italian politician and the founder of fascism.

“[…] I don't know if you know about Mike Judge's movie Idiocracy, but Idiocracy is the movie Devo should've made—and I think we would've made it better. […] And now with the world the way it is, and this ridiculous unqualified Trumpolini guy, who is anathema to democracy, what we have is beyond Idiocracy.”

2018, Garin Pirnia, Rebels and Underdogs: The Story of Ohio Rock and Roll, Bloomington, IN: Red Lightning Books, →ISBN, page unknown:

(US politics, informal, derogatory, offensive) Donald Trump (born 1946), the 45th president of the United States, regarded as fascist.


Sayhadic

Coined by A.F.L. Beeston from Arabic صَيْهَد (ṣayhad, “Sayhad”) + -ic.

Old South Arabian, a subfamily within Semitic.


Singapore-on-Thames

An allusion to various English towns called (name)-on-Thames, and the economic success of Singapore after its separation from Malaysia. London, the capital of the United Kingdom, is situated on the River Thames.

The idea that London might have a post-Brexit future as a kind of deregulated “Singapore-on-Thames” is one of the more curious notions to have emerged in the three and a half years since the UK’s citizens voted narrowly to leave the EU in the fateful June 2016 referendum.

2019 December 17, Howard Davies, “Will the UK really turn into 'Singapore-on-Thames' after Brexit?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(UK politics, economics) A proposed model for the United Kingdom after Brexit, involving laissez-faire free trade unencumbered by regulation.

en:River Thames
en:Singapore
en:Singapore-on-Thames


Uwa

A Chibchan language spoken by these people.


CofE

Church of England
Church of England#English

Abbreviation of Church of England; also C of E.


Palmyran

en-adj

Palmyran (comparative more Palmyran, superlative most Palmyran)

more Palmyran (comparative)
most Palmyran (superlative)


Late Modern English

Topics discussed in the papers that follow include many that will be familiar to scholars interested in eighteenth and nineteenth-century English, but the reader will find here increasing scope and refinement – a sign, we hope, of a maturing discipline. In this introduction we will sketch the early developments of work on Late Modern English and then preview the fifteen papers included in this volume, highlighting their main results and setting them against the earlier context. / It is probably accurate to say that work on Late Modern English (LModE) only took off in any serious way during the 1990s. There were of course prior studies of eighteenth and nineteenth-century English, but these were relatively thin on the ground compared with the great amounts of work done on the Old, Middle and Early Modern periods.

2009, Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Wim van der Wurff, “Papers from 3LModE: an introduction”, in Maurizio Gotti, Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Wim van der Wurff, editors, Current Issues in Late Modern English, Germany: Peter Lang, →ISBN, 1. The study of Late Modern English: an overview, pages 9, 11:

This book is meant for readers who want to discover how people in the Georgian, Regency and Victorian periods spoke and wrote. Late Modern English (LModE, 1700–1900) is currently receiving a lot of scholarly attention.

2009, Ingried Tieken-Boon van Ostade, An Introduction to Late Modern English, →ISBN, page ix:

At the end of the twentieth century, the Late Modern period still had to be described as ‘the Cinderella of English historical linguistic study’ (Jones 1989: 279). Fortunately, this scenario has changed over the last fifteen years or so. Among other things, the change of emphasis within historical linguistics to socio-historical and corpus-based approaches led to a surge of interest in Late Modern English (roughly the period between 1700 and 1900). In August 2001, the University of Edinburgh hosted the first international conference on Late Modern English (LModE).

2014, Marianne Hundt, “1. Introduction: Late Modern English syntax in its linguistic and socio-historical context”, in Marianne Hundt, editor, Late Modern English Syntax, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 1. Late Modern English syntax: setting the scene, page 1:

It is this strong connection between Late Modern attitudes and contemporary ones which makes the former so relevant for state-of-the-art investigation. […] Indeed, the turn of the twenty-first century has witnessed a tremendous increase in the scholarly attention paid to Late Modern English (or LModE), especially as far as its codification is concerned: over the last twenty years several volumes, articles and book chapters have appeared on this topic […] Interestingly, the two decades in which studies in Late Modern English have expanded have also been the same in which the World Wide Web, invented 25 years ago, has become an ordinary tool for investigation and research.

2015, “Introduction”, in Marina Dossena, editor, Transatlantic Perspectives on Late Modern English, John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, 1. Transatlantic Perspectives on Late Modern English, pages 3–4:

The form of the English language written and spoken in the 18th and 19th centuries.


Lyonese

From French lyonnais. By surface analysis, Lyon + -ese.


Muscati

Of or pertaining to Muscat, Oman; Muscatian.


Muscati

A native or inhabitant of Muscat, Oman; a Muscatian.


Californese

(rare) The dialect of American English spoken in California.


Apamean

Of or pertaining to Apamea in Syria or its region.

apaméen

of or pertaining to Apamea in Syria or its region


Apamean

(historical) A person from, or an inhabitant of, Apamea in Syria or its region.

Apaméen

a person from, or an inhabitant of, Apamea in Syria or its region


Uda

A Lower Cross River language of Nigeria.


Anse

A male given name, diminutive of various names.


Demon

From Ancient Greek δῆμος (dêmos, “ordinary citizens, common people from a district, in a city-state”).

uder

Demon writes that Taurus, the chief captain of Minos, was slain by Theseus at the mouth of the port, in a naval combat as he was sailing out for Athens.

1952, Plutarch, “Theseus”, in Dryden, et. al, transl., The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans (Great Books of the Western World; 14):


Adit

A diminutive of the male given name Aditya, from Sanskrit


Chrisso

A diminutive of the male given names Christopher or Chris.


Paulistano

Paulistanos are infamous workaholics; other Brazilians joke about their obsession with meetings and office politics and all the trappings of business.

2020, N. K. Jemisin, The City We Became, Orbit, page 212:


McChurch

From Mc- + church. Usage dates back to at least the early 1990s.

(slang, derogatory, specifically) A megachurch.


Loz

A diminutive of the male given name Laurence or Lawrence.


Brabanditti

(historical, derogatory) The soldiers of General Edward Brabant, British military commander in colonial South Africa.


Provincetowner

Someone from or residing in Provincetown, Massachusetts, United States.


East Turkistani

en-noun

East Turkistani (plural East Turkistanis)

The East Turkistan Government in Exile and the overwhelming majority of East Turkistanis across our global diaspora commemorated the 30th Anniversary of the Baren Revolution, also known as the Baren Uprising, or the Baren Massacre, which erupted on April 5, 1990 in East Turkistan's Akto County.

2020 April 5, “30th Anniversary of the Baren Revolution”, in The Voice of East Turkistan, volume 1, number 3, page 17:

A native or inhabitant of East Turkistan


East Turkistani

en-adj

East Turkistani (comparative more East Turkistani, superlative most East Turkistani)

more East Turkistani (comparative)
most East Turkistani (superlative)

A history of the Naqshbandiyya in East Turkistan cannot claim to encompass all of East Turkistani social and religious practices; Papas cannot say much about popular Sufi dhikr or ziyārat mazār pilgrimages.

2007 November 20, Nathan Light, “30th Anniversary of the Baren Revolution”, in The Journal of Asian Studies, volume 66, number 4, page 1154:

In 1944, the East Turkistan Republic was again established by Kazakh and Uighur forces. They controlled the north-western Ghulja region from 1944 to 1949. However, the Republic was surrendered to the CCP in September 1949, when one of its political leaders, Burhan, pledged his allegiance to the CCP (Dillon 2010: 377). Shortly after, eight East Turkistani political leaders were to travel to Beijing to negotiate and finalize details over the territory’s position in China.

2012, Anna Hayes, Cultures in Refuge: Seeking Sanctuary in Modern Australia, →ISBN, page https://books.google.com/books?id=WhQpDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT201&lpg=PT201:

Of or pertaining to East Turkistan, its people and culture


asteronym

From Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr, “star”) + -onym.

In this work Mr. Quérard treats of all persons who have written in French, in all parts of Europe, and have disguised themselves under anagrams, asteronyms, cryptonyms, initials, literary names, pseudonyms, facetious or strange, etc.

1871 June, “Anonymous and Pseudonymous Authors and Works”, in The National Quarterly Review, volume 23, number 45, New York: Edward I. Sears, page 48:

(typography, rare) An asterism (⁂) or similar symbol which replaces the name of the author in a literary work.

astéronyme

asterism or similar symbol which replaces the name of the author in a literary work


Katerina

/ˌkætəˈɹiːnə/


Anconan

A native or inhabitant of Ancona in Italy.


Geraint

From Welsh Geraint, from Latin Gerontius, Latinized Greek for "old man," from Ancient Greek γέρων (gérōn, “old man”).


Fort Worthian

A native or inhabitant of Fort Worth, Texas.


Quebecian

Quebecian (comparative more Quebecian, superlative most Quebecian)

more Quebecian (comparative)
most Quebecian (superlative)

But let the humble “subjects” of the rotten, tottering trans-Atlantic monarchies, the humble Quebecian “subjects” of Victoria of England included, once for all learn and not forget that America is not Africa; and that American freemen will not submit to be treated like African savages.

1891, John Gmeiner, The Church and Foreignism, St. Paul, Minnesota: Brown, Treacy & Co., page 6:

In his effort his Quebecian title had been pre-occupied for another formation; in Cary substitute another title had already been a valid name for the till itself.

1938, The Pan-American Geologist, page 56:

The Quebecian grammarian Jean-Marcel Léard has identified five morphological features which differentiate what he calls the Quebecian variety of French from the hexagonal variety (Léard 1995, based on the Estric corpus for Quebecian facts):[…]Most of these changes are not completely unknown in European French:[…]What then could be said to be Quebecian here?

2011, Grammar & Corpora 2009: Third International Conference, →ISBN, pages 97, 98:


Quebecian

When the Quebecians wish to get out, the Ontarians try to persuade them to stay in.

“Oh, yes.” I said, again. “Oh, yes.” Nearly choking. Who is this man? I kept thinking. This Quebecian.

Domestic responses to national database projects have been highly variable. Britons, Estonians, Quebecians, and Swedes have paid minimal attention to developments in their own contexts, whereas in Iceland there was extensive public debate for over two years.

2007, Gísli Pálsson, Anthropology and the New Genetics, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 144:


Old Lady of Threadneedle Street

the Old Lady of Threadneedle Street (canonical)


Hamawi

A person from, or an inhabitant of, Hama.

Hamiote

a person from, or an inhabitant of, Hama


Appie

(informal) A member of the Appalachian Mountain Club, an outdoor group in the United States.


Fine Gaeler

A member or supporter of the Fine Gael political party.


Jie

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 羯 (Jié), from Middle Chinese 羯 (kɨɐt̚), itself borrowed from Jie.

(historical) An ancient tribe of northern China, who were regarded as one of the Five Barbarians by the Han people.


Jie

(historical) The language spoken by the Jie people, attested only in a fragment in the Book of Jin.


Warcrack

Blend of warcraft + crack, in allusion to the addictiveness of crack cocaine.

(video games, slang, humorous) The massively multiplayer online role-playing game World of Warcraft.


EverCrack

An allusion to the addictiveness of crack cocaine.

(video games, slang, humorous) The massively multiplayer online role-playing game EverQuest.


Reubs

A diminutive of the male given name Reuben.


Damin

A ceremonial register of the Australian Aboriginal Lardil language; the only language outside of Africa to use click consonants in its phonology.


Artin

From Armenian Արթին (Artʻin), a dialectal form of Հարություն (Harutʻyun).

Արթին Արթին#Armenian

A transliteration of the Armenian male given name Արթին (Artʻin).


Denni

A diminutive of the female given name Denise.


Old Udi

Caucasian Albanian
Caucasian Albanian#English


Aghwan

en-noun

Aghwan (countable and uncountable, plural Aghwans)


Wilmingtonian

A native or inhabitant of Wilmington, Delaware.


BANZSL

Sign languages that have foreign vocabulary based on alphabetic fingerspelled elements include American Sign Language (ASL) […] and the British Sign Language (BSL) family, BANZSL[…]

2008, Kearsy Cormier, Adam Schembri, Martha E. Tyron, “One Hand or Two? Nativisation of Fingerspelling in ASL and BANZSL”, in Sign Language & Linguistics, volume 11, number 1, John Benjamins, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 3–44:

But when BANZSL and ASL were compared, 44% cognate and 31% identical signs have been observed.

2016 January 5, Genie Gertz, Patrick Boudreault, The SAGE Deaf Studies Encyclopedia, SAGE Publications, →ISBN, page 234:

w:British, Australian, and New Zealand Sign Language

Acronym of British, Australian, and New Zealand Sign Language.


Bulletmore

Blend of bullet + Baltimore, in reference to the high murder rate.

Even if I'm honest about my ignorance of the best show on TV, folks are thirsty to know if Bulletmore is really as criminally minded as it's portrayed on television.

2007, Felicia Pride, The Message: 100 Life Lessons from Hip-Hop's Greatest Songs, page 192:

Bulletmore's success rate of solving crime is only about 17%. This is a city where the National Guard could be used as target practice by the local B.G.F.

(slang, derogatory) The city of Baltimore, Maryland, United States.


Shakey

Greene: Master Shakey Poet, a word if you please? / Will: Shakespeare, Master Greene, my name is Shakespeare.

2016, Ben Elton, “Star Crossed Lovers”, in Upstart Crow, season 1, episode 1 (television production):

(humorous, modern nickname) William Shakespeare


straight r

[…] completely informed about the decisions made and the reasons to make them, e.g. r rotunda does not figure in the transcription as the use of straight r and r rotunda is governed by the preceding character and thus completely predictable.

1989, Arend Quak, Florus (Floor) Rhee, Palaeogermanica et onomastica., Rodopi, page 3

And certain geminated consonants are represented by capitals : ɢ, ɴ, ʀ, ꜱ. Does a form like haʀ mean a long r, or is it a scribal habit on the level of the usage of r rotunda, not straight r, after round letters? The occurrence of forms with -rr […]

2000, Anna A. Grotans, Heinrich Beck, Anton Schwob, De consolatione philogiae: studies in honor of Evelyn S. Firchow, volume 2, page 624:

The distinction between r rotunda and straight r has not been kept in the transcription, as the usage of r rotunda is predictable from the preceding character: r rotunda is used after round letters.

2017, Andrea de Leeuw van Weenen, A Grammar of Möðruvallabók, BRILL, →ISBN, page 11:

(typography) The usual form of the letter r (which is r), as contrasted with r rotunda (ꝛ).


Zsa Zsa

From Hungarian Zsazsa, popularized by Hungarian–American actress Zsa Zsa Gabor.


Sleepy Joe

/ˈsliːpi ˈd͡ʒəʊ̯/

Coined by American former president Donald Trump in 2019, likely in reference to a series of videos where Biden appears to occasionally fall asleep during important meetings and television interviews.

coinage

Welcome to the race Sleepy Joe.

2019 April 25, @realDonaldTrump, Twitter, archived from the original on 2019-04-25:

His new dystopian vision, with militant and extreme language not typical in American politics, marks a sharp departure from Trump’s previous effort to cast Biden as “Sleepy Joe,” an establishment politician with deteriorating mental abilities.

2020 July 18, Michael Scherer, “From ‘Sleepy Joe’ to a destroyer of the ‘American way of life,’ Trump’s attacks on Biden make a dystopian shift”, in The Washington Post, archived from the original on 2020-12-13:

Many mocked the president, while hashtags included "Sleepy Joe" – the name former President Donald Trump had referred to Biden as during the 2020 campaign.

[2021 November 1, Peter Suciu, “‘Sleepy Joe’ Trended After Biden Appeared To Nod Off During Climate Conference”, in Forbes, archived from the original on 2021-11-27:

(US politics, derogatory) A nickname of the American president Joe Biden.


Siliconite

From silicon + -ite, after Silicon Valley.

R.U. Sirius, whose journalistic rounds put him in constant contact with Siliconites of all descriptions, says, "In my experience, the most creative people in computers experiment with drugs. It's a very bizarre culture, where the freaks are the elite. […]"

1992 June 29, Vijay Joglekar, “Valley of the Nerds - 3”, in austin.general (Usenet):

Are you kidding? $60,000 is what Siliconites pay the illegal Guatemalan gardener who has to go all the way to Gilroy before he can find a place he can afford to rent. (As long as he, the wife and kids share the place with his brother and his family.)

1996 October 7, frlpwr@flash.net, “Re: Organic/Unsafe”, in talk.politics.animals (Usenet):

The supposed main difference was that the Siliconites consist of Jewish managers and South Asian engineers/managers. Bangalorites are just South Asian. Which ever way you look at it south Asians dominate IT. R&D is also a strong point.

2004 March 6, Roy Chang, “Re: Bangalore: Silicon Valley or Coolie Valley?”, in alt.computer.consultants (Usenet):

(rare) A person who lives or works in Silicon Valley.


Sidama

A Cushitic language spoken in the region.


Euric

From Latin Eurichus or Spanish Eurico, both ultimately from Gothic *𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (*aiwareiks). Possible doublet of Eric and Erik.


condensed formula

en-noun

condensed formula (plural condensed formulae or condensed formulas)

condensed formulae (plural)
condensed formulas (plural)

(physical chemistry) A simplified structural formula that does not show the individual atoms' relative position in space


Murican

Imitating a stereotypical redneck or hillbilly pronunciation of American.


Shantanu

Transliteration of Hindi शांतनु (śāntnu) or Sanskrit शांतनु (śāṃtanu).

translit

A male given name from Hindi or Sanskrit.


Northern Kurdish

The Kurdish language with the largest number of speakers, spoken in Turkey, Syria, northernmost Iraq, and parts of Iran and Central Asia.


Southern Kurdish

The Kurdish language spoken in western Iran, and to a small extent in Iraq. Kalhuri (Kermashani), Feili (Ilami) and Laki are divided into the southern dialect subgroup.


Central Asiatic

en-adj

Central Asiatic (comparative more Central Asiatic, superlative most Central Asiatic)

more Central Asiatic (comparative)
most Central Asiatic (superlative)

The Central Asiatic race, the Mongol, the Tartar, when pure, revelled in tents and arms; plunder and the pomp of war was their whole aim.

1850, Robert Knox, “Appendix”, in The Races of Men: A Fragment, Philadelphia: Lea & Blanchard, “Section I.—Origin, Civilization, Extinction of the Dark Races of Men”, page 302:

The principal sets of Central Asiatic manufactures are Bokhara, Karshi, Yenghi Ürgendj, Khokand, and Namengan.

1865, Arminius Vámbéry, “Chapter XXII.”, in Travels in Central Asia; Being the Account of a Journey from Teheran Across the Turkoman Desert on the Eastern Shore of the Caspian to Khiva, Bokhara, and Samarcand. Performed in the Year 1863., New York: Harper & Brothers, page 472:

Ṭāq-i Bustān lies just east of Kirmānshāh, a town in western Irān on the so-called High Road that led from Mesopotamia through the central Zagros Mountains to Khurāsān, the crucially important Central Asiatic frontier of Arab conquest.

2004, Garth Fowden, Quṣayr ʿAmra: Art and the Unmayyad Elite in Late Antique Syria, University of California Press, →ISBN, pages 109, 300:


Central Asiatic

en-noun

Central Asiatic (plural Central Asiatics)

Will the Central Asiatics avail themselves of the communications opened for them in Europe? Will they accept, through the agency of Russia, the products of civilization, which we have neglected to convey to them, by the Indus and their own streams?

1840 August, Adolphus Slade, “Slade’s Travels in Germany and Russia”, in Sylvanus Urban, editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine, volume XIV, London: William Pickering; John Bowyer Nichols and Son, pages 130–131:

My friend was obliged positively to force me to enter a booth, and, after the precious shivin (a kind of tea) was poured out, wishing to profit by the ecstatic feeling in which he found me, he asked me, chucklingly, “Now, then, what do you say to Bokhara Sherif (the noble)?” “It pleases me much,” I replied; and the Central Asiatic, although from Khokand, and an alien enemy, as his nation was at that moment at war with Bokhara, was nevertheless delighted to find that the capital of Turkestan had made such a conquest of me, and gave me his word that he would show me its finest features in the course of the following days.

1865, Arminius Vámbéry, “Chapter X.”, in Travels in Central Asia; Being the Account of a Journey from Teheran Across the Turkoman Desert on the Eastern Shore of the Caspian to Khiva, Bokhara, and Samarcand. Performed in the Year 1863., New York: Harper & Brothers, page 210:

By describing him as a “Scythian shepherd,” Marlowe seizes the idea of the near contemporary Mongolians in the relatively unracialized image of the classical Scythians (who were neither Central Asiatics nor “shepherds,” though they were nomads).

2006, Garrett A. Sullivan, Jr., Patrick Cheney, Andrew Hadfield, editors, Early Modern English Drama: A Critical Companion, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 42:


Geoffie

A diminutive of the male given name Geoffrey.


Adders

Jocular modification of Addison + -ers. See Oxford "-er".

(Oxford University slang, archaic) Addison's Walk, Magdalen College, Oxford.


Jaggers

Variant of Jagger with post-medieval excrescent -s.


Mashallah

From Arabic مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّه (mā šāʔa l-lah).

bor

مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّه

Arabic مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّه (mā šāʔa l-lah)

At this early stage of the narrative, this manner of describing Mashallah's state of mind foreshadows a more radical loss of self, i.e., a journey that transforms him from an ordinary and insignificant bank guard to a visitor to the court of Harun...

2015, Nasrin Rahimieh, Iranian Culture: Representation and Identity, Routledge, →ISBN, page 19:

Mashallah, the cook, housekeeper and moral guardian of the family, had a different relationship with each of us. For Achim he felt deep respect, with some distance; he was jealous of Marianne, fearing for his sovereignty in the domestic sphere;...

2006, Irene Gill, Oma, Mu and Me, APS Publishing:

مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّه
ما شاء الله#Arabic

(Islam) A male given name from Arabic مَا شَاءَ ٱللَّه (mā šāʔa l-lah, “God willed it”)


Bismillah

/ˌbɪsmɪˈlɑː/

From Arabic بِاسْمِ اللّٰه (bismi llāh, “in the name of God”)

بِاسْمِ اللّٰه

It was only at the age of six years when Bismillah was sent to Varanasi to stay with his maternal uncle, Ali Baksh, who himself was a great musician and played shehnai in the premises of the Kashi Vishwanath Temple.

2020, Ustad Bismillah Khan, Ustad Bismillah Khan, Prabhat Prakashan, →ISBN:

بِاسْمِ اللَّه
باسم الله#Arabic

(Islam) A male given name from Arabic بِاسْمِ اللَّه (bismi llāh, “in the name of God”)


Normie

A diminutive of the male given name Norman


Tomba

From Manipuri ꯇꯣꯝꯕ (tomba). Transliteration of Manipuri ꯇꯣꯝꯕ (tomba); this name is of Meitei ethnic origin.

translit

A male given name from Manipuri; A transliteration of the Manipuri male given name ꯇꯣꯝꯕ (tomba)


Myf

A diminutive of the female given name Myfanwy.


Faragism

From Farage + -ism. From Nigel Farage, a British politician.

(British politics, informal) The ideology, practice, philosophy and politics espoused by British nationalist autonomist sovereigntist politician Nigel Farage, the UK Independence Party (UKIP), and, Reform UK.


Loujain

Loujain al-Hathloul, b. 1989


Harshit

Via Hindi हर्षित (harṣit), ultimately a borrowing from Sanskrit हर्षित (harṣita).

A male given name from Sanskrit, common in India


cakeist

en-adj

cakeist (comparative more cakeist, superlative most cakeist)

more cakeist (comparative)
most cakeist (superlative)

Some said the proposed Brexit deal was cakeist.

May's cakeist approach to Brexit (as in, having it and eating it) is beginning to find its limits.

2017 September 22, Anne Perkins, “Theresa May's Florence speech – our writers' verdicts”, in The Guardian:

As a leadership candidate, Mr Johnson has run a strongly cakeist campaign.

2019 July 15, Gideon Rachman, “Boris Johnson, ‘cakeism’ and the Blitz spirit”, in the Financial Times:

Harry and Meghan are easy to sympathize with. Who isn’t in favor of having cake and eating it, too? In politics, after all, everyone is a cakeist: No one wants to pay more tax, but everyone wants better services.

2020 January 10, Tom McTague, “The Hypocrisy of Harry and Meghan’s Decision”, in The Atlantic:

I want you to see that this is a cakeist treaty.

2020 December 30, “Post-Brexit trade: UK having its cake and eating it, says Boris Johnson”, in BBC News:

In the cakeist view, Britain could retain the benefits of EU membership without any obligation to European law.

2021 December 22, Rafael Behr, “The Tories said we could have our cake and eat it – now they are stuffed and voters are hungry”, in The Guardian:

having one's cake and eating it
having one's cake and eating it

(UK politics) Of or pertaining to having one's cake and eating it.


Ladakhi

A Tibetic language primarily spoken in Ladakh, India.


Rejean

(Canada, Louisiana) A male given name from French; masculine of Rejeanne


Rejeanne

(Canada, Louisiana) A female given name from French; feminine of Rejean


Butskellian

Butskellian (comparative more Butskellian, superlative most Butskellian)

more Butskellian (comparative)
most Butskellian (superlative)

(UK politics, now historical) Of or relating to Butskellism.


Queen Bess

Queen Elizabeth I of England and Ireland.


Gjergji

A transliteration of the Macedonian male given name Ѓерѓи (Ǵerǵi)


pantifa

From mid-2017, a blend of panty + Antifa. See quotations and also the expression get one's panties in a bunch.

2017 August, reader comment on Black Bloc warning urges more violence against Canadian journalists
I call then ‘Pantifa’ because they cover their faces with their Mom's Old Underwear!

You are a pantifa? Panty Fascist

2017 September 8, reader comment on Eric Bolling Out at Fox News

Most people who support pantifa have never worked a day in their life

Be ready to fight. Congress needs to hear glass breaking, doors being kicked in, and blood from their BLM and Pantifa slave soldiers being spilled. Get violent.

2021 January 12, online discussion, quotee, “FBI report warned of ‘war’ at Capitol, contradicting claims there was no indication of looming violence”, in Washington Post:

(Internet slang, derogatory) Antifa, specifically the North American movement that arose in the late 2010s.


Istanbullu

Ekrem İmamoğlu, elected in 2019 as Istanbul’s opposition party mayor despite fierce resistance from Turkey’s ruling Justice and Development party, told the Guardian that Istanbullus had been reassured that the huge Melen dam system would supply the city’s water needs without issue until 2070.

2021 January 13, Bethan McKernan, “Turkey drought: Istanbul could run out of water in 45 days”, in The Guardian:


Landsmål

From Norwegian landsmål (Bokmål entry; Nynorsk entry); called so by Ivar Aasen.

Political parties had to tailor their programmes according to the taste of the electorate on the basis of the Riksmål/Landsmål controversy.

2000, Gyula Décsy, The Linguistic Identity of Europe: The 62 Languages of Europe Classified in Functional Zones, Eurolingua, →ISBN, page 84:

In 1885, Landsmål won official recognition from the government; in 1929 it was renamed Nynorsk ("new Norwegian").

2000, Frankie B. Shackelford, transl., Ave Eva: A Norwegian Tragedy, Xenos Books, translation of Ave Eva: Herregårdsroman by Edvard Hoem, page viii:

Diphthongs were allowed as options in many words, often rendering them identical to the Landsmål forms but deviating from upper-middle-class speech: ben > bein ‘bone, leg’ (Landsmål: bein), løv > lauv ‘leaf’ (Landsmål: lauv). In Riksmål with optional forms, many other frequently-used words were also altered from forms which reflected upper-middle-class speech to those which were identical with Landsmål:[…]

2014, Ernst Håkon Jahr, “Two Norwegian written standards: is linguistic reconciliation possible? Early twentieth century up to the 1917 language reforms”, in Language Planning as a Sociolinguistic Experiment: The Case of Modern Norwegian, Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, section “The language reform of 1917”, subsection “Concrete changes to Riksmål”, page 93:

A written standard for Norwegian created by Ivar Aasen in the mid-1800s; predecessor to Nynorsk.


Kacey

A male given name transferred from the surname

A female given name transferred from the surname


Quad

(UK politics, historical) A coalition committee that resolved party disputes during the Cameron–Clegg coalition.


Middle Ottoman

A register of the Ottoman Turkish language typical to the time from 1501–1800 and later a chosen register, particularly seen as exclusive to an educated elite, as marked by complex syntax (lacking punctuation) and largely Persianized and Arabicized vocabulary and sentence structure.

klassinen osmaninturkki

the Turkish language in the middle period of the Ottoman Empire, of many lexical and syntactic borrowings


Protactile

From pro- + tactile, first used c. 2012.

2014 August 20, John Lee Clark, “Pro-Tactile: Bursting the Bubble.”, in Where I Stand: On the Signing Community and My DeafBlind Experience, Handtype Press, →ISBN:

Exploring the linguistic phenomenon of pro-tactile has lead Terra Edwards to make distinctions between Tactile ASL (TASL) and Visual ASL (VASL) (www.protactile.org, October 3, 2014).

2016 November 20, Massimiliano Spotti, Nelson Flores, Ofelia Garcia, editors, The Oxford Handbook of Language and Society, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 257:

ProTactile builds on this quality of expression, alive with decisions made on the fly, touches become pass-words for fields of composition as yet uncharted.

2020 October 9, Erin Manning, For a Pragmatics of the Useless, Duke University Press, →ISBN:

American Sign Language
American Sign Language

A dialect of American Sign Language that communicates with touch.


PNQ

private notice question
private notice question#English

(UK politics) Initialism of private notice question.


private notice question

en-noun

private notice question (plural private notice questions)

(UK politics) A topical question asked of the government by a member of the House of Lords, requiring an immediate response.


Japanee

Then there was more low bows, and we ladies swept back our trains, took steps and curtsied just as easy and graceful as they did, and Mrs. Grant talked a little with a Japanee.

1874, Ann Sophia Stephens, Phemie Frost's Experiences, page 173:

In dealing with a Japanee you are dealing with one of nature's gentlemen. For nature's gentlemen are the Japanese, made in the older fashion of the world before money-grubbing had soiled the souls of men, cankered their hearts, […]

1879, James Hingston, The Australian Abroad, page 87:


Suzanna

A female given name from Hebrew, variant of Susanna.


Suzannah

'Yeah, when we're dead,' says Zan. 'Life is drama, little bruth.'
'Zannah, please,' says Dom. 'Upstairs.'
'Mum, why can't I stay?'
'Suzannah. We very rarely ask you to—'
'Uh-oh. Dad's full-naming me. It must be serious. All right, I'm going.'

2020, Sophie Hannah, Haven't They Grown, Hachette UK, →ISBN:


reasoned amendment

reasoned amendment (plural reasoned amendments)

Member of Parliament
Member of Parliament

(UK politics) A negative response by a Member of Parliament to a proposed bill, providing reasons why it should be rejected rather than receiving a second or third reading.


Tursunay

Borrowed from Uyghur تۇرسۇناي (tursunay).

تۇرسۇناي تۇرسۇناي#Uyghur

A transliteration of the Uyghur female given name تۇرسۇناي (tursunay).


Gulzira

For quotations using this term, see Citations:Gulzira.


Kera

An East Chadic language spoken in southwestern Chad and northern Cameroon.


Boghom

A West Chadic language spoken in Nigeria.


Toram

An East Chadic language spoken in central Chad.


Sarua

An East Chadic language spoken in southwestern Chad.


Bethuel

(rare) A male given name from Hebrew of biblical origin.


Mellie

“Isn't their daughter named Melanie?”
“Mellie, for short,” Ken confirmed.

2011, Geri Bennett, Drinking Saké All Alone, page 134:

“When I married him he was forty,” said Mellie, “and he owned a sleeping bag, a rifle, and a suitcase with a change of clothes.”

2020, Tom Kizzia, The Wake of the Unseen Object, page 116:

A diminutive of the female given name Melanie

I met Melinda, Mellie, while we were both attending Sonoma State University.

2017, Sara Sandoval, La Quinceañera, page 23:

A diminutive of the female given name Melinda

After dinner she went directly to Melissa.
“Mellie,” she said, “do you know, I've good reason for thinking this woman you've got is no better than she ought to be. Think of that, and you sick, and Abraham exposed to temptation.”

1867, Caroline Fairfield Corbin, A Woman's Secret, page 162:

A diminutive of the female given name Melissa


Big Mike

Calque of French Gros Michel; from gros (“big”) + Michel (“Michael”)


Hinako

Hinako Saeki, b. 1977


Hinano

Hinano Yoshikawa, b. 1979

A transliteration of the Japanese female given name ひなの


Lions

(cricket) The Sri Lanka national cricket team.


Tessica

The crowd Wednesday included a few outdoor movie buffs and some casual Austen fans, but the majority were young women such as Tessica Venteicher, 30, who showed up last year for the “Pride and Prejudice” screening and was back now for “Emma.” Along for the ride: fiance Kevin Harber, who’s a good sport but not a true believer.

2015 July 18, Roxanne Roberts, “The Jane Austen film festival: Chick flicks for D.C.’s highbrow romantics”, in The Washington Post:


Phill

Alternative form of Phil; A male given name; diminutive of Phillip and Phillipp


Sussex Street

Former name of Sussex Drive; a street in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada


Veracruzan

Relating to, or from, the Mexican state of Veracruz.


Kanye

Evidently from Igbo Kanye, although inspiration from other African languages may have contributed. The verb is a reference to Kanye West interrupting Taylor Swift’s speech at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards.


Yauna

An extinct Tucanoan language of Colombia.


Yameo

An extinct Peba-Yaguan language of Peru.


Yahgan

This is an attempt to present the Yahgan dialect of the Fuegian Islands in lexical form[.]

1885, “The Yahgans of Tierra Del Fuego”, in The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, volume 14, page 289:


Yauapery

(archaic) An indigenous language of that region.


Nakh

A group of languages within Northeast Caucasian, spoken chiefly by the Chechens and Ingush in the North Caucasus within Southern Russia.


Dorasque

An extinct Chibchan language of Panama, spoken by these people.


Charleen

A female given name, variant of Charlene.


Chibchan

Of or relating to a language family indigenous to the Isthmo-Colombian Area, which extends from eastern Honduras to northern Colombia and includes populations of these countries as well as Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama.


Shep

A diminutive of the male given name Shepherd.

A nickname, from being a clipping of Shepherd/Shephard/Sheperd/Shepard. surnames


Poppaea

(historical) A female given name from Latin.


Vonnie

A diminutive of the female given name Veronica

A diminutive of the female given name Yvonne


Kalapuyan

A small extinct language family that was spoken in the Willamette Valley of Western Oregon, United States.


Hindki

Term is made up with هند + كی, literally means 'of Hind'.


Chayahuita

An endangered Amazonian language spoken by the native Chayahuita people in the Amazon basin of north-central Peru.


Nahanarvali

(historical) A Germanic tribe mentioned by the Roman scholar Tacitus.


Bishopsgate

Equivalent to Bishop + -s- + gate.
(street and ward): From one of the eastern gates in London’s former defensive wall, traditionally attributed to Earconwald, who was Bishop of London in the 7th century.

A street and ward in the City of London, England (OS grid ref TQ3381).


Foreign and Commonwealth Office

the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (canonical)

(UK politics) The former (until 2020) official full name of the Foreign Office; now the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office.


Foreign Office

Foreign and Commonwealth Office
Foreign and Commonwealth Office

(UK politics) A department of the British Government, headed by the Foreign Secretary, that is responsible for maintaining and developing Britain's diplomatic and trade relations with other countries, as well supporting its citizens and businesses around the world. Official full name: Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, formerly (until 2020) Foreign and Commonwealth Office.


Adelard

Adelard of Bath, b. ca 1080


Foreign Secretary

Foreign Secretary (plural Foreign Secretaries)

Foreign Secretaries (plural)
without capitals (sometimes)

Philip Hammond has been appointed chancellor of the exchequer and Boris Johnson foreign secretary as Theresa May allocated the top posts in her cabinet on her first evening as prime minister.

2016 July 13, Peter Walker, “Theresa May unveils cabinet, with Hammond and Johnson in top jobs”, in The Guardian, London:

(UK politics) The British cabinet minister who heads the Foreign Office and is responsible for Britain's relations and dealings with other countries. Official full title: Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs.


Zenobius

From Latin Zēnobius, from Ancient Greek Ζηνόβιος (Zēnóbios).


en-proper noun

the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office

(UK politics) The official full name of the Foreign Office.

bureau des Affaires étrangères et du Commonwealth

Ufficio degli esteri, del Commonwealth e dello sviluppo

Ministerstvo inostrannyx del i meždunarodnovo razvitija Velikobritanii

Министерство иностранных дел и международного развития Великобритании

Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y de la Mancomunidad de Naciones


Bagheli

A Central Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Baghelkhand region of central India.


Betsey

A diminutive of the female given name Elizabeth


Chas.

Abbreviation of Charles.; A male given name


Bhumij

A Munda language spoken by the people in the Indian states of Jharkhand, Odisha, and West Bengal; often considered to be a dialect of Mundari.


Shanelle

From French Chanel, after Coco Chanel and under influence from -elle.

A female given name of African-American usage.


Samkova

A female surname from the Slavic languages, masculine equivalent Samkov.


Akeem

A male given name from Arabic, variant of Hakim


Jourdaine

/ˈd͡ʒɔː(ɹ)dən/


Bobbikins

(childish) A diminutive of the male given name Bobbie

(childish) A diminutive of the female given name Bobbie


Samkov

A male surname from the Slavic languages, feminine equivalent Samkova.


Devendra

From Sanskrit देवेन्द्र (devendra, “chief of the gods”).


Patsie

A diminutive of the female given name Patricia


Lobsang

Borrowed from Tibetan བློ་བཟང (blo bzang).


Castelnau

Originally from Occitan. Apparently named after the 10th Baron of Castelnau and St Croix, who lived in Barnes after fleeing from France.

Richmond upon Thames
Richmond upon Thames#English

A road and neighbourhood in Barnes, borough of Richmond upon Thames, Greater London, England (OS grid ref TQ2277).


SpAd

(UK politics, informal) Alternative letter-case form of spad (“special adviser”)


Italian English

en-noun

Italian English (plural Italian Englishes)

A dialect of blended Italian dialects and English, spoken primarily in the USA.

English as spoken in mainland Italy or as a second language by Italians.


Jaq

A diminutive of the female given name Jacqueline and similar.


Caity

A diminutive of the female given name Caitlin and similar.


Musgu

A language of the Biu–Mandara subgroup of the Chadic languages.


Stinkomalee

Coined by Theodore Hook, apparently Blend of stink + Trincomalee, perhaps because some cow-houses and dunghills stood on the original site.

(UK, slang, derogatory, obsolete) The University of London.


Mexmut

Mexmut Sulayman, b. 1968


Orok

A language that belongs to the Tungusic language family and is spoken by the Orok people.


Udihe

A language that belongs to the Tungusic language family and is spoken by the Udihe people.


Abeer

Transliteration of Arabic عَبِير (ʕabīr).


Kinnie

Alternative form of Kenny
A male given name


Jords

A diminutive of the unisex given name Jordan and similar.


Nabby

A diminutive of the female given name Abigail, from Hebrew


Bre

A diminutive of the female given name Breanna.


Church-of-Englandism

The religious practices and customs of the Church of England.


Kalinago

The extinct Arawakan language of these people.


Irisher

Then some of the neighbours at home had tried to frighten her when naughty by saying, 'I'll give you to them old Irishers; see if I don't, then!'

1945, Flora Thompson, Lark Rise to Candleford:

(dated or humorous) Synonym of Irishman: an Irish person.


Gweniver

From Cornish, from Middle Cornish Gwynnever, from Proto-Brythonic *Gwɨnnohuɨβar. Cognate with English Jennifer.


Firbolg

(Irish mythology) The fourth group of people to settle in Ireland, descended from the Muintir Nemid, an earlier group who abandoned Ireland and went to different parts of Europe.


Seabert

From Old English Sæberht, the name of a king of Essex. Compound of Old English sǣ (“sea”) + beorht (“bright”).


Raewyn

Possibly a compound of the names Rae and Wynn.


Jupiterian

en-adj

Jupiterian (comparative more Jupiterian, superlative most Jupiterian)

more Jupiterian (comparative)
most Jupiterian (superlative)

(astrology, rare) Pertaining to the planet Jupiter.

He soon discovered that the role itself was anything but normal in a nation that wants presidents to be at once Jupiterian and close to the people.

2023 June 10, Roula Khalaf, “Lunch with the FT: François Holland”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 3:

(figurative) Jovian; elevated, rarefied.


Jupiterian

(chiefly science fiction, rare) An imaginary inhabitant of the planet Jupiter.


Huastec

Via Spanish huasteco from the Nahuatl word cuextécatl, which has two possible origins, either the word cuachalolotl (Nahuatl for small snail) or huaxitl (Nahuatl for river tamarind, also known as guaje)


Abbreviation of second independence referendum.

(Scotland, informal) A proposed second referendum on Scottish independence

Proposed second Scottish independence referendum


Oxo cube

Rhyming slang for Tube. Oxo is a brand of stock cubes.

For instance, on the oxo cube 'tube' the weasler or porter has changed into the less descriptive stationman […]

1981, Peter Wright, Cockney Dialect and Slang, page 74:

On the Oxo Cube to London

Cockney rhyming slang
Cockney rhyming slang

(Cockney rhyming slang) The London Underground rail network.


Gyalrong

The speakers of the Gyalrong language, inhabiting the southern part of Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan, China.


Guianan

Guianan (comparative more Guianan, superlative most Guianan)

more Guianan (comparative)
most Guianan (superlative)


Mamprusi

A Gur language spoken in northern Ghana by the Mamprusi people, related to Dagbani.


Tripti

Transliteration of Hindi तृप्ति (tŕpti). Doublet of Trupti.


Ruddhi

Transliteration of Marathi ऋद्धि (ŕddhi). Doublet of Riddhi.


Prabha

Transliteration of Hindi प्रभा (prabhā) or Sanskrit प्रभा (prabhā).


Shushrusha

Transliteration of Hindi शुश्रूषा (śuśrūṣā) or Sanskrit शुश्रूषा (śuśrūṣā).

Sanskrit शुश्रूषा (śuśrūṣā)

A female given name from Hindi or Sanskrit.


Trupti

Transliteration of Marathi तृप्ती (tŕptī). Doublet of Tripti.


Suramya

Transliteration of Hindi सुरम्य (suramya) or Sanskrit सुरम्य (suramya).


Suramya

Transliteration of Hindi सुरम्या (suramyā) or Sanskrit सुरम्या (suramyā).


Riddhi

Transliteration of Hindi ऋद्धि (ŕddhi). Doublet of Ruddhi.


Itzhak

A male given name from Hebrew, variant of Isaac


Istvaeones

(historical) A Germanic group of tribes living near the banks of the Rhine during the Roman Empire and reportedly sharing a common culture and origin.


Miriwoong

A Djeragan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Kununurra in northern Western Australia.


Kituba

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo

Democratic Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

A creole language based on Kikongo, spoken in the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo


Kimbundu

A Bantu language, the second-most-widely-spoken Bantu language in Angola.


Lyudmila

From Russian Людмила (Ljudmila) or Ukrainian Людмила (Ljudmyla).


Esmee

Anglicized spelling of the French Esmée or Esmé


Dramatic Prakrit

Those standard forms of Prakrit dialects that were used in dramas and other literature of medieval India.


Ardhamagadhi Prakrit

A Middle Indo-Aryan language and a Dramatic Prakrit thought to have been spoken in modern-day Uttar Pradesh and used in some early Buddhist and Jain drama.


Treyvon

A male given name originating as a coinage, of African-American usage


Mamata

Mamata Banerjee, b. 1955


Immie

A diminutive of the female given name Imogen


Norway-plus

From the similarity to Norway's arrangement, with plus denoting the addition of a customs union outside of EFTA.

European Economic Area
European Economic Area

(UK, politics) A proposal for a post-Brexit settlement that would have consisted of membership of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the European Economic Area as an EFTA member state, combined with a separate customs union with the European Union.


Euhemerus

From Latin Euhemerus, from Ancient Greek Εὐήμερος (Euḗmeros, from εὐ- (eu-, “good-, well-”) + ἥμερος (hḗmeros, “tamed, civilized, domesticated”)).

der

A transliteration of the Ancient Greek male given name Εὐήμερος (Euḗmeros).


bossy r

(education) The letter r (in certain English words, such as bird and sort) that modifies the pronunciation of the preceding vowel.


Cantre'r Gwaelod

Holonym: Cardigan Bay

A mythical sunken city in Wales, United Kingdom.


Jacque

A diminutive of the female given names Jacqueline or Jacquelyn.


Meggy

A diminutive of the female given name Margaret.

A diminutive of the female given name Megan.


Marylandian

A native or inhabitant of the U.S. state of Maryland.


Puntarenian

A native or resident of Punta Arenas, Chile.


Mica

A unisex given name from Hebrew, variant of Micah


Connecticutensian

Heard a pretty sensible Yalensian Connecticutensian preacher.

[1771 June 9, John Adams, “Diary, with Passages from an Autobiography”, in The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States: With a Life of the Author, Notes and Illustrations, by His Granson Charles Francis Adams, volume II, Boston, Mass.: Charles C. Little and James Brown, published 1850, page 275:

Another reaſon for the obſcurity in which the Connecticutenſians have hitherto been involved, is to be found among their own ſiniſter views and purpoſes.[…]Religion and Government.—Properly ſpeaking, the Connecticutenſians have neither, nor ever had; but, in pretence, they excel the whole world, except Boſton and Spain.

1781, [Samuel Peters], A General History of Connecticut, from Its First Settlement under George Fenwick, Esq. to Its Latest Period of Amity with Great Britain; […], London: […] the Author; […] J[ohn] Bew, […], pages iv–v (Preface) and 278–279:

Hugh Peters’s History of Connecticut, printed in London, 1781, can hardly be known to many of our readers. The author states, that the Connecticutensians have been involved in obscurity, by a cloud of prejudice and knavery; for that Doctor Mather and Mr. Neal suppressed “what are called in New-England, unnecessary truths.”

1834 February, “Connecticut as it was”, in J[oseph] T[inker] Buckingham, editor, The New-England Magazine, volume VI, Boston, Mass.: […] J[oseph] T[inker] Buckingham, page 121:

Bread and pork!—who of the poxed, deliquescent army was more qualified to supply it than our piratical Connecticutensian, so ready with his Lathrop-training, to give service, and also “fill his pocket”?[…]The two New Hampshire regiments, and the Connecticutensians, poured deadly volleys across the clearing.[…]Again Arnold hurls thunder with those Connecticutensians, and this time with telling effect.[…]A bit snobbish, apt to sneer at Connecticutensians, or plain country Jonathans; and yet she was not without some sense in that Boston Flucker head of hers.

1932, Malcolm Decker, Benedict Arnold, Son of the Havens, pages 147–148, 251, 266, and 290:

It was said, the Connecticutensians “loved the house of prayer, loved to leave it too.”

1946, Kurt F. Leidecker, “The Religious Background”, in Yankee Teacher: The Life of William Torrey Harris, New York, N.Y.: The Philosophical Library, part I, “New England Period”, chapter III, “Early Environment”, pages 26–27:

Mr. Chute had now begun to “get the hang,” as they say in Connecticut, of Connecticutensian English, and even in his diluted rendering it has a pungency, a force, and a strange new sort of humour, which I wish we might import from our American colonies.

[1951, Odell Shepard, Willard Shepard, “Tuesday”, in Jenkins’ Ear: A Narrative Attributed to Horace Walpole, Esq., New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, page 202:

This charter, which was to be the palladium of Connecticutensians, openly granted to Winthrop’s colony all of Long Island and Westchester.[…]Most Connecticutensians were Whigs and dissenters and, properly aroused, were never squeamish about tormenting an Episcopalian Tory.[…][Parson] Peters was to live on and one day would describe Connecticutensians as “part man and part beast and wholly of the devil.” Peters had been only an outstanding character to be chased; but, as for a Sandemanian, a Connecticutensian really felt deep down that he could boil him in oil, but actually settled for feathers and a tar bucket.

1964, Malcolm Decker, Brink of Revolution: New York in Crisis, 1765–1776, New York, N.Y.: Argosy Antiquarian Ltd., →LCCN, pages 4 (In the Beginning) and 208 (Coercion):

Peter Pond, the whimsical Connecticutensian, whose forebears “ware all waryers ither by sea or land,” was the first, as far is known, to record that Indians along the Athabasca were using a “sticky substance oozing from the river banks to waterproof their canoes.”

“It must give pleasure to every Connecticutensian” that “no post of honour or profit” can “exist, but what is of his own conferring” and that “no court favour, elevation of birth or fortune,” nor “indeed anything but merit, can be the ground for preferment.”

1995, Rupert Charles Loucks, “Let the Oppressed Go Free”: Reformation and Revolution in English Connecticut 1764-1775, page 376:


Mänti

constructed language
constructed language

A constructed language created by Daniel Tammet.


Alaeddin

A transliteration of the Ottoman Turkish male given name علاءالدین


Alauddin

Borrowed from Arabic عَلَاء الدِّين (ʕalāʔ ad-dīn).

bor+

عَلَاء الدِّين


Tray

A diminutive of the female given name Tracy


Sauytbay

Sayragul Sauytbay, b. 1977

Сауытбай Сауытбай#Kazakh

A transliteration of the Kazakh male given name Сауытбай (Sauytbai).


Heiltsuk

An indigenous people of the Central Coast region in British Columbia, centred on the island community of Bella Bella.


Heiltsuk

Their language, a dialect of North Wakashan (Kwakiutlan).


Priti

Alternative form of Preeti; A female given name from Sanskrit


Keyonna

A female given name originating as a coinage, of African-American usage.


New Englandress

en-noun

New Englandress (plural New Englandresses)

Of course, with romance for a motif, he hurries them away from the republic to take refuge under the shadows and among the traces of a foreign presence on the continent—not missing, however, a shot at folly as it flies by train or steamer, nor a double stroke of satire both for the great city and the wide West, and for the misliking glance his bright little New Englandress gives them, nor an epigram or two—we hope they may draw blood—on the clerks and ticket-takers we bow down to.

1872 March, “Current Literature”, in The Galaxy, volume XIV, number 3, section ““Their Wedding Journey.” By W. D. Howells. Boston: James R. Osgood & Co. 1872.”, pages 426–427, columns 2–1:

But we got acquainted, and are friends, and I am glad of it and shall be proud of my lyrical clanswoman and New Englandress.

1899 April 16, Edmund Clarence Stedman, To Martha Gilbert Dickinson; republished as Laura Stedman, George M. Gould, “An American Anthology”, in Life and Letters of Edmund Clarence Stedman, volume two, New York, N.Y.: Moffat, Yard and Company, 1910, page 260:

She [Kathleen Pierson] is now a successful romance novelist using Sioux themes and settings, and seems to be attempting to lead the way toward harmony and assimilation between the races, with interracial love her major theme. This is not a new idea for modern white New Englandresses.

1996, Elizabeth Cook-Lynn, “American Indian Intellectualism and the New Indian Story”, in American Indian Quarterly, University of Nebraska Press, pages 60–61:


San Josean

This week will forever be engrained in the minds of San Joseans.

2021 May 28, “A look at how San Jose mourned after mass shooting”, in San José Spotlight, retrieved 2021-05-28:


San Joséan

“Protecting residents’ privacy has been a priority for our office from the beginning. From today on, San Joséans will know exactly what is done with the information that they provide to their city government,” said Mayor Sam Liccardo.

2019 September 18, “San José Adopts First Citywide Privacy Principles”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), San Jose, California: City of San José:


Kannauji

An Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Kannauj region of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, closely related to Hindustani.


Katawixi

A Katukinan language formerly spoken in Amazonas, Brazil.


Kiwai

A Papuan language of southern Papua New Guinea.


Konomihu

An extinct Shastan language formerly spoken in northern California.


saucercraft

A hypothetical flying vehicle with a disc-like shape; flying saucer.


Western Australian

en-adj

Western Australian (comparative more Western Australian, superlative most Western Australian)

more Western Australian (comparative)
most Western Australian (superlative)


Western Australian

en-noun

Western Australian (plural Western Australians)

A native or inhabitant of Western Australia.


Winnipegian

Synonym of Winnipegger; a denizen of Winnipeg.


Winnipegian

en-adj

Winnipegian (comparative more Winnipegian, superlative most Winnipegian)

more Winnipegian (comparative)
most Winnipegian (superlative)


Winnipegonian

Winnipegonian (comparative more Winnipegonian, superlative most Winnipegonian)

more Winnipegonian (comparative)
most Winnipegonian (superlative)

Synonym of Winnipegian; Pertaining to Winnipeg


Alexei

Алексе́й Алексей#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian male given name Алексе́й (Alekséj), equivalent to Alexius.


Alexey

Transliteration of Russian Алексе́й (Alekséj)

transliteration

Алексе́й Алексей#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian male given name Алексе́й (Alekséj), equivalent to Alexis.


eidgah

From Persian عیدگاه (“place of Eid prayers”). See also English dargah.

(Islam, South Asia) An open-air enclosure used for Eid prayers on certain special occasions.


Seediq

The Austronesian language spoken by the Seediq people.


Ury

‘I’m umbly thankful to you, sir,’ said Mrs. Heep, in acknowledgement of my inquiries concerning her health, ‘but I’m only pretty well. I haven’t much to boast of. If I could see my Uriah well settled in life, I couldn’t expect much more I think. How do you think my Ury looking, sir?’

1849 May – 1850 November, Charles Dickens, The Personal History of David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1850, →OCLC:

A diminutive of the male given name Uriah.


Roussillonese

The northern dialect of the Catalan language spoken in Roussillon and North-Eastern Catalonia.


PoGo

(fandom slang) Abbreviation of Pokémon Go.


Lye

(rare) A diminutive of the female given name Lyanna.


Jigyasa

Transliteration of Hindi जिज्ञासा (jijñāsā).


Middle Bengali

Literary Bengali of prose, during the greater part of the 19th century, was thus a doubly artificial language; and, with its forms belonging to Middle Bengali, and its vocabulary highly Sanskritised, it could only be compared to a ‘Modern English’ with a Chaucerian grammar and a super-Johnsonian vocabulary, if such a thing could be conceived.

1926, Suniti Kumar Chatterji, The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language, Calcutta University Press, page 134:

The ancestor of New Bengali, spoken from 1200 CE to 1800, that developed from Old Bengali.


New Bengali

The contemporary Bengali language that developed from Middle Bengali, spoken since 1800.


Canal Street

From canal + street. From being where a canal ran or runs.

A street in Manhattan, New York City, New York, United States, where the defensive and transport canal of New Amsterdam once ran, beyond the city wall.

A street in Manchester, United Kingdom, along the Rochdale Canal.


Kayin

A member of a number of Karenic ethnolinguistic groups in Myanmar (Burma).

A state (administrative division) of Myanmar.


Rabindra

Alternative form of Ravindra (a male given name from Hindi).


Ravindra

Transliteration of Hindi रवींद्र (ravīndra).


Aurobindo

Borrowed from Bengali অরবিন্দ (orobindo).


Bri'ish

Respelling of British imitating the t-glottalisation of some accents and speakers in the United Kingdom.

Oi bruv, do you speak Bri'ish?

Oi, that bloke's Bri'ish he is!

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

(humorous, by extension) British English

Pronunciation spelling of British:
British English


Lahuli

A Tibetic language spoken in the Lahaul and Spiti region of Himachal Pradesh, India.


Pakawan

A small, now extinct language family that was once spoken in the Rio Grande Valley, consisting of five attested languages.


Ev

A diminutive of the female given name Evelyn.

A diminutive of the male given name Evelyn.


Yogad

An Austronesian language spoken in the northern Philippines.


Glory

From glory as a variant of the more common Gloria.

Glory said, “I think we should change the subject.”
“Your mother wanted to call her Gloria, the usual spelling, but I couldn't see that, when all the other names are in English.”

2009, Marilynne Robinson, Home: Winner of the Women's Prize for Fiction, Hachette UK, →ISBN:


Mim

A diminutive of the female given name Miriam


Zannah

'Yeah, when we're dead,' says Zan. 'Life is drama, little bruth.'
'Zannah, please,' says Dom. 'Upstairs.'
'Mum, why can't I stay?'
'Suzannah. We very rarely ask you to—'
'Uh-oh. Dad's full-naming me. It must be serious. All right, I'm going.'

2020, Sophie Hannah, Haven't They Grown, Hachette UK, →ISBN:

A diminutive of the female given name Suzannah.


Arandic

The total number of Arandic speakers is around 2000, and the Western Aranda dialect accounts for at least half of these.

1982, Colin Yallop, Australian Aboriginal Languages, page 50:

Of or relating to the various languages and dialects of the Aranda (Arrernte) family or group.


Aneesh

Transliteration of Hindi अनीश (anīś, “paramount, supreme”, literally “having no lord/master”).

translit

A male given name from Hindi, of Indian usage.


Proto-Munda

The reconstructed proto-language that is the ancestor of the Munda languages.


Anindilyakwa

An Anindilyakwan Australian Aboriginal language spoken on Groote Eylandt in the Northern Territory.


Gunwinygu

A Gunwinyguan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Gunbalanya in the Northern Territory; widely used as a lingua franca in northwestern Arnhem Land.


Nunggubuyu

A Nunggubuyuan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Numbulwar in east Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Nyangumarda

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in and around La Grange and Port Hedland in the Pilbara region of Western Australia.


Bardi

A Nyulnyulan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Derby and Broome, Western Australia.


Burarra

A Burarran Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken at Maningrida on the north coast of Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Western Desert language

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language (or group of languages) spoken in central Australia, including Pitjantjatjara and Pintupi.


Kitja

A Djeragan Australian Aboriginal language spoken at Halls Creek in Western Australia.


Minaean

Probably with a random vocalization, omitting the voiced pharyngeal fricative in the middle, from occurrence in Old South Arabian inscriptions (endonym 𐩣𐩲𐩬 (mʿn)), + -ean.

Epigraphic South Arabian
Epigraphic South Arabian

An extinct Semitic language of the Epigraphic South Arabian ones spoken in Arabia.


Murinypata

A Murinypatan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken in Port Keats in the Northern Territory.


Yuulngu-Dhuwal

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken at Milingimbi in the Northern Territory.


Mabuyag

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in the western Torres Strait Islands.


Nakara

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken at Maningrida on the north coast of Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Yuulngu-Dhiyakuy

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Ngukurr in the Northern Territory.


Iwaidja

An Iwaidjan Australian Aboriginal language spoken on Croker Island off the north coast of Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Yuulngu-Dhuwala

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Milingimbi and Yirrkala in the Northern Territory.


Yuulngu-Dhangu

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken on Elcho Island off the north coast of Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Gunabidji

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken at Maningrida and the Goulburn Islands on the north coast of Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


non-Pama-Nyungan

(linguistics) Of an Australian Aboriginal language or language family, not of the extensive Pama-Nyungan family.


Iwaidjan

A family of non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing languages spoken on islands off the north coast of Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Gunbalang

A Gunwinyguan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Gunbalanya and Maningrida in Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Ngandi

A Gunwinyguan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in the Rose River area of east Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Rembarunga

A Gunwinyguan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Ngukurr and Maningrida in Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Ngalkbun

A Gunwinyguan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Gunbalanya in west Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Mangarai

A Mangaraian Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken at Mataranka and Elsey in Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Warndarang

A Maran Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken in southeastern Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Kakadju

A Kakadjuan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken in western Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Mangaraian

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language family of southern Arnhem Land, of which Mangarai is the sole member.


Burarran

A family of non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing languages spoken in northern Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Nunggubuyuan

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language family of east Arnhem Land, of which Nunggubuyu is the sole member.


Kuuk-Thaayorre

A Pama-Maric Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken in the Edward River region of north Queensland.


Yanyulan

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language family located just south of Arnhem Land, of which Yanyula (Yanyuwa) is the sole member.


Kakadjuan

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language family of western Arnhem Land, of which Kakadju is the sole member.


Mangerian

A family of non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing languages spoken in western Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Roper River Creole

An alternative name for Kriol (spoken by Australian Aborigines in Arnhem Land).


Yanyuwa

A Yanyulan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken in the Northern Territory to the south of Arnhem Land.


Dalabon

An alternative name for Ngalkbun (a Gunwinyguan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Gunbalanya in west Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory).


Gugu-Yalanji

A Pama-Maric Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Bloomfield River region of northeast Queensland.


Maran

A family of non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing languages spoken in southeastern Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Alawa

Alagwa, a Cushitic language spoken in Tanzania.


Gunwinyguan

A family of non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing languages spoken in Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.


Sydney language

The Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken in the Sydney region, comprising both Dharuk and Eora.


Anindilyakwan

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language family of Groote Eylandt, of which Anindilyakwa is the sole member.


Sepa

An Oceanic language of northeast New Guinea.


Tiwian

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language family spoken on Bathurst and Melville Island in the Northern Territory, of which Tiwi is the sole member.


Murinypatan

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language family spoken in Port Keats in the Northern Territory, of which Murinypata is the sole member.


Ngengomeri

An alternative name for Ngankikurungkurr (a non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken in Daly River in the north of the Northern Territory).


Maringarr

Australian Aboriginal
Australian Aboriginal

(linguistics) A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken along the Daly River in the north of the Northern Territory.


Brinken

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken at Daly River in the north of the Northern Territory.


Maridjabin

A dialect of Brinken, a non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken at Daly River in the north of the Northern Territory.


Djamindjung

A Djamindjungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in northern Australia.


Nungali

A Djamindjungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in the Fitzroy River and Kununurra area of northern Australia.


Djeragan

A family of non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing languages of the Kimberley region of Western Australia.


Wunambal

A Wororan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken in the Derby region of Western Australia.


Larrakia

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing language formerly spoken by the Larrakia.


Ngarndji

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken in the Barkly Tableland region of northern Australia.


Bunaban

A family of non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing languages spoken at Fitzroy Crossing in the north of Western Australia.


Nyulnyul

An extinct Nyulnyulan Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.


Bunaba

A Bunaban Australian Aboriginal prefixing language spoken at Fitzroy Crossing in the north of Western Australia.


Djingili

A non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken in the Newcastle Waters and Elliott region of northern Australia.


Garawan

A family of non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing languages spoken in the Borroloola region of northern Australia.


Wororan

A family of non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing languages spoken in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.


Watjari

A prominent dialect of Nyunga, used as a lingua franca in the Mount Magnet and Geraldton regions of Western Australia.


Ngarluma

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken at Roebourne in the Pilbara region of Western Australia; closely related to Yindjibarndi.


Mudbura

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken in the Newcastle Waters and Elliott region of the Northern Territory.


Wakaya

An extinct Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language formerly spoken in the Barkly Tableland region of the Northern Territory.


Minkinan

An extinct non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language family formerly located in the Burketown region of Queensland, of which Minkin is the sole member.


Wanman

Western Desert language
Western Desert language

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken in the Marble Bar region of Western Australia; closely related to the Western Desert language.


Waramanga

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken in the Barkly Tableland region of the Northern Territory.


Warluwara

An extinct Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language formerly spoken in southwestern Queensland.


Paman

Of or relating to the Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal languages spoken in the Cape York region of northern Queensland.


Alyawarra

An Arandic Australian Aboriginal suffixing language originally from northeast of Alice Springs in the Northern Territory.


Djamindjungan

A family of non-Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal prefixing languages spoken in northern Australia.


Kalkatungu

An extinct Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language formerly spoken in the Mount Isa region of Queensland.


Ngaliwuru

A Djamindjungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in the Victoria River area of northern Australia.


Ngarinman

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken in the Wave Hill and Victoria River regions of the Northern Territory.


Arabana

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken in the Lake Eyre region of South Australia.


Narinjari

/ŋəˈrɪndʒəriː/


Narrinyeri

/ŋəˈrɪndʒəriː/


Nyungan

Of or relating to the Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal languages spoken in the southwestern region of Western Australia.


Tharawal

The extinct Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language, within the Yuin-Kuric group, formerly spoken in the coastal region south of Sydney, New South Wales.


Yuin-Kuric

Of or relating to an extinct group of Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal languages and/or dialects of coastal New South Wales, including Awabakal, Dharuk, Kuringgai, and Tharawal.


Wiradjuric

Of or relating to a group of Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal languages and/or dialects of inland New South Wales, including Gamilaraay and Wiradjuri.


Pama-Maric

Of or relating to a group of Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal languages and/or dialects spoken over much of Queensland, including Kuuk-Thaayorre, Wik-Mungkan, and Guugu Yimidhirr.


Kunjen

A Pama-Maric Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken in the Mitchell River region of Queensland.


Australian Pidgin English

Port Jackson Pidgin English
Port Jackson Pidgin English

A pidgin formerly used between Australian Aboriginal peoples and non-Aboriginal settlers in Australia, beginning with Port Jackson Pidgin English and developing into Australian Kriol.


Murngic

Of or relating to a group of Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal languages and/or dialects spoken in northeastern Arnhem Land by the Yolngu people.


Dyirbalic

Of or relating to a group of eight Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal languages and/or dialects spoken in the region of Cairns and the Atherton Tableland, Queensland.


Lamalama

/ˈlʌməˌlʌmə/

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in eastern Cape York Peninsula, Queensland.


Port Jackson Pidgin English

Australian Pidgin English
Australian Pidgin English

A former pidgin used between Australian Aboriginal peoples and non-Aboriginal settlers in the Sydney area in the early days of the British settlement of Australia; later developing into the more widespread Australian Pidgin English.


Kuku-Ya'u

A Pama-Maric Australian Aboriginal suffixing language spoken in the Lockhart River region of Queensland.


Australian Kriol

A creole language widely spoken by Australian Aborigines in Arnhem Land; originating in a creolisation of Australian Pidgin English.


Kulinic

Of or relating to a group of Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal languages and/or dialects spoken in central Victoria by the Kulin people.


Wangkatjunga

An alternate name for Martu Wangka (a Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in central Australia; formed from the intermingling of dialects of the Western Desert language group in the region of Jigalong, Western Australia).


Kukatja

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in Port Augusta area of South Australia; a major dialect of the Western Desert language group.


Yulparirra

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in central Australia; usually considered a dialect of the Western Desert language group.


Pintubi

(obsolescent) Alternative spelling of Pintupi


Yaralde

The Australian Aboriginal suffixing language Ngarrindjeri, or a dialect of it.


Martu Wangka

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language spoken in central Australia; formed from the intermingling of dialects of the Western Desert language group in the region of Jigalong, Western Australia.


Kartutjara

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language; one of the principle components of Martu Wangka, part of the Western Desert language group.


Luritja

A Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal language of the Luritja; part of the Western Desert language group.


Kayapo

An indigenous people of Brazil, inhabiting a vast area spreading across the states of Pará and Mato Grosso, south of the Amazon River and along Xingu River and its tributaries.


Chatthi

Alternative form of Chatti (“Germanic tribe”)


Carijona

Borrowed from Spanish Carijona, itself borrowed from Carijona karihona (“Carijona-speaker, person”), from Proto-Cariban *karipona (“person”). Doublet of Carib, cannibal, caribe, Garifuna, and Kari'na.


Stephenie

A female given name, variant of Stephanie


The Scum

Used since the Hillsborough disaster of 1989, which The Sun falsely blamed on Liverpool FC fans, leading to a boycott in Liverpool.


RoseAnne

Alternative form of Roseanne; A female given name


Bethan

Shortened form of Bethany, from Ancient Greek Βηθανία (Bēthanía), from Aramaic בית עניא (beth anya, “house of wretchedness”).

der

A female given name from Aramaic, variant of Bethany, transferred use of the biblical place name.


Budweiser

[...] the inhabitants of Budweis identified primarily as Budweisers and loyal subjects of the Habsburg Empire.

2017, Irina Livezeanu, Árpád von Klimó, editors, The Routledge History of East Central Europe Since 1700, page 34:

A denizen of Budweis (Budovicium), Bohemia.


Bophuthatswanan

A native or inhabitant of Bophuthatswana.


Dundas

en-proper-noun

Dundas (countable and uncountable, plural Dundases)

Dundas
Dundas Castle
en:Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville

The Scottish name is from Scottish Gaelic, from Old Irish dùn (“fort”) + deas (“south”), perhaps via Dundas Castle, while the places in Canada are named after Lord Melville, Henry Dundas, a Scottish politician.

Greater Toronto Area
Greater Toronto Area#English

Ellipsis of Dundas Street.; A street in Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada


below the gangway

(UK politics) On the benches in the House of Commons located past the central aisle and relatively far from the Speaker, generally occupied by minority groups not belonging to either the government or the Shadow Cabinet.


Awkward Bench

Described as 'a sabre-toothed growler on Labour's awkward bench' (Robert Hardman), he sits alongside Dennis Skinner a mere arm's length from the Chief Whip, whom, in opposition during the 1992 Parliament, he defied 52 times, […]

1999, Robert Waller, Byron Criddle, The Almanac of British Politics, page 288:

I am pleased that he is on the awkward Bench and hope to see him here in future.

2005, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons, Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), page 451:

(UK politics, slang) The front row of seats below the gangway on the Labour side of the House of Commons, where rebel MPs often sit.


Lotuko

The Eastern Nilotic language of these people.


Hatty

A diminutive of the female given name Harriet


Hejazian

A native or inhabitant of the Hejaz region.


Maipure

A language once spoken along the Ventuari, Sipapo, and Autana rivers of Amazonas and, as a lingua franca, in the Upper Orinoco region. It became extinct around the end of the 18th century.


Urak Lawoi'

A language of southern Thailand, belonging to the Malayic group of Austronesian languages.


Venedikt

From Russian Венеди́кт (Venedíkt). Doublet of Benedict.


Cassander

From κέκασμαι (kékasmai, “to shine; excel over”) and ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man”). In turn, the name means "one who excels over man."


clanspeak

Carl understood clanspeak, of course, but only someone with two independent sets of vocal chords could speak it fluently.

2010, Edward M. Lerner, InterstellarNet: New Order:

He spoke the grymjek, the clanspeak, better than Anna's own father.

National Geographic: The hidden world of whale culture https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/the-hidden-world-of-whale-culture-feature
CLANSPEAK
Members of a sperm whale family near the Caribbean island of Dominica are part of a clan that's culturally distinct from others. Each clan communicates in its own dialect of click patterns, like Morse code.

(rare, chiefly fantasy) The language or dialect of a certain clan.


Apostolos

Unadapted borrowing from Ancient Greek Απόστολος (Apóstolos).


Elatha

(Irish mythology) A king of the Fomorians and the father of Bres by Ériu of the Tuatha Dé Danann, as well as Delbaeth, Ogma, Elloth (grandfather of Manannán mac Lir), and the Dagda by an unnamed mother.


Eliphalet

der

Hebrew אֱלִיפָלֶת


Elihu

(secret society): Named after Elihu Yale.


Emeline

A female given name from the Germanic languages, a form of Emmeline.


Erromintxela

The distinctive language of a group of Romani living in the Basque Country.


Ninian

A male given name, probably from Saint Ninian.


Eteocretan

A pre-Greek language attested in a few alphabetic inscriptions of ancient Crete.


Eudora

Audio (US)


Viossa

en-adj

Viossa (not generally comparable, comparative more Viossa, superlative most Viossa)

more Viossa (comparative)
most Viossa (superlative)

From Viossa viossa, from vi ("we") + glossa ("language").
Note: Discussing etymologies of Viossa words using languages other than Viossa is discouraged by the community, due to the practice of immersion-focused learning.

Of or pertaining to the Viossa language.


Gahrwali

The Indo-Aryan language of these people.


Maggy

A diminutive of the female given name Margaret


Yohan

A male given name, equivalent to English John


Bozza

(UK politics, slang) The British politician and journalist Boris Johnson (born 1964), Mayor of London from 2008 to 2016 and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2019 to 2022.


Shahqoli

Transliteration of Iranian Persian شاهقلی (šâhqoli), from شاهقلی (šāhqulī), from Old Anatolian Turkish.

transliteration

شاهقلی شاهقلی#Persian

A transliteration of the Persian male given name شاهقلی (šâhqoli)


Dunc

I love to have a beer with Duncan / I love to have a beer with Dunc

1980, Pat Alexander (lyrics and music), “Duncan”, performed by Slim Dusty:

A diminutive of the male given name Duncan.


Morshedqoli

Transliteration of Persian مرشدقلی (moršedqoli), from Old Anatolian Turkish.

مرشدقلی مرشدقلی#Persian

A transliteration of the Persian male given name مرشدقلی (moršedqoli)


Rezaqoli

Transliteration of Persian رضاقلی (rezâqoli), from Old Anatolian Turkish.

رضاقلی رضاقلی#Persian

A transliteration of the Persian male given name رضاقلی (rezâqoli)


Allahqoli

Transliteration of Persian اللهقلی (allâh-qoli), from Old Anatolian Turkish.

اللهقلی اللهقلی#Persian

A transliteration of the Persian male given name اللهقلی (allâh-qoli)


Emamqoli

Transliteration of Persian امامقلی (emâmqoli), from Old Anatolian Turkish.

امامقلی امامقلی#Persian

A transliteration of the Persian male given name امامقلی (emâmqoli)


Aliqoli

Transliteration of Persian علیقلی ('aliqoli), from Old Anatolian Turkish.

علیقلی علیقلی#Persian

A transliteration of the Persian male given name علیقلی ('aliqoli)


red wall

Coined by pollster James Kanagasooriam in August 2019.

coin

Coordinate term: blue wall

Truss claims to have grown up in a “red wall” seat. This is not just a wilful anachronism, it is flatly untrue.

2022 July 18, Martin Pengelly, “I grew up where Liz Truss did, attended the same school. She’s not telling you the truth”, in The Guardian:

(UK politics) A set of constituencies, in the Midlands, Northern England and North East Wales, which have historically tended to support the Labour Party.


Hoseynqoli

Transliteration of Persian حسینقلی (hoseynqoli), from Old Anatolian Turkish.

transliteration

حسینقلی حسینقلی#Persian

A transliteration of the Persian male given name حسینقلی (hoseynqoli)


Buduma

The Chadic language spoken by these people.


Mohammadqoli

Transliteration of Persian محمدقلی (mohammadqoli), from Old Anatolian Turkish.

محمدقلی محمدقلی#Persian

A transliteration of the Persian male given name محمدقلی (mohammadqoli)


Bundeli

Borrowed from Bundeli बुन्देली (bundelī).

bor+

An Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Bundelkhand region of central India.


Byzantian

en-adj

Byzantian (comparative more Byzantian, superlative most Byzantian)

more Byzantian (comparative)
most Byzantian (superlative)

Alternative form of Byzantine (“of or pertaining to Byzantium”)


Byzantian

Alternative form of Byzantine (“native of Byzantium”)


Mellida

"That's no matter," said Mellida, "but I am sure a neater personage is there not in mine eye in all the world. And how far would poor Mellida go to receive one pleasing smile from him?"

1998, Richard Brathwaite, Henry D. Janzen, The Two Lancashire Lovers, page 207:


Sifan

From Oromo Siifan, Siif (“for you”) + an (“I am, me”) = (I am for you).

A female given name from Oromo, (that indicated am for you)


Cowlitz

An indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest.


Cowlitz

A language of the Tsamosan branch of the Coast Salish family of Salishan languages.


Kunza

An extinct language isolate once spoken in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile and southern Peru by the Atacama people.


Vern

A diminutive of the male given name Vernon.


Christabella

From Christ + -bella, by analogy to Isabella and Arabella.


TFG

(US politics, slang) Initialism of "the former guy". Specifically, the former American president Donald Trump.


Emer

From Old Irish Emer; cognate with Irish Eimhear and Scottish Gaelic Eimhir.


Ailie

Though no minister would visit the Skerburnfoot, or, if he went, departed quicker than he came, the girl Ailie attended regular at the catechising at the mains of Sker.

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

(Scotland) A diminutive of the female given name Alison


Westlander

A native or inhabitant of Westland, New Zealand.


Witoto

Ultimately from Proto-Cariban *wɨtoto (“person”), originally applied to the people in question by Cariban-speakers as an exonym.

An indigenous American language or language family spoken in Colombia and Peru.


Dipa

From Hindi दीपा (dīpā), from Sanskrit दीपा (dīpā).


Toi

en:Toi (Polynesian name)
en:Toi (disambiguation)

From Maori Toi, Samoan Toi, and other Polynesian languages.

A male given name from the Polynesian languages

(New Zealand) A male given name from Maori


Toi

A female given name from Louisiana Creole


Col

A diminutive of the male given name Colin


Jur

A language spoken by the Luwo people of the Bahr el Ghazal region in South Sudan.


Jemez

A Tanoan language spoken by the Jemez people.


Elhaz

Learned borrowing from Proto-Germanic *elhaz (“elk”). Doublet of elk.

lbor

Elhaz signifies the elk and the sedge plant, both noted for their ability to protect. Elhaz is considered the most powerful of the runes for protection against those influences we find in conflict with ourselves.

2007, Christina Pratt, An Encyclopedia of Shamanism, volume 2, The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc, →ISBN, page 403: