russet

en-verb

russet (third-person singular simple present russets, present participle russeting or russetting, simple past and past participle russeted or russetted)

russets (present singular third-person)
russeting (participle present)
russetting (participle present)
russeted (participle past)
russeted (past)
russetted (participle past)
russetted (past)

Pear psylla causes damage when nymphs, feeding at high densities on leaves, produce enough honeydew to drip onto the fruit. A black, sooty mold fungus then grows into the honeydew, distorting and russeting the fruit surface, which substantially lowers its commercial value, […]

1995, T. R. Unruh, P. H. Westigard, K. S. Hagen, “Pear Psylla”, in J. R. Nechols et al., editors, Biological Control in the Western United States: Accomplishments and Benefits of Regional Research Project W-84, 1964–1989 (University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication; 3361), Oakland, Calif.: Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, →ISBN, page 95:

Cultivars differ greatly in their propensity to russet: the characteristic is heritable but more than one factor seems to be involved[…].

2003, John E. Jackson, “Flowers and Fruits”, in The Biology of Apples and Pears (Biology of Horticultural Crops), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 323:

I surprised my own amazement in the looking glass / where the resinous radiance of a chandelier / russeted the chaise longue and the chiffonier. / Autumn lay over everything I loved.

2007, Eric [Linn] Ormsby, “Time’s Covenant”, in Time’s Covenant: Selected Poems, Emeryville, Ont.: Biblioasis, →ISBN, prologue, stanza 3, page 256:

(ambitransitive, of apples, pears, etc.) To develop reddish-brown spots; to cause russeting.


sienna

en-noun

sienna (countable and uncountable, plural siennas)

From Italian terra di Siena (“earth of Siena”), Siena being the most notable Renaissance location of the clay.

uder

(countable) A form of clay containing iron and manganese.


teal

en-adj

teal (comparative more teal, superlative most teal)

more teal (comparative)
most teal (superlative)
teale (alternative)

From Middle English tele, probably from an unrecorded Old English *tǣle, cognate with West Frisian tjilling (“teal”), Middle Dutch teling (“teal”) (modern Dutch taling), Middle Low German telink, from Proto-Germanic *tailijaz, of unknown ultimate origin, with no cognates outside of Germanic. As the name of a shade of dark greenish-blue like the color patterns on the fowl's head and wings, it is attested from 1923. The Australian political sense derives from the colour teal being intermediate between green (signifying environmentalism) and blue (signifying the conservative Australian Liberal Party).

unk

unknown


slate

en-noun

slate (countable and uncountable, plural slates)

From Middle English slate, slat, slatte, sclate, sclatte, from Old French esclate, from esclat (French éclat), from Old French esclater (“to break, shatter”), from Frankish *slaitijan (“to split, break”), from Proto-Germanic *slaitijaną, causative of *slītaną (“to cut up, split”). Doublet of éclat.

der

slate:

(uncountable) The bluish-grey colour of most slate.

leigrijs

bluish-grey colour — see also slate blue, slate gray, blue-gray


ultramarine

en-adj

ultramarine (comparative more ultramarine, superlative most ultramarine)

more ultramarine (comparative)
most ultramarine (superlative)

/ˌʌltɹəməˈɹiːn/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-ultramarine.wav

/ˌəltɹəməˈɹin/

Borrowed from Medieval Latin ultrāmarīnus, from Latin ultrā (“beyond”) + marīnus (“of or relating to the sea, marine”). By surface analysis, ultra + marine.
Noun sense 1 (“pigment”) refers to the fact that lapis lazuli was obtained from foreign countries and hence “beyond the sea”.

ultramarine:

Of a brilliant dark blue or slightly purplish color like that of the pigment (noun sense 1).

ясносин

of a brilliant dark blue or slightly purplish colour


ultramarine

en-noun

ultramarine (countable and uncountable, plural ultramarines)

/ˌʌltɹəməˈɹiːn/

/ˌəltɹəməˈɹin/

The atmosphere beneath is languorous, and is so tinged with azure that what artists call the middle distance partakes also of that hue, while the horizon beyond is of the deepest ultramarine.

1891, Thomas Hardy, chapter II, in Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented […], volume I, London: James R[ipley] Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., […], →OCLC, phase the first (The Maiden), page 14:

A brilliant dark blue or slightly purplish colour like that of the pigment.


vermilion

vermilion (countable and uncountable, plural vermilions)

vermilions (plural)
vermillion (alternative)
vermillion § Usage notes (alternative)

From Middle English vermelioun, vermyloun, vermylon, vermilun, from Old French vermeillon (“vermilion”), from vermeil, from Latin vermiculus (“little worm”), from vermis (“worm”), ultimately in reference to Kermes vermilio, a type of scale insect used to make a crimson dye.

Take ſix Ounces of Brimſtone, and melt it in an Iron Ladle, then put two Pound of Quick-ſilver into a ſhammy Leather, or double Linnen Cloth, and ſqueeze it out into the melted Brimſtone, ſtirring them, in the mean Time, with a wooden Spatula till they are well united; and when they are cold, beat the Maſs into a Powder, and ſublime it in a Glaſs-veſſel, with a ſtrong Fire, and it will riſe into that Red Subſtance, which is called artificial Cinnabar or Vermilion.

1734, “VERMILION”, in The Builder's Dictionary: Or, Architect's Companion, volume II, London: Printed for A. Bettesworth and C. Hitch, […] and S. Austen, […] :

Fanny was very pretty; her eyes were dark and brilliant, her teeth were like little pearls; her mouth was almost as red as Mademoiselle Caracoline’s when the latter had put on her vermilion.

1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 47, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:

A vivid red synthetic pigment made of mercury sulfide, cinnabar.

A type of red dye worn in the parting of the hair by married Hindu women.

(obsolete) The kermes or cochineal insect.

(obsolete) The cochineal dye made from this insect.


vermilion

en-adj

vermilion (comparative more vermilion, superlative most vermilion)

more vermilion (comparative)
most vermilion (superlative)
vermillion (alternative)
vermillion § Usage notes (alternative)


primrose

/ˈpɹɪm.ɹəʊz/

From Middle English primerose, from Old French primerose, from Medieval Latin prima (“first”) + rosa (“rose”). The reason it was called this might be that some primroses are among the first flowers to bloom in the spring.

A mile or so further on is the intermediate station of Ryhall, smothered with primroses in the season, and at all times a veritable flower garden.

1946 September and October, D. J. Rowett, “Stamford L.N.E.R.”, in Railway Magazine, page 283:

Here is spring were celandine, marsh marigold, wind-flower, primrose, cowslip and dog's violet.

1977, K.M. Elizabeth Murray, Caught in the Web of Words, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 13:

Specifically, the species Primula acaulis (syn. Primula vulgaris), also called common primrose.

A plant of the genus Oenothera, better known as an evening primrose.

primrose:


primrose

primrose (comparative more primrose, superlative most primrose)

more primrose (comparative)
most primrose (superlative)

/ˈpɹɪm.ɹəʊz/

Passenger saloons are tastefully furnished with wood veneer and partitions, mottled grey Vyanide walls, pale primrose ceilings and grey floor.

1961 February, “New "Mini-Buffets" from Wolverton”, in Trains Illustrated, page 79:


taupe

en-noun

taupe (countable and uncountable, plural taupes)

Borrowed from French taupe, from Latin talpa (“mole”). Doublet of talpa.

taupe:

A dark brownish-grey colour, the colour of moleskin.

тъмносив

като къртица


amber

amber (countable and uncountable, plural ambers)

red

antonym(s) of “intermediate light in a set of three traffic lights”

From Middle English ambre, aumbre, from Old French aumbre, ambre, from Arabic عَنْبَر (ʕanbar, “ambergris”), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭭𐭡𐭫 (ʾnbl /ambar/, “ambergris”). Compare English lamber, ambergris. Displaced Middle English smulting (from Old English smelting (“amber”)), Old English eolhsand (“amber”), Old English glær (“amber”), and Old English sāp (“amber, resin, pomade”).
* The nucleotide sequence "UAG" is named "amber" for the first person to isolate the amber mutation, California Institute of Technology graduate student Harris Bernstein, whose last name ("Bernstein") is the German word for the resin "amber".

ambergris

obsolete: the waxy product of the sperm whale

amber:

And I looked, and, behold, a whirlwind came out of the north, a great cloud, and a fire infolding itself, and a brightness was about it, and out of the midst thereof as the colour of amber, out of the midst of the fire.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ezekiel 1:4:


tangerine

/ˈtæn.d͡ʒəˌɹiːn/

From French Tanger + -ine, after Tangier, Morocco.

A slightly ovoid, orange-coloured citrus fruit with a rough peel and a sour-sweet taste which is larger than a clementine and sometimes classed as a variety of mandarin orange.


mustard

en-noun

mustard (usually uncountable, plural mustards)

From Middle English mustard, from Old French moustarde (French moutarde), from moust (“must”), from Latin mustum. Compare Saterland Frisian Muster (“mustard”), Dutch mosterd (“mustard”), German Low German Musterd (“mustard”), Icelandic mustarður (“mustard”). Displaced Middle English senep, from Old English senep, from Latin sināpi (“mustard”). Doublet of mostarda.

He's left-handed and in his adulthood didn't have a baseball glove to call his own. He borrowed one of mine and just out of the car, still wearing his lab coat having worked an overnight shift, he taught himself to throw right-handed and put plenty of mustard on it.

2022 October 20, Scott Russell, “Sport was the great connection for Scott Russell and his father”, in CBC News, archived from the original on 2022-10-22:

(baseball, colloquial) Energy, power (when throwing a baseball).


strawberry

strawberry (countable and uncountable, plural strawberries)

→ Bengali: স্ট্রবেরি (sṭroberi)

→ Chichewa: sitiroberi

→ Gujarati: સ્ટ્રોબેરી (sṭroberī)

desc

→ Hindi: स्ट्रॉबेरी (sṭrŏberī)

→ Hindi: स्ट्रॉबेरी (sṭrŏberī)

→ Indonesian: stroberi

→ Kannada: ಸ್ಟ್ರಾಬೆರಿ (sṭrāberi)

→ Kashubian: stroberi (Canada, United States)

ໝາກສະຕໍເບີຣີ

→ Lao: ໝາກສະຕໍເບີຣີ (māk sa tǭ bœ̄ rī)

→ Lao: ໝາກສະຕໍເບີຣີ (māk sa tǭ bœ̄ rī)

→ Malay: strawberi

สตรอว์เบอร์รี

→ Thai: สตรอว์เบอร์รี (sà-dtrɔɔ-bəə-rîi)

/ˈstɹɔˌbɛɹi/

/ˈstɹɑˌbɛɹi/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ster-
Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃-
Proto-Indo-European *strew-der.
Proto-Germanic *strawą
Proto-West Germanic *strau
Old English strēaw
Proto-Germanic *bazją
Proto-West Germanic *baʀi
Old English berġe
Old English strēawberġe
Middle English strawbery
English strawberry
From Middle English strawbery, strauberi, from Old English strēawberġe, corresponding to straw + berry.

barren strawberry

Potentilla sterilis or Waldsteinia fragarioides

They went to pick strawberries today.

The sweet, usually red, edible fruit of certain plants of the genus Fragaria.

She has the best strawberry patch I've ever seen.

He told his father, and said it would be just suitable work for him to run about fields and woods amongst the strawberry hills after a flock of hares, and now and then lie down and take a nap on some sunny hill.

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 170:

Any plant of the genus Fragaria (that bears such fruit).

strawberry:

A dark pinkish red color, like that of the fruit; strawberry red.


strawberry

en-adj

strawberry (comparative strawberrier, superlative strawberriest)

strawberrier (comparative)
strawberriest (superlative)

/ˈstɹɔˌbɛɹi/

/ˈstɹɑˌbɛɹi/

ethyl methylphenylglycidate
ethyl methylphenylglycidate

Flavored with ethyl methylphenylglycidate, an artificial compound which is said to resemble the taste of strawberries.


scarlet

en-noun

scarlet (countable and uncountable, plural scarlets)

From Middle English scarlet, scarlat, borrowed from Old French escarlate (“a type of cloth”), from Medieval Latin scarlatum (“scarlet cloth”), of uncertain origin. This was long thought to derive from Classical Persian سقرلات (saqirlāt, “a warm woollen cloth”), but the Persian word (first attested in the 1290s) is now thought to be from Arabic سِقِلَّات (siqillāt), denoting very expensive, luxury silks dyed scarlet-red using the exceptionally expensive dye, first attested around the ninth century. The most obvious route for the Arabic word siqillāt to have entered the Romance languages would be via the Arabic-speaking Iberian region of al-Andalus, particularly Almería, where kermes was produced extensively; compare especially the dialectal form سِقِرْلَاط (siqirlāṭ). The word then came to be used of woollen cloth dyed with the same dye. The Arabic word may itself be derived from Byzantine Greek σιγιλλᾶτον (sigillâton), from Latin sigillātum (“a type of fabric”, literally “sealed; sealing”) .

der

scarlet:

A brilliant red colour tinged with orange.


scarlet

en-adj

scarlet (comparative more scarlet, superlative most scarlet)

more scarlet (comparative)
most scarlet (superlative)

He signed off our correspondence, “Well thank God for facemasks, cos I’m scarlet”.

26 October 2021, Aisling Marron, I brought the baby to her first vaccinations. Her look said: why have you betrayed me?, The Irish Times

(Ireland) Blushing; embarrassed or mortified.


sepia

en-noun

sepia (countable and uncountable, plural sepias)

Borrowed from Latin sēpia (“cuttlefish”), from Ancient Greek σηπία (sēpía). Cognate with Italian seppia, Portuguese siba, and Spanish sepia.

bor+

(by extension, countable) A sepia-coloured drawing or photograph.


lemon

en-verb

lemon (third-person singular simple present lemons, present participle lemoning, simple past and past participle lemoned)

lemons (present singular third-person)
lemoning (participle present)
lemoned (participle past)
lemoned (past)

Cream Lemon
Lemon
Lemon (color)
Lemon (geometry)

Inherited from Middle English lymon, from Old French lymon (“citrus”), from Arabic لَيْمُون (laymūn) or Persian لیمون (limon), from Persian لیمو (limu), from Sanskrit निम्बू (nimbū, “lime”), ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *limaw or Munda. Likely doublet of lime.
The fandom sense is named after the erotic anime series Cream Lemon.

You can start the vegetables cooking while you are lemoning the fish.


grape

grape (third-person singular simple present grapes, present participle graping, simple past and past participle graped)

grapes (present singular third-person)
graping (participle present)
graped (participle past)
graped (past)

From Middle English grape, from Old French grape, grappe, crape (“cluster of fruit or flowers, bunch of grapes”), from graper, craper (“to pick grapes”, literally “to hook”), of Germanic origin, from Frankish *krappō (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *greb- (“hook”), *gremb- (“crooked, uneven”), from *ger- (“to turn, bend, twist”). Cognate with Middle Dutch krappe (“hook”), Old High German krapfo (“hook”) (whence German Krapfen (“Berliner doughnut”). Doublet of grappa. More at cramp.

der

Lang, lang I sought and graped for my pack, Till night and hunger forced me to come back.

1780, Alexander Wilson, A Pedlar's Story:

Aw graped my way out i' the dark, An' down the stairs aw scrafflel'd

1836, William Stephenson Jr, Punch and Toby:

I dinna ken,” said Steenie ; “ the book had fa'en out 0' his pocket, I fancy, for I fand it amang my feet when I was graping about to set him on his legs again, and I just pat it in my pouch to keep it safe ;

1836, Walter Scott, The antiquary, page 56:

'Till in a declamation mist, His argument he tint it; He gapéd for't, he graped for't, He fand it was awa, man;

1881, Robert Burns, The Two Lawyers, page 280:


cinnamon

en-noun

cinnamon (countable and uncountable, plural cinnamons)

→ Japanese: シナモン (shinamon)

→ Korean: 시나몬 (sinamon)

→ Maori: hinamona

→ Welsh: synamon

From Middle English synamome, from Old French cinnamone, from Latin cinnamon, cinnamomum, from Ancient Greek κιννάμωμον (kinnámōmon), later κίνναμον (kínnamon), according to Herodotus from Phoenician [Term?], cognate with Hebrew קִנָּמוֹן (qinnāmōn).

tó wónaanídę́ę́ʼ tsin bikáshtʼóózh bitáʼahí bił éʼélʼíní

Cinnamomum verum
Cinnamomum verum#Translingual

Cinnamomum zeylanicum
Cinnamomum zeylanicum

(countable) A small evergreen tree native to Sri Lanka and southern India, Cinnamomum verum or Cinnamomum zeylanicum, belonging to the family Lauraceae.

Cinnamomum cassia
Cinnamomum cassia#Translingual

Several related trees, notably the Indonesian cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni) and Chinese cinnamon or cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum or Cinnamomum cassia).

canyeller

any of related trees in the genus Cinnamomum

(chiefly uncountable) A spice from the dried aromatic bark of the cinnamon tree, either rolled into strips or ground into a powder. The word is commonly used as trade name for spices made of any of the species above.

true cinnamon, the product made of Cinnamomum verum


cinnamon

Containing cinnamon, or having a cinnamon taste.


emerald

emerald (countable and uncountable, plural emeralds)

→ Welsh: emrald, emrallt

From Middle English emeraude, borrowed from Old French esmeraude, from Vulgar Latin *smaralda, *smaraldus, *smaraudus, variant of Latin smaragdus, from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos), μάραγδος (máragdos), from a Semitic language. Compare Hebrew בָּרֶקֶת (bāréqeṯ, “emerald, flashing gem”), Akkadian 𒁀𒊏𒄣 (baraqu, literally “scintillation”), Arabic بَرْق (barq, literally “flashing”), Egyptian bwyrqꜣ (literally “to sparkle”):D58-Z7-Z4:D21-N29-Z1-G1-D6 and loanwords with Semitic etymon such as Sanskrit मरकत (marakata) and Persian زمرد (zomorrod) (whence Turkish zümrüt and Russian изумру́д (izumrúd)).

cog

16. As the first. Crest, on a Mount Emerald, a Falcon rising Topaz.

1726, John Guillim, The Banner Display'd, page 504:

Crest. On a Wreath, a demi Dragon, Emerald, armed and langued, Roby [...] Supporters. Two Dragons reguardant, Emerald, [...]

1754, John Lodge, The Peerage of Ireland; Or, a Genealogical History of the ..., page 212:

Some of the lagoons, said to have subterranean outlets, have no visible ones; the inclosing island, in such cases, being a complete zone of emerald.

1847 March 30, Herman Melville, Omoo: A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas; […], London: John Murray, […], →OCLC:

(heraldry) Vert, when blazoning by precious stones.


avocado

en-noun

avocado (countable and uncountable, plural avocados or avocadoes)

→ Icelandic: avókadó

→ Irish: abhacád

→ Venda: ḽiafukhada

→ Welsh: afocado

/ævəˈkɑːdəʊ/

Borrowed from Latin American Spanish avocado, from the earlier aguacate, which comes from Classical Nahuatl āhuacatl (“avocado”). Doublet of abacate. Compare aguacatillo, avocadillo.
The first mention can be found in the 1696 catalogue of Jamaican plants.

avocado:

It was exactly the same as my bathroom. Same cork floor, same avocado bathroom set.

2016, Zadie Smith, Swing Time, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 57:

(chiefly uncountable) A dark chartreuse color, like the color of the skin of an avocado.


auburn

en-adj

auburn (comparative more auburn, superlative most auburn)

more auburn (comparative)
most auburn (superlative)

Early Modern English auburn (“brown, reddish brown”) from Middle English aubourne, abron, abroune, abrune (“light brown, yellowish brown, blond”), alteration (due to conflation with Middle English brun (“brown”)) of earlier auborne (“yellowish-white, flaxen”) from Old French auborne, alborne (“blond, flaxen, off-white”) from Medieval Latin alburnus (“whitish”), from Latin albus (“white”). More at albino, brown.

All were watching somebody in the garden with deep interest, their three faces close together: a jovial and round one, a pale one with dark hair, and a fair one whose tresses were auburn. “Don’t push! You can see as well as I,” said Retty, the auburn-haired and youngest girl, without removing her eyes from the window.

1891, Thomas Hardy, chapter XXI, in Tess of the d’Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: James R[ipley] Osgood, McIlvaine and Co., […], →OCLC:

[…]; nor was Miss Wilkinson the ideal: he had often pictured to himself the great violet eyes and the alabaster skin of some lovely girl, and he had thought of himself burying his face in the rippling masses of her auburn hair.

1915, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, chapter XXXIII, in Of Human Bondage, New York, N.Y.: George H[enry] Doran Company, →OCLC:

I never thought I'd meet a girl like you / Meet a girl like you / With auburn hair and tawny eyes

1982, “I Ran (So Far Away)”, performed by A Flock of Seagulls:


hazel

en-noun

hazel (usually uncountable, plural hazels)

From Middle English hasel, from Old English hæsl (“hazel, shrub”), from Proto-West Germanic *hasl, from Proto-Germanic *haslaz (“hazel”), from Proto-Indo-European *kóslos (“hazel”). Cognate with Dutch hazelaar (“hazel”), German Hasel (“hazel”), Swedish hassel (“hazel”), Latin corulus, corylus (“hazel-tree, hazelwood”), Irish coll (“hazel”).

The green turf was velvet underfoot. The blackbirds fluted in the hazels there.

1895, S. R. Crockett, A Cry Across the Black Water:

Have a tree or two the witches particularly like, such as the alder, larch, cypress and hemlock; then, to counteract any possible evil effects, there must be a holly, yew, hazel, elder, mountain ash or juniper.

1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 273:

(countable) A tree or shrub of the genus Corylus, bearing edible nuts called hazelnuts or filberts.

hazel:

(countable and uncountable) A greenish-brown colour, the colour of a ripe hazelnut.

Rossiter W[orthington] Raymond
w:Rossiter W. Raymond


hazel

en-adj

hazel (comparative more hazel or (rare) hazeler, superlative most hazel or (rare) hazelest)

more hazel (comparative)
hazeler (comparative rare)
most hazel (superlative)
hazelest (rare superlative)
hazle (alternative)

As she grew up and her hazel eyes became hazeler and her dark hair darker and her white skin whiter, and her form a sigh on every boy’s lips, she concentrated on one dream.

1956 January 7, James L. Collings, “Syndicates: Oh Marie! Whatta Gal and Whatta Reporter”, in Robert U[tting] Brown, editor, Editor & Publisher, volume 89, number 1, New York, N.Y.: Editor & Publisher Co., Inc., →ISSN, page 40, column 1:

The shrewd eyes, more hazel than her son’s but with the same straight brows, were fixed on Clary’s face.

1986, Robyn Donald, chapter 4, in A Willing Surrender, London: Mills & Boon Limited, →ISBN, page 81:

SAGE: Don’t my eyes look hazeler? (or: periwinkler) / CHLO: (as GARTH) Yes. / SAGE: You said you loved my hazel eyes. (or: periwinkle) Don’t you love them more hazely? (or: periwinkly)

1996, Adryan Russ, Doug Haverty, “Act Two”, in Inside Out, New York, N.Y.: Samuel French, Inc., →ISBN, page 58:

The drummer’s eyes took the small woman in slowly, starting with her face, down to her feet and then back up into the hazelest eyes she’d ever seen.

2005, Sharon Smith, chapter 2, in Into the Dark, Nederland, Tex.: Yellow Rose Books, →ISBN, page 12:

What’s that line on “Hazel Eyes”: “I’ve never seen a set of eyes more hazeler”? [Justin Hawkins:] “I’ve never seen a set of eyes more hazelerer.”

2005 December, Doug Brod, “Burning Sensation”, in Sia Michel, editor, Spin, volume 21, number 12, New York, N.Y., →ISSN, page 73, column 2:

Doolittle had the hazelest eyeballs, the winsomest spinal pelt.

2011, Margaret Fiske, “Sense & Circuitry: Cyberth 1813”, in Peter Archer, Jennifer Lawler, editors, Bad Austen: The Worst Stories Jane Never Wrote, Avon, Mass.: Adams Media, F+W Media, Inc., →ISBN, part 2 (If Jane Could See Us Now), page 96:

His eyes were somewhere indefinite between green and hazel. Sometimes appearing hazeler or greener depending on how the light flickered on them.

2012 March 8, Francine J. Colangelo, chapter 10, in Marah Hein: The Legend of a Viking Woman, Bloomington, Ind.: Balboa Press, Hay House, →ISBN, page 84:

And now I should probably say something, but that would involve words, and WHAT EVEN ARE WORDS, and he’s looking at me with the hazelest eyes and the softest, most upturned mouth.

2017 April 11, Becky Albertalli, chapter 16, in The Upside of Unrequited, New York, N.Y.: Balzer + Bray, HarperCollins Publishers, →ISBN, page 178:

Of a greenish-brown colour. (often used to refer to eye colour)


ruby

en-noun

ruby (countable and uncountable, plural rubies)

From Middle English ruby, rube, from Old French rubi, from Medieval Latin rubīnus. Doublet of rubine.

Elgin. Topaz a Saltier and Chief Ruby, on a Canton Pearl a Lyon Rampant Saphyr, which last is their paternal Coat; and the Field Topaz, and Saltier, and Chief Ruby, was the Arms of King Robert the Bruce, they altering the Field from Pearl (as he bore it) to Topaz.

1720, Francis Nichols, Rudiments of Honour, page 296:

The Field is Ruby, on a Bend Topaz, three Martlets Diamond. [...] Checkie Topaz and Saphire, a Fesse within a Bordure Ruby, by the Name of Clifford.

1726, John Guillim, The Banner Display'd; Or, an Abridgment of Guillim, page 504:

(1) Pearl, a Cross, Ruby, with the Effigies of our Saviour thereon, Topaz, born in Memory of one of the Family's fighting against the Turks. (2) Topaz, a Chief Indented, Saphire. (3) Ruby, three covered Cups, Topaz [...]

1754, John Lodge, The Peerage of Ireland; Or, a Genealogical History of the ..., page 71:

A ruby hummer, a South American hummingbird, Clytolaema rubricauda.

A red bird-of-paradise, Paradisaea rubra.


ruby

en-verb

ruby (third-person singular simple present rubies, present participle rubying, simple past and past participle rubied)

rubies (present singular third-person)
rubying (participle present)
rubied (participle past)
rubied (past)

With sanguine drops the walls are rubied

1725–1726, Homer, “Book 20”, in [William Broome, Elijah Fenton, Alexander Pope], transl., The Odyssey of Homer. […], London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC:

(transitive, poetic) To make red; to redden.


ruby

→ Japanese: ルビ (rubi)

From the British 5½-point type size ruby (etymology 1), used for annotations in printed documents.

(typography) A pronunciation guide written above or beside Chinese characters.


sapphire

en-noun

sapphire (countable and uncountable, plural sapphires)

→ Tokelauan: hafaila

→ Welsh: saffir

From Middle English saphir, from Old French saphir, from Latin sapphir, sappir, sapphīrus, from Ancient Greek σάπφειρος (sáppheiros, “precious stone, gem”), from a Semitic language such as Hebrew סַפִּיר (sappī́r, “lapis lazuli”), originally from Assyrian Akkadian šipirtu (“lapis lazuli”).

cog

Elgin. Topaz a Saltier and Chief Ruby, on a Canton Pearl a Lyon Rampant Saphyr, which last is their paternal Coat; […]

3. Saphire, ten Bezants, 4, 3, 2, 1, by the Bisset.

(2) Topaz, a Chief Indented, Saphire.

Topaz, on a Cross, Sapphire, a Crosier thrust through a Mitre, Topaz.

1756, Francis Nichols, The Irish Compendium, Or, Rudiments of Honour, Containing the Descent, Marriage, Isssue, Titles, Posts, and Seats, of All the Nobility of Ireland..., page 440:

(heraldry) Azure, when blazoning by precious stones.

(countable) Any hummingbird in the genera Hylocharis and Chlorestes, as well as the rufous-throated sapphire, which is now in the genus Amazilia.


chestnut

en-noun

chestnut (countable and uncountable, plural chestnuts)

→ Gujarati: ચેસ્ટનટ (cesṭanaṭ)

Formerly chesten nut, from Middle English chesten, Middle English chesteyne, chasteine, from Old English ċisten and reinforced by Old French chastaigne, both from Latin castānea, from Ancient Greek καστάνεια (kastáneia). Latin castānea also is the ultimate source of English castanet.

pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire

chestnut:

(uncountable) A dark, reddish-brown colour, as seen on the fruit of the chestnut tree.


charcoal

charcoal (usually uncountable, plural charcoals)

/ˈtʃɑː.kəʊl/

From Middle English charcole, from charren (“to change, turn”) + cole (“coal”), from Old English cierran (“to change, turn”) + col (“coal”); equivalent to char (Etymology 3 (verb)) + coal.

The grate was laid with charcoal, to that she put a light, and then, as if she had forgotten something, hurried to the library, and carefully locked the door. First returning to see that the fire had kindled, she then went to the window, which, with the first gleam of moonlight, she cautiously unclosed, and stepped into the shrubbery.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 325–326:

But through the oligopoly, charcoal fuel proliferated throughout London's trades and industries. By the 1200s, brewers and bakers, tilemakers, glassblowers, pottery producers, and a range of other craftsmen all became hour-to-hour consumers of charcoal.

2006, Edwin Black, chapter 2, in Internal Combustion:

destructive distillation
destructive distillation

(countable, uncountable) impure carbon obtained by destructive distillation of wood or other organic matter, that is, heating it in the absence of oxygen.

He takes the prepared charcoal used by artists, brings it to a white heat, and suddenly plunges it in a bath of mercury, of which the globules instantly penetrate the pores of charcoal, and may be said to metallize it.

1879, Th Du Moncel, The Telephone, the Microphone and the Phonograph, page 166:

(countable) A stick of black carbon material used for drawing.

(countable) A drawing made with charcoal.


charcoal

en-adj

charcoal (comparative more charcoal, superlative most charcoal)

more charcoal (comparative)
most charcoal (superlative)

/ˈtʃɑː.kəʊl/


carmine

en-noun

carmine (countable and uncountable, plural carmines)

PIE word
 *kʷŕ̥mis
From French carmin, from irregular Medieval Latin carminium, itself from Arabic قِرْمِز (qirmiz, “crimson, kermes”) from Persian *کرمست (*kermest), ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kŕ̥miš (“worm”), plus or with influence from Latin minium. Compare crimson and kermes.

der

1967, Time, "The Case of the Dubious Dye," 6 January, 1967, https://web.archive.org/web/20130721101257/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,843172,00.html
Cases of cubana salmonellosis in three other states were traced to carmine red, and supplies were called in. […] But authorities have been checking other places for carmine red, knowing that it is a favorite coloring in candy, chewing gum, ice cream, cough syrups and drugs. Manufacturers like to use it because of a legal quirk: being a natural rather than a synthetic product, it does not have to be mentioned on labels.

A purplish-red pigment, made from dye obtained from the cochineal beetle; carminic acid or any of its derivatives.


carnation

en-noun

carnation (countable and uncountable, plural carnations)

From Middle French carnation (“person's color or complexion”).

Dianthus caryophyllus

plant, flower; ancestor of the carnation

Dianthus caryophyllus
Dianthus caryophyllus#Translingual

(botany) A type of Eurasian plant widely cultivated for its flowers.

other members of genus Dianthus and hybrids

The type of flower they bear, originally flesh-coloured, but since hybridizing found in a variety of colours.

carnation:

(archaic) The pinkish colors used in art to render human face and flesh


amethyst

From Middle English ametist, from Old French ametiste (French améthyste), from Ancient Greek ἀμέθυστος (améthustos, “not drunk”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + μεθύω (methúō, “I am drunk”), from μέθυ (méthu, “wine”).

The Field is Topaz, a Lion rampant Amethyst [...]

1726, John Guillim, The Banner Display'd, page 407:

Purple, on the arms of princes Mercury, of peers amethyst, and of commoners purpure, [is represented] by diagonal lines from the sinister chief to the dexter base.

1834, The Art of Heraldry; Explaining the Origin and Use of Arms and Armorial Bearings, Etc, page 14:

1st & 4th grand Quarter alike viz. Field Pearl, on a bend Sapphire 3 Buckheads, coup'd topaz for Stanley. The 2d Quarter, Field Sapphire with an inverted Chief, amethyst. The 3d, A Checque topaz & Amethyst, this seems prior to Bosworth field, to have belong'd to Sr Robt Goushill whose Dr a Stanley married …

1906 (printed), The Beetham Repository, 1770 (eds. William Hutton, John Rawlinson Ford), page 115

(heraldry) The tincture purpure, when blazoning by precious stones.


buff

en-noun

buff (countable and uncountable, plural buffs)

From buffe (“leather”), from Middle French buffle (“buffalo”).

He’s a real history buff. He knows everything there is to know about the civil war.

(informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject.

liefhebber

a person who is very interested in a particular subject


vert

vert (countable and uncountable, plural verts)

From Middle English vert, borrowed from Old French vert, from Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Classical Latin viridis. Doublet of virid, which was borrowed directly from Latin.

vert:

(heraldry) A green colour, now only in heraldry; represented in engraving by diagonal parallel lines 45 degrees counter-clockwise.


vert

en-adj

vert (comparative more vert, superlative most vert)

more vert (comparative)
most vert (superlative)

(heraldry) In blazon, of the colour green.


canary

en-noun

canary (countable and uncountable, plural canaries)

From French canarie, from Spanish canario, from the Latin Canariae insulae (“Canary Islands”) (Spanish Islas Canarias); from the largest island Insula Canaria (“Dog Island" or "Canine Island”), named for its dogs, from canārius (“canine”), from canis (“dog”).

der

Ile to my honeſt knight ſir Iohn Falſtaffe, / And drinke Canary with him.

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, […] [T]he Merrie Wiues of Windsor. […] (First Quarto), London: […] T[homas] C[reede] for Arthur Ihonson, […], published 1602, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

And though the annals of the period do not show us that there was less ale drawn, or less canary called for; men got dry with the heat of polemical discussion, and drunk with a text, not the fag end of a ballad, in their mouths; and people made a sort of morality of straight hair, long faces, and sad-coloured garments.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XVII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume II, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 190:

Or maybe you'd accept iv a couple o' bottles of claret or canaries?

1863, J[oseph] Sheridan Le Fanu, “In Which a Liberty Is Taken with Mr. Nutter’s Name, and Mr. Dangerfield Stands at the Altar”, in The House by the Church-yard. […], volume II, London: Tinsley, Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 234:

(countable, uncountable) A light, sweet, white wine from the Canary Islands.


pyre

Learned borrowing from Latin pyra (“pyre, funeral pile”), from Ancient Greek πυρά (purá), from πῦρ (pûr, “fire”). Doublet of fire.

lbor

For nine long nights, through all the dusky air, The pyres thick flaming shot a dismal glare.—Homer Iliad, p. 31

A funeral pile; a combustible heap on which corpses are burned.


chamois

Borrowed from Middle French chamois, from Late Latin camox, from Gaulish camox (5th c. AD, Polemius Silvius), probably from an extinct Alpine language (Raetic, Ancient Ligurian), possibly Proto-Indo-European *kem- (“without horns”). Compare also Old High German gamiza (“chamois”) (whence modern German Gämse).


raspberry

→ Japanese: ラズベリー (razuberī)

From earlier raspis berry, possibly from raspise (a sweet rose-colored wine), from Anglo-Latin vinum raspeys, of uncertain origin. Possibly related to rasp (“coarse, rough”), of Germanic origin.

عُلَّيْق m (ʕullayq) (which also means blackberry)

Any of many other (but not all) species in the genus Rubus.

The juicy aggregate fruit of these plants.


raspberry

en-adj

raspberry (comparative raspberrier, superlative raspberriest)

raspberrier (comparative)
raspberriest (superlative)

She wore a raspberry beret / The kind you find in a second hand store

1985, Prince (lyrics and music), “Raspberry Beret”, in Around the World in a Day, performed by Prince and the Revolution:


raspberry

en-verb

raspberry (third-person singular simple present raspberries, present participle raspberrying, simple past and past participle raspberried)

raspberries (present singular third-person)
raspberrying (participle present)
raspberried (participle past)
raspberried (past)

[…] she stuck burrs in my bed and lead me through the nettle-patch when we were raspberrying, because she knew I did n't know nettles; […]

1903, M. E. Waller, A Daughter of the Rich, Little, Brown, and Company, published 1903, page 137:

"Owen and she went raspberrying in the woods back of her farm," answered Anne. "They won't be back before supper time—if then."

1917, Lucy Maud Montgomery, chapter 37, in Anne's House of Dreams:

[…] Mrs. Thrifty was picking pie cherries, two boys were raspberrying, and the fourth son, as I recall it, blueberrying.

1944, Cornelius Weygandt, The Heart of New Hampshire: Things Held Dear by Folks of the Old Stocks, G. P. Putnam's Sons, published 1944, page 129:

My mother told my sister Sally and me that if we were good little girls we might go raspberrying up on the mountains when the raspberries were ripe.

1976, Emily Ward, The Way Things Were: An Autobiography of Emily Ward, Newport Press (1976), page 4

In strawberry time she had seen individual bears grazing in the meadows along the bluff, and later, while raspberrying, she heard one gobbling fruit and snorting on the other side of the bush.

1988, Charles McCarry, The Bride of the Wilderness, MysteriousPress.com, published 2011, →ISBN:


raspberry

Cockney rhyming slang, from raspberry tart = fart (though "raspberry" is rarely used for a fart, merely a noise which imitates it). Compare raspberry ripple = cripple.

Of the announcement, Osborne said: "They have spent a hundred billion pounds of public money and they've got a massive raspberry from everyone as far as I can see. As a PR exercise, it's been an object lesson in how not to make a government announcement."

2021 December 1, “Network News: Integrated Rail Plan: Osborne predicts HS2 eastern leg will return”, in RAIL, number 945, page 8:

(colloquial) A noise intended to imitate the passing of flatulence, made by blowing air out of the mouth while the tongue is protruding from and pressed against the lips, or by blowing air through the lips while they are pressed firmly together or against skin (often a form of tickling) used humorously or to express derision.


blow

en-adj

blow (comparative blower or more blow, superlative blowest or most blow)

blower (comparative)
more blow (comparative)
blowest (superlative)
most blow (superlative)

From Middle English blo, bloo, from Old English blāw (“blue”), from Proto-Germanic *blēwaz (“blue, dark blue, grey, black”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlēw- (“yellow, blond, grey”). Cognate with Latin flavus (“yellow”). Doublet of blue.

der

(now chiefly puristic, dialectal, Northern England) Blue.


burn

en-verb

burn (third-person singular simple present burns, present participle burning, simple past and past participle burned or (mostly Commonwealth) burnt or (obsolete) brent)

burns (present singular third-person)
burning (participle present)
burned (participle past)
burned (past)
burnt (Commonwealth participle past)
burnt (Commonwealth past)
brent (obsolete participle past)
brent (obsolete past)
burn (infinitive)

Sranan Tongo: bron

Aukan: boon

From Middle English bernen (collateral form of brennen), from Old English birnan (“to burn”), metathesis from Proto-West Germanic *brinnan, from Proto-Germanic *brinnaną (“to burn”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenw-, present stem from *bʰrewh₁-. Doublet of brew.
See also Middle Irish brennim (“drink up”), bruinnim (“bubble up”); also Middle Irish bréo (“flame”), Albanian burth (“Cyclamen hederifolium, mouth burning”), Sanskrit भुरति (bhurati, “moves quickly, twitches, fidgets”). More at brew.

verbranden

chemistry: to cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent

He burned his manuscript in the fireplace.

On July 1, 1402,⁹⁵ when the Prince of Yen reached P’u-k’ou (in Kiangsu), Sheng Yung and his imperial troops attacked him and attempted to burn his boats.⁹⁶

1976, David B. Chan, “The Fall of Nanking”, in The Usurpation of the Prince of Yen, 1398-1402 (Chinese Materials and Research Aids Service Center, Inc. Occasional Series), number 7, San Francisco: Chinese Materials Center, Inc., →OCLC, page 83:

Since the mid-1980s, when Indonesia first began to clear its bountiful forests on an industrial scale in favour of lucrative palm-oil plantations, “haze” has become an almost annual occurrence in South-East Asia. The cheapest way to clear logged woodland is to burn it, producing an acrid cloud of foul white smoke that, carried by the wind, can cover hundreds, or even thousands, of square miles.

2013 June 29, “Unspontaneous combustion”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 29:

(transitive) To cause to be consumed by fire.

He watched the house burn.

Plastics are energy-rich substances, which is why many of them burn so readily. Any organism that could unlock and use that energy would do well in the Anthropocene. Terrestrial bacteria and fungi which can manage this trick are already familiar to experts in the field.

2013 July 20, “Welcome to the plastisphere”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8845:

(intransitive) To be consumed by fire, or in flames.


burnt

en-adj

burnt (comparative more burnt, superlative most burnt)

more burnt (comparative)
most burnt (superlative)
burned (alternative)

better than a poke in the eye with a burnt stick

The toast was too burnt to eat.


fire

en-verb

fire (third-person singular simple present fires, present participle firing, simple past and past participle fired)

fires (present singular third-person)
firing (participle present)
fired (participle past)
fired (past)
fire (infinitive)

From Middle English firen, fyren, furen, from Old English fȳrian (“to make a fire”), from the noun (see above). Cognate with Old Frisian fioria (“to light a fire”), Saterland Frisian fjuurje (“to fire”), Middle Dutch vûren, vueren, vieren (“to set fire”), Dutch vuren (“to fire, shoot”), Old High German fiuren (“to ignite, set on fire”), German feuern (“to fire”).

udløse

computer sciences, software engineering: to initiate an event

If you fire the pottery at too high a temperature, it may crack.

They fire the wood to make it easier to put a point on the end.

So this was my future home, I thought! Certainly it made a brave picture. I had seen similar ones fired-in on many a Heidelberg stein. Backed by towering hills,[…]a sky of palest Gobelin flecked with fat, fleecy little clouds, it in truth looked a dear little city; the city of one's dreams.

1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter IV, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

(transitive) To heat as with fire, but without setting on fire, as ceramic, metal objects, etc.

(intransitive, dated) To catch fire; to be kindled.


blond

en-adj

blond (comparative blonder or more blond, superlative blondest or most blond)

blonder (comparative)
more blond (comparative)
blondest (superlative)
most blond (superlative)
blonde (alternative)

Borrowed from Middle French blond m, from Old French blond, blont, blund, (> Medieval Latin blondus), from Frankish *blund (“a mixed color between golden and light-brown”), from Proto-Germanic *blundaz (“mixed, blinding”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlendʰ- (“to become turbid, see badly, go blind”). Compare Old English blondenfeax (“grey-haired”), Old English blandan (“to mix”). More at blend.
Alternative etymology connects Frankish *blund to Proto-Germanic *blundaz (“blond”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰl̥ndʰ-, *bʰlendʰ- (“blond, red-haired”). If so, then it would be cognate with Sanskrit ब्रध्न (bradhná, “ruddy, pale red, yellowish”).

cog

“She was so blond, that where it said 'sign here,' she wrote Gemini.” He had given her only the weakest of smiles.

2010, Mariah Stewart, Moon Dance, Simon & Schuster, →ISBN:

Katelyn's laugh was nearly uncontrollable. “You are so blond sometimes,” she said with a long laughing sigh, but then calmed herself down.

2002, Michael Jay, The Altherian Code, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 118:

Alternative spelling of blonde (“stupid”)


blonde

Alternative form of blond (person of fair hair). (Used especially of a woman. See the usage notes in the entry blond.)

blond

blonde:

Alternative form of blond (pale golden brown color).

Coordinate term: redhead

Most [camera crews] carry two blondes and three redheads or their equivalents. Blondes are 2000 watt lamps traditionally with yellow heads (or shells) used to light fairly large areas — also referred to as 2Ks — and redheads smaller 800 watt lamps traditionally with red shells to light faces.

2012, Colin Hart, Television Program Making, page 63:

(film, television, theater) A kind of 2,000-watt lamp.


blonde

en-verb

blonde (third-person singular simple present blondes, present participle blonding, simple past and past participle blonded)

blondes (present singular third-person)
blonding (participle present)
blonded (participle past)
blonded (past)
blond (alternative)

Most women who blonde their hair today have been doing it for several years.

1964, LIFE, volume 56, number 10, page 25:

(especially of a woman) Alternative form of blond


flaxen

From Middle English flaxen, flexon, flexin, from Old English fleaxen (“of flax; flaxen”), equivalent to flax + -en (“made of”). Compare Dutch vlassen.

flaxen:

The couple and their children have flaxen hair.

(of hair) A pale yellow brown as of dried flax; blonde.


flesh

en-noun

flesh (usually uncountable, plural fleshes)

From Middle English flesh, flesch, flæsch, from Old English flǣsċ, from Proto-West Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁ḱ- (“to tear, peel off”).

der

For all flesh is as grasse, and all the glory of man as the flowre of grasse: the grasse withereth, and the flowre thereof falleth away.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 1 Peter 1:24:

For the flesh lusteth against the Spirit, and the spirit against the flesh: and these are contrary the one to the other: so that yee cannot doe the things that yee would.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Galatians 5:17:

1929 January, Bassett Morgan (Grace Jones), Bimini, first published in Weird Tales, reprinted 1949, in Avon Fantasy Reader, Issue 10,
But death had no gift for me, no power to free me from flesh.

(religion) The mortal body of a human being, contrasted with the spirit or soul.

She opened [...] a third that was the peachy white that crayon companies used to call “flesh”.

2018, Tayari Jones, An American Marriage, Oneworld Publications, page 243:

flesh:

A yellowish pink color; the color of some Caucasian human skin.


lightning

en-noun

lightning (usually uncountable, plural lightnings)

[ˈlʌɪ̯ʔ.nɪŋ]

[ˈlɐɪ̯ʔ.nɪŋ]

From light(e)n + -ing. Doublet of lightening.

lightning does not strike twice in the same place

lightning doesn't strike twice in the same place

lightning never strikes twice in the same place

Although we did not see the lightning, we did hear the thunder.

Canst thou send lightnings, that they may go, and say unto thee, Here we are?

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 38:35:

It was the thought of hot July and August days, when the clouds piled up like woolly mountains, and lightnings streaked the sky.

1901, E. L. Morris, The Child's Eden, page 16:

Manny drove a few miles per hour under the speed limit, entranced by the awesome display of lightning streaking out of the clouds toward earth.

2008, Kathy Clark, Stand By Your Man, page 280:

"Ruu": The adults in the village all said that children like me could calm the lightning and turn the storms into timely rain.

2021 October 13, Genshin Impact, v2.2, miHoYo, iOS, Android, Windows, PS4, level/area: The Sun-Wheel and Mt. Kanna:

A flash of light produced by short-duration, high-voltage discharge of electricity within a cloud, between clouds, or between a cloud and the earth.

Nobs, though, was lightning by comparison with the slow thinking beast and dodged his opponent's thrust with ease. Then he raced to the rear of the tremendous thing and seized it by the tail.

1918 September–November, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “The Land That Time Forgot”, in The Blue Book Magazine, Chicago, Ill.: Story-press Corp., →OCLC; republished as chapter V, in Hugo Gernsback, editor, Amazing Stories, (please specify |part=I to III), New York, N.Y.: Experimenter Publishing, 1927, →OCLC:

(figuratively) Anything that moves very fast.

I took some gin but it did little to calm my mood. […] 'Come now, Bess,' she entreated, and poured another glass of lightning. 'Tell your old mother everything.' I took a gulp of the spirit, then babbled all, showing her the loot now in my possession.


light

light (countable and uncountable, plural lights)

lights (plural)
lite (alternative)
lighte (alternative)
lyght (alternative)
lyghte (alternative)
licht (alternative)

→ Gulf Arabic: ليت (lēt)

→ Farefare: laatɩ

Sranan Tongo: leti

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *lewk-der.
Proto-Germanic *leuhtaz
Proto-West Germanic *leuht
Old English lēoht
Middle English light
English light
From Middle English light, liht, leoht, from Old English lēoht, from Proto-West Germanic *leuht, from Proto-Germanic *leuhtą, from Proto-Indo-European *lewktom, from the root *lewk- (“light”).
Cognates
*Scots licht (“light”)
*West Frisian ljocht (“light”)
*Dutch licht (“light”)
*Low German Licht (“light”)
*German Licht (“light”)
*Swedish ljus (“light”)
*Icelandic ljós (“light”)
*Latin lūx (“light”)
*Russian луч (luč, “beam of light”)
*Armenian լույս (luys, “light”)
*Ancient Greek λευκός (leukós, “white”)
*Persian رُخش (roxš).

visible light

electromagnetic wave perceived by the eye

To get to our house, turn right at the third light.

A traffic light, or (by extension) an intersection controlled by traffic lights.

إِشَارَة مُرُور

traffic light, or an intersection controlled by one

Hey, buddy, you got a light?

A flame or something used to create fire.


wine

en-noun

wine (countable and uncountable, plural wines)

Tok Pisin: wain
→ Rotokas: uain

→ Burmese: ဝိုင် (wuing)

→ Central Melanau: wain

→ Chuukese: wain

→ Ewe: wein

→ Hawaiian: waina

→ Japanese: ワイン (wain)

→ Kannada: ವೈನ್ (vain)

→ Korean: 와인 (wain)

→ Malay: wain

→ Maori: wāina

→ Navajo: wáán

→ Tamil: வைன் (vaiṉ)

→ Thai: ไวน์ (waai)

From Middle English wyn, win, from Old English wīn, from Proto-West Germanic *wīn, from Proto-Germanic *wīną, either directly or via Latin vīnum (from Proto-Italic *wīnom) from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom (“wine”). Doublet of vine and vino.

خَمْر

alcoholic beverage made from other fruits, vegetables or plants

And David's Lips are lock't; but in divine
High piping Péhlevi, with "Wine! Wine! Wine!
Red Wine!" — the Nightingale cries to the Rose
That yellow Cheek of her's to'incarnadine.

1859, Edward Fitzgerald, The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám: The Astronomer-Poet of Persia, page 2:

In Europe then [1925] we thought of wine as something as healthy and normal as food and also as a great giver of happiness and well being and delight. Drinking wine was not a snobbism nor a sign of sophistication nor a cult; it was as natural as eating and to me as necessary, and I would not have thought of eating a meal without drinking either wine or cider or beer.

1964, Ernest Hemingway, A Moveable Feast, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 156:

Wine is usually stronger than beer.

"Wine improves with age but I improve with wine," she slurred as she slid gracefully beneath the table.

An alcoholic beverage made by fermenting grape juice, with an ABV ranging from 5.5–16%.

...dandelion wine, rice wine, plum wine...

An alcoholic beverage made by fermenting other substances, producing a similar ABV.

wine:

(uncountable) The color of red wine, a deep reddish purple.


wine

A variant of wind with simplification of the final consonant cluster; for the vowel quality, compare find, mind, rind.

Vor voices rawze upon tha wine

1850, James Orchard Halliwell, A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs, and Ancient Customs, from the Fourteenth Century:

Aw how sholl I tell o’m—vor âll pirty maidens / When I pass’d ’em look’d back—ther smill rawze on tha wine.

1869, James Jennings, The Dialect of the West of England, particularly Somersetshire:


wine

en-verb

wine (third-person singular simple present wines, present participle wining, simple past and past participle wined)

wines (present singular third-person)
wining (participle present)
wined (participle past)
wined (past)

From Jamaican Creole [Term?], related to wind (verb).

Even when there are positive comments, as in the responses to “white boy wines to dancehall,” the origin of the white boy's ability to dance is attributed to skills derived from others: […].

2010, Andoni Alonso, Pedro Oiarzabal, editors, Diasporas in the New Media Age: Identity, Politics, and Community, University of Nevada Press, →ISBN:

(dance, intransitive) To perform a Jamaican dance, such as the Dutty Wine.


apparatus

en-noun

apparatus (plural apparatuses or apparatusses or apparatus or (both rare) apparatûs or apparatūs or (hypercorrect) apparati)

apparatuses (plural)
apparatusses (plural)
apparatus (plural)
apparatûs (plural rare)
apparatūs (plural rare)
apparati (hypercorrect plural rare)

/æp.əˈɹɑː.təs/

Borrowed from Latin apparātus. Doublet of apparat.

(firefighting) A vehicle used for emergency response.


bright

en-adj

bright (comparative brighter, superlative brightest)

brighter (comparative)
brightest (superlative)

The adjective is from Middle English bright, from Old English beorht, from Proto-West Germanic *berht, from Proto-Germanic *berhtaz (“bright”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHǵ- (“to shine, to gleam, whiten”).
The noun is derived from Middle English bright (“brightness, brilliance; daylight; light”), from bright (adjective): see above.
The English word is cognate with Albanian bardhë (“white”), Dutch brecht (in personal names), Icelandic bjartur (“bright”), Lithuanian brekšta (“to dawn”), Middle Irish brafad (“blink of an eye”), Norwegian bjart (“bright, clear, shining”), Persian برازیدن (barâzidan, “to beautify; to befit”), Northern Luri بڵێز (bełız, “blaze”) Russian бре́зжить (brézžitʹ, “to dawn; to flicker faintly, glimmer; (figuratively) of a hope, thought, etc.: to begin to manifest, emerge”), Sanskrit भ्राजते (bhrājate), Scots bricht (“bright”), Welsh berth (“beautiful, fair, fine”) (obsolete).

cog

the candle that burns twice as bright burns half as long

Could you please dim the light? It’s far too bright.


bright

Thee Father firſt they ſung Omnipotent, / […] when thou ſhad'ſt / The full blaze of thy beams, and through a cloud / Drawn round about thee like a radiant Shrine, / Dark with exceſſive bright thy ſkirts appeer, / Yet dazle Heav'n, […]

1667, John Milton, “Book III”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 372 and 377–381:


camel

→ Coeur d'Alene: keemel

→ Eastern Arrernte: kamule

→ Tsonga: kamela

From Middle English camel, through Old English camel and Old Northern French camel (Old French chamel, modern French chameau), from Latin camēlus, from Ancient Greek κάμηλος (kámēlos), from a Semitic source, ultimately from Proto-Semitic *gamal-; compare Arabic جَمَل (jamal), Hebrew גמל (gamál), Aramaic ܓܡܠܐ (gamlā), Coptic ϭⲁⲙⲟⲩⲗ (camoul). As a marine device, from Dutch. As an ethnic slur, short for camelfucker, camel jockey, etc.

a camel is a horse designed by a committee

it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God

Returne our Mules and emptie Camels backe,
That we may trauell into Siria, […]

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

Achilles! a drayman, a porter, a very camel.

c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

As sometimes happens in countries of small civilisation, a leader arose from among the Arabs. None knew from where he sprang, and it was said that he had been a camel driver.

1907, W. Somerset Maugham, chapter IV, in The Explorer:

oont

India (Anglo-Indian), Australia, colloquial

A beast of burden, much used in desert areas, of the genus Camelus.

camel:

A light brownish color, like that of a camel (also called camel brown).

(ethnic slur) A person of Middle Eastern origin.


camel

→ Spanish: cámel

[…] try to select accessories that are in the same color family as your coat," says millinery designer Patricia Underwood. To pick up the weave of a brown tweed jacket, for instance, choose a camel hat and black gloves.

Of a light brown color like that of a camel.


beaver

en-noun

beaver (countable and uncountable, plural beavers or (senses 1 and 4) beaver)

beavers (plural)
beaver (plural)
Beaver (alternative)

From Middle English bever, from Old English befer, from Proto-West Germanic *bebru, from Proto-Germanic *bebruz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus (“beaver”).
Cognate with West Frisian bever, Dutch bever, French bièvre, German Biber, dialectal Swedish bjur. Non-Germanic cognates include Welsh befer, Latin fiber, Lithuanian bẽbras, Russian бобр (bobr), Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬭𐬀 (bauura), and Sanskrit बभ्रु (bábhru, “mongoose; ichneumon”).
Slang use to refer to a woman evolved from use to refer to pubic hair, which evolved from use to refer to beards, which evolved from use to refer to the furry animal or its fur.

cog

The beards were false ones. I could see the elastic going over their ears. In other words, I had fallen among a band of criminals who were not wilful beavers, but had merely assumed the fungus for purposes of disguise.

(countable, slang) A beard or a bearded person.

(uncountable, historical, slang) A game, in which points are scored by spotting beards.


ermine

en-noun

ermine (countable and uncountable, plural ermines or ermine)

From Middle English ermine, ermin, ermyn, from Old French ermin, ermine, hermine.
There are two main theories for the origin of Old French ermine. Germanic origin is suggested via Old Dutch *harmino (“stoat skin”), from *harmo (“stoat, weasel”) (compare Dutch hermelijn and dialectal herm), from Proto-Germanic *harmǭ, *harmô (compare Old English hearma, Old High German harmo (harmin (adjective), obsolete German Harm), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱormō (compare Romansch carmun, obsolete Lithuanian šarmuõ). Romance sources identify the animal with the corresponding word for Armenian, possibly from Medieval Latin mūs Armenius (“Armenian mouse”) or a posterior compound.

der

(heraldry) The fur of this animal, used as a heraldic tincture: a white field with a repeating pattern of stylized black spots.

hermelín

(heraldry) a white field with black spots


ermine

(heraldry) In blazon, of the colour ermine (white with black spots).

hermelínový

of white colour with black spots on a coat of arms


laser

A gum resin obtained from certain umbelliferous plants.


low

From Middle English lowe, loghe, from Old Norse logi (“fire, flame, sword”), from Proto-Germanic *lugô (“flame, blaze”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“light”).
Cognate with Icelandic logi (“flame”), Swedish låga (“flame”), Danish lue (“flame”), German Lohe (“blaze, flames”), North Frisian leag (“fire, flame”), Old English līeġ (“fire, flame, lightning”). More at leye, light.

cog

She was, as one of them expressed himself, in a light low (bright flame) when they observed a king's ship, with her colours up, heave in sight from behind the cape. The guns of the burning vessel discharged themselves […]

1815 February 24, [Walter Scott], Guy Mannering; or, The Astrologer. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and Archibald Constable and Co., […], →OCLC, page 85:

A boy fell aff his chair a' in a low, for the discharge had set him on fire […]

1843, John Wilson, The Noctes Ambrosianœ of "Blackwood"., page 478:

[…] and he was sure to light of a verse blazing wi' a blue brimstone low that set all straight.

1849, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], “Mr. Yorke (continued)”, in Shirley. A Tale. […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, page 76:

And methought the whole world was lighted in a lowe, and with a great cry I awoke out of the dream.

1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros, London: Jonathan Cape, page 19:

(countable, UK, Scotland, dialect) A flame; fire; blaze.


low

en-verb

low (third-person singular simple present lows, present participle lowing, simple past and past participle lowed)

lows (present singular third-person)
lowing (participle present)
lowed (participle past)
lowed (past)
lowe (alternative)

Driest wood will eithest low,

1724 (edition of 1788), Allan Ramsay, The Tea-Table Miscellany, page 23

They scarcely left to co'er their fuds,
 To quench their lowan drouth.

[…] in every crevice; and each individual brick shone and “lowed” with the intense heat. “As I am a Christian man,” thought he, “this is verily the mouth of the pit; and I am lost — lost for ever, for —”

1870, Edward Peacock, Ralf Skirlaugh, the Lincolnshire Squire: A Novel, page 197:

Sand, striking a light with his flint and steel, and transferring the flame when it lowed up to the bowl of his tiny elf's pipe, so small that it just let in the top of his little finger as he settled the tobacco in it as it began to burn.

1894, Samuel Rutherford Crockett, The Raiders, page 82:

The next I saw, James parried a thrust so nearly that I thought him killed; and it lowed up in my mind that this was the girl's father, and in a manner almost my own, and I drew and ran in to sever them.

1895, Robert Louis Stevenson, Works, page 382:

(UK, Scotland, dialect) To burn; to blaze.


brass

en-noun

brass (usually uncountable, plural brasses)

From Middle English bras, bres, from Old English bræs (“brass, bronze”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps representing a backformation from Proto-Germanic *brasnaz (“brazen”), from or related to *brasō (“fire, pyre”). Compare Old Norse and Icelandic bras (“solder”), Icelandic brasa (“to harden in the fire”), Swedish brasa (“a small controlled fire”), Danish brase (“to fry”); French braser ("to solder"; > English braise) from the same Germanic root. Compare also Middle Dutch braspenninc ("a silver coin", literally, "silver-penny"; > Dutch braspenning), Old Frisian bress (“copper”), Middle Low German bras (“metal, ore”).
In the military sense an ellipsis of the brass hats.

unc

uncertain

gloss

"to solder"; > English <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">braise</i>

"a silver coin", literally, "silver-penny"; > Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">braspenning</i>

духов

related to brass instruments (attributive use)

cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey

A few measures later, the brass comes in strong!

(music) A class of wind instruments, usually made of metal (such as brass), that use vibrations of the player's lips to produce sound; the section of an orchestra that features such instruments.


brass

By ellipsis from brass nail, in turn from "nail[ing]" (fig.) and "brass blonde" (see "brazen"); and also shortened from Cockney Rhyming slang brass flute for "prostitute".


liver

From Middle English lyvere, lyver, from Old English lifer (“liver”), from Proto-West Germanic *libru, from Proto-Germanic *librō, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smear, smudge, stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Líeuwer, Lieuwer (“liver”), West Frisian lever (“liver”), Dutch lever (“liver”), German Leber (“liver”), Danish, Norwegian and Swedish lever (“liver”) (the last three from Old Norse lifr (“liver”)). Related to live.

der

His friend Rothwell, who had the use of the best Laveracks for breeding purposes, wrote him that one of his puppies was liver and white.

2006, Rawdon Briggs Lee, A History and Description of the Modern Dogs of Great Britain & Ireland, →ISBN, page 298:

Of the colour of liver (dark brown, tinted with red and gray).


sand

en-noun

sand (usually uncountable, plural sands)

From Middle English sand, from Old English sand, from Proto-West Germanic *samd, from Proto-Germanic *samdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *sámh₂dʰos, from *sem- (“to pour”).
See also West Frisian sân, Dutch zand, German Sand, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian sand, Latin sabulum, Ancient Greek ἄμαθος (ámathos), English dialectal samel (“sand bottom”), Old Irish do·essim (“to pour out”), Latin sentina (“bilge water”), Lithuanian sémti (“to scoop”), Ancient Greek ἀμάω (amáō, “to gather”), ἄμη (ámē, “water bucket”).

enough sense to pound sand into a rathole

sand:

A light beige colour, like that of typical sand.


sand

Of a light beige colour, like that of typical sand.


stone

stone (countable and uncountable, plural stones or (UK colloquial, as unit of weight) stone)

stones (plural)
stone (UK colloquial plural)

Sranan Tongo: ston

→ Esperanto: ŝtono

From Middle English ston, stone, stan, from Old English stān, from Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- (“to stiffen”).
See also West Frisian stien, Saterland Frisian Steen, Dutch steen, German Stein, Danish and Swedish sten, Norwegian stein; also Russian стена́ (stená, “wall”), Ancient Greek στία (stía, “pebble”), στέαρ (stéar, “tallow”), Albanian shtëng (“hardened or pressed matter”), Sanskrit स्त्यायते (styāyate, “it hardens”)). Doublet of stein.

cog

stone:

A dull light grey or beige, like that of some stones.


stone

Of a dull light grey or beige, like that of some stones.


smoke

en-noun

smoke (countable and uncountable, plural smokes)

From Middle English smoke, from Old English smoca (“smoke”), probably a derivative of the verb (see below). Related to Dutch smook (“smoke”), Middle Low German smôk (“smoke”), dialectal German Schmauch (“smoke”).

If those were the days, however, when steam was triumphant, they were also the days of smoke. Nowhere was this so apparent as at "Kings Cross (Suburban)" where, one after another, the Great Northern tank engines thumped their way up the incline and emerged from the tunnel, in clouds of steam and smoke, to pound their way up the last few hundred feet of gradient alongside the platform.

1952 October, C. A. Johns, “One Hundred Years at Kings Cross—1”, in Railway Magazine, page 657:

Since the mid-1980s, when Indonesia first began to clear its bountiful forests on an industrial scale in favour of lucrative palm-oil plantations, “haze” has become an almost annual occurrence in South-East Asia. The cheapest way to clear logged woodland is to burn it, producing an acrid cloud of foul white smoke that, carried by the wind, can cover hundreds, or even thousands, of square miles.

2013 June 29, “Unspontaneous combustion”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 29:

(uncountable) The visible vapor/vapour, gases, and fine particles given off by burning or smoldering material.

anta intai

visible particles and vapour given off by burning material


smoke

en-verb

smoke (third-person singular simple present smokes, present participle smoking, simple past smoked, past participle smoked or (rare, nonstandard) smoken)

smokes (present singular third-person)
smoking (participle present)
smoked (past)
smoked (participle past)
smoken (nonstandard participle past rare)
smoak (alternative)

Dutch: smoken

Sranan Tongo: smoko

From Middle English smoken, from Old English smocian (“to smoke, emit smoke; fumigate”), from Proto-West Germanic *smokōn, from Proto-Germanic *smukōną (“to smoke”), ablaut derivative of Proto-Germanic *smaukaną (“to smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mewg- (“to smoke”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian smookje (“to smoke”), West Frisian smoke (“to smoke”), Dutch smoken (“to smoke”), Low German smöken (“to smoke”), German Low German smoken (“to smoke”). Related also to Old English smēocan (“to smoke, emit smoke; fumigate”), Bavarian schmuckelen (“to smell bad, reek”).

cog

He was first smoked by the old Lord Lafeu.

c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vi]:

I alone / Smok'd his true person, talk'd with him.

1614–1615, Homer, “(please specify the book number)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume (please specify the book number), London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC:

Upon that […] I began to smoke that they were a parcel of mummers.

1715 June 1 (Gregorian calendar), Joseph Addison, “The Free-holder: No. 44. Saturday, May 21. [1715.]”, in The Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq; […], volume IV, London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], published 1721, →OCLC:

The squire gave him a good curse at his departure; and then turning to the parson, he cried out, "I smoke it: I smoke it. Tom is certainly the father of this bastard. […]

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC:

(obsolete, transitive) To smell out; to hunt out; to find out; to detect.


flame

en-noun

flame (countable and uncountable, plural flames)

From Middle English flawme, blend of Old French flame and flambe, flamble, the first from Latin flamma, the second from Latin flammula, diminutive of flamma, both from pre-Latin *fladma; Proto-Italic *flagmā, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to shimmer, gleam, shine”). Displaced native Old English līeġ.

der

[M]arked by myriad clouds of every sunset-colour - flame, purple, pink, green, violet, and all the tints of gold.

1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, published 1993, page 73:

A brilliant reddish orange-gold fiery colour.
flame:

The cello has a two-piece back with a beautiful narrow flame.

(music, chiefly lutherie) The contrasting light and dark figure seen in wood used for stringed instrument making; the curl.


flame

Of a brilliant reddish orange-gold colour, like that of a flame.


flame

en-verb

flame (third-person singular simple present flames, present participle flaming, simple past and past participle flamed)

flames (present singular third-person)
flaming (participle present)
flamed (participle past)
flamed (past)

From Middle English flawmen, from Old French flamber, flammer.

The main blaze of it is past, but a small thing would make it flame again.

c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

To produce flames; to burn with a flame or blaze.


ash

en-noun

ash (countable and uncountable, plural ashes)

From Middle English asshe, from Old English æsċ, from Proto-Germanic *askaz, *askiz (compare West Frisian esk, Dutch es, German Esche, Danish/Norwegian/Swedish ask), from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃s- (compare Welsh onnen, Latin ornus (“wild mountain ash”), Lithuanian úosis, Russian я́сень (jásenʹ), Albanian ah (“beech”), Ancient Greek ὀξύα (oxúa, “beech”), Old Armenian հացի (hacʻi)).

Alternative forms: æsc, æsh

The traditional name for the ae ligature (æ), as used in Old English.


snow

snow (countable and uncountable, plural snows)

The noun is derived from Middle English snaw, snou, snow (“snow; accumulation of snow; snowfall; snowstorm; whiteness”), from Old English snāw (“snow”), from Proto-West Germanic *snaiw (“snow”), from Proto-Germanic *snaiwaz (“snow”), from Proto-Indo-European *snóygʷʰos (“snow”), from *sneygʷʰ- (“to snow”).
The verb is derived from Middle English snouen (“to snow; (figurative) to shower”), from snou, snow (noun) (see above) + -en (suffix forming the infinitive of verbs). Displaced Old English snīwan, whence English snew (obsolete).
Verb sense 2.3.2 (“to convince or hoodwink (someone)”) probably refers to a person being blinded or confused by a snowstorm.
Cognates
* Albanian nehë (“place where the snow melts”) (dialectal)
* Ancient Greek νίφα (nípha)
* Danish sne (“snow”)
* Dutch sneeuw (“snow”)
* German Schnee (“snow”)
* Icelandic snjór (“snow”)
* Latin nix (“snow”)
* Norwegian snø (“snow”)
* Russian снег (sneg)
* Sanskrit स्नेह (snéha, “oil, grease”)
* Scots snaw (“snow”)
* Swedish snö (“snow”)
* West Frisian snie (“snow”)

сы

partly frozen, crystalline state of water that falls from the atmosphere as precipitation in flakes; falling of such flakes; accumulation of them as a white layer

there may be snow on the mountaintop but there's fire in the valley

there may be snow on the rooftop but there is fire in the furnace

Something resembling snow (sense 1) in appearance or color.

(figurative, slang, dated) White linen which has been washed.


crown

→ Japanese: クラウン (kuraun)

→ Korean: 크라운 (keuraun)

→ Maori: karauna

From Middle English coroune, from Anglo-Norman corone, from Latin corōna (“crown, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē). Doublet of corona, korona, koruna, krona, króna, and krone. Displaced native Old English corenbēag (“crown”); and Middle English kinehelm, kynehelm, from Old English cynehelm (“crown”).
* (paper size): So called because originally watermarked with a crown.

doublet

(architecture) A kind of spire or lantern formed by converging flying buttresses.

There is no difficulty getting married in Jamaica, is there? No, it only costs half a crown.

1866, Jamaica. Report of the Royal Jamaica Commission, 1866. Part II: Minutes of Evidence and Appendix, H.M.Stationery Office, page 558:

Maggie Murphy had some knickers that she bought in Bagenalstown, an interlock of knickers that she got for a half a crown.

2009, “Maggie Murphy's Knickers” (track 8), in Stay Wut Her Johnny, performed by Richie Kavanagh:

en:any of several Commonwealth coins worth five shillings

(historical, by extension) A coin or note worth five shillings in various countries that are or were in the British Commonwealth, such as Ireland or Jamaica.


artichoke

→ Bengali: হাতিচোক (haticōk)

→ Cantonese: 雅枝竹 (ngaa⁵ zi¹ zuk¹)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आटिचोक (āṭicok)

Urdu: اٹچوک (āṭicok)

→ Indonesian: articok

→ Korean: 아티초크 (atichokeu)

desc

→ Japanese: アーティチョーク

→ Japanese: アーティチョーク

→ South Levantine Arabic: أرضي شوكي

→ Thai: อาติโช๊ค (aa-tí-chóok)

/ˈɑɹ.tɪˌtʃoʊk/

/ˈɑː.tɪˌtʃəʊk/

From Lombard articioch (cf. articiocco), from Occitan artichaut, from Old Spanish alcarchofa, from Andalusian Arabic الْخَرْشُوف (al-ḵaršūf), from Arabic الْخُرْشُوف (al-ḵuršūf), definite form of خُرْشُوف (ḵuršūf).

der

Arabic الْخُرْشُوف (al-ḵuršūf)

Cynara cardunculus

the currently accepted taxonomic name, which also includes cardoons

A plant related to the thistle with enlarged flower heads eaten as a vegetable while immature, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus.

أَرْضِي شَوْكِي

ʔarḍī šawkī, ʔarḍī šōkī

artichoke:

A dull green colour, like that of an artichoke.


mandarin

→ Irish: mandairín

From Portuguese mandarim, mandarij, from Malay menteri, manteri, and its source, Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), from मन्त्र (mantra, “counsel, maxim, mantra”) + -इन् (-in, an agent suffix). In Chinese folk etymology, the word originates from Mandarin 滿大人 /满大人 (Mǎndàrén, literally “Manchu important man”).

com

LIKE THE MANDARINS of old, the rulers of China live behind high walls. When they emerge, which they rarely do, they travel in cars with rear windows curtained like sedan chairs.
They live in the Chung Nan Hai, a walled park adjacent to the Forbidden City from where ancient dynasties ruled the Celestial Empire.

1991, Chris Mullin, The Year of the Fire Monkey (Fiction), London: Chatto & Windus, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 252:

(historical) A high government bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire.

Its sting preserved to literature a fierce peculiar genius [Waugh] who, in the 40 years before his death last week at 62, achieved recognition as the grand old mandarin of modern British prose and as a satirist whose skill at sticking pens in people rates him a roomy cell in the murderers’ row (Swift, Pope, Wilde, Shaw) of English letters.

1966 April 22, “The Beauty of His Malice”, in Time, archived from the original on 2012-11-06:

When mandarins on the court pointed to obscure language in the Constitution to overturn a century of precedent and declare the income tax unconstitutional, Harlan sided with precedent[.]

2021 June 23, Peter S. Canellos, “Why The ‘Trump Court’ Won’t Be Like Trump”, in Politico:

When institutional mandarins such as this eminent pair set out to undermine the traditional basis for remunerating the products of the mind, you might expect a lowly scribe (such as your reviewer) to take umbrage.

2024 January 13, Boyd Tonkin, “The culture of copyright creep”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 9:

(sometimes derogatory) A pedantic senior person of influence in academia or literary circles.

(informal, British) A senior civil servant.


mandarin

From French mandarine, feminine of mandarin, probably formed as Etymology 1, above, from the yellow colour of the mandarins' costume.

Ellipsis of mandarin orange.:
A small, sweet citrus fruit.

Citrus reticulata
Citrus reticulata#Translingual

A tree of the species Citrus reticulata.

mandarin:


flash

en-noun

flash (countable and uncountable, plural flashes)

→ Catalan: flaix

→ Polish: flesz

In some senses, from Middle English flasshen, a variant of flasken, flaskien (“to sprinkle, splash”), which was likely of imitative origin; in other senses probably of North Germanic origin akin to Swedish dialectal flasa (“to burn brightly, blaze”), related to flare. Compare also Icelandic flasa (“to rush, go hastily”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

A sudden, short, temporary burst of light.

I reached a flash out of my car pocket and went down-grade and looked at the car.

1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, New York, N.Y.: Alfred A. Knopf, OCLC 747046957; republished London: Penguin Books, 2011, ISBN 978-0-241-95628-1, page 34

(colloquial, US) A flashlight; an electric torch.

(photography) Clipping of camera flash (“a device used to produce a flash of artificial light to help illuminate a scene”).


coffee

en-noun

coffee (countable and uncountable, plural coffees)

coffee [from 1598] (canonical)
coffees (plural)
coffée (alternative)

Tok Pisin: kopi

desc

→ Mon: ကဝ်ဖှဳ

→ Mon: ကဝ်ဖှဳ

→ Gujarati: કૉફી (kŏphī)

→ Hausa: kṑfī

desctree

→ Hindi: कॉफ़ी (kŏfī), काफ़ी (kāfī), कोफ़ी (kofī), कॉफी (kŏphī), काफी (kāphī), कोफी (kophī)
→ Sanskrit: काफी (kāphī)

→ Korean: 커피 (keopi)

→ Maia: kopi

→ Marathi: काफी (kāphī)

→ Marshallese: ko̧pe

→ Navajo: gohwééh

→ Scottish Gaelic: cofaidh

→ Welsh: coffi

Conservative, Received Pronunciation, dated

Etymology tree
Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa)bor.
Ottoman Turkish قهوهbor.
Italian caffèbor.
Dutch koffiebor.
English coffee
Borrowed from Dutch koffie, from Italian caffè, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa). Doublet of café and caffè and cognate with the words for "coffee" in other major European languages, most of which are derived from the Turkish and Italian words.

etymon

that and a dollar will get you a cup of coffee

that and a nickel will buy you a cup of coffee

that and twenty-five cents will get you a cup of coffee

coffee:

A pale brown color, like that of milk coffee.


coffee

Of a pale brown colour, like that of milk coffee.


peach

en-noun

peach (countable and uncountable, plural peaches)

i

from the plural <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">peaches</i>

→ Abenaki: biches (from the plural peaches)

→? Arapaho: biisib

→ Bengali: পীচ (pic) (probably)

→ Haida: píichas

→ Malay: pic (probably)

→? Maori: pītiti

→ Swahili: pichi (probably)

→ Thai: พีช (píit)

From Middle English peche, borrowed from Old French pesche (French pêche), Vulgar Latin *pessica (cf. Medieval Latin pesca) from Late Latin persica, from Classical Latin mālum persicum, from Ancient Greek μᾶλον περσικόν (mâlon persikón, “Persian apple”). Displaced Middle English persogʒe, from Old English persoc, from the same Latin root above.

der

μᾶλον περσικόν

To dye one chip bonnet peach colour, put four ounces of cudbear in one gallon of water, make it boil, and put one ounce of soda in the liquor.

1854, Thomas Love, The Art of Cleaning, Dyeing, Scouring and Finishing, etc, page 242:

If the dye is for a light color such as peach, more dry dye could be used.

1990, Lila Fretz, Hooking Rugs: Storey’s Country Wisdom Bulletin, page 27:

Circle Quilt throw in peach and green

2013, Kim Eichler-Messmer, Modern Color—An Illustrated Guide to Dyeing Fabric for Modern Quilts, page 61:

peach:

(uncountable) A light yellow-red colour.


cardinal

en-noun

cardinal (countable and uncountable, plural cardinals)

From Middle French cardinal, from Latin cardinālis (“pertaining to a hinge, hence applied to that on which something turns or depends, important, principal, chief”), from cardin-, cardō (“hinge”) + -ālis, adjectival suffix.

der

His uncle, a Cardinal, engages a Spanish youth of Moorish descent called Diego, an expert singer and player on the virginal, to unlock the secrets of the heart,[…]and cure him by the spell of his music.

1932, Maurice Baring, chapter 16, in Friday's Business:

Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church

(Roman Catholicism) One of the officials appointed by the pope in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking only below the pope and the patriarchs, constituting the special college which elects the pope.


daystar

From Middle English daysterre, from Old English dæġsteorra, equivalent to day + star. Cognate with Scots daystern (“morningstar; daystar”).

I only go outdoors at night, away from the daystar's burning glare.


nocturnal

nocturnals (plural)
nocturnall (alternative)

From Middle French nocturnal, from Latin nocturnus (“nocturnal, nightly”), from Latin nox (“night”), from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts (“night”). Cognates include Ancient Greek νύξ (núx), Sanskrit नक्ति (nákti), Old English niht (English night) and Proto-Slavic *noťь.

A rather different instrument was the nocturnal: it enabled you to tell the time at night, provided you knew the date, from the position of the stars in the constellation of the Great Bear, which rotate around the Pole Star.

2015, David Wootton, The Invention of Science, Penguin, published 2016, page 188:

(historical) A device for telling the time at night, rather like a sundial but read according to the stars.


CD

en-noun

CD (countable and uncountable, plural CDs)

Abbreviation of various terms and phrases.

(medicine) Abbreviation of Crohn's disease.

سِي دِي

abbreviation of compact disc — see also compact disc


natural

en-adj

natural (comparative more natural, superlative most natural)

more natural (comparative)
most natural (superlative)
naturall (alternative)
nat'ral (alternative)

/ˈnæt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/

From Middle English natural, borrowed from Old French natural, naturel, from Latin nātūrālis, from nātus, the perfect participle of nāscor (“be born”, verb). Displaced native Old English ġecynde. By surface analysis, nature + -al.

luonnollinen

that exists and evolved within the confines of an ecosystem

Mr. Campion appeared suitably impressed and she warmed to him. He was very easy to talk to with those long clown lines in his pale face, a natural goon, born rather too early she suspected.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 5, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

Having an innate ability to fill a given role or profession, or display a specified character.


natural

en-noun

natural (countable and uncountable, plural naturals)

naturals (plural)
naturall (alternative)
nat'ral (alternative)

/ˈnæt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/

He's a natural on the saxophone.

One with an innate talent at or for something.

natural:

(uncountable) An almost white colour, with tints of grey, yellow or brown; originally that of natural fabric.

Chinosole, who stopped straightening her hair and cut it into a natural while at a predominantly white college, was quite uneasy with the style

2002, Maxine Leeds Craig, Ain't I a Beauty Queen?: Black Women, Beauty, and the Politics of Race, Oxford University Press, →ISBN:

I wanted to do it for so long — throw out my chemically relaxed hair for a natural.

2012, Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Chicken Soup for the African American Soul: Celebrating and Sharing Our Culture One Story at a Time, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:

Third, it insinuates that black afro hairstyles (e.g., naturals) relate to African cultural heritage, which is largely untrue.

2015, Carmen M. Cusack, HAIR AND JUSTICE: Sociolegal Significance of Hair in Criminal Justice, Constitutional Law, and Public Policy, Charles C Thomas Publisher, →ISBN, page 155:

(US, colloquial) A hairstyle for people with Afro-textured hair in which the hair is not straightened or otherwise treated.

big naturals

> Nina Hartley ¶ 2, unattractive, square "steriod^([sic]) jaw", nice ass, FAKE breasts or small naturals, great sexual presence […] > Marilyn Monroe ¶ 7, decent body, medium NATURALS, stereotypical "godess^([sic])/playboy" blond/blue doesn't usually work for me, good sexual presence

1999 March 2, Mathew Alphonse Coppola, “Please rate these women...”, in rec.arts.movies.erotica (Usenet):

She's [Eva/Mercedes] a brunette European with a curvy natural body with nice tits. For that matter, there are lots of women in Rocco [Siffredi]'s vids with nice naturals.

2002 August 19, Jon Eric, “Great Tit Debate.......”, in rec.arts.movies.erotica (Usenet):

It isn't the big naturals on a little torso that do it for me, since that is not my thing.

2010 March 2, Miles Williams Mathis, “The Sexiest Women of the Screen: A Thinking Man's List”, in mileswmathis.com (personal website), archived from the original on 2010-09-23:

I’m really a good person with a good heart and I believe there is someone out there who will love me. Hopefully a Mexican hottie with big naturals.

2016 October 26, Stephen Falk, “The Seventh Layer”, in Wendey Stanzler, director, You're the Worst, season 3, episode 9 (television production), spoken by Vernon Barbara (Todd Robert Anderson), via FXX:

(chiefly in the plural, slang) A breast which has not been modified by plastic surgery.


lunar

From Middle English lunar (“shaped like the crescent moon”), from Latin lūnāris (“of or pertaining to the moon, lunar”) (possibly through Middle French lunaire (modern French lunaire (“lunar”)), from lūna (“the Moon; crescent shape”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“bright; to shine”)) + -is (suffix forming adjectives).

der

Alternative form: Lunar

lunar observations  a lunar eclipse

By two lunar obſervations the long[itude] was 9° 57′ 30″ E. agreeing within 37′ by the watch, though the day before the long. by moon and watch differed 2° 35′.

1774 September, “A Voyage towards the North Pole, Undertaken by His Majesty’s Command in 1773. By Constantine John Phipps. 4to. Nourse.”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume XLIV, London: Printed […], for D[avid] Henry, and sold by F[rancis] Newbery, […], →OCLC, paragraph 25, page 421, column 2:

Lunar eclipſes are not quite ſo complicated in theory, nor near ſo tedious and difficult in calculation, as ſolar ones. The latter are only apparent, the former really ſuch; that is, the Moon is really deprived of its light, and therefore muſt appear obſcured to all the inhabitants of the earth equally, by whom ſhe can be ſeen; whereas the Sun, not being deficient in light, will ever appear reſplendent to thoſe who do not happen to live on that part of the earth where the lunar ſhadows pass.

1782, Blith Hancock, “Section I. Of the Doctrine of Eclipses.”, in The Doctrine of Eclipses, both Solar and Lunar; Containing Short and Easy Precepts for Computing Solar and Lunar Eclipses. […], Norwich, Norfolk: Printed by J. Crouse, for the author, and sold by M. Booth, […], →OCLC, page 8:

You know nothing about fixing the lunar rays into a ſolid ſubſtance, but you muſt not therefore ſay that this is impoſſible. It can be done, and I can do it. Theſe rays, reduced to a ſubtle powder, and blown on the ſurface of the infant brain, ſtimulate it in future life, by their quality of pricking.

1783, “the Man of the People” [pseudonym; William Thomson], “I Leave the Service of the Apothecary, and Enter into that of the Lunar Sovereign”, in The Man in the Moon; or, Travels into the Lunar Regions, volume I, London: Printed for J[ohn] Murray, […], →OCLC, page 104:

The transformation of primitive lunar deities into solar or heavenly gods are often associated with the transfer of magical and priestly functions to the men and the development of male priesthoods. [...] Or again, in Peru, the official cult of the lunar deity at Cuzco was served by colleges of priestesses, while the service of the Sun-god was performed by male priests.

1927, Robert Briffault, “The Magical Origin of Queens”, in The Mothers: A Study of the Origins of Sentiments and Institutions, volume III, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, page 1:

Ahead the flanks of the Pennines gleamed faintly in the moonlight, looking as though they themselves were part of some dry and deserted lunar landscape.

1960 January, G. Freeman Allen, “"Condor"—British Railways' fastest freight train”, in Trains Illustrated, page 48:

Beyond Earth, the Moon is the only body in space that has been systematically sampled. [...] These samples were collected by the six U.S. Apollo and three U.S.S.R. Luna missions from known locations on the lunar surface. [...] Each Apollo landing increased in exploration complexity and returned even greater amounts of lunar samples.

1991, David Vaniman, John Dietrich, G. Jeffrey Taylor, Grant Heiken, “Exploration, Samples, and Recent Concepts of the Moon”, in Grant Heiken, David Vaniman, Bevan M. French, editors, Lunar Sourcebook: A User’s Guide to the Moon, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, section 2.1 (Lunar Exploration), page 5:

Of, pertaining to, or resembling the Moon (that is, Luna, the Earth's moon).

قَمَرِيّ

of, pertaining to, or resembling the Moon

Some of the Ancients, and likewiſe diuers of the Moderne VVriters, that haue laboured in Naturall Magick, have noted a Sympathy, between the Sunne, Moone, and ſome Principall Starres; And certaine Herbes, and Plants. And they haue denominated ſome Herbes Solar, and ſome Lunar; [...]

1631, Francis [Bacon], “V. Century. [Experiments in Consort Touching the Sympathy and Antipathy of Plants.]”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC, paragraph 493, page 122:

(chiefly historical) (Believed to be) influenced by the Moon, as in character, growth, or properties.

lunaarinen

(believed to be) influenced by the Moon or the moon of another planet

On the Poison of Serpents. By W. Boag, Esq. [...] Supposing the fatal effect [of a snakebite] to be produced by the sudden subtraction of oxygen from the blood, this gentleman recommends, by way of antidote, the employment of those substances which contain oxygen in its greatest abundance, and part with it with the greatest facility; and, as lunar caustic [silver nitrate] possesses these properties in a singular degree, he concludes that no medicine is better calculated to resist the effects of the poison of serpents.

1805 April, “Art. V. Asiatic Researches, Vols. VI. and VII. …”, in The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal, Enlarged, volume XLVI, London: Printed by Strahan and Preston, […]; and sold by T[homas] Becket, […], published 1794, →OCLC, page 379:

(alchemy, chemistry, historical) Of or pertaining to silver (which was symbolically associated with the Moon by alchemists).

Several initial experimental firings of the various stages of Saturn V into earth orbit will precede the planned lunar flight. The astronauts will practice rendezvous techniques in the earth's orbit. [...] Before they reach the moon the astronauts will have another difficult maneuver to perform—turning their command module around so that its nose is attached to the top of the lunar excursion module. Two of the crew members will transfer from the command module to the lunar excursion module.

1963, L. L. Waite, “How We will Get to the Moon: Excerpt from a Speech by L. L. Waite, Senior Vice President, North American Aviation, Inc., before the Electronic Analysts of Boston”, in Skyline, volume 21, number 2, Pittsburgh, Pa.: North American Aviation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 20:

(astronomy) Of or pertaining to travel through space between the Earth and the Moon, or exploration and scientific investigation of the Moon.

kuu-

of or pertaining to travel though space between the Earth and the Moon, or exploration and scientific investigation of the Moon


lunar

[Y]oung beginners cannot be too often cautioned that a single lunar is of little or no value until the observer knows the usual difference between his lunars taken on opposite sides of the moon; and these should be taken with the same instrument, using the same screens and telescope, for he must remember that they may be expected to differ. My star lunars differ from three to four minutes, or say fifty miles of longitude; my sun lunars from one to two minutes, or say twenty minutes of longitude.

1859 October, Henry Toynbee, “A Few More Words on Lunars”, in The Nautical Magazine and Naval Chronicle: A Journal of Papers on Subjects Connected with Maritime Affairs, volume XXVIII, number 10, London: Simpkin, Marshall and Co. […]; and J. D. Potter, […], →OCLC, page 511:

With cheap quartz watches (several, for reliability) we can do all the modern celestial navigation we could want. But learning and practicing lunars gives us deeper insight into celestial navigation; an appreciation for their historical importance and difficulty; and perhaps most significant of all, after conquering lunars we can appreciate the great convenience of St. Hilaire sights and modern quartz watches. Moreover, in the rare event of losing UT, with lunars and only a poor watch we can still be confident of finding our longitude at sea (well, OK, to within 30′).

2007, John Karl, “Lunar Distance Sights”, in Celestial Navigation in the GPS Age, Arcata, Calif.: Paradise Cay Publications; Wichita, Kan.: Celestaire, →ISBN, pages 96–97:

(nautical, navigation) An observation of a lunar distance (“the angle between the Moon and another celestial body”), especially for establishing the longitude of a ship at sea.


dawn

en-verb

dawn (third-person singular simple present dawns, present participle dawning, simple past and past participle dawned)

dawns (present singular third-person)
dawning (participle present)
dawned (participle past)
dawned (past)

Back-formation of dawning. (If the noun rather than the verb is primary, the noun could directly continue dawing.) Compare daw (“to dawn”).

A new day dawns.

In the end of the Sabbath, as it began to dawn toward the first day of the week, came Mary Magdalene[…]to see the sepulchre.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew xxviii:1:

(intransitive) To begin to brighten with daylight.


mint

From Middle English mynt, münet (“money, coin”), from Old English mynet (“coin”), from late Proto-West Germanic *munit, from Latin monēta (“place for making coins, coined money”), from the temple of Juno Moneta (named for Monēta mother of the Muses), where coins were made. Doublet of money and manat. The verb is from the noun; Old English mynetian (“to mint”) is a parallel formation.

der

(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, slang) Attractive; beautiful; handsome.


mint

en-noun

mint (countable and uncountable, plural mints)

From Middle English mynte, from Old English minte (“mint plant”), from Proto-West Germanic *mintā (“mint”), from Latin menta, probably from a lost Mediterranean language either through Ancient Greek μίνθη (mínthē), μίνθα (míntha) or directly. Akin to Old Norse minta (“mint”). Doublet of mentha.

Any plant in the genus Mentha in the family Lamiaceae, typically aromatic with square stems.


PPV

PPV (countable and uncountable, plural PPVs)

positive pressure ventilation
positive pressure ventilation#English

(medicine, firefighting) Abbreviation of positive pressure ventilation.

(countable, by extension) A positive pressure ventilation machine, a PPV device

HFPPV

high frequency positive pressure ventilation

IPPV

intermittent positive pressure ventilation

NPPV

noninvasive positive pressure ventilation

NiPPV

non-invasive positive pressure ventilation


grue

Blue–green distinction in language
New riddle of induction

Blend of green + blue. The philosophy sense was coined by American philosopher Nelson Goodman in 1955 to illustrate concepts in the philosophy of science. The linguistic sense was coined by American linguist Paul Kay in 1975 as a translation from languages such as Welsh that have a basic cover term that covers both the hues called "green" and "blue" in English.

coinage

(linguistics) Of a single color inclusive of both green and blue as different shades, used in translations from languages such as Old Welsh and Old Chinese that lacked a distinction between green and blue.

𑚝𑚯𑚥𑚭

linguistics: green or blue in languages that do not distinguish the two colors