raven

en-noun

raven (countable and uncountable, plural ravens)

From Middle English raven, reven, from Old English hræfn, from Proto-West Germanic *hrabn, from Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz (“raven”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱrep-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“to croak, crow”).

der

raven:

A lone man walks the shores of Nantucket; his noble form is slightly bent, and with the raven of his hair is blended the faintest tinge of gray, though he is evidently a man to whom the meridian of life is yet far in the distance […]

1859, Ferna Vale, Natalie; or, A Gem Among the Sea-Weeds:


raven

raven curls; raven darkness

She was a tall, sophisticated, raven-haired beauty.


brown

en-noun

brown (countable and uncountable, plural browns)

Bislama: braon

Tok Pisin: braun

→ Welsh: brown

→ Tongan: palauni

From Middle English broun, from Old English brūn (“brown; dark; dusky”), from Proto-West Germanic *brūn, from Proto-Germanic *brūnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH-. Doublet of bruin.
Cognates
* Dutch bruin
* German braun
* Ancient Greek φρύνη (phrúnē), φρῦνος (phrûnos, “toad”)
* Latin brunneus (“brown”)
* Lithuanian bė́ras (“brown”)
* Sanskrit बभ्रु (babhrú, “reddish-brown”)
* West Frisian brún

heinäperhonen

nymphalid butterfly of subfamily Satyrinae

Many browns and blacks are immigrants — some of whom have not yet become naturalized citizens of the United States.

2005, Kristen A. Myers, Racetalk: Racism Hiding in Plain Sight:

(sometimes capitalised, countable, informal, ethnic slur) A person of Latino, Middle Eastern or South Asian descent; a brown-skinned person; someone of mulatto, or biracial appearance.


brown

en-adj

brown (comparative browner or more brown, superlative brownest or most brown)

browner (comparative)
more brown (comparative)
brownest (superlative)
most brown (superlative)

American Sign Language: B@Cheek-PalmForward B@Jaw-PalmForward

Reminds me of the time they asked me and a group of other Latino, predominantly Mexican, friends for our passports when we tried to go to their [expletive] party a little over a year ago.[…]
The saddest part is that I don’t think they understand why it’s insulting to ask a brown person for a passport.

2015 November 2 [2014], Susan Svrluga, quoting Ivonne Gonzalez, “Students accuse Yale SAE fraternity brother of saying ‘white girls only’ at party door”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-11-03, Grade Point:

(sometimes capitalized) Of or relating to any of various ethnic groups having dark pigmentation of the skin.

I think they sort of realized like, oh, we have Aasif who is a Muslim, an American, brown person, you know, who can sit on that fence between cultures and sort of talk about what it is--what this is from the perspective of being an insider and an outsider at the same time.[…]
I think there is in the sort of South Asian, you know, psyche, a kind of adoration of Western ideals and culture that was sort of implanted into us by the British, you know, and this idea that everything that is Western is superior and better than what we have and what India--you know, what is true to our own culture.

2021 September 9, Aasif Mandvi, quotee, “Transcript: Race in America: Giving Voice with Aasif Mandvi”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-25:

(of Asians) South Asian or sometimes Middle Eastern or North African


month

en-noun

month (plural months or (UK colloquial) month)

months (plural)
month (UK colloquial plural)
moneth (alternative)

From Middle English month, moneth, from Old English mōnaþ (“month”), from Proto-West Germanic *mānōþ, from Proto-Germanic *mēnōþs (“month”), from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s (“moon, month”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”), referring to the moon's phases as the measure of time, equivalent to moon + -th.
Cognate with Scots moneth (“month”); North Frisian muunt (“month”); Saterland Frisian Mound (“month”), Dutch maand (“month”); German Low German Maand, Monat (“month”); German Monat (“month”); Danish and Norwegian Bokmål måned (“month”); Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish månad (“month”); Icelandic mánuði (“month”); Latin mēnsis (“month”); Ancient Greek μήν (mḗn); Armenian ամիս (amis); Old Irish mí; Old Church Slavonic мѣсѧць (měsęcĭ). See also moon.

der

pinch and a punch for the first of the month

July is my favourite month.

Economics is a messy discipline: too fluid to be a science, too rigorous to be an art. Perhaps it is fitting that economists’ most-used metric, gross domestic product (GDP), is a tangle too. GDP measures the total value of output in an economic territory. Its apparent simplicity explains why it is scrutinised down to tenths of a percentage point every month.

2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:

A period into which a year is divided, historically based on the phases of the moon.


pumpkin

en-noun

pumpkin (countable and uncountable, plural pumpkins)

Tok Pisin: pamkin

→ Big Nambas: pavkin

→ Irish: puimcín

→ Japanese: パンプキン (panpukin)

→ Marshallese: baan̄ke

→ Scottish Gaelic: puimcean

Alteration of pompion, pumpion (“pumpkin”) with the diminutive -kin, from Middle French pompon, from Latin pepō (whence English pepo), from Ancient Greek πέπων (pépōn, “large melon”), from πέπων (pépōn, “ripe”), from πέπτω (péptō, “ripen”).
The alternative theory that it may be from Massachusett pôhpukun (“grows forth round”) is false.

noncog

Nevertheless, the comprehensive comparative analysis of pumpkin viromes across various geographic regions by NGS remains deficient.

2023 August 7, Batchimeg Togoobat, Nan Wu, Xifeng Wang, Mengji Cao, Zhongtian Xu, “Viromic approach reveals differences in the composition, diversity and relative abundance of pumpkin viruses across main growing regions of China”, in Virology, volume 585, →DOI, pages 61-71:

Cucurbita pepo
Cucurbita pepo#Translingual

A domesticated plant, in species Cucurbita pepo, similar in growth pattern, foliage, flower, and fruit to the squash or melon.


ablaze

en-adv

ablaze (comparative more ablaze, superlative most ablaze)

more ablaze (comparative)
most ablaze (superlative)

[…] with the spontaneous combustion the house smouldered ablaze.

1969, Ray Bradbury, “The Haunting of the New”, in I Sing the Body Electric!, New York: Knopf, page 143:

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press


bone

en-noun

bone (countable and uncountable, plural bones)

bones (plural)
bane (alternative)
byen (alternative)

From Middle English bon, from Old English bān (“bone, tusk; the bone of a limb”), from Proto-Germanic *bainą (“bone”), from *bainaz (“straight”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike, beat”).
Cognate with Scots bane, been, bean, bein, bain (“bone”), North Frisian bien (“bone”), West Frisian bien (“bone”), Dutch been (“bone; leg”), German Low German Been, Bein (“bone”), German Bein (“leg”), German Gebein (“bones”), Swedish ben (“bone; leg”), Norwegian and Icelandic bein (“bone”), Breton benañ (“to cut, hew”), Latin perfinēs (“break through, break into pieces, shatter”), Avestan 𐬠𐬫𐬈𐬥𐬙𐬈 (byente, “they fight, hit”). Related also to Old Norse beinn (“straight, right, favourable, advantageous, convenient, friendly, fair, keen”) (whence Middle English bain, bayne, bayn, beyn (“direct, prompt”), Scots bein, bien (“in good condition, pleasant, well-to-do, cosy, well-stocked, pleasant, keen”)), Icelandic beinn (“straight, direct, hospitable”), Norwegian bein (“straight, direct, easy to deal with”). See bain, bein.

cog

sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me

what's bred in the bone will come out in the flesh

bone:

An off-white colour, like the colour of bone.


bone

Of an off-white colour, like the colour of bone.


acajou

en-noun

acajou (countable and uncountable, plural acajous)

/ˈæ.kəˌd͡ʒu/

Borrowed from French acajou (“cashew”), from Old Tupi akaîu. Doublet of cashew.

acajou:

A moderate reddish brown that is slightly yellower and stronger than mahogany.


accend

en-verb

accend (third-person singular simple present accends, present participle accending, simple past and past participle accended)

accends (present singular third-person)
accending (participle present)
accended (participle past)
accended (past)

From Middle English accenden, from Latin accendere (“to kindle”), formed from ad- + candere (“to shine”).

(transitive, obsolete) To set on fire; to kindle.


outer space

[ˌaʊ̯tə ˈspɛɪ̯s]

[ˌaʊ̯ɾɚ ˈspeɪ̯s]

outer space (Pantone):

outer space (Crayola):


orange

en-noun

orange (countable and uncountable, plural oranges)

→ Esperanto: oranĝo

→ Japanese: オレンジ (orenji)

desc

→ Kashubian: orendż (Canada, United States)

→ Korean: 오렌지 (orenji)

→ Makah: ʔo·linčas

→ Malay: oren

→ Marshallese: oran

Etymology tree
Doric Greek μῆλον (mêlon)bor.?
Latin mālum
Italian mela
Proto-Mon-Khmer *lŋaamder.?
Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga)bor.
Persian نارنگbor.
Italian arancio
Italian arancia
Old Italian melaranciacalq.
Old French Orengeinflu.
Classical Persian نَارَنْگ (nārang)bor.
Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj)bor.
Old Occitan auranjainflu.
Old French pomme d'orenge
Old French orenge
Middle French orangebor.
Middle English orenge
English orange
Inherited from Middle English orenge, orange, from Old French pome orenge (“fruit orange”), influenced by the place name Orange (which is from Gaulish and unrelated to the word for the fruit and color) and by Old Occitan auranja and calqued from Old Italian melarancio, melarancia, compound of mela (“apple”) and un'arancia (“an orange”), from Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj), from Early Classical Persian نَارَنْگْ (nārang), from Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga, “orange tree”), ultimately from Dravidian. Compare Tamil நாரங்காய் (nāraṅkāy), compound of நாரம் (nāram, “water”) and காய் (kāy, “fruit”); also Telugu నారంగము, నారింజ (nāraṅgamu, nāriñja), Malayalam നാരങ്ങ (nāraṅṅa), Kannada ನಾರಂಗಿ (nāraṅgi)).
Originally borrowed as the surname (derived from the place name) in the 13th century, before the sense of the fruit was imported in the late 14th century and the color in 1510. In the color sense, largely displaced ġeolurēad, whence yellow-red.

cog

Tamil நாரங்காய் (nāraṅkāy)

నారంగము, నారింజ

橘子

technically "tangerine", but often used as "orange"

there's more than one way to peel an orange

Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensis#Translingual

(countable) An evergreen tree of the genus Citrus such as Citrus sinensis which yields oranges (the fruit).

(countable) Any round citrus fruit with a yellow-red colour when ripe and a sour-sweet taste; the fruit of the orange tree.

(countable) Specifically, a sweet orange or Citrus sinensis.

orange:

(uncountable) The colour of a ripe fruit of an orange tree, midway between red and yellow.


orange

en-adj

orange (comparative oranger or more orange, superlative orangest or most orange)

oranger (comparative)
more orange (comparative)
orangest (superlative)
most orange (superlative)

cog

Tamil நாரங்காய் (nāraṅkāy)

నారంగము, నారింజ

Having the colour of the fruit of an orange tree; yellowred; reddish-yellow.

ɔrenge

having the colour of the fruit of an orange tree


star

Sranan Tongo: stari
Aukan: sitali

→ Finnish: stara

→ French: star

→ German: Star

→ Italian: star

→ Swahili: staa

From Middle English sterre, from Old English steorra (“star”), from Proto-West Germanic *sterrō, variant of *sternō, from Proto-Germanic *sternô, *sternǭ (“star”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”). Doublet of aster, stella, étoile, and estoile.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots starn, ster, North Frisian steer, West Frisian stjer, Saterland Frisian Stiern, Dutch ster, Luxembourgish Stär, German Stern, Yiddish שטערן (shtern), Vilamovian śtaom, Swedish stjärna, Norwegian stjerne, Icelandic stjarna, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 (stairnō), Spanish estrella, Portuguese estrela, French étoile, Italian stella, Romanian stea, Occitan estela, Venetan stéła, Sicilian stidda, Sardinian isteddu, Mirandese streilha, Walloon sitoele, Romansch staila, Megleno-Romanian steau̯ă, Istriot stila, Istro-Romanian ste, Latin stēlla, Greek αστέρι (astéri), Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr), Old Armenian աստղ (astł), Persian ستاره (setâre), Tajik ситора (sitora), Pashto ستوری (storay), Mazanderani اساره (ëssâre), Northern Kurdish stêr, Central Kurdish ئەستێرە (estêre), Zazaki astare, Ossetian стъалы (st’aly), Hindi तारा (tārā), Urdu تارا (tārā), Punjabi ਤਾਰਾ (tārā), Gujarati તારો (tāro), Sanskrit तारा (tārā).

аеҵǝа

a celestial body appearing as a point of light on the clear night sky, whose position is relatively fixed with respect to each other

A simple dance, or part of a dance, where a group of four dancers each put their right or left hand in the middle and turn around in a circle. You call them right-hand stars or left-hand stars, depending on the hand which is in the middle.

[…]on whom […] / Lavish Honour shower’d all her stars,[…]

1852, Alfred Tennyson, “Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington”, in Maud, and Other Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, stanza 8, page 132:

A star-shaped ornament worn on the breast to indicate rank or honour.

single point of failure
single point of failure

(networking) A network topology with multiple computers individually merging to one central switch, thus free of risk of collisions. A single point of failure can occur if the switch experiences corruption.


lightspeed

en-noun

lightspeed (countable and uncountable, plural lightspeeds)

lightspeeds (plural)
light speed (alternative)

If we're going to a world a hundred light-years from here at near lightspeed, we spend according to our own perceptions, only a few minutes doing so and arrive only a few minutes older.

1994, Ursula K. Le Guin, A Fisherman of the Inland Sea, Victor Gollancz (UK), published 1996, →ISBN, page 7:

He paused, then finished, “with the drive from the Linz, he can do over 500 lightspeeds to meet us.

2005, W. Strawn Douglas, Oracle And Other Stories, page 134:

The speed of light (in vacuum unless another medium is specified).


fortnight

fortnights (plural)
fortnith (alternative)

From Middle English fourtenyght, fourtene nyght, from Old English fēowertīene niht (literally “fourteen nights"; the Anglo-Saxons counted by nights), equivalent to fourteen + night. Compare sennight.

Near-synonym: halfmonth

On being kicked the girl fell desperately in love with Henri, and for a fortnight they lived together and spent a thousand francs of Henri's money.

1933 January 9, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter I, in Down and Out in Paris and London, London: Victor Gollancz […], →OCLC:

The “lame duck” Johnson Administration, in its final fortnight in office, grappled last week with a diplomatic hot potato in the form of the latest Soviet proposal for a “just and lasting” Middle East peace settlement.

1969 January 12, Benjamin Welles, “A Hot Potato for Nixon”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(chiefly UK, Ireland, Commonwealth, dated in North America) A period of 2 weeks.


FBI

→ Arabic: إِف بِي أَي (ʔif bī ʔay)

→ Bulgarian: ФБР (FBR)

→ Dutch: FBI

→ French: FBI

→ Galician: FBI

desc

→ Hindi: एफ़ बी आई (ef bī āī)

→ Hindi: एफ़ बी आई (ef bī āī)

→ Indonesian: FBI

→ Japanese: エフ・ビー・アイ

→ Japanese: エフ・ビー・アイ

→ Marathi: एफ्.बी.आय्. (eph.bī.āy.)

→ Persian: افبیآی

→ Portuguese: FBI

→ Romanian: FBI

→ Russian: ФБР (FBR)

→ Thai: เอฟบีไอ

→ Thai: เอฟบีไอ

(Australia, weather, firefighting) fire behaviour index


sun

the sun (canonical)
Sun (alternative)
sonne (alternative)
sunne (alternative)

From Middle English sonne, sunne, from Old English sunne, from Proto-West Germanic *sunnā, from Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ, from heteroclitic inanimate Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wen-, oblique of Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”). See also Saterland Frisian Sunne, West Frisian sinne, German Low German Sünn, Dutch zon, German Sonne, Icelandic sunna; outside of Germanic, Welsh huan, Sanskrit स्वर् (svàr), Avestan 𐬓𐬇𐬧𐬔 (xᵛə̄ṇg)). Related to sol, Sol, Surya, and Helios. More at solar.

And the cite hath no nede of the ſunne nether of the mone to lyghten hit. For the bꝛynghtnes off God dyd light hitt: and the lambe was the light off hit.

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, The Revelacion off Sanct Jhon the Devine xxj:[23], folio cccxlij, recto:

"I suppose I may have leave to do that!" Yes, she could do that, he said, but there was no road to that place; it lay east of the sun and west of the moon, and she could never find her way there.

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 233:

'Twas early June, the new grass was flourishing everywheres, the posies in the yard—peonies and such—in full bloom, the sun was shining, and the water of the bay was blue, with light green streaks where the shoal showed.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter I, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

The star that Earth revolves around, and from which it receives light and heat.

𖼐𖽑𖽪𖾐

the star around which the Earth revolves — see also Sun

sol

almost always in the determinative, "solen"

天道

てぃーだ, tīda, てぃーら, tīra


sun

en-noun

sun (countable and uncountable, plural suns)

suns (plural)
Sun (alternative)
sonne (alternative)
sunne (alternative)

sure as the sun is going to come up tomorrow morning

sure as the sun is going to rise tomorrow morning

think the sun shines out of someone's arse

think the sun shines out of someone's ass

think the sun shines out of someone's backside

think the sun shines out of someone's butt

Because Haestrom's sun has overwhelmed the planet's protective magnetosphere, humans foolhardy enough to venture into geth-controlled Haestrom must exercise extreme caution. Minutes of radiation exposure will overload shields and hours of exposure will kill.

2010, BioWare, Mass Effect 2 (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Haestrom Codex entry:

(astronomy) A star, especially when seen as the centre of any single solar system.

𖼐𖽑𖽪𖾐

a star, especially when seen as the centre of any single solar system

(cartomancy) The thirty-first Lenormand card.


sun

en-verb

sun (third-person singular simple present suns, present participle sunning, simple past and past participle sunned)

suns (present singular third-person)
sunning (participle present)
sunned (participle past)
sunned (past)
Sun (alternative)
sonne (alternative)
sunne (alternative)

alternative medicine
alternative medicine

(intransitive, alternative medicine) To expose the eyes to the sun as part of the Bates method.


LED

The area already has plenty of loud billboards and klieg lights that have drawn complaints from some neighborhood groups, so the city is concerned about anything billboardesque. Mr. Astani’s application to build the LED panels is undergoing an environmental review by city planning officials.

2008 May 21, Rebecca Cathcart, “A Developer’s Unusual Plan for Bright Lights, Inspired by a Dark Film”, in The New York Times:

The light-emitting capacity of an LED is measured in megacandela [recte millicandelas] or mcd. Small commercial LEDs range from 10 to about 5000 mcd.

2012, Julio Sanchez, Maria P. Canton, Embedded Systems Circuits and Programming, →ISBN, page 12:

light-emitting diode
light-emitting diode#English


apple

qualifier

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">apples</i>

→ Abenaki: aples (< apples)

→ Arikara: ápos (< apples)

→ Assamese: আপেল (apel)

→ Bengali: আপেল (apel)

→ Dhivehi: އާފަލު (āfalu)

→ East Futuna: apo

→ Fijian: yapolo

→ Fiji Hindi: aapul

→ Finnish: äpyli

→ Malay: epal (Malaysia)

→ Malayalam: ആപ്പിൾ (āppiḷ)

→ Maori: āporo

→ Marshallese: abōļ

→ Sinhalese: ඇපල් (æpal)

→ Sotho: apole

Sylheti: ꠀꠄꠚꠟ (aefól)

→ Tamil: ஆப்பிள் (āppiḷ)

→ Telugu: ఆపిల్ (āpil)

desc

→ Thai: แอปเปิล (ɛ́p-bpə̂n)

→ Thai: แอปเปิล (ɛ́p-bpə̂n)

→ Tokelauan: apu

→ Tok Pisin: apel

→ Yurok: 'erplers (< apples)

Book of Genesis
Frans Floris
Malmö Art Museum
The Fall of Man

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl
Proto-Germanic *aplaz
Proto-West Germanic *applu
Old English æppel
Middle English appel
English apple
The noun is derived from Middle English appel (“Malus domestica fruit or tree, apple; any type of fruit, nut, or tuber; tree bearing fruit; (figurative) ball, sphere; (Christianity) forbidden fruit in Eden”), from Old English æppel (“apple; any type of fruit; (figurative) ball, sphere; eyeball”), from Proto-West Germanic *applu (“apple; any type of fruit”), from Proto-Germanic *aplaz (“apple; any type of fruit”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl, *h₂ébl̥ (“apple”).
As regards sense 1.4 (“forbidden fruit”), the type of fruit eaten by Adam and Eve is not identified in the Book of Genesis in the Bible. It may have come to be identified with the apple because of the similarity between Latin mālum (“apple”) and malum (“evil; misery, torment; wrongdoing”).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Cognates
Cognate with Danish æble, Dutch appel, German Apfel, Irish úll, Lithuanian óbuolỹs, Russian я́блоко (jábloko), Scots aipple, Swedish äpple, Welsh afal, West Frisian apel, possibly Ancient Greek ἄμπελος (ámpelos, “vine”).

ref

From the collection of the Malmö Art Museum in Malmö, Scania, Sweden.

omena

something which resembles the fruit of Malus domestica

the apple doesn't fall far from the tree

the apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest

apple:

Malus domestica
Malus domestica#Translingual

A common, firm, round fruit produced by a tree of the genus Malus.

Something which resembles the fruit of Malus domestica (sense 1.1) in shape (such as a ball, breast, or globe) or colour.

Short for apple-green (“a bright green colour with a light tint of yellow, like that of a Granny Smith apple”).

apple-green

Him [man] by fraud I [Satan] have ſeduc'd / From his Creator, and the more to increaſe / Your vvonder, vvith an Apple; […]

1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, signature [Ll4], recto, lines 485–487:

I read and re-read her letter, and some softened feelings stole into my heart, and dared to whisper paradisiacal dreams of love and joy; but the apple was already eaten, and the angel's arm bared to drive me from all hope.

1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter V, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume III, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 102:

Yes, of all human follies, love, / Methinks, hath served me best. / The Apple had done but little for me / If Eve had not done the rest.

1829, Robert Southey, “All for Love, or A Sinner Well Saved. Canto II.”, in All for Love; and The Pilgrim to Compostela, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 20:

Yes, fair Eve, just as Adam ate the apple, so beware!

1871, Harriet Beecher Stowe, “Congratulations, etc.”, in My Wife and I: Or, Harry Henderson’s History, New York, N.Y.: J. B. Ford and Company, →OCLC, page 399:

Yes mam. Woman ate the apple, and discovered sex, and lost all shame, and lift^([sic]) up her fig-leaf, and she must suffer the pains of hell. Monthly.

1975 (date written), Barry Reckord, “White Witch”, in For the Reckord: A Collection of Three Plays, London: Oberon Books, published 2010, →ISBN:

Sharon you've got a husband / And a family and a farm / I've got the apple of temptation / And a diamond snake around my arm

1976, Joni Mitchell (lyrics and music), “Song for Sharon”, in Hejira, Los Angeles, Calif.: Asylum Records, →OCLC:

(Christianity) According to postbiblical Christian tradition, the fruit of the tree of knowledge which was eaten by Adam and Eve despite God commanding them not to do so; the forbidden fruit.


company

en-noun

company (countable and uncountable, plural companies)

companies (plural)
companie (alternative)

→ Hindi: कंपनी (kampnī)

desc

→ Hokkien: 公班衙 (kong-pan-gêe / kong-pan-gê)

→ Malay: kompeni

→ Scottish Gaelic: companaidh

→ Swahili: kampuni

From Middle English companye (“a team; companionship”), from Old French compaignie (“companionship”) (Modern French: compagnie), possibly from Late Latin *compania, but this word is not attested. Old French compaignie is equivalent to Old French compaignon (Modern French: compagnon) + -ie. More at companion.
Displaced native Old English werod, gefer, getæl, and hired.

inh

who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl

you don't dip your pen in company ink

don't fish off the company dock, you don't dip your pen in the company inkwell, you don't fish off the company pier

As he had worked for the CIA for over 30 years, he would soon take retirement from the company.

A team; a group of people who work together professionally.

(espionage, informal) An intelligence service.


night

en-noun

night (countable and uncountable, plural nights)

→ Pijin: naet

→ Korean: 나이트 (naiteu)

From Middle English nighte, night, nyght, niȝt, naht, from Old English niht, from Proto-West Germanic *naht (“night”), from Proto-Germanic *nahts (“night”), from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts (“night”).
Cognate with Scots nicht, neicht (“night”), West Frisian nacht (“night”), Dutch nacht (“night”), Low German Nacht (“night”), German Nacht (“night”), Danish nat (“night”), Swedish and Norwegian natt (“night”), Faroese nátt (“night”), Icelandic nótt (“night”), Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 (nahts, “night”), Greek νύχτα (nýchta, “night”), Russian ночь (nočʹ, “night”), Sanskrit नक्त (naktá), नक्ति (nákti, “night”), and Latin nox (“night”), whence English nox, a doublet.

(law, countable) A period of time often defined in the legal system as beginning 30 minutes after sunset, and ending 30 minutes before sunrise.

գիշեր

quality of sleep obtained during a night

from noon till night

The cat disappeared into the night.

(uncountable) Darkness (due to it being nighttime).


night

Night, y'all! Thanks for a great evening!


Jupiter

From Latin Iūpiter (“father Jove”), from Proto-Italic *djous patēr (literally “sky father”) (cognate with Ancient Greek Ζεῦ πάτερ (Zeû páter, “father Zeus”)), from *djous (“day, sky”) + *patēr (“father”), from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (literally “the bright one”), from *dyew- (“to be bright, day sky”), and *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Doublet of Dyaus Pita.

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Mercury · Venus · Earth · Mars · Jupiter · Saturn · Uranus · Neptune [edit]

5. Jupiter, a Mace of Majestry in Bend Sol.

1693, Richard Blome, The Art of Heraldry, in two parts ... second edition ..., pages 76-77:

George [...] 2d. Jupiter, three Fleurs de Lis Sol, for the Arms of France. 3d. Jupiter, an Irish Harp Sol, stringed Luna, for Ireland.

1718, Samuel Kent, The Grammar of Heraldry … Second Edition:

8. Tierce in Mantle, first Mars, two Lions passant-guardant in pale, Sol, for Brunswick; 2d Sol, Semi of Hearts proper, a Lion rampant Jupiter, for Lunenburgh; 3d, ente en Point, Mars, an Horse currant Luna, for Saxony. Note, these Ensigns (which are the paternal Coat of his Majesty King George) I have added as an Example, to shew the Form of what foreign Heralds term Tierce in Mantle, ente en Pointe, &c. […]

1735, Francis Nichols, The Irish Compendium … vol. III of the British Compendium, second edition, page 80:

ARMS. QUARTERLY, in the first grand Quarter Mars, three Lions passant-guardant in Pale, Sol; the Imperial Ensigns of England, impaled with the Royal Arms of Scotland, which are Sol, a Lion rampant within a double Tressure flower'd and counterflower'd with Fleurs-de-lis, Mars. The second Quarter is the Royal Arms of France, viz. Jupiter, three Fleurs-de-lis, Sol. The third, the Ensign of Ireland, which is, Jupiter, an Harp Sol, stringed Luna.

1737, Benjamin Martin, Bibliotheca Technologica: Or, a Philological Library, page 631:

(heraldry, rare) Azure (blue), in the postmedieval practice of blazoning the tinctures of certain sovereigns' (especially British monarchs') coats as planets.


Bermuda

Named after Juan de Bermúdez (1450–c. 1520), Spanish navigator. See Bermúdez.

named-after

Sir Thomas Gates was appointed Lieutenant Generall ; Sir George Sommers Admirall of Virginia and were ſent to reſide there as Gouernours of the Colonie. But the Sea Venture, wherein the two Knights, and Captaine Newport, with a hundred and fiftie perſons ſayled, after long conflict with the two angrie Elements, was ſent to be impriſoned in Bermuda, where betweene two Rocks the Ship ſplit, the people eſcaping to Land.

1613, Samuel Purchas, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes, volume I, London, →OCLC, page 632:

An archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the North Atlantic Ocean, 580 nautical miles (1074 kilometers) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.


ao

grue ("blue or green", considered one color)


absinthe

en-noun

absinthe (countable and uncountable, plural absinthes)

absinthes (plural)
absinth (alternative)

* (wormwood; figuratively bitterness, sorrow): From Middle English absinthe.
* (liquor): From Modern French absinthe.
Both from Middle French absinthe, from Latin absinthium, from Ancient Greek ἀψίνθιον (apsínthion, “wormwood”). Doublet of absinthium.

der

A moderate yellow green.
absinthe green:


banana

en-noun

banana (countable and uncountable, plural bananas)

Borrowed from Portuguese banana or Spanish banana, derived from a Niger-Congo language spoken in the Guinea region. Specific derivation is unclear. Possible ancestor or cognate languages include Wolof banaana, Eastern Maninkakan banana, and Vai ꕒꘌꕯ (ɓaana) or ꕒꕌꕯ (ɓaana). However, Ay Baati Wolof (Munro & Gaye, 1997) posits that Wolof banaana is itself derived from Portuguese banana.
The racial slur derives from the notion that they are "Yellow (East-Asian) on the outside, White (Westernized) on the inside".

banánový (corresponding to English attributive use)

(corresponding to English attributive use) banánový

I'll need a few things. I'll need some mayonnaise and a silver tin of sardines, a banana.

2017, Sam Shepard, chapter 27, in Spy of the First Person, →ISBN, page 62:

An elongated curved tropical fruit of a banana plant, which grows in bunches and has a creamy flesh and a smooth skin.

(Canada, US, UK, Ireland) In particular, the sweet, yellow fruit of the Cavendish banana cultivar, which may be eaten raw, as distinct from e.g. a plantain for cooking.

(derogatory, ethnic slur) A person of East or Southeast Asian descent, considered to be overly assimilated and subservient to white authority.

banana equivalent dose
banana equivalent dose

(nuclear physics) A banana equivalent dose.


henna

henna (countable and uncountable, plural hennas)

→ Greek: χένα (chéna)

Borrowed from Arabic حِنَّاء (ḥinnāʔ), the name of the tree used to make the dye, probably from Middle Persian [script needed] (*hannāy-, “to smear, anoint”).

der

Lawsonia inermis
Lawsonia inermis#Translingual

(countable) A shrub, Lawsonia inermis, having fragrant reddish flowers

(countable, uncountable) A reddish plant substance, prepared from the dried leaves of this plant, used for temporary tattoos and hair coloring. Hair colorings range from bright red to earth brown to near black.

henna:

(countable and uncountable) A rich reddish-brown colour.


henna

en-verb

henna (third-person singular simple present hennas, present participle hennaing, simple past and past participle hennaed)

hennas (present singular third-person)
hennaing (participle present)
hennaed (participle past)
hennaed (past)

(transitive) To dye or tattoo with henna.


cherry

→ Bengali: চেরি (ceri)

→ Burmese: ချယ်ရီ (hkyairi)

→ Cantonese: 車厘子 /车厘子 (ce¹ lei⁴ zi²)

→ Hindi: चेरी (cerī)

→ Japanese: チェリー (cherī)

→ Kapampangan: tiéri

→ Korean: 체리 (cheri)

→ Malay: ceri

Indonesian: ceri

→ Maori: tiere

→ Punjabi: ਚੈਰੀ f (cairī)

→ Spanish: cherry

→ Swahili: cheri

→ Urdu: چیری (cerī)

→ Thai: เชอร์รี (chəə-rîi)

From Middle English chery, cherie, chirie, from Anglo-Norman cherise (mistaken as a plural) and Old English ċiris, ċirse (“cherry”), both ultimately from Vulgar Latin ceresia, derived from Late Latin ceresium, cerasium, from Ancient Greek κεράσιον (kerásion, “cherry fruit”), from κερασός (kerasós, “bird cherry”), and ultimately possibly of Anatolian origin (the intervocalic σ suggests a pre-Greek origin for the word). Doublet of cerise and kirsch.

dwarf cherry

P. fruticosa, P. pumila; Exocarpus strictus


beige

en-noun

beige (countable and uncountable, plural beiges)

Unadapted borrowing from French (dialectal) beige, from Old French bege (“color of undyed wool or cotton”), from an Alpine language (compare Franco-Provençal bézho, Romansch besch (“dull grey”)), from Vulgar Latin *bysseus (“cottony grey”) (compare French bis, Catalan bis, Italian bigio), from Late Latin byssus (“cotton”), from Ancient Greek βύσσος (bússos, “cotton homespun”), from Semitic (compare Hebrew/Aramaic בוץ (būṣ)). Doublet of bice.

der

beige:

A slightly yellowish gray colour, as that of unbleached wool.

Debeige; a kind of woollen or mixed dress goods.


beige

en-adj

beige (comparative beiger or more beige, superlative beigest or most beige)

beiger (comparative)
more beige (comparative)
beigest (superlative)
most beige (superlative)

Dagobert had only one customer, an American who wore square, rimless glasses and a beige suit and looked like a Wall Street tycoon.

1956, Delano Ames, chapter 24, in Crime out of Mind:

Mr. Lauwaert of Sony said he realized that most consumers were not going to buy computers that cost far more than discount beige boxes.

2006 November 23, Michel Marriott, “When Beige Won’t Do”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Having a slightly yellowish gray colour, as that of unbleached wool.

Think about it: he grew up in Iowa, the beigest of states, was doted on, loved generously by his parents, the top of his class, probably voted Most Handsome of 2000.

2007, Prairie L. Markussen, Cover, page 48:

In the beigest parts of suburbia where I grew up, bridge was a game played by groups of parents in recreation rooms furnished with upright pianos and souvenir sombreros.

2010, Gerald J. McCarthy, A Man of Substances:

For a meal of relentlessly beige food, may I suggest the beigest of wines? That would be chardonnay, which will go beautifully with Melissa Clark’s chicken potpie.

2013 March 25, Eric Asimov, “A Beige Wine for a Beige Meal”, in NYT Diner’s Journal Blog:

He has no criminal record. He has no traffic tickets. His social media posts are just like... he's beige.

2016, Penelope Garcia, “The Witness”, in Criminal Minds, season 11, episode 2:

(informal, originally US) Comfortably dull and unadventurous, in a way that suggests middle-class suburbia.


black

black (comparative blacker or more black, superlative blackest or most black)

blacker (comparative)
more black (comparative)
blackest (superlative)
most black (superlative)
blacke (alternative)
Black (alternative)
blk (alternative)
blak (alternative)

Bislama: blak

Sranan Tongo: blaka

Aukan: baaka

→ Caribbean Hindustani: blaaka

Tok Pisin: blak

Torres Strait Creole: blaik

→ Dutch: black

→ French: black

→ Greek: μπλάκης (blákis)

From Middle English blak, black, blake, from Old English blæc (“black, dark", also "ink”), from Proto-West Germanic *blak, from Proto-Germanic *blakaz (“burnt”) (compare Dutch blaken (“to burn”), Low German blak, black (“blackness, black paint, (black) ink”), Old High German blah (“black”)), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleg- (“to burn, shine”) (compare Latin flagrāre (“to burn”), Ancient Greek φλόξ (phlóx, “flame”), Sanskrit भर्ग (bharga, “radiance”)).
Sense 20 is a semantic loan from Cantonese 黑面 (hak1 min6, “to pull a long face, to scowl”).

sort

of coffee or tea, without milk or other whitener

(of a location or setting) Without light.

(sometimes capitalized) Belonging to or descended from any of various (African, Aboriginal, etc.) ethnic groups which typically have dark pigmentation of the skin. (See usage notes below.)

(US, UK, South Africa) Belonging to or descended from any of various sub-Saharan African ethnic groups which typically have dark pigmentation of the skin.


black

en-noun

black (countable and uncountable, plural blacks)

blacks (plural)
blacke (alternative)
Black (alternative)
blk (alternative)
blak (alternative)

→ Japanese: ブラック (burakku)

→ Volapük: bläg

black:

Black is the badge of hell, / The hue of dungeons, and the suit of night.

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Loues Labour’s Lost”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

(countable and uncountable) The colour/color perceived in the absence of light, but also when no light is reflected, but rather absorbed.

(countable, British) A type of firecracker that is really more dark brown in colour.


blue

en-adj

blue (comparative bluer or more blue, superlative bluest or most blue)

bluer (comparative)
more blue (comparative)
bluest (superlative)
most blue (superlative)
blew (alternative)
blewe (alternative)

conservative

antonym(s) of “pertaining to the US Democratic Party”

red

antonym(s) of “dominated by higher-frequency electromagnetic radiation”

antiblue

antonym(s) of “having blue as its colour charge”

Tok Pisin: blu

→ Fiji Hindi: bulu

→ Shona: bhuluu

→ Somali: buluug

→ Swahili: bluu, buluu

→ Tooro: bururu

From Middle English blewe, from Anglo-Norman blew (“blue”), from Middle French bleu, from Old French blöe, bleve, blef (“blue”), from Frankish *blāu (“blue”) (perhaps through a Late Latin blāvus, blāvius (“blue”) attested from Isidore of Seville), from Proto-Germanic *blēwaz (“blue, dark blue”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlēw- (“yellow, blond, grey”). Cognate with dialectal English blow (“blue”), Scots blue, blew (“blue”), North Frisian bla, blö (“blue”), Saterland Frisian blau (“blue”), Dutch blauw (“blue”), German blau (“blue”), Danish, Norwegian and Swedish blå (“blue”), Icelandic blár (“blue”), Latin flāvus (“yellow”), Middle Irish blá (“yellow”). Doublet of blow.
Possibly related also to English blee (“colour”), from Old English blēo (“colour”); but direct derivatives of Proto-Germanic *blēwaz (“blue, dark blue”) in Old English include: Old English blāw and blēo (“blue”), Old English blǣwen (“bluish, light-blue”), blǣhǣwen (“blue-coloured, bluish, violet or purple colour”, literally “blue-hued”). There seems to be a parallel connection in Germanic between words for blue and colour, dually exemplified by Proto-West Germanic *blīu (“colour, blee”) and *blāu (“blue”); and Proto-Germanic *hiwją (“colour, hue”) and *hēwijaz (“blue, purple”).
The sense "obscene, pornographic" is apparently from the colour; various theories exist as to how it arose, including that it is from the colour of the envelopes used to contain missives of the censors and managers to vaudevillian performers on objectionable material from their acts that needed to be excised.

belau

blue-coloured — see also dark blue, light blue

My hands were blue with cold.

The divers got them out of the car just in time – they were starting to turn blue.

Having a bluish or purplish shade to the skin due to a lack of oxygen to the normally deep-red red blood cells; cyanotic.

The candle burns blue.

(of a flame) Pale, without redness or glare.


gold

From Middle English gold, from Old English gold (“gold”), from Proto-West Germanic *golþ, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰl̥h₃tóm (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow; gleam; to shine”). Related to yellow; see there for more. Germanic cognates include Dutch goud, German Gold, Norwegian gull, Swedish guld, and cognates from other Indo-European languages include Latvian zelts, Russian зо́лото (zóloto), Persian زرد (zard, “yellow, golden”), Sanskrit हिरण्य (hiraṇya).

der

goud

anything or anyone considered to be very valuable

gold beetle

in families Chrysomelidae and Cassididae

goldfinny

Symphodus melops and Ctenolabrus rupestris


green

en-adj

green (comparative greener, superlative greenest)

greener (comparative)
greenest (superlative)

Bislama: grin

→ Marshallese: kūriin

Tok Pisin: grin

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *grōniz
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂
Proto-Germanic *-į̄
Proto-West Germanic *-ī
Proto-West Germanic *grōnī
Old English grēne
Middle English grene
English green
From Middle English grene, from Old English grēne, from Proto-West Germanic *grōnī, from Proto-Germanic *grōniz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow”). More at grow.
See also North Frisian green, West Frisian grien, Dutch groen, Low German grön, green, greun, German grün, Danish and Norwegian Nynorsk grøn, Swedish grön, Norwegian Bokmål grønn, Icelandic grænn.
The sense "obscene, pornographic, sexual" in the Philippines is from a calque of Spanish verde.

der

the grass is always greener on the other side of the road

The former flag of Libya is fully green.

The day was cool and snappy for August, and the Rise all green with a lavish nature. Now we plunged into a deep shade with the boughs lacing each other overhead, and crossed dainty, rustic bridges over the cold trout-streams, the boards giving back the clatter of our horses' feet:[…].

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter VIII, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

Of a green hue; with a hue which is of grass or leaves.

en:of a green party, environmentalism-oriented

(politics, sometimes capitalized) Of a green party, environmentalism-oriented.


green

en-noun

green (countable and uncountable, plural greens)

→⇒ Chinese: 果嶺 /果岭 (guǒlǐng)

→ Czech: green

→ Danish: green

→ Dutch: green

→ Finnish: griini

→ German: Green

→ Marshallese: kūriin

How have greens sought to map an ecologically and socially sustainable future for society?

2013, Joe Smith, What Do Greens Believe?, →ISBN, page 62:

en:member of a green party, environmentalist

(politics, sometimes capitalised) A member of a green party; an environmentalist.


grey

From Middle English grey, from Old English grǣġ, from Proto-Germanic *grēwaz (compare Dutch grauw, German grau, Old Norse grár), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₁- (“to green, to grow”) (compare Latin rāvus (“grey”), Old Church Slavonic зьрѭ (zĭrjǫ, “to see, to glance”), Russian зреть (zretʹ, “to watch, to look at”) (archaic), Lithuanian žeriù (“to shine”)).

cog

Woe worth the chase, woe worth the day, / That costs thy life, my gallant grey.

1810, Walter Scott, “(please specify the canto number or page)”, in The Lady of the Lake; […], Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne and Co.] for John Ballantyne and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, and William Miller, →OCLC, (please specify the stanza number):

Pioneer seemed now to have the game in his own hands; but the Captain, by taking two desperate leaps, cut off a corner, by which he regained the ground he had lost by the fall, and was up with the grey the remainder of the chase.

1833, Sporting Magazine, volume 6, page 400:

British and Commonwealth standard spelling of gray.


magenta

en-noun

magenta (countable and uncountable, plural magentas)

/məˈd͡ʒɛntə/

Borrowed from French magenta, from Italian Magenta, sometime after the colour was named after the town to celebrate the Franco-Italian victory at the Battle of Magenta in 1859; possibly in reference to the colour of the uniforms worn by Zouave French troops there. The town's name derives from Latin castrum Maxentiae (“castle of Maxentius”).

der

web magenta (additive magenta):

printer's magenta (subtractive magenta):

Prismacolor magenta:

Mrs Dibble's face blazed with a magenta uprush of blood at that ultimatum and she screamed, "You dare try to do me out of my gin too! You dare!"

1950, Norman Lindsay, Dust or Polish?, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 154:

A colour which is close to an equal mixture of red and blue which is an additive secondary colour but a subtractive primary colour evoked by the combination of red and blue light.


magenta

en-adj

magenta (comparative more magenta, superlative most magenta)

more magenta (comparative)
most magenta (superlative)

/məˈd͡ʒɛntə/

having the colour of fuchsia, fuchsine, light purple.


mauve

en-noun

mauve (countable and uncountable, plural mauves)

Borrowed from French mauve (“mallow”), from Latin malva, which has a purple colour. Doublet of mallow. Coined in 1856 by the chemist William Henry Perkin, when he accidentally created the first aniline dye.

mauveine:

old mauve:

(historical) A rich purple synthetic dye, which faded easily, briefly popular c. 1859‒1873 and now called mauveine.

mauve:

Never trust a woman who wears mauve, whatever her age may be, or a woman over thirty-five who is fond of pink ribbons.

1891, Oscar Wilde, chapter VIII, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC, page 151:

A pale purple or violet colour, like the colour of the dye after it has faded.


mauve

en-adj

mauve (comparative mauver or more mauve, superlative mauvest or most mauve)

mauver (comparative)
more mauve (comparative)
mauvest (superlative)
most mauve (superlative)

[A]long their time-marked walls wistaria threw patches of mauve blossom.

1936, F.J. Thwaites, chapter XXII, in The Redemption, Sydney: H. John Edwards, published 1940, page 222:


pink

en-noun

pink (countable and uncountable, plural pinks)

Origin uncertain; perhaps from Dutch pinken (“blink”) or the English verb pink from the same source. Perhaps from the notion of the petals being pinked.

A color reminiscent of pinks, the flowers.

Magenta, the colour evoked by red and blue light when combined.


purple

From Middle English purple, purpel, from Old English purpul (“purple”, adjective), taken from Old English purpure (“purple colour”, noun), from Latin purpura (“purple dye, shellfish”), from Ancient Greek πορφύρα (porphúra, “purple-fish”), perhaps of Semitic origin. Doublet of purpura and purpure.
The sense of "imperial power" is from the wearing of the color purple by emperors and kings.

der

Any of various species of mollusks from which Tyrian purple dye was obtained, especially the common dog whelk.


red

en-adj

red (comparative redder or more red, superlative reddest or most red)

redder (comparative)
more red (comparative)
reddest (superlative)
most red (superlative)

nonred

antonym(s) of “having red as its colour”

antired

antonym(s) of “having red as its colour charge”

From Middle English red, from Old English rēad, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from the root *h₁rewdʰ-.
Cognates
See also West Frisian read, Low German root, rood, rot, rod, Dutch rood, German rot, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål rød, Norwegian Nynorsk raud; also Welsh rhudd, Latin ruber, rufus, Tocharian A rtär, Tocharian B ratre, Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Albanian pruth (“redhead”), Russian ру́дый (rúdyj) ("red", "redhaired"). Czech rudý, Lithuanian raúdas, Finnish rauta, Estonian raud, Serbo-Croatian riđ ("reddish", "red"), Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬙𐬀 (raoidita), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá, “red, bloody”).

[T]he sun was shining on a happy crowd. It shone on white hats and red faces. It shone on ice lollies and melted them.

1982, Douglas Adams, Life, the Universe and Everything, page 23:

(of the skin) Having a redder hue than usual due to embarrassment, anger, sunburn, etc.; flushed.


red

en-noun

red (countable and uncountable, plural reds)

sekobarbitaali

slang: secobarbital — see also secobarbital

Coordinate term: pinko

(countable) A revolutionary socialist or (most commonly) a Communist; (usually capitalized) a Bolshevik, a supporter of the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War.

(Ireland, UK, beverages, informal) Red lemonade


silver

silver (countable and uncountable, plural silvers)

Jamaican Creole: silva

→ Maori: hiriwa

→ Zulu: isiliva

From Middle English silver, selver, sulver, from Old English seolfor, from Proto-West Germanic *silubr, from Proto-Germanic *silubrą (“silver”), of uncertain origin.
cognates and etymology discussion
Cognate with Scots siller (“silver”), Saterland Frisian Säälwer (“silver”), West Frisian sulver (“silver”), Dutch zilver (“silver”), German Low German Silver, Sülver (“silver”), German Silber (“silver”), Swedish silver (“silver”), Icelandic silfur (“silver”). The Germanic word has parallels in Baltic and Slavic (Old Church Slavonic сьрєбро (sĭrebro), Lithuanian sidabras), Celtic (Celtiberian silaPur-), and outside Indo-European, in Basque zilar and Proto-Berber *a-ẓrəf, but the ultimate origin of the word is unknown.
Adjective sense of twenty-fifth wedding anniversary generalized from silver wedding, from German Silberhochzeit, silberne Hochzeit.

արծաթեղեն

items made of silver or other white metal

(uncountable) A lustrous, white, metallic element, atomic number 47, atomic weight 107.87, symbol Ag.


violet

en-adj

violet (comparative violeter, superlative violetest)

violeter (comparative)
violetest (superlative)

Etymology tree
Latin viola
Old French -ette
Old French violettebor.
Middle English violet
English violet
Inherited from Middle English violet, vyolet, vyolette, from Old French violette, from Latin viola (“violet”). Cognate with Lithuanian violetinė (“purple, violet”) and Spanish violeta (“purple, violet”).


white

en-adj

white (comparative whiter or more white, superlative whitest or most white)

whiter (comparative)
more white (comparative)
whitest (superlative)
most white (superlative)
whight (alternative)
whyte (alternative)
whyght (alternative)
White (alternative)

Bislama: waet

Sranan Tongo: weti

Aukan: weti

Saramaccan: wéti

Tok Pisin: wait

→ Japanese: ホワイト (howaito)

white fella

⇒ Nyunga: wadjela

white gin

⇒ Gamilaraay: waatyin

⇒ Ngiyambaa: wadjiin

⇒ Wiradjuri: waajin

Inherited from Middle English whit, hwit, from Old English hwīt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwīt, from Proto-Germanic *hwītaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱweydós, a byform of *ḱweytós (“bright; shine”).
Cognates
* West Frisian wyt
*Dutch wit
* German weiß
* German weiss
* Norwegian Bokmål hvit
* Norwegian Nynorsk kvit
* Lithuanian šviẽsti (“to gleam”), šviesa (“light”)
* Old Church Slavonic свѣтъ (světŭ, “light”), свѣтьлъ (světĭlŭ, “clear, bright”)
* Persian سفید (sefid, “white”), Persian سپید (sepid, “white”)
* Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬀 (spaēta, “white”)
* Sanskrit श्वेत (śvetá, “white, bright”).

cog

(of a person or skin) Lacking coloration (tan) from ultraviolet light; not tanned.


white

en-noun

white (countable and uncountable, plural whites)

whites (plural)
whight (alternative)
whyte (alternative)
whyght (alternative)
White (alternative)

bělásek

common name for butterflies in the subfamily Pierinae

A bottle of red, a bottle of white / It all depends upon your appetite / I'll meet you any time you want / In our Italian Restaurant.

1977, “Scenes from an Italian Restaurant”, in Billy Joel (music), The Stranger:

Those were my first impressions of wine: Ladies drink chilled, soft white while they gossip in the kitchen; old men drink strong, room-temperature red to get shellacked.

2014, Maximillian Potter, Shadows in the Vineyard:

valkoinen

short form of white wine — see also white wine

(countable and uncountable) White coffee


yellow

en-adj

yellow (comparative yellower, superlative yellowest)

yellower (comparative)
yellowest (superlative)
yeallow (alternative)
yeller (alternative)

From Middle English yelwe, yelou, from Old English ġeolwe, oblique form of Old English ġeolu, from Proto-West Germanic *gelu, from Proto-Germanic *gelwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃wos, from *ǵʰelh₃- (“gleam, yellow”).
Compare Welsh gwelw (“pale”), Latin helvus (“dull yellow”), Irish geal (“white, bright”), Italian giallo (“yellow”) Lithuanian žalias (“green”), Ancient Greek χλωρός (khlōrós, “light green”), Persian زرد (zard, “yellow”), Sanskrit हरि (hari, “greenish-yellow”), Russian жёлтый (žóltyj, “yellow”), Russian зелёный (zeljónyj, “green”). Cognate with German gelb (“yellow”), Dutch geel (“yellow”).
The verb is from Old English ġeolwian, from the adjective.

cog

The denizens of the gossipy world of the pink press, purple prose and yellow tabloids are shivering over disputed photographs of Princess Caroline of Monaco.

2004 October 4, Doreen Carvajal, “Photo edict muffles gossipy press”, in International Herald Tribune, retrieved 2008-07-29:

(publishing, journalism) Characterized by sensationalism, lurid content, and doubtful accuracy.

They were all tall and all handsome, though they varied in their degree of darkness of skin, some being as dark as Mahomed, and some as yellow as a Chinese.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

(chiefly derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur, of the skin) Of a hue attributed to Far East Asians, especially the Chinese.

Imagine that awful being, and you have a mental picture of Dr. Fu-Manchu, the yellow peril incarnate in one man.

1913, Sax Rohmer, The Insidious Dr. Fu-Manchu:

The two youths, the brown and the yellow, faced each other at the cross-roads, under a dim street-lamp.

1959, Anthony Burgess, Beds in the East (The Malayan Trilogy), published 1972, page 516:

(chiefly derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur) Far East Asian (relating to Asian people).


yellow

yellows (plural)
yeallow (alternative)
yeller (alternative)

red

antonym(s) of “intermediate light in a set of three traffic lights”

yellow:

It is the strangest yellow, that wall-paper! It makes me think of all the yellow things I ever saw—not beautiful ones like buttercups, but old foul, bad yellow things.

1892, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper:

The color of sunflower petals and lemons; the color obtained by mixing green and red light, or by subtracting blue from white light.

Andrew Surman fired in what proved to be a 37th-minute winner before Forest's Paul Konchesky saw red late on. That second yellow for the loan signing came in stoppage time and did not affect the outcome of a game which Norwich dominated.

2011 April 15, Saj Chowdhury, “Norwich 2 - 1 Nott'm Forest”, in BBC Sport:


midnight

[ˈmɪd̚ˌnɐɪt]

From Middle English midnight, from Old English midniht, from Proto-Germanic *midjanahts (“midnight”), equivalent to mid- + night. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Midnoacht (“midnight”), Old High German mittinaht (“midnight”), Danish midnat (“midnight”), Swedish midnatt (“midnight”), Icelandic miðnætti (“midnight”). Compare also Saterland Frisian Middernoacht (“midnight”), Dutch middernacht (“midnight”), German Mitternacht (“midnight”).

Free and falling, his midnight hair flowed out all around us like a silk canopy.

2013, Sharon Ricklin, Ravenswynd Legends, page 143:


or

From Middle English or; partially contracted from other, auther, from Old English āþor, āwþer, āhwæþer ("some, any, either"; > either); and partially from Middle English oththe, from Old English oþþe, from Proto-Germanic *efþau (“or”).

(logic) An operator denoting the disjunction of two propositions or truth values. There are two forms, the inclusive or and the exclusive or.

od

euphonic alt. form used before a vowel, especially "o"


or

(logic, electronics) Alternative form of OR


or

en-noun

or (countable and uncountable, plural ors)

From late Middle English or (“gold”), borrowed from Middle French or (“yellow”), from Old French or, from Latin aurum (“gold”). Doublet of aurum.

The metals are gold and silver, these being termed "or" and "argent".

1909, Arthur Charles Fox-Davies, A Complete Guide to Heraldry:

In engraving, "Or" is expressed by dots.

1889, Charles Norton Elvin, A Dictionary of Heraldry:

or:

(heraldry) The gold or yellow tincture on a coat of arms.


or

(heraldry) Of gold or yellow tincture on a coat of arms.

guld

of yellow or gold tincture on a coat of arms


tonight

From Middle English tonyght, to niȝt, from Old English tō niht.

to-night (alternative)
to-nite (alternative)
tonite (alternative)
t'night (alternative)

Besides, I met Lord Bigot and Lord Salisbury,
With eyes as red as new-enkindled fire,
And others more, going to seek the grave
Of Arthur, whom they say is killed to-night
On your suggestion.

1596, William Shakespeare, The Life and Death of King John, act 4, scene 2, page 165:

I dreamt tonight that I did feast with Caesar,
And things unluckily charge my fantasy;

1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:


moon

Sranan Tongo: mun

Tok Pisin: mun

Torres Strait Creole: mun

From Middle English mone, from Old English mōna (“moon”), from Proto-West Germanic *mānō, from Proto-Germanic *mēnô (“moon”), from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s (“moon, month”), probably from *meh₁- (“to measure”).
cognates and doublets
Cognate with Scots mone, mune, muin (“moon”), North Frisian muun (“moon”), Saterland Frisian Moune (“moon”), West Frisian moanne (“moon”), Dutch maan (“moon”), German Mond (“moon”), Danish måne (“moon”), Norwegian Bokmål måne (“moon”), Norwegian Nynorsk måne (“moon”), Swedish måne (“moon”), Faroese máni (“moon”), Icelandic máni (“moon”), Latin mēnsis (“month”). See also month, a related term within Indo-European.

inh

(cartomancy) The thirty-second Lenormand card.


moon

en-verb

moon (third-person singular simple present moons, present participle mooning, simple past and past participle mooned)

moons (present singular third-person)
mooning (participle present)
mooned (participle past)
mooned (past)

Sarah mooned over Sam's photograph for months.

You've been mooning after her forever; why not just ask her out?

On some level, the filmmakers behind Monster Trucks must have recognized the ill fit of Till playing a teenager, because they cast Jane Levy, a 27-year-old who can pass for younger but not a decade younger, as Meredith, a nerdy classmate of Tripp’s who moons over him as she insists on making an appointment to tutor him in biology.

2017 January 12, Jesse Hassenger, “A literal monster truck is far from the stupidest thing about Monster Trucks”, in The Onion AV Club:

"No, you're right." Udo shook this newest distraction out of her head. She knew it would come creeping back in through the ears in due time, just as she knew the best way to dispel it was to finish the job and link up with the rest of the Site. In any event, there was something in what Brenda had said that didn't make sense... "But why would he be mooning over her, if she's still awake?"

2023 September 24, HarryBlank, “Working Wonders”, in SCP Foundation, archived from the original on 2024-05-25:

(intransitive, colloquial) (usually followed by over or after) To fuss over something adoringly; to be infatuated with someone.


honey

en-noun

honey (usually uncountable, plural honeys or (archaic) honies)

honeys (plural)
honies (archaic plural)
hunny (alternative)

→ Japanese: ハニー (hanī)

→⇒ Jarai: ia hơni

→ Marshallese: ōne

Sranan Tongo: oni

Tok Pisin: hani

From Middle English hony, honi, from Old English huniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *hunag, from Proto-Germanic *hunagą (compare West Frisian hunich, German Honig), from earlier *hunangą (compare Swedish honung), from Proto-Indo-European *kn̥h₂onk-o-s, from *kn̥h₂ónks.
Cognate with Middle Welsh canecon (“gold”), Latin canicae pl (“bran”), Tocharian B kronkśe (“bee”), Albanian qengjë (“beehive”), Ancient Greek κνῆκος (knêkos, “safflower”), Northern Kurdish şan (“beehive”), Northern Luri گونج (gonj, “bee”), Finnish hunaja.

cog

dip me in honey and throw me to the lesbians

don't get your honey where you make your money

you attract more flies with honey than vinegar

you can catch more flies with honey than vinegar

you can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar

you catch more flies with honey than vinegar

you catch more flies with honey than with vinegar

honey:

A spectrum of pale yellow to brownish-yellow color, like that of most types of (the sweet substance) honey.


honey

en-adj

honey (comparative honeyer or honier, superlative honeyest or honiest)

honeyer (comparative)
honier (comparative)
honeyest (superlative)
honiest (superlative)
hunny (alternative)

Then I looked close at the scalp he stroked, which was of the silkiest blonde. For a moment I was sure it come from Olga’s dear head, and reckoned also he had little Gus’s fine skull-cover someplace among his filthy effects, the stinking old savage, living out his life of murder, rapine, and squalor, and I almost knifed him before I collected myself and realized the hair was honeyer than my Swedish wife’s.

1964, Thomas Berger, “My Indian Wife”, in Little Big Man, New York, N.Y.: The Dial Press, →LCCN, page 214:

Of a pale yellow to brownish-yellow color, like most types of honey.


honey

en-verb

honey (third-person singular simple present honeys, present participle honeying, simple past and past participle honeyed)

honeys (present singular third-person)
honeying (participle present)
honeyed (participle past)
honeyed (past)
hunny (alternative)

[O]ne / Discuss'd his tutor, rough to common men / But honeying at the whisper of a lord; / And one the Master, as a rogue in grain / Veneer'd with sanctimonious theory.

1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Prologue”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 6:

(intransitive) To be or become obsequiously courteous or complimentary; to fawn.


rainbow

Sranan Tongo: alenbo

From Middle English reynbowe, raynbowe, from Old English reġnboga (“rainbow”), from Proto-West Germanic *regnabogō, from Proto-Germanic *regnabugô (“rainbow”), equivalent to rain + bow (“arch”). Cognate with West Frisian reinbôge (“rainbow”), Dutch regenboog (“rainbow”), German Regenbogen (“rainbow”), Danish regnbue (“rainbow”), Swedish regnbåge (“rainbow”), Icelandic regnbogi (“rainbow”).

en:any spectrum of colors with similar appearance as rainbow in sky

Any prismatic refraction of light showing a spectrum of colours.


crimson

en-noun

crimson (countable and uncountable, plural crimsons)

PIE word
 *kʷŕ̥mis
Late Middle English cremesyn, from obsolete French cramoisin or Old Spanish cremesín, from Arabic قِرْمِز (qirmiz), from Classical Persian کرمست (kirmist), from Middle Persian; see Proto-Indo-Iranian *kŕ̥miš. Cognate with Sanskrit कृमिज (kṛmija). Doublet of kermes; also see carmine.

crimson:

To my horror I perceived that the yellow blossoms were all dabbled with crimson.

1904 January 30, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Adventure of the Priory School”, in The Return of Sherlock Holmes, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., published February 1905, →OCLC:


bisque

bisque (countable and uncountable, plural bisques)

Borrowed from French bisque, possibly from Biscaye.

lobster bisque

A thick creamy soup made from fish, shellfish, meat or vegetables.


azure

azure (countable and uncountable, plural azures)

azures (plural)
az. (alternative)
b. (alternative)
bl. (alternative)

From Middle English asure, from Old French azur, derived from Arabic لَازَوَرْد (lāzaward, “lapis lazuli”), dropping the l as if it were equivalent to the French article l’. The Arabic is from Classical Persian لاجورد (lājward, “lapis lazuli”), from the region of Lajward in Badakhshan.
Compare with Italian azzurro and Spanish azul.

der

Berington of Chester (on the authority of Harleian manuscript No. 1535) is said to bear a plain shield of azure. Personally I doubt this coat of arms […]

1904, Arthur Charles Fox-Davies, The Art of Heraldry: An Encyclopaedia of Armory, London : T.C.; & E.C. Jack, page 41:

In Bb [Glover's Roll], the conventional letter B is used to indicate azure in most items.

Sir Henry "Hotspur" Percy: before 1399: or, a lion rampant azure, differentiated with a label gules (a blue lion rampant on a field of gold, differentiated with a red label signifying the first-born son) […]

2010, E. Baumgaertner Wm E. Baumgaertner, Wm E. Baumgaertner, Squires, Knights, Barons, Kings: War and Politics in Fifteenth Century England, Trafford Publishing, →ISBN:

azure (heraldry):

(heraldry) A blue colour on a coat of arms, represented in engraving by horizontal parallel lines.


azure

When Britain first, at Heaven's command / Arose from out the azure main.

Sky blue; resembling the clear blue colour of the unclouded sky.

‘I forget your coat of arms.’
‘A human foot d’or, in a field azure; the foot crushes a serpent rampant whose fangs are imbedded in the heel.’

1846, Edgar Allan Poe, The Cask of Amontillado:

(heraldry) In blazon, of the colour blue.

azurový

heraldry: of blue colour on a coat of arms


aquamarine

en-noun

aquamarine (countable and uncountable, plural aquamarines)

From Latin aqua marīna (“sea water”), adjective form from mare (“sea”).

aquamarine:

Before we could embark on the details of his mother's health we were joined by a fair, plump woman of indefinite age, who had once been—and at moments still was—very pretty. She wore a simple black silk dress, perhaps in deference to Tilly's death, though the note of mourning was jarred by flamboyant aquamarine ear-rings and too much rouge.

1956, Delano Ames, chapter 4, in Crime out of Mind:

A transparent bluish-green, sometimes yellow-green, variety of beryl.


chartreuse

chartreuse (countable and uncountable, plural chartreuses)

Borrowed from French chartreuse. Doublet of charterhouse.

Old Tinker, in evening dress, sat uncomfortably, sideways, upon the edge of a wicker and brocade “chaise lounge,” finishing a tiny glass of chartreuse, while Talbot Potter, in the middle of the room, took leave of a second guest who had been dining with him.

1921, Booth Tarkington, Harlequin and Columbine:

A yellow or green liqueur made by Carthusian monks.


chocolate

chocolate (countable and uncountable, plural chocolates)

→ Assamese: চক্লেট (soklet)

→ Bengali: চকলেট (cokoleṭ)

→ Burmese: ချောကလက် (hkyau:ka.lak)

→ Cantonese: 朱古力 (zyu¹ gu²⁻¹ lik⁶⁻¹)

→ Hakka: 朱古力

→ Teochew: 朱古力

→ Cebuano: tsokoleyt

→ Chickasaw: chaklit

→ Gujarati: ચોકલેટ (cokleṭ)

→ Hawaiian: kokoleka

→ Hindustani:

desc

→ Hindi: चॉकलेट (cŏkleṭ, cŏkaleṭ), चाकलेट (cākleṭ)

→ Urdu: چاکلیٹ (cāklēṭ)

→ Urdu: چاکلیٹ (cāklēṭ)

→ Irish: seacláid

→ Japanese: チョコレート (chokorēto), チョコ (choko)

→ Taiwanese Hokkien: chio͘-kó͘-lè-tò͘

→ Kannada: ಚಾಕೋಲೆಟ್ (cākōleṭ)

→ Korean: 초콜릿 (chokollit)

→ Malay: coklat

→? Hokkien: 芝居力

→ Malayalam: ചോക്കലേറ്റ് (cōkkalēṟṟŭ)

→ Malayalam: ചോക്കലേറ്റ് (cōkkalēṟṟŭ)

→ Manx: shocklaid

→ Marathi: चॉकलेट (cŏkleṭ)

→ Nepali: चकलेट (cakleṭ)

→ Pashto: چاکلېټ (čākléṭ)

→ Pashto: چاکلېټ (čākléṭ)

→ Persian: چاکلیت (čâklêt) (Dari)

→ Punjabi:

→ Gurmukhi script: ਚੌਕਲੇਟ (caukleṭ)

→ Shahmukhi script: چاکلیٹ (caukleṭ)

→ Scottish Gaelic: teòclaid

→ Shanghainese: 巧克力 (⁵chiau-kheq-liq; ¹chiau-kheq-liq)

→ Mandarin: 巧克力 (qiǎokèlì)

→ Hakka: 巧克力

→ Sindhi: چاڪليٽ

→ Sindhi: چاڪليٽ

→ Sinhalese: චොකලට් (cokalaṭ)

→ Swahili: chokoleti

→ Tamil: சாக்கலேட் (cākkalēṭ)

→ Tamil: சாக்கலேட் (cākkalēṭ)

→ Telugu: చాకొలెట్ (cākoleṭ)

→ Thai: ช็อกโกแลต (chɔ́k-goo-lɛ́t), ช็อกโกเลต (chɔ́k-goo-lét)

→ Welsh: siocled

Etymology tree
Classical Nahuatl chocolatlbor.
Spanish chocolatebor.
English chocolate
Via Spanish chocolate from a Nahuatl word, widely given as chocolātl (with the second element being a reflex of Classical Nahuatl ātl (“water”)), although such a word does not appear in Nahuatl until the mid-18th century according to Karttunen. Dakin and Wichmann propose chicolātl as the original form (saying it survives in several modern Nahuatl dialects) and say the chicol- element refers to a special wooden stick used to prepare chocolate. Another theory is that the prefix came from Yucatec Maya chocol (“hot”).

etymon

dip me in chocolate and throw me to the lesbians

Chocolate is a very popular treat.

(chiefly uncountable) A food made from ground roasted cocoa beans.

巧克力

chhiàu-kher-lí / chhiàu-khér-lí / chhiàu-kho-lí


cream

en-verb

cream (third-person singular simple present creams, present participle creaming, simple past and past participle creamed)

creams (present singular third-person)
creaming (participle present)
creamed (participle past)
creamed (past)
creme (alternative)
creyme (alternative)

From Middle English creime, creme, from Old French creme, cresme, blend of Late Latin chrisma (“ointment”) (from Ancient Greek χρῖσμα (khrîsma, “unguent”)), and Late Latin crāmum (“cream”), from Gaulish *crama (compare Welsh cramen (“scab, skin”), Breton crammen), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krama- (compare Middle Irish screm (“surface, skin”), Dutch schram (“abrasion”), Lithuanian kramas (“scurf”)). Doublet of crema and crème. Displaced native Old English rēam (“cream”) (> modern ream).
Figurative sense of "most excellent element or part" appears from 1581. Verb meaning "to beat, thrash, wreck" is 1929, U.S. colloquial. The U.S. standard of identity is from 21 CFR 131.3(a).

der

(transitive, cooking) To rub, stir, or beat (butter) into a light creamy consistency.


cyan

en-adj

cyan (comparative more cyan, superlative most cyan)

more cyan (comparative)
most cyan (superlative)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek κύανος (kúanos), a shade of blue variously described as similar to cornflower, copper carbonate, and lapis lazuli, Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀷𐀜 (ku-wa-no), possibly from Hittite [script needed] (kuwannan-, “a precious stone; copper; shade of blue”). Compare modern Greek κυανός (kyanós), also used for cyan.


dye

en-noun

dye (countable and uncountable, plural dyes)

From Middle English deie, from Old English dēah, dēag (“color, hue, dye”), from Proto-West Germanic *daugu (“colour, shade”), from *daugan (“to conceal, be dark”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust, camouflage”).
Cognates
Cognate with Old High German tougan (“dark, secretive”), tougal (“dark, hidden, covert”), Old English dēagol, dīegle (“dark, hidden, secret”), Old English dohs, dox (“dusky, dark”). See dusk.


fuchsia

From New Latin, after the genus Fuchsia, itself named after German botanist Leonhart Fuchs (1501–1566).

named-after

fuchsia:

web fuchsia (magenta):

She tilted a hand topped with long rectangular nails in furious fuchsia towards her cheeks and fluttered the fingers, fanning.

2006, Tsitsi Dangarembga, The Book of Not, Faber & Faber Limited (2021), page 258:

A purplish-red colour, the color of fuchsin, an aniline dye.


gray

en-adj

gray (comparative grayer or more gray, superlative grayest or most gray)

grayer (comparative)
more gray (comparative)
grayest (superlative)
most gray (superlative)
grey (alternative)

From Middle English gray, from Old English grǣġ, from Proto-West Germanic *grāu, from Proto-Germanic *grēwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰreh₁- (“to green, to grow”).
See also Dutch grauw, German grau, Old Norse grár); also Latin rāvus (“grey”), Old Church Slavonic зьрѭ (zĭrjǫ, “to see, to glance”), Russian зреть (zretʹ, “to watch, to look at”) (archaic), Lithuanian žeriù (“to shine”).


gray

Log-shaped barnacles become embedded in the hide of the gray.

1971 Mar, National Geographic, page 411:

Eschrichtius robustus
Eschrichtius robustus#Translingual


gray

Named after English physicist Louis Harold Gray (1905–1965).

named-after

Coordinate term: rad

International System of Units
International System of Units

In the International System of Units, the derived unit of absorbed dose of radiation (radiation absorbed by a patient); one joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of the patient's mass. Symbol: Gy


indigo

en-noun

indigo (countable and uncountable, plural indigos or indigoes)

/ˈɪn.dɪˌɡəʊ/

16th century (as indico, modern spelling from the 17th century), Spanish índigo, Portuguese endego (modern índigo), or Dutch (via Portuguese) indigo, all from Latin indicum (“indigo”), from Ancient Greek ἰνδικόν (indikón, “Indian dye”), from Ἰνδία (Indía). Doublet of Indic.

der

An indigo-colored dye obtained from certain plants (indigo plant or woad), or a similar synthetic dye.


ivory

en-noun

ivory (countable and uncountable, plural ivories)

→ Pohnpeian: aipori

From Middle English yvory, ivorie, from Anglo-Norman ivurie, from Latin eboreus (“in or of ivory”) adjective of ebur (“ivory”) (genitive eboris), from Demotic yb (“ivory, Elephantine”) (compare Coptic ⲓⲏⲃ (iēb, “Elephantine”)), from Egyptian ꜣbw (“elephant, ivory, Elephantine”). Displaced native Old English elpendbān (literally “elephant bone”).

ncog

ivory:

A creamy white color, the color of ivory.


navy

en-noun

navy (countable and uncountable, plural navies)

From Middle English nave, navye, from Anglo-Norman, Old French navie, from Latin nāvigia < nāvigium, from Latin nāvigō, nāvis (“boat”), from Proto-Indo-European *néh₂us. Compare Ancient Greek ναῦς (naûs, “ship”), Persian ناو (nâv, “boat, warship”), Sanskrit नाव (nāva, “ship”), Old English nōwend (“mariner, sailor”).
Displaced native Old English sċiphere (literally “ship army”).

ncog

navy:

(countable and uncountable) A dark blue colour, usually called navy blue.


navy

en-adj

navy (comparative more navy, superlative most navy)

more navy (comparative)
most navy (superlative)

The cover is as navy as a bruise.

2006, Samantha Hunt, The Seas: A Novel, page 57:

The morning shadow on his chin was almost as navy as his heavy-lidded eyes, his cheekbones exquisitely sculptured in his haughty face.

2006, Carol Marinelli, Taken for His Pleasure, page 26:

Having the dark blue colour of navy blue.

сі́ні

having a navy (dark blue) colour — see also light blue, blue


maroon

maroon (comparative more maroon, superlative most maroon)

more maroon (comparative)
most maroon (superlative)

Etymology tree
Byzantine Greek μάραον (máraon)bor.
Italian marronebor.
French marronbor.
English maroon
Borrowed from French marron (“chestnut; brown”). Compare Spanish marrón. Doublet of marron (“sweet chestnut”).


tan

From a Brythonic language; influenced in form by yan (“one”) in the same series.

(dialect, rare) The second cardinal number two, formerly used in Celtic areas, especially Cumbria and parts of Yorkshire, for counting sheep, and stitches in knitting.


khaki

en-noun

khaki (countable and uncountable, plural khakis or (especially sense 5) khakies)

khakis (plural)
khakies (especially plural)
carkee (alternative)
carky (alternative)
karkey (alternative)
khakee (alternative)
kharkee (alternative)
kharki (alternative)

cocky (some accents with the father-bother merger)

Borrowed from Hindustani خاکی / ख़ाकी (xākī), from Classical Persian خاکی (xākī, “dusty, earthy, earth-colored”).
Sense 5 was coined in reference to the colour of the uniform of British troops during the Second Boer War; compare rooinek.

der

1921, War work of the Bureau of Standards, no. 46, page 54.
The English Government for a long time has used a type of pigmented dope cover, khaki colored by iron pigments and lampblack, which is called P. C. 10.

2007, Yuji Matsuki, American Fighters Over Europe: Colors & Markings of USAAF Fighters in WWII, page 4, →ISBN.
At the end of World War I, the U.S. Army Air Service painted everything khaki. This khaki was practically the same as British PC10 and can be considered the basis of the later olive drab color.

In these notes we have used the British rather than the US terms for colours: i.e. 'khaki' here means the drab brown - US 'olive drab' - used for woolen uniforms and 'khaki drill' for the pale yellowish tan - US 'khaki' - used for lightweight summer/tropical dress.

2010, Martin Windrow, French Foreign Legion: Infantry and Cavalry since 1945, →ISBN, page 52:

The very loose seroual trousers were made in both sand-khaki drill, and in winter-weight khaki wool for wear with the M1946 battledress blouse.

khaki green:


bronze

en-noun

bronze (countable and uncountable, plural bronzes)

From French bronze (1511), from Italian bronzo (13th cent.), of uncertain origin; see it for more. First use appears c. 1721 in the writings of Matthew Prior. See cite below.

unc

uncertain

(countable) A work of art made of bronze, especially a sculpture.

She wanted to win the tournament, but had to settle for the bronze after being beaten in the semi-finals.


bronze

en-adj

bronze (comparative more bronze, superlative most bronze)

more bronze (comparative)
most bronze (superlative)

unc

uncertain

The house was a big elaborate limestone affair, evidently new. Winter sunshine sparkled on lace-hung casement, on glass marquise, and the burnished bronze foliations of grille and door.

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter I, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:


bronze

en-verb

bronze (third-person singular simple present bronzes, present participle bronzing, simple past and past participle bronzed)

bronzes (present singular third-person)
bronzing (participle present)
bronzed (participle past)
bronzed (past)

unc

uncertain

The sun was so low that its level rays shot through the tunnels of the forest and bronzed its ceiling of woven leaves when Bess returned to the clearing.

1925, DuBose Heyward, Porgy, London: Jonathan Cape, Part IV, p. 137:

North is the bay of Acre, lovely in shape, and, far, far beyond, the cloudy vision of Hermon, its huge landscape now only attainable with a police pass—beautifully solitary except for good-looking young men of the police patrols, all fit and bronzed.

1961, Freya Stark, chapter 8, in Dust in the Lion's Paw: Autobiography 1939-1946, New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, page 122:

(transitive) To color bronze; (of the sun) to tan.


coral

en-noun

coral (countable and uncountable, plural corals)

From Old French coral (French corail), from Latin corallium, from Ancient Greek κοράλλιον (korállion, “coral”). Probably ultimately of Semitic origin, compare Hebrew גּוֹרָל (goral, “small pebble”), Arabic جَرَل (jaral, “small stone”), originally referring to the red variety found in the Mediterranean. Since ancient times, a common folk etymology, accepted by some earlier scholars, connected the word instead to Ancient Greek κόρη (kórē) (referring to Medusa). Beekes mentions both theories and considers the Semitic one convincing.

der

coral:

The coral faded even from her lips, till they were as white as Leo's face, and quivered pitifully.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

(countable) A somewhat yellowish orange-pink color; the color of red coral (Corallium rubrum) of the Mediterranean Sea, commonly used as an ornament or gem.


ebony

en-adj

ebony (comparative more ebony, superlative most ebony)

more ebony (comparative)
most ebony (superlative)

From earlier heben, hebeny, from Middle English ebenif, hebenyf (influenced by Late Latin hebeninus), from Ecclesiastical Latin ebenius (“of ebony”), from Latin hebenus (“ebon tree”), from Ancient Greek ἔβενος (ébenos), from Egyptian hbnj, U13:n-Z4:M3

He called the ebony mistress of the establishment to him, and speaking to her kindly and winningly, as any dutiful husband should, told her to make the change, which she did.

1864, George Adams Fisher, The Yankee conscript: or, Eighteen months in Dixie:

No attempt was made in her new home to discontinue or even to conceal the presence of an ebony mistress and a thriving family of little mulattoes...

1931, Catherine MacFarlane Carswell, The life of Robert Burns:

Want to watch my gorgeous ebony friend, Almond Joy, naked and online 24/7? She recently ended a long-term relationship and is now fully enjoying being a 25 year-old single gal in Beverly Hills.

2004, Alyssa, “Ebony Girls Need Attention”, in alt.sex.escorts (Usenet):

Dark-skinned; black; especially in reference to African-Americans.


lavender

en-noun

lavender (countable and uncountable, plural lavenders)

From Middle English lavendre, from Anglo-Norman lavendre (French lavande), from Medieval Latin lavendula, possibly from Latin lividus (“bluish”), but influenced by lavō (“wash”) due to use of lavender in washing clothes.

lavender:

web lavender:

A pale bluish purple colour, like that of the lavender flower.


tide

From Middle English tyde, tide, tyd, tid (“time”), from Old English tīd (“time”), from Proto-Germanic *tīdiz (“time”), from Proto-Indo-European *déh₂itis (“time”), from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂y- (“to divide”). Related to time.
Cognates
Cognate with Scots tide, tyde (“tide”), North Frisian tid (“time”), West Frisian tyd, tiid (“time, while”), Dutch tijd (“time”), Dutch tij, getij (“tide of the sea”), Afrikaans tyd (“time”), Low German Tied, Tiet (“time”), Low German Tide (“tide of the sea”), German Zeit (“time”), German Tide, Gezeiten (“tide of the sea”), Danish tid (“time”), Swedish tid (“time”), Icelandic tíð (“time”), Albanian ditë (“day”), Old Armenian տի (ti, “age”), Northern Kurdish dem (“time”).

der

Southern US, African-American Vernacular

Eventide, noontide, morrowtide, nighttide, moontide, harvesttide, wintertide, summertide, springtide, autumntide etc.

(regional, archaic, in compounds) A point or period of time identified or described by a qualifier.

gety

periodic change of sea level — see also flood tide, ebb tide, high tide, low tide


orchid

From New Latin Orchideae, Orchidaceae, an irregular formation from Latin orchis, from Ancient Greek ὄρχις (órkhis, “orchid, testicle”) (ostensibly from the shape of the roots). Supplanted Middle English ballokwort (literally “testicle plant”).

noncog

orchid:

A light bluish-red, violet-red or purple colour.


olive

From Middle English olyve, from Old French olive (“olive, olive tree”), from Latin olīva (“olive”), from Etruscan *𐌄𐌋𐌄𐌉𐌅𐌀 (*eleiva) or Proto-Greek *ἐλαίϝα (*elaíwa), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *loiwom (compare Old Church Slavonic лои (loi, “tallow”), Old Armenian եւղ (ewł, “oil”)). Doublet of oliva. Displaced native Old English eleberġe, literally "oil berry."

Olea europaea
Olea europaea#Translingual

A tree of species Olea europaea cultivated since ancient times in the Mediterranean for its fruit and the oil obtained from it.

olive:

A dark yellowish-green color, that of an unripe olive.

(neuroanatomy) An olivary body, part of the medulla oblongata.

a beef olive

olives of veal

(cooking) A small slice of meat seasoned, rolled up, and cooked.

Any shell of the genus Oliva and allied genera; so called from the shape.

(UK, dialect) An oystercatcher, a shore bird of genus Haematopus.


olive

en-adj

olive (comparative more olive, superlative most olive)

more olive (comparative)
most olive (superlative)

Appleby[…]rose from his seat when Morales came in. He shook hands urbanely, unbuckled his sword, and laid his kepi on the table, and then sat down with an expression of concern in his olive face which Appleby fancied was assumed.

1907 January, Harold Bindloss, chapter 22, in The Dust of Conflict, 1st Canadian edition, Toronto, Ont.: McLeod & Allen, →OCLC:

The “little green men”—faces covered, wearing unmarked olive uniforms, speaking Russian and using Russian weapons—have played a significant role in both the occupation of Crimea and the civil war in eastern Ukraine.¹⁹⁶

2015, Shane R. Reeves, David Wallace, “The Combatant Status of the “Little Green Men” and Other Participants in the Ukraine Conflict”, in International Law Studies, US Naval War College, volume 91, number 361, Stockton Center for the Study of International Law, page 393:

Of a grayish green color, that of an unripe olive.


plum

plum (comparative more plum, superlative most plum)

more plum (comparative)
most plum (superlative)

From Middle English plomme, ploume, from Old English plūme, from Proto-West Germanic *plūmā, borrowed from Latin prūnum. Doublet of prune.

(comparable) Of a dark bluish-red colour.


saffron

en-noun

saffron (countable and uncountable, plural saffrons)

→ Japanese: サフラン (safuran)

→ Korean: 사프란 (sapeuran)

From Middle English saffron, from Old French safran, from Medieval Latin safrānum, from Arabic زَعْفَرَان (zaʕfarān).

Thy plants are an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard, spikenard and saffron […]

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Song of Songs of Songs-Chapter-4/#13-14 4:13-14:

2009, D. H. Sanaeinejad, S. N. Hosseini, Regression Models for Saffron Yields in Iran, Daoliang Li, Chunjiang Zhao (editors), Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture II, Volume 1, page 510,
Usually the maximum temperature for October, November and December in the southern parts of Khorassan–the main saffron growing area of the Iran-does not exceed 20°C, while the minimum temperature reaches 0°C.

Crocus sativus
Crocus sativus#Translingual

A plant of species Crocus sativus, a crocus.

I must have saffron to colour the warden pies […]

c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:

1658, Thomas Muffet, The Theatre of Insects, [1634, Insectorum sive Minimorum Animalium Theatrum], quoted in 2008, Anna Suranyi, The Genius of the English Nation: Travel Writing and National Identity in Early Modern England, page 117-118,
The Irish and Ireland people (who are frequently troubled with lice, and such as will fly, as they say, in summer) anoint their shirts with saffron, and to very good purpose, to drive away the lice, but after six months they wash their shirts again, putting fresh saffron into the lye.

Saffron is not included in American and British pharmacopoeias, but some Indian medical formulae still include it.

2002, James A. Duke, editor, CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices, page 129:

Saffron is the stigma of the crocus flower, which is harvested by hand, dried, and sold either in strands or ground to powder.[…]Of all the medieval spices, saffron was the most expensive, which is not surprising given that 70,000 flowers only yield one pound of dried stigmas. In the European cookbooks of the late Middle Ages, nearly all of which which reflect refined upper-class dining, saffron is ubiquitous.

2004, Melitta Weiss Adamson, Food in Medieval Times, page 15:

Saffron is often called the “golden spice.”

2011, Mathew Attokaran, Natural Food Flavors and Colorants, unnumbered page:

A spice (seasoning) and colouring agent made from the stigma and part of the style of the plant, sometimes or formerly also used as a dye and insect repellent.

saffron:

[…] The stately Ram
Shone thro’ the Mead, in native Purple clad,
Or milder Saffron […]

a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC, page 18:

[…] the girls locked up Echo Lodge again and went away in the perfect half hour that follows the rose and saffron of a winter sunset.

1915, L[ucy] M[aud] Montgomery, chapter 7, in Anne of the Island, New York, N.Y.: A[lbert] L[evi] Burt Company, →OCLC:

These colours might have been expressly designed—by dissonance as much as harmony—for juxtaposition against those pouring down in brilliant rays of light from the Tiepolo; subtle yet penetrating pinks and greys, light blue turning almost to lavender, rich saffrons and cinnamons melting into bronze and gold.

1973, Anthony Powell, Temporary Kings, page 82:

The classical shades of Antiquity were the most prevalent, but along with the Venetian reds and Egyptian blues, the saffrons and ochres and indigos, were more delicate hues: of pink and cream and lilac, like shells littered upon the shore.

2011, Seth Hunter, The Winds of Folly, unnumbered page:

On another occasion, H-pop singer Kanhiya Mittal sang a duet with a BJP lawmaker whose lyrics read “the saffron is getting deeper”, a reference to the colour of Hinduism and the BJP's own party colours, […]

2024 May 4, John Reed, “How to interpret India?”, in FT Weekend, Life & Arts, page 9:

An orange-yellow colour, the colour of a lion's pelt.


saffron

en-verb

saffron (third-person singular simple present saffrons, present participle saffroning, simple past and past participle saffroned)

saffrons (present singular third-person)
saffroning (participle present)
saffroned (participle past)
saffroned (past)

The other part Northern, & ful of mountaines, a very rude and homely kinde of people doth inhabite, which are called the redshankes or wilde Scottes. They be clothed with a mantel and shyrte saffroned, after the Irishe manner, going bare legged to the knée.

1580, John Stow, “A briefe Description of Englande, Scotlande, Wales, and Cornwall”, in The Chronicles of England, London: Ralph Newberie, page 9:

Thee next day foloing lustring Aurora lay shymring,
Her saffrond mattresse leauing to her bedfelo Tithon.

1582, Richard Stanyhurst, transl., The First Foure Bookes of Virgil his Aeneis, Leiden: John Pates, Book 4, p. 82:

1638, uncredited translator, Historie Naturall and Experimentall, of Life and Death by Francis Bacon, London: William Lee and Humphrey Mosley, p. 244,
The same Irish, use to weare Saffroned Linnen, and Shirts; Which though it were, at first, devised to prevent Vermine, yet, howsoever, I take it, to be very usefull for Lengthening of Life […]

To give a saffron colour to (something).

To dye (a fabric, garment, etc.) with a saffron-based dye.


copper

en-adj

copper (comparative more copper, superlative most copper)

more copper (comparative)
most copper (superlative)

Inherited from Middle English coper, from Old English coper, copor (“copper”), from Late Latin cuprum (“copper”), contraction of Latin aes Cyprium (literally “Cyprian brass”), from Ancient Greek Κύπρος (Kúpros, “Cyprus”). Cognate with Dutch koper (“copper”), German Kupfer (“copper”), Icelandic kopar (“copper”).

der

All in a hot and copper sky, / The bloody Sun, at noon, / Right up above the mast did stand, / No bigger than the Moon.

1797–1798 (date written), [Samuel Taylor Coleridge], “The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere”, in Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems, London: […] J[ohn] & A[rthur] Arch, […], published 1798, →OCLC:

She seemed so alive, with her shining eyes and her copper hair and her jokes and funny stories, but there was always a mystery at the center of her life, the sound of wild sobbing my mother said she heard coming through the floor.

1999, Maria M. Gillan, Things My Mother Told Me, page 38:

Having the reddish-brown colour/color of copper.


lilac

From obsolete French lilac (now lilas), from Arabic لِيلَك (līlak).

A cat having a lilac-colored (pale brown) coat.


salmon

en-noun

salmon (countable and uncountable, plural salmon or salmons)

→ Burmese: ဆယ်လမွန် (hcaila.mwan)

→ Hebrew: סַלְמוֹן (sálmon)

→ Hindi: सामन (sāman)

→ Japanese: サーモン (sāmon)

From Middle English samoun, samon, saumon, from Anglo-Norman saumon, from Old French saumon, from Latin salmō, salmōn-. Displaced native Middle English lax, from Old English leax (“salmon”). The unpronounced l was later inserted to make the word appear closer to its Latin root (compare words like debt, indict, receipt for the same spelling Latinizations).
The verb sense “ride a bicycle the wrong way down a one-way street” alludes to salmon swimming upstream against the flow of a river to spawn.

m-g

grilled salmon

salmon paté

salmon steak

(zoology) One of several species of fish, typically of the Salmoninae subfamily, brownish above with silvery sides and delicate pinkish-orange flesh; they ascend rivers to spawn.

salmon:

(plural salmons) A pale pinkish-orange colour, the colour of cooked salmon.

The upper bricks in a kiln which receive the least heat.


salmon

Smiley and Guillam perched disconsolately beneath it, on a bench of salmon velvet.

1977, John Le Carré, The Honourable Schoolboy, Folio Society, published 2010, page 155:


salmon

en-verb

salmon (third-person singular simple present salmons, present participle salmoning, simple past and past participle salmoned)

salmons (present singular third-person)
salmoning (participle present)
salmoned (participle past)
salmoned (past)

2014: "Salmon, Don't Shoal: Learning The Lingo Of Safe Cycling" by Marc Silver, NPR
Some cities discourage salmoning with clever signage, like this in London: "If you can read this you are biking the wrong way."

(slang, intransitive) To ride a bicycle the wrong way down a one-way street.


ochre

From Old French ocre and its source Latin ōchra, from Ancient Greek ὤχρα (ṓkhra, “pale yellow”), from ὠχρός (ōkhrós, “pale, ocher”) (modern Greek ωχρός (ochrós)).


rose

en-noun

rose (countable and uncountable, plural roses)

→ Marshallese: rooj

→ Tokelauan: loha

From Middle English rose, roose, from Old English rōse, but with its vowel influenced by Old French rose, both from Latin rosa.
cognates and more remote and uncertain etymology
The Latin is of uncertain origin, but likely via Oscan from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”) (Aeolic ϝρόδον (wródon)), from Old Persian *vr̥dah (“flower”) (compare Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀- (var^əδa-), Sogdian ward, Parthian wâr, late Middle Persian [Term?] (gwl /gul/), Persian گل (gol, “rose, flower”), and Middle Iranian borrowings including Old Armenian վարդ (vard, “rose”), Aramaic וַרְדָּא (wardā) / ܘܪܕܐ (wardā), Arabic وَرْدَة (warda), Hebrew וֶרֶד (wéreḏ)), from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰos (“sweetbriar”) (compare Old English word (“thornbush”), Latin rubus (“bramble”), Albanian hurdhe (“ivy”)). Possibly ultimately a derivation from a verb for "to grow" only attested in Indo-Iranian (*Hwardʰ-, compare Sanskrit वर्धति (vardhati), with relatives in Avestan).

A shrub of the genus Rosa, with red, pink, white or yellow flowers.


rose

Having a purplish-red or pink color; rosy.


turquoise

turquoise (countable and uncountable, plural turquoises)

turquoises (plural)
Turkies (alternative)

From Middle French turquoise, from Old French (pierre) turquoise (“Turkish (stone)”), from turc + -ois. The stone, mined near Nishapur in the Khorasan region of Persia, was originally brought to Europe through Turkey. Doublet of Turkish.

der

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […] . (Common gem materials not addressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)

2012 March 7, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2012-06-14, page 128:

(countable) A sky-blue, greenish-blue, or greenish-gray semi-precious gemstone.

The half-dozen pieces […] were painted white and carved with festoons of flowers, birds and cupids. To display them the walls had been tinted a vivid blue which had now faded, but the carpet, which had evidently been stored and recently relaid, retained its original turquoise.

1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 1, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

turquoise:

(countable and uncountable) A pale greenish-blue colour, like that of the gemstone.


turquoise

en-adj

turquoise (comparative more turquoise, superlative most turquoise)

more turquoise (comparative)
most turquoise (superlative)
Turkies (alternative)


russet

en-noun

russet (countable and uncountable, plural russets)

From Middle English russet, from Anglo-Norman russet, rossat, roset, and Middle French rosset, rousset (“reddish, reddish-brown; a rough wool cloth”), from Middle French rous, rus (“to rouse”) + -et (diminutive suffix); compare Late Latin rossetum, russetum, russeta (“rough wool cloth”), Latin russus (“red”) (from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”)), Occitan rosseta (“rough wool cloth”).

Of the various kinds of woollens, the cheapest appear to be those which are known by the names of ‘bluett,’ ‘russet,’ and ‘blanket.’ […] The second appears to have been almost uniformly an inferior article; but the third is the cheapest of all. The first two terms point to the colour of the stuff, blanket being undyed stuff. It seems that sometimes russet is understood to be cloth made from black wool.

1866, James E[dwin] Thorold Rogers, “On the Price of Textile Fabrics and Clothing”, in A History of Agriculture and Prices in England: From the Year after the Oxford Parliament (1259) to the Commencement of the Continental War (1793): Compiled Entirely from Original and Contemporaneous Records, volumes I (1259–1400), Oxford: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 575:

A coarse, reddish-brown, homespun fabric; clothes made with such fabric.

vadmal

historical in this tense: red-brown, coarse fabric

Coordinate term: reinette

Russet is the name of a group of apples with distinctive matt brown skin, often spotted or with a faint red flush, and of a flattened lopsided shape. The flesh is crisp and the apples keep well. The flavour is unusual and pearlike. Russets are used both for eating and for cooking.

2014, Alan Davidson, “apple”, in Tom Jaine, editor, The Oxford Companion to Food, 3rd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 30:

A variety of apple with rough, russet-colored skin.


russet

en-adj

russet (comparative more russet, superlative most russet)

more russet (comparative)
most russet (superlative)

Hencefoorth my wooing minde ſhalbe expreſt / In ruſſet yeas, and honeſt kerſie noes.

c. 1595–1596 (date written), W. Shakespere [i.e., William Shakespeare], A Pleasant Conceited Comedie Called, Loues Labors Lost. […] (First Quarto), London: […] W[illiam] W[hite] for Cut[h]bert Burby, published 1598, →OCLC; republished as Shakspere’s Loves Labours Lost (Shakspere-Quarto Facsimiles; no. 5), London: W[illiam] Griggs, […], [1880], →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]: