crisp

crisp (third-person singular simple present crisps, present participle crisping, simple past and past participle crisped)

crisps (present singular third-person)
crisping (participle present)
crisped (participle past)
crisped (past)

[…] everything had become so still that the crisping of the snow under foot might be heard nearly half a verst round.

1860, Nikolai Gogol, “The Night of Christmas Eve: A Legend of Little Russia”, in George Tolstoy, transl., Cossack Tales, London: Blackwood, page 1:

[…] the wheels [of the carriage] made their little crisping over the fine metal of the driveway.

1904, Harry Leon Wilson, chapter 10, in The Seeker, New York: Doubleday, Page, page 239:

1915, Clotilde Graves (as Richard Dehan), “A Dish of Macaroni” in Off Sandy Hook, New York: Frederick A. Stokes, p. 39,
[…] her light footsteps and crisping draperies retreated along the passage,

The same peculiar crisping or crackling sound […] was heard this morning in every direction […] the ‘noise accompanying the aurora,’

1915, Elisha Kent Kane, chapter 16, in Adrift in the Arctic Ice Pack, New York: Outing Publishing Company, published 1916, page 291:

Jericho had placed in my hand a glass in which the bubbles broke with a crisping sound.

1948 November, Max Brand, “Honor Bright”, in The Cosmopolitan:

(intransitive, dated) To make a sharp or harsh sound.


dolly

Welsh: doli

From doll + -y, from the given name Dorothy, originally applied either to a woman or female pet or to a children's toy, and expanded to refer to various types of contrivances or devices. The Online Etymology Dictionary, while considering the reason for applying it to such devices unobvious, compares how the names jack, jenny and jimmy are also applied to devices.

rattaat

term not specific to bridge construction

(cooking) A roughly cylindrical wooden object used as a base when molding pie crust.


dredge

en-noun

dredge (countable and uncountable, plural dredges)

From Middle English dragge, from Old French dragee, dragie, from Latin tragēmata, from Ancient Greek τραγήματα (tragḗmata, “spices”), plural of τράγημα (trágēma, “dried fruit”).

der

(cooking, countable) A large shaker for sprinkling spices or seasonings during food preparation.


dredge

en-verb

dredge (third-person singular simple present dredges, present participle dredging, simple past and past participle dredged)

dredges (present singular third-person)
dredging (participle present)
dredged (participle past)
dredged (past)

Dredge the meat with the flour mixture you prepared earlier.

(cooking, transitive) To sprinkle (food) with spices or seasonings, using a dredge.


fabrication

en-noun

fabrication (countable and uncountable, plural fabrications)

/fæbɹɪˈkeɪʃən/

From Middle French fabrication, from Latin fabricatio.

For many years meat fabrication was done by hand, with the butchers improving their craft with the advent of higher quality metals, knives, and tools. With the coming of the Industrial Revolution in the mid-1800s, meat processing changed.

2011, Thomas Schneller, Kitchen Pro Series: Guide to Purchasing, page 92:

(cooking) The act of cutting up an animal carcass as preparation for cooking; butchery.


farce

Verb from Middle English farcen, from Old French farsir, farcir, from Latin farciō (“to cram, stuff”). Doublet of farse.


fermentation

fermentation (countable and uncountable, plural fermentations)

From Middle English fermentacioun, from Latin fermentātiō, fermentātiōnem.

(biochemistry) Any of many anaerobic biochemical reactions in which an enzyme (or several enzymes produced by a microorganism) catalyses the conversion of one substance into another; especially the conversion (using yeast) of sugars to alcohol or acetic acid with the evolution of carbon dioxide


flabby

en-adj

flabby (comparative flabbier, superlative flabbiest)

flabbier (comparative)
flabbiest (superlative)

From a variant of flappy, from flap (“to hang loose”). Compare English dialectal flapsy (“flabby”), Middle Dutch flabbe (“a slap in the face; a fan-blade; a hair ribbon; a wagging tongue”), Middle Low German flabbe (“a gaping mouth; a chatterbox”), Danish flab (“the jaw; cheeks; a malapert”), Swedish flabb, fläff (“the hanging underlip of an animal; guffaw; driveller”), German Flabbe (“a gob; muzzle”).

My attention was accidentally drawn to this aid, some five or six years ago, while attending a lady (multipara) in her confinement, who suffered from umbilical hernia, with large flabby abdomen.

1867 December 28, John Wades, “External Manual Pressure during Labour”, in The British Medical Journal, volume 2, page 601:

A neglected gap was all the gate it had, and the first glance at the place was enough to let you see the flabby devil was running that show.

1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 210:

The strings of some violins when up to pitch are loose and flabby; some are very taut and hard.

1961, The Violin Makers' Journal - Volume 5, page 71:

Chassis of 1950s-1970s bikes are flabby tubular structures, often weak to the point of lacking straight-line stability!

2008, Kevin Cameron, Sportbike Performance Handbook, →ISBN, page 135:

Yielding to the touch, and easily moved or shaken; hanging loose by its own weight; lacking firmness; flaccid.


fret

en-verb

fret (third-person singular simple present frets, present participle fretting, simple past fretted or fret or frate, past participle fretted or (usually in compounds) fretten)

frets (present singular third-person)
fretting (participle present)
fretted (past)
fret (past)
frate (past)
fretted (participle past)
fretten (in-compounds participle past usually)

From Middle English frēten (“to eat (at), corrode, destroy, annoy”), from Old English fretan (“to eat up, devour; to fret; to break, burst”), from Proto-West Germanic *fraetan, from Proto-Germanic *fraetaną (“to consume, devour, eat up”), from Proto-Germanic *fra- (“for-, prefix meaning ‘completely, fully’”) (from Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“forward, toward”)) + *etaną (“to eat”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”)).
The senses meaning “to chafe, rub” could also be due to sound-association with Anglo-Norman *freiter (modern dialectal French fretter), from Vulgar Latin *frictāre, frequentative of Latin fricāre, from fricō (“to chafe, rub”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH- (“to cut”); compare Old French froter (modern French frotter). The chief difficulty is the lack of evidence of the Old French word.
Cognates
*Dutch vreten, fretten (“to devour, hog, wolf”)
*Low German freten (“to eat up”)
*German fressen (“to devour, gobble up, guzzle”)
*Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (fraitan, “to devour”)
*Swedish fräta (“to eat away, corrode, fret”)
*Danish fråse (“to gorge”)

cog

If their Cherries are full ripe and ſweet, they put only a Pound and an half of good Sugar to each gallon of Liquor, ſtir it well together, and cover it cloſe, and ſtir it no more till the next Day, then pour it carefully off the Lees as before; then let it ſtand again, and do the ſame the next Day into the Veſſel they keep it in: This may be repeated oftner, if they ſee the Lees are groſs, and like to make it fret when it is ſettled, then ſtop it up till ſeven or eight Months are paſs'd; at which time if perfectly fine, they bottle it; [...]

1725, [Noël] Chomel, “CHERRY-WINE”, in R[ichard] Bradley, editor, Dictionaire Oeconomique: Or, The Family Dictionary. […], volume I (A–H), London: […] D[aniel] Midwinter, […], →OCLC:

It is important to allow beer to flatten, after it has ceased working. This is accomplished by leaving the casks open, when the small floating particles of yeast part with their fixed air, lose their buoyancy, and sink to the bottom. [...] The beer having thus deposited its remaining yeast will not be liable to fret.

1856, “The Art of Brewing”, in The Brewer: A Familiar Treatise on the Art of Brewing, with Directions for the Selection of Malt and Hops, &c., &c.: Instructions for Making Cider and British Wines: Also, a Description of the New and Improved Brewing Saccharometer and Slide Rule, with Full Instructions for Their Use, London: William R[obert] Loftus, 6, Beaufoy Terrace, Edgeware Road, →OCLC, page 50:

secondary fermentation
secondary fermentation

(intransitive, brewing, oenology) To have secondary fermentation (fermentation occurring after the conversion of sugar to alcohol in beers and wine) take place.


gallimaufry

en-noun

gallimaufry (countable and uncountable, plural gallimaufries)

From French galimafrée, from Old French calimafree (“stew of various kinds of meats”); further etymology uncertain, but possibly from a combination of Old French galer (“to have fun, to enjoy oneself”) and Old Northern French (Picard) mafrer (“to eat gluttonously”).

der

At length, having discussed in turn pilaus, keebaubs, ollas, and a legion of gallimaufrys not mentioned in the classic pages of Kitchener and Ude, the cook's brain became completely addled by the elaborate and conflicting directions bestowed upon him; […]

1840, A[ndrew] A[llen] Harwood, “Mess-table Chat”, in William E[vans] Burton, editor, The Cyclopædia of Wit and Humor; Containing Choice and Characteristic Selections from the Writings of the Most Eminent Humorists of America, Ireland, Scotland, and England, volume I, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton and Company, 443 & 445 Broadway; London: 16 Little Britain, published 1867, →OCLC, page 185, column 2:

I have tried many times, but always without success, to ascertain the average daily ration consumed by the Chinese railroad laborer, as a means of comparing their value with that of Americans. The reason this cannot be obtained is because they eat so many oily gallimaufries, alliaceous stews and indescribable vegetable hotchpotches, of which the ingredients are principally brought from China and have Chinese names.

1873 July, “Geographical Notes”, in American Educational Monthly: A Magazine of Popular Instruction & Literature, volume X, New York, N.Y.: J. W. Sehermehorn & Co., →OCLC, page 312:

For gallimaufrey, roast poultry or capons, and cut into pieces. After fry with lard or goose lard. When they are fried, put in wine and verjuice. For spices, put some ginger powder and, to thicken, cameline, and a moderate amount of salt.

2008, Taillevent [pseudonym; Guillaume Tirel], “Gallimaufrey”, in Jim Chevallier, transl., How to Cook a Peacock: Le Viandier, 3rd edition, North Hollywood, Calif.: Chez Jim, →ISBN, pages 16–17:

(dated, countable, uncountable) A hash of various kinds of meats, a ragout.


ghee

en-noun

ghee (usually uncountable, plural ghees)

Borrowed from Hindustani گھی (ghī) / घी (ghī), from Sanskrit घृत (ghṛta, “sprinkled”). First attested in the late 17th century.

Of the medicines for relaxing the body; ghee, oil, charbi, marrow, and such are to be used; of these ghee is the best, as it is produced from milk, which is obtained from the cow.

1845, T.A. Wise, Commentary on the Hindu System of Medicine, page 140:

Employees furiously pack ornate boxes containing laddoos enriched with ghee, spongy rasgula and all manner of colorful sweets, often made with dairy, sugar and nuts and sometimes topped with a layer of edible silver foil.

2022 October 17, Priya Krishna, “It’s Not Diwali Without Mithai”, in The New York Times:

A type of clarified butter used in South Asian cooking; usli ghee.


glaze

glaze (countable and uncountable, plural glazes)

From Middle English glasen, from glas (“glass”) (Modern English glass), from Old English glæs, from Proto-Germanic *glasą. Related to glazen. In the sense of "overcompliment", originated in November 2021 and popularized throughout 2022.
The noun is from the verb.

(cooking) Broth reduced by boiling to a gelatinous paste, and spread thinly over braised dishes.


grisette

Borrowed from French grisette, from gris (“grey”) + -ette, named after the color of the fabric associated with low value or bad quality.

Alternative form: grizette

‘What a fuss is here, indeed, about a little grisette: why, one would think Beresford had carried off an heiress.’

1791, Charlotte Smith, Celestina, Broadview, published 2004, page 263:

The anticipations of the shopkeeper were realized, and his rooms soon became notorious through the charms of the sprightly grisette.

1842, Edgar Allan Poe, The Mystery of Marie Rogêt:

he enjoyed the immense luxury not only of lovemaking but also of sleeping and drowsing beside this gentle and composed and somewhat melancholy woman, who was not a fille de joie in the professional sense but more like a grisette.

1983, Lawrence Durrell, Sebastian (Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber, published 2004, page 1015:

A (chiefly French) girl or young married woman of the lower class; especially, a young working-class woman of perceived easy morals.


lard

lard (countable and uncountable, plural lards)

From Middle English lard, from Old French lard (“bacon”), from Latin lārdum, lāridum (“bacon fat”).

(obsolete) Fatty meat from a pig; bacon, pork.


lard

en-verb

lard (third-person singular simple present lards, present participle larding, simple past and past participle larded)

lards (present singular third-person)
larding (participle present)
larded (participle past)
larded (past)

From Middle English larden, from Old French larder and Medieval Latin lārdō.

(cooking) To stuff (meat) with bacon or pork before cooking.

Ultimately, the plans were rejected by Senate leadership, Cruz told reporters, after he and a number of others objected. "That proposal did not carry the day," Cruz said. "Those $350bn in tax increases are not in the bill ... and larding the bill up with new tax increases would have been going the wrong direction."

2017 December 2, Lauren Gambino, “Senate Republicans pass sweeping overhaul of US tax code”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-07-04:

Volkswagen avoided the fins and other frills with which U.S. manufacturers larded their vehicles. Instead, the company and its advertising agency, Doyle Dane Bernbach, promoted "our philosophy of a car that doesn't change for the reason of change, only for the benefit of the consumer," Mr. Hahn said at the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley, in 2011.

2023 January 18, Sam Roberts, “Carl Hahn Dies at 96; Made the VW Beetle Ubiquitous”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-01-20:

To embellish with unnecessary frills; to pad.


mess

→ Portuguese: messe

From Middle English mes, partly from Old English mēse, mēose (“table”), a vernacular loan from Latin/Late Latin mē(n)sa (“table; meal”); and partly from Old French mes, Late Latin missum, from mittō (“to put, place (e.g. on the table)”). See mission, and compare Mass (“religious service”).

Eton is renowned for its "messes," and "strawberry mess" is Empress of them all, with raspberry mess as a very good second. It does not at all convey the joys of a "mess" to say that it consists of iced fruit and cream, and somewhat resembles a "fool." It is a thing apart, and should be approached with bated breath and unimpaired capacity.

1913, Pearson's Magazine, volume 36, part 2, page 373:

"I'll stand you both strawberry mess." It was perfectly impossible for David not to feel elated at sitting down to strawberry-mess with two members of the eleven, in the full light of day, and in sight of the school generally […]

1916, Edward Frederic Benson, David Blaize, page 284:

Eton mess, for example, which is another name for strawberry fool, links the name of a famous public school with disorder or the army slang for a meal, [...] One friend remembered a banana mess of mashed banana with two scoops of ice cream and loads of cream, and thought the strawberry version something that might be served at the 4th June College picnic, [...]

Similar desserts [to Eton Mess] include Lancing Mess (made with bananas), served at Lancing College in Sussex, and Clare College Mush[…]

2015, Darra Goldstein, Sidney Mintz, Michael Krondl, Laura Mason, The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets, Oxford University Press, USA, →ISBN, page 243:

One Old Etonian rages that at school the dessert was simply called 'strawberry mess' and was very popular in the tuck shop. It is only outside Eton that the school's name has been added. A similar 'banana mess' is credited to School in Sussex, […]

2020, Nigel Napier-Andrews, Gentleman's Portion: The Cookbook:

(cooking) A dessert of fruit and cream, similar to a fool.


oyster

From Middle English oystre, from Old English ostre, reinforced or superseded by Anglo-Norman oistre, which is from Old French oistre, uistre (compare modern French huître); both lines (Old English and Old French) from Latin ostrea, from Ancient Greek ὄστρεον (óstreon). Doublet of ostro (“a purple dye”).

als

mollusk — see also clam, mollusc, mussel

Cut remaining skin on back. Remove the oyster (choice dark meat in spoon-shaped bone on back) with the leg.

1971, United States Bureau of Naval Personnel, “Food preparation”, in Steward 3 & 2, U.S. Government Printing Office, page 148:

The delicate oyster-shaped morsel of dark meat contained in a small cavity of the bone on each side of the lower part of the back of a fowl.


relish

en-noun

relish (countable and uncountable, plural relishes)

Alteration of reles (“scent, taste, aftertaste”), from Old French relais, reles (“something remaining, that which is left behind”), from relaisser (“to leave behind”).

Much pleasure we have lost while we abstained / From this delightful fruit, nor known till now / True relish, tasting.

1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

The Caſe is the ſame if the Object, proper for exciting any Senſation, has never been apply'd to the Organ. A Laplander or Negro has no Notion of the reliſh of VVine.

1748, [David Hume], “Essay II. Of the Origin of Ideas.”, in Philosophical Essays Concerning Human Understanding, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 25:

вкус

прия́тный (prijátnyj)

Congressmen gleefully wolfed down every imaginable version of the hot dog – smoked kielbasas, jumbo grillers, Big & Juicy's, kosher dogs and spiced dogs – topped with every imaginable condiment – hot mustard, sweet mustard, jalapenos, spaghetti sauce, regular relish, corn relish, maple syrup salsa and the secret sauce of Rep. Jack Kingston (R-Ga.). ("If I told you the recipe," an aide explained, "I'd have to shoot you.")

1994 July 21, Faye Fiore, “Congress relishes another franking privilege: Meat lobby puts on the dog with exclusive luncheon for lawmakers – experts on pork”, in Los Angeles Times:

A cooked or pickled sauce, usually made with vegetables or fruits, generally used as a condiment.

Chutney

specialist use, chiefly for foreign cuisines


relish

en-verb

relish (third-person singular simple present relishes, present participle relishing, simple past and past participle relished)

relishes (present singular third-person)
relishing (participle present)
relished (participle past)
relished (past)

(transitive) To taste or eat with pleasure, to like the flavor of

品味

to taste or eat with pleasure; to like the flavor of

honourable enterprises are accompanied with dangers and damages, as experience evinceth; they will make the rest of thy life relish the better.

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 3, member 3:

Had I been the finder-out of this secret, it would not have relish'd among my other discredits.

c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:

A theory, which, how much soever it may relish of wit and invention, hath no foundation in nature.

1695, John Woodward, An essay toward a natural history of the earth:

(obsolete, intransitive) To taste; to have a specified taste or flavour.

gorentar

(obsolete) to have a pleasing or appetizing taste

By this the boiling Kettle had prepar'd, / And to the Table ſent, the ſmoaking Lard; / On which the eager Appetite they dine, / A ſav'ry Bit, that ſerv'd to relliſh Wine: [...]

1717, John Dryden, “Book VIII. [The Story of Baucis and Philemon.]”, in Ovid’s Metamorphoses in Fifteen Books. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, pages 285–286:

(transitive) To give a taste to; to cause to taste nice, to make appetizing.

подправям

(obsolete) to give a relish to; to cause to taste agreeably


rosette

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *wardahder.?
Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon)bor.?
Latin rosalbor.
Old French rose
Latin -ittus
Old French -ete
Old French rosete
Middle French rosettebor.
Middle French rosette
French rosetteinflu.
English rosette
Borrowed from Middle French rosette (in sense 15) and (modern) French rosette.

etymon

(cooking) A thin, cookie-like, deep-fried Scandinavian pastry, made using an iron, which resembles a rose blossom.

(cooking) A rose shape piped using frosting, most commonly buttercream.


shred

From Middle English shrede, shred (“fragment, piece, scrap; piece cut off from something; strip of material; ornamental strip hanging from the edge of a garment; thread; band or thread woven in a garment; element, streak; plant (?)”) [and other forms], from Late Old English sċrēad, sċrēade (“piece cut off from something; a paring; a shred”), from Proto-Germanic *skraudō (“a piece, shred; a crack; a cut”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”). Doublet of escrow.

nb...

schreade, schrede, screde, shrade, shredde, (Kent) screade

парцалче

a long, narrow piece cut or torn off — see also strip

Three shreds of celery in a glass.

1840, W[illiam] M[akepeace] Thackeray, “A Shabby Genteel Dinner, and Other Incidents of a Like Nature”, in “A Shabby Genteel Story”, in Miscellanies: Prose and Verse, volume IV, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1857, →OCLC, page 254:

A long, narrow piece (especially of fabric) cut or torn off; a strip; specifically, a piece of cloth or clothing.

(cooking) A thin strip of fruit peel, a vegetable, etc., cut so that it curls.


shred

en-verb

shred (third-person singular simple present shreds, present participle shredding, simple past shredded, past participle shredded or shred)

shreds (present singular third-person)
shredding (participle present)
shredded (past)
shredded (participle past)
shred (participle past)
shred (infinitive)

The verb is derived from Middle English shreden, shred (“to chop, cut up; to cut, hack; to wound with a knife; to cut off a part of (something); to prune, trim”) [and other forms], from Old English sċrēadian (“to cut up, shred; to cut off; to prune, trim”), from Proto-West Germanic *skraudōn, related to Proto-West Germanic *skraudan (“to cut up; to shred”), from Proto-Germanic *skraudaną (“to cut up; to shred”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”).
The adjective is derived from the past participle form of the verb.

nb...

schred, schredde, schrede, screde, shreade, shrede, shredde, shrid, (Early Middle English) screda, scradien, (Ormulum) shrædenn

inh

(cooking) To cut (fruit peel, a vegetable, etc.) into thin strips that curl.


snag

The Australian National Dictionary Centre suggests that snag as slang for "sausage" most likely derives from the earlier British slang for "light meal", although it makes no comment on how it came to be specifically applied to sausages.Meanings and origins of Australian words and idioms The word's use in football slang originates as a shortening of "sausage roll", rhyming slang for "goal", to sausage, and hence, by synonymy, snag.

I fire up the barbie and start cooking snags.

2005, Peter Docker, Someone Else′s Country, ReadHowYouWant, published 2010, page 116:

‘You can get the chooks and snags from the fridge if you want,’ he replied.
I smiled, remembering my bewilderment upon receiving exactly the same command at my very first barbecue back in Sydney a month after I′d first arrived.

2007, Jim Ford, Don't Worry, Be Happy: Beijing to Bombay with a Backpack, page 196:

‘Hungry? We′ve got plenty of roo,’ one of the men said as she walked up. He pointed with his spatula, ‘and pig snags, cow snags, beef and chicken.’

2010, Fiona Wallace, Sense and Celebrity, page 25:

(Australia, informal, colloquial) A sausage.


steak

en-noun

steak (countable and uncountable, plural steaks)

French: steack

Thai: สเต็ก (sà-dték)

Hebrew: סטייק

From Middle English steike, from Old Norse steik (“roast; meat roasted on a stick”). The verb is either from the noun or from steikja (“to roast”).

filet

a slice of meat cut with the grain of the fish

beefsteak, a slice of beef, broiled or cut for broiling.


steep

en-adj

steep (comparative steeper, superlative steepest)

steeper (comparative)
steepest (superlative)

From Middle English steep, from Old English stēap (“high”), from Proto-Germanic *staupaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewb- (“to push, stick”).
Compare Old Frisian stāp ("high, towering"; > Modern Saterland Frisian stiep (“steep”)), Dutch stoop (“grand; proud”), Middle High German stouf (“towering cliff, precipice”), Middle High German stief (“steep”)). The Proto-Indo-European root (and related) has many and varied descendants, including English stub; compare also Scots stap (“to strike, to forcibly insert”).
The sense of “sharp slope” is attested circa 1200; the sense “expensive” is attested US 1856.

gl

"high, towering"; > Modern Saterland Frisian <i class="Latn mention" lang="stq">stiep</i> (“steep”)

cog

Her ears and thoughts in steep amaze erected

1596, George Chapman, De Guiana, carmen Epicum:

(obsolete) Difficult to access; not easy reached; lofty; elevated; high.


steep

en-verb

steep (third-person singular simple present steeps, present participle steeping, simple past and past participle steeped)

steeps (present singular third-person)
steeping (participle present)
steeped (participle past)
steeped (past)

From Middle English stepen, from Old Norse steypa (“to make stoop, cast down, pour out, cast (metal)”), from Proto-Germanic *staupijaną (“to tumble, make tumble, plunge”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewb- (“to push, hit”). Cognate with Danish støbe (“cast (metal)”), Norwegian støpe, støype, Swedish stöpa (“to found, cast (metal)”), Old English stūpian (“to stoop, bend the back, slope”). Related to stoop.

cog

They steep skins in a tanning solution to create leather.

The tea is steeping.

In refreshing dews to steep / The little, trembling flowers.

1820, William Wordsworth, Composed at Cora Linn, in sight of Wallace's Tower:

(transitive, middle voice) To soak or wet thoroughly.

To make tea (or other beverage) by placing leaves in hot water.


stout

stout (canonical)
the malt brew stout (canonical)
stouts (plural)

From Middle English stoute, from Old French estout (“brave, fierce, proud”) (Modern French dialectal stout (“proud”)), from earlier Old French estolt (“strong”), from Frankish *stolt, *stult (“bold, proud”), from Proto-Germanic *stultaz (“bold, proud”), from Proto-Indo-European *stel- (“to put, stand”).
Cognate with Dutch stout (“stout, bold, naughty”), Low German stolt (“stately, proud”), German stolz (“proud, haughty, arrogant, stately”), Old Norse stoltr (“proud”) (Danish stolt (“proud”), Icelandic stoltur (“proud”)).
Meaning "strong in body, powerfully built" is attested from First attested in c. 1386, but has been to a large extent displaced by the euphemistic meaning "thick-bodied, fat and large," which is first recorded 1804. Original sense preserved in stout-hearted (1552).
The noun "strong, dark-brown beer" is first recorded 1677, from the adjective.

cog

Coordinate term: porter

Stout is darker, stronger and sweeter than porter beer.

(beer) A dark and strong malt brew made with toasted grain.


swipe

en-verb

swipe (third-person singular simple present swipes, present participle swiping, simple past and past participle swiped)

swipes (present singular third-person)
swiping (participle present)
swiped (participle past)
swiped (past)

From earlier swip (with a short vowel), from Middle English swippen, swipen (“to move violently”), from Old English swipian, sweopian, swippan (“to scourge, strike, beat, lash”), from Proto-West Germanic *swippjan, *swipōn, *swipēn, from Proto-Germanic *swipōną, *swipjaną, *swipāną (“to move”), from Proto-Indo-European *sweyb- (“to bend, turn, swerve, sway, swing, sweep”). Cognate with German schwippen (“to whip”), Danish svippe (“to smack; crack a whip”), Icelandic svipa (“to whip; move swiftly”). Related to sweep, swoop.

cog

Coordinate term: scroll

Swipe left to hide the toolbar.

This is the iPhone lock screen with its default Earth wallpaper. To unlock your phone, swipe the slider from left to right.

2008, Erica Sadun, Taking Your iPhone to the Max, Apress, →ISBN, page 27:

But really, she is just over it all: the swiping, the monotonous getting-to-know-you conversations and the self-doubt that creeps in when one of her matches fizzles.

2022 August 31, Catherine Pearson, “‘A Decade of Fruitless Searching’: The Toll of Dating App Burnout”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

graphical user interface
graphical user interface

(transitive, intransitive, computing, graphical user interface) To interact with a touch screen by drawing one's finger rapidly across it.

Zac Efron needs a date. […] But would the actor resort to apps to find a partner? Joking, he said, “Amazingly, when I signed up for Tinder, nobody swiped me! They thought it was fake … That never happened.”

2016 August 2, Lindsay Kimble, “Zac Efron Opens Up About His Dating Woes and Jokes: 'When I Signed Up for Tinder, Nobody Swiped Me!'”, in People:

Yas (Vivian Oparah): That is your truth. And, by the way, your man swiped me on Tinder, like, a week ago. […]
Eric (Benjamin Sarpong-Broni): Mmm, no, I didn't. I didn't swipe you. […] Or anybody. […] I didn't swipe her.

2023, Nathan Bryon, Tom Melia, directed by Raine Allen-Miller, Rye Lane:

(transitive, informal) To swipe right on (someone) on a dating application.


swipe

en-noun

swipe (countable and uncountable, plural swipes)

Some New Yorkers are moving beyond the swipe to venture into flirtatious panel discussions and speed dating sessions.

2020 April 18, Alyson Krueger, “Virtual Dating Is the New Normal. Will It Work?”, in The New Yorker:

(countable, graphical user interface) An act of interacting with a touch screen by drawing the finger rapidly across it.

Woozy with swipe was the only way I could stay down with patience for work.

1984, Ronald T. Takaki, Pau Hana: Plantation Life and Labor in Hawaii, 1835-1920, →ISBN, page 134:

JJ: Did a lot of people drink? KP: Down here, oh yeah, a lot of them made their own swipe, their own potato and pineapple swipe.

1990, Charles Langlas, James Ahia, The People of Kalapana, 1823-1950:

Sung Wha knows it's pineapple swipe they are drinking. Hoping that they might sell him some of the stuff, he approaches them with the dollar bill out. One worker, sucking on a fat, wet stub of a cigar, waves off the offer and shakes his head: no we aren't selling the swipe, the swipe is for us to drink and enjoy.

1998, Gary Pak, Pak: A Ricepaper Airplane, →ISBN, page 73:

Only the nights—of sitting out in the moonlight drinking the horrible tasting swipe and talking, the thinking about women —remained unchanged.

2012, James Jones, The World War II Trilogy, →ISBN:

(uncountable) Poor, weak beer or other inferior alcoholic beverage; rotgut.


tammy

en-verb

tammy (third-person singular simple present tammies, present participle tammying, simple past and past participle tammied)

tammies (present singular third-person)
tammying (participle present)
tammied (participle past)
tammied (past)

From French tamis, assimilated to Etymology 1, above.

(cooking, transitive) To strain through a tammy.


tart

en-adj

tart (comparative tarter, superlative tartest)

tarter (comparative)
tartest (superlative)

From Middle English tart, from Old English teart (“sharp, rough, severe”), from Proto-West Germanic *tart, from Proto-Germanic *tartaz (“rough, sharp, tearing”), from Proto-Germanic *teraną (“to tear”), from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to flay, split, cleave”). Related to Scots tairt (“tart; tartness”), Dutch tarten (“to defy, challenge, mock”), German trotzen (“to defy, brave, mock”), perhaps Albanian thartë (“sour, acid, sharp”).

cog

I ate a very tart apple.


tart

→ Cantonese: 撻 /挞 (taat¹)

From Middle English tart, tarte, from Old French tarte, tartre (“flat pastry”) (compare Medieval Latin tarta), of unknown origin. Perhaps an alteration of Old French torte, tourte, from Latin turta, perhaps from tŏrta f (“twisted”), in which case it would be cognate to torta.

unk

unknown

A type of small open pie, or piece of pastry, now typically containing jelly (US) / jam (UK) or conserve, or sometimes other fillings (chocolate, custard, egg, butter, historically even meat or other savory fillings).

A melt (block of wax for use in a tart burner).


tasty

en-adj

tasty (comparative tastier, superlative tastiest)

tastier (comparative)
tastiest (superlative)

From taste + -y.
The Philippine sense is due to a genericized trademark from Taystee Bread Company, a defunct American company.

These items will make an attractive and tasty display.

(obsolete) Having or showing good taste; tasteful.


tent

en-verb

tent (third-person singular simple present tents, present participle tenting, simple past and past participle tented)

tents (present singular third-person)
tenting (participle present)
tented (participle past)
tented (past)

From Middle English tente, borrowed from Old French tente, from Vulgar Latin *tenta (“tent”), from the feminine of Latin tentus, ptp. of tendere (“to stretch, extend”), or contracted from *tendita as an alternate past participle. Displaced native Middle English tild, tilt (“tent, tilt”), from Old English teld (“tent”). Compare Spanish tienda (“store, shop; tent”).

cog

(cooking) To prop up aluminum foil in an inverted "V" (reminiscent of a pop-up tent) over food to reduce splatter, before putting it in the oven.


thyme

en-noun

thyme (countable and uncountable, plural thymes)

From Middle English tyme, from Old French thym, from Latin thymum, from Ancient Greek θύμον (thúmon).

Any plant of the labiate genus Thymus, such as garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris), a warm, pungent aromatic, that is much used to give a relish to seasoning and soups.

𒄩𒋗𒌑

plant of the genus Thymus — see also wild thyme


tripe

tripe (usually uncountable, plural tripes)

From Middle English tripe, from Old French tripe (“entrails”), of uncertain origin; possibly borrowed from Spanish tripa.

An edible lichen, especially rock tripe.


veal

veal (countable and uncountable, plural veals)

From Middle English veel, from Anglo-Norman veel, from Latin vitellus, diminutive of vitulus (“calf”). Doublet of vitellus.

The flesh of a calf (i.e. a young bovine) used for food.


vinaigrette

vinaigrette (countable and uncountable, plural vinaigrettes)

A sauce, made of an acidic liquid such as vinegar or lemon juice; oil; and other ingredients, used as a salad dressing, or as a marinade for cold meats.

Lady Selina smells at her vinaigrette, and replies in her softest, affectedest, civilest, and crushingest manner— "Poor—DEAR—OLD MAN!"

1858, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, What will he do with it?:

(obsolete) A small perforated box for holding aromatic vinegar contained in a sponge, or a smelling bottle for smelling salts; called also vinegarette.

Riechfläschchen

small box for holding vinegar or smelling salts

(obsolete) A small, two-wheeled vehicle, like a Bath chair, to be drawn or pushed by a person.

A sort of Russian salad, originally using French salad dressing.


clam

From Middle English clam (“pincers, vice, clamp”), from Old English clamm (“bond, fetter, grip, grasp”), from Proto-West Germanic *klammjan (“press, squeeze together”). The sense “dollar” may allude to wampum. The sense "Scientologist" alludes to the Scientologist belief that human thetans (souls) previously inhabited clams.

als

mollusc — see also mollusc, oyster, mussel

razor clam

Siliqua spp., Solecurtus spp., Solen spp.

My hopes wa'n't disappointed. I never saw clams thicker than they was along them inshore flats. I filled my dreener in no time, and then it come to me that 'twouldn't be a bad idee to get a lot more, take 'em with me to Wellmouth, and peddle 'em out. Clams was fairly scarce over that side of the bay and ought to fetch a fair price.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter III, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

Long as I have my clams I don't give a damn about revolution / Long as I have my rice I don't have to think twice about a solution

1970, “Cherrystones”, in Outlaw, performed by Eugene McDaniels:

Mercenaria mercenaria
Mercenaria mercenaria#Translingual

Tridacna gigas
Tridacna gigas#Translingual

A bivalve mollusk of many kinds, especially those that are edible; for example soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria), hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria), sea clams or hen clam (Spisula solidissima), and other species, possibly originally applied to clams of species Tridacna gigas, a huge East Indian bivalve.

(informal) One who clams up; a taciturn person, one who refuses to speak.


clam

en-verb

clam (third-person singular simple present clams, present participle clamming, simple past and past participle clammed)

clams (present singular third-person)
clamming (participle present)
clammed (participle past)
clammed (past)

When they [bells] lie fifths thus 1 5 2 6 3 7 4 8, 'tis then most pleasant and excellent music to clam them; that is, the two notes of each concord to strike together, and if they be clam'd true the eight bells will strike like four, but with far greater musick and harmony.

To produce, in bellringing, a clam or clangor; to cause to clang.


laksa

en-noun

laksa (countable and uncountable, plural laksas)

A spicy noodle stew from Indonesia or Malaysia.


candy

candy (countable and uncountable, plural candies)

→ Cebuano: kendi

→ Hindi: कैंडी (kaiṇḍī)

→ Hopi: kyenti

→ Japanese: キャンディ (kyandi)

→ Kashubian: kindus (United States)

→ Korean: 캔디 (kaendi)

→ Tagalog: kendi

From Middle English sugre candy, from Old French sucre candi (literally “candied sugar”), from Arabic سُكَّر قَنْدِي (sukkar qandī), from Arabic قَنْد (qand, “rock candy”), from Persian کند (kand) from Sanskrit खण्ड (khaṇḍa, “piece, fragment, candied sugar, dried molasses”), root खण्ड् (khaṇḍ, “to divide, break into pieces”), or from Proto-Dravidian *kaṇṭu; compare Tamil கண்டு (kaṇṭu, “hard candy”).

der

سُكَّر قَنْدِي

They came down to buy sugar, flour, saltfish or candy from Nana, to collect letters and exchange gossip.

artificial sweetener
artificial sweetener

(uncountable, chiefly Canada, US, Philippines) Edible, sweet-tasting confectionery containing sugar, or sometimes artificial sweeteners, and often flavored with fruit, chocolate, nuts, herbs and spices, or artificial flavors.

Unwholesome pink and yellow candies were sold from trays.

(countable, chiefly Canada, US, Philippines) A piece of confectionery of this kind.

candy kid; candy raver

Then while our hands were still connected, he slid a colorful beaded bracelet among the many others he had off of his arm and then onto my wrist without having to break our intertwined hands. "And there you have it! Your first piece of kandi."

2013, Kristen Lynn Harkey, State of Summer: Love and Misadventure of a College Student:

The mantra of the rave is PLUR: peace, love, unity, respect, while the tribal badge is kandi: colourful bracelets made out of chunky beads (and not the same as candy, the drugs that might also feature, such as E or Molly).

2016, Susie Dent, Dent's Modern Tribes: The Secret Languages of Britain:

The first candy bracelet I made was for myself. I alternated blue, orange, and glow-in-the-dark beads with letter beads that spelled “Ferari” to represent my (first) raver sobriquet, Ferrari Ravioli. (Yes, I spelled it wrong. I didn’t notice my typo at the time.)
Side note: this is now referred to as “kandi” bracelets, but we spelled it the old-fashioned way.

2021, Samantha Durbin, Raver Girl: Coming of Age in the 90s:

(uncountable) An accessory (bracelet, etc.) made from pony beads, associated with the rave scene.


candy

en-verb

candy (third-person singular simple present candies, present participle candying, simple past and past participle candied)

candies (present singular third-person)
candying (participle present)
candied (participle past)
candied (past)

der

سُكَّر قَنْدِي

(cooking) To cook in, or coat with, sugar syrup.


candy

From Marathi खंडी (khaṇḍī), from Sanskrit खण्डन (khaṇḍana), from root खण्ड् (khaṇḍ, “to divide, break into pieces”).

(obsolete) A unit of weight used in southern India, equal to twenty maunds, roughly equal to 500 pounds avoirdupois but varying locally.


claree

I drink but two thirds of a pint in the whole day, which is less than the soberest of my countrymen drink of claree at every meal.

1762 November 13, Philip Dormer Stanhope, Letter CCCLXIII, written from Bath, quoted in 1787, Letters Written by the Late Right Honourable Philip Dormer Stanhope, volume 4, edition 9, page 182

At this hour of the morning she drank either ypocras or claree.

2003, Peter Ackroyd, The Clerkenwell Tales, page 3:

(archaic) A drink made of wine, honey, and spices.


paddle

en-noun

paddle (countable and uncountable, plural paddles)

→ Danish: paddel, padle

Partly from the verb paddle ("to splash, dabble"; see below) and partly from Middle English padell (“small spade”).
Middle English padell is from Medieval Latin padela, itself of uncertain origin: perhaps an alteration of Middle English *spaddle (see also spaddle), a diminutive of spade; or from Latin patella (“pan, plate”), the diminutive of patina, or a merger of the two. Compare Ancient Greek πηδάλιον (pēdálion, “rudder, steering oar”), derived from πηδός (pēdós, “the blade of an oar; an oar”).

cog

(video games, dated) A game controller with a round wheel used to control player movement along one axis of the video screen.


paddle

en-verb

paddle (third-person singular simple present paddles, present participle paddling, simple past and past participle paddled)

paddles (present singular third-person)
paddling (participle present)
paddled (participle past)
paddled (past)


smoothie

1987, John Irwin (quoting Piri Thomas), The Felon
The decision to cool myself made the next two years the hardest I had done because it meant being a smoothie and staying out of trouble, which in prison is difficult, […]

Film Comment's David Chute described him as: "small, stringy and intense, but he's better dressed and groomed (than Ferrara), less of a punk and more of a smoothie."

1999, Nick Johnstone, Abel Ferrara: The King of New York, page viii:

2011, Gerard DeGroot (quoting Brown), Seventies Unplugged
[…] mods, skins, suedes, smoothies, punks, skunks, rude boys, soul boys and headbangers […]

A member of the mod subculture who is relatively non-violent and wears expensive clothing.


cuppa

Contraction of cup of (with “tea” or sometimes “coffee” implied). See also a (“of”), pinta (“pint of milk”).

I’ve just put the kettle on – fancy a cuppa?

[…] we covered the hundred yards to the lawn where the tea table awaited us. […] Only Bobbie was present when we arrived at the trough. Wilbert and Phyllis were presumably still in the leafy glade, and Mrs Cream, Bobbie said, worked in her room every afternoon on her new spine-freezer and seldom knocked off for a cuppa.

1960, P. G. Wodehouse, Jeeves in the Offing, chapter III:

1992, Machine Knitting Monthly, Maidenhead: Machine Knitting Monthly Ltd.,
Back home safely, I made a cuppa and sat for a good hour revelling in my favourite magazine.

‘Here,’ said Clancy as he sat up and dangled his legs over the edge of the bed, ‘You sit down and take it easy. I′ll boil the billy for a cuppa’.

2007, Kevin Hallewell, Woop Woop, page 35:

2017 Mrs. S. "Guillotines Decide" Orphan Black
Get Kira up. I'll pour you a cuppa.

(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, colloquial) A cup of tea (or sometimes any hot drink).


veganism

en-noun

veganism (usually uncountable, plural veganisms)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-veganism.wav

Besides being a dietary choice, veganism is a challenging and powerful lifestyle

1989 Jan, Victoria Moran, “Veganism: the Ethics, the Philosophy, the Diet”, in Vegetarian Times, number 137, page 50:

The purpose of veganism is to create a more just and compassionate society

2000, Joanne Stepaniak with Virginia Messina, The vegan sourcebook, page 161:

A vegan lifestyle seeks to promote awareness, compassion, and peace. Veganism is an ethical system as well as a diet.

2001, Kristine M. Krapp, The Gale encyclopedia of nursing & allied health, page 2549:

The absence of religious ceremonies, teachers or leaders, holidays and other conventions was further evidence that Friedman's veganism is "a moral and secular, rather than religious, philosophy," Turner said.

2002 September 14, “Judge rules against vegan suit Practitioners may not claim religious ...”, in San Francisco Chronicle:

Veganism is a position according to which people ought to be vegans both now and in an ideal state.

2007, Tzachi Zamir, Ethics and the beast: a speciesist argument for animal liberation, page 106:

My additional desire is that ecofeminists will embrace veganism as an important means for reducing that suffering

2007, Marti Kheel with Rosemary Radford Ruether, Nature ethics: an ecofeminist perspective, page 233:

The next step is ethical veganism. This is not veganism because it is good for your health (and it is good for your health) or because it protects the envirinment (and it does protect the environment), but from a state of compassion.

2008, Gabriel Cousens with John Robbins, Creating Peace by Being Peace: The Essene Sevenfold Path, page 62:

Like many vegans, Moore said she chose her diet because she cares deeply about animals and wanted to "live [her] ethics." For her, extending veganism to her cats supports that choice and also helps reduce her environmental footprint.

2009 April 8, “You're a Vegan but Should Your PET Be Too?”, in ABC News:

Veganism has gone from fringe to fashionable in a relatively short time. According to the latest count, around 3.5 million people in the UK, 7% of the population, are vegan.

2018 December 6, Jessica Brown, “Thanks for the vegan idioms, Peta, but there are bigger fish to fry”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

A way of life which strictly avoids use of any kind of animal products and services that are based on exploitation of living animals.


bratwurst

bratwurst (countable and uncountable, plural bratwursts)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bratwurst.wav

Borrowed from German Bratwurst. The word is partly from braten (“to fry”) + Wurst (“sausage”), and partly from an older Middle High German brātwurst, in which brāt is an unrelated word meaning “ground meat” (compare German Brät). In modern German, the term Bratwurst is used almost exclusively for sausages fried or to be fried.

Yesterday we had bratwurst for dinner.

2012, Lindsey Galloway, (bbc.co.uk) A German enclave in central Texas
For just-right spiced bratwurst and sausage, try Opa’s Smoked Meats, a family-owned shop that uses original German recipes passed down the generations and always has samples on hand. Finish off any meal with a stop at Chocolat, one of the few chocolate shops in the US that uses a classic European technique known as “liqueur praliné”, where a delicate sugar casting encases liquor, espresso, wine or other liquid fillings. The casting is then covered in chocolate to make a confection that must be eaten whole, lest the encased liquid come dribbling out.

A small pork sausage, usually served fried.


butty

Clipping of buttered sandwich or bun + -y. Compare Saterland Frisian Buutje (“buttered bread (sandwich)”).

cog

Let's have a bacon butty!

(UK, chiefly Northern England, New Zealand, Ireland) A sandwich, usually with a hot savoury filling in a barmcake. The most common are chips, bacon, sausage and egg.


burger

Clipping of hamburger, rebracketing it as ham + burger. From around 1939. The "American" sense is likely a back-formation from Burgerland.

/ˈbɜː(ɹ)ɡə(ɹ)/

(Australia, Fiji, India, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, UK) Any sandwich that uses two bread rolls or buns (in North America it only refers to a sandwich with two buns or bread rolls and a meat patty).

(Pakistan, usually derogatory) A stereotypical well-off Pakistani aspiring to a westernized lifestyle.


grappa

en-noun

grappa (countable and uncountable, plural grappas)

Borrowed from Italian grappa. Doublet of grape.

(uncountable) An Italian grape-based spirit of between 80 and 100 proof, made from the distillation of pomace.


pomace

pomace (countable and uncountable, plural pomaces)

[Alt: Red grape flesh and seeds]
From Late Middle English pomis, pomys (“cider; pulp of plants pressed to extract their juice or oil”), probably from Medieval Latin pōmācium, pōmātium (“cider”), possibly a variant of pomaceum (although first attested later), from Latin pōmum (“fruit; fruit tree”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“away; off”) + *h₁em- (“to take”), in the sense of something taken off a tree) + -āceum (neuter form of -āceus (suffix meaning ‘belonging to; having the nature of’, forming adjectives)). Doublet of pomade, pomate, and pomatum.
Sense 1.1 (“crushed apples”) and sense 1.2 (“residue from grapes”) were possibly influenced by Middle French pommage (“(cidermaking) apple harvest; apple orchards”) and French poma, pomas, pomat (“residue from apples”) (Northern France).

bërsi

Sovv, as yet, Pomace of Cider-preſſings to raiſe Nurſeries; and ſet all ſorts of Kernels, Stones, &c.

1664, J[ohn] E[velyn], “Kalendarium Hortense: Or, The Gard’ners Almanac; […] [December.]”, in Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-trees and the Propagation of Timber in His Majesties Dominions. […], London: […] Jo[hn] Martyn, and Ja[mes] Allestry, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC, page 80:

Next to the VVhite is the Black Thorne and the Crab, vvhich make a very good Fence, and is raiſed as the VVhite Thorne, only if you ſovv the Pummace vvith them, they vvill come up the firſt Year.

1708, J[ohn] Mortimer, “Of Inclosing of Land”, in The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], 2nd edition, London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC, book I, page 3:

The pulp or pulplike matter remaining from a substance pressed to extract its juice or oil.

(historical) Such residue (especially castor bean cake or fish scrap) used as fertilizer.


bonbon

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bonbon.wav

Borrowed from French bonbon, reduplication of bon (“good”), from Latin bonus.

The terrine was served with black pudding bonbons.

(cooking) A small, spherical savory snack or canapé.

(Australia, South Africa) A Christmas cracker.


maki

(Philippines) Chinese Filipino thick soup of pork tenderloin, without noodles


quiche

en-noun

quiche (countable and uncountable, plural quiches)

→ Japanese: キッシュ (kisshu)

→ Korean: 키슈 (kisyu)

Borrowed from French quiche, from Lorraine Rhine Franconian Küeche (“cake”), from Middle High German kuoche (German Kuchen, English kuchen), from Old High German kuocho, kuohho, from Proto-Germanic *kōkô (English cookie), from Proto-Indo-European *gog- (“ball-shaped object”), whence also English cake (via Proto-Germanic *kakǭ (“cake”)). Compare Persian کوکو (kuku, “quiche”). More at cake.
The sexually alluring sense orignates from the 2013 Australian TV sitcom Ja'mie: Private School Girl, where it is defined as "a step above hot".

der

A pie made primarily of egg and cream, perhaps mixed with chopped meat or vegetables, in a pastry crust.


Kubanskaya

From Russian Куба́нская f (Kubánskaja), related to Куба́нь (Kubánʹ), Kuban, an area of southern Russian around the Kuban River and the Black Sea.

Russian flavoured vodka with a touch of honey


bully beef

From a corruption of French bouilli (“boiled”) + beef.


crunchy

en-adj

crunchy (comparative crunchier, superlative crunchiest)

crunchier (comparative)
crunchiest (superlative)

From crunch + -y. The slang sense is derived from the concept of crunchy granola.

I put some lettuce in the burger to make it more crunchy.

Inspector: Well, don't you even take the bones out?
Mr. Hilton: If we took the bones out, it wouldn't be crunchy, would it?

1969 November 23, “Crunchy Frog”, in Monty Python's Flying Circus, season 1, episode 6:

Likely to crunch, especially with reference to food when it is eaten.

San Francisco was a very crunchy town.

Silky mama won't typically go for cloth diapers like crunchy mama.

Weiner says being in Oakland “allows you to encounter different ideas” in terms of style “like crunchy, old people in the organic produce section of the grocery store, wearing very Bay Area specific outfits”.

2022 November 10, Lauren Cochrane, quoting Jonah Weiner, “‘Cool kids want to dress like old crunchy people’: the fashion newsletter where wholesome is hip”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

The pipeline is real; individual people are indeed being recruited into the militant right. Some of them make this journey through “crunchy” online spaces into white-power content, as the sociologist Cynthia Miller-Idriss has documented in Hate in the Homeland.

2022 December 14, Kathleen Belew, “The Crunchy-to-Alt-Right Pipeline”, in The Atlantic:

(figurative, slang) Having counter-culture sensibilities; nature-loving or hippie; wholesome.

(music, informal) Of a chord, containing dissonant intervals.

This can result in the image looking very crunchy as pixels are skipped - especially if you choose the "Fit" option in the Magnification popup. Don't panic; your final image won't look that bad[…]

2007, Trish Meyer, Chris Meyer, After Effects Apprentice: Real-world Skills for the Aspiring Motion Graphics Artist, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN:

[…] pixels that look hideous on screen to a printing device. But if the pixels don't look seriously crunchy on the display, you're almost certainly undersharpening your images. The only reliable way to evaluate print sharpening is to[…]

2009 September 25, Bruce Fraser, Jeff Schewe, Real World Image Sharpening with Adobe Photoshop, Camera Raw, and Lightroom, Peachpit Press, →ISBN:

(informal) Of an image, pixelated, grainy, or exhibiting blocking, often as a result of oversharpening, a low resolution, or aggressively applied lossy image compression.


crunchy

crunchie

chocolate sweet; infantry soldier; white Afrikaner

"Inside, tankers carry full-length M16s for crew protection from crunchies."

2009, James Wesley Rawles, Patriots: Surviving the Coming Collapse:

Since tankers are no brighter than infantry types, those men assigned to the Twelfth Infantry Division's armored unit thought their tour was a bitter waste, rather than being grateful for not getting wiped out nearly as regularly as the crunchies did.

2009, Chris Bunch, Allan cole, A Reckoning For Kings: A Novel of Vietnam:

(military slang) An infantryman, as opposed to a tanker (combatant manning a tank).


crunch

From earlier craunch, cranch, of imitative origin.

A dessert consisting of a crunchy topping with fruit underneath.

Smear the peanut butter, fluff, and a bit of the nutella all over, even to the very edge of the wrap. Sprinkle the crunches on top and then start rolling from one of the non-trimmed edges

2014 December 18, “Fluffernutter and Nutella Yule Log”, in The Lovely Crazy:

(cooking, generally in the plural) A small piece created by crushing; a piece of material with a friable or crunchy texture.


essiac

From the surname of the inventor, Rene Caisse, spelled backwards.

A herbal infusion claimed by some to be able to cure cancer.


piccolo

Western concert flute
Western concert flute

A transverse flute that is smaller than a Western concert flute and pitched nearly an octave higher.


syrup

en-noun

syrup (countable and uncountable, plural syrups)

→ Hebrew: סירופ (siróp)

→ Japanese: シラップ (shirappu)

→ Korean: 시럽 (sireop)

→ Marshallese: jurub

→ Tsonga: sirapu

→ Welsh: surop, syrop, syrup

→ Zulu: isiraphu

From Middle English sirup, from Old French sirop, from Medieval Latin siruppus, syrupus, from Arabic شَرَاب (šarāb, “a drink, beverage, wine, coffee, syrup”), from شَرِبَ (šariba, “to drink”). Doublet of sirop. Related to sorbet, sherbet, sharbat.
Compare French sirop, Italian siroppo, sciroppo, Spanish jarabe, jarope, Portuguese xarope, and Dutch siroop and stroop. The first known use of the spelling sirup was in the 14th century.

der

maple syrup

pancake syrup

peaches in syrup

With jellies soother than the creamy curd, / And lucent syrops, tinct with cinnamon; [...]

1819, John Keats, “The Eve of St. Agnes”, in Lamia, Isabella, the Eve of St. Agnes, and Other Poems, London: […] [Thomas Davison] for Taylor and Hessey, […], published 1820, →OCLC, stanza XXX, page 98:

Any thick liquid that has a high sugar content and which is added to or poured over food as a flavoring.


currant bun

currant bun (canonical)
the currant bun (canonical)

Alternative letter-case form of Currant Bun.


pork pie

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-pork pie.wav


raspberry ripple

en-noun

raspberry ripple (countable and uncountable, plural raspberry ripples)

I shall have tons of cream in silver buckets and raspberry ripples.

1981, Barry Maybury, Creative writing for juniors:

A variety of vanilla ice cream containing streaks of raspberry-flavoured syrup.


Rosy Lee

I'll put the kettle on and make us a cup of Rosy Lee.

Seated at our map-covered dining table, Vicks and I drank umpteen cups of Rosy Lee as we worked out the best route to take me across seven provinces in Canada and through twenty-six US states, following the coastline as much as possible.

2016, Chris Graham, Five Minutes of Amazing: My Journey Through Dementia, London: Sphere, →ISBN, page 10:


Tater Tots

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Tater Tots.wav

What would a school lunch be without Tater Tots?

Alternative letter-case form of tater tots


cookie

→ Arabic: كُوكِي (kuki)

→ Cantonese: 曲奇 (kuk¹ kei⁴)

→ Mandarin: 曲奇 (qūqí)

→ Catalan: cookie

→ Cebuano: kokis

→ French: cookie

→ Georgian: ქუქი (kuki)

→ German: Cookie

→ Gujarati: કૂકી (kūkī)

→ Hindi: कुकी (kukī)

→ Italian: cookie

→ Japanese: クッキー (kukkī)

→ Kannada: ಕುಕಿ (kuki)

→ Korean: 쿠키 (kuki)

→ Malay: kuki

→ Polish: cookie

→ Portuguese: cookie

→ Russian: куки (kuki)

→ Spanish: cookie

→ Swedish: cookie

→ Tagalog: kuki

→ Telugu: కుకీ (kukī)

→ Thai: คุกกี้ (kúk-gîi)

Borrowed from Dutch koekie, dialectal diminutive of koek (“cake”), from Proto-Germanic *kōkô (compare German Low German Kookje (“biscuit, cookie, cracker”), Low German Kook (“cake”), German Kuchen (“cake”)). More at cake. Not related to English cook.
The computing senses derive from magic cookie.

koekie

small, flat baked good — see also biscuit


adelantadillo

en-noun

adelantadillo (countable and uncountable, plural adelantadillos)

From Spanish adelantadillo, diminutive of adelantado (“early; not yet ready”).

A Spanish red wine made of the first ripe grapes.


spork

Blend of spoon + fork; originally a trademark.

An eating utensil shaped like a spoon, the bowl of which is divided into tines like those of a fork, and so has the function of both implements; some sporks have a serrated edge so they can also function as a knife.


splade

A spork that is sharp along one edge or both edges, enabling it to be used as a knife, a fork and a spoon.


unctuous

en-adj

unctuous (comparative more unctuous, superlative most unctuous)

more unctuous (comparative)
most unctuous (superlative)

/ˈʌŋ(k)t͡ʃʊəs/

From Late Middle English unctuous [and other forms], borrowed from Medieval Latin ūnctuōsus (“greasy, oily, unctuous”), from Latin ūnctum (“ointment; rich banquet; rich savoury dish”) + -ōsus (suffix meaning ‘full of; overly’ forming adjectives from nouns). Ūnctum is a noun use of the perfect passive participle of unguō (“to anoint; to smear with oil, to grease or oil”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃engʷ- (“to anoint; to smear”).
Cognates
* Italian untuoso
* Old French onctües, unctueus, unctuose (modern French onctueux)
* Portuguese unctuoso
* Spanish untuoso

nb...

unctouus, unctuos, unctuose, unctuouse, unctuus, ungtuous

мазен

of a person: profusely polite, especially in an insincerely earnest and unpleasant manner

Again, Taſts may properly be ſaid, to be Soft or Hard. A Soft Taſte, is either Vapid, as in VVatery Bodies, VVhites of Eggs, Starch, Fine Boles, &c. Or Unctuous, as in Oyls, Fat, &c. […] Contrary to an Unctuous Taſte, are Aſtringent, and Pungent; as in Galls, and Spirit of Sal Aromanick.

1675 April 4 (Gregorian calendar), Nehemiah Grew, “[Several Lectures Read before the Royal Society.] A Discourse of the Diversities and Causes of Tasts Chiefly in Plants. Read before the Royal Society, March 25. 1675. Chapter I. Of the Several Sorts of Simple and Compounded Tasts; and the Degrees of Both.”, in The Anatomy of Plants. […], [London]: […] W. Rawlins, for the author, published 1682, →OCLC, page 280:

The halls and passages of the castle were already permeated with rich and unctuous smells, and a delicate nose might have picked out and arranged, by their finer or coarser vapors, the dishes preparing for the upper and lower tables.

1866 January, Bayard Taylor, “Beauty and the Beast. A Story of Old Russia.”, in Beauty and the Beast: And Tales of Home, New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam & Sons, […], published 1872, →OCLC, section III, page 15:

"Unctuous is probably quite a good description, but there's a sweetness, too, and a mouthfeel," ventures Heston Blumenthal, chef at the Fat Duck at Bray.

2000 January 28, Oliver Burkeman, “Things that make you go yum”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-05-30:

Of an aroma or taste, or a beverage (such as coffee or wine) or food (such as gravy, meat, or sauce): having layers of concentrated, velvety flavour; lush, rich.

romig

of an aroma or taste, or a beverage or food: having layers of concentrated, velvety flavour — see also lush, rich

"No bankers' books, or cheque books, or bill, or such tokens of wealth rolling in from day to day?" said old Sol, looking wistfully at his nephew out of the fog that always seemed to hang about him, and laying an unctuous emphasis upon the words.

1846 October 1 – 1848 April 1, Charles Dickens, “In which Some More First Appearances are Made on the Stage of These Adventures”, in Dombey and Son, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1848, →OCLC, page 27:

Then he thoroughly disliked the tone of Mr. Slope's letter; it was unctuous, false, and unwholesome, like the man.

1857, Anthony Trollope, “Mrs. Bold is Entertained by Dr. and Mrs. Grantly at Plumstead”, in Barchester Towers. […], copyright edition, volume II, Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz, published 1859, →OCLC, page 23:

In superior circles, however, introduction becomes more elaborate, more flattering, more unctuous.

1919, Stephen Leacock, “The Art of Conversation”, in The Hohenzollerns in America and Other Impossibilities, London: John Lane, The Bodley Head; New York, N.Y.: John Lane Company, →OCLC, section I (How to Introduce Two People to One Another), page 172:

General Peckem roused himself after a moment with an unctuous and benignant smile.

1961 November 10, Joseph Heller, “Doc Daneeka”, in Catch-22 […], New York, N.Y.: Simon and Schuster, →OCLC, page 32:

Profusely polite, especially in an insincere and unpleasant manner.

օծ

of a liquid, etc.: having the nature or properties of an unguent or ointment — see also oily, greasy


donut

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-donut.wav

Alteration of doughnut, from dough + nut. Attested 1900.

[…]Pa said he guessed he hadn't got much appetite, and he would just drink a cup of coffee and eat a donut.

1900, George Wilbur Peck, Peck's bad boy and his pa, Stanton and Van Vliet, page 107:

The Long Lances, however, were thick in the water, and soon Portland was hit in the stern, sending her turning donuts across the ocean trying to work out which way to point her guns, popping off occasional shots at Hiei, which, by now, was heavily ablaze and a very obvious target in the night.

2021 March 10, Drachinifel, 20:44 from the start, in Guadalcanal Campaign - The Big Night Battle: Night 1 (IJN 3(?) : 2 USN), archived from the original on 2022-10-17:

The court heard that at the junction of the Ballyveely Road, Leslie - who was driving a BMW - performed the 'donuts' as others looked on.

2016 December 1, “'Boy racer' fined over donut tribute to pal”, in Belfast Telegraph:

(chiefly Canada, US, Australia) Alternative spelling of doughnut


booze

en-noun

booze (countable and uncountable, plural boozes)

The glutton castaway, the drunkard in the desert, the lecher in prison, they are the happy ones. To hunger, thirst, lust, every day afresh and every day in vain, after the old prog, the old booze, the old whores, that's the nearest we'll ever get to felicity, the new porch and the very latest garden.

1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Grove Press, published 1959, →OCLC:

She got caught between the shadows and the booze
And she surely did know how to have the blues

1995, Al Stewart, "Marion the Chatelaine" on Between the Wars

(colloquial, uncountable) Any alcoholic beverage (especially beer or hard liquor).


Twinkie

The brand name is said to be a diminutive, twinkle + -ie (or otherwise modified), based on a billboard for "Twinkle Toe Shoes" in St. Louis, although there are also claims for solely one or the other. The meaning in reference to well-assimilated Asians is derived from the slur that they are "yellow on the outside, white on the inside".

(derogatory, ethnic slur) Synonym of banana: A person of East Asian descent considered to have overly assimilated and to be subservient to white authority, an East Asian race traitor.


Oreo

National Biscuit Company
Oreo
Oreo#Etymology
Wikipedia

Brand name of unknown origin, trademarked by National Biscuit Company on 14 March 1912. See the Etymology section of Wikipedia's Oreo article for various theories. In reference to well-assimilated black people, derived from the slur that they are "black on the outside, white on the inside".

The Oreo is really an antidepressant drug disguised as a cookie. You lost your job? Eat a bag of Oreos... There are two ways to eat Oreos. Kids like to pull the chocolate wafers apart and eat the sweat, creamy middle first. Adults dunk them in milk.

1984 December, Michael Norman, "Junk Food", Cincinnati, p. 67

While Oreo cream may not appear to possess fluid-like properties, it is considered a "yield stress fluid"—a soft solid when unperturbed that can start to flow under enough stress... Curious as to whether other had explored the connection between Oreos and rheology, Owens found mention of a 2016 Princeton University study in which physicists first reported that indeed, when twisting Oreos by hand, the cream almost always came off on one wafer.

2022 April 19, Jennifer Chu, "MIT Engineers Introduce the Oreometer", MIT News

(foods) A cookie made of two wafers joined with a sugary filling, particularly a Nabisco cookie with two alkalized cocoa-powder wafers around a white creme filling.


banger

→ Estonian: bänger

→ Finnish: bängeri

From bang + -er. The sausages were so called because of their excess water content and impervious skin, leading to the risk of explosion if not punctured before cooking.

Coordinate term: bangers and mash

(British, New Zealand, Australia, food, slang) A sausage.


shrub

shrub (countable and uncountable, plural shrubs)

From Arabic شِرَاب (širāb, “a drink, beverage”), شَرِبَ (šariba, “to drink”), akin to syrup, sherbet, and sorbet.

der

A liquor composed of vegetable acid, fruit juice (especially lemon), sugar, sometimes vinegar, and a small amount of spirit as a preservative. Modern shrub is usually non-alcoholic, but in earlier times it was often mixed with a substantial amount of spirit such as brandy or rum, thus making it a liqueur.


diablo

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-diablo.wav

Borrowed from Spanish diablo (“devil”). Doublet of diabolo, devil, diable, and diabolus.

doublet

a diablo pizza

a diablo burger

(cooking, sometimes postpositive) Synonym of diable (“flavoured with hot spices”)


fungi

See fungee. Sense 2 (“style of folk and popular music”) is apparently from the fact that the music is a blend of different musical instruments and styles, just as the dish (sense 1) is a blend of different flavours.

Alternative spelling of fungee (“a cornmeal dish from the Caribbean, usually made with okra and served with salt fish, shellfish, or chicken”)


naan

From Hindi नान (nān) / Urdu نان (nān), from Classical Persian نان (nān), from Middle Persian LHMA (nān, “bread, food”).

der

A type of round, flat bread baked in a tandoor popular in South and Central Asian cuisine.


attenuation

en-noun

attenuation (countable and uncountable, plural attenuations)

From Middle English attenuacioun, a borrowing from Latin attenuātiō (“a diminishing”). Equivalent to attenuate + -ion.

(brewing) The proportion of sugar that is converted to ethanol by a yeast.


moonshine

moonshine (countable and uncountable, plural moonshines)

From Middle English mone schyne, mone-schyne, moone shone; equivalent to moon + shine. Illegally distilled liquor is so named because its manufacture may be conducted without artificial light at night. The verb sense is a back-formation from moonshiner.

They watered down the moonshine.

“Wish I'd been more polite to that girl,” the sheriff remarked regretfully. […] I know she’d have give me another drink of that old moonshine she has.”

1920, Peter B. Kyne, chapter IV, in The Understanding Heart:

My great grandpa was a blues lover / He'd be rockin' his moonshine to B.B. King and Jimmy Reed

1974, Betty Davis (lyrics and music), “They Say I'm Different”, performed by Betty Davis:

(informal) High-proof alcohol (especially whiskey) that is often, but not always, produced illegally.

(England, dialectal, archaic) smuggled spirits, often with a specific sense;(Kent, Sussex) white brandy; (Yorkshire) gin.

(mathematics, uncountable) A branch of pure mathematics relating the Monster group to an invariant of elliptic functions.

(US, cooking) A spiced dish of eggs and fried onions.


moonshine

en-verb

moonshine (third-person singular simple present moonshines, present participle moonshining, simple past and past participle moonshined)

moonshines (present singular third-person)
moonshining (participle present)
moonshined (participle past)
moonshined (past)

His grandfather started to moonshine when things got really bad in 1933; when he got caught moonshining, he did a bit of time.

Tommy is seventy-seven years old. He started moonshining at the age of seven. He was working for an outfit by the age of eight. He worked for the outfit fulltime until he was sixteen. He moonshined off and on until his mid-twenties. He works at a sawmill now as well.

2007, Jason Sumich, “It's All Legal Until You Get Caught: Moonshining in the Southern Appalachians”, in Ethnographic and Linguistic Field Schools, volume 1: Summer 2007: Alleghany County, Appalachian State University, retrieved 2023-12-15:

(intransitive) To make homemade (especially, illicit) alcohol, especially distilled spirits.


normale

Borrowed from Italian normale (“normal”). Doublet of normal.

A normal espresso drink, neither ristretto (shorter) nor lungo (longer).


bouillon

en-noun

bouillon (countable and uncountable, plural bouillons)

First attested 1656, from French bouillon, from the verb bouillir (“to boil”), from Old French boillir, from Latin bullīre (“to bubble, boil”), from bulla (“bubble”).

A clear seasoned broth made by simmering usually light meat, such as beef or chicken.

A similar broth made by reconstituting, that is, by adding hot water to dried powder concentrate; the dried powder concentrate itself.


mince

mince (countable and uncountable, plural minces)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-mince.wav

From Middle English mincen, minsen; partly from Old English minsian, ġeminsian (“to make less, make smaller, diminish”), from Proto-West Germanic *minnisōn, from Proto-Germanic *minnisōną (“to make less”); partly from Old French mincer, mincier (“to cut into small pieces”), from mince (“slender, slight, puny”), from Frankish *minsto, *minnisto, superlative of *min, *minn (“small, less”), from Proto-Germanic *minniz (“less”); both from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“small, little”). Cognate with Old Saxon minsōn (“to make less, make smaller”), Old Dutch minson (“to make smaller”), Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌶𐌽𐌰𐌽 (minznan, “to become less, diminish”), Swedish minska (“to reduce, lessen”), Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (mins, “slender, slight”). More at min.

cog

Mince tastes really good fried in a pan with some chopped onion and tomato.

(uncountable) Finely chopped meat; minced meat.

maalvleis

finely chopped meat — see also ground beef

During Christmas time my dad loves to eat mince pies.

(uncountable) Finely chopped mixed fruit used in Christmas pies; mincemeat.

A wiry little girl in a starched, lemon-colored party dress, she sassed along with a grownup mince, one hand on her hip, the other supporting a spinsterish umbrella.

1949, Truman Capote, “Children on their Birthdays”, in A Tree of Night and Other Stories, page 36:

She was just the same; she had a light way of walking and she always wore flat heels so she didn't have that mince like most girls.

1963, John Fowles, The Collector, page 15:

His skin was china pale, he walked with a slight mince, and his silver mustache was always trimmed sharp; it was his custom to send a bouquet of pink carnations to the wives of men with whom he dined.

2010, Tom Zoellner, Uranium: War, Energy, and the Rock That Shaped the World:

(countable) An affected (often dainty or short and precise) gait.

Lancashire is a bit nazi about speed and the M6 in that area can be either clear or infested with vans and their helicopter. On the good side the vans tend to be on well sighted bridges so just keep the old minces peeled.

2009 May 21, planetdave, “Speed traps”, in PistonHeads, retrieved 2017-03-22:

Cockney rhyming slang
Cockney rhyming slang

(countable, Cockney rhyming slang, chiefly in the plural) An eye (from mince pie).


mince

en-verb

mince (third-person singular simple present minces, present participle mincing, simple past and past participle minced)

minces (present singular third-person)
mincing (participle present)
minced (participle past)
minced (past)

Butchers often use machines to mince meat.

(transitive, cooking) To cut into very small pieces; to chop finely.


chutney

en-noun

chutney (usually uncountable, plural chutneys)

→ French: chutney

→ Italian: chutney

→ Japanese: チャツネ

→ Portuguese: chutney

→ Spanish: chutney

→ Swedish: chutney

Borrowed from Hindustani चटनी (caṭnī) / چَٹْنِی (caṭnī).

mango chutney

lemon chutney

A sweet or savory but usually spicy condiment, originally from eastern India, made from a variety of fruits and/or vegetables, often containing significant amounts of fresh green or dried red chili peppers.


hotchpotch

/ˈhɒt͡ʃpɒt͡ʃ/

From French hochepot, from hocher (“to shake”) + pot (“pot”); of Dutch or German origin. Compare Dutch hutspot.

(archaic) A kind of mutton broth with green peas instead of barley or rice.


tutti-frutti

tutti-frutti (countable and uncountable, plural tutti-fruttis)

From Sicilian tutti frutti (“all fruits”), so attested in 1838 for a kind of sorbet.

A variety of ice cream (or, formerly, other confection) that contains chopped candied fruit.


ketchup

ketchup (countable and uncountable, plural ketchups)

→ Arabic: كَتْشَب (katšab)

→ Belarusian: кетчуп (kjetčup)

→ Bulgarian: кетчуп (ketčup)

→ Cantonese: 茄汁 (ke⁴⁻² zap¹)

→ Catalan: quètxup

→ Czech: kečup

→ Danish: ketchup

→ Dutch: ketchup

→ Finnish: ketsuppi

→ French: ketchup

desctree

→ German: Ketchup, Catchup (obsolete), Ketschup (superseded)
→ Lower Sorbian: ketšup

→ Greek: κέτσαπ (kétsap)

→ Hebrew: קֶטְשׁוֹפּ (ketshop)

→ Hokkien: 茄汁 (kiô-chap) (Singapore)

→ Hungarian: ketchup

→ Irish: citseap

→ Japanese: ケチャップ (kechappu)

→ Korean: 케첩 (kecheop)

→ Marshallese: kōjjeb

→ Persian: کچاپ (kečâp)

→ Polish: keczup, ketchup

→ Portuguese: ketchup

→ Romanian: ketchup

→ Russian: кетчуп (ketčup)
→ Armenian: կետչուպ (ketčʻup)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: кечап

Latin script: kečap

→ Spanish: ketchup, kétchup

→ Swedish: ketchup

→ Tagalog: ketsap

→ Thai: เค็ตชัป (két-chàp)

→ Turkish: ketçap

→ Ukrainian: кетчуп (ketčup)

→ Uzbek: ketchup

→ Welsh: cetsyp

→ Yiddish: קעטשאָפּ (ketshop)

Uncertain, but probably ultimately from Hokkien 膎汁 (kê-chiap, “fish sauce”) via Malay kicap, though the precise path is unclear – there are related words in various Chinese languages, and it may have entered English directly from Hokkien Chinese. Cognate to Indonesian kecap, ketjap (“soy sauce”). Various other theories exist – see Ketchup: Etymology for extended discussion.
First appeared in English in the late 17th century in reference to a Southeast Asian sauce encountered by British traders and sailors. The Oxford English Dictionary notes that it was commonly used in the 18th century to refer to a variety of similar sauces with varying ingredients—"anchovies, mushrooms, walnuts, and oysters being particularly popular"—but by the late 19th century the current tomato ketchup became the most popular form.
Catsup (earlier catchup) is an alternative Anglicization, still in use in the U.S.

tomato ketchup

This diner serves ketchup in red bottles, and mustard in yellow ones.

(uncountable, chiefly US, Canada, UK) Ellipsis of tomato ketchup. A tomato-vinegar-based sauce, sometimes containing spices, onion or garlic, and (especially in the US) sweeteners.

tomato ketchup

The bottles, however, were port bottles, but contained mushroom ketchup; […]

1883, Cassell's Dictionary of Cookery, page lxxxiii:

To accompany meat, we prepare fruit ketchups and rhubarb chutney.

2003, Inns and Bed and Breakfasts in Quebec 2003, Ulysses Travel Guides, page 46:

(countable, now rare) Such a sauce more generally (not necessarily based on tomatoes, but with mushrooms, fish, etc.). This is the older meaning.


render

en-verb

render (third-person singular simple present renders, present participle rendering, simple past and past participle rendered)

renders (present singular third-person)
rendering (participle present)
rendered (participle past)
rendered (past)

→ Dutch: renderen

→ Portuguese: renderizar

From Middle English renderen, rendren, from Old French rendre (“render, give back”), from Late Latin rendere, from Latin reddere (“make, give back”).

Bacon is very fatty when raw; however, most of the fat will render during cooking.

(intransitive, cooking) To have fat drip off meat from cooking.


brunch

en-noun

brunch (countable and uncountable, plural brunches)

→ Armenian: բրանչ (brančʻ)

→ Cantonese: 早午餐 (zou2 ng5 caan1)

→ Danish: brunch

→ Finnish: brunssi

→ French: brunch

→ German: Brunch

→ Georgian: ბრანჩი (branči)

→ Icelandic: bröns

→ Italian: brunch

→ Japanese: ブランチ (buranchi)

→ Korean: 브런치 (beureonchi)

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: brunsj

Norwegian Nynorsk: brunsj

→ Polish: brunch

→ Portuguese: brunch

→ Romanian: brunch

→ Russian: бранч (branč)

→ Spanish: brunch

→ Swedish: brunch

→ Yiddish: בראָנטש (brontsh)

Blend of breakfast + lunch. Attested from 1895 in British English and from 1930 in the United States.

I normally have brunch at the café next to work.

Let's do brunch sometime at the salad bar!

Feeling a bit peckish, Sandra made herself some brunch with the leftovers in her fridge.

I discovered a meal between breakfast and brunch.

April 15 1993, Adam I. Lapidus, “The Front”, in Rich Moore, director, The Simpsons, season 4, episode 19, spoken by Homer Simpson (Dan Castellaneta):

A meal eaten later in the day than breakfast and earlier than lunch, and often consisting of typical foods from both of those meals.


fruitarian

From fruit + -arian. First attested circa 1890.

A variant of vegetarian who intends to be limited to eating only such parts of plants whose consumption does not kill the plant (such as fruits, vegetables that can be compared to fruit, nuts and grain, but not for example tubers). The purest fruitarians do not want to destroy even the seeds.


snakebite and black

snakebite and black (usually uncountable, plural snakebite and blacks)

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A drink made by accenting a snakebite (hard cider and lager) with a dash of blackcurrant syrup or crème de cassis.


chitterlings

From Middle English cheterlingis, chitterling, chitterlynge, chytyrlynge, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kūtiz, *kut-, from Proto-Indo-European *gud-, *gewd- (“intestine, gut”), from *gʷu-, *gū- (“to bend, curve, bow, camber, vault, distend”).
Compare Middle Low German kǖtel (“entrails, tripe”), German Kutteln (“tripe”) and Scots kyte (“belly, stomach”). Compare also Icelandic kviður (“stomach”).

cog

[ˈt͡ʃɪ.ɾɚ.lɪŋz]

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How fare I? troth for ſixpence a meale, wench, as well as heart can wiſh, with Calves chaldrons and chitterlings […]

1604, Thomas Dekker, Thomas Middleton, “The Honest Whore, […]”, in The Dramatic Works of Thomas Dekker […], volume II, London: John Pearson […], published 1873, →OCLC, Act III, scene i, page 40:

Small intestine, cleaned and defatted, usually of a pig. Sometimes prepared with hog maws.


wiener

Clipping of wienerwurst, from German Wienerwurst (“Vienna sausage”), from Wiener (“of Vienna, Viennese”) + Wurst (“sausage”), because sausages were originally made in Vienna, Austria.
In Germany today this sausage is known as Wiener Würstchen (“small sausage from Vienna”), but in Vienna and the Netherlands it is called a Frankfurter or Frankfurter Würstchen (“small sausage from Frankfurt”).

compound

Two figures crossing the windy park. Miss Martin taking Smith's arm over the street. And inside where wieners were being turned on a hot skillet behind the steamed glass. Always wanted to have the constitution to eat these fearlessly, perhaps with a glass of orange.

1963, J P Donleavy, A Singular Man, published 1963 (USA), page 104:

(Canada, US, UK) A hot dog or frankfurter.

(US, colloquial) A person who is nervous or afraid to partake in certain activities.

(US, UK, colloquial) An irritating or disliked person.


breast milk

en-noun

breast milk (countable and uncountable, plural breast milks)

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place mat

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A protective mat, usually heat-resistant, placed under a single person's tableware (including cutlery) at the dining table.

подста́вка

под столо́вый прибо́р


ripper

(computing) Software that extracts content from files or storage media.


grinder

From Middle English grinder, grindere, from Old English grindere (“one or that which grinds; grinder”), equivalent to grind + -er.

inh

en:any of various machines or devices that grind things

en:grinding machine, any of various machine tools for grinding

Any of various machines or devices that grind things, such as by grinding them down or grinding them up.

A grinding machine: any of various machine tools for grinding (either heavy or light grinding, but precise either way).


torpedo roll

Give me a ham and cheese sandwich on a torpedo roll.


bulkie roll

From Yiddish בילקע (bilke) / Yiddish בולקע (bulke) + -ie.

Give me a ham and cheese sandwich on a bulkie roll.

(New England) A soft round sandwich roll.


saké

en-noun

saké (countable and uncountable, plural sakés)

Borrowed from Japanese 酒 (sake, “rice wine”), where the final e is accented to indicate that it is pronounced where it would usually remain silent in other senses of sake, as well as to differentiate it. Likely influenced by French saké.

bor+

(alcoholic beverages) Rice wine; a drink made from filtered fermented rice.


sushi

en-noun

sushi (usually uncountable, plural sushis or sushi)

Borrowed from Japanese 寿司(すし) (sushi, “sushi (sour rice)”), ultimately from archaic conjugation 酸(す)し (sushi, “sour, vinegared”) of modern adjective 酸(す)い (sui, “sour, vinegared”).

For the vegetarians, she served cucumber sushi.

Not long ago a newspaper reporter came to interview me on the subject of unusual foods, and I described to him the persimmon-leaf sushi made by the people who live deep in the mountains of Yoshino—and which I shall take the opportunity to introduce to you here.

1977 [1933], 谷崎潤一郎 [Jun'ichirō Tanizaki], translated by Thomas J. Harper and Edward G. Seidensticker, In Praise of Shadows, Sedgwick, ME: Leete's Island Books, translation of 陰翳礼讃 [In'ei Raisan] (in Japanese), →ISBN, page 40:

I lived in New York all my life. We used to have Chinese restaurants, ltalian restaurants. Now you have these sushi restaurants. Everyone goes for sushi. Sushi—I hate the stuff. Although, I tell you, I had some the other day. I took it home, I cooked it, it wasn't bad. It tasted like fish.

1985, Leora Barish, Desperately Seeking Susan, spoken by Taxi Driver:

To appreciate sushi, you have to forget the tastes and textures that come with Western cuisine. At first glance (or should I say taste?), a sushi of flounder will not be that different from a sushi of sea bream. But, for the Japanese, these two sushi are as different as roast beef and roast pork are for a Westerner.

2004, Chihiro Mazui, Kazuko Masui, “Introduction”, in Sushi Secrets, London: Hachette Illustrated, →ISBN, page 12:

A Japanese dish made of small portions of sticky white rice flavored with vinegar, usually wrapped in seaweed and filled or topped with fish, vegetables or meat.


cheerio

/ˈtʃɪəɹ.i.əʊ/

/ˈt͡ʃɪəɹ.i.oʊ/

嗨

translations to be checked: exclamation used when greeting as well as when parting

"In that case," said Archie, relieved, "cheerio, good luck, pip-pip, toodle-oo, and good-bye-ee! I'll be shifting!"

1921, P. G. Wodehouse, Indiscretions of Archie, ch. XIII. Rallying Round Percy:

But we all knew it wasn't the final end of the HST. This wasn't "goodbye", more like a "cheerio, see you someplace soon".

2019 October 23, Pip Dunn, “The next king of Scotland”, in Rail, page 50:

(UK, Ireland, Commonwealth, informal) Goodbye, an interjection said upon parting.


cheerio

/ˈtʃɪəɹ.i.əʊ/

/ˈt͡ʃɪəɹ.i.oʊ/

The man who has gone around the cocktail circuit pounding cheerios to the end of time did not come in here and open his mouth once on the Bill.

1978, New Zealand. Parliament. House of Representatives, Parliamentary Debates, page 4230:

(Queensland, New Zealand) A small saveloy often consumed with tomato sauce at parties.


cheeseburger

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Etymology tree
Latin cāseusbor.
Proto-West Germanic *kāsī
Old English ċīese
Middle English chese
English cheese
English hamburger
English cheeseburger
Blend of cheese + hamburger (1928). By surface analysis, cheese + -burger.

etymon

Neon in daylight is a / great pleasure, as Edwin Denby would / write, as are light bulbs in daylight. / I stop for a cheeseburger at JULIET'S / CORNER.

1956, Frank O'Hara, A Step Away from Them:

Busy Americans (many women were working and not cooking as much) were dining on foods such as deep-fried chicken, thick slices of pizza, double cheeseburgers, and big slabs of steak.

2007, Loretta Ichord, Double Cheeseburgers, Quiche, and Vegetarian Burritos, page 48:

A hamburger containing cheese (usually one or more slices of processed cheese).


processed cheese

en-noun

processed cheese (usually uncountable, plural processed cheeses)

Any of several types of natural cheese that are pasteurized to lengthen storage life and combined with emulsifiers to aid smoothness. In some cases processed cheeses contain added colorings and preservatives.


liqueur

liqueur (countable and uncountable, plural liqueurs)

Unadapted borrowing from French liqueur. Doublet of liquor.

A flavored alcoholic beverage that is usually very sweet and contains a high percentage of alcohol.


mount

en-verb

mount (third-person singular simple present mounts, present participle mounting, simple past and past participle mounted)

mounts (present singular third-person)
mounting (participle present)
mounted (participle past)
mounted (past)

From Middle English mounten, from Anglo-Norman munter, from Vulgar Latin *montāre (“climb”), from Latin montem (“mountain”). Compare modern French monter.

Mount the sauce with one tablespoon of butter.

(cooking) To incorporate fat, especially butter, into (a dish, especially a sauce to finish it).


fondant

en-noun

fondant (countable and uncountable, plural fondants)

19th century. Unadapted borrowing from French fondant (“melting”), from fondre (“to melt”), from Latin fundere (“to melt”).

ubor

fondant chocolate

fondant cheese

Start with a Cortland apple salad, beets with goat cheese fondant, […]

2010, Paul Karr, Frommer's Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine, →ISBN:


barbecue

en-noun

barbecue (countable and uncountable, plural barbecues)

→ Cebuano: barbekyu

→ Tagalog: barbikyu

From mid-17th century. Borrowed from Spanish barbacoa, from Taíno barbakoa (“framework of sticks”), the raised wooden structure the natives used to either sleep on or cure meat. Originally “meal of roasted meat or fish”. Doublet of balbacua and barbacoa.

We cooked our food on the barbecue.

A fireplace or pit for grilling food, typically used outdoors and traditionally employing hot charcoal as the heating medium.

We're having a barbecue on Saturday, and you're invited.

A meal or event highlighted by food cooked in such an apparatus.

She ordered a plate of barbecue with a side of slaw.

Meat, especially pork or beef, which has been cooked in such an apparatus (i.e. smoked over indirect heat from high-smoke fuels) and then chopped up or shredded.

(dated) A hog, ox, or other large animal roasted or broiled whole for a feast.

Drying the coffee beans took place in a barbecue, basically a large, flat platform, where the pulped coffee beans could be laid out and turned as they dried. Barbecues were often walled around and raised above ground level.

2000, Andrew Gerald Gravette, Architectural Heritage of the Caribbean, page 227:

A floor on which coffee beans are sun-dried.


barbecue

en-verb

barbecue (third-person singular simple present barbecues, present participle barbecuing or barbecueing, simple past and past participle barbecued)

barbecues (present singular third-person)
barbecuing (participle present)
barbecueing (participle present)
barbecued (participle past)
barbecued (past)

Then he picked up a flamethrower and he barbecued Blitzen
And he took a big bite and said, "It tastes just like chicken"

1996, "Weird Al" Yankovic (lyrics and music), “The Night Santa Went Crazy”, in Bad Hair Day:

To kill or destroy using high heat or fire; to cook; to burn.


shiner

From Middle English schyner, equivalent to shine + -er. Compare Old English sċīnere (“one who produces deceptive appearances, magician”).

cog

Shiners are a big part of the wine business. […] Shiners are finished, bottled wines that don’t have a label or typically any other identifying feature until a vintner purchases them and then places a label on the bottles. […] They’re called shiners because they are unlabeled and have a “shiny” appearance.

2008, James Laube, “Shiners Are a Secret Part of the Wine Business”, in Wine Spectator:

(wine) A bottle of finished wine, without a label.


éclair

A small chocolate-covered creme-filled pastry puff in a general oblong shape, typically larger than the miniature French version.

إِكْلِير

oblong, chocolate-covered, cream-filled pastry


remove

From Middle English removen, from Anglo-Norman remover, removeir, from Old French remouvoir, from Latin removēre, from re- + movēre (“to move”), equivalent to re- + move. Displaced native Old English āfierran.

A supper brings up the rear, not forgetting the introductory luncheon, almost equalling in removes the dinner.

1796, Mary Wollstonecraft, Letters Written in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, Oxford, published 2009, page 16:

An attempt at entrées and removes failed at the first dinner-party.

1842, [Katherine] Thomson, chapter XIII, in Widows and Widowers. A Romance of Real Life., volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 289:

(cooking, now chiefly historical) A dish served to replace an earlier one during a meal; a part of a new course.


noble

en-adj

noble (comparative nobler or more noble, superlative noblest or most noble)

nobler (comparative)
more noble (comparative)
noblest (superlative)
most noble (superlative)

From Middle English, from Old French noble, from Latin nōbilis (“knowable, known, well-known, famous, celebrated, high-born, of noble birth, excellent”), from nōscere, gnōscere (“to know”).
False cognate of Arabic نبيل (nabīl). Displaced native Middle English athel, from Old English æþele.

der

(winemaking) Belonging to a class of grape cultivars traditionally considered most favorable for winemaking, usually encompassing the six: Merlot, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon blanc, Chardonnay, and Riesling.


car bomb

An alcoholic beverage made by dropping a shot of liquor into a glass of beer.


poultry

en-noun

poultry (usually uncountable, plural poultries)

From Middle English pultrie, from Old French pouleterie, from poulet, diminutive of poule (“hen”), from Latin pullus (“chick”).
For the development of Middle English /u/ to modern /oʊ/, /əʊ/ before /lt/, /ld/, /ln/, compare boult, boulder, colter/coulter, poultice, shoulder, won't.

a poultry farmer

Domestic fowl (e.g. chickens, ducks, turkeys, geese) raised for food (meat, eggs, or both).


sip

en-verb

sip (third-person singular simple present sips, present participle sipping, simple past and past participle sipped)

sips (present singular third-person)
sipping (participle present)
sipped (participle past)
sipped (past)

Inherited from Middle English sippen, of uncertain origin. Compare with Low German sippen (“to sip”). Possibly from a variant of Middle English suppen (“to drink, sip”) (see sup) or perhaps from Old English sipian, sypian (“to take in moisture, soak, macerate”), from Proto-Germanic *sipōną (“to drip, trickle”), from Proto-Indo-European *seyb- (“to pour out, trickle, leak out”). Compare also Old High German supfen (“to drink, sip”), from Proto-Germanic *sūpaną (“to sip, intake”).

noncog

They skim the floods, and sip the purple flowers.

1697, Virgil, “The Fourth Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:

To taste the liquor of; to drink out of.


black pudding

A blood sausage made from pork blood, a high proportion of cereal (oats or barley), and spices; eaten at breakfast and combined in starters and salads.

gwadegenn

blood sausage with high proportion of cereal


chou

From French chou (“cabbage”); compare French pâte à choux (“choux pastry”). Doublet of caulis, cole, and kale.

(baking) Choux pastry, usually in the form of a small round cake with a sweet filling.


seaweed

en-noun

seaweed (usually uncountable, plural seaweeds)

We have lingered in the chambers of the sea / By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown / Till human voices wake us, and we drown.

1915 June, T[homas] S[tearns] Eliot, “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”, in Prufrock and Other Observations, London: The Egoist […], published 1917, →OCLC, page 16:

The tide was out, and we drew up amid the strong bracing smell of seaweed, with gulls screeching, wheeling around, and gliding on the wind.

1947 January and February, O. S. Nock, “"The Aberdonian" in Wartime”, in Railway Magazine, page 8:

Any of numerous marine plants and algae, such as a kelp.

todhar (North Uist, Benbecula, Eriskay, Barra)

With light penetrating to the lake bottom, beds of seaweed flourished where little had grown before.

1995, Dan McCosh, “Aliens among us”, in Popular Science, page 94:

(by extension) Any of various fresh water plants and algae.


salami

salami (countable and uncountable, plural salamis)

From Italian salami, plural of salame (“salami”), from sale (“salt”), from Latin sal.

A large cured meat sausage of Italian origin, served in slices.


tipsy

en-adj

tipsy (comparative tipsier, superlative tipsiest)

tipsier (comparative)
tipsiest (superlative)

From tips + -y. Compare artsy, folksy, and sudsy.

tipsy apple pie


shoulder

From Middle English schuldre, sholder, shulder, schulder, from Old English sculdra, sculdor (“shoulder”), from Proto-West Germanic *skuldru (“shoulder”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *skelduz (“shield”), see shield. Cognate with Old Frisian skuldere (“shoulder”) (West Frisian skouder (“shoulder”)), Middle Low German scholder (“shoulder”), Low German Schuller (“shoulder”), Dutch schouder (“shoulder”), German Schulter (“shoulder”).

inh

you can't put an old head on young shoulders

Coordinate term: noon balloon

For a round-trip journey starting from the UK during the shoulder period (1 April-30 June) […]

1976, Trade and Industry, volume 25, page 270:

the determination of noise-induced disturbances during the shoulder hours and their consequences for the consecutive sleep period

2003, Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem (Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 29 June-3 July 2003), page 184:

(aviation) A season or a time of day when there is relatively little air traffic.