eat

en-verb

eat (third-person singular simple present eats, present participle eating, simple past ate or (dialectal) et or (obsolete) eat, past participle eaten or (dialectal) etten)

eats (present singular third-person)
eating (participle present)
ate (past)
et (dialectal past)
eat (obsolete past)
eaten (participle past)
etten (dialectal participle past)
eat (infinitive)

From Middle English eten, from Old English etan (“to eat”), from Proto-West Germanic *etan, from Proto-Germanic *etaną (“to eat”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti, from *h₁ed- (“to eat”).

could eat the arse out of a low flying duck

could eat the crotch out of a low flying duck

could eat the crutch from a low flying duck

the cat would eat fish but would not wet her feet

the proof of the pudding is in the eating

Eat me!

I ate his ass.

Yeah, eat that dick / eat that pussy.

(transitive, slang) To perform oral sex (on a person or body part).


feed

en-noun

feed (countable and uncountable, plural feeds)

From Middle English fede, fed, from the verb (see above). Alternatively, perhaps from Old Norse fœða (“nourishment, food”), from Proto-Germanic *fōdijaną (“to feed”), whence also Old English fēdan (“to feed”).

Coordinate term: fodder

They sell feed, riding helmets, and everything else for horses.

(uncountable) Food given to (especially herbivorous) non-human animals.

yem

food given to (especially herbivorous) animals


grind

en-verb

grind (third-person singular simple present grinds, present participle grinding, simple past and past participle ground or grinded)

grinds (present singular third-person)
grinding (participle present)
ground (participle past)
ground (past)
grinded (participle past)
grinded (past)
grind (infinitive)
grind (infinitive)

From Middle English grynden, from Old English grindan, from Proto-West Germanic *grindan, from Proto-Germanic *grindaną.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian gríende, griene (“to grind, mill”), Dutch grinden (“to grind”, rare) and grind (“gravel, shingle”), Albanian grind (“to brawl, fight”).

the mill cannot grind with water that is past

I need to pontificate on something that really grinds me. So here goes. I am sick and tired of lazy thinkers using the defense of “legislated morality.”

2003, Steven Wunderink, Minding Your Spiritual Business: Life Stories with Life Sense, page 139:

(transitive, slang) To annoy or irritate (a person); to grind one's gears.


grind

en-noun

grind (countable and uncountable, plural grinds)

This bag contains espresso grind.

A specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans.

jauhatus

a specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans


lean

Probably from the verb to lean (see etymology 1 above), supposedly because consumption of the intoxicating beverage causes one to "lean". Alternatively, possibly short for gasoline (“an alcoholic beverage made of vodka and energy drink”).

Eyes real tight 'cause I'm chokin' the creep; vision messed up 'cause I'm drinkin' the lean.

2005, “Stay Fly”, in Jordan Houston, Darnell Carlton, Paul Beauregard, Premro Smith, Marlon Goodwin, David Brown, Willie Hutchinson (lyrics), Most Known Unknown, performed by Three 6 Mafia (featuring Young Buck, 8 Ball, and MJG), Sony BMG:

"What's in the cup, let me see that / Girl, where the rest of that promethazine at?" / She said, "Cool, gotta run out to my Cadillac though / And I'll be like Fat Joe, and bring the lean back"

2020, “Those Kinda Nights”, in Music to Be Murdered By, performed by Eminem ft. Ed Sheeran:

(slang, US) A recreational drug based on codeine-laced promethazine cough syrup, especially popular in the hip hop community in the southeastern United States.


light

en-adj

light (comparative lighter, superlative lightest)

lighter (comparative)
lightest (superlative)

forceful

antonym(s) of “having little force or momentum”

calorific

antonym(s) of “low in fat, calories, etc”

crucial

antonym(s) of “having little value or significance”

From Old English lēoht, līht, from Proto-West Germanic *lį̄ht, from Proto-Germanic *linhtaz or *līhtaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“light”).
Cognate with Dutch licht, German leicht, Swedish lätt, Norwegian lett, Albanian lehtë, Latin levis, Russian лёгкий (ljóxkij), Lithuanian lengvas, Sanskrit लघु (laghu), Persian لاغر (lāghar).

a light bread ; sponge cake is a light cake

(cooking) Not heavy or soggy; spongy; well raised.


baloney

Origin unclear. Perhaps from the Polari slang word balonie. Alternatively, perhaps simply from bologna (“sausage”), possibly used as a minced oath for bullshit.

That's a bunch of baloney! I don't believe one word!

(uncountable, chiefly US, slang) Nonsense.

no matter how thin you slice it, it's still baloney


back

front

antonym(s) of “side opposite the front or useful side”

front

antonym(s) of “that which is farthest away from the front”

From Middle English bak, from Old English bæc, from Proto-West Germanic *bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg- (“to bend”). The adverb represents an aphetic form of aback.
Compare Middle Low German bak (“back”), from Old Saxon bak, and West Frisian bekling (“chair back”), Old High German bah, Swedish and Norwegian bak. Cognate with German Bache (“sow [adult female hog]”).

agter

break one's arm patting oneself on the back

could be written on the back of a postage stamp

could fit on the back of a postage stamp

you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours

Could I get a martini with a water back?

A non-alcoholic drink (often water or a soft drink), to go with hard liquor or a cocktail.


hogwash

en-noun

hogwash (usually uncountable, plural hogwashes)

From Middle English *hoggewasch (found only as Middle English hoggyswasch (“refuse of the kitchen for feeding pigs”, literally “hog's wash”)), equivalent to hog + wash.

cog

(literal) A mixture of solid and liquid food scraps fed to pigs; swill.


wine

en-noun

wine (countable and uncountable, plural wines)

Tok Pisin: wain
→ Rotokas: uain

→ Burmese: ဝိုင် (wuing)

→ Central Melanau: wain

→ Chuukese: wain

→ Ewe: wein

→ Hawaiian: waina

→ Japanese: ワイン (wain)

→ Kannada: ವೈನ್ (vain)

→ Korean: 와인 (wain)

→ Malay: wain

→ Maori: wāina

→ Navajo: wáán

→ Tamil: வைன் (vaiṉ)

→ Thai: ไวน์ (waai)

From Middle English wyn, win, from Old English wīn, from Proto-West Germanic *wīn, from Proto-Germanic *wīną, either directly or via Latin vīnum (from Proto-Italic *wīnom) from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom (“wine”). Doublet of vine and vino.

خَمْر

alcoholic beverage made from other fruits, vegetables or plants

And David's Lips are lock't; but in divine
High piping Péhlevi, with "Wine! Wine! Wine!
Red Wine!" — the Nightingale cries to the Rose
That yellow Cheek of her's to'incarnadine.

1859, Edward Fitzgerald, The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám: The Astronomer-Poet of Persia, page 2:

In Europe then [1925] we thought of wine as something as healthy and normal as food and also as a great giver of happiness and well being and delight. Drinking wine was not a snobbism nor a sign of sophistication nor a cult; it was as natural as eating and to me as necessary, and I would not have thought of eating a meal without drinking either wine or cider or beer.

1964, Ernest Hemingway, A Moveable Feast, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 156:

Wine is usually stronger than beer.

"Wine improves with age but I improve with wine," she slurred as she slid gracefully beneath the table.

An alcoholic beverage made by fermenting grape juice, with an ABV ranging from 5.5–16%.

...dandelion wine, rice wine, plum wine...

An alcoholic beverage made by fermenting other substances, producing a similar ABV.

I'd like three beers and two wines, please. My friend will have the same.


wine

en-verb

wine (third-person singular simple present wines, present participle wining, simple past and past participle wined)

wines (present singular third-person)
wining (participle present)
wined (participle past)
wined (past)

I rushed into my cabin, coffeed, wined, and went to bed sobbing.

1839, Thomas Chandler Haliburton, The Clockmaker:


wine

A variant of wind with simplification of the final consonant cluster; for the vowel quality, compare find, mind, rind.

Vor voices rawze upon tha wine

1850, James Orchard Halliwell, A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs, and Ancient Customs, from the Fourteenth Century:

Aw how sholl I tell o’m—vor âll pirty maidens / When I pass’d ’em look’d back—ther smill rawze on tha wine.

1869, James Jennings, The Dialect of the West of England, particularly Somersetshire:


Graham bread

en-noun

Graham bread (countable and uncountable, plural Graham breads)

Eponymously from Sylvester Graham, a lecturer on dietetics.

Bread baked from graham flour, a type of unsifted wheat flour.


cheese

cheese (countable and uncountable, plural cheeses or (archaic) cheesen)

cheeses (plural)
cheesen (archaic plural)

fill

dummy pattern to increase pattern density

Tok Pisin: sis

Borrowings

→ Abenaki: chiz

→ Cantonese: 芝士 (zi¹ si⁶⁻²)

→ Chichewa: tchizi

→ Coeur d'Alene: chis

→ Dhivehi: ޗީޒު (cīzu)

→ Fijian: jisi

→ Gilbertese: titi

→ Hakka: 起士 (chhí-sṳ̀)

→ Hindi: चीज़ (cīz)

→ Igbo: chiz

→ Japanese: チーズ (chīzu)

→ Korean: 치즈 (chijeu)

→ Malayalam: ചീസ് (cīsŭ)

desc

→ Mandarin: 起士 (qǐshì), 起司, 芝士 (zhīshì), 吉士 (jíshì)

→ Maori: tīhi

→ Marathi: चीझ (cījh)

→ Marshallese: jiij

→ Mohegan-Pequot: cihs; cheehs (obsolete)

→ Nepali: चिज (cij), चीज (cīj)

→ Punjabi: ਚੀਜ਼ (cīz)

→ Samoan: sisi

→ Tokelauan: hihi

→ Sinhalese: චීස් (cīs)

→ Swahili: chizi

→ Thai: ชีส (chíis)

→ Tongan: siisi

→ Tswana: tshise

→ Western Ojibwa: ᒌᐦᐢ (cîhs, jiis) (Saulteaux dialects)

→ Wu: 起司

→ Xhosa: itshizi

→ Zulu: ushizi

Etymology tree
Latin cāseusbor.
Proto-West Germanic *kāsī
Old English ċīese
Middle English chese
English cheese
From Middle English chese, from Old English ċīese, specifically the Anglian form ċēse, from Proto-West Germanic *kāsī, borrowed from Latin cāseus. Doublet of queso.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Síes (“cheese”), West Frisian tsiis (“cheese”), Dutch kaas (“cheese”), German Low German Kees (“cheese”), German Käse (“cheese”).

etymon

(uncountable) A dairy product made from curdled or cultured milk.

A substance resembling cream cheese, such as lemon cheese

(uncountable, slang) A dangerous mixture of black tar heroin and crushed Tylenol PM tablets. The resulting powder resembles grated cheese and is snorted.


body

en-noun

body (countable and uncountable, plural bodies)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ-
Proto-West Germanic *bodag
Old English bodiġ
Middle English bodi
English body
From Middle English bodi, bodiȝ, from Old English bodiġ (“body, trunk, chest, torso, height, stature”), from Proto-West Germanic *bodag (“body, trunk”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake, observe”). Cognate with Old High German botah (whence Swabian Bottich (“body, torso”)).

der

body-focused repetitive behavior disorder

The voice had an extraordinary sadness. Pure from all body, pure from all passion, going out into the world, solitary, unanswered, breaking against rocks—so it sounded.

1922 October 26, Virginia Woolf, chapter 1, in Jacob’s Room, Richmond, London: […] Leonard & Virginia Woolf at the Hogarth Press, →OCLC; republished London: The Hogarth Press, 1960, →OCLC:

We have given body to what was just a vague idea.

(uncountable) Substance; physical presence.

Material entity.
Substance; physical presence.

The red wine, sadly, lacked body.

"I’d Be Lost Without You" seems somewhat out of place from a vocal viewpoint — Lewis’s slightly reedy middle soprano is very expressive and absolutely true, but doesn’t have enough dark body to fully deal with the torchy melody.

1989 August 12, Caroline Foty, “Hindsights”, in Gay Community News, volume 17, number 5, page 7:

(uncountable) Comparative viscosity, solidity or substance (in wine, colours etc.).

有黏性

comparative viscosity, solidity or substance


bread

From Middle English brede (“breadth, width, extent”), from Old English brǣdu (“breadth, width, extent”), from Proto-Germanic *braidį̄ (“breadth”). Cognate with Scots brede, breid (“breadth”), Dutch breedte (“breadth”), German Breite (“breadth”), Swedish bredd (“breadth”), Icelandic breidd (“breadth”).

inh

(obsolete or UK dialectal, Scotland) Breadth.


butter

en-noun

butter (usually uncountable, plural butters)

→ Japanese: バター (batā)

→ Korean: 빠다 (ppada) (North Korea), 버터 (beoteo) (South Korea)

→ Sinhalese: බටර් (baṭar)

→ Zulu: ibhotela

From Middle English buter, butter, from Old English butere, from Proto-West Germanic *buterā, from Latin būtȳrum, from Ancient Greek βούτῡρον (boútūron, “cow cheese”), compound of βοῦς (boûs, “ox, cow”) and τῡρός (tūrós, “cheese”).

der

H@TipPalm-PalmDown-OpenB@CenterChesthigh-PalmUp Contact H@BasePalm H@TipPalm Contact H@BasePalm H@TipPalm Contact H@BasePalm

ܟܪܥܐ

kərāʿāʾ, kārʿāʾ, karʿāʾ

butter would not melt in someone's mouth

A soft, fatty foodstuff made by churning the cream of milk (generally cow's milk).

peanut butter

soy butter

chocolate butter

Any of various foodstuffs made from other foods or oils, similar in consistency to, eaten like or intended as a substitute for butter (preceded by the name of the food used to make it).

That landing was total butter!

(aviation, slang) A smooth plane landing.


butter

en-verb

butter (third-person singular simple present butters, present participle buttering, simple past and past participle buttered)

butters (present singular third-person)
buttering (participle present)
buttered (participle past)
buttered (past)

know which side one's bread is buttered on

(skiing, snowboarding) To move one's weight backwards or forwards onto the tips or tails of one's skis or snowboard so only the tip or tail is in contact with the snow. Similar to applying butter to bread with then end of a butterknife.

To spin on skis or a snowboard using only the tips or tails being in contact with the snow


butter

Someone or something that butts in; a busybody.


McJob

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-McJob.wav

From Mc- + job, entry-level jobs at McDonald's restaurants being considered to be this sort of job.

What are you going to do this summer? –I'm going to find a McJob for the evenings and hang out at the beach during the day.

Many politicos claim most new jobs are low-pay, dead-enders, “McJobs.”

1987 March 9, Steve Forbes, “Major problem with the American economy: hypochondria”, in Forbes, 139, p33:

Shortly after the opening of the Latham McDonald’s, the first in the Capital District, Zdunek, then 16, hopped on his Cushman motor scooter, rode from his Halfmoon home and applied for his first Mcjob. The wage was $1.25 an hour.

1989 October 19, Paul Grondahl, “Managers get behind the grill”, in Albany Times Union, page C1:

The car was the color of butter and bore a bumper sticker saying WE’RE SPENDING OUR CHILDREN’S INHERITANCE, a message that I suppose irked Dag, who was bored and cranky after eight hours of working his McJob (“Low pay, low prestige, low benefits, low future”).

1991, Douglas Coupland, Generation X, New York: St. Martin's Press, →OCLC, page 5:

(colloquial, sometimes derogatory) A typically entry-level job, often part-time or temporary, generally paying low wages and requiring minimal training, such as entry-level positions at fast-food restaurants.

List of words formed from the prefix Mc- derived from McDonald’s


prove

From Middle English proven, from Old English prōfian (“to esteem, regard as, evince, try, prove”) and Old French prover (“to prove”), both from Latin probō (“test, try, examine, approve, show to be good or fit, prove”, verb), from probus (“good, worthy, excellent”), from Proto-Indo-European *pro-bʰuH-s (“being in front, prominent”), from *pro-, *per- (“toward”) + *bʰuH- (“to be”). Displaced native Middle English sothen (“to prove”), from Old English sōþian (“to prove”). Doublet of probe. More at for, be, soothe.

der

You may also need to think about what the prove is doing to the loaf of bread — it is warming the dough and making it moist, allowing it to rise […]

2009, Paul Allam, David McGuinness, Bourke Street Bakery: the ultimate baking companion:


shot

en-noun

shot (countable and uncountable, plural shots)

→ Dutch: shot

→ French: shot

→ Macedonian: шот (šot)

→ Malay: syot

→ Polish: shot

→ Portuguese: shot

→ Russian: шот (šot)

→ Spanish: shot

→ Swedish: shot

→ Ukrainian: шот (šot)

From Old English sceot, from Proto-Germanic *skutą; compare the doublet scot.

you miss 100% of the shots you don't take


spin

en-verb

spin (third-person singular simple present spins, present participle spinning, simple past spun or (uncommon) span or (nonstandard) spinned, past participle spun or (nonstandard) spinned)

spins (present singular third-person)
spinning (participle present)
spun (past)
span (past uncommon)
spinned (nonstandard past)
spun (participle past)
spinned (nonstandard participle past)

From Middle English spinnen, from Old English spinnan, from Proto-Germanic *spinnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁-. Compare Low German spinnen, Dutch spinnen, German spinnen, Danish spinde, Swedish spinna.

(cooking) To form into thin strips or ribbons, as with sugar

kehrätä

cooking: to form into thin strips or ribbons, as with sugar


spread

en-noun

spread (countable and uncountable, plural spreads)

From Middle English spreden, from Old English sprǣdan (“to spread, expand”), from Proto-Germanic *spraidijaną (“to spread”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)per- (“to strew, sow, sprinkle”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian spreede (“to spread”), West Frisian spriede (“to spread”), North Frisian spriedjen (“to spread”), Dutch spreiden (“to spread”), Low German spreden (“to spread”), German spreiten (“to spread, spread out”), Norwegian spre, spreie (“to spread, disseminate”), Swedish sprida (“to spread”), Latin spernō, spargō, Ancient Greek σπείρω (speírō), Persian سپردن (sepordan, “to deposit”), English spurn.

cog

(prison slang, uncountable) Food improvised by inmates from various ingredients to relieve the tedium of prison food.


stiff

en-adj

stiff (comparative stiffer, superlative stiffest)

stiffer (comparative)
stiffest (superlative)

From Middle English stiff, stiffe, stif, from Old English stīf, from Proto-West Germanic *stīf, from Proto-Germanic *stīfaz, from Proto-Indo-European *steypós.
See also West Frisian stiif, Dutch stijf, Norwegian Bokmål stiv, German steif; also Latin stīpes, stīpō, from which English stevedore.
The expected Modern English form would be /staɪf/; /stɪf/ is probably originally from compounds such as stiffly, where the vowel was shortened before a consonant cluster.

beat the egg whites until they are stiff

(cooking, of whipping cream or egg whites) Beaten until so aerated that they stand up straight on their own.


shape

en-noun

shape (countable and uncountable, plural shapes)

From Middle English shap, schape, from Old English ġesceap (“shape, form, created being, creature, creation, dispensation, fate, condition, sex, gender, genitalia”), from Proto-West Germanic *ga- + *skap, from Proto-Germanic *ga- + *skapą (“shape, nature, condition”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kep- (“to split, cut”).
The verb is from Middle English shapen, schapen, from Old English scieppan (“to shape, form, make, create, assign, arrange, destine, order, adjudge”), from Proto-West Germanic *skappjan, from Proto-Germanic *skapjaną (“to create”), from the noun.
The noun is cognate with Middle Dutch schap (“form”), Middle High German geschaf (“creature”), Icelandic skap (“state, condition, temper, mood”). The verb is cognate with Dutch scheppen, German schaffen, Swedish skapa (“create, make”), Norwegian Bokmål skape (“create”). Doublet of -ship.

cog

And if I 'm late for supper there 's a dish of macaroni cheese you must put in the oven and a tin of tomatoes to eat with it. And there is a little rhubarb and shape.

1918 March, Rebecca West [pseudonym; Cicily Isabel Fairfield], chapter IV, in The Return of the Soldier, 1st US edition, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC, page 92:

It was brawn and shape for high tea.

1978, Jane Gardam, God on the Rocks, Abacus, published 2014, page 111:

(cooking, now rare) A mould for making blancmange, jelly, etc., or a piece of such food formed moulded into a particular shape.


round

From Middle English round, rounde, from Old Northern French roünt, rund, Old French ront, runt, reont ( > French rond), from both Late Latin retundus and the original Latin rotundus. The noun developed partly from the adjective and partly from the corresponding French noun rond. Doublet of rotund.

раздаване

card games: moment from the deal until the players are finished with the cards

A Cave[…],
Where light and darkness in perpetual round
Lodge and dislodge by turns.

1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:


round

en-verb

round (third-person singular simple present rounds, present participle rounding, simple past and past participle rounded)

rounds (present singular third-person)
rounding (participle present)
rounded (participle past)
rounded (past)

(medicine, colloquial) To do ward rounds.


cook

Sranan Tongo: kukru (via cook room)

Aukan: kukuu

Tok Pisin: kuk

→ Norman: couque

→ Portuguese: cuca

→ Thai: กุ๊ก (gúk)

→ Tokelauan: kuka

From Middle English cook, from Old English cōc (“a cook”), from Latin cocus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ- (“to cook, become ripe”).
Cognate with Low German kokk, Dutch kok, German Koch, Danish kok, Norwegian kokk, Swedish kock, Icelandic kokkur (“cook”). Also compare Proto-West Germanic *kokōn (“to cook”).

inh

Audio (UK) "to cook"

some speakers from Northern England and Ireland

cuck (most accents without the foot-strut split)

I'm a terrible cook, so I eat a lot of frozen dinners.

(cooking) The head cook of a manor house.

(cooking) The degree or quality of cookedness of food.


cook

en-verb

cook (third-person singular simple present cooks, present participle cooking, simple past and past participle cooked)

cooks (present singular third-person)
cooking (participle present)
cooked (participle past)
cooked (past)
cook (infinitive)

→? Cantonese: 焗 (guk⁶)

→ Norman: coutchi

From Middle English coken, from the noun cook. In the slang sense of "proceed with some plan", coined by American rapper from California Lil B in 2010 and popularized in viral tweets and TikToks in mid-2022.

coinage

Audio (UK) "to cook"

there's more than one way to cook an egg

They all of them receive the same advices from abroad, and very often in the same words; but their way of cooking it is so different, that there is no citizen, who has an eye to the public good, who can leave the coffee-house with peace of mind...

1880, Joseph Addison with Richard John Green, “The newspaper”, in Essays of Joseph Addison, London: Roger de Coverly Club, page 154:

(transitive, slang) To tamper with or alter; to cook up.


bitter

en-adj

bitter (comparative more bitter or bitterer, superlative most bitter or bitterest)

more bitter (comparative)
bitterer (comparative)
most bitter (superlative)
bitterest (superlative)

Sranan Tongo: bita

From Middle English bitter, bittre, from Old English bitter, biter (“bitter”), from Proto-West Germanic *bitr, from Proto-Germanic *bitraz (“bitter”), equivalent to bite + -er (agent noun suffix) used attributively. Cognate with Saterland Frisian bitter, West Frisian bitter, Low German bitter, Dutch bitter, German bitter, Swedish bitter, Icelandic bitur (all meaning “bitter”).

The coffee tasted bitter.

Long after his cigar burnt bitter, he sat with eyes fixed on the blaze. When the flames at last began to flicker and subside, his lids fluttered, then drooped; but he had lost all reckoning of time when he opened them again to find Miss Erroll in furs and ball-gown kneeling on the hearth[…].

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter III, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

A few types of molecules get sensed by receptors on the tongue. Protons coming off of acids ping receptors for "sour." Sugars get received as "sweet." Bitter, salty, and the proteinaceous flavor umami all set off their own neural cascades.

2018 May 16, Adam Rogers, “The Fundamental Nihilism of Yanny vs. Laurel”, in Wired:

Having an acrid taste (usually from a basic substance).

It was at the end of February, […] when the world was cold, and a bitter wind howled down the moors […].

1999, Neil Gaiman, Stardust, p.31 (Perennial paperback edition)


anchovy

From Spanish anchoa, from Genoese Ligurian anciôa or related Corsican anchjuva, anciua. The term's ultimate origin is unclear; some suggest it may have derived from an unattested Vulgar Latin term *apiuva, from Latin aphyē, apua, from Ancient Greek ἀφύη (aphúē) (which may be formed like Sanskrit अभ्व (ábhva-, “monster”)); others suggest it comes from Basque antxu, anchu (“dried fish”), from anchuva (“dry”), if that Basque term is not itself derived from Latin via some intermediary.

Coordinate term: sardine

[T]he cooks were laying a refection before him of sack and anchovies and garlic sausage and gammons of bacon and - this was the important item - a great pudding dish out of which rose the noble dome of a crisp brown pie-crust.

1936, Norman Lindsay, The Flyaway Highway, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 40:

Any small saltwater fish of the Engraulidae family, consisting of 160 species in 16 genera, of which the genus Engraulis is widely sold as food.


cake

en-noun

cake (countable and uncountable, plural cakes)

Tok Pisin: kek

→ Albanian: kek

→ Arabic: كَيْك (kayk)

→ Assamese: কে’ক (këk)

→ Atong (India): kek

→ Bengali: কেক (kek)

→⇒ Burmese: ကိတ်မုန့် (kitmun.)

→ Cantonese: 𠽤 (gik¹)

→ Cebuano: keyk

→ Dhivehi: ކޭކު (kēku)

→ Dutch: kaak (spelling pronunciation), cake (also keek, older also kaaks, keeks)

→ Fijian: keke

→ Fiji Hindi: kek

→ French: cake
→ Greek: κεκ (kek)

→ Greek: κέικ (kéik)

→ Gujarati: કેક (kek)

→ Gulf Arabic: كيكة (kēka)

→ Hausa: kyât

→ Hijazi Arabic: كيكة (kēka)

→ Hindi: केक (kek)

→ Iban: kek

→ Indonesian: keik

→ Japanese: ケーキ (kēki)

→ Korean: 케익 (keik), 케이크 (keikeu)

→ Lao: ເຄັກ (khek)

→ Macanese: queique

→ Malay: kek

→ Malayalam: കേക്ക് (kēkkŭ)

→ Maori: keke

→ Nauruan: keik

→ Persian: کِیک /کیک (keyk/kêk)

→ Portuguese: queque

→ Romanian: chec

→ Russian: кек (kek)

→ Spanish: queique, queque, keke; cake

→ Swahili: keki

→ Swazi: líkhékhe

→ Tagalog: keyk, keik

desctree

→ Thai: เค้ก (kéek)
→ Urak Lawoi': เคก (khëk)

→ Tongan: keke

→ Turkish: kek

→ Urdu: کیک (kek)

→ Volapük: kek

→ Xhosa: íkéki, ikeyiki

→ Yoruba: kéèkì

→ Zazaki: kek

→ Zulu: îkhékhe

→ Danish: kiks, (older) keks
→ Faroese: keks
→ Icelandic: kex

→ German: Keks, (obsolete) Cakes
→ Belarusian: кекс (kjeks)
→ Hungarian: keksz
→ Lithuanian: keksas
→ Macedonian: кекс (keks)
→ Polish: keks
→ Kashubian: keks
→ Vilamovian: kēks
→ Yiddish: קעקס (keks)
→ Russian: кекс (keks)
→ Chuvash: кекс (keks)
→ Crimean Tatar: keks
→ Yiddish: קעקס (keks)
→ Serbo-Croatian: kȅks, ке̏кс
→ Ukrainian: кекс (keks)

→ Greek: κέικς (kéiks)

→ Norwegian:

Bokmål: kjeks

Nynorsk: kjeks

→ Swedish: kex, käx (dated)
→ Finnish: keksi

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *kakǭ
Old Norse kakabor.
Middle English cake
English cake
From Middle English cake, from Old Norse kaka (“cake”) (compare Norwegian kake, Icelandic/Swedish kaka, Danish kage), from Proto-Germanic *kakǭ, of disputed origin. Likely a distant cognate with kaak. Perhaps related to cookie, kuchen, and quiche. Doublet of coca (pastry).

etymon

A rich, sweet dessert food, typically made of flour, sugar, and eggs and baked in an oven, and often covered in icing.

gâteau

large cake served in slices, or a small, individual cake


base

en-noun

base (countable and uncountable, plural bases)

acid

antonym(s) of “chemical compound that will neutralize an alkali”

From Middle English base, bas, baas, from Old French base, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek βάσις (básis). Doublet of basis and bass.

أَسَاس

something from which other things extend

(cooking, painting, pharmacy) A basic but essential component or ingredient.

perusraaka-aine

cooking, painting, pharmacy: basic but essential component or ingredient


bitters

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bitters.wav

A liquid used in mixed drinks or as a tonic into which bitter herbs have been steeped (it can also be found in powdered form for adding to mixed drinks).


IPA

IPA (countable and uncountable, plural IPAs)

Not bad for an amber or pale ale, but India pale ale, I don't think so. So why does Bass put IPA on the label?

1998, Pete Slosberg, Beer for Pete's Sake: The Wicked Adventures of a Brewing Maverick, page 128:

(beer, countable) Initialism of India pale ale.


vermouth

vermouth (countable and uncountable, plural vermouths)

From French vermout, vermouth, from German Wermut (“wormwood”). Doublet of wormwood.

He gazed around until on the lid of a spinet he spotted a promising collection of bottles, gin, whiskey, vermouth and sherry, mixed with violin bows, a flute, a toppling pile of books, six volumes of Grove's Dictionary mingled with paperback thrillers, a guitar without any strings, a pair of binoculars, a meerschaum pipe and a jar half-full of wasps and apricot jam.

1956, Delano Ames, chapter 14, in Crime out of Mind:

Vermouth originated in the 18th century, when wine growers in the foothills of the French and Italian Alps developed a method of enhancing the taste of sour or uncompromising wines with the infusion of a variety of sweeteners, spices, herbs, roots, seeds, flowers, and peel.

2014, Ray Foley, Bartending For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 116:

Earlier this year while in Madrid, I fell prey to what the Spanish call la hora del vermut, the vermouth hour, a break in the day for a glass, generally before eating.

2023 July 20, Eric Asimov, “This Summer, Pause for the Vermouth Hour”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

A dry, or sweet apéritif wine flavored with aromatic herbs, and often used in mixed drinks.


sovereign

en-adj

sovereign (comparative more sovereign, superlative most sovereign)

more sovereign (comparative)
most sovereign (superlative)

From Middle English sovereyn, from Old French soverain (whence also modern French souverain), from Vulgar Latin *superānus (compare Italian sovrano, Spanish soberano) from Latin super (“above”). Spelling influenced by folk-etymology association with reign. Doublet of soprano, from the same Latin root via Italian. See also suzerain, foreign.

We acknowledge him [God] our sovereign good.

1594–1597, Richard Hooker, edited by J[ohn] S[penser], Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, (please specify the page):

Predominant; greatest; utmost; paramount.


sovereign

→ Irish: sabhran

→ Russian: соверен (soveren)

→ Scottish Gaelic: sòbharan

→ Welsh: sofren

souverain

one who is not a subject to a ruler or nation

en:coin with nominal value of one pound sterling

A gold coin of the United Kingdom, with a nominal value of one pound sterling but in practice used as a bullion coin.

No, someone who wears loads of sovereigns as well loads of gold and has uh a curly perm and peroxide blonde hair, orange, orange sunbed skin and a fringe like this blow-dried to death, that’s a ‘scally’.

2004, December 11, "Birkenhead, Merseyside" BBC Voices recording (0:06:52)

No visible tattoos, sovereigns, mismatched jewellery, scrunchies, large clips or hoop earrings.

2011 July 1, Caroline Davies, “Harrods 'ladies' code' drives out sales assistant”, in The Guardian:

(UK, slang) A large, garish ring; a sovereign ring.


dry

dry (comparative drier or dryer, superlative driest or dryest)

drier (comparative)
dryer (comparative)
driest (superlative)
dryest (superlative)

wet

antonym(s) of “abstinent from or banning alcohol”

wet

antonym(s) of “not using afterburners or water injection”

wet

of a scientist or lab: doing computation

Sranan Tongo: drei

[d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷaɪ̯]

Adjective and noun from Middle English drye, dryge, drüȝe, from Old English drȳġe (“dry; parched, withered”), from Proto-West Germanic *drūgī, *draugī, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz, *draugiz (“dry, hard”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“to strengthen; become hard”), from *dʰer- (“to hold, support”). The verb derives from Middle English drien, from Old English drȳġan (“to dry”), from Proto-West Germanic *drūgijan, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz (“hard, desiccated, dry”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“strong, hard, solid”).
cognates and related terms
 Cognate with Scots dry, drey (“dry”), North Frisian drüg, driig, Saterland Frisian druuch (“dry”), West Frisian droech (“dry”), Dutch droog (“dry”), Low German dröög (“dry”), German dröge (“dull”), Icelandic draugur (“a dry log”). Related also to German trocken (“dry”), West Frisian drege (“long-lasting”), Danish drøj (“tough”), Swedish dryg (“lasting, hard”), Icelandic drjúgur (“ample, long”), Latin firmus (“strong, firm, stable, durable”). See also drought, drain, dree.

cog

you don't miss the water till the well runs dry

you never miss the water till the well runs dry

you never miss the water until the well runs dry

Proper martinis are made with London dry gin and dry vermouth.

Fatima Blush: Oh, how reckless of me. I made you all wet.
James Bond: Yes, but my martini is still dry. My name is James.

1983, Lorenzo Semple Jr., Never Say Never Again:

Free from or lacking embellishment or sweetness, particularly:

(wine and other alcoholic beverages, ginger ale) Low in sugar; lacking sugar; unsweetened.

wine and other alcoholic beverages; ginger ale; wine and other alcoholic beverages; ginger ale


flat

en-adj

flat (comparative flatter, superlative flattest)

flatter (comparative)
flattest (superlative)

bumpy

antonym(s) of “having no variations in altitude”

→ Portuguese: flat

From Middle English flat, a borrowing from Old Norse flatr (compare Norwegian and Swedish flat, Danish flad), from Proto-Germanic *flataz, from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”); akin to Saterland Frisian flot (“smooth”), German Flöz (“a geological layer”), Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús), Latvian plats, Sanskrit प्रथस् (prathas, “extension”). Doublet of plat and pleyt.
The noun is from Middle English flat (“level piece of ground, flat edge of a weapon”), from the adjective.
The algebraic sense was coined by Serre in a 1956 paper, originally as French plat.

inh

(wine) Lacking acidity without being sweet.


chicken

en-adj

chicken (comparative more chicken, superlative most chicken)

more chicken (comparative)
most chicken (superlative)

From Middle English chiken (also as chike > English chick), from Old English ċicen, ċycen (“chicken”), of uncertain origin. Possibly from Proto-West Germanic *kiukīn (“chicken”), or alternatively from Proto-West Germanic *kukkīn, equivalent to cock + -en.
Compare North Frisian schückling (“chicken”), Saterland Frisian Sjuuken (“chicken”), Dutch kuiken (“chick, chicken”), German Low German Küken (“chick”), whence German Küken (“chick”), (elevated, obsolete) German Küchlein (“chick”) and Old Norse kjúklingr (“chicken”).

Why do you refuse to fight? Huh, I guess you're just too chicken.

(informal, sometimes derogatory) Cowardly.


swallow

en-verb

swallow (third-person singular simple present swallows, present participle swallowing, simple past and past participle swallowed)

swallows (present singular third-person)
swallowing (participle present)
swallowed (participle past)
swallowed (past)

From Middle English swolowen, swolwen, swolȝen, swelwen, swelȝen, from Old English swelgan, from Proto-West Germanic *swelgan, from Proto-Germanic *swelganą (“to swallow, revel, devour”), from Proto-Indo-European *swelk- (“to gulp”). Cognate with Dutch zwelgen (“to revel, carouse, guzzle”), German schwelgen (“to delight, indulge”), Swedish svälja (“to swallow, gulp”), Icelandic svelgja (“to swallow”), Old English swillan, swilian (“to swill, wash out, gargle”). See also swill.
The noun is from Middle English swelwe, swolwe, from Old English swelh, swelg (“gulf, chasm”) and ġeswelge (“gulf, chasm, abyss, whirlpool”), both from Proto-West Germanic *swelg, *swalgi, from Proto-Germanic *swelgaz, *swalgiz. Cognate with Old English swiliġe (“pit”), Scots swelch, swellie, swallie (“an abyss in the sea, whirpool”), Middle Low German swelch (“whirlpool, eddy”), Dutch zwelg (“gorge, chasm, gullet, throat”), Old Norse svelgr (“whirlpool, current, stream”).

cog

What the liquor was I do not know, but it was not so strong but that I could swallow it in great gulps and found it less burning than my burning throat.

[1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:

Clothes are to be worn and food is to be swallowed: they remain trapped in the physical world.

2011 April 21, Jonathan Jones, The Guardian:

(transitive) To cause (food, drink etc.) to pass from the mouth into the stomach; to take into the stomach through the throat.

sluk

to cause to pass from the mouth into the stomach

goirdjî (with preposition "dins" or "divins")


mole

Calqued from German Mol; spelled as if it had come directly from molecule or Latin moles (the ultimate source of Mol and molecule in any event).

International System of Units
International System of Units

(chemistry, physics) In the International System of Units, the base unit of amount of substance; the amount of substance of a system which contains exactly 6.02214076×10²³ elementary entities (atoms, ions, molecules, etc.). Symbol: mol. The number of atoms is known as Avogadro’s number. [from 1897]


mole

en-noun

mole (countable and uncountable, plural moles)

From Spanish mole, from Classical Nahuatl mōlli (“sauce; stew; something ground”).

der

One of several spicy sauces typical of the cuisine of Mexico and neighboring Central America, especially a sauce which contains chocolate and which is used in cooking main dishes, not desserts.


dairy

en-noun

dairy (countable and uncountable, plural dairies)

Origin 1250–1300 (Middle English daierie and other forms), from dey (“dairymaid”) + -ery.

Can you go and buy some yoghurt and blue cheese from the dairy?

(New Zealand) A corner store, superette or minimart.

My routine changed in February because I stopped alcohol, caffeine and dairy. Normally, I would have drunk a strong beer before I went to bed and made an espresso in the morning. It’s boring now but healthier.

2023 May 14, Alix Strauss, “How the Head of a Filmmaking Center Spends His Sundays”, in The New York Times:

(uncountable) (also dairy products or dairy produce) Products produced from milk.


plate

→ Maori: pereti

→ Hindi: प्लेट (pleṭ)

From Middle English plate, from Old French plate, from Medieval Latin plata, from Vulgar Latin *plat(t)us, from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “broad, flat, wide”). Compare Spanish plato.
(foot): Cockney rhyming slang, from "plates of meat" for "feet".

der

I filled my plate from the bountiful table.

A slightly curved but almost flat dish from which food is served or eaten.

He was confronted by two knights in full plate.

He hewd, and lasht, and foynd, and thondred blowes,
And euery way did seeke into his life,
Ne plate, ne male could ward so mighty throwes,
But yeilded passage to his cruell knife.

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 248:

Two potent Thrones, that to be less then Gods
Disdain’d, but meaner thoughts learnd in thir flight,
Mangl’d with gastly wounds through Plate and Maile.

1667, John Milton, “Book VI”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 366-368:

(aviation, travel industry, dated) A metallic card, used to imprint tickets with an airline's logo, name, and numeric code.

(aviation, travel industry, by extension) The ability of a travel agent to issue tickets on behalf of a particular airline.

lipunkirjoitusoikeus

aviation: ability of a travel agent to issue tickets on behalf of a particular airline

The SAPI plate in his vest protected him from the bullet's impact.


plate

en-verb

plate (third-person singular simple present plates, present participle plating, simple past and past participle plated)

plates (present singular third-person)
plating (participle present)
plated (participle past)
plated (past)

From Middle English platen, from Old English platian and Old French plater, both ultimately from Latin plata (see above).

After preparation, the chef will plate the dish.

I took her for sushi, she wanted to fuck / So we took it to go, told 'em don't even plate it

2011, “HYFR”, in Take Care, performed by Drake ft. Lil Wayne:

(cooking, photography) To place the various elements of a meal on the diner's plate prior to serving.


short

en-adj

short (comparative shorter, superlative shortest)

shorter (comparative)
shortest (superlative)

tall

antonym(s) of “having a small distance between ends or edges”

tall

antonym(s) of “of a person, of comparatively little height”

long

antonym(s) of “cricket, of a fielder or fielding position, relatively close to the batsman”

long

antonym(s) of “financial position expecting falling value”

From Middle English schort, short, from Old English sċeort, sċort (“short”), from Proto-West Germanic *skurt, from Proto-Germanic *skurtaz (“short”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-.
Cognates
Cognate with shirt, skirt, curt, Scots short, schort (“short”), French court, Dutch kort, German kurz, Old High German scurz (“short”) (whence Middle High German schurz), Old Norse skorta (“to lack”) (whence Danish skorte), Albanian shkurt (“short, brief”), Latin curtus (“shortened, incomplete”) and Proto-Slavic *kortъkъ. Doublet of curt. More at shirt.

I chose to interpret the references to butter and sugar as indicating that a short pastry was required. (Later editions suggest a biscuit-like texture.)

2013, Heston Blumenthal, Historic Heston, →ISBN, page 122:

(baking, of pastries, metallurgy) Brittle, crumbly. (See shortbread, shortcake, shortcrust, shortening, hot short, cold-short.)


melt

en-verb

melt (third-person singular simple present melts, present participle melting, simple past melted or (rare) molt, past participle melted or molten)

melts (present singular third-person)
melting (participle present)
melted (past)
molt (past rare)
melted (participle past)
molten (participle past)
melt (infinitive)

From Middle English melten, from a merger of Old English meltan (intransitive) and mieltan (transitive), both meaning “to melt, digest,” from Proto-West Germanic *meltan and *maltijan, from Proto-Germanic *meltaną and *maltijaną, both from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meld- (“melt”). Cognate with Icelandic melta (“to digest”).

I melted butter to make a cake.

When the weather is warm, the snowman will disappear; he will melt.

(ergative) To change (or to be changed) from a solid state to a liquid state, usually by a gradual heat.

اِنْصَهَرَ

intransitive: (of a solid) to become a liquid

أَذَابَ

transitive: to change something from a solid to a liquid


melt

en-noun

melt (countable and uncountable, plural melts)

The transition of matter from a solid state to a liquid state.

I recently asked a group of people whether they had eaten tuna melts as a kid. Everyone remembered a version of this dish.

2002, Tod Dimmick, Complete idiot's guide to 20-minute meals:

A mass of herring melts, tinged with the streams of claret, had fallen into his hair, and this, added to his temporary stupor, had led to the Doctor's mistake.

1825, Lochandhu: A Tale of the Eighteenth Century, page 28:

Variant spelling of milt, the semen of a male fish, used as food.


knife

Sranan Tongo: nefi

→ Japanese: ナイフ

→ Korean: 나이프 (naipeu)

→ Portuguese: naifa

→ Samoan: naifi

From Middle English knyf, knif, from late Old English cnīf, from Old Norse knífr, from Proto-Germanic *knībaz, from *knīpaną (“to pinch”), Proto-Indo-European *gneybʰ- (compare Lithuanian gnýbti, žnýbti (“to pinch”), gnaibis (“pinching”)). Displaced native Middle English sax (“knife”) from Old English seax; and Middle English coutel, qwetyll (“knife”) from Old French coutel.
The verb knife is attested since the mid 1800s; the variant knive is attested since 1733.

you could cut the atmosphere with a knife

Jeff was bent low over the backboard, working with the knife, a steady sawing motion, his shirt soaked through with sweat.

A utensil or a tool designed for cutting, consisting of a flat piece of hard material, usually steel or other metal (the blade), usually sharpened on one edge, attached to a handle. The blade may be pointed for piercing.

Any blade-like part in a tool or a machine designed for cutting, such as that of a chipper.

lem

any blade-like part designed for cutting


salt

salt (countable and uncountable, plural salts)

Bislama: sol

Tok Pisin: sol

PIE word
 *séh₂ls
From Middle English salt, from Old English sealt, from Proto-West Germanic *salt, from Proto-Germanic *saltą, from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ls (“salt”). Doublet of sal, ultimately from Latin sāl (“salt”), which it superseded as the general term for "salt".

Though we are justices and doctors and churchmen […] we have some salt of our youth in us.

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:

(obsolete, uncountable) Flavour; taste; seasoning.

I out and bought some things; among others, a dozen of silver salts.

1664 September 19 (date written; Gregorian calendar), Samuel Pepys, Mynors Bright, transcriber, “September 9th, 1664”, in Henry B[enjamin] Wheatley, editor, The Diary of Samuel Pepys […], volume IV, London: George Bell & Sons […]; Cambridge: Deighton Bell & Co., published 1894, →OCLC:

(obsolete, countable) A dish for salt at table; a salt cellar.


liver

liver (countable and uncountable, plural livers)

From Middle English lyvere, lyver, from Old English lifer (“liver”), from Proto-West Germanic *libru, from Proto-Germanic *librō, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smear, smudge, stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Líeuwer, Lieuwer (“liver”), West Frisian lever (“liver”), Dutch lever (“liver”), German Leber (“liver”), Danish, Norwegian and Swedish lever (“liver”) (the last three from Old Norse lifr (“liver”)). Related to live.

der

Steve Jobs is a famous liver transplant recipient.

(anatomy) A large organ in the body that stores and metabolizes nutrients, destroys toxins and produces bile. It is responsible for thousands of biochemical reactions.

I'd like some goose liver pate.

You could fry up some chicken livers for a tasty treat. — Nah, I don't like chicken liver.

"I should think you've rocked the boat enough already by refusing to eat liver."

1993, Philippa Gregory, Fallen Skies, →ISBN, page 222:

(countable, uncountable) This organ, as taken from animals used as food.

He gave his horse some liver of antimony.

(obsolete chemistry) Any of various chemical compounds—particularly sulfides—thought to resemble livers in color.


liver

From Middle English lyvere, livere, equivalent to live + -er.

They must instantly have been detected by the present Livers that were upon the place.

1677, Cary, Chronol., II, ii, III, xiv, 252

One, John Powle, a Liver on Sasquehanna River.

There is no liver in the country so practical.

1863, D. G. Mitchell, Sev. Stor., My Farm of Edgewood, section 289:

(uncommon) Someone who lives (usually in a specified way).

Someone who lives in a particular place; an inhabitant, a dweller.


pull

en-verb

pull (third-person singular simple present pulls, present participle pulling, simple past and past participle pulled)

pulls (present singular third-person)
pulling (participle present)
pulled (participle past)
pulled (past)

push

antonym(s) of “apply force to (something) so it comes towards one”

-ʊl (accents with foot–goose merger or full–fool merger)

Verb from Middle English pullen, from Old English pullian (“to pull, draw, tug, pluck off”), of uncertain ultimate origin. Related to West Frisian pûlje (“to shell, husk”), Middle Dutch pullen (“to drink”), Middle Dutch polen (“to peel, strip”), Low German pulen (“to pick, pluck, pull, tear, strip off husks”), Icelandic púla (“to work hard, beat”).
Noun from Middle English pul, pull, pulle, from the verb pullen (“to pull”).

cog

it's not the whistle that pulls the train

pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire

(cooking, transitive, intransitive) To repeatedly stretch taffy in order to achieve the desired stretchy texture.


snow

en-noun

snow (countable and uncountable, plural snows)

The noun is derived from Middle English snaw, snou, snow (“snow; accumulation of snow; snowfall; snowstorm; whiteness”), from Old English snāw (“snow”), from Proto-West Germanic *snaiw (“snow”), from Proto-Germanic *snaiwaz (“snow”), from Proto-Indo-European *snóygʷʰos (“snow”), from *sneygʷʰ- (“to snow”).
The verb is derived from Middle English snouen (“to snow; (figurative) to shower”), from snou, snow (noun) (see above) + -en (suffix forming the infinitive of verbs). Displaced Old English snīwan, whence English snew (obsolete).
Verb sense 2.3.2 (“to convince or hoodwink (someone)”) probably refers to a person being blinded or confused by a snowstorm.
Cognates
* Albanian nehë (“place where the snow melts”) (dialectal)
* Ancient Greek νίφα (nípha)
* Danish sne (“snow”)
* Dutch sneeuw (“snow”)
* German Schnee (“snow”)
* Icelandic snjór (“snow”)
* Latin nix (“snow”)
* Norwegian snø (“snow”)
* Russian снег (sneg)
* Sanskrit स्नेह (snéha, “oil, grease”)
* Scots snaw (“snow”)
* Swedish snö (“snow”)
* West Frisian snie (“snow”)

сы

partly frozen, crystalline state of water that falls from the atmosphere as precipitation in flakes; falling of such flakes; accumulation of them as a white layer

there may be snow on the mountaintop but there's fire in the valley

there may be snow on the rooftop but there is fire in the furnace

apple snow lemon snow

Something resembling snow (sense 1) in appearance or colour.

(countable, cooking) A dish or component of a dish resembling snow, especially one made by whipping egg whites until creamy.


horizontal

en-adj

horizontal (comparative more horizontal, superlative most horizontal)

more horizontal (comparative)
most horizontal (superlative)

/ˌhɒɹɪˈzɒntəl/

(wine) Involving wines of the same vintages but from different wineries.


still

still (comparative stiller or more still, superlative stillest or most still)

stiller (comparative)
more still (comparative)
stillest (superlative)
most still (superlative)

From Middle English stille (“motionless, stationary”), from Old English stille (“still, quiet”), from Proto-West Germanic *stillī, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)telH- (“to be silent; to be still”). Cognate with Scots stil (“still”), Saterland Frisian stil (“motionless, calm, quiet”), West Frisian stil (“quiet, still”), Dutch stil (“quiet, silent, still”), Low German still (“quiet, still”), German still (“still, quiet, tranquil, silent”), Swedish stilla (“quiet, silent, peaceful”), Icelandic stilltur (“set, quiet, calm, still”). Related to stall.
(noun: Falkland Islander): Military slang, short for still a Benny, since the military had been instructed not to refer to the islanders by the derogatory term Benny (which see).

cog

l-vocalizing: UK, General Australian, New Zealand

To follow the still President’s marching orders, all that Secretary Ronnie Puno has to do is to follow the road map laid out by Justice Azcuna in his “separate” opinion.

2007 January 3, Gerry Geronimo, “Unwanted weed starts to sprout from a wayward ponencia”, in Manila Standard, archived from the original on 2011-07-19:

(not comparable) Having the same stated quality continuously from a past time

застоял

having the same stated quality continuously from a past time


still

Via Middle English [Term?], ultimately from Latin stilla.

(catering) A large water boiler used to make tea and coffee.

A building where liquors are distilled; a distillery.


screwdriver

Celestial asked for a screwdriver and the bartender poured a good four fingers of Smirnoff into a flimsy cup before opening a can of juice.

2018, Tayari Jones, An American Marriage, Oneworld Publications, page 154:

A cocktail made of vodka and orange juice.


nut

Did you like them boys? I goes.
Nut. She shook her hair.
Neither?
Nut. Right townies.

1995, Alan Warner, Morvern Callar, Vintage, published 2015, page 26:


pass

en-verb

pass (third-person singular simple present passes, present participle passing, simple past and past participle passed)

passes (present singular third-person)
passing (participle present)
passed (participle past)
passed (past)

From Middle English passen, from Old French passer (“to step, walk, pass”), from Vulgar Latin *passāre (“step, walk, pass”), derived from Latin passus (“a step”), from pandere (“spread, unfold, stretch”), from Proto-Italic *patnō, from Proto-Indo-European *pth₂noh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to spread, stretch out”). Cognate with Old English fæþm (“armful, fathom”). More at fathom.
Displaced native Old English gengan.

اِجْتَازَ

to go through any inspection or test successfully

hyväksyttää

to cause to advance by stages of process

When it's finished cooking, you should pass the sauce to get rid of any lumps.

(transitive, cooking) To put through a sieve.

To change place.
To put through a sieve.


pass

→ Tibetan: སྤ་སེ (spa se)

From Middle English pas, pase, pace, from passen (“to pass”).

The finished dishes are placed on the pass ready to be collected by the waiter.

2017, Fred Sirieix, Secret Service: Lifting the lid on the restaurant world:

(cooking) The area in a restaurant kitchen where the finished dishes are passed from the chefs to the waiting staff.


potable

en-adj

potable (comparative more potable, superlative most potable)

more potable (comparative)
most potable (superlative)

The adjective is derived from Late Middle English potable (“drinkable, potable”), from Middle French, Old French potable (modern French potable (“drinkable, potable”)), and from its etymon Late Latin pōtābilis (“drinkable, potable”), from Latin pōtāre (“to drink”) + -bilis (suffix forming adjectives indicating a capacity or worth of being acted upon). Pōtāre is the present active infinitive of pōtō (“to drink”), from Proto-Italic *pōtos, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₃- (“to drink”).
The English word is cognate with Catalan potable, Italian potabile, Spanish potable.
The noun is derived from the adjective.

der

(formal) Good for drinking without fear of disease or poisoning.


potable

When solar beams / Parch thirsty human veins, the damask'd meads, / Unforc'd display ten thousand painted flow'rs / Useful in potables.

1708, [John Philips], “(please specify the page)”, in Cyder. […], London: […] J[acob] Tonson, […], →OCLC:


brewer

From Middle English brewere; cognate with Dutch brouwer, Swedish bryggare.

But through the oligopoly, charcoal fuel proliferated throughout London's trades and industries. By the 1200s, brewers and bakers, tilemakers, glassblowers, pottery producers, and a range of other craftsmen all became hour-to-hour consumers of charcoal.

2006, Edwin Black, chapter 2, in Internal Combustion:

Someone who brews, or whose occupation is to prepare malt liquors.


brew

From Middle English brewen, from Old English brēowan, from Proto-West Germanic *breuwan, from Proto-Germanic *brewwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-. Doublet of burn.
Cognate with
Dutch brouwen, German brauen, Swedish brygga, Norwegian Bokmål brygge; also Ancient Greek φρέαρ (phréar, “well”), Latin fervēre (“to be hot; to burn; to boil”), Old Irish bruth (“violent, boiling heat”), Sanskrit भुर्वन् (bhurván, “motion of water”). It may be related to English barley

cog

Landlady: You're not stoppin' for a brew?
Gene Hunt: No thanks, love. Better crack on.

2007 March 6, Julie Rutterford, Life on Mars, Season 2, Episode 3:

The mixture formed by brewing; that which is brewed; a brewage, such as tea or beer.


homebrewer

One who brews his or her own beer or other alcoholic beverage; one who homebrews.


waffle

The noun is borrowed from Dutch wafel (“waffle; wafer”), from Middle Dutch wafel, wafele, wavel, from Old Dutch *wāvila, from Proto-Germanic *wēbilǭ, *wēbilō, possibly related to Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to braid, weave”) (whence Dutch weven (“to weave”) and English weave; compare, from the same verbal root, German Wabe (“honeycomb”), given that the grid pattern of the traditional Dutch lent and holiday pastry strikingly resembles a honeycomb), and possibly reinforced by German Waffel (“waffle; wafer”). The English word is a doublet of wafer and gauffre.
The verb (“to smash”) derives from the manner in which batter is pressed into the shape of a waffle between the two halves of a waffle iron.

der

The brunch was waffles with strawberries and whipped cream.

This takeaway counter serves up some of Hong Kong's best eggettes, the egg-shaped waffles beloved by local children and adults alike.

2017, Piera Chen, Emily Matchar, Lonely Planet Pocket Hong Kong:

(countable) A flat pastry pressed with a grid pattern, often eaten hot with butter and/or honey or syrup.

(countable, British) In full potato waffle: a savoury flat potato cake with the same kind of grid pattern.


waffle

en-verb

waffle (third-person singular simple present waffles, present participle waffling, simple past and past participle waffled)

waffles (present singular third-person)
waffling (participle present)
waffled (participle past)
waffled (past)

The verb is borrowed from Scots waffle (“to waver, flap, flutter”), from waff (“to wag, wave; to flap, flutter”) + -le (diminutive or frequentative suffix), from Middle Scots waff (“signal; gust of wind; glimpse; a flapping, waving”), from Northern Middle English wafe, waffe, a variant of waven (“to move to and fro, sway; to stray, wander; (figuratively) to follow a weaving course; (figuratively) to vacillate, waver; to move something to and fro, wave”) (whence wave), from Old English wafian (“to wave”), from Proto-Germanic *wabōną, *wabjaną (“to sway; to wander”), from Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to braid, weave”).
Regarding sense 5 (“to speak or write (something) at length without any clear aim or point”), compare Old English wæflian (“to talk foolishly”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Germanic *babalōną (“to babble, chatter”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰā- (“to say”) and/or Proto-Indo-European *baba- (“to talk vaguely; to mumble”). The Oxford English Dictionary does not derive the English word waffle from this Old English word. Compare also Dutch wauwelen (“to linger, waffle, jabber, gab, chat”).
The noun is derived from the verb.

cog

Unless you have a great line in gags or repartee don't waffle on aimlessly to your audience, or make in-jokes among yourselves, the band or the compere/DJ.

1976, Tony Hatch, So you want to be in the music business, Everest Books, page 68:

Before getting down to the nitty gritty of beekeeping, most contributors to BBJ like to waffle on for a bit about the weather, the state of their garden or something equally inconsequential.

1984, “Apiary Antics- No.5”, in British bee journal, volumes 112-113, page 68:

She waffled on for ages. Usually I'd say something smart or make it obvious that I wasn't interested and couldn't be bothered listening.

2005, Bill Condon, No Worries, Univ. of Queensland Press, page 78:

The whole thing ended suddenly when the hotel manager arrived. He waffled on for a bit; this settled everyone down.

2006, Carl Storm, A Mighty Fine Way to Live and Die, Backstrap Ltd, page 8:

(transitive, intransitive) Often followed by on: to speak or write (something) at length without any clear aim or point; to ramble.

zwammen

to speak or write (something) at length without any clear aim or point — see also ramble


pub

→ Dutch: pub

→ Estonian: pubi

→ Finnish: pub, pubi

→ French: pub

→ German: Pub

→ Greek: παμπ (pamp)

→ Gujarati: પબ (pab)

→ Hindi: पब (pab)

→ Icelandic: pöbb

→ Italian: pub

→ Japanese: パブ (pabu)

→ Korean: 퍼브 (peobeu)

→ Norwegian: pub

→ Polish: pub

→ Russian: паб (pab)

→ Mongolian: паб (pab)

→ Spanish: pub

→ Swedish: pub

→ Thai: ผับ (pàp)

Reg liked a chat about old times and we used to go and have a chinwag in the pub.

1963, Margery Allingham, “Foreword”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts. For mariners leaving the port after lonely nights on the high seas, the delights of the B52 Night Club and Stallion Pub lie a stumble away.

2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:

(UK, Ireland, Commonwealth) A public house where beverages, primarily alcoholic, may be bought and consumed, also providing food and sometimes entertainment such as live music or television.


pub

en-verb

pub (third-person singular simple present pubs, present participle pubbing, simple past and past participle pubbed)

pubs (present singular third-person)
pubbing (participle present)
pubbed (participle past)
pubbed (past)

(informal, intransitive) To go to one or more public houses.


squash

en-noun

squash (countable and uncountable, plural squash or squashes)

Shortening of Narragansett askutasquash (“[a vegetable] eaten green (or raw)”), from askut (“green, raw”) + asquash (“eaten”).

wasawa

plant and its fruit of the genus Cucurbita

Cucurbita moschata
Cucurbita moschata#Translingual

(botany, countable) A plant and its fruit of any of a few species of the genus Cucurbita, or gourd kind.

Cucurbita moschata, butternut squash, Barbary squash, China squash.

We ate squash and green beans.

(cooking) The edible or decorative fruit of these plants, or this fruit prepared as a dish.


zymurgy

This refinement led to [Eduard] Buchner's receipt of the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for advancements in zymurgy.

2010, “Fermentation”, in Rachel Black, editor, Alcohol in Popular Culture: An Encyclopedia, Bloomsbury, →ISBN:

The chemistry of fermentation with yeasts, especially the science involved in beer and winemaking.


mark

→ Bengali: মার্কা (marka)

→ Cantonese: 嘜 /唛 (mak¹, maak¹)

→ Japanese: マーク (māku)

→ Korean: 마크 (makeu)

From Middle English mark, merk, merke, from Old English mearc (“mark, sign, line of division; standard; boundary, limit, term, border; defined area, district, province”), from Proto-West Germanic *marku, from Proto-Germanic *markō (“boundary; boundary marker”), from Proto-Indo-European *marǵ- (“edge, boundary, border”).
Compare march.
Cognates
* Dutch mark, merk (“mark, brand”)
* German Mark (“mark; borderland”), Marke (“brand”)
* Swedish mark (“mark, land, territory”)
* Icelandic mark (“mark, sign”)
* Latin margo (“edge, margin”)
* Persian مرز (marz, “limit, boundary”)
* Sanskrit मर्या (maryā, “limit, mark, boundary”), मार्ग (mārga, “mark, section”).

cog

Now put the pastry in at 450 degrees, or mark 8.

(heading) Indicator of position, objective etc.

(cooking) A specified level on a scale denoting gas-powered oven temperatures.


sake

From Middle English sake (“sake, cause”), from Old English sacu (“cause, lawsuit, legal action, complaint, issue, dispute”), from Proto-West Germanic *saku, from Proto-Germanic *sakō (“affair, thing, charge, accusation, matter”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂g- (“to investigate”).
Akin to West Frisian saak (“cause; business”), Low German Saak, Dutch zaak (“matter; cause; business”), German Sache (“thing; matter; cause; legal cause”), Danish sag, Swedish and Norwegian sak, Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌾𐍉 (sakjō, “dispute, argument”), Old English sōcn (“inquiry, prosecution”), Old English sēcan (“to seek”). More at soke, soken, seek.

cog

For the sake of argument


coffee

en-noun

coffee (countable and uncountable, plural coffees)

coffee [from 1598] (canonical)
coffees (plural)

Tok Pisin: kopi

desc

→ Mon: ကဝ်ဖှဳ

→ Mon: ကဝ်ဖှဳ

→ Gujarati: કૉફી (kŏphī)

→ Hausa: kṑfī

desctree

→ Hindi: कॉफ़ी (kŏfī), काफ़ी (kāfī), कोफ़ी (kofī), कॉफी (kŏphī), काफी (kāphī), कोफी (kophī)
→ Sanskrit: काफी (kāphī)

→ Korean: 커피 (keopi)

→ Maia: kopi

→ Marathi: काफी (kāphī)

→ Marshallese: ko̧pe

→ Navajo: gohwééh

→ Scottish Gaelic: cofaidh

→ Welsh: coffi

Conservative, Received Pronunciation, dated

Etymology tree
Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa)bor.
Ottoman Turkish قهوهbor.
Italian caffèbor.
Dutch koffiebor.
English coffee
Borrowed from Dutch koffie, from Italian caffè, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa). Doublet of café and caffè and cognate with the words for "coffee" in other major European languages, most of which are derived from the Turkish and Italian words.

etymon

that and a dollar will get you a cup of coffee

that and a nickel will buy you a cup of coffee

that and twenty-five cents will get you a cup of coffee

The Turks have a drink called coffa (for they use no wine), so named of a berry as black as soot, and as bitter[…], which they sip still of, and sup as warm as they can suffer[…].

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 5, member 1, subsection v:

VVhat a devil makes thee in ſo muſty a humour? Thou art as dull and dumpiſh as a fellovv that had been drunk over night vvith Ale, and had done nothing but drunk Coffee, talked Politicks, and read Gazettes all this morning.

1672, Thomas Shadwell, The Miser: A Comedy, […], London: […] Thomas Collins and John Ford, […], →OCLC, Act I, page 1:

The great use of coffee in France is supposed to have abated the prevalency of the gravel, for where coffee is used as a constant beverage, the gravel and the gout are scarcely known.

1848, J. S. Skinner & Son, editor, The Plough, The Loom and the Anvil, volume I, Philadelphia: J. S. Skinner & Son, page 137:

"He was here," observed Drina composedly, "and father was angry with him." / "What?" exclaimed Eileen. "When?" / "This morning, before father went downtown." / Both Selwyn and Lansing cut in coolly, dismissing the matter with a careless word or two; and coffee was served—cambric tea in Drina's case.

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter IV, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

[…]a new study of how Starbucks has largely avoided paying tax in Britain[…]shows that current tax rules make it easy for all sorts of firms to generate[…]“stateless income”:[…]. In Starbucks’s case, the firm has in effect turned the process of making an expensive cup of coffee into intellectual property.

2013 June 22, “T time”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 68:

(uncountable) A beverage made by infusing the beans of the coffee plant in hot water.

As I sip a coffee at Brasserie Balzar, two well-known intellectuals, one publisher and a Sorbonne professor were discussing Sarkozy's future: "He won't finish his mandate" says one.

2008 April 12, Agnes Poirier, The Guardian:

He did not stay for coffee.

The end of a meal, when coffee is served.


coffee

Of a table: a small, low table suitable for people in lounge seating to put coffee cups on.


breakfast

en-noun

breakfast (countable and uncountable, plural breakfasts)

→ Afrikaans: brekfis

→ Irish: bricfeasta

→ Maori: parakuihi

→ Scottish Gaelic: bracaist

→ Portuguese: brequefeste, brequefesta

→ Welsh: brecwast

From Middle English brekefast, brekefaste, equivalent to break + fast (literally, "to end the nightly fast"), likely a variant of Old English fæstenbryċe, (literally, "fast-breach"). Cognate with Dutch breekvasten (“breakfast”).

We serve breakfast all day.

(by extension) A meal consisting of food normally eaten in the morning, which may typically include eggs, sausages, toast, bacon, etc.


pipe

→ Bengali: পাইপ (paip)

desc

→ Gulf Arabic: پيپ (pēp, bēb, “smoking pipe”), پايپ (pāyp, bāyb, “medium of transportation (sense 2.1)”)

→ Hindi: पाइप (pāip)

→ Japanese: パイプ (paipu)

→ Korean: 파이프 (paipeu)

→ Malay: paip

→ Maori: paipa

→ Russian: пайп (pajp)

→ Urak Lawoi': ปาเฮะ (pahëq)

From Middle English pīpe, pype (“hollow cylinder or tube used as a conduit or container; duct or vessel of the body; musical instrument; financial records maintained by the English Exchequer, pipe roll”), from Old English pīpe (“pipe (musical instrument); the channel of a small stream”), from Proto-West Germanic *pīpā. Reinforced by Vulgar Latin *pīpa, from Latin pipire, pipiare, pipare, from pīpiō (“to chirp, peep”), of imitative origin. Doublet of fife.
The “storage container” and “liquid measure” senses are derived from Middle English pīpe (“large storage receptacle, particularly for wine; cask, vat; measure of volume”), from pīpe (above) and Old French pipe (“liquid measure”). In specific contexts, calques similar units of measure such as Portuguese pipa.
The verb is from Middle English pīpen, pypyn (“to play a pipe; to make a shrill sound; to speak with a high-pitched tone”), from Old English pīpian (“to pipe”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

inh

Meanings relating to something resembling a tube.

On Thursday Mr. William Bland, formerly a Surgeon in the Royal Navy, […] was brought to trial on a charge of libelling the Governor [Lachlan Macquarie], by the composition and publishing of various letters and verses contained in a manuscript book dropped on the Parramatta Road—and thence brought to light. […] [H]owever lenient the sentence passed upon this young man, yet, it is much to be hoped, that from his example pipe-making will in future be reposed solely in the hands of Mr. Wm. Cluer [an earthenware pipe maker] of the Brickfield Hill.

1818 September 26, “Sydney. [Criminal Court.]”, in Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, volume XVI, number 775, Sydney, N.S.W.: By authority [government printer], →OCLC, page 3, columns 2–3:

(Australia, colloquial, historical) An anonymous satire or essay, insulting and frequently libellous, written on a piece of paper which was rolled up and left somewhere public where it could be found and thus spread, to embarrass the author's enemies.


pipe

en-verb

pipe (third-person singular simple present pipes, present participle piping, simple past and past participle piped)

pipes (present singular third-person)
piping (participle present)
piped (participle past)
piped (past)

onomatopoeic

imitative

to pipe flowers on to a cupcake

This means a quantity of runouts can be made in advance, allowing more time to flat ice and pipe the cake.

1998, Nicholas Lodge, Janice Murfitt, The International School of Sugarcraft: Book One: Beginners, London: Merehurst Press, →ISBN, page 108:

(transitive, cooking) To create or decorate with piping (icing).


mayonnaise

en-noun

mayonnaise (countable and uncountable, plural mayonnaises)

General American, æ-tensing, alternative pronunciation

Unadapted borrowing from French mayonnaise, possibly named after the city of Maó (Mahón in Spanish), Minorca, whence the recipe was brought back to France. Compare Spanish mahonesa. Alternative suggested origins include the city of Bayonne (bayonnaise); the French word manier (“to handle”); the Old French moyeu (“egg yolk”); and the Duke of Mayenne.

ubor

There are 250 foods, including mayonnaise, cheese and cocoa, that don't list ingredients at all.

1985 May, Boys' Life, volume 75, number 5, page 20:

The FDA's original intent for foods included under "standards of identity" ensured that terms like "mayonnaise" or "ice cream” would guarantee the same basic ingredients required in the government-established recipe no matter who manufactured it.

1975, Irma S. Rombauer, Marion Rombauer Becker, Joy of Cooking, page 7:

I grew up thinking that the blue and white Miracle Whip salad dressing jar in the fridge held the same substance the rest of the world knew as mayonnaise. / Now I know that mayonnaise is something entirely different.

The oils in store-bought mayonnaise range from olive oil to sunflower oil to safflower oil and some less desirable oils!

2008, Jan McCracken, The Everything Lactose Free Cookbook:

Most store-bought mayonnaise contains ingredients (vinegar, lemonjuice, and salt) that actually slow bacterial growth

2012, Marie A. Boyle, Sara Long Roth, Personal Nutrition:

A dressing made from vegetable oil, raw egg yolks, vinegar or lemon juice, and seasoning, used on salads, with french fries, in sandwiches etc.


mash

en-noun

mash (countable and uncountable, plural mashes)

From Middle English mash, from Old English mǣsċ, māsċ, māx, from Proto-Germanic *maiskaz, *maiskō (“mixture, mash”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyǵ-, *meyḱ- (“to mix”). Akin to German Meisch, Maische (“mash”), (compare meischen, maischen (“to mash, wash”)), Swedish mäsk (“mash”), and to Old English miscian (“to mix”). See mix.

(brewing) Ground or bruised malt, or meal of rye, wheat, corn, or other grain (or a mixture of malt and meal) steeped and stirred in hot water for making the wort.


mask

en-verb

mask (third-person singular simple present masks, present participle masking, simple past and past participle masked)

masks (present singular third-person)
masking (participle present)
masked (participle past)
masked (past)

From Middle English *mask, masch, from Old English māx, māsc (“mash”). Doublet of mash.

(transitive, UK dialectal) (brewing) To mix malt with hot water to yield wort.


crema

en-noun

crema (countable and uncountable, plural cremas)

From Italian crema. Doublet of cream, second-etymology crema, and crème.

doublet

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-crema.wav

The light-colored, orangish head of foam on a cup of espresso.


crema

From Spanish crema. Doublet of cream, first-etymology crema, and crème.

A Mexican foodstuff, the Mexican version of crème fraîche or sour cream. Its fat content is usually higher than that of sour cream, and it is thinner and less sour.


beefcake

en-noun

beefcake (countable and uncountable, plural beefcakes)

From beef + cake. In sense 1, by analogy with cheesecake (“an image of a sexy young woman”).

Beefcake with Burgundy Mushroom Cream

1998, Jessie Tirsch, McGuire's Irish Pub Cookbook, Pelican, page 145:


group

→ Gulf Arabic: قروب (grūp)

→ Japanese: グループ (gurūpu)

→ Korean: 그룹 (geurup)

→ Tongan: kulupu

From French groupe (“cluster, group”), from Italian gruppo, groppo (“a knot, heap, group, bag (of money)”), from Vulgar Latin *cruppo, Renaissance Latin grupus, from Frankish *krupp, from Proto-Germanic *kruppaz (“lump, round mass, body, crop”), from Proto-Indo-European *grewb- (“to crumple, bend, crawl”). In the sense of group theory coined (in French, as groupe) by Évariste Galois.
Cognate with German Kropf (“crop, craw, bunch”); Old English cropp, croppa (“cluster, bunch, sprout, flower, berry, ear of corn, crop”) (whence English crop); Dutch krop (“craw”), Icelandic kroppr (“hump, bunch”). Doublet of crop and croup.

der

An element of an espresso machine from which hot water pours into the portafilter.


sarnie

From sarn- (“perhaps from a dialectal pronunciation of the first syllable of sandwich”) + -ie. Alternatively, perhaps a misreading or an intentional dissimilation of samie (i.e. sammie), where the 'm' is mistaken for or replaced with 'rn'.

suffix

perhaps from a dialectal pronunciation of the first syllable of <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">sandwich</i>

Hello my flower, shall I fix up a cheese sarnie for you?

With their jock-straps pinching, they slouch to attention
While queueing for sarnies at the office canteen.

1972, “Thick As A Brick”, Ian Anderson (lyrics), performed by Jethro Tull:

In fact no one was playing bingo, 10p or otherwise. Nor had the patrons been enticed by the complimentary shrink-wrapped sarnies and packets of cheese-and-onion on offer in the roped-off ‘Over 18s VIP area’, with its £500-jackpot fruit machines.

2012, Tim Moore, You Are Awful (But I Like You): Travels Around Unloved Britain, Vintage, →ISBN, page 7:

Just like Marple, there's a plaque at the London terminus [Paddington] commemorating a fictional character - a polite, friendly little bear from darkest Peru who has a penchant for marmalade sarnies.

2021 September 22, Stephen Roberts, “The writings on the wall...”, in RAIL, number 940, page 74:


breast

From Middle English brest, from Old English brēost, from Proto-West Germanic *breust, from Proto-Germanic *breustą, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to swell”). Compare West Frisian boarst, Danish bryst, Swedish bröst; cf. also Dutch borst, German Brust.

der

hope springs eternal in the human breast

Would you like breast or wing?

A choice cut of poultry, especially chicken or turkey, taken from the bird’s breast; also a cut of meat from other animals, breast of mutton, veal, pork.

гърди

choice cut of meat from poultry or other animals


breast

en-verb

breast (third-person singular simple present breasts, present participle breasting, simple past and past participle breasted)

breasts (present singular third-person)
breasting (participle present)
breasted (participle past)
breasted (past)

Breast the birds; wash and dry well. Preheat oven to 375 degrees. Place the birds in a roasting pan.

2005, Texas Judicial Cookbook: Hello There!:


go Dutch

go Dutch (third-person singular simple present goes Dutch, present participle going Dutch, simple past went Dutch, past participle gone Dutch)

goes Dutch (present singular third-person)
going Dutch (participle present)
went Dutch (past)
gone Dutch (participle past)

A derivative of Dutch treat, from Dutch (“poor imitation; ersatz”), a derogatory term originally referring generically to German-speaking peoples as a whole; first attested 1914.

GOING DUTCH Some girls are quite willing to pay part of the expenses on special dates. When something is planned which is beyond the boy's means. . . .

1958, Evelyn Ruth (Millis) Duvall, The Art of Dating, Associated Press, p. 138

Ashley Olsen may be a teenage zillionaire, but when she's out on the town with pals, she goes dutch.

2005, Rex Reed, reviewing De-Lovely in Mews Items: Amazing But True Cat Stories, by Allan Zullo and Mara Bovsun, p. 193

(idiomatic, informal, slang) To pay for one's own food and bills, or split the cost, when eating at a restaurant or going out for entertainment.


parliament

en-noun

parliament (countable and uncountable, plural parliaments)

From Middle English parlement, from Anglo-Norman parliament, parlement, parliment and Old French parlement (“discussion, meeting, negotiation; assembly, council”), from parler (“to speak”) + -ment (“-ment”, suffix forming nouns from verbs, usually indicating an action or state resulting from them) (from Latin -mentum). Compare Medieval Latin parlamentum, parliamentum (“discussion, meeting; council or court summoned by the monarch”), Italian parlamento and Sicilian parramentu.

cog

Palace of Westminster
Parliament of the United Kingdom

The row started over who will run for parliament in a wealthy rightwing constituency on the left bank in Paris, a safe seat for Sarkozy's ruling UMP.

2011 December 14, Angelique Chrisafis, “Rachida Dati accuses French PM of sexism and elitism”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 2016-04-19:

In many countries, the legislative branch of government, a deliberative assembly or set of assemblies whose elected or appointed members meet to debate the major political issues of the day, make, amend, and repeal laws, authorize the executive branch of government to spend money, and in some cases exercise judicial powers; a legislature.

parlement

institution with elected or appointed members

நாடாளுமன்றம்

nāṭāḷumaṉṟam

Following the general election, Jane Doe took her oath of office as a member of the nation's fifth parliament.

The acts made in the first Parliament of our most high and dread soveraigne Charles, by the grace of God, King of Great Britaine, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, &c. […]

1633, John Hay, editor, The Acts Made in the First Parliament of our Most High and Dread Soveraigne Charles, by the Grace of God, King of Great Britaine, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c.: Holden by Himselfe, Present in Person, with His Three Estates, at Edinburgh, upon the Twentie Eight Day of Iune, Anno Domini 1633, Edinburgh: Printed by Robert Young, printer to the Kings most excellent Maiestie, →OCLC, title page:

[T]he army under Lambert again thrust the Rump Parliament out of doors, and commenced a new military government, by means of a committee of officers, called the Council of Safety.

1834, Walter Scott, Tales of a Grandfather (Waverley Tales; 49), Parker's edition, volume I, Boston, Mass.: Samuel H[ale] Parker, →OCLC, page 223:

A particular assembly of the members of such a legislature, as convened for a specific purpose or period of time (commonly designated with an ordinal number – for example, first parliament or 12th parliament – or a descriptive adjective – for example, Long Parliament, Short Parliament and Rump Parliament).

He […] was disposed to spoil little Georgy, sadly gorging the boy with apples and parliament, to the detriment of his health—until Amelia declared that George should never go out with his grandpapa unless the latter promised solemnly, and on his honour, not to give the child any cakes, lollipops, or stall produce whatever.

1847 January – 1848 July, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair […], London: Bradbury and Evans […], published 1848, →OCLC:

A certain boy leaning up against me would not allow my elbow room, and struck me very sadly in the stomach part, though his own was full of my parliament.

1869, R[ichard] D[oddridge] Blackmore, chapter II, in Lorna Doone: A Romance of Exmoor. […], volume I, London: Sampson Low, Son, & Marston, […], →OCLC, page 9:

The children had long ago found out that the kites and shuttlecocks were failures; and popular rumour spoke in deprecating terms of the parliament and gingerbread in general, comparing it to petrified sponge, or slices of pumice stone.

1846, Albert Smith, The Snob's Progress:

(historical) Parliament cake, a type of gingerbread.


ABM

en-noun

ABM (countable and uncountable, plural ABMs)

(cooking) Initialism of automatic bread machine.


spider

spider (countable and uncountable, plural spiders)

[ˈspʌɪ̯ɾə(ɹ)]

From Middle English spiþre, spydyr, spider, spiþer, from Old English spīþra (“spider”), from Proto-West Germanic *spinþrijō, from Proto-Germanic *spinnaną (“to spin”). Mostly displaced attercop (“spider, unpleasant person”), now a dialectal term.

2002, Katharine Gasparini, Cranberry and vanilla ice cream spider, recipe in Cool Food, page 339.

(chiefly Australia and New Zealand) A float (drink) made by mixing ice-cream and a soda or fizzy drink (such as lemonade).

(Australia, New Zealand, obsolete) An alcoholic drink made with brandy and lemonade or ginger beer.

Cut slices and lay them in cold water in the spider; boil them up two or three minutes, then pour off the water and set the spider again on the coals and brown the slices on each side.

1846, Mary Hooker Cornelius, The Young Housekeeper's Friend, page 146, recipe 28 “To fry salt pork”

In spider pan or deep skillet set over hot coals, quickly fry a few at a time in deep lard until brown.

2005, Marty Davidson, Grandma Grace's Southern Favorites, recipe for “strawberry coconuts”, Rutledge Hill Press, page 193

2008, Corona Club (San Francisco, California), Corona Club Cook Book, page 202,
Melt ½ the dry sugar in the spider, stirring with knife until all is melted.

(cooking, US, UK, chiefly historical and now dialectal) A cast-iron frying pan with three legs, once common in open-hearth cookery.

If you are deep-frying your falafel, use a spider or basket to place them gently into the hot oil, which should be preheated to a temperature of 175°C (330°F).

1996, City and Guilds of London Institute, Food preparation and cooking. Cookery units. Student guide., Stanley Thornes, unit 2ND5, element 2, page 157

Consider investing in a frying basket or a spider for small amounts of fish. A spider looks like a metal web and has a long handle and can lower and raise fish from the hot oil.

2008, Anna Kasabian, David Kasabian, The Wild Fish Cookbook, Creative Publishing International, →ISBN, page 84:

(cooking) Implement for moving food in and out of hot oil for deep frying, with a circular metal mesh attached to a long handle; a spider skimmer


damper

From damp (verb) + -er.
The name of the type of bread is first attested in 1825, and originally likely refers to damping the appetite.

1827, Peter Cunningham, Two Years in New South Wales, ii.190, quoted in G. A. Wilkes, A Dictionary of Australian Colloquialisms, 1978, →ISBN,
The farm-men usually bake their flour into flat cakes, which they call dampers, and cook these in the ashes.

The flour bespattering Squeaker's now neglected clothes spoke eloquently of his clumsy efforts at damper making.

1902, Barbara Baynton, edited by Sally Krimmer and Alan Lawson, Bush Studies (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton), St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, published 1980, page 15:

You hypocritically claim that you are trying to ‘protect’ us; but your modern policy of ‘protection’ (so-called) is killing us off just as surely as the pioneer policy of giving us poisoned damper and shooting us down like dingoes!

1938, William Ferguson, John Patten, “Aborigines Claim Citizen Rights!”, in Anita Heiss, Peter Minter, editors, Macquarie PEN Anthology of Aboriginal Literature, Allen & Unwin, published 2008, page 31:

(chiefly New Zealand, Australia) Bread made from a basic recipe of flour, water, milk, and salt, but without yeast.


pitch

en-verb

pitch (third-person singular simple present pitches, present participle pitching, simple past and past participle pitched or (obsolete) pight)

pitches (present singular third-person)
pitching (participle present)
pitched (participle past)
pitched (past)
pight (obsolete participle past)
pight (obsolete past)

Spanish: pichar

From Middle English picchen, pycchen (“to thrust in, fasten, settle”), from Old English *piċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *pikkijan, a variant of Proto-West Germanic *pikkōn (“to pick, peck”), whence Middle English pikken, picken (“to pick, pierce”), modern English pick.

uhrata

card games: discard a card for some gain

except for the cell growth which is higher for the yeast pitched with lower vitality

2004 September 1, L. F. Guido, P. G. Rodrigues, J. A. Rodrigues, C. R. Gonçalves, A. A. Barros, “The impact of the physiological condition of the pitching yeast on beer flavour stability: an industrial approach”, in Food Chemistry, volume 87, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 187–193:

five pitching rates were applied to lab-scale fermentations to investigate its impact on the yeast

2009 February 1, P. J. Verbelen, T. M. L. Dekoninck, S. M. G. Saerens, S. E. Van Mulders, J. M. Thevelein, “Impact of pitching rate on yeast fermentation performance and beer flavour”, in Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, volume 82, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 155–167:

Since yeast propagation is time and resource intensive, it is customary to serially re-pitch yeast

2019 August 1, Girmay Kalayu, “Serial re-pitching: its effect on yeast physiology, fermentation performance, and product quality”, in Annals of Microbiology, volume 69, number 8, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 787–796:

(brewing) To add yeast as a step while making beer


put on

en-verb

put on (third-person singular simple present puts on, present participle putting on, simple past and past participle put on)

puts on (present singular third-person)
putting on (participle present)
put on (participle past)
put on (past)

betesz

something to be inserted, e.g. VCR cassette, CD

I'll put on some coffee for everybody.

(transitive) To initiate cooking or warming, especially on a stovetop.


ABC

He thought he was up-to-date on all the latest wine lingo until a longtime wine writer returned his sample request card with a bold, hand-written note on it that stated, “Send me all samples—ABC!” ¶ “ABC” threw my friend for a loop. When he called me, I translated the cryptic phrase—ABC is winespeak for “Anything But Chardonnay.”

1997 March, Ron Loutherback, “Beyond the Label: The ABCs of white wine”, in Orange Coast, volume 23, number 3, page 168:

(wine) Initialism of anything but Chardonnay: a backlash against Chardonnay wine, seen as ubiquitous.


tare

Borrowed from Japanese 垂(た)れ (tare, “sauce, gravy”).

Any of various dipping sauces served with Japanese food, typically based on soy sauce.


ham

Uncertain, though it is generally agreed upon that it first appeared in print around the 1880s. At least four theories persist:
* It came naturally from the word amateur. Deemed likely by Hendrickson (1997), but then the question would be why it took so long to pop up. He rejects the folk etymology of Cockney slang hamateur because it originated in American English.
* From the play Hamlet, where the title character was often played poorly and/or in an exaggerated manner. Also deemed likely by Hendrickson, though he raises the issue that the term would have likely been around earlier if this were case.
* From the minstrel's practice of using ham fat to remove heavy black makeup used during performances.
* Shortened from hamfatter (“inferior actor”), said to derive from the 1863 minstrel show song The Ham-fat Man. William and Mary Morris (1988) argue that it's not known whether the song inspired the term or the term inspired the song, but that they believe the latter is the case.


seize

seize (third-person singular simple present seizes, present participle seizing, simple past and past participle seized)

seizes (present singular third-person)
seizing (participle present)
seized (participle past)
seized (past)

Earlier seise, from Middle English seisen, sesen, saisen, from Old French seisir (“to take possession of; invest (person, court)”), from Early Medieval Latin sacīre (“to lay claim to, appropriate”) (8th century) in the phrase ad propriam sacire, from Old Low Frankish *sakjan (“to sue, bring legal action”), from Proto-Germanic *sakjaną, *sakōną (compare Old English sacian (“to strive, brawl”)), from Proto-Germanic *sakaną (compare Old Saxon sakan (“to accuse”), Old High German sahhan (“to bicker, quarrel, rebuke”), Old English sacan (“to quarrel, claim by law, accuse”). Cognate to sake and Latin sāgiō (“to perceive acutely”).

cog

Chocolate seizes if a small amount of water (or watery liquid such as brandy) finds its way into the chocolate while it is melting. […] If chocolate seizes, it will look grainy and matte rather than glossy and smooth.

2012, Martha Holmberg, Modern Sauces: More Than 150 Recipes for Every Cook, Every Day, page 235:

(transitive, intransitive, cooking) Of chocolate: to change suddenly from a fluid to an undesirably hard and gritty texture.

jämähtää

cooking: change suddenly from a fluid to an undesirably hard texture


dunch

Blend of dinner + lunch, probably in imitation of brunch.

I have a lunchtime meeting tomorrow, so let's have dunch together instead.

(informal, rare) A leisurely meal between lunch and dinner in the late afternoon or early evening (about 3-5 p.m.), usually instead of lunch or dinner.


half and half

en-noun

half and half (countable and uncountable, plural half and halfs)

A mixture of two things, generally in about equal proportions.

A person of mixed race or with dual nationality.

(US) A mixture of half lemonade and half iced tea.


hot chocolate

hot chocolate (countable and uncountable, plural hot chocolates)

→ Persian: هات چاکلت (hât čâklet)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hot chocolate.wav

A serving of a warm beverage made of cocoa and water or milk, often drunk during cold weather.

ܟ̰ܝܼܟܵܠܹܬܹܐ ܚܲܡܝܼܡܬܵܐ

čīkālētē ḵamīmtā


hot chocolate

en-verb

hot chocolate (third-person singular simple present hot chocolates, present participle hot chocolating, simple past and past participle hot chocolated)

hot chocolates (present singular third-person)
hot chocolating (participle present)
hot chocolated (participle past)
hot chocolated (past)

[…] butter & toast & warm towels after bath & lying in bed in laughter, snuggling & hot chocolating. love.

“Well, while you and Denise are hot chocolating, I shall be finalizing next week's arrangements,” said Svetlana haughtily.

2010, Robin Anderson, La Di Da Di Bloody Da!', page 195:

They’d driven up while we’d been hot and stayed a bit longer up high.

2021 July 5, Heidi Steltzer, “Amid historic heat, a climate scientist’s mountain love story (commentary)”, in Mongabay:

(intransitive, informal) To consume hot chocolate.


mint

en-noun

mint (countable and uncountable, plural mints)

From Middle English mynte, from Old English minte (“mint plant”), from Proto-West Germanic *mintā (“mint”), from Latin menta, probably from a lost Mediterranean language either through Ancient Greek μίνθη (mínthē), μίνθα (míntha) or directly. Akin to Old Norse minta (“mint”). Doublet of mentha.

Any plant in the genus Mentha in the family Lamiaceae, typically aromatic with square stems.


beverage

beverage (countable and uncountable, plural beverages)

list of English words with dual French and Anglo-Saxon variations

/ˈbɛv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/

From Middle English beverage, from Old French beverage, variant of bevrage, from beivre (“to drink”), variant of boivre (“to drink”), from Latin bibō. Related to imbibe.

He knew no Beverage but the flowing Stream; / His taſteful well-earn'd Food the ſilvan Game, […]

1748, James Thomson, “Canto II”, in The Castle of Indolence: […], London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, stanza VII, page 44:

[W]here coffee is used as a constant beverage, the gravel and the gout are scarcely known.

1848, J. S. Skinner & Son, editor, The Plough, The Loom and the Anvil, volume I, Philadelphia: J. S. Skinner & Son, page 137:

(chiefly Canada, US) A liquid to consume; a drink, such as tea, coffee, liquor, beer, milk, juice, or a soft drink, usually excluding water.


milk

milk (countable and uncountable, plural milks)

Solombala English: милекъ (milek)

→ Chuukese: minik

⇒ Gamilaraay: milambaraay

→ Gilbertese: miriki

→ Japanese: ミルク (miruku)

→ Korean: 밀크 (milkeu)

→ Lingala: míliki

→ Maori: miraka

→ Marshallese: milik

→ Volapük: milig

→ Yoruba: mílíìkì

From Middle English milk, mylk, melk, mulc, from Old English meolc, meoluc (“milk”), from Proto-West Germanic *meluk, from Proto-Germanic *meluks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ-.
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian molke, Dutch melk, Dutch Low Saxon melk, German Milch, German Low German Melk, Yiddish מילך (milkh), Danish mælk, Norwegian Bokmål mjølk, melk, Norwegian Nynorsk mjølk, Swedish mjölk, Icelandic mjólk, Faroese mjólk, Albanian mjel (“to milk”), Polish mleko, Russian молоко́ (molokó), Welsh blith, Tocharian A malke, Lithuanian malkas, Latvian malks, and possibly Ancient Greek μέλκιον (mélkion).

don't teach your grandmother how to milk ducks

that accounts for the milk in the coconut

why buy the cow when you can get the milk for free

Skyr is a product made of curdled milk.

2007 September 24, Chris Horseman (interviewee), Emily Harris (reporter), “Global Dairy Demand Drives Up Prices”, Morning Edition, National Public Radio
[…] there's going to be that much less milk available to cover any other uses. Which means whether it's liquid milk or whether it's [milk that's been turned into] cheese or yogurt, the price gets pulled up right across the board.

In the West it's' fairly normal to drink milk in various forms into adulthood.

2017, Adam Rutherford, A Brief History of Everyone Who Ever Lived, The Experiment, →ISBN, page 75:

(uncountable) A white liquid produced by the mammary glands of female mammals to nourish their young. From certain animals, especially cows, it is also called dairy milk and is a common food for humans as a beverage or used to produce various dairy products such as butter, cheese, and yogurt.


café

Unadapted borrowing from French café (“coffee; coffee shop”). Doublet of caffè and coffee.

ubor

A coffee shop; an establishment selling coffee and sometimes other non-alcoholic beverages, simple meals or snacks, with a facility to consume them on the premises.


salty

en-adj

salty (comparative saltier, superlative saltiest)

saltier (comparative)
saltiest (superlative)

PIE word
 *séh₂ls
From Middle English salti, equivalent to salt + -y.
Compare Saterland Frisian soaltig (“salty”), West Frisian sâltich (“salty”), Dutch zoutig (“salty”), German Low German soltig (“salty”), German salzig (“salty”).
(coarse; irritated, annoyed): Referencing the sharp, 'spicy' flavor of salt.
(indignant): Perhaps implying the person is a crybaby, shedding salty tears, or derived from the preceding.

There's a sailor's tavern at the end of the street where I could find companionship if I chose (one catches salty boys going in and out at any hour) but only music matters to me now.

2004, David Mitchell, Cloud Atlas, London: Hodder and Stoughton, →ISBN:

Plus bits of business involving a salty Russian seafarer and overflying warplanes.

2015 March 12, Bill Mann, “The film that makes me cry: Local Hero”, in The Guardian:

(figuratively) Experienced, especially used to indicate a veteran of the naval services; salty dog (from salt of the sea).


wok

The 'wok' is an efficient, all-purpose metal cooking vessel used by every housewife in China. It has two handles and is shaped like a shallow cone.

1977, Marguerite Fawdry, Chinese Childhood, →ISBN, page 86:

(cooking) A large, round-bottomed cooking pan used in East Asian cooking.