Abderian

From Abdera (“a town in Thrace”) + -ian.

He regrets that his lines had not fallen in the pleasant places of the past — among the intelligent Abderians of whom it is said, when Hippocrates came to their city to cure Democritus of his madness, not only the men, but also the women and children […] went forth to meet him.

1872, Stephen Smith, Doctor in Medicine: and Other Papers on Professional Subjects:


Abderite

From Latin Abderita, Abderites, from Ancient Greek Ἀβδηρίτης (Abdērítēs).

To that end they entered the borders of the Abderites in another part of Thrace, and wasted and spoiled the country […]

1814, Diodorus, chapter 4, in G. Booth, transl., The Historical Library of Diodorus the Sicilian, volume 2, translation of original in Ancient Greek, page 27:

An inhabitant or native of Abdera, in Thrace.


Traditional Chinese

/tɹəˈdɪʃənəl tʃaɪˈniːz/

Chinese written using the traditional form of Chinese characters, as opposed to Simplified Chinese (introduced by the PRC as script reform).

حُرُوف صِينِيَّة تَقْلِيدِيَّة

Chinese written using traditional characters


Fabian

From Latin Fabiānus (“belonging to Fabius”), derived from Fabius + -ānus.


Simplified Chinese

Chinese written using the forms of Chinese characters introduced by the PRC as script reform. The characters are simplified (with a reduced number of strokes, etc.) compared to their pre-reform shapes.

حُرُوف صِينِيَّة مُبَسَّطَة

Chinese written using simplified characters


first name

Imagine a country where children do nothing but play until they start compulsory schooling at age seven. Then, without exception, they attend comprehensives until the age of 16.[…]Children address teachers by their first names. Even 15-year-olds do no more than 30 minutes' homework a night.

2013 July 19, Peter Wilby, “Finland spreads word on schools”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 30:

Synonym of given name, particularly when it forms the first element of a full name.


Fanny

"My name is Frances. Don't call me Fanny!" "Why not?" "Because it's too absurd to be endured! What does the mere sound of Fanny suggest? A flirting dancing creature - plump and fair, and playful and pretty!"

1883, Wilkie Collins, Heart and Science, Chatto and Windus, page 227:

They listened to the sound of Fanny’s retreating footsteps. ‘Well, well!’ said Marcus. ‘Oh, take no notice Jess. You know what our Frances Maud is like! It’s nothing to cry about!’ To her humiliation Jessamy found there were tears trickling down her cheeks. ‘Always getting worked up about something, Fanny is.’
– page 105:
As she did so Fanny put down her book , stood up and stretched her arms, and at once Jessamy noticed a difference. It was the same Fanny but not the Fanny who climbed trees and tore her frock playing in the garden. It was as though a young lady film had settled over her, neatening her unruly hair, which was tied back with a large black bow, and primly composing her small mouth.

1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published 1993, →ISBN, page 48:

"I spose you want to be a cattleboy," drawled the multicolored beard whose name was Carrol Day, a curiously feminine name, thought Martin, not yet acquaintanced with the bearded Marions, Fannys and Abbys of Texas who, saddled by their unthinking mothers with dainty names, built savagely masculine frames of character.

2002, Annie Proulx, That Old Ace in the Hole, →ISBN, page 81:

A diminutive of Frances, also used as a female given name.


bug-eyed monster

en-noun

bug-eyed monster (plural bug-eyed monsters)

(science fiction, derogatory) An extraterrestrial.


Lemko

The language of this group of Carpatho-Rusyns, which is sometimes considered a dialect of Ukrainian or of Rusyn.


abduction

abduction (countable and uncountable, plural abductions)

From Latin abductiō (“robbing; abduction”), from abdūcō (“take or lead away”), from ab (“away”) + dūcō (“to lead”). Equivalent to abduct + -ion.
* (physiology): From French, from Latin abductus.
* Compare French abduction.

But fear of abduction never stopped a good ufologist.

2010, Monte Dwyer, Red in the Centre: Through a Crooked Lens, Monyer Pty Ltd, page 122:


Acadian

First attested in 1705. From Acadia + -n (“one that is”).

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

A native of Acadia or their descendants who moved to Louisiana; a Cajun.

(Canada) A descendant of the settlers of the French colony of Acadia in current eastern Canada. More specifically a speaker of Acadian French.


Acadian

In many places, Acadian has been supplanted by English and by Standard French.

(rare) Ellipsis of Acadian French.: the form of French spoken in Acadia.

The Burgess Shale contains fossils of very odd organisms that lived during the Acadian.

(geology) The Middle Cambrian epoch, lasting from 497 million years ago to 509 million years ago.


abbey

From A.D. 1250 in Middle English abbey, abbeye (“convent headed by an abbot”) (compare archaic English abbaye), itself borrowed from Old French abaïe, abbaïe, abeïe, abbeïe (Modern French abbaye) from Late Latin or Ecclesiastical Latin abbātia, from Classical Latin abbās (“abbot”). Doublet of abbacy and Opatija. See abbot.

From 1199 to 1203 William Punchard was the abbot of the abbey of Rievaulx, which was part of the Cistercian order of monks.

A monastery or society of people, secluded from the world and devoted to religion and celibacy, which is headed by an abbot or abbess; also, the monastic building or buildings.


Abyssinian

Our men are frightened of these Abyssinian women.

2019, Maaza Mengiste, The Shadow King, Canongate Books (2020), page 335:

(dated, usually capitalized) Of or pertaining to Ethiopia or its inhabitants; Ethiopian.


Abyssinian

A short-haired domestic cat descended from cats of ancient Egypt making it one of the oldest breeds in the world; Abyssinian cat.


Abyssinian

Abyssinian gold

an alloy of 90.74 parts of copper and 8.33 parts of zinc


April

→ Arabic: أَبْرِيل (ʔabrīl)

→ Bengali: এপ্রিল (epril)

→ Burmese: ဧပြီ (e-pri)

→ Dari: اپریل (epril)

→ Hausa: Afrilu

→ Hawaiian: ʻApelila

→ Hindi: अप्रैल (aprail)

→ Malay: April

→ Maori: Āperire

→ Marshallese: Eprōļ

→ Tokelauan: Apelila

→ Turkish: april

From Middle English apprile, Aprill, re-Latinised from Middle English aueril, from Old French avrill, from Latin Aprīlis (“of the month of the goddess Venus”), perhaps based on Etruscan 𐌀𐌐𐌓𐌖 (apru), from Ancient Greek Ἀφροδίτη (Aphrodítē, “Venus”). Displaced native Old English ēastermōnaþ (literally “Easter month”).

ncog

I'm April Hooper. That sounds silly, the April part, but my mother was English and she always said there was nothing prettier than an English April.

1947, Hilda Laurence, Death of a Doll, page 27:

A female given name transferred from the month name [in turn from English]; used since the early 20th century.


December

December
December Murders
December Revolution
Decembrist Revolt

Bislama: desemba

Pitcairn-Norfolk: Disemba

Tok Pisin: Desemba

→ Bengali: ডিসেম্বর (ḍiśembor)

→ Burmese: ဒီဇင်ဘာ (dijangbha)

→ Chichewa: Disembala

→ Dari: دسمبر (desembar)

→ Dhivehi: ޑިސެމްބަރު (ḍisem̊baru)

→ Hausa: Disamba

→ Hawaiian: Kēkēmapa

→ Hindi: दिसंबर (disambar)

→ Malay: Disember

→ Maori: Tīhema

→ Marathi: डिसेंबर (ḍisembar)

→ Swahili: Desemba, Disemba

→ Tokelauan: Tēhema

From Middle English December, Decembre, from Old French decembre, from Latin december (“tenth month”), from Latin decem (“ten”); + Latin -ber, from -bris, an adjectival suffix; December was the tenth month in the Roman calendar.

But others were less than thrilled with this new gizmo, particularly its addictive qualities. There were reports of breakups threatened and consummated over it. “Our marriage or your Sony,” one woman told her husband, who duly sold the Walkman to a bachelor friend. A young woman named December Cole, a sales executive at a beauty magazine, recalled a trip to Atlantic City with "a basically rude" man who wouldn't stop "bopping around to his own music."

2017, Rebecca Tuhus-Dubrow, Personal Stereo, →ISBN, page 45:

(rare) A female given name transferred from the month name [in turn from English].


eagle

From Middle English egle, from Anglo-Norman egle, from Old French aigle, from Latin aquila. Displaced native Middle English ern, earn, arn, from Old English earn (“eagle”). More at erne.

(US, numismatics, historical) A gold coin with a face value of ten dollars, formerly used in the United States.


Polish

Vinokur pulled the trigger a second and third time. "You're lying, you Polish cunt!" he screamed.

2007, Elazar Barkan, Elizabeth A. Cole, Kai Struve, Shared History, Divided Memory, page 287:

As we mentioned the only chemical used in Polish meats or sausages was potassium nitrate even though the list of food additives allowed in Europe was long and impressive.

2009, Stanley Marianski, Adam Marianski, Miroslaw Gebarowski, Polish Sausages: Authentic Recipes and Instructions, page 13:

Of, from or native to Poland, or relating to the Polish language.

pollanda

relating to inhabitants of Poland; citizens

პოლონური

relating to everything except the people


Edward

From Middle English Edward, from Old English Ēadweard, from Proto-West Germanic *Audawardu, from Proto-Germanic *Audawarduz, corresponding to ed (“wealth, riches”) + ward (“ward, guard”).

The Christian humility of King Edward the Confessour brought such credit to this name, that since that time it hath been most usual in all estates.

1605, William Camden, Remains Concerning Britain, John Russell Smith, published 1870, page 77:

Heaven is my witness! that in the warmest transport of my wishes for the prosperity of my child, I never once wished to crown his head with more glory and honour than what George or Edward would have spread around it.

1765, Laurence Sterne, chapter 8, in Tristram Shandy, Book IV:

There's a world of difference between the name Edward, which sounds rather regal and stuffy (Edwardian) and the name Eddie, which sounds like a guy on the bus.

1994, Caroline Knapp, The Merry Recluse: A Life in Essays, Counterpoint Press, published 2004, →ISBN, page 169:


June

Bislama: jun

Pitcairn-Norfolk: Juun

Tok Pisin: Jun

→ Assamese: জুন (zun)

→ Bengali: জুন (jun)

→ Burmese: ဇွန် (jwan)

→ Chichewa: Juni

→ Dari: جون (jun)

→ Hausa: Yuni

→ Hawaiian: Iune

→ Hindi: जून (jūn)

→ Malay: Jun

→ Maori: Hune

→ Marshallese: Juun

→ Swahili: Juni

→ Tokelauan: Iuni

→ Tongan: Sune

→ Zulu: uJuni

From Middle English June, june, re-Latinised variants of earlier Middle English Juyn, juyng, from Old French juing, juin, from Latin iūnius, the month of the goddess Iuno (“Juno”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yéwHō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyu (“vital force, youthful vigor”).

der

Her parents were old, really old. That's why they'd given her such an old-fashioned name. June, because she was born in June. If she'd been born in November would they have called her November? June was a name for women in sitcoms and soap operas, the name of women who knit with synthetic wool and follow recipes that use cornflakes, not the name of a thirty-year-old with a ring in her nose ('Oh, June'.)

2002, Kate Atkinson, Not the End of the World, Doubleday, →ISBN, page 29:

A female given name transferred from the month name [in turn from English], for a girl born in June, used since the end of the 19th century.


June

For quotations using this term, see Citations:June.

A male given name, or more often nickname, for a boy who is junior to someone else, especially someone with the same name, such as his father.


nu

en-noun

nu (countable and uncountable, plural nus)

From Ancient Greek νῦ (nû), name for the letter of the Greek alphabet Ν (N) and ν (n).

The letter of the Greek alphabet Ν (N) and ν (n).

نُو

name for the letter of the Greek alphabet: Ν and ν


Esperanto

/ˌɛspəˈɹæntəʊ/

/ˌɛspəˈɹɑːntəʊ/

/ˌɛspəˈɹæntoʊ/

/ˌɛspəˈɹɑntoʊ/

Learned borrowing from Esperanto Esperanto. Originally, this was the pseudonym assumed by the language's creator, L. L. Zamenhof, and the language was called Lingvo Internacia (“international language”). The term first appears in the publication Science in 1892.

lbor

For quotations using this term, see Citations:Esperanto.

An international auxiliary language designed by L. L. Zamenhof.


February

en-proper noun

February (plural Februaries or Februarys)

Bislama: februari

Jamaican Creole: Febiweri

Pitcairn-Norfolk: Febyuweri

Tok Pisin: februeri

→ Alabama: Febwiiri

→ Bengali: ফেব্রুয়ারি (phebruẏari)

→ Burmese: ဖေဖော်ဝါရီ (hpehpauwari)

→ Dari: فبروری (febroari)

→ Fiji Hindi: february

→ Fijian: Veveruei

→ Gilbertese: Beberuare

→ Gujarati: ફેબ્રુઆરી (phebruārī)

→ Hausa: Fabrairu

→ Hawaiian: Pepeluali

→ Hindi: फ़रवरी (faravrī)

→ Igbo: february

→ Inuktitut: ᕕᐳᐊᕆ (fipoari)

→ Kannada: ಫೆಬ್ರುವರಿ (phebruvari)

→ Malay: Februari

→ Malayalam: ഫെബ്രുവരി (phebruvari)

→ Maori: Pēpuere

→ Marathi: फेब्रुवारी (phebruvārī)

→ Marshallese: Pāpode

→ Odia: ଫେବୃଆରୀ (phebruāri)

→ Samoan: fepuari

→ Sinhalese: පෙබරවාරි (pebarawāri)

→ Swahili: Februari

→ Tahitian: fepuare

→ Tamil: பெப்ரவரி (pepravari)

→ Telugu: ఫిబ్రవరి (phibravari)

→ Tokelauan: Fepuali

→ Tongan: Fēpueli

desc

→ Urdu: فروری

→ Urdu: فروری

→ Xhosa: Februwari

→ Yoruba: february

→ Zulu: iFebruwari

From Middle English Februarie, februari, februare, from Latin Februārius (“the month of the Februa”), from Februa (“the Purgings, the Purifications”), a Roman holiday two days after its ides (i.e., Feb. 15), + -arius (“-ary: forming adjectives”). Februa from februum (“purging”), from an earlier Sabine [Term?] word, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“smoke, haze”) and thus cognate with thio- (“sulfurous”) and Ancient Greek θεῖον (theîon, “sulfur”) or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰris, an extension of the root *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”) and thus cognate with fever and febris. A relatinization abandoning Middle English feoverel, from Old French feverier, which itself displaced Old English solmōnaþ (“mud month”).

der

“Cheryl, the man in this photo is a Mr. Dennis Lowe. He worked for a computer software company and he was married. He was impersonating a police officer, a real one by the name of Alexander Colton. He was doing this because he's obsessed with a woman named February—” Nowakowski stopped talking because Cheryl Sheckle's body jerked violently and she let out a muted cry. […] “It isn't a nickname, Cheryl. It's a real person, her name is February Owens and he's been obsessed with her since they went to high school together.”


AM

en-noun

AM (countable and uncountable, plural AMs)

(UK politics, historical) Initialism of Assembly Member. (A title similar to MP, placed after the name of a Member of the Welsh National Assembly.)


July

Bislama: julae

Pitcairn-Norfolk: Juulai

Tok Pisin: Julai

→ Assamese: জুলাই (zulai)

→ Bengali: জুলাই (julai)

→ Burmese: ဇူလိုင် (juluing)

→ Chichewa: Julaye

→ Dari: جولای (julây)

→ Fijian: Jiulai

→ Gilbertese: Turai

→ Hausa: Yuli

→ Hawaiian: Iulai

→ Hindi: जूलाई (jūlāī)

→ Inuktitut: ᔪᓚᐃ (yolai)

→ Malay: Julai

→ Maori: Hūrae

→ Marathi: जुलै (julai)

→ Marshallese: Juļae

→ Odia: ଜୁଲାଇ (julāi)

→ Pashto: جولای (ǰolãy)

→ Pennsylvania German: Tschulei

→ Samoan: iulai

→ Swahili: Julai

→ Tahitian: tiurai

→ Telugu: జూలై (jūlai)

→ Tokelauan: Iulai

→ Tongan: Siulai

→ Tumbuka: julayi

desc

→ Urdu: جولائ (jūlāī)

→ Urdu: جولائ (jūlāī)

From Middle English Julie, julye, iulius, from Anglo-Norman julie, from Old French jule, juil, from Latin iūlius (Gaius Julius Caesar's month), perhaps a contraction of *Iovilios, "descended from Jove".

By 1880, in his early to middle twenties, he had married a literate woman named July, who would be his first of three wives. Riley continued to live close to his parents, James and Frances, whose house was just three doors down and who still had four of their own children living with them in addition to a grandson.

2004, Eric Arnesen, The Human Tradition in American Labor History, →ISBN, page 73:

In Prairie County, Arkansas, in March 1863, a black woman named July, born free in Tennessee but under indenture to a white man until she turned twenty-one, was brought before a circuit court when she was just short of reaching her age of freedom.

2003, William C. Davis, Look Away!: A History of the Confederate States of America, →ISBN, page 153:

(uncommon) A female given name from English.


Irish

From Middle English Irish (12th c.), from Old English *Īrisċ, from Old English Īras (“Irishmen”), from Old Norse Írar, from Old Irish Ériu (modern Irish Éire (“Ireland”)), further origin heavily debated but probably from Proto-Celtic *Φīweriyū (“fat land, fertile”), from Proto-Indo-European *péyh₂wr̥ (“fat, swelling”), from *peyh₂- (“to swell; to be fat”), akin to Ancient Greek πίειρα (píeira, “fertile land”), Sanskrit पीवरी (pīvarī, “fat”).

cog

Irish is the first official and national language of Ireland.

(uncountable) The Gaelic language indigenous to Ireland, also known as Irish Gaelic.

America used to love dams... Yes, and we built those dams with ingenuity and brawn and, of course, piles and piles of dead Irish.

2015 March 1, “Infrastructure”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 2, episode 4, John Oliver (actor), via HBO:

A female given name of chiefly Philippine usage.


Irish

en-adj

Irish (comparative more Irish, superlative most Irish)

more Irish (comparative)
most Irish (superlative)


October

Bislama: oktoba

Pitcairn-Norfolk: Oktoeba

Tok Pisin: Oktoba

→ Bengali: অক্টোবর (okṭōbor)

→ Burmese: အောက်တိုဘာ (auktuibha)

→ Chichewa: Okutobala

→ Dari: اکتوبر (oktôbar)

→ Hausa: Oktoba

→ Hawaiian: ʻOkakopa

desc

→ Hindi: अक्टूबर (akṭūbar), अक्तूबर (aktūbar)

→ Malay: Oktober

→ Maori: Oketopa

→ Marshallese: Oktoba

→ Niuean: Okitopa

→ Serer: Oktoba

→ Shughni: اکتوبر (oktobar)

→ Swahili: Oktoba

→ Tokelauan: Oketopa

→ Tongan: ʻOkatopa

→ Tuvaluan: Okitopa

→ Wallisian: ʻOkitopa

→ Xamtanga: Oktoobar

From Middle English, borrowed from Old French octobre, from Latin Octōber (“eighth month”), from Latin octō (“eight”), from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw (“twice four”); + Latin -ber, from -bris, an adjectival suffix; October was the eighth month in the Roman calendar.

der

The other one [book] I just read is October Suite by Maxine Clair (Random House, $23.95). It's about a woman named October. She's a young black schoolteacher in the 1950s ...

2002 January, Cincinnati Magazine, volume 35, number 4, page 138:

From somewhere in the distance came the screaming whine of an emergency vehicle's siren. Lance flipped open his phone. “Get me the address of a woman named October Guinness . . . That's right, October,” he said again, [...]

2009, C.S. Graham, The Archangel Project, →ISBN, page 31:

(rare) A female given name transferred from the month name.


January

Bislama: januware

Jamaican Creole: janiweri

Pitcairn-Norfolk: jaenyuweri

Tok Pisin: janueri

→ Bengali: জানুয়ারি (januẏari)

→ Burmese: ဇန်နဝါရီ (janna.wari)

→ Chichewa: Januwale

desctree

→ Dari: جنوری (janoari)
→ Urdu: جنوری (janvarī)

→ Dhivehi: ޖެނުއަރީ (jenuarī)

→ Fijian: Janueri

→ Fiji Hindi: january

→ Gilbertese: Tianuari

→ Gujarati: જાન્યુઆરી (jānyuārī)

→ Hausa: Janairu

→ Hawaiian: Ianuali

→ Hindi: जनवरी (janavrī)

→ Igbo: january

→ Inuktitut: ᔭᓐᓄᐊᓕ (yannoali)

→ Javanese: januar, januari

→ Kannada: ಜನವರಿ (janavari)

→ Kongo: yanwadi

→ Lingala: yanwáli

→ Malagasy: janoary

→ Malay: Januari
Indonesian: Januari
→ Banjarese: Januari
→ Banyumasan: Januari
→ Buginese: januari
→ Gorontalo: Januari
→ Minangkabau: Januari
→ Sundanese: Januari

→ Malayalam: ജനുവരി (januvari)

→ Maori: Hānuere

→ Marathi: जानेवारी (jānevārī)

→ Marshallese: Jānwōde

→ Odia: ଜାନୁଆରୀ (jānuāri)

→ Pashto: جنوري

→ Punjabi: ਜਨਵਰੀ (janvarī)

→ Samoan: ianuari

→ Sinhalese: ජනවාරි (janawāri)

→ Swahili: Januari

→ Tagalog: January

→ Tahitian: tēnuare

→ Tamil: ஜனவரி (jaṉavari)

→ Telugu: జనవరి (janavari)

→ Tokelauan: Ianuali

→ Tongan: Sānuali

→ Tumbuka: Janyuwale

→ Yoruba: Jánúárì

/ˈd͡ʒænjuˌɛɹi/

/ˈd͡ʒænjuˌæɹi/

/ˈd͡ʒænjʉˌeːɹi/

/ˈd͡ʒænjəɹi/

/ˈd͡ʒɪnəˌwɛəɹi/

/ˈd͡ʒɪnəˌweɪɹi/

From Middle English Januarie, januari, re-latinised forms of Middle English Janevere, Ieneuer, from Anglo-Norman genever, from Latin Iānuārius (“(month) of Janus”), a compound of Iānus ("Janus") + -ārius (adjectival suffix), with the first element perhaps from the Proto-Indo-European root *yeh₂- (“to go”). Doublet of Gennaro.

com

“Hi, January!” Lynn calls. “Happy birthday!”


pseudonym

Back-formation from pseudonymous, from French pseudonyme (“pseudonymous”, adjective), from Ancient Greek ψευδώνυμος (pseudṓnumos), from ψευδής (pseudḗs, “false”) and ὄνυμα (ónuma), a dialectal form of ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”). By surface analysis, pseudo- + -onym.

der

The Reverend Charles Lutwidge Dodgson wrote "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll.

I doubt, indeed, whether I should not abandon the struggle altogether—leave this sad world of ordinary life for which I am so ill fitted, abandon the name of Cummins for some professional pseudonym, complete my self-effacement, and—a thing of tricks and tatters, of posing and pretence—go upon the stage.

c. 1911, H. G. Wells, The Obliterated Man:

The best example of its literary use so far are the German novel The Golem, by Gustav Meyrink, and the drama The Dybbuk, by the jewish writer using the pseudonym "Ansky".

1928, H.P. Lovecraft, Supernatural Horror in Literature:

A fictitious name (more literally, a false name), as those used by writers and movie stars.

allonym

another person's actual name adopted as a pseudonym


fiscal

From Middle French fiscal, from Latin fiscus (“treasury”) – see fiscus and fisc.

Procurator fiscal
procurator fiscal#English

(Scots law) Procurator fiscal, a public prosecutor.


September

September
September Group
September Massacres

Bislama: septemba

Pitcairn-Norfolk: Septemba

Tok Pisin: Septemba

→ Bengali: সেপ্টেম্বর (śepṭembor)

→ Chichewa: Sepitembala

→ Dari: سپتمبر (septembar)

→ Hausa: Satumba

→ Hawaiian: Kepakemapa

→ Hindi: सितंबर (sitambar)

→ Malay: September

→ Maori: Hepetema

→ Marshallese: Jeptōm̧ba

→ Swahili: Septemba

→ Tokelauan: Hetema

→ Tongan: Sēpitema

From Middle English, from late Old English, from Old French septembre, Latin September (“seventh month”), from septem (“seven”), from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥ (“seven”); + Latin -ber, from -bris, an adjectival suffix; September was the seventh month in the Roman calendar.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:September.

(rare) A female or male given name transferred from the month name [in turn from English].


Cameroon

Alteration of Cameron, influenced by -oon.

He fears that in downplaying traditional Conservative causes, in changing the party to be more in tune with modern Britain, the Cameroons have in effect accepted that they won't change the country much in office.

2007 March 21, Andy Beckett, “The Cameroons”, in The Guardian:

Today, I spy a coalition outrider: Nick Boles, MP for Grantham, founder of Policy Exchange and the archetypal Cameroon ultra-modernizer. I don’t think Boles even owned a tie until he was elected to the House of Commons. That’s how much of a Cameroon the man is.

2010 September 13, Iain Martin, “Nick Boles: The Coalition’s Cameroon Outrider”, in Wall Street Journal:

Maude was a moderniser before modernity dawned in the Tory ranks, a Cameroon before David Cameron.

2012 March 30, James Chapman, “Gorgeous George and why Ed Miliband must now pray Ken Livingstone wins London”, in Daily Mail:

Mr Cameron won significantly smaller vote shares than either Theresa May or Boris Johnson. There are not many Cameroons in Britain. Outside some newspaper op-ed pages, there never were.

2023 November 13, Bagehot, “What David Cameron's return says about British politics”, in Economist:

(UK politics) A Conservative Party member with green or social liberal leanings, supporting the policies of David Cameron.


Kiribati

→ Japanese: キリバス (Kiribasu)

Gilbert Islands
Kiribati
fr:Ernest Sabatier

From Gilbertese Kiribati, from English Gilberts adapted to Gilbertese phonotactics, a shortening of Gilbert Islands. First entry in the Dictionnaire gilbertin-français of Ernest Sabatier (1954).

The Micronesian language spoken in Kiribati.


alien

From Middle English alien, a borrowing from Old French alien, aliene, from Latin aliēnus (“belonging to someone else”, later “exotic, foreign”), from Latin alius (“other”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos. Related to English else.

You might not have much use for me. You spend too much time with the damn aliens, pretending your time in the gangs back on Earth never happened. I know you weren't happy when I found you at the Citadel a couple years back.
But I'm glad you're on this. I hope you find whoever took my people on Freedom's Progress and kick their scaly asses. I'm glad it's a human finding these bastards.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Hello from the Reds:

Any life form of extraterrestrial or extradimensional origin.


alien

en-adj

alien (comparative more alien, superlative most alien)

more alien (comparative)
most alien (superlative)

alien subjects, enemies, property, or shores

Not belonging to the same country, land, or government, or to the citizens or subjects thereof; foreign.


Mexican

From Spanish mexicano, from Nahuatl mēxihcah plural of mēxihcatl (“a Mexica”) + -ano (“-an”).

"You see, I never learned to speak Spanish, but speak Mexican fluently," he says disarmingly.

1970, Stan Steiner, La raza: the Mexican Americans, page 224:

You really scare me when you speak Mexican.

1998, Richard Montoya, Ricardo Salinas, Herbert Siguenza, Culture Clash: Life, Death, and Revolutionary Comedy, page 23:

I didn't speak much Mexican, but I savvied a lot more than I could speak and picked the word banditos out of their conversation.

2000, Ben K. Green, The Village Horse Doctor: West of the Pecos, page 87:

DON COLLIER: Hey, you want to talk Mexican, join another tank, a Mexican tank.

2014, David Ayer, Fury, Columbia Pictures:

Fox News issued an apology on Sunday for an on-screen graphic that mistakenly indicated President Donald Trump was reducing aid to "three Mexican countries."

2019, Claire Atkinson, “Fox News apologizes for graphic about '3 Mexican countries'”, in NBC News:

What kind of Mexican are you?

(US, slang, offensive) A person from, or of descent from, any Spanish-speaking country.

(Australia, slang, chiefly New South Wales, Queensland) A Victorian (a person from the state of Victoria).

(Australia, slang, Queensland) A person from either of the southern states of New South Wales and Victoria.

I'm hungry, want to go out for Mexican?

(uncountable) Mexican or Mexican-derived cuisine; whether traditional Mexican food or Tex-Mex, etc.


Mauritius

→ Japanese: モーリシャス (Mōrishasu)

Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange
Mauritius

From a Latinized form of the name of Maurits van Nassau.

A male given name of historical usage, found e.g. in St. Mauritius.


November

Bislama: novemba

Pitcairn-Norfolk: Nowemba

Tok Pisin: Novemba

→ Bengali: নভেম্বর (nobhembor)

→ Burmese: နိုဝင်ဘာ (nuiwangbha)

→ Chichewa: Novembala

→ Dari: نومبر (novembar)

→ Dhivehi: ނޮވެމްބަރު (novem̊baru)

→ Hausa: Nuwamba

→ Hawaiian: Nowemapa

→ Hindi: नवंबर (navambar)

→ Malay: November

→ Maori: Noema

→ Marshallese: Nobōm̧ba

→ Swahili: Novemba

→ Tokelauan: Novema

→ Tongan: Nōvema

→ Yoruba: Nùfẹ́ḿbà

From Middle English Novembre, from Old French novembre, from Latin November (“ninth month”), from Latin novem, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥ (“nine”); + Latin -ber, from -bris, an adjectival suffix. November was the ninth month in the Roman calendar.
Displaced native Old English blōtmōnaþ (literally “sacrifice month”), so called because the Anglo-Saxons, when they were pagans, would sacrifice in this month before the winter set in.


France

en-proper noun

France (usually uncountable, plural Frances)

→ Assamese: ফ্ৰান্স (phranso)

→ Hawaiian: Palani

→? Japanese: フランス (Furansu)

→ Kalenjin: Frans

→ Kikuyu: Frans

→ Luhya: Frans

→ Meru: Frans

→ Sotho: France

→ Swahili: Ufaransa

→ Tokelauan: Falani

From Middle English France, from Old French France, from Latin Francia, from Francī, the name of a Germanic tribe, of unclear (but Proto-Germanic) origin. Believed to be most likely from Frankish *Frankō (“a Frank”), from Proto-Germanic *frankô (“javelin”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *preng- (“pole, stalk”). Compare Frank. Displaced native Old English Francland.

der

Alternative form of Frances; A female given name; feminine of Francis.


Interlingua

/ˈɪntə(ɹ)ˌlɪŋɡwə/

Coined possibly independently multiple times in multiple languages, but modern use derives from the Interlingua word. The word itself comes from Latin inter (“between”) + lingua (“language”).

A constructed interlanguage based on Romance languages, English, German, Russian and Latin, developed by the International Auxiliary Language Association, and first published in 1951.


Rwanda

From Rwanda-Rundi u Rwanda from the archaic verb -anda (“to expand”). Compare Zulu anda (“to multiply”).

The standardized dialect of the Bantu language Rwanda-Rundi spoken in Rwanda.


Germany

en-proper noun

Germany (countable and uncountable, plural Germanies or Germanys)

1 BC
1000
1914
1944
750 BC
Germany
Julius Caesar
Strabo
The German Question

From Middle English Germanie, from Old English Germanie & Germania, from Latin Germānia (“land of the Germans”), from Germānī, a people living around and east of the Rhine first attested in the 1st century B.C.E. works of Julius Caesar and of uncertain etymology. The exonym was said by Strabo to derive from germānus (“close kin; genuine”), making it cognate with germane and german, but this seems unsupported. Attempts to derive it from Germanic or Celtic roots since the 18th century are all problematic, although it is perhaps cognate with the Old Irish gair (“neighbour”). Doublet of Germania.
In reference to a medieval kingdom, English Germany is usually an anachronism using the Roman name to describe the area or calquing various Latin terms like rex Teutonicorum ("king of the Teutons"), which were often derogatory exonyms rather than formal titles.

nowrap

1st century <small class='ce-date'>B.C.E.</small>


Israel

→ Japanese: イスラエル (Isuraeru)

From Middle English Israel, from Old English, borrowed from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”). In the Bible, it is said to be from the name יִשְׂרֶה אֵל (yisré 'él) given to Jacob in he:T:29, after which his descendants came to be known as Israelites and their land as the "kingdom/land of Israel". The personal name, already attested in Eblaite 𒅖𒊏𒅋 (iš-ra-il) and Ugaritic 𐎊𐎌𐎗𐎛𐎍 (yšrỉl), has been variously translated as "he wrestles with God", "he prevails with God", or "God rules" (possibly from the same root ש־ר־ה/ש־ר־ר as שָׂרָה (“Sarah”)).
Line 27 of the Merneptah Stele (from about 1200 B.C.E.) is thought to contain the earliest attestation of the name Israel in any language, Egyptian ysrjꜣr.
: i-i-z:Z1s*Z1s:r-i-A-r:Z1*T14-A1*B1:Z2
Doublet of Yisroel.

And he said, Thy name shall be called no more Jacob, but Israel: for as a prince hast thou power with God and with men, and hast prevailed.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 32:28:

Another name for Jacob, notably after Genesis 32:28 and in later references.


UFO

→ Czech: UFO

→ Dutch: ufo

→ Estonian: UFO

→ Finnish: UFO, ufo

→ German: UFO, Ufo

→ Greek: ούφο (oúfo)

→ Italian: UFO

→ Japanese: UFO (yūfō)

→ Norwegian: ufo

→ Portuguese: UFO

→ Swedish: ufo

After the case had been reported in the newspapers, Mrs. Gracindo de Souza, wife of a member of the local stock exchange, told police that she and her daughter had been driving down Alameda Sao Boaventura when they had seen an^([sic]) UFO hovering over the clearing where the bodies were later discovered.

1967, Brad Steiger, Joan Whritenour, “Someone Up There May Not Like Us”, in Flying Saucers Are Hostile, Tandem Publishing, published 1975, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 13:

To my way of thinking, there is every bit as much evidence for the existence of UFOs as there is for the existence of God. Probably far more. At least in the case of UFOs there have been countless taped and filmed—and, by the way, unexplained—sightings from all over the world, along with documented radar evidence seen by experienced military and civilian radar operators.

2004, George Carlin, “THEY CAME FROM OUT OF THE SKY”, in When Will Jesus Bring the Pork Chops?, New York: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 12:

unidentified flying object
unidentified flying object#English

Initialism of unidentified flying object; (loosely) an alien spacecraft.

未確認飛行物体

みかくにんひこうぶったい


Achilles

Borrowed from Latin Achillēs, from Ancient Greek Ἀχιλλεύς (Akhilleús).

(rare) A male given name from Ancient Greek.


India

Indias (plural)
Synonyms: Hindiyyah (canonical)
Hindustan (canonical)
Bharat (canonical)

→ Gujarati: ઈન્ડિયા (īnḍiyā)

→ Hawaiian: ʻĪnia, ʻInia

→ Hindi: इंडिया (iṇḍiyā)

→ Bengali: ইন্ডিয়া (inḍiẏa)

→ Japanese: インディア

→ Kannada: ಇಂಡಿಯಾ (iṇḍiyā)

→ Kashmiri: इंडिया (iṃḍiyā)

→ Korean: 인디아 (india)

→ Malayalam: ഇന്ത്യ (intya)

→ Marathi: इंडिया (iṇḍiyā)

→ Tamil: இந்தியா (intiyā)

→ Telugu: ఇండియా (iṇḍiyā)

Inherited from Old English India, Indea, from Latin India, from Ancient Greek Ἰνδία (Indía), from Ancient Greek Ἰνδός (Indós, “Indus river”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿdūš), from Sanskrit सिन्धु (sindhu), ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”).
Compare Middle English Inde and Ynde from Old French Ynde (original form started to prevail in the 16th century), Classical Persian هند (hind, “India”), Sanskrit सिन्धु (síndhu, “a river, stream”).


Chad

From Middle English Chadde, from Old English Ċeadda, of obscure meaning; name of a seventh-century Anglo-Saxon saint, revived in the 20th century.
The sense of “alpha male” originates from an apparent stereotype that men with such a name tend to bear that temperament, first attested in c. late 1990s in Chicago, Illinois (specifically "successful white man, yuppie"), but in common usage only as of the late 2010s via 4chan slang.

etydate

"What else? Anyway, here's the genealogy: Charles Junior's only son is Charles the Third - like royalty. He goes by Chip - Cassie's daddy. The mom is Cindy. The dead son was Chad - Charles the Fourth."
"All Cs," I said. "Sounds like they like order."

1993, Jonathan Kellerman, Devil's Waltz, Random House, published 1998, →ISBN, page 26:

'He used to be called Trevor Buss.'
'Chad? I don't believe you.' […]
'He changed his name into Muhammad Shahabuddin Ali-Shah.'
'No!'
'He'd insist on the whole name. He played football and his mates got fed up saying, "Pass the ball, Muhammad Shahabuddin Ali-Shah" […] No one passed to him. So he became Chad.'

1995, Hanif Kureishi, The Black Album, Faber and Faber, →ISBN, pages 88, 90:

A male given name from Old English. Also a modern nickname for Charles, Chadwick and similar-sounding names


China

en-proper noun

China (usually uncountable, plural Chinas)

→ Amharic: ቻይና (čayna)

→ Chinese: 猜拿 (Cāiná)

→ Hindi: चाइना (cāinā)

→ Maori: Haina

→ Telugu: చైనా (cainā)

→ Tigre: ቻይና (čayna)

→ Tigrinya: ቻይና (čayna)

→ Tokelauan: Haina

→ Yoruba: Ṣáínà

[ˈt͡ʃ(ʰ)aɪ̯nə]

China (disambiguation)
Colóquios dos simples e drogas da India
Duarte Barbosa
Garcia de Orta
Marco Polo
The Travels of Marco Polo
states of ancient China

From Portuguese China, probably under influence from Old French Chin, from Classical Persian چین (čīn), from Middle Persian 𐭰𐭩𐭭 (Čīn, “China”), from Sanskrit चीन (cīna, “the Chinese; China”) of uncertain etymology. It is usually thought to be derived from Chinese 秦 (Qín) (sm Qín, mc d͡ziɪn, oc *zin, "Qin"), the westernmost ancient Chinese state, but other theories have been proposed, including derivation from 晉／晋 (jìn) (sm Jìn, mc t͡siɪn, oc *ʔsins, "Jin"), another important ancient state; 荊／荆 (jīng) (sm Jīng, mc kˠiæŋ, oc *keŋ, "Chu"), the southernmost ancient Chinese state; or Zina, the endonym of the people of the Yelang kingdom. See "Names of China" and "Chinas" at Wikipedia. As a female name, usually derived via china (“porcelain”) and china doll, ultimately from the same source.

der

My name is China Bayles. I'm the owner of Thyme and Seasons and the co-owner, with Ruby Wilcox, of a new tearoom called Thyme for Tea.

2001, Susan Wittig Albert, chapter 1, in Bloodroot, Berkley Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 3:

'What's her name, this girl?' The fight had hoarsened Lynne's voice, and the words came out strangely staccato - a wooden doll that had just learned to speak.
'China,' he mumbled, feeling an obscure desire to invent a pseudonym for her.
'What an interesting name.'
Angus struck the table edge hard. 'Aw, don't gies it.'
'I don't know what you mean. Or is it a nickname? Fragile, is she?'

2014, Neil D. A. Stewart, The Glasgow Coma Scale, Constable & Robinson, →ISBN, page 159:


Algerian

en-adj

Algerian (comparative more Algerian, superlative most Algerian)

more Algerian (comparative)
most Algerian (superlative)

/ælˈd͡ʒɪɹi.ən/

Of, from, or pertaining to Algeria or the Algerian people.


Myanmar

/ˈmaɪ̯ænˌmɑː/

From Burmese မြန်မာ (mranma), the formal Burmese name of the main ethnic group in Myanmar; ဗမာ (ba.ma), from which Burma is derived, is the informal name. Both Burmese terms are also adjectives meaning "Burmese" (related to Myanmar/Burma, its, people, language, etc). When certain words are attached, the combination may mean specifically Myanmar (Burma) (country) or Burmese (person, language, etc.) - a noun.

The Sino-Tibetan official language of the country of Myanmar.

The script in which the Myanmar language is written.


Indo-European

/ˌɪndəʊˌjʊəɹəˈpiːən/

Coined by English polymath Thomas Young in 1813, from Indo- + European, relating to the geographical extremes in India and Europe (which was valid before the discovery of Tocharian languages in the early 20th century).

coin

A major language family which includes many of the native languages of Europe, Western Asia and India, with notable Indic, Iranian and European sub-branches.

Proto-Indo-European: the hypothetical parent language of the Indo-European language family.


Indo-European

en-adj

Indo-European (comparative more Indo-European, superlative most Indo-European)

more Indo-European (comparative)
most Indo-European (superlative)

/ˌɪndəʊˌjʊəɹəˈpiːən/

Of or relating to the family of languages originally spoken in Europe and Western Asia.

هِنْدِيّ-أُورُوبِيّ

of or relating to languages originally spoken in Europe and Western Asia

Naakáí dootłʼizhí dóó Bééshbichʼahii dabizaad ndahalinígíí

Of or relating to the hypothetical parent language of the Indo-European language family.

հնդեվրոպական

of or relating to hypothetical parent language of Indo-European language family — see also Proto-Indo-European


Yiddish

From Yiddish ייִדיש (yidish), from Yiddish ייִדיש־דוײַטש (yidish-daytsh), cognate with German jüdisch (“Jewish”).

der

ייִדיש־דוײַטש

Holonym: High German

Meronyms: Eastern Yiddish, East Yiddish, Western Yiddish, West Yiddish

Yiddish is a High German language [...] two varieties of Yiddish developed [...]

1983, Philip Baldi, An Introduction to the Indo-European Languages, page 128:

A West Germanic, or more specifically High German, language that developed from Middle High German dialects, with an admixture of vocabulary from multiple source languages including Hebrew-Aramaic, Romance, Slavic, English, etc., and mostly written in Hebrew characters which is used mainly among Ashkenazic Jews from central and eastern Europe.


te

Unspecified script
Appendix:Unspecified script#English

The name of the Unspecified script letter Т / т.


Brazilian

A person from Brazil or of Brazilian descent.

So why get a Brazilian? There are several levels of reasoning beyond what I mentioned in the foreword, but let's discuss the most obvious. Getting a Brazilian wax will make you feel cleaner down there and improve your sex life.

2009, Molly Aldrich, How to Get the Perfect Brazilian Wax […] , iUniverse, →ISBN, page 1:

(informal) Ellipsis of Brazilian wax (“style of pubic hair removal”).


Brazilian

Of, from, or pertaining to Brazil, or the Brazilian people.

Pertaining to full removal of pubic hair.


Zuni

From earlier Zuñi, from American Spanish, from Acoma Western Keres sɨ̂‧ni or a cognate thereof.

A member of a Native American Pueblo people, native to the Zuni River valley.


Zuni

The language traditionally spoken by members of this tribe.


Jordan

en-proper noun

Jordan (countable and uncountable, plural Jordans)

From Latin Iordanēs, from Ancient Greek Ἰορδάνης (Iordánēs), from Biblical Hebrew יַרְדֵּן (yardén, “Jordan (river)”). Doublet of Yarden.

der

I call him Jordan and it will do. He has no other name before or after. What was there to call him, fished as he was from the stinking Thames? A child can't be called Thames, no and not Nile either, for all his likeness to Moses. But I wanted to give him a river name, a name not bound to anything, just as the waters aren't bound to anything.

1989, Jeanette Winterson, Sexing the Cherry, Grove Press, published 1998, →ISBN, pages 3–4:

A male given name from Hebrew; in the Middle Ages given to children baptized with Jordan water brought by crusaders.

A female given name from Hebrew, of mid-20th century and later usage.


Albanian

From Middle French Albanien, from Old French Albanie (“Albania”), from Medieval Latin Albania, from Vulgar Latin Albanus (“Albanian”), from Ancient Greek Ἀλβανοί (Albanoí, “a southern Illyrian tribe”). Compare old Albanian endonym arbën, arbër (“Albanian”).

A person from Albania or of Albanian descent.


Albanian

Caucasian Albanian
Caucasian Albanian#English


Albanian

en-noun

Albanian (countable and uncountable, plural Albanians)

The Albanians honored old-age in all men, death in none, accounting it vnlawfull to mention a dead man; with whom they alſo buried his wealth.

1613, Samuel Purchas, “[Asia.] Of Armenia Maior, and Georgia: and the neighbouring Nations.”, in Purchas His Pilgrimage. Or Relations of the World and the Religions Observed in All Ages and Places Discouered, from the Creation vnto this Present. […], London: […] William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, […], →OCLC, book IV (Of the Armenians, Medes, Persians, Parthians, Scythians, Tartarians, Chinois, and of Their Religions), page 291:


Afghan

/ˈæf(ˌ)ɡɑːn/

Borrowed from Classical Persian افغان (afğān, “Afghan”), from Bactrian αβαγανο (abagano), first attested in the fourth century CE, most likely a compound of *apāka- (“distant, faraway”), from Proto-Iranian *Hapá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hapá (“away”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó + *-āna (“ethnic group”), from Proto-Indo-European *-nós, thus: "people from a distant land". Various scholars have proposed Sanskrit etymologies since the nineteenth century (especially prior to the 2007 publication of earlier Bactrian attestations for the word), but linguist Johnny Cheung notes that these are "extremely difficult to reconcile" with recent evidence pointing to a Bactrian source.

bor+

(historical) A person of Pashtun ethnicity.


Afghan

/ˈæf(ˌ)ɡɑːn/

Pashto, a language primarily spoken by Pashtun people in Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan.


Afghan

/ˈæf(ˌ)ɡɑːn/

Of, from, or pertaining to the Pashtun ethnic community.


name

en-verb

name (third-person singular simple present names, present participle naming, simple past and past participle named)

names (present singular third-person)
naming (participle present)
named (participle past)
named (past)

From Middle English namen, from Old English namian (“to name, mention”) and ġenamian (“to name, call, appoint”), from Proto-West Germanic *namōn (“to name”). Compare also Old English nemnan, nemnian (“to name, give a name to a person or thing”).

my very easy method just speeds up naming planets

The painter was named as an accomplice.

(transitive) To publicly implicate by name.


Catalan

From Middle English Catalane, from French Catalan, from Spanish catalán, from Catalan Catalunya.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:Catalan.

The Romance language of Catalonia, an autonomous region in the northeast of Spain, also spoken in the Valencian autonomous region (where the language is officially named valencià), the Balearic Islands, Andorra, Roussillon in France, and the Sardinian city of Alghero.

కాటలాన్ భాషా

kāṭalān bhāṣā


Flemish

en-adj

Flemish (comparative more Flemish, superlative most Flemish)

more Flemish (comparative)
most Flemish (superlative)

From Middle English flemmysshe, from Old English flēmisc, from Old Frisian flāmisk, derived from Proto-Germanic *flaumaz (“flowing, current water”) and *-iskaz. Equivalent to English fleam + -ish. More at Flanders.

der

Of or relating to Flanders, either as the historical county of Flanders (the current provinces of West Flanders and East Flanders in Belgium, Zeelandic Flanders in the Netherlands and French Flanders); or as the Dutch-speaking region of Belgium.


last name

Synonym of surname, a person's family name.


Indian

From Anglo-Norman indien, Middle French indien, corresponding to Ind + -ian. Applied to inhabitants of the Americas due to an early misconception that the Americas were the eastern end of Asia / the Indies (hence also the designation of Caribbean islands as the West Indies).

We stigmatize the Indians, also, as cowardly and treacherous, because they use stratagem in warfare in preference to open force; but in this they are fully justified by their rude code of honor.

1820 July, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “Traits of Indian Character”, in The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., New York, N.Y.: […] C[ornelius] S. Van Winkle, […], →OCLC:

High Jack had been drinking too much rum ever since we landed in Boca. You know how an Indian is—the palefaces fixed his clock when they introduced him to firewater.

1909, O. Henry [pseudonym; William Sydney Porter], “He Also Serves”, in Options:

With savage desperation the Indian lunged his horse straight at Hopalong and, knife in hand, leaped for him!

1951, Louis L'Amour, Rustlers of West Fork:

An American Indian, a member of one of the indigenous peoples of the Americas (generally excluding the Aleut, Inuit, Metis, or Yupik).

Indiaan

individual of, or related to, the aboriginal people of the Americas


Saxon

→ Korean: 색슨 (saekseun)

→ Welsh: Sacson

Partially from Middle English Saxe, Sax; from Old English *Seaxa (attested in plural Seaxan), and Saxoun, from Old French *Saxoun, Saxon (“Saxon”), from Late Latin Saxonem, accusative of Saxo (“a Saxon”), both from Proto-West Germanic *sahs, from Proto-Germanic *sahsą (“rock, knife”), from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”).
Cognates:
Cognate with Middle Low German sasse (“someone speaking Saxon, i.e. (Middle) Low German”), Old English Seaxa (“a Saxon”), Old High German Sahso (“a Saxon”), Icelandic Saxi (“a Saxon”), Estonian saks (“lord; German”), Finnish Saksa (“Germany”). Also cognate to Old English seax (“a knife, hip-knife, an instrument for cutting, a short sword, dirk, dagger”); more at sax.

cog

Kenett states that the military works still known by the name of Tadmarten Camp and Hook-Norton Barrow were cast up at this time ; the former, large and round, is judged to be a fortification of the Danes, and the latter, being smaller and rather a quinquangle than a square, of the Saxons.

1881, John Kirby Hedges, The history of Wallingford, volume 1, page 170:

A member of an ancient West Germanic tribe that lived at the eastern North Sea coast and south of it.


Saxon

A male given name transferred from the surname, of modern usage or directly from the noun Saxon.

census-designated place
census-designated place

Spartanburg County
Spartanburg County#English

A census-designated place in Spartanburg County, South Carolina, United States.

An unincorporated community in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States.

A town and census-designated place therein, in Iron County, Wisconsin, United States.

A municipality in Martigny district, Valais canton, Switzerland.


Volapük

...some authors have claimed that the slang of the criminal was a kind of international language for thieves, a Volapük of crime.

1897 April 20, A. F. B. Crofton, “The Language of Crime”, in Popular Science Monthly, volume 50, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 834:

The first practical constructed language was the south-west German Pastor Schleyer's Volapük from 1879; its complicated grammar and irregular vocabulary made learning difficult, however. The most successful has been Esperanto, devised by the Warsaw ophthalmologist Ludwig Zamenhof in 1887, that today can count some one million speakers.

2004, Steven Roger Fischer, A history of language, Reaktion Books, →ISBN, page 180:

constructed language
constructed language

An artificial language (constructed language) created in 1879 by Johann Martin Schleyer.


de

Cyrillic script
Appendix:Cyrillic script#English

The name of the Cyrillic script letter Д / д.


Dutch

PIE word
 *tewtéh₂
Derived from Middle English Duch (“German, Low German, Dutch”), from Middle Low German dütsch, düdesch (“German, Low German, Dutch”) and Middle Dutch dūtsch, duutsc (“German, Low German, Dutch”), from Proto-West Germanic *þiudisk, from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz (“of one’s people”), derived from *þeudō (“people”), from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂. Doublet of Deutsch and Doitsu.
Compare Middle English thedisch (“native, endemic”) from Old English þēodisċ (“of one’s people”), Old Saxon thiudisk (German Low German düütsch (“German”)), Old High German diutisc (modern German deutsch (“German”)), modern Dutch Duits (“German”) alongside elevated Diets (“Dutch”) (a secondary distinction, fully accepted only in the 19th century). See also Derrick, Teuton, Teutonic.
The pejorative senses (Dutch courage, Dutch wife, Dutch uncle, etc.) are said to stem from the Anglo-Dutch Wars and the accompanying rivalry.

cog

(South Africa, derogatory, ethnic slur) Pertaining to Afrikaner culture (Cape Dutch).


Dutch

→ Hindi: डच (ḍac)

A male given name, more often given as a nickname to someone of Dutch or German ancestry than as an official given name


Dutch

(collective, South Africa, derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur) Afrikaner people (Cape Dutch).

(collective) The Pennsylvania Dutch people.


Finnish

The Finno-Ugric language spoken by the majority of the people living in Finland, one of the two official languages of the country (the other is Swedish).

a variety of Finnish spoken in Northern Sweden

a variety of Finnish spoken in Northern Norway


Icelandic

Although it's hard for us to imagine, they see the pixels in a raw, uninterpreted fashion, and thus to them a TV screen is as drained of long-ago-and-far-away meaning as is, to you or me, a pile of fall leaves, a Jackson Pollock painting, or a newspaper article in Malagasy (my apologies to you if you speak Malagasy; in that case, please replace it by Icelandic — and don't tell me that you speak that language, too!).

2007, Douglas Hofstadter, I Am a Strange Loop:

A North Germanic language, the national tongue of Iceland.


Slovak

From Slovak Slovák (“Slovak”), from a shortening of Proto-Slavic *slověninъ (“Slav”) + -ák. Related to Slovene.

Of, from, or pertaining to Slovakia, the Slovak people or the Slovak language.


Slovak

en-noun

Slovak (countable and uncountable, plural Slovaks)

(countable) A person from Slovakia or of Slovak descent.

(uncountable) The Slavic language of Slovakia.


Frisian

From Middle English Frisoun, taken from Old French frison (“a Frisian”), itself derived from Latin Frīsiī (“Frisians”). Displaced native Old English Frīsa (“a Frisian”); see the plural Frīsan for more.

In the province of Friesland, in the north of the Netherlands, a high percentage of the population, about 350000, speak Frisian as their first language.

1998, Colin Baker, Sylvia Prys Jones, Encyclopedia of bilingualism and bilingual education, page 405:

This means that full competence in both Frisian and Dutch (ie understanding, speaking, reading and writing ability) is aimed at all pupils in the province, whether they speak Frisian or Dutch at home.

2000, Jasone Cenoz, Ulrike Jessner, English in Europe: the acquisition of a third language, page 223:

Many Frisians speak Frisian at home and Dutch at work.

2005, Pat Seward, Sunandini Arora Lal, Netherlands, page 89:

A Germanic language group or language (see Usage notes), or a lect thereof, which descended from Old Frisian, with speakers in the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark.

(specifically) The West Frisian (or Western Frisian) lect, spoken in the northern Netherlands.

(specifically) Saterland Frisian, the last surviving dialect of the East Frisian lect, spoken in Northern Germany close to the Dutch border.

(specifically) The North Frisian lect, spoken in northwestern Schleswig-Holstein in Germany.


Frisian

A member of the Germanic ethnic group which is native to the region of Frisia (which is in the Netherlands, northern Germany, and southern Denmark).

ֆրիզ

member of the Germanic ethnic group which is native to Frisia


Georgia

Latinate feminine form of George, from Ancient Greek Γεώργιος (Geṓrgios, “farmer”).

der

/ˈd͡ʒɔː.d͡ʒə/

/ˈd͡ʒɔɹ.d͡ʒə/

/ˈd͡ʒɔʊ.d͡ʒə/

"Georgia?" his mother said. "Why in the world would a mother want to give her daughter such an outlandish name?" "It's no more outlandish than Jesse Griffith." "Why, Jesse G., thee's named for thy two grandfathers." "Georgia's named for a whole state."

1949, Jessamyn West, Except for Me and Thee, Macmillan, published 1969, page 9:


Slovene

From German Slowene, from Slovene Slovenec. Related to Slovak.

Of or pertaining to Slovenia, the Slovenes or the Slovene language.


banana bender

“Not now, you banana bender! The Commencement Speech takes place at the dinner tonight.”
“Banana bender! I'm not from Queenland, I'll ‘ave you know. And I needs to test out the mike in advance. Always have trouble with those things.”

2003, Rosemary Patterson, Journey Great Barrier Reef: An Adventure Novel Set in Australia, page 17:

If Billy Lane hadn't given him such a firm handshake, Henry reckons he'd be wondering if all the Banana-benders shook like a girl.

2007, Pip Wilson, Faces in the Street: Louisa and Henry Lawson and the Castlereagh Street Push, page 137:

In comparison with other Australians, they were considered an odder sort of people – the banana-benders of Banana-land – a heat-stroked and skin-cancered people, dogged, ‘unimaginably tough and undeniably brittle’.

2007, Raymond Evans, A History of Queensland, page 219:

Terry nodded. “Yes, you don't have too many cars to contend with here, and we banana benders are rather courteous, especially once we realize you're a tourist. Just be careful on the curves, especially where the road goes along the bluffs.”

2011, Reynold Conger, Chased Across Australia, page 180:

(Australia, humorous) An inhabitant of Queensland.


Welsh

From Middle English Walsch, Welische, from Old English wīelisċ (“Briton; Roman; Celt”), from Proto-West Germanic *walhisk, from Proto-Germanic *walhiskaz (“Celt; later Roman”), from *walhaz (“Celt, Roman”) (compare Old English wealh), from the name of the Gaulish tribe, the Volcae (recorded only in Latin contexts).
This word was borrowed from Germanic into Slavic (compare Old Church Slavonic Влахъ (Vlaxŭ, “Vlachs, Romanians”), Byzantine Greek Βλάχος (Blákhos)).
Doublet of Vellish. Compare Walloon, walnut, Vlach, Walach, Gaul, Cornwall.

cog

en:of or pertaining to Wales, a country within the UK


Welsh

en-noun

Welsh (countable and uncountable, plural Welsh)

9 minutes to 2. We just stopped to have our horses' mouths washed, and there all people spoke welsh.

1832, Queen Victoria, journal, 6 Aug 1832


Welsh

An English and Scottish surname transferred from the nickname for someone who was a Welshman or a Celt.

A town in Louisiana, United States, named for early landowner Henry Welsh.

An unincorporated community in Ohio, United States, named for an early settler.


Territorian

/ˌtɛɹɪˈtɔːɹi.ən/

Territorians also could elect a representative to Federal Parliament (a right granted in 1923).

1967, Brian Hodge, Allen Whitehurst, Nation and People: An Introduction to Australia in a Changing World, page 258:

1998 December, Minister for Health, Family and Community Services, Northern Territory Legislative Assembly, speech, quoted in 2008, Tess Lea, Bureaucrats and Bleeding Hearts: Indigenous Health in Northern Australia, page 25,
Put simply, Aboriginal Territorians have drastically poorer health across virtually all causes of disease. Life expectancy at birth for indigenous men in the Northern Territory is 57 years compared to 77 years for other male Territorians.

One of the ways he did this was by attending meetings of the Northern Territory Legislative Councul, the wind instrument created by the Chifley Labor Government in 1947 to give Territorians the illusion that they had democratic rights.

2011, Stephen Gray, The Protectors: A Journey Through Whitefella Past, ReadHowYouWant, page 138:

(demonym) An inhabitant of the Northern Territory.


Taswegian

Blend of Tasmanian + Glaswegian. Royal Australian Navy slang from about 1930. Possibly a reference to the cold climate of Tasmania, comparing it to the cold climate of Glasgow.

(Australia, navy, slang) A Tasmanian seaman.

The town is filled with lovely, lovely Taswegians, the kindest and most generous people I have ever met.

2005, Beverly Walton, Watermarks: A Tasmanian Journal, page 25:

The new year is also vigorously celebrated further south during the Hobart Summer Festival (p646), when Taswegians stuff themselves with food, wine and song.

2009, Justine Vaisutis, Australia, Lonely Planet, page 32:

That was when I learned that every Taswegian worth his salt carries an axe in his boot and, more often than not, two in case of axe-less friends.

2011, Teri Louise Kelly, Punktuation, page 57:

(Australia, humorous, sometimes derogatory) An inhabitant of Tasmania.


Italian

Italian (countable and uncountable, plural Italians)

From Middle English Italian, from Medieval Latin Italiānus, from Latin Italia (“Italy”).

(uncountable) The official language of Italy, also spoken in San Marino, the Vatican, and parts of Argentina, Slovenia and Switzerland.

(uncountable, textiles) Short for Italian cloth, a type of linen or cotton cloth with satin finish used primarily for linings.

Italian cloth

gin and Italian

So the English women would have been interested in American drinks, and in came the gin-and-Italian, for example.

1971, John Doxat, The World of Drinks and Drinking, page 102:

Italian vermouth
Italian vermouth#English

(uncountable) Short for Italian vermouth, a dark-colored sweet or mildly bitter vermouth.

Italian vermouth

Italian sandwich
Italian sandwich#English

(countable, Maine) Short for Italian sandwich.


Danish

Borrowed from Persian دانش (literally “knowledge, science, wisdom”).


Hungarian

/hʌŋˈɡɛə.ɹi.ən/

Of, from, or pertaining to present-day Hungary, the ethnic Hungarian people or the Hungarian language.

Of, from, or pertaining to the Kingdom of Hungary, during the days of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, regardless of ethnicity.


Hungarian

en-noun

Hungarian (countable and uncountable, plural Hungarians)

/hʌŋˈɡɛə.ɹi.ən/

A person from the former Kingdom of Hungary, during the Austro-Hungarian Empire, regardless of that person's ethnicity.

(uncountable) The main language of Hungary.


Spaniard

From Middle English Spaignarde, from Old French Espaignard, from Espaigne. Equivalent to Spain + -ard.

A person from Spain or of Spanish descent.


Swedish

en-proper noun

Swedish (countable and uncountable, plural Swedishes)

From Swede + -ish. Cognate with Dutch Zweeds, German Schwedisch.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:Swedish.

The language of Sweden and Åland (an autonomous part of Finland). Swedish is also one of the two official languages of Finland, spoken by 6% of the citizens. A very small minority in Estonia has Swedish as their mother tongue.


Korean

朝鮮の

North or related to both of Koreas in academic context


Korean

(uncountable) Official language of the people residing on the Korean Peninsula, and language of approximately 60 million people, in Asia, North America, and elsewhere.


Korean

(countable) A native or resident in North Korea or South Korea, or a person of Korean descent.


Amy

Anglicized form of Old French Amee,
which was both a nickname and a form of the Latin name Amata (“beloved”).

The Dame Anne Dudley, mentioned in a contemporary record, was Leicester's first wife, the unfortunate Amy Robsart. It may be noticed, in passing, that the name Amy - presuming that it occurs in contemporary manuscripts of authority - is an extremely rare one. It is obvious how easily the name Aime might be read for Anne.

1886, Hubert Hall, Society in the Elizabethan Age, Kessinger Publishing, published 2003, →ISBN, page 94:

As a child, Amy could have been drawn by Millais, if he was inclined - the name Amy is deceptively apt - but though the plumpness remains, not much but some, the ringlets have gone to be replaced by curls of the colour of cinnamon.

1975, Derek Marlowe, Nightshade, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, page 7:

As Amy had been baptized Amelia (but always called Amy) after her mother, now her daughter, too, was baptized Amelia.

1999, Susan Butler, Lawrence Butler, East to the Dawn: The Life of Amelia Earhart., →ISBN, page 5:

When I remained alive, they named me Amy, because it was a regular girl's name, a popular girl's name, a name a thousand other baby girls were given that year, so maybe the gods wouldn't notice this little baby nestled among the others.

2012, Gillian Flynn, Gone Girl, Phoenix, published 2013, →ISBN, page 249:


be

The name of the Cyrillic script letter Б / б.


Turkish

Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

The official language of Turkey, Republic of Cyprus (alongside Greek) and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

Turks

official language of Turkey, Republic of Cyprus and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

This dictionary for Chaghatay Turkish (although it also contains much material for what the author calls 'Rūmī', i.e. south-western Turkish, above all, Ottoman) is the Sanglakh of an obscure eighteenth-century compiler

2001, C. Edmund Bosworth, editor, A Century of British Orientalists, 1902-2001, page 97:

M.A. Òerbak considers Chaghatay Turkish a period of Uzbek.

2003, Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu, Culture and Learning in Islam, page 256:

[...] these works include stories of the battles the Turks fought against the Chinese, a variety of legends, and numerous specimens of verse (found mostly in Chinese translation) written in Uyghur Turkish.

2011, Talat S. Halman, Jayne L. Warner, A Millennium of Turkish Literature, page 6:

And my uncle always shouted: “Uzbek Turkish is very close to our Turkish language!”

It was Navai who through his poetry almost single-handedly turned his native Chaghatay Turkish into a literary language.

2022, Dominic Lieven, In the Shadow of the Gods: The Emperor in World History:


Turkish

When a question was asked, would put on a mysterious look. Shake his head. Smoke in silence. Observe, at length, he had doubts. Presided at the council, in state. Swayed a Turkish pipe instead of a scepter. Known to sit with eyes closed ...[…]

1896, Alonzo Reed, Brainerd Kellogg, Higher Lessons in English: A work on English Grammar and composition, 1st edition, Outlook Verlag GmbH, published 2023, →ISBN, page 557:

Of, from, or pertaining to Turkey, the Turkish people or the Turkish language.

Turks

of, from or pertaining to Turkey, the Turkish people or the Turkish language

[...] in Mongolian and some Turkish languages

1962, Gerard Clauson, Turkish and Mongolian Studies, page 37:

Old Turkish began with the separation, formation and consolidation of the independent Turkish languages.

1982, András Róna-Tas, Chuvash Studies, page 119:

This is openly a characteristics of Chaghatay and other Eastern Turkish languages and dialects.

2007, László Károly, Turcology in Turkey: selected papers, page 458:

In the Timurid empire, the Chaghatay Turkish language, which became the standard of the Timurid court, was part of the eastern branch of Turkic languages.

2019, Pamela Kyle Crossley, Hammer and Anvil:


Spanish

From Middle English Spainish, Spanish, equivalent to Spain + -ish.

Spanish verbs

Fundamentally, the Spanish vowel sounds are only five, even though as a matter of fact there may be different other sounds for such vowels as [a], [e] and [o].

1918, Julián Moreno-Lacalle, Elements of Spanish Pronunciation, page 12:

Of or pertaining to the Spanish language.

Spaans

of or pertaining to the Spanish language


Spanish

Spanish (countable and uncountable, plural Spanishes)

"If he speaks Spanish, my daughter can converse with him ; she has but shortly arrived from Spain."

1873, Frederick Marryat, Mr. Midshipman Easy, page 163:

“You should read Spanish,” he said. “It is a noble tongue. It has not the mellifluousness of Italian, Italian is the language of tenors and organ-grinders, but it has grandeur: it does not ripple like a brook in a garden, but it surges tumultuous like a mighty river in flood.”

1915, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, chapter LXXXVI, in Of Human Bondage, New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, →OCLC:

Therefore in Novial, as well as in Esp-Ido, we simplify the spelling in all words containing double letters in the national languages, from which the words are taken: pasa (E pass, F passer), efekte, komun (F commun, E common), etc. In this we follow the beautiful example of Spanish, which writes pasar, efecto, común, etc., and even extend it to cases in which Spanish makes a distinction in sound and spelling, as with ll and rr: bel S bello, F belle, koresponda, S corresponder, etc.

1928, Otto Jespersen, An International Language, page 48:

In contrast with the creole languages discussed above, the article systems of Rumanian, French, Spanish, and Portuguese are more complex, since neutralization fails to occur to a large extent.

1995, Hanna Pishwa, Karl Maroldt, editors, The Development of Morphological Systematicity, page 146:

For quotations using this term, see Citations:Spanish.

(uncountable) A Romance language primarily spoken in Spain and in the Americas.

Spaans

Romance language of Spain and the Americas


Spanish

en-noun

Spanish (countable and uncountable, plural Spanish or Spanishes)

The Spanish are not the only ones selling their goods along the wharves and the inner streets.

1976, Robert Rézette, The Spanish Enclaves in Morocco, page 62:

(collective plural) People of Spain, collectively.

Sixty-four percent more Spanish are functionally illiterate compared to Anglos in Lubbock (only 15 percent more of nonwhites than Anglos).

1970, Henry Sioux Johnson, William J. Hernández-Martinez, Educating the Mexican American, page 87:

(US, informal, nonstandard, collective in the plural) People of Hispanic origin; one whose first language is Spanish.


Strine

From a pronunciation spelling of Australian spoken with this accent. Coined by “Afferbeck Lauder” (Alastair Ardoch Morrison) and popularised with his 1965 book Let Stalk Strine. Australian from 1965.

Several Strine forms depend on an assumed equivalence between Strine fortis consonants and Cultivated/RP lenis ones, thus garbler mince (couple of minutes), egg jelly (actually). It is doubtful whether this reflects any real phonetic difference.

1982, J. C. Wells, “Accents of English”, in Beyond the British Isles, volume 3, page 595:

A team at Griffith University in Bribane is working on what the university′s newspaper callls a bionic snorter. Translating into English from Strine, this is a bionic hooter, conk, bugle or nose.

1989 July 8, “Ariadne”, in New Scientist, page 120:

Dell′Oso describes the encounter of an Asian woman with a surly bus driver whose only language is Strine (a form of Australian English, barely intelligible to many of the native-speakers).

1992, Gillian Bottomley, From Another Place: Migration and the Politics of Culture, published 2009, page 133:

(Australia, New Zealand, UK, informal, humorous) Broad Australian English described as if it were a different language.


Portuguese

en-adj

Portuguese (comparative more Portuguese, superlative most Portuguese)

more Portuguese (comparative)
most Portuguese (superlative)

/ˌpɔː.t͡ʃəˈɡiːz/

Portugees

of or relating to the region of Portugal

Portugees

of or relating to the people of Portugal

Portuguese verbs

The latter feature indicates that a Portuguese consonant cannot constitute the nucleus of a syllable.

1981, Milton Mariano Azevedo, A Contrastive Phonology of Portuguese and English, page 31:

Of or pertaining to the Portuguese language.

Portugees

of or relating to the Portuguese language


Portuguese

en-noun

Portuguese (plural Portuguese or (archaic) Portugueses)

Portuguese (plural)
Portugueses (archaic plural)

/ˌpɔː.t͡ʃəˈɡiːz/

[…] but so close lay the boats that even single hooks snarled, and Harvey found himself in hot argument with a gentle, hairy Newfoundlander on one side and a howling Portuguese on the other.

1897, Rudyard Kipling, Captains Courageous:

With a view to securing its more efficient working, a Portuguese was placed in charge of the entire department as Vidane.

1920, Paulus Edward Pieris, Ceylon and the Portuguese, 1505-1658, page 184:

Beresford required all materials for coatees, waistcoats and pantaloons to be sent out unmade, as the Portuguese were perfectly capable of making the suits up properly after delivery.

2000, René Chartrand, Bill Younghusband, The Portuguese Army of the Napoleonic Wars, volume 1, page 23:

(chiefly in the plural) A person native to, or living in, Portugal.


Portuguese

/ˌpɔː.t͡ʃəˈɡiːz/

Portuguese, however, is slightly different from Catalan, Spanish, and Romanian in that there is no strict adjacency requirement between wh-words and the verbal cluster in indirect questions.

2000, João Costa, Portuguese Syntax: new comparative studies, page 65:

Overall it is Taipa (which means mudflats in Portuguese and its Cantonese name Tam-zai also means mud flats) that has changed the most through reclamation followed by the east coast of the Macau Peninsula.

2001, Richard Louis Edmonds, William John Kyle, “Land Use in Macau: Changes between 1972 and 1994”, in Arthur H. Chen, editor, Culture of Metropolis in Macau: An International Symposium on Cultural Heritage: Strategies for the Twenty-first Century, Cultural Affairs Bureau [文化局], →ISBN, →OCLC, page 255, column 2:

A Romance language originating in Portugal, and now the official language of Portugal, Angola, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, Guiné Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), Cape Verde, East Timor, and Brazil.


Englishman

/ˈɪŋ.ɡlɪʃ.mən/

From Middle English Englishman, Inglishman, from Old English Englisċman, Englisċmon, corresponding to English + -man. Compare Old Norse Englismaðr (“Englishman”).

Fucking above your head Englishman!

2008, Christopher-Lee dos Santos, At thy Call, Dino Pappas and Ksenija Micic:

(South Africa, dated, ethnic slur) A South African of British descent, and/or whose first language is English (as opposed to Afrikaans-speaking Afrikaner South Africans).


German

German (countable and uncountable, plural Germans)

/ˈd͡ʒɜː.mən/

From Latin Germānus, Germānī (“the peoples of Germānia”), as distinct from Gauls (in the writings of Caesar and Tacitus), and of uncertain ultimate origin (possibly Celtic/Gaulish).
Not related to german (“closely related”) or germane (from the Latin adjective germānus, through Old French).
Attested since at least 1520. Replaced the older terms Almain and Dutch (from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz) in English. Besides cognates of German, Almain, and Dutch, two other categories of words for the Germans in other languages are cognates of Saxon and descendants of Proto-Slavic *němьcь; see those entries for more.
The surname is generally from the noun, though sometimes confused with Herman, Hermann under Russian influence. As a German surname, Americanized from Germann. Compare Germán, Germain, Jerman.

[…] tie them tightly in a thickly floured cloth, and boil them for three hours and a half. We can recommend this as a remarkably light small rich pudding : it may be served with German, wine, or punch sauce.

1858, Eliza Acton, Modern Cookery in All Its Branches: Reduced to a System of Easy Practice, for the Use of Private Families : in a Series of Receipts, which Have Been Strictly Tested, and are Given with the Most Minute Exactness : to which are Added Directions for Carving, Garnishing, and Setting Out the Table, with a Table of Weights and Measures, page 279:

The wine list harbours some great bottles, mature clarets and Burgundies as well as a clutch of fine Germans (gold-dust these days in restaurants) […]

1996, Jim Ainsworth, Passport's Guide to Britain's Best Restaurants:


German

/ˈd͡ʒɜː.mən/

Meronyms: Low German (Plattdeutsch), High German

German has three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter.

(uncountable) An Indo-European (Indo-Germanic) language, primarily spoken in Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, South Tyrol, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and a small part of Belgium.

A number of townships in the United States, listed under German Township.


German

en-adj

German (comparative more German, superlative most German or Germanest)

more German (comparative)
most German (superlative)
Germanest (superlative)

/ˈd͡ʒɜː.mən/

Duits

of or relating to the country of Germany

National Socialist German Workers' Party

Meronyms: Low German, High German

Because the instructions were German, Yves couldn't read them.

In this manner there existed, about the time of the Reformation, three grand divisions of the German language, viz. the Upper German (Ober Deutsch), the Low German (Nieder Deutsch, or Platt Deutsch), and lastly the High German (Hoch Deutsch).

1816, George Henry Noehden, A Grammar of the German Language, 3rd edition, page 3:

To trace its progress, it will be necessary to enter into detail, and to examine the German language in its two great divisions, the Low and High German.

1838, Joseph Bosworth, A Dictionary of the Anglo-saxon Language, page xiii:

This volume is intended to provide a survey of the linguistic characteristics of modern German dialects …. These are defined geographically as those within the borders of the Federal Republic of Germany, the German Democratic Republic, Austria, the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg, the German-speaking part of Switzerland, and Alsace in France ([..]).

1990, Charles V.J. Russ, Introduction, in: Charles V.J. Russ (ed.), The Dialects of Modern German: A Linguistic Survey, p. xviii (note: the work covers Frisian, Low and High German dialects)

Of, in or relating to the German language.


Japanese

/ˌd͡ʒæpəˈniːz/

From Japan + -ese after the model of earlier Portuguese japonês, New Latin japonensis, French japonais, etc.

I’ve been studying Japanese for three years, and I still can’t order pizza in Tokyo!

A language that is primarily spoken in East Asia and is the official language of Japan.

जापानी भाषा

jāpānī bhāṣā


Castilian

From Castile + -ian as a calque of Spanish castellano (“Of or related to Castile, Spain, or the Spanish language”). Doublet of castellano, castellanus, castellan, and chatelain.

doublet

(inexact, sometimes offensive) Synonym of Spanish, the language of Spain and its former colonies.


Hawaiian

en-noun

Hawaiian (countable and uncountable, plural Hawaiians)

United States of America
United States of America

(countable, nonstandard, proscribed) A native or resident of the state of Hawaii in the United States of America.


Hawaiian

ภาษาฮาวาย

phās̄ʹā ḥāwāy


Slovio

An artificial language based on the Slavic languages and written in either the Latin or Cyrillic script, intended to be readily understandable by speakers of any modern Slavic language.


i

the position of an i-dot (the dot of an i)

i-mutation, i-umlaut

The name of the Latin-script letter I/i.


en

The name of the letter comes from Latin en. The typographic sense dates to 1793.

The ems and ens at the beginnings and ends.

The word length, which contains only four sounds l e ng th, is usually spell'd thus, el ee en gee tee aitch.

1773 October, The Monthly Review Or Literary Journal Enlarged:

I have drunk en-ee-cee-tee-ay-ar from the ef-ell-oh-doubleyou-ee-ar-ess in his gee-ay-ar-dee-ee-en many a time.

2004, Will Rogers, The Stonking Steps, page 170:

The name of the Latin-script letter N/n.


en

The name of the Cyrillic script letter Н / н.


Indonesian

Indonesian (countable and uncountable, plural Indonesians)

/ˌɪndəˈniːʒən/

(countable) A person living in or coming from Indonesia.

(uncountable) The common language spoken in Indonesia.


Greek

en-proper noun

Greek (countable and uncountable, plural Greeks)

Greece
Greek language
Greek people
Griko
Names of the Greeks
Wikipedia

From Old English Grēcas (“Greeks”), variant of Crēcas, from Proto-West Germanic *Krēkō, from Latin Graecus of uncertain origin, perhaps derived from the toponym Γραῖα (Graîa) or from other Paleo-Balkanic forms from a tribal name Graii. See also the Wikipedia articles on "Griko" and "Names of the Greeks". Greek in any case has the cognate Γραικός (Graikós), the mythological ancestor of the Γραίοι (Graíoi, “Graecians”). Germanic cognates include Dutch Griek, German Grieche. The ⟨g⟩ in English and Germanic cognates was restored under influence from French grec and classical Latin Graecus. The adjective dates to 14th-century Middle English, replacing Old English Grēċisċ (“Greekish”) and earlier Middle English Gregeis. In reference to fraternities and sororities, a clipping of earlier Greek-letter in reference to their usual names being initialisms of mottos in the Greek language. In reference to terms used to analysize financial derivatives, from their usual names consisting of Greek letters.

The language spoken by people of Greece, particularly, depending on context, Ancient Greek or Modern Greek.


Czech

From Polish Czech, from Czech Čech, ultimately a variation and contraction of Proto-Slavic *čelověkъ (“human”).

(uncountable) A Slavic language primarily spoken in the Czech Republic.

She's from Czech, Croatia, or somewhere over there. The ill thing is that we always come together when we're drunk, but half way through our drunken talks, she always gets mad at something and leaves.

2008, George Stowers, Straight Up, No Sippin': Memoirs of Life and Work Onboard Mega Cruise Ships, →ISBN, page 325:

A whole array of companies and consultants are found travelling to Croatia or Czech or China, to extol the latest virtues of electioneering, perhaps via the UK Westminster Foundation for Democracy, […]

2009, Jennifer Lees-Marshment, Political Marketing: Principles and Applications, Routledge, →ISBN, page 237:

(nonstandard) The Czech Republic (Czechia).


el

From Middle English, from Old English el, from Latin el (the name of the letter L).

The name of the Latin-script letter L/l.


el

The name of the Unspecified script letter Л / л.


Chinese

en-adj

Chinese (not generally comparable, comparative more Chinese, superlative most Chinese)

more Chinese (comparative)
most Chinese (superlative)

Chinese
Chinese Proficiency Test
Chinese Turkestan

/ˌt͡ʃʌɪˈniz/

/ˈt͡ʃʌɪˌniz/

[ˌt͡ʃəɪˈniːz]

[ˈt͡ʃəɪˌniˑz]

From China + -ese under influence of Portuguese chinês, replacing older Chinish. Doublet of chinois. In its orientalist sense of "generically exotic, backwards, or poorly organized", sometimes a deliberate marketing strategy to increase sales, as with the German Chinese checkers. In its sense related to the orientation of stage lighting's barn doors, a reference to a supposed resemblance to East Asian eyes.

sjinese

of, from, or relating to China, its people, its culture, and its language

Chinese fire belly newt

Cynops orientalis ⇒ Hypselotriton orientalis

Chinese gooseberry

especially Actinidia chinensis and Actinidia deliciosa

Chinese painted quail

Coturnix chinensis ⇒ Excalfactoria chinensis

Chinese radish Raphanus sativus var. niger ⇒ Raphanus sativus var. sativus)

Chinese spotbill

Anas poecilorhyncha zonorhyncha ⇒ Anas zonorhyncha

Chinese yam

Dioscorea opposita ⇒ Dioscorea polystchya

have got more chins than a Chinese phonebook

have got more chins than a Chinese phone book

Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang

There are four Chinese tones... five, if you count the neutral one.

The construction of a verbal system which is fairly regular and at the same time based on existing languages is a most difficult task, because in no other domain of the grammar do languages retain a greater number of ancient irregularities and differ more fundamentally from one another. Still an attempt will be made here to conciliate the two points of view and to bring about something which resembles the simple Chinese grammar without, however, losing its European character or the power of expressing nuances to which we are accustomed in our own languages.

1928, Otto Jespersen, An International Language, page 82:

The DPRK (Joseon Minjujui Inmin Konghuaguk 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國) is read in Chinese as Chaoxian minzhu zhuyi renmin gonghe guo, and its capital, Pyeonyang, is pronounced Pingrang 平壤.

2012, Endymion Wilkinson, “Introduction”, in Chinese History: A New Manual, 3rd revised edition, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 14:

Of, from, or related to a language native to Han Chinese persons, often used generally of Chinese characters or particularly to refer to Standard Mandarin.


Chinese

/ˌt͡ʃʌɪˈniz/

/ˈt͡ʃʌɪˌniz/

[ˌt͡ʃəɪˈniːz]

[ˈt͡ʃəɪˌniˑz]

The Chinese are present in all parts of the world.

(uncountable, collective) The Han Chinese, whether in China or overseas.

the people of China — see also Han Chinese, overseas Chinese

你好 is read “Nǐ hǎo” and means “Hello” in Chinese.

(uncountable) The Standard Chinese language, written in Chinese characters and spoken and spelled using Standard Mandarin pronunciation.

Sjinees

the standard language of China — see also Mandarin

Suzhounese and Hakka are lesser-known varieties of Chinese.

(uncountable) The branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family including Mandarin, Cantonese, Shanghainese, Southern Min, and other closely related language varieties and dialects.


blue

blue (comparative bluer or more blue, superlative bluest or most blue)

bluer (comparative)
more blue (comparative)
bluest (superlative)
most blue (superlative)

antiblue

antonym(s) of “having blue as its colour charge”

Tok Pisin: blu

→ Fiji Hindi: bulu

→ Shona: bhuluu

→ Somali: buluug

→ Swahili: bluu, buluu

→ Tooro: bururu

From Middle English blewe, from Anglo-Norman blew (“blue”), from Middle French bleu, from Old French blöe, bleve, blef (“blue”), from Frankish *blāu (“blue”) (perhaps through a Late Latin blāvus, blāvius (“blue”) attested from Isidore of Seville), from Proto-Germanic *blēwaz (“blue, dark blue”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlēw- (“yellow, blond, grey”). Cognate with dialectal English blow (“blue”), Scots blue, blew (“blue”), North Frisian bla, blö (“blue”), Saterland Frisian blau (“blue”), Dutch blauw (“blue”), German blau (“blue”), Danish, Norwegian and Swedish blå (“blue”), Icelandic blár (“blue”), Latin flāvus (“yellow”), Middle Irish blá (“yellow”). Doublet of blow.
Possibly related also to English blee (“colour”), from Old English blēo (“colour”); but direct derivatives of Proto-Germanic *blēwaz (“blue, dark blue”) in Old English include: Old English blāw and blēo (“blue”), Old English blǣwen (“bluish, light-blue”), blǣhǣwen (“blue-coloured, bluish, violet or purple colour”, literally “blue-hued”). There seems to be a parallel connection in Germanic between words for blue and colour, dually exemplified by Proto-West Germanic *blīu (“colour, blee”) and *blāu (“blue”); and Proto-Germanic *hiwją (“colour, hue”) and *hēwijaz (“blue, purple”).
The sense "obscene, pornographic" is apparently from the colour; various theories exist as to how it arose, including that it is from the colour of the envelopes used to contain missives of the censors and managers to vaudevillian performers on objectionable material from their acts that needed to be excised.

m+

(politics) Supportive of, run by (a member of), pertaining to, or dominated by a political party represented by the colour blue.

(UK politics) Supportive of or related to the Conservative Party.


blue

en-noun

blue (countable and uncountable, plural blues)

He is a true blue.

(UK politics) A member or supporter of the Conservative Party.


Galician

Galician (countable and uncountable, plural Galicians)

From Galicia (“region in northwest Spain”) + -an.

suffix

Rosalia de Castro became a crucial element in this early nationalist cultural campaign: she spoke Galician as her first language and she was literate, educated, and sympathetic to the group's progressive aims.

1998, Catherine Davies, Spanish Women's Writing, 1849-1996, page 63:

(uncountable) The language of Galicia; a Romance language spoken in the northwestern corner of the Iberian peninsula.


pi

en-noun

pi (countable and uncountable, plural pis)

From Ancient Greek πεῖ (peî), ultimately from Proto-Semitic *pay- (“mouth”). Doublet of pe. Its mathematical use apparently stems from its use as the first letter in περιφέρεια (periphéreia, “periphery; circumference”) and was first cited in 1706 in the Synopsis Palmariorum Matheseos by William Jones.

The 16th letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets and the seventeenth in Old Greek.


see

see, ar, eye, ee, ess, cries

1881 April, J. B. Rundell, “The Irregularities of English Spelling: what they Cost and what they are Worth”, in The Spelling Reformer, and Journal of the English Spelling Reform Association, volume I, number 10, London, page 147:

They were still shocked if you said “eff you see kay” out loud, though it didn’t stop any of them from doing it.

1984, Eva Holmquist, No Certain Time, Libra Publishers, →ISBN, page 17:

eff you see kay why oh you.

1996, Sycamore Review, volume 8, page 116:

I hear you. But hear me out, all right? Because I mean what I’m about to say. Eff-you-see-kay-why-oh-you. Fuck you.

2009, Eric Barnes, Shimmer, Denver, Colo.: Unbridled Books, →ISBN, page 91:

Her mother said, “Maybe you can have ‘Muck Donnas’, or we could have fish and chips.” Krissy shook her head, “Nah. We no have fwishenchit. We have Kay Eff See nuggers?”

2020, Paul Richardson, Taylah’s Got Talent, →ISBN:

Same old answer: the eff-you-see-kay-you-pee.

2023, Callum McSorley, chapter 15, in Squeaky Clean, Pushkin Press, →ISBN:

Alternative form of cee; the name of the Latin-script letter C/c.


church

church (countable and uncountable, plural churches)

Pijin: sios

Tok Pisin: sios

→ Hausa: cōcì

→ Hindi: चर्च (carc)

→ Limburgish: sjoeëtsj, sjuutsj

From Middle English chirche, from Old English ċiriċe (“church”), from Proto-West Germanic *kirikā, an early borrowing of Ancient Greek κυριακόν (kuriakón), neuter form of κυριακός (kuriakós, “belonging to the lord”), from κύριος (kúrios, “ruler, lord”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁- (“to swell, spread out, be strong, prevail”).
additional etymological information
 For vowel evolution, see bury. Ancient Greek κυριακόν (kuriakón) was used of houses of Christian worship since circa 300 CE, especially in the East, though it was less common in this sense than ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía, “congregation”) or βασιλική (basilikḗ, “royal thing”). An example of the direct Greek-to-Germanic progress of many Christian words, possibly via the Goths; it was probably used by West Germanic people in their pre-Christian period. Cognate with Scots kirk (“church”), West Frisian tsjerke (“church”), Saterland Frisian Säärke (“church”), Dutch kerk (“church”), German Kirche (“church”), Danish kirke (“church”), Swedish kyrka (“church”), Norwegian Bokmål kirke, Norwegian Nynorsk kyrkje (“church”), and Icelandic kirkja (“church”). Also picked up by Slavic, via Old High German chirihha (compare Old Church Slavonic црькꙑ (crĭky), Bulgarian църква (cǎrkva), Russian це́рковь (cérkovʹ)). Romance and Celtic languages use descendants of Latin ecclēsia.

der

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

at church every time the doors swing open

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class VI § 983a. Orthodoxy

Appendix:Moby Thesaurus II/39 § High Church

There is a lovely little church in the valley.

This building used to be a church before being converted into a library.

He got the message and was in church the next Sunday. We need to stay in church with the fellowship of others in order to keep the fire of faith burning brightly.

2007, John R. Dodd, Bucky and Friends, page 117:

(countable, Christianity) A Christian house of worship; a building where Christian religious services take place.


o

The name of the Latin-script letter O/o.


Norwegian

en-noun

Norwegian (countable and uncountable, plural Norwegians)

From Medieval Latin Norvegia (from Old Norse Norvegr (“Norway”)) + -an, with v replaced by w due to influence from earlier English Norwayan (“Norwegian”).

A kind of fishing boat on the Great Lakes of North America.

(uncountable) The language of Norway, which has two official forms (written standards): Bokmål and Nynorsk.


Norwegian

en-adj

Norwegian (comparative more Norwegian, superlative most Norwegian)

more Norwegian (comparative)
most Norwegian (superlative)

Of or pertaining to the Norwegian language

Noors

of or pertaining to the Norwegian language


Thai

Thai (comparative more Thai, superlative most Thai)

more Thai (comparative)
most Thai (superlative)

Borrowed from Thai ไทย (tai). Doublet of Tai and Dai.


Thai

en-noun

Thai (countable and uncountable, plural Thai or Thais)

The Bangkok government indicated real concern over the developments in Communist China’s Yunnan province. Thai officials were afraid that Sibsongpanna would be a center where pro-Communist Thai in Southeast Asia would go and where subversive agitation could be directed against outside legitimate governments.

1958, Russell H. Fifield, The Diplomacy of Southeast Asia: 1945-1958, New York: Harper & Brothers, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 263:

(countable) A person living in or coming from Thailand.

(uncountable) The main language spoken in Thailand (closely related to Lao).

(uncountable) Thai cuisine; traditional Thai food.


red

en-adj

red (comparative redder or more red, superlative reddest or most red)

redder (comparative)
more red (comparative)
reddest (superlative)
most red (superlative)

nonred

antonym(s) of “having red as its colour”

antired

antonym(s) of “having red as its colour charge”

From Middle English red, from Old English rēad, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from the root *h₁rewdʰ-.
Cognates
See also West Frisian read, Low German root, rod, Dutch rood, German rot, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål rød, Norwegian Nynorsk raud; also Welsh rhudd, Latin ruber, rufus, Tocharian A rtär, Tocharian B ratre, Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Albanian pruth (“redhead”), Russian ру́дый (rúdyj) ("red", "redhaired"). Czech rudý, Lithuanian raúdas, Finnish rauta, Estonian raud, Serbo-Croatian riđ ("reddish", "red"), Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬙𐬀 (raoidita), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá, “red, bloody”).

punainen

(card games: of the hearts or diamonds suits

a red state

a red Congress

(politics, often capitalized) Supportive of, related to, or dominated by a political party or movement represented by the color red:

(US politics) The U.S. Republican Party.


red

en-noun

red (countable and uncountable, plural reds)

sekobarbitaali

slang: secobarbital — see also secobarbital

(Ireland, UK, beverages, informal) Red lemonade


Sydneysider

A native or inhabitant of Sydney, Australia.


Brisbanite

A native or inhabitant of Brisbane (Australia).


Darwiner

A native or inhabitant of Darwin (Australia).


English

English (countable and uncountable, plural English or Englishes)

From Middle English Englisch, English, Inglis, from Old English Englisċ (“of the Angles; English”), from Engle (“the Angles”), a Germanic tribe + -isċ; equivalent to Engle + -ish. Compare West Frisian Ingelsk, Scots Inglis (older ynglis), Dutch Engels, Danish engelsk, Old French Englesche (whence French anglais), German englisch, Spanish inglés, all ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enǵʰ- (“narrow”) (compare Sanskrit अंहु (áṃhu, “narrow”), अंहस् (áṃhas, “anxiety, sin”), Latin angustus (“narrow”), Old Church Slavonic ѫзъкъ (ǫzŭkŭ, “narrow”)).

cog

Sorry, my English isn't very good.

(uncountable) Facility with the English language, ability to employ English correctly and idiomatically.

անգլերեն

one's ability to employ the English language

What's the English for 'à peu près'? It depends: how is it being used?

(uncountable) A particular instance of the English language, including

The English term or expression for some thing or idea.

The specs are all correct, but the English in the instructions isn't as clear as it should be.

The English text or phrasing of some spoken or written communication.

Data: I have completed my analysis of the anomaly. It appears to be a multi-phasic temporal convergence in the space-time continuum.
Dr. Crusher: In English, Data.

1994, Brannon Braga, Ronald D. Moore, “All Good Things...”, in Star Trek: The Next Generation, season 7, episodes 25-26, Brent Spiner and Gates McFadden (actors):

Thank you, doctor. Now, please say that again in English.

A clear and readily understandable expression of some idea in English.

This reflects that in English, students learn a range of text types, such as procedures, editorials, poetry, and not just academic essays.

2018, Clarence Green, James Lambert, “Advancing disciplinary literacy through English for academic purposes: Discipline-specific wordlists, collocations and word families for eight secondary subjects”, in Journal of English for Academic Purposes, volume 35, →DOI, page 109:

I loved reading until 7th grade English.

Synonym of language arts, the class dedicated to improving primary and secondary school students' mastery of English and the material taught in such classes.


English

en-prop

English (countable and uncountable, plural Englishes)

English (surname)
English#Places in the United States

English language, literature, composition as a subject of study

акӑлчан чӗлхи

ak̬ălč̬an č̬ĕlh̬i

A number of places in the United States:

An unincorporated community in Brazoria County, Texas.

Red River County
Red River County#English

An unincorporated community in Red River County, Texas.


English

en-verb

English (third-person singular simple present Englishes, present participle Englishing, simple past and past participle Englished)

Englishes (present singular third-person)
Englishing (participle present)
Englished (participle past)
Englished (past)

While the man Clive—he fought Plassy, spoiled the clever foreign game,
Conquered and annexed and Englished!

1880, Robert Browning, “Clive”, in Dramatic Idylls: Second Series, page 12, lines 7–8:

(transitive; archaic or rare) To make English; to claim for England.


Sydneyite

A native or inhabitant of Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada.


Canberran

Australian Capital Territory
Australian Capital Territory

Of, from or relating to the Australian Capital Territory.


Canberran

A native or inhabitant of Canberra (Australia).

A native or inhabitant of the Australian Capital Territory.


Adelaidean

A native or inhabitant of Adelaide (Australia).


Hobartian

A native or inhabitant of Hobart (Australia).


Brisbanian

A native or inhabitant of Brisbane (Australia).


Perthian

A native or inhabitant of Perth (Australia).


mosque

From Middle French mosquée, from Italian moschea, ultimately from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid, literally “place of prostration”). Doublet of masjid.

der

There's a mosque near where I live.

(Islam) A place of worship for Muslims, often having at least one minaret; a masjid.


Sydneyan

Of, from or relating to Sydney, Australia.


Sydneyan

A native or inhabitant of Sydney, Australia.


Melburnian

From the Latin name for Melbourne, Melburnia, + -ian.
The term can be traced back to 1876, when the case for Melburnian over Melbournian was made in the Melbourne Grammar School publication, the Melburnian. 'The diphthong, ‘ou’ is not a Latin diphthong: hence, we argued this way, Melburnia would be [the] Latin form of name, and from it comes Melburnian.'

A native or inhabitant of Melbourne, the capital city of Victoria, Australia.


QE

(Canada, informal) Alternative form of QEW


Afrikaans

/ˌɑːfɹɪˈkɑːnz/

From Afrikaans Afrikaans or Dutch Afrikaans.

A Germanic language descending from Dutch; the primary language of the descendants of Dutch and other European settlers, as well as many mixed-race (e.g. Rehoboth Basters) living in South Africa and in Namibia. Also, one of the eleven official languages of South Africa and until 1990 one of three official languages of Namibia.


ruby

en-noun

ruby (countable and uncountable, plural rubies)

From Middle English ruby, rube, from Old French rubi, from Medieval Latin rubīnus.

A ruby hummer, a South American hummingbird, Clytolaema rubricauda.


yellow

en-adj

yellow (comparative yellower or more yellow, superlative yellowest or most yellow)

yellower (comparative)
more yellow (comparative)
yellowest (superlative)
most yellow (superlative)

From Middle English yelwe, yelou, from Old English ġeolwe, oblique form of Old English ġeolu, from Proto-West Germanic *gelu, from Proto-Germanic *gelwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃wos, from *ǵʰelh₃- (“gleam, yellow”).
Compare Welsh gwelw (“pale”), Latin helvus (“dull yellow”), Irish geal (“white, bright”), Italian giallo (“yellow”) Lithuanian žalias (“green”), Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós, “light green”), Persian زرد (zard, “yellow”), Sanskrit हरि (hari, “greenish-yellow”), Russian жёлтый (žóltyj, “yellow”), Russian зелёный (zeljónyj, “green”). Cognate with German gelb (“yellow”), Dutch geel (“yellow”).
The verb is from Old English ġeolwian, from the adjective.

cog

yellow constituencies

2012 March 2, Andrew Grice, “Yellow rebels take on Clegg over NHS 'betrayal'”, in The Independent:

(UK politics) Related to the Liberal Democrats.


banshee

desc

→ Arabic: بَانْشِي (bānšī)

→ Arabic: بَانْشِي (bānšī)

→ Catalan: banshee

→ Dutch: banshee

→ Esperanto: banŝio

→ Finnish: banshee

→ French: banshee, banshie

→ German: Banshee

→ Japanese: バンシー (banshī)

→ Korean: 반시 (bansi)

→ Northern Kurdish: banşî

→ Portuguese: banshee

→ Russian: ба́нши (bánši), банши́ (banší), ба́ньши (bánʹši), баньши́ (banʹší)

→ Spanish: banshee

Borrowed from Irish bean sí, from Old Irish ben síde (literally “woman of the fairy mound”). The term banshee entered English in 1771.

der

Late had he heard, in prophet's dream, / The fatal Ben-Shie's boding scream […].

1810, The Lady of the Lake, Walter Scott, 3.VII:

(Scotland, Ireland, folklore) A female spirit, usually taking the form of a woman whose mournful wailing warns of an impending death.