pot

en-verb

pot (third-person singular simple present pots, present participle potting, simple past and past participle potted)

pots (present singular third-person)
potting (participle present)
potted (participle past)
potted (past)

From Middle English pot, potte, from Old English pott (“pot”) and Old French pot (“pot”) (probably from Frankish *pott); both Old English and Frankish from Proto-Germanic *puttaz (“pot”), from Proto-Indo-European *budnós (“a type of vessel”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Pot (“pot”), Dutch pot (“pot”), German Low German Pott (“pot”), German Pott (“pot”), Swedish potta (“chamber pot”), Icelandic pottur (“tub, pot”), Old Armenian պոյտն (poytn, “pot, earthen pot”). Also, Old Norse pottr (“pot, tub, basin”).
The sense of ruin or deterioration was originally a general allusion to "being chopped up and tossed in a (normally fiery) pot, like a piece of meat" (i.e. to get wasted or done with (by someone)). The 'clean' slang term which was used in reference to toilet rooms and lavatories apparently derives from English chamberpots, although now usually encountered as potty in the context of children's toilet training.

cog

Ideally the best Ideally the best way of tackling the problem of toilet training, is to 'pot' your child at set intervals when he is at home, even though he may no longer be a baby, thus establishing a regular routine instead of one at odd intervals.

1975, Nancie R. Finnie, Handling the Young Cerebral Palsied Child, →ISBN, page 75:

If you leave out this “catching" stage altogether and start proper toilet training at, say, eighteen months you will only have to pot your baby about 2000 times for the same effect.

1978, Penelope Leach, Your Baby & Child from Birth to Age Five, →ISBN, page 225:

Do not make the mistake of potting your baby as early as possible, but wait until she gives the signal that she is aware that puddles are somehow to do with her.

2004, Joan Gomez, Coping with Incontinence, →ISBN, page 33:

Of course, if at any stage your child takes a violent dislike to the pot, then I would put it away for a few weeks and then try again, but if the pot is very comfortable, your attitude is calm and you don't over-pot your child (put him on the pot too often or talk about the pot too much), this shouldn't happen.

2012, Nanny Smith, Nina Grunfeld, Nanny Knows Best: Successful Potty Training, →ISBN:

(transitive, British) To seat a person, usually a young child, on a potty or toilet, typically during toilet teaching.


croissant

Unadapted borrowing from French croissant (“crescent”), present participle of croître (“to grow”). Doublet of crescent.

ubor

A flaky roll or pastry in a form of a crescent.

croissant

a flaky roll or pastry in a form of a crescent


pint

From Middle English pinte, from Old French pinte, assumed from Vulgar Latin *pincta (“a mark used to indicate a level of quantity against a larger measure”), from Latin picta (“painted”), from Latin pingō (“paint”, verb). Doublet of pinto and Pinto.

halstuoppi

closest equivalent in traditional Finnish units

(UK, Commonwealth) 20 fluid ounces, approximately 568 millilitres (an imperial pint).

16 US fluid ounces [473 millilitres] for liquids (a US liquid pint) or

approximately 33.6 cubic inches [550.6 cubic centimeters] for dry goods (a US dry pint).

The prices of the second class are given by the ounce; thus […] for a pint, of 12 ounces;

1822, The Monthly Gazette of Health, page 832:

As a good illustration, this work shows that it is possible to fill 12-ounce pints for carry-out trade. This leads the ice cream manufacturers to feel that a large part of the trouble encountered comes from merchandising.

[…] a 12-ounce pint of laudanum every five days, or about 1,000 drops a day. The story of Coleridge's opium addiction is further confused by his habit of referring to laudanum as a stimulant.

1968, Alethea Hayter, Opium and the Romantic Imagination, Univ of California Press, page 194:

... 12 - ounce pints of beer or ale may be substituted . Visitors under 16 cannot legally bring in tobacco . The liquor allowance does not apply to minors below the age limit prevailing in the province you are entering . Apart from these[…]

1973, Ted Kosoy, A Guide for Travellers in Canada:

Forget quarts and 12-ounce "pints". Given the amounts of Pepsi and 7-up , 3.2 beer and California wine, tequila and sour mash we consume, it won't be long before we learn our capacities in this new language.

1975, American Metric Journal, numbers 3-4, page 36:

4 medium scoops coffee ice cream (about 1 pint/12 ounces/340 grams), softened until just melty at the edges

2012 June 25, Adam Ried, Thoroughly Modern Milkshakes: 100 Thick and Creamy Shakes You Can Make At Home: 100 Classic and Contemporary Recipes, W. W. Norton & Company, →ISBN:

(formerly medicine, now chiefly some US bars and ice cream sellers) 12 fluid ounces.

A unit of volume, equivalent to:
12 fluid ounces.

formerly medicine; now chiefly some US bars and ice cream sellers; formerly medicine; now chiefly some US bars and ice cream sellers


milkshake

A thick beverage consisting of milk and ice cream mixed together, often with fruit, chocolate, or other flavoring.

(New England, Australia, New Zealand) A thin beverage, similar to the above, but with no ice cream or significantly less of it.

A beverage consisting of fruit juice, water, and some milk, as served in Southeast Asia.

冰沙

beverage consisting of fruit juice, water and sometimes milk

This milkshake under the oil cap, or on the dipstick, indicates a blown head gasket.

(mechanics, informal) Accidental emulsion of oil and water in an engine.


baba

As one of the first utterances many babies are able to say, baba (like mama, papa, and dada) has come to be used in many languages as a term for various family members:
* father: Albanian, Arabic, Western Armenian, Chinese, Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Bengali, Greek, Marathi, Mingrelian, Nepali, Persian, Swahili, Turkish, Yoruba, Shona, Zulu
* grandmother: many Slavic languages (such as Bulgarian, Russian, Czech and Polish), Romanian, Yiddish, Japanese
* grandfather: Azerbaijani, Zulu (father, grandfather)
* baby: Afrikaans, Sinhala, Hungarian
These terms often continue to be used by English speakers whose families came from one of these cultures. In some cases, they may become more widely used in localities that have been heavily influenced by an immigrant community. Some senses were extensions of one of these family terms in the original languages ("old woman" from "grandmother", "holy man" from "father"). The "cake" sense comes through French, from Polish baba (“old woman”). The Middle Eastern word baba (as in Ali Baba) is rather a term of endearment, and is ultimately derived from Persian بابا (bābā, “father”) (from Old Persian pāpa; as opposed to the Arabic words أَبُو (ʔabū) and أَب (ʔab); see also Papak), and is linguistically related to the common European word papa and the word pope, having the same Indo-European origin. The Chinese word "baba", meaning father comes from 爸爸.

A kind of sponge cake soaked in rum-flavoured syrup.


sweat

en-verb

sweat (third-person singular simple present sweats, present participle sweating, simple past sweated or sweat, past participle sweated or (archaic) sweaten)

sweats (present singular third-person)
sweating (participle present)
sweated (past)
sweat (past)
sweated (participle past)
sweaten (archaic participle past)

From Middle English sweten, from Old English swǣtan, from Proto-Germanic *swaitijaną (“to sweat”). Compare Dutch zweten, German schwitzen, Danish svede. Doublet of shvitz.

Sweating is a generally a quiet operation; if the food is whispering, or worse, hissing, the moisture is probably evaporating too rapidly

2002, Judy Rodgers, The Zuni Cafe Cookbook:

Sweat the carrots, onion, celery, leeks, and cabbage in the butter until translucent not allowing them to color in any way.

2007, Patty Elsberry, Matt Bolus, Simply Vanilla: Recipes for Everyday Use, page 93:

Reduce heat to low, cover pan, and gently sweat the celery for ten minutes, taking care not to brown it

2009, Bill Neal, Bill Neal's Southern Cooking, page 11:

Sweat the onions and garlic in the oil, stirring occasionally, until they are completely soft (no crunch) but not caramelized.

(transitive, intransitive, cooking) To cook slowly at low heat, in shallow oil and without browning, to reduce moisture content.

kuullottaa

transitive: to cook slowly without browning


fork

Sranan Tongo: forku

→ Dutch: fork

→ Japanese: フォーク (fōku)

→ Kannada: ಫೋರ್ಕ್ (phōrk)

→ Korean: 포크 (pokeu)

→ Maori: paoka

→ Tamil: போர்க் (pōrk)

→ Telugu: ఫోర్క్ (phōrk)

From Middle English forke (“digging fork”), from Old English force, forca (“forked instrument used to torture”), from Proto-West Germanic *furkō (“fork”), from Latin furca (“pitchfork, forked stake; gallows, beam, stake, support post, yoke”), of uncertain origin. The Middle English word was later reinforced by Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French forque (= Old French forche whence French fourche), also from the Latin. Cognate also with North Frisian forck (“fork”), Dutch vork (“fork”), Danish fork (“fork”), German Forke (“pitchfork”). Displaced native gafol, ġeafel, ġeafle (“fork”), from Old English.
In its primary sense of “fork”, Latin furca appears to be derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰerk(ʷ)-, *ǵʰerg(ʷ)- (“fork”), although the development of the -c- is difficult to explain. In other senses this derivation is unlikely. For these, perhaps it is connected to Proto-Germanic *furkaz, *firkalaz (“stake, stick, pole, post”), from Proto-Indo-European *perg- (“pole, post”). If so, this would relate the word to Old English forclas pl (“bolt”), Old Saxon ferkal (“lock, bolt, bar”), Old Norse forkr (“pole, staff, stick”), Norwegian fork (“stick, bat”), Swedish fork (“pole”).

tienhaara

figurative: point in time of making a decision

afsplitsing

computer science: splitting of a process

odnož

computer science: copying and separately developing a project

bifurcació

computer science: a separately developed project based upon a copy of an existing project

a three-prong spear somewhat resembling a pitchfork

(figuratively, decision-making) A point in time where one has to make a decision between two life paths.

(metonymically) Either of the (figurative) paths thus taken.


kosher

en-verb

kosher (third-person singular simple present koshers, present participle koshering, simple past and past participle koshered)

koshers (present singular third-person)
koshering (participle present)
koshered (participle past)
koshered (past)

From Yiddish כּשר (kosher), from Hebrew כָּשֵׁר (kashér).

(transitive) To kasher; to prepare (for example, meat) in conformity with the requirements of the Jewish law.


restaurant

→? Japanese: レストラン

→ Malay: restoran

Borrowed from French restaurant, present participle of the verb restaurer, corresponding to Latin restaurans, restaurantis, present participle of restauro (“I restore”), from the name of the 'restorative' soup served in the first establishments.

That Italian restaurant serves some of the best food I've ever had in my life.

By one o'clock the place was choc-a-bloc. […] The restaurant was packed, and the promenade between the two main courts and the subsidiary courts was thronged with healthy-looking youngish people, drawn to the Mecca of tennis from all parts of the country.

1935, George Goodchild, chapter 5, in Death on the Centre Court:

eating establishment
eating establishment

An eating establishment in which diners are served food, usually by waiters at their tables but sometimes (as in a fast food restaurant) at a counter.

аресторан

an eating establishment in which diners are served food


steam

steam (third-person singular simple present steams, present participle steaming, simple past and past participle steamed)

steams (present singular third-person)
steaming (participle present)
steamed (participle past)
steamed (past)

From Middle English steem, stem, from Old English stēam (“steam, hot exhalation, hot breath; that which emits vapour; blood”), from Proto-Germanic *staumaz (“steam, vapour, breath”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to whirl, waft, stink, shake; steam, haze, smoke”). Cognate with Scots stem, steam (“steam”), West Frisian steam (“steam, vapour”), Dutch stoom (“steam, vapour”), Low German stom (“steam”), Swedish dialectal stimma (“steam, fog”), Latin fūmus (“smoke, steam”).

der

The best way to cook artichokes is to steam them.

(transitive, cooking) To cook with steam.


Neapolitan

From Latin neāpolītānus, from Neāpolis, from Ancient Greek Νεάπολις (Neápolis, literally “new city”), a Greek city in modern Naples. Doublet of naporitan.

Designating an ice cream combination of the flavours chocolate, vanilla, and strawberry in order. (Until the mid-20th century the flavours were pistachio, vanilla, and strawberry, giving the colours of the Italian flag.)

(dated) Describing a variety of ice cream made with eggs as well as cream.


Neapolitan

A language spoken in South Italy, approximately in the area of the former Kingdom of Naples.


halal

halaal

in general, according to Muslim customs, permissible to have or do

[…] broadening the demand for halal across all product categories, not just in their consumption of meat products […]

2014, Professor Nilüfer Göle, Islam and Public Controversy in Europe, →ISBN, page 176:

(Islam) allowable, according to Muslim religious customs, to have or do.

(of food) Fit to eat according to Muslim religious customs.

halaal

fit to eat according to Muslim religious customs

Is this kosher? I hear you ask. Is it halal? Can this really be viewed as strict adherence to the letter and spirit of the competition?

2008, Nicholas Drayson, A Guide to the Birds of East Africa, page 120:

(figuratively, by extension) In accordance with standards or usual practice; allowable.


halal

Just like eating halal is not a choice for our Muslim brothers and sisters, for us, eating kosher is not voluntary; it’s who we are and as necessary as the oxygen we need for sustenance.

2020 August 20, Eliezer Brand, “ICE is forcing Muslims to eat pork. My fellow Orthodox Jews: This is our fight!”, in The Forward:

In a halal manner; in accordance with Muslim religious customs.


halal

en-verb

halal (third-person singular simple present halals, present participle halaling or halalling, simple past and past participle halaled or halalled)

halals (present singular third-person)
halaling (participle present)
halalling (participle present)
halaled (participle past)
halaled (past)
halalled (participle past)
halalled (past)


dice

en-noun

dice (countable and uncountable, plural dice or dices)

From Middle English dys, plural of dy. See the etymology of die (etymology 2) for further information. The voiceless /s/ was most likely retained because the word felt like a collective term rather than a plural form (compare pence), and the spelling dice is a result of the pronunciation.

God does not play dice with the universe

Cut onions, carrots and celery into medium dice.

If your worship is inclined to take a small draught of good wine, though not very cool, I have here a calabash full of the best, and some dices of Tronchon cheese

1782, Tobias George Smollett, The history and adventures of the renowned Don Quixote, 5th edition, volumes 3-4, translation of original by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra:

(uncountable, formerly countable, cooking) That which has been diced.


produce

/ˈpɹɒd͡ʒuːs/

From Middle English produce, from Latin prōdūcō (“to lead forth”), from prō- (“forth, forward”) + dūcō (“to lead, bring”). The noun is derived from the verb.

All fruits, vegetables, and dairy and poultry-yard produce are, in the Australian capitals, dear, and of very easy sale.

1852, F. Lancelott, Australia As It Is: Its Settlements, Farms and Gold Fields, page 151:

Taking a retrospect, then, of fourteen years preceding 1860, and making two periods of seven years each, the value of the exports of the produce or manufactures of this country to Australia has been, for the annual average of the first seven years, 1846-52, 2½ millions sterling; while for the second period, 1856-59, the annual average has been 11 millions.

1861, William Westgarth, Australia: Its Rise, Progress, and Present Condition, page 54:

While it is true that New Zealand′s economic stake in the region [of Oceania] remained relatively small when compared with the major markets for New Zealand produce in Australia, Asia, North America and Europe, it nevertheless remained the region through which trade must pass on its way to these larger markets.

1999, Bruce Brown, Malcolm McKinnon, New Zealand in World Affairs, 1972-1990, page 291:

A farm supervisor is employed to coordinate the planting and harvesting of produce by volunteers.

2008, Peter Newman, Isabella Jennings, Cities As Sustainable Ecosystems: Principles and Practices, page 230:

Harvested agricultural goods collectively, especially vegetables and fruit, but possibly including eggs, dairy products and meat; the saleable food products of farms.

добив

harvested agricultural goods collectively


pop

pop (countable and uncountable, plural pops)

From Middle English pop, poppe (“a blow; strike; buffet”) (> Middle English poppen (“to strike; thrust”, verb)), of onomatopoeic origin – used to describe the sound, or short, sharp actions. The physics sense is part of a facetious sequence "snap, crackle, pop", after the mascots of Rice Krispies cereal.

cog

Lunch was sandwiches and a bottle of pop.

The best thing on the table was a tray full of bottles of lemon pop.

(uncountable, regional, Midwestern US, Canada, Inland Northern American, Midlands, Northwestern US, Western Pennsylvania, Northern England) An effervescent or fizzy drink, most frequently nonalcoholic; soda pop.

Go in the store and buy us three pops.

(countable, regional, Midwestern US, Inland Northern American, Northwestern US, Canada, Western Pennsylvania) A bottle, can, or serving of effervescent or fizzy drink, most frequently nonalcoholic; a soda pop.


mozzarella

en-noun

mozzarella (countable and uncountable, plural mozzarellas or mozzarelle)

mozzarellas (plural)
mozzarelle (plural)

Borrowed from Italian mozzarella, from mozzare (“to cut off”), from Latin mutilare.
The meaning of money derives from the early Bay Area hip-hop scene since early and is found for various food terms, including cheddar and cheese.

Ooh, yeah, stack that mozzarella, check a big bag / Smack it for an hour, off a thirty, let a bitch bad

2017 November 16, KirbLaGoop (lyrics and music), “I Can’t Feel My Face”, in Trapped in Da 100:

Me no rat, I get hella cheddar, I get mozzarella / Take two hundred thousand out the bank ’cause I fucked the teller

2018 November 25, “Bank Teller”, Lil Uzi Vert (lyrics), Lil Uzi Vert, Smokepurpp, and Lil Pump (music):

Tell a bank teller / This Louis my sweater / Came through with a Baretta / Stack my cheese, that mozzarella

2018 November 25, “Bank Teller”, Smokepurpp (lyrics), Lil Uzi Vert, Smokepurpp, and Lil Pump (music):

I need the cheese, mozzarella / Rainin outside, I got a Louis umbrella / She ate up my dick like Nutella / I used to be four-fourin at the bank

2019 September 13, “Diamond Tester”, in ChaseTheMoney (lyrics), K$upreme & ChaseTheMoney (music), Caught Fire:

(uncountable, slang, African-American Vernacular) Money.


bow

Borrowed from Mandarin 包 (bāo) or Cantonese 包 (baau1).

Alternative form of bao; any of several Chinese buns and breads


slash

Originally a verb of uncertain etymology. Possibly from French esclachier (“to break”). Used in the Wycliffe Bible as slascht (see 1 Kings 5:18) but otherwise unattested until 16th century. Conjunctive use from various applications of the punctuation mark ⟨/⟩. See also slash fiction.

(fashion) A slit in an outer garment, usually exposing a lining or inner garment of a contrasting color or design.

Comments merely allow readers to proclaim themselves mortally offended by the content of a story, despite having been warned in large block letters of INCEST or SLASH (any kind of sex between two men or two women: the term originated with the Kirk/Spock pairing – it described the literal slash between their names).

2013, Katherine Arcement, “Diary”, in London Review of Books, volume 35, number 5:

(fandom slang) Slash fiction; fan fiction focused on homoerotic pairing of fictional characters.


slash

Uncertain. Compare British dialectal slashy (“wet and dirty, miry”) and Scots slash (“act of walking forcefully through water or mud”) and slatch (“wet and muddy place, mire”). Perhaps related to Swedish slask (“slush”).
Compare also slash (“clearing in a forest”): in many cases it is difficult to tell whether that sense or this one is meant. (Also compare flash (“a marsh; a pool of water”).)

m+

[…] second growth long-leaf yellow slash. And also we have a short-leaf pine.

1932, Mr. Yon, statement regarding a waterway from Choctawhatchee Bay to West Bay, Florida, printed in the Hearings of the United States House Committee on Rivers and Harbors (1932), page 8

Slash pine (Pinus caribaea Morelet) / Slash pine is also known as yellow slash, swamp pine, hill slash, and Cuban pine.]

[1935, Miscellaneous Publication, issue 209, page 15

(eastern US, uncommon) A slash pine, which grows in such (swampy) areas.

(Scotland) A large quantity of watery food such as broth.


snowball

From Middle English snoweball, snoweballe, snaweballe, snayballe, equivalent to snow + ball. Cognate with Scots snawbaw, German Schneeball, Luxembourgish Schnéiball, Dutch sneeuwbal, Afrikaans sneeubal, Limburgish snieëbal, West Frisian sniebal, Saterland Frisian Sneebaal, Sneebal, Swedish snöboll, Elfdalian sniųoboll, Danish snebold, Norwegian Bokmål snøball, Norwegian Nynorsk snøball and Icelandic snjóbolti.

A ball of snow, usually one made in the hand and thrown for amusement in a snowball fight; also a larger ball of snow made by rolling a snowball around in snow that sticks to it and increases its diameter.

(sex) A sex act involving passing ejaculated semen from one person's mouth to another's.

It didn't take long to eat a packetful of snowballs - they are simply delicious.

A small cake, typically cream-filled and covered in chocolate icing and desiccated coconut.


snowball

en-verb

snowball (third-person singular simple present snowballs, present participle snowballing, simple past and past participle snowballed)

snowballs (present singular third-person)
snowballing (participle present)
snowballed (participle past)
snowballed (past)

The high unemployment rates quickly snowballed into a major budget problem for the government.

There's a further knock-on effect from cancelling trains. It's not unusual for train crew diagrams to include a period 'on the cushions', travelling as a passenger to get staff from one train to the next. Cancel this train and it's likely the crew won't reach their next train, so this too is cancelled. Disruption snowballs and diagrams become harder to deliver.

2023 January 11, Philip Haigh, “Comment: The worst chaos for 40 years”, in RAIL, number 974, page 4:

(intransitive) To rapidly grow out of proportion or control, from an initially smaller state.


gash

en-noun

gash (countable and uncountable, plural gashes)

Alteration of older garsh, from Middle English garsen, from Old French garser, jarsier (Modern French gercer), from Vulgar Latin *charaxāre, from Ancient Greek χαρακτήρ (kharaktḗr, “engraver”).

der

(slang) Poor-quality beer, usually watered down.


hash

From French hacher (“to chop”), from Middle French hacher, from Old French hacher, from Old French hache (“axe”), from Frankish *happjā (“axe”). Compare also Old English ġehæċċa (“sausage meat”, literally “that which is hacked or chopped up”).

ncog

(typography) The # symbol (octothorpe, pound).

(computing) The result generated by a hash function.

hajautusarvo

for distributing values in a data structure

Most hashes are planned as family affairs, with a shorter "puppy" trail laid for the children.

1987, Susan Scott-Stevens, Foreign Consultants and Counterparts, page 81:


hash

en-verb

hash (third-person singular simple present hashes, present participle hashing, simple past and past participle hashed)

hashes (present singular third-person)
hashing (participle present)
hashed (participle past)
hashed (past)

(computing, transitive) To transform according to a hash function.

tiivistää

to transform according to a hash function


meal

en-noun

meal (countable and uncountable, plural meals)

From Middle English mel, from Old English mǣl (“measure, time, occasion, set time, time for eating, meal”), from Proto-West Germanic *māl, from Proto-Germanic *mēlą, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”).
Cognate with West Frisian miel, Dutch maal (“meal, time, occurrence”), German Mal (“time”), Mahl (“meal”), Norwegian Bokmål mål (“meal”), Swedish mål (“meal”); and (from Proto-Indo-European) with Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron, “measure”), Latin mensus, Russian ме́ра (méra, “measure”), Lithuanian mẽtas. Related to Old English mǣþ (“measure, degree, proportion”).

cog

Breakfast is the morning meal, lunch is the noon meal, and dinner, or supper, is the evening meal.

c1450, Secreta Secretorumː
He that will cast meal upon meal is not able to have (a) long life.

c1500, The King and the Hermitː
I have been there and taken deal / And have had many (a) merry meal.

1535?, Dyfference Astronː
But above all things beware that thou eat not till thou feel thy stomach empty and that it hath made good digestion of the first meal.

1569, Fenton, Wondersː
Besides he was so fantastical and unruly in his appetites, that he used no common meats at his meals, but was fed with the combs of cocks, the tongues of peahens.

Ere we will eate our Meale in feare, and ſleepe / In the affliction of theſe terrible Dreames, / That ſhake vs Nightly: […]

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 140, column 2:

SIR, I was thrice at Lamhith, to haue dined with the Archeb. sins your departure, and still he was to dine, at the Court or with some Bishop. But I must and will finde him assoone as I may: and rather at a meale, then otherwise, because I would haue meanes, to participat at large, about our Collation: […]

1606 February 25, Tho[mas] Bodley, “149”, in G[eorge] W[ilson] Wheeler, editor, Letters of Sir Thomas Bodley to Thomas James, First Keeper of the Bodleian Library […], Oxford, Oxon: At the Clarendon Press, published 1926, page 155:

1640, Richard Brathwait, Ar't asleep Husband? A BOULSTER LECTURE, Stored with all variety of witty Jests, merry Tales, and other pleasant passages; extracted from the choycest Flowers of Phi∣losophy, Poesy, ancient and moderne Historyː
Give me but so many meals, and thou shalt find me one of the strongest Turkish males that ever English gennet bore.

1796, Robert Bage, Hermsprong: or, Man As He Is Notː
This letter was written whilst my hostess of the George was preparing the last meal I ever was to eat.

1835, Edgar Allan Poe, The Unparalleled Adventure of One Hans Pfaallː
Puss, who seemed in a great measure recovered from her illness, now made a hearty meal of the dead bird, and then went to sleep with much apparent satisfaction.

Indeed, the worthy gentleman, stimulated perhaps by the immediate prospect of being in active service, was in great spirits and good-humour; in proof whereof it may be here remarked that he humorously drank all the beer at a draught, and did not utter, on a rough calculation, more than four-score oaths during the whole progress of the meal.

1838, Boz [pseudonym; Charles Dickens], “Wherein Oliver Is Delivered over to Mr. William Sikes”, in Oliver Twist; or, The Parish Boy’s Progress. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, pages 15–16:

After the meal, he rinsed the cans they had eaten from (marveling again at his own water extravagance), and when he turned around, Jake was asleep again.

1981 February, Stephen King, “The Oracle and the Mountains”, in Edward L[ewis] Ferman, editor, The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, volume 60, number 2 (whole 329), Cornwall, Conn.: Mercury Press, Inc., →ISSN, page 21, column 2:

Energy has seldom been found where we need it when we want it. Ancient nomads, wishing to ward off the evening chill and enjoy a meal around a campfire, had to collect wood and then spend time and effort coaxing the heat of friction out from between sticks to kindle a flame. With more settled people, animals were harnessed to capstans or caged in treadmills to turn grist into meal.

2013 July-August, Henry Petroski, “Geothermal Energy”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 4:

2016, Melissa Clark, Consider This Permission to Eat Burrata for Dinner in The New York Timesː
In this recipe, I go even further, adding a robust salad to turn a lone cheese into a satisfying summer meal.

(countable) Food that is prepared and eaten, usually at a specific time, and usually in a comparatively large quantity (as opposed to a snack).

a1450, The Macro Playsː
If thou wilt fare well at meat and meal, come and follow me.

This is the meal pleasantly set . . . . this is the meat and drink for natural hunger, / It is for the wicked just the same as the righteous . . . .

1855 July 4, Walt Whitman, “[Song of Myself]”, in Leaves of Grass, Brooklyn, New York, N.Y.: [James and Andrew Rome], →OCLC, page 25:

Last spring, the periodical cicadas emerged across eastern North America. Their vast numbers and short above-ground life spans inspired awe and irritation in humans—and made for good meals for birds and small mammals.

2012 March-April, Anna Lena Phillips, “Sneaky Silk Moths”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 172:

(countable) Food served or eaten as a repast.


meal

From Middle English mele, from Old English melu (“meal, flour”), from Proto-West Germanic *melu, from Proto-Germanic *melwą (“meal, flour”), from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to grind, mill”).
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian moal, Dutch meel, German Mehl, Albanian miell, Proto-Slavic *melvo (“grain to be ground”) (Bulgarian мливо (mlivo)), Dutch malen (“to grind”), German mahlen (“to grind”), Old Irish melim (“I grind”), Latin molō (“I grind”), Tocharian A/B malywët (“you press”)/melye (“they tread on”), Lithuanian málti, Old Church Slavonic млѣти (mlěti), Ancient Greek μύλη (múlē, “mill”). More at mill.

cog

Ancient nomads, wishing to ward off the evening chill and enjoy a meal around a campfire, had to collect wood and then spend time and effort coaxing the heat of friction out from between sticks to kindle a flame. With more settled people, animals were harnessed to capstans or caged in treadmills to turn grist into meal.

The coarse-ground edible part of various grains often used to feed animals; flour or a coarser blend than flour.


lunch

en-noun

lunch (countable and uncountable, plural lunches)

→ Bengali: লাঞ্চ (lanco)

→ Cantonese: lunch

→ Dutch: lunch

→ French: lunch

→ German: Lunch

→ Japanese: ランチ (ranchi)

→ Korean: 런치 (reonchi)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: lunsj

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: lunsj

→ Polish: lunch

→ Portuguese: lanche

→ Russian: ланч (lanč), ленч (lenč)

→ Spanish: lonche

→ Swedish: lunch

→ Ukrainian: ланч (lanč)

→ Yiddish: לאָנטש (lontsh)

Recorded since 1580 in the sense “piece, hunk”. The word luncheon with the same meaning is presumably an extension on the pattern of puncheon (“cask”) and truncheon (“cudgel”). But earliest found forms include lunshin and lunching, which are equivalent to lunch + -ing, with the suffix -ing possibly later modified to imitate a French origin.
The sense “light meal” is first attested for luncheon in 1652 and for lunch in 1829, so in this sense the latter is probably a shortening of the former.
Lunch is possibly a derivative of lump (as hunch is from hump. See hunch for more), or represents an alteration of nuncheon, from Middle English nonechenche (“light midday meal”) (see nuncheon) and altered by northern English dialect lunch (“hunk of bread or cheese”) (1590), which perhaps is from lump or from Spanish lonja (“a slice”, literally “loin”).

cog

there ain't no such thing as a free lunch

We made an odd party before the arrival of the Ten, particularly when the Celebrity dropped in for lunch or dinner.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter V, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

A light meal usually eaten around midday, notably when not as main meal of the day.

dîner m (Belgium, Cajun, Swiss and Canadian French, in which "déjeuner" means "breakfast")


dinner

en-noun

dinner (countable and uncountable, plural dinners)

→ Cantonese: dinner

→ German: Dinner

→ Hausa: dina

→ Japanese: ディナー (dinā)

→ Maori: tina

→ Swazi: lidina

→ Unami: ntìnël

→ Xhosa: idinala

From Middle English dyner, from Old French disner (“lunch”, but originally “breakfast”), (modern French dîner), from Vulgar Latin *disiūnō, *disiūnāre from Latin dis- + iēiūnō (“to break the fast”). Doublet of diner.

der

At twilight in the summer[…]the mice come out. They[…]eat the luncheon crumbs. Mr. Checkley, for instance, always brought his dinner in a paper parcel in his coat-tail pocket, and ate it when so disposed, sprinkling crumbs lavishly[…]on the floor.

1892, Walter Besant, “In the Office”, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 45:

It was already late for school, so the boy took his time and only arrived in the village when Heidi came home for dinner. […] "Come to the table now and eat with us. Then you can go up with Heidi, and when you bring her back at night, you can get your supper here."

1919, Elisabeth P. Stork (translator), Heidi, Johanna Spyrihttp://www.gutenberg.org/files/20781/20781-h/20781-h.htm

A midday meal (in a context in which the evening meal is called supper or tea).

dîner

Cajun, Swiss, Canadian, Louisiana and Romandy French

1993, Mark Berry as "King Harkinian", a character in Animation Magic, Zelda: The Wand of Gamelon, Philips Interactive Media (publ.).
I wonder what's for dinner.

I want to cook dinner.
Audio (US): (file)

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

The main meal of the day, often eaten in the evening.

I had some friends to dinner two nights ago.

estebéd (a rare term referring to a hot meal in the evening, literally "evening-lunch")

vakariņas

evening meal; but, in Latvia, the main meal is the midday meal

Give the dog its dinner.

When I gave a dinner there was generally a cover laid for him. I liked the man for his own sake, and even had he promised to turn out a celebrity it would have had no weight with me.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 2:

Soon after the arrival of Mrs. Campbell, dinner was announced by Abboye. He came into the drawing room resplendent in his gold-and-white turban. […] His cummerbund matched the turban in gold lines.

1927, F. E. Penny, chapter 4, in Pulling the Strings:

A formal meal for many people eaten for a special occasion.

banquet

formal meal for many people eaten at a special occasion


vodka

en-noun

vodka (countable and uncountable, plural vodkas)

→ Cebuano: bodka

→ Welsh: fodca

From Russian во́дка (vódka), from вода́ (vodá, “water”) + -ка (-ka, “-let: forming diminutives”). The archaic Russian name for vodka was хле́бное вино́ (xlébnoje vinó, “grain wine”); V. Pokhlyobkin's research suggests the present name derived from expressions concerning the dilution of the initial pure distilled spirit such as "vodka of grain wine".
Cognates include Sanskrit उदक (udaka), Ancient Greek ὕδωρ (húdōr) → English hydro-, English whisky and English water.

standards of identity
standard of identity

(US standards of identity) Neutral spirits distilled (or treated after distillation) so as to have no distinctive character, aroma, taste, or color.


side

en-verb

side (third-person singular simple present sides, present participle siding, simple past and past participle sided)

sides (present singular third-person)
siding (participle present)
sided (participle past)
sided (past)

From Middle English side, from Old English sīde (“side, flank”), from Proto-Germanic *sīdǭ (“side, flank, edge, shore”), from Proto-Indo-European *sēy- (“to send, throw, drop, sow, deposit”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Siede (“side”), West Frisian side (“side”), Dutch zijde, zij (“side”), German Low German Sied (“side”), German Seite (“side”), Danish and Norwegian side (“side”), Swedish sida (“side”).
The LGBTQ slang sense was coined by sex therapist and author Joe Kort in 2010 and popularized in 2013. The sense was coined by analogy with top and bottom and based on the metaphor of a box which has a top, bottom, and sides.

coinage

Entrees are sided with a generous portion of vegetables, and some include little surprises […]

1995, Orange Coast Magazine, volume 11, number 8, page 166:

A chocolate cakelette, caramel percolating from its warm top, is sided with peanut butter chantilly cream.

2009 March 14, Corey Mintz, “Stop and cheer chefs' dedication to quality”, in Toronto Star:

(transitive, cooking) To provide with, as a side or accompaniment.


mast

(bodybuilding slang) The anabolic steroid drostanolone propionate, also known as Masteron


vegan

Etymology tree
Middle English vegetable
English vegetable
English -arian
English vegetarian
English vegan
Clipping of vegetarian or vegetable, 1944. Coined by English vegan activist Donald Watson of the Vegan Society and first used in the name of The Vegan News.

coin

He eats a completely vegan diet.

This chocolate cake is vegan.

Is their way of eating healthy and safe? Doctors and nutritionists generally give an almost unqualified “yes” to lacto‐ovo vegetarianism, but express some doubts about vegan diets.

1975 March 21, Judy Klemesrud, “Vegetarianism: Growing Way of Life, Especially Among the Young”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

The interest of heavyweight investors is confirmation that vegan food has gone mainstream, but it could also make it harder for Oatly to maintain its anti-establishment image.

2021 May 18, Jack Ewing, Lauren Hirsch, “The Big Money Is Going Vegan”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(of a product or practice, especially food) Not containing animal products (meat, eggs, milk, leather, etc) or inherently involving animal use.

She is not vegan as she eats eggs and wears leather.

(of a person) Committed to avoiding any product or practice that inherently involves animal use.


vegan

A person who does not eat, drink or otherwise consume any animal products

Our vegan-friendly shaving brush is made with synthetic bristles instead of badger hair.

A person committed to avoiding products and practices that inherently involve animal use, including all foods containing animal products, and to abstaining from direct and intentional harm to animals as far as possible; an adherent to veganism.

絶対菜食主義者 (zettaisaishokushugisha, literally “absolute vegetarian”)


vegetarian

/ˌvɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛə.ɹɪ.ən/

From vegetable + -arian; popularized following 1847 foundation of British Vegetarian Society.

"The sight and smell of raw meat are especially odious to me, and I have often thought that if I had had to be my own cook, I should inevitably become a vegetarian, probably, indeed, return entirely to my green and salad days."

1839, Fanny Kemble, Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation in 1838-1839, New York: Harper and Brothers, published 1863, pp. 197-198:

Vegetarian Society […] A society […] formed at Manchester in 1847, to promote the use of cereals, pulse, and fruit, as articles of diet; and to induce habits of abstinence from fish, flesh, and fowl, as food.

1897, Robert Hunter, Charles Morris, Universal Dictionary of the English Language, volume 4, page 5045:

vegetarian […] One who abstains from animal food, living exclusively on vegetables, milk, eggs, and the like. The more strict vegetarians eat vegetables and farinaceous food only, abstaining from eggs, butter, milk, and in some cases, honey.

I went in for all books available on vegetarianism and read them. One of these, Howard Williams' The Ethics of Diet, was a 'biographical history of the literature of humane dietetics from the earliest period to the present day'. It tried to make out, that all philosophers and prophets from Pythagoras and Jesus down to those of the present age were vegetarians.

1925-29, Mahadev Desai (translator), M.K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, Part I, chapter xv

Heh heh. You hit like a vegetarian!

2013, Miles Chapman, Arnell Jesko, Escape Plan, spoken by Rottmayer (Arnold Schwarzenegger):

A person who does not eat animal flesh, or, in some cases, use any animal products.

vegetariër

person who does not eat any animal flesh


vegetarian

en-adj

vegetarian (comparative more vegetarian, superlative most vegetarian)

more vegetarian (comparative)
most vegetarian (superlative)

/ˌvɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛə.ɹɪ.ən/

Must we not put to death blackbirds and thrushes because they feed on worms, or (if capital punishment offends our humanitarianism) starve them slowly by permanent captivity and vegetarian diet?

1893, David George Ritchie, Natural Rights: A Criticism of Some Political and Ethical Conceptions:

Of or relating to the type of diet eaten by vegetarians (in all senses).

вегетарыя́нскі

Is there such a thing as a good tasting vegetarian hot dog? Cuz every one I've tried tasted like smelted tire.

2008, Wil Forbis, Acid Logic: A Decade of Humorous Writing on Pop Culture, Trash Cinema, and Rebel Music, page 208:

Of a product normally made with meat, having non-meat substitutes in place of meat.

vegetarià

of a product normally made with meat, having non-meat substitutes in place of meat


acetabulum

en-noun

acetabulum (plural acetabulums or acetabula)

Learned borrowing from Latin acētābulum (“vinegar saucer, 1/48 congius”), from acētum (“vinegar”) + -bulum (“-bule: a vessel for”).

lbor

(historical) A Roman unit of liquid measure reckoned as the volume of 2½ Roman ounces of wine and equivalent to about 66 mL although differing slightly over time.

congius (48 acetabula) urna (192 acetabula)


Christmas

The proper noun is derived from Middle English Cristemasse, Criste-mas (“Christmas Day; season of Christmas; Christmas festivities”) [and other forms], from Old English Cristes mæsse (“Christmas”, literally “Christ’s mass”), from Crist (“Christ”) + -es (possessive marker) + mæsse (“a mass (celebration of the Eucharist)”). The English word is analysable as Christ + -mas (suffix denoting a holiday or sacred day). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Kristmisse (“Christmas”), West Frisian Krystmis (“Christmas”), Dutch Kerstmis (“Christmas”), German Low German Karstmis (“Christmas”).
The noun, adjective, and verb are derived from the proper noun.
Adjective sense 1 (“red and green in color”) refers to these colors being traditionally associated with Christmas.

cog

(chiefly New Mexico, cooking) Of a dish: having a sauce made with red (ripe) and green (unripe) chili peppers.

punaista ja vihreää chiliä sisältävä

of a dish: having a sauce made with red and green chili peppers


mate

From Middle English mate, a borrowing from Middle Low German mate (“messmate”) (replacing Middle English mette (“table companion, mate, partner”), from Old English ġemetta (“sharer of food, table-guest”)), derived from Proto-Germanic *gamatjô, itself from *ga- (“together”) (related to German and Dutch ge-) + *matjô (from *matiz (“food”)), related to Old English mete (“food”)). From the same Middle Low German source stems German Low German Maat (“journeyman, companion”), German Maat (“naval non-commissioned officer”). Cognates include Saterland Frisian Moat (“friend, buddy, comrade, mate”), Dutch maat (“mate, partner, colleague, friend”). More at Old English ġe-, English co-, English meat. Doublet of maat.

Excuse me, mate, have you got the time?

(colloquial, British, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, sometimes elsewhere in the Commonwealth) Friendly term of address to a stranger, usually male, of similar age.


mate

Ilex paraguariensis
Ilex paraguariensis#Translingual

Alternative spelling of maté, an aromatic tea-like drink prepared from the holly yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis).


lemonade

en-noun

lemonade (countable and uncountable, plural lemonades)

→ Japanese: レモネード (remonēdo)

→ Korean: 레모네이드 (remoneideu)

→ Welsh: lemonêd

From French limonade, equivalent to lemon + -ade.

നാരങ്ങാവെള്ളം

nāraṅṅāveḷḷaṁ

(US, Canada, India, Philippines) A flavoured beverage consisting of water, lemon, and sweetener, sometimes ice, served mainly as a refreshment.

(UK, Australia, New Zealand) A clear, usually carbonated, beverage made from lemon or artificial lemon flavouring, water, and sugar.

In fact, a recent report from Denver shows it [street heroin] was about 1 to 2 percent and the addicts that are receiving this in many cases refer to it as lemonade, because it is so weak.

1965, United States Congress, Hearings before the Subcommittee of the Committee of Appropriations, page 128:

Lemonade — heroin; poor quality drugs

1996, Karen Bellenir, Substance Abuse Sourcebook:

(slang, derogatory) Recreational drugs of poor or weak quality, especially heroin.


bagel

→ Chinese: 貝果 /贝果 (bèiguǒ)

→ Dutch: bagel

→ Finnish: bagel

→ French: bagel

→ German: Bagel

→ Greek: μπέιγκελ (béigkel)

→ Hijazi Arabic: بيقل (bēgil, bēgal)

→ Indonesian: bagel

→ Italian: bagel

→ Japanese: ベーグル (bēguru)

→ Korean: 베이글 (beigeul)

→ Persian: بیگل (beygel)

→ Portuguese: bagel

→ Russian: бейгл (bejgl)

→ Spanish: bagel

→ Thai: เบเกิล (bee-gə̂l)

→ Ukrainian: бейґл (bejgl)

Borrowed from Yiddish בייגל (beygl), ultimately from a diminutive of Middle High German bouc, boug- (“ring, bracelet”), from Old High German boug (“ring”), from Proto-West Germanic *baug, from Proto-Germanic *baugaz (“ring”).
Compare obsolete English bee, Old English bēag, Old Frisian bāg, Old Saxon bōg, Middle Low German bōg, Old Norse baugr. Also compare dialectal Austrian German Beugel, Beigel. See also beag.

(slang, ethnic slur, South Africa) An overly materialistic and selfish young Jewish man.


punch

en-verb

punch (third-person singular simple present punches, present participle punching, simple past and past participle punched)

punches (present singular third-person)
punching (participle present)
punched (participle past)
punched (past)

From Middle English punchen, partially from Old French ponchonner (“to punch”), from ponchon (“pointed tool”), from Latin punctio, from punctus, perfect passive participle of pungō (“I prick”); and partially from Middle English punchen, a syncopated variant of punischen ("to punish"; see punish). Also influenced by Middle English punchon ("a punch"; see puncheon). Compare also Middle English bunchen, bonchen (“to punch, deliver a blow, pound, beat”).

gloss

"to punish"; see <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">punish</i>

"a punch"; see <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">puncheon</i>

(transitive, winemaking) To perform pigeage: to stamp down grape skins that float to the surface during fermentation.


fruitcake

en-noun

fruitcake (countable and uncountable, plural fruitcakes)

From fruit + cake, first use appears c. 1687. Sense of a crazy person, c. 1952 (predated by nutty as a fruitcake, c. 1911-12).

A cake containing dried fruits and, optionally, nuts, citrus peel and spice.


bar

bar (countable and uncountable, plural bars)

→ Albanian: bar m

→ Arabic: بَار m (bār)

→ Armenian: բար (bar)

→ Bulgarian: бар (bar)

→ Burmese: ဘား (bha:)

→ Chichewa: bála

→ Cantonese: 吧 (baa¹)

→ Czech: bar m

→ Danish: bar c

→ Dutch: bar m

→ Esperanto: baro

→ Estonian: baar

→ French: bar m
→ Romanian: bar

→ Galician: bar m

→ Georgian: ბარი (bari)

→ German: Bar f

→ Greek: μπαρ n (bar)

→ Gulf Arabic: بار (bār)

→ Hebrew: בָּר (bar), בָּאר (bár)

→ Hungarian: bár (also via German)

→ Icelandic: bar m

→ Irish: beár m

→ Italian: bar m

→ Japanese: バー (bā)

→ Khmer: បារ (baa)

→ Korean: 바 (ba)

→ Lithuanian: bãras m

→ Macedonian: бар m (bar)

→ Malagasy: ba

→ Mandarin: 吧 (bā)

→ Norwegian:

Bokmål: bar m

Nynorsk: bar m

→ Persian: بار (bâr)

→ Polish: bar m

→ Portuguese: bar m

→ Russian: бар m (bar)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ба̑р m, bȃr m

→ Slovene: bȃr m

→ Spanish: bar m

→ Swahili: baa

→ Swedish: bar c (see there for further descendants)

→ Thai: บาร์ (baa)

→ Turkish: bar

→ Xhosa: íbhári

→ Zulu: ibha

From Middle English barre, from Old French barre (“beam, bar, gate, barrier”), from Vulgar Latin *barra, of uncertain origin. Doublet of barre.

der

The street was lined with all-night bars.

A business selling alcoholic drinks for consumption on the premises, or the premises themselves; a public house.

kroeg

business licensed to sell intoxicating beverages

He's studying hard to pass the Bar this time; he's failed it twice before.

(US, Philippines, law, usually with the) The bar exam, the legal licensing exam.


bar

From Middle English barren, from Old French barrer, from Medieval Latin barrare (“to bar”), from the noun. Cognate to Occitan barrar, Spanish barrar, Portuguese barrar.
Preposition properly imperative of the verb. Compare barring.

Leg At Each Corner is at 3/1, Lost My Shirt 5/1, and it's 10/1 bar.

(horse racing) Denotes the minimum odds offered on other horses not mentioned by name.


tomato sauce

en-noun

tomato sauce (usually uncountable, plural tomato sauces)

Russian Tomato Sauce will keep, tightly covered, in the refrigerator for 10 days.

2002, Steve Brill, The Wild Vegetarian Cookbook, page 186:

Classical tomato sauce, as explained by Escoffier, is made with a roux, but this is rarely done in modern kitchens.

2007, Wayne Gisslen, Professional Cooking, 6th edition, page 176:

But in the summer, fresh tomato sauce should be a staple; peeling the tomatoes—which is optional—is undeniably a bit of work (seeding takes only a second), but the flavor of the sauce is much better than canned, thee texture is rich and silky, and the color much prettier.

2007, Mark Bittman, How to Cook Everything Vegetarian: Simple Meatless Recipes for Great Food, page 445:

(cooking) A thick sauce made from tomatoes for pasta etc.

A plastic tomato sauce bottle, which could have been cut in half to make a flower pot, was quickly surveyed along with other trophies, and received the death sentence. “In the bin, Bob.”

1979 June, Peter C. Harper, Robert Alexander Falla K.B.E., C.M.G., M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.N.Z.: An Appreciation, page 356:

1980 January-May, Laurence Le Guay, Cruising World, page 98,
I quickly learned that there is a hell of a difference between tomato sauce and ketchup and that there is an even greater difference when it comes to mayonnaise: real American or the pseudo Australian — and I had always believed this to be a French concoction.

The event was a BBQ in the peaceful and picturesque System Garden at the University of Melbourne, Parkville campus. Food was plentifil and included a variety of sausages and veggie burgers, onions, bread and tomato sauce in addition to soft drinks.

2003 March, Microbiology Australia, page 46:

(UK, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei) Tomato ketchup, used as a condiment.


cola

cola (countable and uncountable, plural colas)

→ Korean: 콜라 (kolla)

From a Niger-Congo language, compare Temne kola, Mandinka kola. The beverage "Coca-Cola" was what made the term widely known, and popularized the spelling with c instead of k.

A beverage or a drink made with kola nut flavoring, caramel and carbonated water.


feta

feta (countable and uncountable, plural fetas)

From Greek φέτα (féta), from Italian fetta (“slice”).

A variety of curd cheese made from sheep’s or goat’s milk and originating from Greece.


kefalotyri

/ˌkɛfələʊˈtɪɹi/

Borrowed from Greek κεφαλοτύρι (kefalotýri), from the Greek words for "head" and "cheese" : κεφαλο- (kefalo-) + τυρί (tyrí); see cephalo-.


parmesan

parmesan (usually uncountable, plural parmesans)

/ˈpɑːmɪˌzæn/

/ˌpɑːmɪˈzæn/

found in the US, perhaps under influence from Italian

/ˈpɑɹ.məˌʒɑn/

/ˈpɑːməˌzən/

Borrowed from Middle French parmesan, from an earlier Vulgar Latin *parmēsānus, restructuring of Latin parmēnsis (from Latin Parma).
Compare Italian parmigiano, Catalan parmesà, Portuguese parmesão, Sicilian parmisanu, Spanish parmesano

A hard, full-fat Italian cheese from Parma.


asiago

asiago (countable and uncountable, plural asiagos)

Named for the northern Italian town of Asiago.

A hard Italian cheese similar to parmesan.

Asiago

a hard Italian cheese similar to parmesan


madeleine

In Search of Lost Time
Marcel Proust
fr:Madeleine Paulmier

Unadapted borrowing from French madeleine, from earlier gâteau à la Madeleine, after the given name Madeleine (“Magdalene”), of uncertain reference: attributed in some sources to a 19th-century pastry cook Madeleine Paulmier, whose existence is now considered dubious.
In sense 2, used with reference to the cake's function in the extract below, taken from Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time.

ubor

And suddenly the memory revealed itself. The taste was that of the little piece of madeleine which on Sunday mornings at Combray […] my aunt Léonie used to give me, dipping it first in her own cup of tea or tisane.

1981, Marcel Proust, CK Scott Moncrieff & Terence Kilmartin (translators), Swann's Way, Folio Society, published 2005, page 44:

Madeleine batter can be made in advance and refrigerated.

2003, Emily Luchetti, A Passion for Desserts, Chronicle Books, page 20:

A French type of small gateau or sponge cake, often shaped like an elongated scallop shell.

madeleine

small gateau in the shape of a scallop shell


tapas

en-noun

tapas pl (normally plural, singular tapa)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-tapas.wav

From Spanish tapas, the plural of tapa (“appetizer, tapa; cap, lid (cover of a container)”) (from the fact that plates of tapas were originally placed on the tops of glasses of alcoholic beverages as lids), from Gothic *𐍄𐌰𐍀𐍀𐌰 (*tappa), from Proto-Germanic *tappô (“plug; tap”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂p- (“to lose; to sacrifice”). Doublet of tap.

der

The snacks are called tapas because in the old days a piece of toast was served, too, so that you might have a "top" on your glass of sherry, a lid that would prevent the flies from getting into the glass.

1986, Jeff Smith, “The Tapas Buffet (Spain)”, in The Frugal Gourmet Cooks with Wine, New York, N.Y.: William Morrow and Company, →ISBN, page 88:

Most food scholars agree that the tapas tradition originated in the wine-growing regions of Andalusia, eventually spreading throughout the country. The Moors (Muslim Arabs), who dominated Spain from the beginning of the eighth century until the end of the fifteenth century, settled in the same area, and their meze tradition undoubtedly had an influence on the rise of the tapa.

2013, Joyce Goldstein, “Introduction”, in Tapas: Sensational Small Plates from Spain, San Francisco, Calif.: Chronicle Books, →ISBN, page 8:

A variety of Spanish small savoury food items or snacks such as croquettes, cured meat, potato salad, and seafood, originally served with sherry and now often with other alcoholic beverages as well.

տապաս

variety of Spanish small savoury food items or snacks, originally served with sherry and now often with other alcoholic beverages as well


gâteau

en-noun

gâteau (countable and uncountable, plural gâteaux or gâteaus)

We were served pancakes with smoked salmon, followed by thick slices of gâteau.

1993, Christopher Evans, Aztec Century, London: Gollancz, published 2013, →ISBN:

Julie was a froster, the glamour job at the factory. She wore her cute white hat cocked at a jaunty angle while working a big white bag of frosting, twisting it rapidly in her hands to create the various designs on top of the gâteaux.

2016, Martha Grimes, Ken Grimes, Double Double: A Dual Memoir of Alcoholism, page 88:


popcorn

popcorn (countable and uncountable, plural popcorns)

Georgian: პოპკორნი (ṗoṗḳorni)

German: Popcorn

desc

Greek: ποπ κορν (pop korn), ποπκόρν (popkórn)

Icelandic: poppkorn

Japanese: ポップコーン (poppukōn)

Korean: 팝콘 (papkon)

Norwegian:

Bokmål: popkorn

Nynorsk: popkorn

Polish: popcorn

Russian: попко́рн (popkórn)

Swedish: popcorn

Short for popped + corn. By surface analysis, pop + corn.

(chiefly uncountable) A snack food made from corn or maize kernels popped by dry heating.

springmielie

a snack food made from corn kernels popped by dry heating

મકાઈની ધાણી

makāīnī dhāṇī


sandwich

en-verb

sandwich (third-person singular simple present sandwiches, present participle sandwiching, simple past and past participle sandwiched)

sandwiches (present singular third-person)
sandwiching (participle present)
sandwiched (participle past)
sandwiched (past)

[ˈsæmˌwɪt͡ʃ]

[ˈsæ̃ˌwɪt͡ʃ]

Named after its supposed inventor, the Earl of Sandwich (see Sandwich).

They sandwiched her, the footballer at her back, his dick tucked into the perfect seam of her ass as he fingered her pussy while the shorter, leaner, covered-in-tattoos Monsieur Artiste kissed her and pinched her nipples

But one or two evil-disposed characters muttered they might be sure the lady had her own turn to serve, and they might be sure they wasn't "teaed and muffined and sandwiched for nothing!"

1866, Emma Jane Worboise, “The St. Beetha’s Temperance Society”, in St. Beetha’s; or, The Heiress of Arne, London: “Christian World” Office, […]; Jackson, Walford, and Hodder, […], →OCLC, page 213:

The association of veteran firemen, which has a membership of 200, kept open house for New Year callers, and all comers were bountifully sandwiched and coffeed.

1897 January 7, “City’s Veteran Firemen. New Year Reception. The Rooms of the Association Filled with Guests. Reminiscences, Reunion, and Refreshments,”, in The Pittsfield Sun, volume 97, number 26, Pittsfield, Mass., page 7:

Here at Camp Wheeler we “coffeed” and “sandwiched” the drafted men when they came from Camp Gordon several weeks ago, and the men from Camp Pike more recently.

1917 November 11, Dumas Malone, “The Ring and the Red Triangle: How the Men Who Wear the New Insignia Go With the Army”, in The Macon Daily Telegraph, Macon, Ga., first section, article section “The Ever-Ready Hut”, page four:

There we were met by enterprising citizens and coffeed and sandwiched by pretty girls.

1929, Howard W[allace] Peak, A Ranger of Commerce or 52 Years on the Road, page 87:

Five soldiers had been sandwiched and coffeed at the Elks canteen, were a little short of money, needed haircuts.

1942 August 31, “Who Clipped the Soldiers’—Hair?”, in Harrisburg Telegraph, volume CXII, number 206, Harrisburg, Pa., second section, page 9:

I clothed desperate families, and sandwiched and teaed many distracted souls.

1953, [Irene Curzon, 2nd] Baroness Ravensdale, In Many Rhythms: An Autobiography, page 249:

I write this on the kitchen table at the home of the kind Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd Ebert, who sandwiched and coffee’d me.

1959 October 7, Charles House, “Charlie Pauses at 75-Mile Mark To Recount Latest Adventures”, in Appleton Post-Crescent, volume LI, number 88, Appleton-Neenah-Menasha, Wis., section “Coffee Break”, page A16:

Mrs. Robert (Helen) Adickes, of Flintridge, mate of the chairman of the Pilots For Goldwater committee, was in there pitching as usual seeing that everyone was fed and coffeed or, in the case of the young colts and fillies, sandwiched and popped.

1964 October 13, Gene Cowles, Valley Times, volume 27, number 246, San Fernando Valley, Calif., page 15:

Hostesses like Laurie McCormack, who’s used to keeping politicians, press and businessmen coffeed and sandwiched on special visits to the train, sat back and let Jay Montague and other merchants reverse roles.

1975 October 14, Kathleen Merryman, “Freedom Train fires up parties”, in The Billings Gazette, 90th year, number 165, Billings, Mont., page 11-A:

“In the daytimes, he fixes things for people,” I said, “and in return they keep him sandwiched and coffeed.”

1976 August 28, Joan Flanagan, “cassidy’s mob”, in The Sydney Morning Herald, number 43,275, page 14:

(transitive, informal) To feed sandwiches to.

Mr. and Mrs. Ted Craig (he^([sic]) speaker of the assembly) emerging from a popular drive-in after having sandwiched and coffeed . . .

1935 June 29, Ellen Snebley, “Teapot Tattle”, in Santa Ana Journal, volume 1, number 52, Santa Ana, Calif., page eight:

He coffeed and sandwiched along the highway.

1965, Thea Astley, The Slow Natives, page 196:

The Red Knight and his squire might be sandwiching at the very next table.

2006, Gary Zingher, “The Child as Everyday Explorer”, in Theme Play: Exciting Young Imaginations, Libraries Unlimited, →ISBN, page 95:


sundae

A dessert consisting of ice cream with various toppings.


ice cream

en-noun

ice cream (countable and uncountable, plural ice creams)

→ Arabic: آيِس كِرِيم (ʔāyis kirīm)

→ Chinese: 冰淇淋

→ Hokkien: ice cream

→ Indonesian: es krim

desctree

→ Japanese: アイスクリーム (aisukurīmu)
→ Hokkien: ăi-sīr-khu-lìn-mù

→ Korean: 아이스크림 (aiseukeurim)

→ Magahi: 𑂅𑂮𑂹𑂍𑂹𑂩𑂲𑂧 (iskrīm)

→ Maori: aihikirīmi

→ Malay: aiskrim

→ Niuean: aisikirīmi

→ Punjabi: ਆਈਸ ਕਰੀਮ (āīsa karīm)

→ Swahili: aiskrimu

→ Tagalog: ayskrim

→ Tausug: ayskrim

→ Tokelauan: aiha-kulimi

Lexicalization of a reduced pronunciation of iced cream with regular deletion of -d before a cluster, from iced + cream. Compare mash potato.

Can I have some money for an ice cream, Mum?

(countable) A portion of ice cream on a stick, in a cup or in a wafer cone.


Swiss

en-noun

Swiss (countable and uncountable, plural Swisses or Swiss)

Adopted from Middle French Suisse in circa 1515, alongside the form Switzer directly loaned from German.

My favourite sandwich has roast beef and Swiss on rye bread.


swede

en-verb

swede (third-person singular simple present swedes, present participle sweding, simple past and past participle sweded)

swedes (present singular third-person)
sweding (participle present)
sweded (participle past)
sweded (past)

Coined by Michel Gondry in the film Be Kind Rewind, from the claim that films produced in this way were imported from Sweden.

Chances are you've sweded something before without even knowing it.

2008, “The Five Most Awesomely Sweded Movies”, in Esquire:

Luke Skywalker, Indiana Jones and John Rambo are this era's King Arthur, Beowulf and Robin Hood – and sweding represents a playful and heartfelt engagement with their myths.

2014, The Guardian, Sweded movies: the end of Hollywood as we know it?:

To produce a low-budget remake of a film without the use of professional actors or filming techniques.


wat

In Ethiopia, a volcanic pepper and spice seasoning, berbere, is widely used, and the stews called wats are eaten with a spongy flat bread, injera.

[1987 July 29, Steven Barboza, “Culinary Delights of Africa Reflect a Continent's Diversity”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(cooking) A kind of stew or curry eaten in Ethiopia and Eritrea.


hamburger

en-noun

hamburger (countable and uncountable, plural hamburgers)

→ Burmese: ဟမ်ဘာဂါ (hambhaga)

→ Dutch: hamburger

→ Estonian: hamburger

→ French: hamburger m

→ German: Hamburger m

→ Bulgarian: хамбургер (hamburger)

→ Hungarian: hamburger

→ Japanese: ハンバーガー

→ Italian: hamburger m

desc

→ Khmer: ហាំប៊ឺហ្គឺ (hambɨɨgɨɨ)

→ Khmer: ហាំប៊ឺហ្គឺ (hambɨɨgɨɨ)

→ Korean: 햄버거 (haembeogeo)

→ Macedonian: хамбургер (hamburger)

→ Mongolian: хамбургер (xamburger)

→ Persian: همبرگر

→ Polish: hamburger

→ Portuguese: hambúrguer m

→ Romanian: hamburger m

→ Russian: га́мбургер (gámburger)

→ Mongolian: гамбургер (gamburger)

→ Swahili: hambaga

แฮมเบอร์เกอร์

→ Thai: แฮมเบอร์เกอร์ (hɛm-bəə-gə̂ə)

→ Thai: แฮมเบอร์เกอร์ (hɛm-bəə-gə̂ə)

→ Turkish: hamburger

→ Vietnamese: hăm-bơ-gơ

/ˈhæmˌbɜː.ɡə/

/ˈhæmˌbɝ.ɡɚ/

Shortening of Hamburger sandwich, Hamburger steak, etc.; or, less likely, borrowed from German Hamburger (“native of Hamburg”), equivalent to Hamburg + -er.

(uncountable) Ground beef, especially that intended to be made into hamburgers.


grain

en-noun

grain (countable and uncountable, plural grains)

From Middle English greyn, grayn, grein, from Old French grain, grein, from Latin grānum (“seed”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂nóm (“grain”). Doublet of corn, gram, granum, and grao.

𒊺

harvested seeds of various grass-related food crops

гран

unit of mass notionally based on grain's weight

(uncountable) Similar seeds from any food crop, e.g., buckwheat, amaranth, quinoa.

a grain of wheat

grains of oat

(countable) A single seed of grass food crops.


salad

salad (countable and uncountable, plural salads)

→ Scottish Gaelic: sailead

→ Welsh: salad

PIE word
 *séh₂ls
From Middle English salade, from Old French salade, borrowed from Northern Italian salada, salata (compare insalata), from Vulgar Latin *salāta, from *salāre, from Latin saliō, from sal (“salt”). Vegetables were seasoned with brine or salty oil-and-vinegar dressings during Roman times.

شلاضة

šlāḍa, šalāḍa

Lafeu. ’Twas a good lady, ’twas a good lady: we may pick a thousand salads ere we light on such another herb.
Clown. Indeed, sir, she was the sweet marjoram of the salad, or rather, the herb of grace.

c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v]:

chicken salad

We'd like a couple of cheese salads and two Pepsis, please.

A food made primarily of a mixture of raw or cold ingredients, typically vegetables, usually served with a dressing such as vinegar or mayonnaise.

romaine salad

kale salad

Especially, such a mixture whose principal base is greens, most especially lettuce.

sandwiches comprising a meat, a cheese, a salad, and a condiment

A raw vegetable of the kind used in salads.

Rebuffed by the Arabs and then the Iranians for trying to be part of them and their societies, Pakistan is just a hotchpotch salad of people supposedly bound together by the myth of Muslim 'Ummah'.

2021 October 16, Gurvinder Singh, “Why Pakistan will fail”, in Guruwonder:

(idiomatic) Any varied blend or mixture.


turnover

turnover (countable and uncountable, plural turnovers)

Coordinate term: pasty

They only served me one apple turnover for breakfast.

A semicircular pastry made by turning one half of a circular crust over the other, enclosing the filling (usually fruit).

fritter

a pastry of a filling enclosed in a folded crust


garlic

garlic (countable and uncountable, plural garlics)

Inherited from Middle English garlek, garlik, from Old English gārlēac (“garlic”, literally “spear-leek”), from gār ("spear"; in reference to its sharp, tapering leaves) + lēac (“leek”). Cognate with Scots garlic (“garlic”), Faroese geirleykur (“garlic”), Icelandic geirlaukur (“garlic”).

gl

Athletes' use of herbal supplements has skyrocketed in the past two decades. At the top of the list of popular herbs are echinacea and ginseng, whereas garlic, St. John's wort, soybean, ephedra and others are also surging in popularity or have been historically prevalent.

2013 March 24, David S. Senchina, “Athletics and Herbal Supplements”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 2, archived from the original on 2013-05-16, page 134:

Allium sativum
Allium sativum#Translingual

A plant, Allium sativum, related to the onion, having a pungent bulb much used in cooking.

(uncountable) A preparation from Allium sativum used as a food ingredient or the flavor or other characteristics of such an ingredient.


garlic

en-verb

garlic (third-person singular simple present garlics, present participle garlicking, simple past and past participle garlicked)

garlics (present singular third-person)
garlicking (participle present)
garlicked (participle past)
garlicked (past)

[…]then through the sunned gathering of her marjoram and sweet basil from the herb garden, reading of book reviews in the latest Scientific American, into the layering of a lasagna, garlicking of a bread, tearing up of romaine leaves, eventually, oven on, into the mixing of the twilight's whisky sours against the arrival of her husband, Wendell (“Mucho) Maas from work, she wondered, wondered, shuffling back through a fat deckful of days which seemed (wouldn't she be first to admit it?) more or less identical, or all pointing the same way subtly like a conjurer's deck, any odd one readily clear to a trained eye.

1966 March, Thomas Pynchon, chapter 1, in The Crying of Lot 49, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Books, published November 1976, →ISBN, page 2:


zabaglione

en-noun

zabaglione (countable and uncountable, plural zabagliones)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-zabaglione.wav

/ˌzæbəˈljəʊnɪ/

Borrowed from Italian zabaglione, zabaione, possibly from Latin sabaia (“Illyrian barley beer”) (from an Illyrian word probably from Proto-Indo-European *sab- (“taste”)) + -one (augmentative suffix).

A custard-like dessert made with egg yolks, sugar and Marsala wine.


soju

soju (usually uncountable, plural sojus)

From Korean 소주(燒酒) (soju).
Compare Mandarin 燒酒 /烧酒 (shāojiǔ), Japanese 焼酎 (shōchū, “shōchū”). Doublet of shaojiu and shochu.

I'd also woken up with a raging thirst from the bottle and a half of soju I'd had with dinner, which also meant I was taking longer to come to my senses than usual.

2015, Han Kang, translated by Deborah Smith, The Vegetarian, Granta, published 2018, page 7:

A Korean distilled alcoholic beverage, similar to shochu.


ginger

en-verb

ginger (third-person singular simple present gingers, present participle gingering, simple past and past participle gingered)

gingers (present singular third-person)
gingering (participle present)
gingered (participle past)
gingered (past)

Inherited from Middle English gingere, alteration of gingivere, from Old English gingifer, gingiber (influenced by Old French gingembre), from Medieval Latin gingiber, zingiber, from Latin zingiberi, from Late Ancient Greek ζιγγίβερις (zingíberis), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀭 (siṃgivera), ultimately from Dravidian, compare Old Tamil 𑀇𑀜𑁆𑀘𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀭𑁆 (iñcivēr) and Tamil இஞ்சிவேர் (iñcivēr) from இஞ்சி (iñci, “ginger”) + வேர் (vēr, “root”).

/ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚ/

The accident was an excuse merely to replace an old-fashioned regular with old-fashioned notions by an active, fire-eating young general who would ginger things up.

1982, Lawrence Durrell, Constance, Faber & Faber, published 2004, page 886:

Before an action began, he liked to make bold predictions as to its outcome; this was part of his way of gingering people up, of creating an aura of victory to come.

2004, Eric Larrabee, Commander in Chief: Franklin Delano Roosevelt, His Lieutenants, and Their War, page 464:

Regarding this human angle, DeMille wrote, "I am sometimes accused of gingering up the Bible with large and lavish infusions of sex and violence. I can only wonder if my accusers have ever read certain parts of the Bible."

2007, J. Stephen Lang, The Bible on the Big Screen: A Guide from Silent Films to Today's Movies:

(idiomatic, transitive) To enliven, to spice (up).


fustian

en-noun

fustian (usually uncountable, plural fustians)

The noun is derived from Middle English fustian (“type of fabric, probably made from cotton, flax, or wool; piece of fustian spread over a bed or mattress”) [and other forms], from Old French fustaine, fustaigne (modern French futaine), from Medieval Latin fūstāneum, from (pannus) fūstāneus or (tela) fūstānea, of disputed origin.
Sense 3 (“inflated, pompous, or pretentious speech or writing”) is possibly from the fact that the fabric was sometimes used to make cushion- and pillowcases, thus suggesting that the speech or writing is “padded” or “stuffed”; compare bombast. The relationship between sense 4 (“hot drink made of a mixture of alcoholic beverages with egg yolk, lemon, and spices”) and the fabric is unclear.
The adjective is from an attributive use of the noun.
Cognates
* Italian fustagno
* Occitan fustani
* Portuguese fustão
* Spanish fustan

nb...

fustain, fustiane, fustane, fustayn, fustein, fusten, fustene, fustien, fustion, fustyane, fustyn, fustyon

RUMFUSTIAN. The yolks of twelve eggs, one quart of strong beer, one bottle of white wine, half a pint of gin, a grated nutmeg, the juice from the peeling of a lemon, a small quantity of cinnamon, and sufficient sugar to sweeten it;[…]

[1827, [Richard Cook], “RUMFUSTIAN”, in Oxford Night Caps. Being a Collection of Receipts for Making Various Beverages Used in the University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, London: […] Henry Slatter; and Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, […], →OCLC, page 24:

Rum Fustian is a "night-cap" made precisely in the same way as the preceding [egg-posset or egg-flip], with the yolks of twelve eggs, a quart of strong home-brewed beer, a bottle of white wine, half-a-pint of gin, a grated nutmeg, the juice from the peel of a lemon, a small quantity of cinnamon, and sugar sufficient to sweeten it.

1832, William Hone, “January 9”, in The Year Book of Daily Recreation and Information, […], London: […] [J. Haddon] for Thomas Tegg, […], →OCLC, column 62:

Rum fustian [i]s prepared at Oxford as follows: whisk up to a froth the yolks of six eggs and add them to a pint of gin and a quart of strong beer; boil up a bottle of sherry in a sauce-pan, with a stick of cinnamon or nutmeg grated, a dozen large lumps of sugar, and the rind of a lemon peeled very thin; when the wine boils, it is poured upon the beer and gin and drank hot.

1853, [Robert F. Riddell], “Drinks, Liqueurs, etc.”, in Indian Domestic Economy and Receipt Book; […], 4th edition, Madras: […] D. P. L. C. Connor, at the Christian Knowledge Society’s Press, […], →OCLC, page 350:

(alcoholic beverages, archaic) Chiefly in rum fustian: a hot drink made of a mixture of alcoholic beverages (as beer, gin, and sherry or white wine) with egg yolk, lemon, and spices.


feast

en-verb

feast (third-person singular simple present feasts, present participle feasting, simple past and past participle feasted)

feasts (present singular third-person)
feasting (participle present)
feasted (participle past)
feasted (past)

From Middle English feesten, festen, from Old French fester, from Medieval Latin festāre, from the noun. See above.

With my love's picture then my eye doth feast.

1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 47”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:

(intransitive) To dwell upon (something) with delight.


onion

Bislama: anian

Tok Pisin: anian

→ Maori: aniana

From Middle English onyoun, oynoun, from Old French oignon, from Latin ūniōnem, accusative of ūniō (“onion, large pearl”), which had also been borrowed into Old English as yne, ynnelēac (“onion”) (> Middle English hynne-leac, henne-leac). Also displaced Middle English knelek (literally “knee-leek”) and the inherited term ramsons.
* (soy): Stems from a 4chan word filter which changes the word soy to onions. The word filter was implemented in relation to the "alpha onion eater" meme, which is depicted as the direct opposite of the soy boy.

noncog

Some of the weeds that cause an undesirable flavor in milk are: onion, tarweed, scaleweed, garlic, mustard, pepper grass.

1944, Oregon. Agricultural experiment station, Circular of Information - Issues 323-395, page 3:

To get started, how about creating an edible window box? Sowed in the spring, salad seeds like radish, lettuce and spring onion will germinate so quickly that you'll be harvesting a crop in a month or two.

2021, Rose Ray, Caro Langton, Into Green: Everyday Ways to Find and Lose Yourself in Nature, page 62:

A monocotyledonous plant (Allium cepa), allied to garlic, used as vegetable and spice.


nutmeg

en-noun

nutmeg (countable and uncountable, plural nutmegs)

→ Irish: noitmig

→ Japanese: ナツメグ (natsumegu)

→ Maori: natimeke

→ Welsh: nytmeg

From Middle English notemege, notemuge, a partial translation of Medieval Latin nux muga, a variant of Medieval Latin nux muscata (“musky nut”). Compare also Old French nois mugede.
For the term used in various ball sports, see Wikipedia.

der

Myristica fragrans
Myristica fragrans#Translingual

An evergreen tree (Myristica fragrans) cultivated in the East Indies for its spicy seeds.


grease

en-noun

grease (countable and uncountable, plural greases)

From Middle English grece, from Anglo-Norman grece, from Vulgar Latin *grassia, noun derived from Latin crassus (“fat, thick”).


cafe

(South Africa) A convenience store, originally one that sold coffee and similar basic items.


wasabi

wasabi (usually uncountable, plural wasabis)

A pungent green Japanese condiment made from the plant Eutrema japonicum (syn. Wasabia japonica).


horseradish

horseradish (countable and uncountable, plural horseradishes)

/ˈhɔɹsɹædɪʃ/

/ˈhɔːsɹædɪʃ/

(uncountable) A pungent condiment made from the root of the plant.


brioche

brioche (countable and uncountable, plural brioches)

French brioche dough is especially rich in butter and eggs. It's often retarded […] for 6–18 hours to stiffen it, then rolled out and briefly rested.

2004, Harold McGee, chapter 10, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:

She sat him at the table in the saloon, then unobtrusively she made him tea and brought him slices of brioche spread with lock keeper’s honey.

2017, Kate Dunn, The Dragonfly, Twickenham: Aurora Metro Books, →ISBN, page 304:

(countable and uncountable) A type of light sweet pastry or bun of French origin.


Prosecco

Prosecco (countable and uncountable, plural Proseccos)

From Italian Prosecco, short for (vino di) Prosecco, “(wine of) Prosecco”, near Trieste. The toponym Prosecco comes from Proto-Slavic *prosěkъ (“kind of axe; opening, cutting (in a forest)”) from the areas deforested for the cultivation of the vine.

der

‘Itʼs Prosecco, champagneʼs Italian cousin!’

2019, Candice Carty-Williams, Queenie, Trapeze, page 96:

A dry, slightly sparkling Italian white wine made from that grape.


tea

en-verb

tea (third-person singular simple present teas, present participle teaing, simple past and past participle teaed or tea'd or tead)

teas (present singular third-person)
teaing (participle present)
teaed (participle past)
teaed (past)
tea'd (participle past)
tea'd (past)
tead (participle past)
tead (past)

Amoy
Amoy dialect
Dutch East India Company
Macao
Álvaro Semedo

First appears c. 1655, in the writings of Álvaro Semedo. From Dutch thee, from Hokkien 茶 (tê) (Amoy dialect), from Old Chinese, ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-la (“leaf, tea”). Introduced to English and other Western European languages by the Dutch East India Company, who sourced their tea in Amoy; compare Malay teh along the same trade route. Doublet of chai and cha (and, distantly, the first element of lahpet), from same Proto-Sino-Tibetan root; see discussion of cognates.
Cognates
The word for “tea” in many languages is of Sinitic origin (due to China being the origin of the plant), and thus there are many cognates; see translations. These are from one of two proximate sources, reflected in the phonological shape: forms with a stop (e.g. /t/) are derived from Min Nan tê, while forms with an affricate (e.g. /tʃ/) are derived from other Sinitic languages, like Mandarin chá or Cantonese caa4 (all written as 茶). Different languages borrowed one or the other form (specific language and point in time varied), reflecting trade ties, generally Min Nan tê if by ocean trade from Fujian, Cantonese caa4 if by ocean trade from Guangdong, or northern Chinese chá if by overland trade or by ocean trade from India.
Thus Western and Northern European languages borrowed tê (with the exception of Portuguese, which uses chá; despite being by ocean trade, their source was in Macao, not Amoy), while chá borrowings are used over a very large geographical area of Eurasia and Africa: Southern and Eastern Europe, and on through Turkish, Arabic, North and East Africa, Persian, Central Asian, and Indic languages. In Europe the tê/chá line is Italian/Slovene, Hungarian/Romanian, German/Czech, Polish/Ukrainian, Baltics/Russian, Finnish/Karelian, Northern Sami/Inari Sami. tê was also borrowed in European trade stops in Southern India and coastal Africa, though chá borrowings are otherwise more prevalent in these regions, via Arabic or Indic, due to earlier trade. The situation in Southeast Asia is complex due to multiple influences, and some languages borrowed both forms, such as Malay teh and ca.
Sense 10 (“information, especially gossip”) is originally from T standing for truth, which evolved into tea.

The wind was high and the hills ditto, and both being against us we were late in reaching Hitchin (30 from Cambridge), so giving up the idea of reaching Oxford we toiled on through Luton, on to Dunstable (47), where we teaed moderately […]

1877, The Bicycling Times and Tourist's Gazette, page 38:

(intransitive) To take afternoon tea (a light meal).


tea

Semantic loan from Chinese 茶 (chá, “tea”).

sl

A moment, a historical unit of time from China, about the amount of time needed to quickly drink a traditional cup of tea. It is now found in Chinese-language historical fiction.


alliaceous

en-adj

alliaceous (comparative more alliaceous, superlative most alliaceous)

more alliaceous (comparative)
most alliaceous (superlative)


cocoa

A Dictionary of the English Language
Samuel Johnson
en:cocoa

en-noun

cocoa (countable and uncountable, plural cocoas)

From Spanish cacao, from Classical Nahuatl cacahuatl. The form cocoa came about by confusion with coco, popularized by Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language. Doublet of cacao.

Do you like cocoa?

Half past nine - high time for supper;
Cocoa, love? Of course, my dear.
Helen thinks it quite delicious,
John prefers it now to beer....
¶For they've stumbled on the secret
Of a love that never wanes,
Rapt beneath the tumbled bedclothes,
Cocoa coursing through their veins.

1979, Stanley J. Sharpless, A Food Lover's Companion, Harper & Row, Evan Jones (edit.)

(uncountable) A hot drink made with milk, cocoa powder, and sugar.

I like to watch TV with a cocoa.


course

→ Gulf Arabic: كورس (kōrs)

From Middle English cours, from Old French cours, from Latin cursus (“course of a race”), from currō (“run”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to run”). Doublet of cursus and cour.

polku

path that something or someone moves along

the course of true love never did run smooth

We offer seafood as the first course.

A sequence of events.
(cooking) A stage of a meal.

A sequence of events.
A stage of a meal.


juice

juice (usually uncountable, plural juices)

Tok Pisin: jus

→ Czech: džus

→ Danish: juice

→ Faroese: djús

→ Hungarian: dzsúsz

→ Icelandic: djús

→ Indonesian: jus

→ Japanese: ジュース (jūsu)

→ Korean: 주스 (juseu), 쥬스 (juseu)

→ Norwegian:

Norwegian Bokmål: juice, jus

Norwegian Nynorsk: juice, jus

→ Papiamentu: djus

→ Serbo-Croatian: džus

→ Slovak: džús

→ Swahili: juisi, jusi

→ Swedish: juice, jos

→ Zulu: újúsi

From Middle English jus, juis, from Old French jus, jous, from Latin jūs (“broth, soup, sauce”), from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs, from *yewH- (“to mix (of meal preparation)”). Doublet of jus and ukha. In this sense, mostly displaced native Middle English sew (“juice”), from Old English sēaw (“juice, sap”) (> English sew (“juice, broth, gravy”)). Sense of "soft drink" most likely an ellipsis of fizzy juice, another similarly common term in Scotland.

the blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice

the darker the berry, the sweeter the juice

(uncountable) Any liquid resembling juice.

Any liquid resembling juice.
A soft drink.


main

From Middle English mayn, main, maine, mæine, mæȝen, from Old English mæġen (“strength”), from Proto-Germanic *maginą (“strength, power, might”), *maginaz (“strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *megʰ- (“be able”).
The word is cognate with Old High German magen, megin, Old Norse magn, megn, megin, Old Saxon megin. More recent senses are derived from the adjective.

inh

My WoW main has reached level cap and I’m on my way getting my first alt there as well.

(not in generic modern use) That which is chief or principal; the chief or main portion; the bulk, the greater part, gross.

(video games) The primary character that one plays in a video game in which one can play more than one character.


Monte Carlo

Monte (“mountain”) + Carlo (“Charles/Carl”). Named after Charles III of Monaco.

The probability density of the Bayesian posterior was estimated by Metropolis-coupled Markov chain Monte Carlo, with multiple incrementally heated chains.

2004 July 27, F. Keith Barker et al., “Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation”, in PNAS, page 11040, column 2:

Monte Carlo method
Monte Carlo method#English

(statistics) Ellipsis of Monte Carlo method.


wort

en-noun

wort (countable and uncountable, plural worts)

From Middle English wort, worte (“infusion of grain (probably malted barley) for brewing ale or beer; unfermented or incompletely fermented beer; infusion of honey and water for making mead; unfermented decoction or infusion of other substances used for food or medicine”) [and other forms], from Old English wurt, wyrt, wyrte (“wort in brewing”), from a merger of Proto-West Germanic *wurtiju (“wort in brewing; seasoning, spice”) and *wurti (“root; spice”), both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *wrōts (“a root”): see further at etymology 1.
Cognates
* Dutch wort (“wort in brewing”)
* Middle Low German wert, werte (“infusion of malt in brewing; unfermented beer”)
* Old High German wirz (“infusion of malt in brewing; unfermented beer”) (Middle High German wirz, modern German Wirz (“juice; sweet liquid; unfermented beer”) (obsolete); see also German Würze (“aroma; seasoning, spice; spiciness”))
* Old Norse virtr (Danish urt (“wort in brewing”), Icelandic virt, virtur, Norwegian vørter, Swedish vört)

nb...

wirt, woort, worth, worthe, wortte, wourt, wrt, wurt, wurte

cog

Nay then tvvo treyes, an if you grovv ſo nice, / Methegline, VVort, and Malmſey; […]

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Loues Labour’s Lost”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii], page 138, column 2:

VVhen they make drink vvith them, they take 10 or 12 ripe Plantains and maſh them vvell in a Trough: then they put tvvo gallons of VVater among them; and this in tvvo hours time vvill ferment and froth like VVort: In four hours it is fit to drink; and then they bottle it and drink it as they have occaſion: […]

1697, William Dampier, chapter XI, in A New Voyage Round the World. […], London: […] James Knapton, […], →OCLC, page 314:

Making the wort with nothing but barley malt and hot water is the standard method in Germany, and in many U.S. microbreweries.

2004, Harold McGee, “Wine, Beer, and Distilled Spirits”, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, revised edition, New York, N.Y., London: Scribner, →ISBN, page 747:

They discovered what are called "wild" or "spontaneously fermented" beers, in which fermentation is induced not by pitching commercially produced yeast into an enclosed tank, but by letting the wild yeasts floating in the air interact with the wort to turn it into alcohol.

2017, Jon C. Stott, “The Birds and the Yeasts in Tillamook”, in Beer 101 North: Craft Breweries and Brewpubs of the Washington and Oregon Coasts, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, →ISBN, page 110:

(brewing, distilling) Also worts: a liquid extracted from mash (ground malt or some other grain soaked in hot water), which is then fermented to make beer, or fermented and distilled to make a malt liquor such as whisky.


pope

By analogy with bishop (“mulled and spiced wine”).

When made with Burgundy or Bordeaux, the mixture was called Bishop; when with old Rhenish, its name was Cardinal; and when with Tokay, it was dignified with the title of Pope.

1855, C. W. Johnson, Farmer's & Planter's Encycl. Rural Affairs, published 1157, section 1:

‘Pope’, i.e. mulled burgundy, is Antichristian, from no mere Protestant point of view.

1920, G. Saintsbury, Notes on Cellar-bk., xi. 162:

Pope, a spiced drink made from tokay..., ginger, honey and roasted orange.

1965, O. A. Mendelsohn, Dict. Drink, section 264:

Many of these hot drinks have clerical names—Bishop being a type of mulled port, Cardinal using claret, and Pope Champagne.

(alcoholic beverages) Any mulled wine (traditionally including tokay) considered similar and superior to bishop.


prawn

en-noun

prawn (countable and uncountable, plural prawn or prawns)

First attested early 1400s as various Middle English forms prayne, prane, praune, and prawne, which present no clear cognates in languages other than English. The forms suggest a hypothetical Old English form *prægn, where *æg would have evolved into Middle English *ay, but it is unclear if the word is of Germanic origin, from another European language, or loaned from a substrate. In the Isle of Wight, a word prankle ("prawn") is recorded and thought to be related. Century, following Skeat, suggested transposition of an unrecorded Old French *parne, *perne related to Spanish perna (“a flat shellfish”), Old Italian perna and diminutive pernochie, parnocchie, glossed as "shrimps or prawne, fishes" by John Florio, but the OED considers Florio's entry incorrect and the suggested connection semantically and phonologically implausible.
(woman with toned body but unattractive face): From the idea of discarding the head of a prawn before eating it.

sense

A crustacean of the suborder Dendrobranchiata.


shrimp

en-noun

shrimp (countable and uncountable, plural shrimp or shrimps)

From Middle English schrimpe (“shrimp, puny person”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *skrimpaz (“shrivelled”) (compare Middle High German schrimpf (“a scratch, minor wound”), Norwegian skramp (“thin horse, thin man”)), from Proto-Germanic *skrimpaną (“to shrivel”) (compare Old English sċrimman (“to shrink”) and scrimp, Middle High German schrimpfen (“to shrink, dry up”), Swedish skrympa (“to shrink”)), from Proto-Indo-European *skremb-, *skr̥mb- (compare Lithuanian skrembti (“to crust over, stiffen”), and possibly Albanian shkrumb (“embers, ashes; crumble”)).

ပုစွန်

general term for prawn, shrimp, crab, lobster, scampi

1851, "A Lady of Charleston" (Sarah Rutledge), The Carolina Housewife, 2013, unnumbered page,
Butter well a deep dish, upon which place a thick layer of pounded biscuit; having picked and boiled your shrimps, put them upon the biscuit; a layer of shrimps, with small pieces of butter, a little pepper, mace or nutmeg.

Shrimp farming is in its infancy in Africa. but Asia has most of the world's shrimp farms.

1998, Claude E. Boyd, Pond Aquaculture Water Quality Management, page 605:

Most shrimps belong to one of several families of the Infraorder Caridea (Chapter 4). However, coral shrimps and Venus shrimps are so different from the rest that a separate infraorder is warranted.

2004, Gary C. B. Poore, Shane T. Ahyong, Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia: A Guide to Identification, page 145:

America's favorite seafood, shrimp has always been a big seller at the Home Port. On any given day, we usually served around 40 to 50 pounds of shrimp.

2011, Will Holtham, Home Port Cookbook: Beloved Recipes from Martha's Vineyard, page 142:

How many shrimps do you have to eat / Before you make your skin turn pink? / Eat too much and you'll get sick / Shrimps are pretty rich

2014, Kero Kero Bonito (lyrics and music), “Flamingo” (overall work in English and Japanese):

Any of many swimming, often edible, crustaceans, chiefly of the infraorder Caridea or the suborder Dendrobranchiata, with slender legs, long whiskers and a long abdomen.

(uncountable) The flesh of such crustaceans.

(slang, uncommon) Synonym of butterface: a person with an attractive body but unattractive face.


shrimp

en-verb

shrimp (third-person singular simple present shrimps, present participle shrimping, simple past and past participle shrimped)

shrimps (present singular third-person)
shrimping (participle present)
shrimped (participle past)
shrimped (past)

Fishing, shrimping and crabbing are permitted on designated areas of the refuge subject to the following conditions:[…]

1986, The Code of Federal Regulations of the United States of America, page 454:

Although the line is not always sharply drawn, offshore shrimping and inshore shrimping require different strategies.

1996, Anthony V. Margavio, Caught in the Net: The Conflict Between Shrimpers and Conservationists, page 24:

There were times we shrimped in the same boat due to breakdowns and such, but for the most part we each had our own separate boat. We started out using outboard motor boats. However, shrimping with an outboard is pretty hard.

2007, Jerry Wayne Caines, A Caines Family Tradition: A Native Son's Story of Fishing, Hunting and Duck Decoys in the Lowcountry, page 86:


vegetarianism

en-noun

vegetarianism (usually uncountable, plural vegetarianisms)

/vɛd͡ʒɪˈtɛɹi.ənɪzəm/

/vɛd͡ʒɪˈtɛəɹi.ənɪzəm/

Attested since circa 1847, when the British Vegetarian Society was founded. From vegetarian + -ism.

Vegetarianism, he said, is an idea “that has three things going for it all at once—economics, health and compassion.”

1975 March 21, Judy Klemesrud, quoting Jean Mayer, “Vegetarianism: Growing Way of Life, Especially Among the Young”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

The practice of following a vegetarian diet.


slip

en-verb

slip (third-person singular simple present slips, present participle slipping, simple past and past participle slipped or (obsolete) slipt)

slips (present singular third-person)
slipping (participle present)
slipped (participle past)
slipped (past)
slipt (obsolete participle past)
slipt (obsolete past)

From Middle English slippen, probably from Middle Low German slippen, from Old Saxon *slippian, from Proto-West Germanic *slippjan, from Proto-Germanic *slipjaną (“to glide”), an iterative form of *slīpaną (“to slip, slide”), from Proto-Indo-European *sleyb- (“slimy; to slide”). Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *slewbʰ- (“slip, slide”), or related to Proto-Germanic *slībaną (“to split”); related to Old English slipor (“slippery”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian slipje (“to slip”), Dutch slippen (“to slip”), German Low German slippen, slupen (“to slip”), German schlüpfen (“to slip”).

der

(transitive, cooking) To remove the skin of a soft fruit, such as a tomato or peach, by blanching briefly in boiling water, then transferring to cold water so that the skin peels, or slips, off easily.


ink

→ Japanese: インク (inku)

→ Korean: 잉크 (ingkeu)

→ Telugu: ఇంకి (iṅki)

→ Welsh: inc

From Middle English ynke, from Old French enque, from Latin encaustum (“purple ink used by Roman emperors to sign documents”), from Ancient Greek ἔγκαυστον (énkauston, “burned-in”), from ἐν (en, “in”) + καίω (kaíō, “burn”). In this sense, displaced native Old English blæc (“ink”, literally “black”).

ncog

you don't dip your pen in the company's ink

to get ink

The TSA has been getting a lot of ink lately.

[Judith] Hope […] has been getting ink by the barrelful with her regular interviews quoting conversations with the first lady, on subjects ranging from Senate ambitions to summer and post-White House living arrangements.


raw

en-adj

raw (comparative rawer, superlative rawest)

rawer (comparative)
rawest (superlative)

From Middle English rawe, raw, rau, from Old English hrēaw (“raw, uncooked”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrau, from Proto-Germanic *hrawaz, *hrēwaz (“raw”), from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”).
Cognate with Scots raw (“raw”), Dutch rauw (“raw”), German roh (“raw”), Swedish rå (“raw”), Icelandic hrár (“raw”), Latin crūdus (“raw, bloody, uncooked”), Irish cró (“blood”), Lithuanian kraujas (“blood”), Russian кровь (krovʹ, “blood”). Related also to Old English hrēow, hrēoh (“rough, fierce, wild, angry, disturbed, troubled, sad, stormy, tempestuous”). More at ree.

der

There's nothing but raw fish in the freezer.

I was 100% raw from 2014 until early 2018.

Subsisting on, or pertaining to, a diet of raw food.


honeycomb

en-noun

honeycomb (countable and uncountable, plural honeycombs)

Alhambra
Oxford English Dictionary
United States Army

The noun is derived from Middle English hony comb, from Old English huniġcamb, from huniġ (“honey”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kn̥h₂ónks (“honey”)) + camb (“comb”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos (“peg; tooth; row of teeth”)). The English word is analysable as honey + comb. The Oxford English Dictionary posits that the arrangement of several plates of wax “hanging parallel to each other from the roof of the hive suggests a comb with its teeth”. The verb is derived from the noun.

kennosto

something resembling honeycomb in having numerous cells or small holes

hunaja

something resembling honeycomb in sweetness; something desirable or pleasant

(countable, by extension) Something resembling honeycomb (sense 1) in having numerous cells or small holes.

The texture of the surface of a solar cell, intended to increase its surface area and capture more sunlight.

(chiefly aviation) Material manufactured with small hollow cells, sometimes sandwiched between two flat sheets, which is used to make light, stiff structural components.

kennosto

material manufactured with small hollow cells

A rudimentall reſemblance hereof there is in the cruciated and rugged folds of the Reticulum, or Net-like Ventricle of ruminating horned animals, vvhich is the ſecond in order, and culinarily called the Honey-comb.

[1658, Thomas Browne, “The Garden of Cyrus. […]. Chapter III.”, in Hydriotaphia, Urne-buriall, […] Together with The Garden of Cyrus, […], London: […] Hen[ry] Brome […], →OCLC, page 149:

Of the four ſtomachs vvith vvhich ruminant animals are furniſhed, the firſt is called the paunch, vvhich receives the food after it has been ſlightly chevved; the ſecond is called the honeycomb, and is properly nothing more than a continuation of the former; […]

[1791, Oliver Goldsmith, “Of Ruminating Animals”, in An History of the Earth, and Animated Nature. […], new edition, volume III, London: […] F[rancis] Wingrave, successor to Mr. [John] Nourse, […], →OCLC, page 3:

honeycomb stomach
honeycomb stomach#English

(countable, zoology) Short for honeycomb stomach (“the reticulum or second compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminant”).

honeycomb stomach

(uncountable, architecture) Short for honeycomb work (“especially in Moorish architecture: a form of ceiling ornamentation (especially of an arch or dome) made up of small vaulted arches”).

honeycomb work

honeycomb toffee

(countable, figurative) Something resembling honeycomb in sweetness; hence, something desirable or pleasant.

(uncountable, chiefly Australia, British, often attributive) A crumbly confection usually made by boiling together golden syrup, sugar, bicarbonate of soda, and water.