AA

en-noun

AA (countable and uncountable, plural AAs)

(immunology) Initialism of anti-antibody.


hay fever

hay fever (usually uncountable, plural hay fevers)

First attested by John Bostock in 1819. The smell of hay in the summer was thought to be the origin of the condition.

(pathology, immunology) An allergy to the pollen of grass or other plants that causes symptoms similar to those of a cold; pollinosis.


self

→ Korean: 셀프 (selpeu)

Sranan Tongo: srefi

Southern US, African-American Vernacular, dated

From Middle English self, silf, sulf, from Old English self, seolf, sylf, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz. Cognates include Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌱𐌰 (silba), German selbst and Dutch zelf.

Similarity profiles between helper T cell epitopes (of self or microbial antigens and allergens) and human or microbial SWISSPROT collections were produced. For each antigen, both collections yielded largely overlapping profiles, demonstrating that self-nonself discrimination does not rely on qualitative features that distinguish human from microbial peptides. [...] Epitopes (on self and nonself antigens) can cross-stimulate T cells at increasing potency as their similarity with nonself augments.

2000, G Ristori et al., “Compositional bias and mimicry toward the nonself proteome in immunodominant T cell epitopes of self and nonself antigens”, in FASEB Journal: the official journal of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, volume 14, number 3, →PMID, pages 431–438:

In plants, the ability to recognize self from nonself plays an important role in fertilization, because self-fertilization will result in less diverse offspring than fertilization with pollen from another individual.

2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:

(molecular biology, immunology) Any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic).


self

Similarity profiles between helper T cell epitopes (of self or microbial antigens and allergens) and human or microbial SWISSPROT collections were produced. For each antigen, both collections yielded largely overlapping profiles, demonstrating that self-nonself discrimination does not rely on qualitative features that distinguish human from microbial peptides. However, epitopes whose probability of mimicry with self or nonself prevails are, respectively, tolerated or immunodominant and coexist within the same (auto-)antigen regardless of its self/nonself nature. Epitopes (on self and nonself antigens) can cross-stimulate T cells at increasing potency as their similarity with nonself augments.

(molecular biology, immunology) Of or relating to any molecule, cell, or tissue of an organism's own (belonging to the self), as opposed to a foreign (nonself) molecule, cell, or tissue (for example, infective, allogenic, or xenogenic).


leukocyte

In disease of the spleen, especially Banti's disease or fibro-adenia of the spleen, the increase of leukocytes is absent or slight, with no relative lymphocytosis.

1923, International Medical Digest, page 316:

Iberdomide, a cereblon modulator promoting degradation of the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos, which affect leukocyte development and autoimmunity, is being evaluated for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

2022 March 17, Joan T. Merrill, Victoria P. Werth, Richard Furie et al., “Phase 2 Trial of Iberdomide in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 386, number 11, →DOI, page 1034:

(hematology, cytology, immunology) Any of a class of blood cells that play various roles in cell-mediated immunity.


ABC

ABC (countable and uncountable, plural ABCs)

(immunology, medicine) Initialism of antigen-binding capacity.

Together, these findings indicate that CD21/35⁻CD23⁻ B cells do not correspond to any previously defined B-cell subset, but share some characteristics with exhausted B cells. Because they emerge and may eventually predominate with age, we have termed them age-associated B cells (ABCs).

2011 August 4, Yi Hao, Patrick O'Neill, Martin S. Naradikian, Jean L. Scholz, Michael P. Cancro, “A B-cell subset uniquely responsive to innate stimuli accumulates in aged mice”, in Blood, volume 118, number 5, →DOI, page 1296:

(immunology) Initialism of age-associated B cell.


CD

CD (countable and uncountable, plural CDs)

Abbreviation of various terms and phrases.

cluster of differentiation
cluster of differentiation#English

(immunology, biochemistry) Initialism of cluster of differentiation.


belch

en-verb

belch (third-person singular simple present belches, present participle belching, simple past and past participle belched)

belches (present singular third-person)
belching (participle present)
belched (participle past)
belched (past)

From Middle English belchen, from Old English bielċan, from Proto-Germanic *balkijaną, *belkaną, probably ultimately of imitative origin.
Related to Dutch balken (“to bray”), Middle Low German belken (“to shout”), Low German bölken (“to shout, bark”), Old English bealċettan (“to utter, send forth”). See also English bolk, boak.

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

'Tis not a year or two shows us a man:
They are all but stomachs, and we all but food;
To eat us hungerly, and when they are full,
They belch us.

c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iv]:

1746, attributed to Jonathan Swift, "A Love Poem form a Physician to his Mistress," http://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/14353/pg14353-images.html
When I an amorous kiss design'd,
I belch'd a hurricane of wind.

She eats too fast, belches behind a cupped hand, smiles.

1980, J. M. Coetzee, Waiting for the Barbarians, Penguin, 19982, Chapter 2, p. 41:

(transitive, intransitive, immunology) To expel (gas) from the stomach through the mouth; especially, to do so loudly.

تَجَشَّأَ

expel gas from the stomach through the mouth


IC

en-noun

IC (countable and uncountable, plural ICs)

(immunology) Initialism of immune complex.


anti-

From Ancient Greek ἀντι- (anti-, “against”). Doublet of ante-.

anti- + rabbit → antirabbit

anti- + horse → antihorse

(immunology) Reacting with immunoglobins found in the specified animal.


conjugate

/ˈkɔn.d͡ʒə.ɡæɪt/

From the participle stem of Latin coniugō (“to yoke together”), from con- (“with”) + iugō (“to join”).

(immunology) A weak and a strong antigen covalently linked together


DAMP

DAMP (countable and uncountable, plural DAMPs)

→ Swedish: damp, DAMP

(immunology) Initialism of damage-associated molecular pattern.


complement

complement (countable and uncountable, plural complements)

From Middle English complement, from Latin complēmentum (“that which fills up or completes”), from compleō (“I fill up, I complete”) (English complete). Doublet of compliment. The verb is from the noun.

der

(immunology) One of several blood proteins that work with antibodies during an immune response.

komplementti

one of several blood proteins that work with antibodies during an immune response


hypoallergenic

en-adj

hypoallergenic (comparative more hypoallergenic, superlative most hypoallergenic)

more hypoallergenic (comparative)
most hypoallergenic (superlative)

Coined between 1950 and 1955 from hypo- + allergenic. Some say that it was coined by advertisers in 1953. Merriam-Webster puts the date at 1940.

(immunology) Relating to a hypoallergen.


macrophage

From macro- + -phage, both from Ancient Greek.

innate immune system
innate immune system

(immunology, cytology) A white blood cell that phagocytizes necrotic cell debris and foreign material, including viruses, bacteria, and tattoo ink. It presents foreign antigens on MHC II to lymphocytes. Part of the innate immune system.


LT

en-noun

LT (countable and uncountable, plural LTs)

(biochemistry, immunology) Initialism of leukotriene.


presentation

presentation (countable and uncountable, plural presentations)

/ˌpɹɛzənˈteɪʃən/

From Old French presentation (French présentation), from Latin praesentātiōnem, accusative singular of praesentātiō (“representation, exhibition”).
Morphologically present + -ation

(immunology) The preparation of antigen fragments during the immune response.


thymus

From New Latin thymus, from Ancient Greek θύμος (thúmos, “warty excrescence, (also, as used by Galen) thymus gland”).

der

For a very long time the role of the thymus in the body was a complete mystery.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 234:

(anatomy, immunology) Ellipsis of thymus gland (“A ductless gland, consisting mainly of lymphatic tissue, located behind the top of the breastbone. It is most active during puberty, after which it shrinks in size. It plays an important role in the development of the immune system and produces lymphocytes.”).

غُدَّة زَعْتَرِيَّة

ductless gland located behind the breastbone


decoration

en-noun

decoration (countable and uncountable, plural decorations)

/ˌdɛkəˈɹeɪʃən/

From Latin decoratio: compare French décoration.
Morphologically decorate + -ion

(biochemistry, immunology) The use of exotic sugars as decoys to distract the immune system of a host


inoculation

inoculation (countable and uncountable, plural inoculations)

/ɪˌnɒkjʊˈleɪʃən/

/ɪˌnɑkjəˈleɪʃən/

From Latin inoculātio. Equivalent to inoculate + -ion.

We owe, also, to Lady Mary the introduction of inoculation—the moral courage she displayed; the blessing conferred by her exertions may well silence the harsh judgment which suits so little with our narrow and finite intelligence.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The End”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 326:

(immunology) The introduction of an antigenic substance or vaccine into the body to produce immunity to a specific disease.

تَلْقِيح

introduction of substance into the body to produce immunity


pathogenic

en-adj

pathogenic (comparative more pathogenic, superlative most pathogenic)

more pathogenic (comparative)
most pathogenic (superlative)

While the environment is teeming with bacteria and fungi, most are not pathogenic.

(pathology) Able to cause (harmful) disease.

Melogenic music represents the wide middle area between the extremes of logogenic and pathogenic music.

2008, Curt Sachs, The Rise of Music in the Ancient World, East and West, page 42:

(music) Consisting of harsh, percussive, nonverbal sounds.


adjuvant

From Latin adiuvāns, present participle of adiuvāre (“to help”), from ad (“to”) + iuvāre (“to help”).

The well-known tropic action of immune serum as an adjuvant to phagocytosis suggested early in our studies that we might here be dealing with a similar phenomenon.

Gay, Frederick P., Claypole, Edit J. (1914) “Specific Hyperleukocytosis: Studies In Typhoid Immunization”, in Archives of Internal Medicine, volume XIV, number 5, →DOI, →ISSN, retrieved 2020-04-16, pages 662–670

(immunology) A substance enhancing the immune response to an antigen. [from 20th c.]

adjuvans

immunology: substance enhancing the immune response


recognize

en-verb

recognize (third-person singular simple present recognizes, present participle recognizing, simple past and past participle recognized)

tlb

(American spelling, Oxford British English)

recognizes (present singular third-person)
recognizing (participle present)
recognized (participle past)
recognized (past)

Borrowed from Middle French reconoistre, from Old French reconoistre, from Latin recognoscere, first attested in the 16th century. Displaced native English acknow (“to recognize, perceive as”), compare German erkennen and Swedish erkänna. Latin had rare recognizare (“to try by jury”).

cog

/ˈɹekəɡnɑɪz/

(immunology) To have the property to bind to specific antigens.


spleen

en-noun

spleen (countable and uncountable, plural spleens)

Tok Pisin: splin

→ French: spleen

→ German: Spleen

→ Ido: spleno

→ Polish: splin, spleen

→ Romanian: spleen

→ Spanish: esplín

→ Swedish: spleen

From Middle English splene, splen, from Anglo-Norman espleen and Old French esplein, esplen, from Latin splēn (“milt”), from Ancient Greek σπλήν (splḗn, “the spleen”). Doublet of lien. Partially displaced the native English term milt.

der

(anatomy, immunology) In vertebrates, including humans, a ductless vascular gland, located in the left upper abdomen near the stomach, which destroys old red blood cells, removes debris from the bloodstream, acts as a reservoir of blood, and produces lymphocytes.


specific

en-adj

specific (comparative more specific, superlative most specific)

more specific (comparative)
most specific (superlative)

From Old French specifique, from Late Latin specificus (“specific, particular”), from Latin speciēs (“kind”) + faciō (“make”).

der

(immunology) limited to a particular antibody or antigen.

spesifinen

being limited to a particular antibody or antigen


allergy

→ Bengali: এলার্জি (elarji)

→ Cebuano: alerdyi

→ Hindi: एलर्जी (elarjī)

→ Urdu: الرجی (alarjī)

Borrowed from German Allergie. Coined by Austrian pediatrician Clemens von Pirquet in 1906 from Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work, activity”), on the model of Energie.

en:any hypersensitivity reaction or process

(medicine, immunology, loosely) A disorder of the immune system causing adverse reactions to substances (allergens) not harmful to most and marked by the body's production of histamines and associated with atopy, anaphylaxis, and asthma; any condition of hypersensitivity to a substance.

en:class I hypersensitivity reaction or process

(medicine, immunology, strictly) Specifically, hypersensitivity of class I in the modern classification thereof: the immunoglobulin E–mediated type.


vaccine

PIE word
 *woḱéh₂
Learned borrowing from Latin vaccīnus (“of or derived from a cow”), from vacca (“cow (female cattle)”) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives). Sense 1 refers to the early use of the cowpox virus as a vaccination against smallpox: see New Latin variolae vaccīnae (“cowpox”, plural, literally “infectious diseases of cattle causing pustules”), coined by the British physician and scientist Edward Jenner (1749–1823).

cog

I will call upon them: they are healthy children, we can have the vaccine infection from them, and I will inoculate the boy myself.

1804, Maria Edgeworth, “To-morrow. Chapter VII. Moral Habits Seldom Changed by Change of Fortune.”, in Popular Tales, volume III, London: Printed for J[oseph] Johnson, […], [b]y C. Mercier and Co., […], →OCLC, page 389:

(immunology) Of or pertaining to cowpox as a source of material for vaccination against smallpox; also, of or pertaining to such material used for vaccination.

lehmänrokko-

of or pertaining to cowpox as a source of material for vaccination against smallpox; of or pertaining to such material used for vaccination


vaccine

en-noun

vaccine (countable and uncountable, plural vaccines)

The noun is probably partly:
* derived from vaccine (adjective) (see etymology 1); and
* borrowed from French vaccine (“cowpox (short for variole vaccine); vaccination against smallpox using material from cowpox”), vaccin (“cowpox material used for smallpox vaccination”), both noun uses of vaccin (adjective), from Latin vaccīnus (see etymology 1).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Cognates
* Italian vaccina
* Portuguese vacina
* Spanish vacuna

bor

I am much inclined to the vaccine. My friend, Mr. L—, has had all his children vaccined, and I just wait to see the effect.

1804, Maria Edgeworth, “To-morrow. Chapter VII. Moral Habits Seldom Changed by Change of Fortune.”, in Popular Tales, volume III, London: Printed for J[oseph] Johnson, […], [b]y C. Mercier and Co., […], →OCLC, page 387:

But he really ought to know the difference between a vaccine and an anti-toxin. Stimulate the phagocytes! The vaccine doesnt affect the phagocytes at all.

1906 (date written), [George] Bernard Shaw, “The Doctor’s Dilemma”, in The Doctor’s Dilemma, Getting Married, & The Shewing-Up of Blanco Posnet, London: Constable and Company, published 1911, →OCLC, Act I, page 28:

South Korea is willing to cooperate with the North to tackle the disease outbreak, but Pyongyang remains unresponsive to any offers for dialogue, including Seoul's earlier proposal to provide COVID vaccines, said another official at the unification ministry.
South Hwanghae Province, where Haeju is located, is North Korea's key agricultural region, raising concerns over possible impacts on the country's already dire food shortage.

2022 June 16, Soo-Hyang Choi, Hyonhee Shin, “North Korea faces infectious disease outbreak amid COVID battle”, in Lincoln Feast, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-06-16:

A substance given to stimulate a body's production of antibodies and provide immunity against a disease without causing the disease itself in the treatment, prepared from the agent that causes the disease (or a derivative of it; or a related, also effective, but safer disease), or a synthetic substitute; also, a dose of such a substance.

vaksine

substance given to stimulate a body’s production of antibodies and provide immunity against a disease

My dog has had two vaccines this year.

The process of vaccination; immunization, inoculation.

(historical) material taken from cowpox pustules used for vaccination against smallpox.

lehmänrokosta tehty isorokkorokote

(also medicine, obsolete) The disease cowpox, especially as a source of material for vaccination against smallpox.


monocyte

(immunology, cytology) A type of leukocyte (white blood cell) that differentiates into a macrophage.


lymphocyte

(cytology, immunology) Any of several types of white blood cell with a spherical nucleus occurring in the lymphatic system, including B cells, T cells and natural killer cells.

leucocyte = leukocyte = white blood cell = WBC > agranulocyte


antibody

From anti- + body, a calque of German Antikörper.

(immunology) A protein produced by B-lymphocytes that binds to a specific antigen.

جِسْم مُضَادّ

protein that binds to a specific antigen


antigen

From French antigène, from anti- + gène.

(immunology) A substance that induces an immune response, usually foreign.


phagocytosis

en-noun

phagocytosis (countable and uncountable, plural phagocytoses)

From German Phagocytosis; equivalent to phagocyte + -osis; compare French phagocytose.

On account of the possession of this property, Metschnikoff has suggested for these groups of cells the term phagocytes, as expressive of their most distinctive feature, and for the process in general the term phagocytosis.

1889 April 13, William Osler, “Original Lectures: On Phagocytes”, in Medical Record, volume 35, number 15, page 393:

(immunology, cytology) A form of endocytosis in which a cell incorporates a particle by extending pseudopodia and drawing the particle into a vacuole of its cytoplasm.


white blood cell

white blood cell (plural white blood cells)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-white blood cell.wav

(hematology, cytology, immunology) A type of blood cell that is involved with an immune response, or part of the immune system.

witbloedselle

cytology: a type of blood cell that is involved with an immune response


vaccination

vaccination (countable and uncountable, plural vaccinations)

From vaccinia, a cowpox infection. Ultimately from Latin vacca (“cow”). Coined by Edward Jenner (1749-1823) in 1798. Jenner infected people with weakened cowpox viruses (Vaccinia), to immunise them against smallpox. It is now known that vaccinia and cow pox are separate conditions, but at the time of Jenner, they were considered the same condition.

coinage

Near-synonym: immunization (broadly synonymous)

One of the hidden glories of Victorian engineering is proper drains. Isolating a city’s effluent and shipping it away in underground sewers has probably saved more lives than any medical procedure except vaccination.

2014 June 14, “It's a gas”, in The Economist, volume 411, number 8891:

It's^([sic]) spokesperson Leonie Howie did not want to be interviewed but said they "will do the mahi" when it comes to trying to both encourage vaccinations as well as managing any health risks to the community when visitors arrive.

2021 February 12, “Unvaccinated private boat owners a risk to Aotea's community - iwi”, in Radio NZ:

Inoculation with a vaccine, in order to protect from a particular disease or strain of disease.

PEP

Idiomatically often coordinate despite that hypernymy might be expected


vaccination mark

en-noun

vaccination mark (plural vaccination marks)

A small scar left on the skin by vaccination.


vaccinate

en-verb

vaccinate (third-person singular simple present vaccinates, present participle vaccinating, simple past and past participle vaccinated)

vaccinates (present singular third-person)
vaccinating (participle present)
vaccinated (participle past)
vaccinated (past)

From vaccine + -ate (verb-forming suffix).

You haven't stopped talking since I came here! You must have been vaccinated with a phonograph needle!

Within weeks, Britain had vaccinated more people than France, Germany, Italy and Spain combined, a stunning achievement.

2021 February 24, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Vaccines and railways”, in RAIL, number 925, page 3:

(transitive) To treat (a person or an animal) with a vaccine to produce immunity against a disease.


immunization

en-noun

immunization (countable and uncountable, plural immunizations)

From French immunisation. Coined by Albert Calmette. Equivalent to immunize + -ation or immune + -ization.

Immunization via previous infection is not unusual among infectious diseases, but the degree and duration of such immunization varies by disease and depends on other factors as well (such as immunocapability and dietary sufficiency).

(US, uncountable) The process by which any organism's body develops immunity against a pathogen.


recognition

recognition (usually uncountable, plural recognitions)

/ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃən/

From Middle English recognicion, from Middle French recognicion, recognition and its etymon Latin recognitiōnem (accusative of recognitiō), from recognitus, past participle of recognōscere.

(immunology) The propriety consisting for antibodies to bind to some specific antigens and not to others.


lymph

lymph (usually uncountable, plural lymphs)

Borrowing from French lymphe and/or Latin lympha (“clear water”), from Ancient Greek νῠ́μφη (nŭ́mphē, “bride; spring water”). Doublet of nymph.

der

She lay face-down, an infected puncture point on the inside of her thigh oozing a faint lymph.

2000, JG Ballard, Super-Cannes, Fourth Estate 2011, page 268:

(physiology) A colourless, watery, coagulable bodily fluid which bathes the tissues and is carried by the lymphatic system into the bloodstream; it resembles blood plasma in containing white blood cells and especially lymphocytes but normally few red blood cells and no platelets.

(immunology) The discharge from a sore, inflammation etc.


pathogen

/ˈpæθəd͡ʒn̩/

In his first book since the 2008 essay collection Natural Acts: A Sidelong View of Science and Nature, David Quammen looks at the natural world from yet another angle: the search for the next human pandemic, what epidemiologists call “the next big one.” His quest leads him around the world to study a variety of suspect zoonoses—animal-hosted pathogens that infect humans.

2013 January 16, Katie L. Burke, “Ecological Dependency”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 1, archived from the original on 2017-02-09, page 64:

(pathology, immunology) An agent that can cause disease, especially an infectious microorganism, such as a bacterium, virus, protozoon or fungus.

sëmundjeshkaktues

any organism or substance that causes disease


ANC

en-noun

ANC (countable and uncountable, plural ANCs)

On November 28 Jane's bloodwork chart provided the exaltation we looked for. The column for ANCs, resolutely 0 day after day, showed the figure 1. The single ANC was evidence that the new marrow was engrafting, beginning to produce a new immune system, the most significant marker in the journey of the hundred days.

2005, Donald Hall, The Best Day the Worst Day: Life with Jane Kenyon, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, →ISBN, page 121:

neutrophil granulocyte
neutrophil granulocyte

(medicine, immunology) Initialism of absolute neutrophil count: a blood test measuring the number of neutrophil granulocytes.


breakthrough

From break + through. Compare German Durchbruch and Dutch doorbraak (“breakthrough”, literally “through-break”).

cog

Breakthrough infections (urine infections that develop in children on antibiotics) can occasionally occur, and if they do, different preventative antibiotics can be given or sometimes surgery to fix the leaky valve can be undertaken.

a. 2005, “Brochure - Urinary Reflux”, in Renal Resource Centre, archived from the original on 2004-04-30:

There is also growing evidence that while Omicron may cause many breakthrough cases among previously infected or previously vaccinated populations, the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease among them will be lower, they added.

2022 January 15, “In open letter, 30 doctors issue appeal against use of ‘unwarranted medications, diagnostics’”, in The Indian Express, WordPress, archived from the original on 2022-01-15:

(immunology) Involving the contraction of a disease by a person with a decreased susceptibility, such as a person who has been vaccinated to help prevent that disease.


Ab

The first letter of each of the two syllables of antibody.


Ag

en-noun

Ag (countable and uncountable, plural Ags)

Ag receptor


B

From abbreviations of various terms beginning with or containing the letter ‘B’.
* (billion): abbreviation of billion
* (cricket): abbreviation of balls
* (bitch): abbreviation of bitch

Mind your Bs and Ts
[…] And if the combined efforts of macrophages, b cells and t cells are sufficient, the pathogen will be beaten back and eventually cleared from the body.

2020 May 2, “Leaving lockdown means understanding immune responses to the virus”, in The Economist:


Fab

fragment antigen-binding
fragment antigen-binding#English

(immunology) Abbreviation of fragment antigen-binding.


T

T (countable and uncountable, plural Ts)

Mind your Bs and Ts'
The other prong comes in the form of “T” lymphocytes (which mature in the thymus). These recognise and kill infected body cells.


MAC

MAC (countable and uncountable, plural MACs)

membrane attack complex
membrane attack complex#English

(immunology) Initialism of membrane attack complex, a part of the complement system of the innate immune system.


antitoxin

These albuminous substances, whether found as normal products or created artificially in the blood, are distinguished as antitoxins, protective proteïds, vaccines, or alexines; physiologically they have been divided into sozines, those found in animals naturally immune, and phylaxines, those found in animals which by subcutaneous injections have artificially been made immune.

1895, Frantz Peckel Möller, Cod-liver Oil and Chemistry, page 442:

(medicine) An antibody capable of neutralizing specific toxins.


uropod

/ˈjʊəɹəˌpɒd/

(immunology) the hind part of polarized leukocytes, mostly involved in cell-to-cell interaction, cell activation and apoptosis.


PSA

PSA (countable and uncountable, plural PSAs)

A high PSA reading indicates a possibility of cancer.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 421:

prostate-specific antigen
prostate-specific antigen#English

(medicine, immunology) Initialism of prostate-specific antigen.


tonsil

Late 16th century borrowing from French tonsille or Latin tonsillae (“the tonsils in the throat”, plural).

bor

(anatomy, immunology) Ellipsis of palatine tonsil.

(anatomy, immunology) Any of various small masses of lymphoid tissues.


antiphagocytic

(immunology) impeding or preventing the action of phagocytes or the occurrence of phagocytosis


lymph node

(anatomy, immunology) Each of the small oval bodies of the lymphatic system, distributed along the lymphatic vessels, that are clustered in the armpits, groin, neck, chest and abdomen. They act as filters, with an internal honeycomb of connective tissue filled with lymphocytes and macrophages that collect and destroy bacteria, viruses and foreign matter from lymph. When the body is fighting an infection, these lymphocytes multiply rapidly and produce a characteristic swelling of the lymph nodes.

عُقْدَة لِمْفَاوِيَّة

filtrating oval bodies of the lymphatic system


MPA

(immunology) Initialism of microscopic polyangiitis.


immune system

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-immune system.wav

(anatomy, immunology) The system that differentiates self from non-self and protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing an immune response. It includes organs such as the thymus, the spleen and lymph nodes; tissue such as bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils; cells such as lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and cell products such as antibodies.

իմունային համակարգ

system that protects the body from foreign material and organisms


phagocytize

en-verb

phagocytize (third-person singular simple present phagocytizes, present participle phagocytizing, simple past and past participle phagocytized)

phagocytizes (present singular third-person)
phagocytizing (participle present)
phagocytized (participle past)
phagocytized (past)

(immunology, cytology, US) To ingest (something) by phagocytosis.


APC

antigen-presenting cell
antigen-presenting cell#English

(immunology) Initialism of antigen-presenting cell.


immunogenic

en-adj

immunogenic (comparative more immunogenic, superlative most immunogenic)

more immunogenic (comparative)
most immunogenic (superlative)

(immunology) that produces a reaction from the immune system; antigenic.


inoculate

en-verb

inoculate (third-person singular simple present inoculates, present participle inoculating, simple past and past participle inoculated)

inoculates (present singular third-person)
inoculating (participle present)
inoculated (participle past)
inoculated (past)

From Middle English inoculate, from Latin inoculātus, perfect passive participle of inoculō (“ingraft an eye or bud of one plant into (another), implant”), from in (“in”) + oculus (“an eye”).

But you would not willingly thus give up the Cause; therefore endeavour to draw others into your Assistance, and venture to assert, that by the Account Dr. Nettleton gives, as also by the best Observation upon those who have been Inoculated in this City, scarcely a fourth part of them have had a true and genuine Small Pox.

1722, John Crawford, The Case of Inoculating the Small-pox Consider'd: And Its Advantages Asserted; in a Review of Dr. Wagstaffe's Letter. Wherein Every Thing that Author Has Advanced Against It, is Fully Confuted: and Inoculation Proved a Safe, Beneficial, and Laudable Practice.:

The sense that it takes outrageous fortune to get inoculated echoes here in the Bay Area, where pharmacies have canceled flu-shot clinics, doctors turn away pleading patients and health officials are reduced to telling panicked callers that they should practice good personal hygiene.

2004 October 29, Marco R. Della Cava, “Vaccine shortage pricks tempers”, in Statesman Journal, volume 152, number 214, Salem, OR, page 2A:

(transitive, immunology) To introduce an antigenic substance or vaccine into something (e.g. the body) or someone, such as to produce immunity to a specific disease.


chemokine

(biochemistry, immunology) Any of various chemotactic cytokines, produced during inflammation, that organize the leukocytes.


cytokine

/ˈsa͜ɪˌɾəˌka͜ɪn/

From cyto- + Ancient Greek κίνησις (kínēsis, “movement”).

der

Thus, in the case of viral infection, mechanisms of resistance would be threefold, namely, interferon production, the immune response, including both antibody and lymphokine production, and the generation of lymphokine-like substances by the infected cells themselves. These latter substances have been defined as cytokines.

1975 July 16, Bigazzi PE, Yoshida T, Ward PA, Cohen S., “Production of Lymphokine-Like Factors (Cytokines) by Simian Virus 40-Infected and Simian Virus 40-Transformed Cell”, in The American Journal of Pathology, volume 80, number 1, page 69:

A fundamental feature expressed by the vast majority of cytokines is a profound immunomodulatory activity.
Many cytokines, presently available in pure recombinant form, modify bone cell metabolism.

1991, Maxine Gowen, Cytokines and Bone Metabolism, page 26:

The cytokines are generally considered to be a group of peptides secreted by cells of the immune system such as macrophages, lymphocytes and T cells, although the same peptides may also be secreted by non-immune cells such as neurological tissues and adipocytes.

2012, Victor R. Preedy, Ross Hunter, editors, Preface: Cytokines, page v:

The cytokines provide a classic example of products of the immune system which alter brain and endocrine activities. A variety of cytokines, including interleukin 1, interleukin 2, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α, have been traditionally associated with peripheral control of the immune system, inflammation, and acute phase response.

2013, Errol B. De Souza, editor, Preface: Neurobiology of Cytokines: Methods in Neurosciences, volume 16, page xiii:

Surprisingly, mTOR inhibitors displayed little inhibitory efficacy regarding receptor modulation and cytokine production which may be clinically relevant in terms of the risk of underimmunosuppression with this class of drugs.

2015 July 6, “NK Cells of Kidney Transplant Recipients Display an Activated Phenotype that Is Influenced by Immunosuppression and Pathological Staging”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

(biochemistry, immunology) Any of various small regulatory proteins that regulate the cells of the immune system.

細胞因子 /细胞因子

any of various small regulatory proteins


antitoxic

(immunology) that counteracts a toxin or poison


allogeneic

/ˌæləd͡ʒəˈniɪk/

(immunology) Of a reaction that occurs when cells are transplanted into a genetically different recipient.


granulocyte

This is easily explained, because pathological cells that are only occasional wanderers into the free circulation, aside from the granulocyte group, probably all are "mononuclear" , "non-granular", and "large" , characteristics which, all authors agree, brand cells as belonging to the "large lymphocytes".

1908 September 16, Charles A. Elliott, “The atypical and large mononuclear cells of the blood”, in Quarterly Bulletin of the Northwestern University Medical School, volume 10, number 2, page 2:

(cytology, immunology) Any of various white blood cells that have granules in their cytoplasm.


plasma cell

(immunology) A form of B cell that produces antibodies after having reacted with its specific antigen in follicle centers.


immunity

en-noun

immunity (countable and uncountable, plural immunities)

From Middle English immunite, from Old French immunité, from Latin immūnitās, in the legal sense; for the medical use see immunization.

Some people have better immunity to diseases than others.

(uncountable) The state of being insusceptible to something; notably:

(medicine) Protective resistance against disease.

حَصَانَة

the quality of being resistant to infection


histocompatibility antigen

histocompatibility antigen (plural histocompatibility antigens)

(immunology) Any of the human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) which are the determinants of histocompatibility


antigenic

(immunology) Of or relating to an antigen.


immunochemistry

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-immunochemistry.wav

(chemistry, immunology) The study of the structure of antibody molecules (immunoglobulins) and of their ability to bind with antigens of diverse chemical structure.


immunoglobulin

The recent observation that a heat labile human immunoglobulin, IgE , could mediate the release of both histamine and SRS-Aᵐᵒⁿᵏᵉʸ from primate lung slices (Ishizaka et al., 1969), prompted a re-examination of the biologic activity of rat heat labile homocytotropic antibody.

1969, Robert P. Orange, K. Frank Austen, “Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis”, in Advances in Immunology - Volume 10, page 144:

(biochemistry, immunology) Any of the glycoproteins in blood serum that respond to invasion by foreign antigens and that protect the host by removing pathogens; an antibody.


immunological

It has been reported that periparturient cows undergo a period of immunosuppression of various immunological parameters associated with a high susceptibility to uterine and mammary infections […]

2015 August 29, “Different Blood Cell-Derived Transcriptome Signatures in Cows Exposed to Vaccination Pre- or Postpartum”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


immunology

immunology (usually uncountable, plural immunologies)

Obviously, licentiates to practice medicine should receive instruction of a definite and practical nature in this important branch of modern medicine, or immunology should receive a place in the classification of specialties, a fact which the importance of the subject may command.

1915, Benjamin Abraham Thomas, Applied Immunology:

(medicine) The branch of medicine that concerns the body's immune system.


immunosuppression

immunosuppression (usually uncountable, plural immunosuppressions)

(immunology, medicine) The suppression of the immune response, especially its active medical suppression by human agency (via immunosuppressant drugs) to treat autoimmune diseases or to prevent allograft rejection after transplant.

نقص المناعة

medical suppression of the immune response


immune response

immune response (plural immune responses)

(immunology) The body's integrated response to an antigen, mediated by lymphocytes.

resposta immunitària

the body's integrated response to antigens


immunotherapy

(immunology) The treatment of disease (especially cancers and autoimmune diseases) by adjusting the body's immune response.

(immunology, oncology) The treatment of cancer by improving the ability of the host to reject a tumour immunologically: cancer immunotherapy.


immunologically

en-adv

immunologically (comparative more immunologically, superlative most immunologically)

more immunologically (comparative)
most immunologically (superlative)

This kind of warfare [i.e., biological] would have us devouring the world’s children in a manner of speaking and those who are immunologically impaired, presuming we were going to immunize our own population but not those of the antagonist. Thus we would be conducting warfare which by definition would be indiscriminate rather than selective. We would lose control of the evolution of the bacteria that we would be releasing in the multitrillions.

1992, Douglas MacLean, quoting Marc Lappé, “Ethics and Biological Defense Research”, in Raymond A[llan] Zilinskas, editor, The Microbiologist and Biological Defense Research: Ethics, Politics, and International Security (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences; 666), New York, N.Y.: The New York Academy of Sciences, →ISBN, part II (Ethics of Biological Defense Research), page 112:

(immunology) Using immunological methods.


monoclonal

(immunochemistry) something produced from a single clone, especially a monoclonal antibody


B cell

Mature B cells produce complex proteins called immunoglobins which combine to form antibodies, each capable of binding to a specific molecular structure.

2011, Terence Allen, Graham Cowling, The Cell: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 89:

(immunology) A lymphocyte, developed in the bursa of birds and the bone marrow of other animals, that produces antibodies and is co-responsible for the immune system.

B-cell

especially when used in attributive position

leucocyte = leukocyte = white blood cell = WBC > agranulocyte > lymphocyte


T cell

(immunology) A lymphocyte, from the thymus, that can recognise specific antigens and can activate or deactivate other immune cells.

cèl·lula T

lymphocyte that can recognise specific antigens and can activate or deactivate other immune cells


agonistic monoclonal antibody

en-noun

agonistic monoclonal antibody (plural agonistic monoclonal antibodies)

agonistic monoclonal antibodies (plural)

(immunology) A monoclonal antibody that aims to boost the human immune system either to fight infection or cancer.


immunogenicity

immunogenicity (countable and uncountable, plural immunogenicities)

One of the first examples of the immunogenicity of recombinantly derived antibodies was with murine anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (OKT3) used in the induction of immunosupression after organ transplantation.

2002, Gilbert S. Banker, Christopher T. Rhodes, Modern Pharmaceutics, 4th edition, Informa Health Care, →ISBN, page 699:

(immunology) The ability of a particular substance to provoke an immune response.


CAR

CAR (countable and uncountable, plural CARs)

chimeric antigen receptor
chimeric antigen receptor#English

(countable, immunology) Initialism of chimeric antigen receptor.


allo-

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-allo-.wav

From Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos, “other”), from Proto-Hellenic *áľľos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos (English else).

alloresponse is an alloimmune response, alloreaction is an immune response to an alloantigen, alloresponsive is that generates an alloresponse

(biology, medicine) Nonself; nonself but of the same species.

(immunology) Alloimmunity; (biology, medicine, transplantation) transplantation of cells or tissues from one person to another.


autoimmunity

autoimmunity (countable and uncountable, plural autoimmunities)

This can be demonstrated in NOD mice in which a point mutation in the autoimmune regulator (Aire) gene results in the reduced expression of P0 in the thymus and a concomitant increase of P0 specific T cells in the periphery. 107 Similarly, autoimmunity is shifted towards the peripheral nerve in another NOD model deficient for isoforms of ICAM-1. 108 Altered expression of ICAM-1 on thymic epithelial cells transforms selection of T cells from a diabetogenic into a neuritogenic repertoire. 108 Studies such as these highlight the critical role of regulatory mechanisms in maintaining immune homeostasis and the impact that changes to regulation can have on the development of disease.

2015 February 12, Emily K Mathey et al., “Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: from pathology to phenotype”, in Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, volume 86, →DOI:

Iberdomide, a cereblon modulator promoting degradation of the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos, which affect leukocyte development and autoimmunity, is being evaluated for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

2022 March 17, Joan T. Merrill, Victoria P. Werth, Richard Furie et al., “Phase 2 Trial of Iberdomide in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus”, in The New England Journal of Medicine, volume 386, number 11, →DOI, page 1034:

(pathology, immunology) The condition where one's immune system attacks one's own tissues, i.e., an autoimmune disorder.

autoimmunitat

condition where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues


autoimmune

/ˌɔːtəʊɪˈmjuːn/

(pathology, immunology) Of or pertaining to autoimmunity.


CD4 (countable and uncountable, plural CD4s)

Initialism of cluster of differentiation type 4.

initialism

(countable, uncountable, immunology) A glycoprotein found on the surface of helper T cells and several other types of immune cells.

In short, while CD4 counts can tell you where you are now, the viral load tells you where you are going.

1996 September, Louise Rice, “New Knowledges, New Treatments, New Hope”, in Gay Community News, page 5:

(countable, immunology) A CD4+ helper T cell.


opsonin

From Ancient Greek ὀψωνέω (opsōnéō, “to purchase provisions, to buy victuals, to cater”) + -in.

der

Any chemical produced by the body, including antibodies and complement proteins, that causes a pathogen to be more susceptible to phagocytosis.


opsonization

en-noun

opsonization (countable and uncountable, plural opsonizations)

(immunology) The process or result of opsonizing


polytypic

en-adj

polytypic (comparative more polytypic, superlative most polytypic)

more polytypic (comparative)
most polytypic (superlative)

From Ancient Greek πολῠ- (polŭ-) + τῠπῐκός (tŭpĭkós). By surface analysis, poly- + type + -ic.

(immunology) of an antibody response, involving several antibodies


antigenicity

(immunology) The ability, or degree of ability, to react with the products of an immune response.

Antigenität

the ability to react with the products of an immune response


tissue typing

(medicine, immunology) A procedure in which the tissues of a prospective donor and recipient are tested for compatibility prior to transplantation.


immunostimulant

(immunology, pharmacology) Any substance that stimulates an immune response.


immunostimulant

immunostimulant (comparative more immunostimulant, superlative most immunostimulant)

more immunostimulant (comparative)
most immunostimulant (superlative)

(immunology, pharmacology) That stimulates an immune response.


radioimmunoprecipitation

(immunology) immunoprecipitation using antigens or antibodies labelled with radioisotopes


multivalent

multivalent (comparative more multivalent, superlative most multivalent)

more multivalent (comparative)
most multivalent (superlative)

(immunology) Having more than one attachment site for an antibody or antigen.


immunodeficiency

en-noun

immunodeficiency (countable and uncountable, plural immunodeficiencies)

A depletion in the body's natural immune system, or in some component of it.


immunisation

immunisation (countable and uncountable, plural immunisations)

From French immunisation. Equivalent to immunise + -ation or immune + -isation.

The larger the number of immunised people in the community the less easy is the spread of disease from one person to another. […] For the purpose of creating ‘herd immunity’, as this process is sometimes called, it is necessary to achieve 80 per cent immunisation of the community.

1978, G. J. Ebrahim, Practical Mother and Child Health in Developing Countries (Macmillan Tropical Community Health Manuals), revised edition, London: The Macmillan Press, →ISBN; ELBS edition, London: English Language Book Society and Macmillan Education, 1980 (1982 printing), →ISBN, page 56:

All babies born in the UK will receive the hepatitis B jab as part of their routine immunisations from the autumn in an effort to drive down viral infections that cause cirrhosis and liver cancer.

2017 July 9, Ian Sample, “Hepatitis B jab to be added to immunisations of babies born in UK”, in The Guardian:

(British spelling, immunology) Alternative spelling of immunization


cytohesin

(biochemistry, immunology) Any of a family of proteins, abundant in cells of the immune system, that are regulatory factors in lymphocytes.


immunodominant

(immunology) Relating to the epitope of a molecule that provokes the most intense immune response


leucocyte

The outer chamber contains the supratympanal organ together with leucocytes and adipose cells.

1977, O. W. Richards, R. G. Davies, Imms' General Textbook of Entomology, Tenth edition, Volume I: Structure, Physiology and Development, London: Chapman and Hall, page 133:

(immunology) Alternative spelling of leukocyte


phagocytise

en-verb

phagocytise (third-person singular simple present phagocytises, present participle phagocytising, simple past and past participle phagocytised)

phagocytises (present singular third-person)
phagocytising (participle present)
phagocytised (participle past)
phagocytised (past)

(immunology, cytology, British) To ingest (something) by phagocytosis.


humoral immunity

en-noun

humoral immunity (plural humoral immunities)

(immunology) Immunity to infection due to antibodies, which circulate in the blood and lymph, and which are produced by B cells.


cross-dress

en-verb

cross-dress (third-person singular simple present cross-dresses, present participle cross-dressing, simple past and past participle cross-dressed)

cross-dresses (present singular third-person)
cross-dressing (participle present)
cross-dressed (participle past)
cross-dressed (past)

/ˈkɹɔsˈdɹɛs/

/ˈkɹɒsˈdɹɛs/

Such DC are cross-dressed because they are wearing peptide-MHC complexes generated by other cells.

2006 November 1, Brian P. Dolan et al., “Dendritic Cells Cross-Dressed with Peptide MHC Class I Complexes Prime CD8+ T Cells”, in Journal of Immunology, volume 177, number 9, →DOI, pages 6018–6024:

(immunology) To display (on the surface of a dendritic cell) antigens produced by a different cell.


hapten

Early 20th century: from German Hapten, from Ancient Greek ἅπτειν (háptein, “to fasten”).

der

(immunology) Any small molecule that can elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein.


haptenic

(immunology) Of or pertaining to a hapten


booster

When did you get your last tetanus booster?

In the September vaccine monitor survey from the Kaiser Family Foundation, 71 percent of unvaccinated respondents said the need for boosters indicated that the vaccines were not working.

2021 October 11, Jan Hoffman, “Boosters Are Complicating Efforts to Persuade the Unvaccinated to Get Shots”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


cross-dressing

Now, a study published in Nature shows that cross-dressing does indeed occur and is important for boosting memory CD8+ T cell responses in vivo.

2011 April 21, Olive Leavy, “Cross-dress to impress”, in Nature Reviews Immunology, volume 11, number 302, →DOI:

(immunology) Display by antigen-presenting cells of antigens obtained from the surface of infected cells.


cytotoxic T cell

en-noun

cytotoxic T cell (plural cytotoxic T cells)

(immunology) A subtype of T cell, capable of inducing death in infected somatic or tumor cells.

tappaja-T-solu

T cell capable of inducing death to alien cells


eosinophil

From German eosinophil, from eosin (“rose dye, from Ancient Greek ἠώς (ēṓs, “dawn”) + -in”) + -o- + -phile.

af

(cytology, immunology) A white blood cell responsible for combating infection by parasites in the body.


acidophil

(immunology) An eosinophil; a white blood cell responsible for combating infection by parasites in the body.


eosinophil granulocyte

en-noun

eosinophil granulocyte (plural eosinophil granulocytes)

(immunology) A type of white blood cell commonly referred to as eosinophils.


polyreaction

(immunology) Nonspecific reaction towards a range of materials


priming

(immunology) The first contact that an antigen-specific T helper cell precursors have with an antigen.


lymphoblastic

(US, cytology, immunology) Of or pertaining to a lymphoblast.


lymph gland

(anatomy, immunology, informal) Synonym of lymph node.


lymphatic node

(anatomy, immunology) Synonym of lymph node.


lymphoglandula

lymphoglandula (plural lymphoglandulae or lymphoglandulas)

lymphoglandulae (plural)
lymphoglandulas (plural)

Borrowing from New Latin lymphoglandula, from lympha (“clear water”) + glandula (“a small acorn”), equivalent to lympho- + glandula.


lymphonodus

Borrowing from New Latin lymphonōdus, from lympha (“clear water”) + nōdus (“a knot, knob, node”); equivalent to lympho- + nodus.


natural killer

natural killers (plural)
as: NK (abbreviation)


natural killer cell

en-noun

natural killer cell (plural natural killer cells)

The description "natural killer" refers to the fact that they do not require activation to kill cells missing MHC class I "self" markers.

While such information doesn't assist us in deciding whether natural killer cells derive from a macrophage or T cell lineage, it does tell us that the mouse natural killer cell system is a thymus dependent system.

1982, Gustavo Cudkowicz, “Regulation of Natural Cytotoxic Activity”, in Sigurd J. Normann, Ernst Sorkin, editors, Macrophages and Natural Killer Cells, Plenum Press, page 767:

1984, Meir Kende, Joseph Gainer, Michael A. Chirigos (editors), Chemical Regulation of Immunity in Veterinary Medicine: Proceedings of a Symposium, A. R. Liss, page 138,
Natural killer cell activity is currently an area of active interest in cellular immunology (Herberman 1981).

The effects of lead exposure of varying duration on natural killer cell and T-lymphocyte function were investigated in rats.

1999, Toxicological Profile for Lead, United States Department of Health and Human Services, page 173:

(immunology) Any cell that expresses cell surface receptors that deliver signals to either activate or inhibit a response as part of the innate immune system.

cytotoxic T cell

performs an analogous role for the adaptive immune system


nephelometry

From Ancient Greek νεφέλη (nephélē, “cloud”) + -metry.

(immunology) A technique used to determine the levels of antibodies or antigens in a suspension, based on its light-scattering properties.


haptenize

en-verb

haptenize (third-person singular simple present haptenizes, present participle haptenizing, simple past and past participle haptenized)

haptenizes (present singular third-person)
haptenizing (participle present)
haptenized (participle past)
haptenized (past)

(immunology, transitive) To react an antigenic compound (a hapten) with a carrier protein in order to stimulate an immune response.


ACA

anti-cardiolipin antibody
w:Anti-cardiolipin antibodies

(immunology) Initialism of anti-cardiolipin antibody.

anti-centromere antibody
w:Anti-centromere antibodies

(immunology) Initialism of anti-centromere antibody.

(immunology) Initialism of antigen-capture assay.


booster dose

A dose of an antigen designed to strengthen immunity after an earlier immunizing dose.


booster shot

A dose of an antigen (usually a vaccine) designed to strengthen immunity after an earlier immunizing dose.


immunosuppressive

en-adj

immunosuppressive (comparative more immunosuppressive, superlative most immunosuppressive)

more immunosuppressive (comparative)
most immunosuppressive (superlative)

It is predictable that some of these infections occur in individuals immunocompromised by malnutrition or underlying disease (notably cancer or AIDS) or by immunosuppressive therapy.

2013, Robert H. Rubin, Lowell S. Young, Clinical Approach to Infection in the Compromised Host, →ISBN, page 275:

(pharmacology, immunology) Having the capability to suppress the immune system, capable of immunosuppression.


immunosuppressive

(pharmacology, immunology) An agent which is capable of immunosuppression.


immunosuppressor

(immunology, pharmacology) An immunosuppressive agent.


immunosuppressant

immunosuppressant (comparative more immunosuppressant, superlative most immunosuppressant)

more immunosuppressant (comparative)
most immunosuppressant (superlative)

(pharmacology) Capable of immunosuppression, immunosuppressive.


immunosuppressant

(pharmacology) An immunosuppressive agent.


serotype

An isolate from raw fish, serotype 0:6, unable to invade HeLa cells and negative for heat-stable enterotoxin, was clinically avirulent in this model and caused no lesions by histological examination.

2012, Gerald T. Keusch, “Invasive Bacterial Diarrheas”, in Lincoln Chen, editor, Diarrhea and Malnutrition, page 54:

(immunology) A group of microorganisms characterised by a specific set of antigens.


basophil

(cytology) Any cell that has granules stained by basic stains.

(cytology, immunology) A white blood cell responsible for inflammatory reactions during immune response.


immunocompetence

en-noun

immunocompetence (countable and uncountable, plural immunocompetences)

Near-synonym: immunocapability

(immunology) The body's capacity to develop an immune response following exposure to an antigen; full capability of a healthy immune system.


alloimmunity

alloimmunity (countable and uncountable, plural alloimmunities)

From allo- + immunity or allo- + immune + -ity or alloimmune + -ity.

(biology, immunology, medicine) Immunity, obtained from another, against one's own cells.

Alloimmunität

immune response to foreign antigens from members of the same species


immunocompetent

(immunology) Having a functioning immune system.


allotype

The products of allelic forms of the same gene are known as allotypes. Allotypes are now known for all mouse heavy chains (Stall, 1995). There are no known serologically detectable allotypes of mouse κ chains.

1996, James W. Goding, Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Practice, 3rd edition, Academic Press, page 102:

Since different individuals of the same species may have different allotypes, these determinants can be used as genetic markers.
The most common technique used for allotype determination is hemagglutination-inhibition.

2007, Janardan P. Pandey, “7: Genetics of Immunoglobulins”, in Gabriel Virella, editor, Medical Immunology, 6th edition, Informa Healthcare, page 77:

Allotypes were originally defined by antisera that differentiated allelic variants of immunoglobulin (Ig) subclasses. The allotype is due to the existence of different alleles at the genetic locus that determines the expression of a given determinant.

2009, Julius M. Cruse, Robert E. Lewis, Illustrated Dictionary of Immunology, 3rd edition, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 32:

immunoglobulin allotype
immunoglobulin allotype

(immunology) An immunoglobulin allotype; the allele of the antibody chains found in an individual.


anergy

anergy (countable and uncountable, plural anergies)

From New Latin anergia, from Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-, “not, without”) + ἔργον (érgon, “work”).

(immunology) Lack of immunity to an antigen.


allogenic

en-adj

allogenic (comparative more allogenic, superlative most allogenic)

more allogenic (comparative)
most allogenic (superlative)

/ˌæləˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/

(medicine, biology, genetics, immunology) Alternative form of allogeneic: genetically distinct, but of the same species; nonself but intraspecies.


CRP

C-reactive protein
C-reactive protein#English

(biochemistry, immunology) Initialism of C-reactive protein.


immunomodulatory

(immunology) Having the ability to alter or regulate immune functions


coimmunoprecipitation

(immunology) The immunoprecipitation of multiple antigens at the same time


immunoprecipitation

en-noun

immunoprecipitation (countable and uncountable, plural immunoprecipitations)

We carried out sequential immunoprecipitations of cell lysates.

(immunology) A technique in which an antigen is precipitated from solution by using an antibody, or a particular use of this technique.


immunocytochemical

(immunology) Relating to immunocytochemistry


immunocytochemistry

(immunology, chemistry) The field of study that encompasses immunochemistry and cytochemistry

immunosytokemia

the field of study that encompasses immunochemistry and cytochemistry


immunolabeling

(immunology) A method of identifying antigens by using antibodies containing a fluorescent tag


immunolabel

en-verb

immunolabel (third-person singular simple present immunolabels, present participle immunolabeling or immunolabelling, simple past and past participle immunolabeled or immunolabelled)

immunolabels (present singular third-person)
immunolabeling (participle present)
immunolabelling (participle present)
immunolabeled (participle past)
immunolabeled (past)
immunolabelled (participle past)
immunolabelled (past)

(immunology, transitive) To analyze antigens by using immunolabeling


immunostaining

en-noun

immunostaining (countable and uncountable, plural immunostainings)

(uncountable, immunology) Any of several staining techniques that are used to detect specific proteins.

(countable, immunology) An application of any such technique.


immunocompromised

More than seven million adults in the United States, or about 3 percent, are characterized by health professionals as immunocompromised because of a disease, medication or other treatment that weakens their body’s immune response, meaning that diseases such as Covid-19 can be more deadly to them, and that vaccines offer less protection.

2022 February 17, Amanda Morris and Maggie Astor, “Vulnerable to the Virus, High-Risk Americans Feel Pain as the U.S. Moves On”, in The New York Times:

(immunology) Having an immune system that has been impaired by disease or treatment.

immuunipuutteinen

having an immune system that has been impaired


hybridoma

hybridoma (plural hybridomas or hybridomata)

hybridomas (plural)
hybridomata (plural)

Athymic (nude) mice and rats were inoculated intraperitoneally with rat-mouse hybridoma cells secreting monoclonal antibodies to rat MHC class I antigens in order to improve the yield of antibodies.

1982, Saad A. Noeman, Dhirendra N.Misra, Robert J. Yankes, Heinz W. Kunz, Thomas J. Gill III, “Growth of Rat-mouse hybridomas in nude mice and nude rats”, in Journal of Immunological Methods, →DOI:

(immunology) A hybrid cell engineered from a lymphocyte and a tumour cell; used to generate monoclonal antibodies


immunosurveillance

(immunology) The continuous monitoring process of the immune system whereby abnormal cells are recognized and destroyed


lymphocytic

en-adj

lymphocytic (comparative more lymphocytic, superlative most lymphocytic)

more lymphocytic (comparative)
most lymphocytic (superlative)


allergic rhinitis

(pathology, immunology) A group of symptoms similar to those of a cold such as runny nose and sore throat, caused by an allergic reaction to an allergen such as dust, plant pollens or animal dander.


immunogen

(immunology) Any substance that elicits an immune response; an antigen


immunopotentiation

en-noun

immunopotentiation (countable and uncountable, plural immunopotentiations)

(immunology) The accentuation of an immune response by the administration of another substance (an adjuvant).


immunosorbent

(immunology) An antibody that is used to remove a specific antigen from a mixture.

(immunology) An antigen that is used to remove a specific antibody from a mixture.


immunotoxic

en-adj

immunotoxic (comparative more immunotoxic, superlative most immunotoxic)

more immunotoxic (comparative)
most immunotoxic (superlative)

(immunology) Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of an immunotoxin; toxic to the immune system


syngenic

syngenic (comparative more syngenic, superlative most syngenic)

more syngenic (comparative)
most syngenic (superlative)


immunoreceptor

(immunology) A family of receptors found on leukocytes that regulate cell activity in an immune response.


serodiscordant

(immunology) Of a couple with one partner HIV positive and the other HIV negative.


immunoglobulin E

(immunology) A class of antibody (or immunoglobulin "isotype") found in mammals.


immunoglobin

(immunology, biochemistry) Any protein that functions as an antibody


allotypical

(immunology, rare) Allotypic: of, due to, or pertaining to an allotype.


bacterin

Any of the above may result in an improper bacterin being given[…]

1914, Franklin Henry Martin, Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics, page 258:

[…] the object of bacterin therapy is to produce an active resistance […]

1918, James William White, White and Martin's Genito-urinary surgery and venereal diseases, page 86:

A suspension of killed or attenuated bacteria for use as a vaccine.


antigenically

(immunology) In the manner of an antigen


immunogenetics

(immunology, genetics) The study of the genetic basis for the immune response, and of the relationships between genetics and immunity from disease


isotype

(immunology) A marker corresponding to an antigen found in all members of a subclass of a specific class of immunoglobulins


immunotherapeutic

immunotherapeutic (comparative more immunotherapeutic, superlative most immunotherapeutic)

more immunotherapeutic (comparative)
most immunotherapeutic (superlative)

(immunology, medicine) Of a pharmaceutical, acting on the immune system to treat disease; used in immunotherapy.


lingual tonsil

(anatomy, immunology) A rounded mass or group of small nodules of lymphatic tissue that cover the base of the tongue just anterior to the epiglottis.


cross-reactivity

en-noun

cross-reactivity (countable and uncountable, plural cross-reactivities)

(immunology) The degree to which an antigen is effective against an antibody that was generated against a different antigen


splenocyte

(biology, immunology) A type of monocyte characteristically found in spleen tissue


immunohistochemical

2015 January 7, “An immunohistochemical study of CD83- and CD1a-positive dendritic cells in the decidua of women with recurrent spontaneous abortion”, in European Journal of Medical Research, archived from the original on 2022-12-02:

(immunology, histology) Of, pertaining to, or by means of immunohistochemistry, the use of immunological techniques to study the chemistry of tissues.


immunohistochemical

(immunology, histology) Any immunological histochemical


phagocytose

en-verb

phagocytose (third-person singular simple present phagocytoses, present participle phagocytosing, simple past and past participle phagocytosed)

phagocytoses (present singular third-person)
phagocytosing (participle present)
phagocytosed (participle past)
phagocytosed (past)

(immunology, cytology) To phagocytize; to ingest by phagocytosis.


antimaternal

en-adj

antimaternal (comparative more antimaternal, superlative most antimaternal)

more antimaternal (comparative)
most antimaternal (superlative)

an antimaternal antibody

(immunology) Pertaining to an immune response against the mother


autoreactive

autoreactive (comparative more autoreactive, superlative most autoreactive)

more autoreactive (comparative)
most autoreactive (superlative)

an autoreactive T-cell clone

(immunology, medicine) Acting against the organism by which it was produced


antiphosphorylated

The phosphorylation levels were detected with antiphosphorylated antibodies by Western blot analysis.

2005, W. Zhang, “Leukotriene B4 receptor inhibitor LY293111 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human anaplastic large-cell lymphoma cells via JNK phosphorylation”, in Leukemia, volume 19, →DOI:

(molecular biology, immunochemistry) Bonding specifically to a phosphorylated antigen


(immunology) an antigen, part of the T cell receptor (TCR) complex on mature T lymphocytes


ablastin

From Ancient Greek ἄβλαστος (áblastos, “not germinating”) + English -in (“enzyme”).

der

(immunology) An immunoglobulin G antibody efficient against some protozoans, specifically Trypanosoma lewisi, by preventing reproduction.


immunochemical

/ˌɪˌmjuːnəʊˈkɛmɪkəl/

(immunology) Any immunoactive chemical compound.


vaccinator

In mid-2007, GPEI thought it had made significant headway; a "third party" had brokered an agreement with the Taliban to let polio vaccinators work unimpeded.

2009 February 6, Leslie Roberts, “POLIO ERADICATION: Looking for a Little Luck”, in Science, volume 323, number 5915, →DOI, pages 702–705:

A person or agent that administers vaccines.


immunolocalization

en-noun

immunolocalization (countable and uncountable, plural immunolocalizations)

(immunology) The use of immunological techniques to identify the location of molecules or other structures within cells or tissues


immunotype

en-verb

immunotype (third-person singular simple present immunotypes, present participle immunotyping, simple past and past participle immunotyped)

immunotypes (present singular third-person)
immunotyping (participle present)
immunotyped (participle past)
immunotyped (past)

(immunology) To separate and analyse immunotypes


nonself

en-noun

nonself (countable and uncountable, plural nonselfs or nonselves)

In his classic monograph describing the clonal selection theory of the immune response, Burnet (1959) suggested that the immune system distinguishes between self (no antibody response) and nonself (antibody response).

1961, George F. Vande Woude, George Klein, Advances in Cancer Research:

(immunology, uncountable) All agents and substances that are not the body's own.


neoepitope

(immunology) A new epitope, or an epitope on a neoantigen


immunochemist

A chemist whose specialty is immunochemistry.


immunopositive

(immunology) That generates a positive response to a test for a specific antigen or antibody


immunoregulation

immunoregulation (countable and uncountable, plural immunoregulations)

(immunology) The control of immune responses between lymphocytes and macrophages


tolerogenic

en-adj

tolerogenic (comparative more tolerogenic, superlative most tolerogenic)

more tolerogenic (comparative)
most tolerogenic (superlative)

(immunology) That produces immunological tolerance


tolerize

en-verb

tolerize (third-person singular simple present tolerizes, present participle tolerizing, simple past and past participle tolerized)

tolerizes (present singular third-person)
tolerizing (participle present)
tolerized (participle past)
tolerized (past)

(immunology) To induce immunological tolerance


Mantoux test

Named for Charles Mantoux (1877-1947), French physician.

(immunology) A skin test for tuberculosis, involving an injection of PPD (purified protein derivative).


bispecific

(immunology) Describing an antibody that binds to two different antigens


oxyntic

Derived from Ancient Greek ὀξύνω (oxúnō, “to sharpen”)


immunopoietic

en-adj

immunopoietic (comparative more immunopoietic, superlative most immunopoietic)

more immunopoietic (comparative)
most immunopoietic (superlative)

(immunology) That activates the immune system


immunodepression

(immunology) A deficiency in one or more components of the immune system


immunohistology

(immunology, histology) The application of the techniques of immunology to histology


serotherapy

en-noun

serotherapy (countable and uncountable, plural serotherapies)

I will take this opportunity to present various regional initiatives in serum production that are absent from most historical accounts of serotherapy, even those focusing on France.

2016, Jonathan Simon, Diphtheria Serum as a Technological Object: A Philosophical Analysis of Serotherapy in France 1894-1900:

(medicine) The therapeutic use of sera or vaccines.


nosode

(homeopathy) A homeopathic preparation of diseased matter.


homophilic

(immunology) that reacts only with a specific antigen


immunolabelling

(immunology) Alternative form of immunolabeling


antihuman

en-adj

antihuman (comparative more antihuman, superlative most antihuman)

more antihuman (comparative)
most antihuman (superlative)

(immunology, not comparable) Describing an antibody that reacts with any antigen found in (and with some relevant degree of specificity to) humans.


immunome

(immunology) All the genes and proteins associated with an immune system


immunosenescence

(immunology, pathology) The gradual deterioration of the immune system caused by the ageing process.


immunoprophylactic

(immunology) Of or pertaining to immunoprophylaxis


antiplatelet

(immunology) Working against or destroying blood platelets.


immunoserology

(immunology) The branch of serology that involves studies of the immune response


idiotype

PD mice also lacked serum Ig of 3-83 specificity (3-83 idiotype).

2000 March 31, Valerie Kouskoff et al., “T Cell-Independent Rescue of B Lymphocytes from Peripheral Immune Tolerance”, in Science, volume 287, number 5462, →DOI, pages 2501–2503:

[…] we stained µ i/ i/ B cells and controls with the Ac146, an antibody that recognizes the idiotype produced by the V B1-8 DJ H - V 3-83 J replacement combination (19 ).

1997 October 10, Fotini Papavasiliou et al., “V(D)J Recombination in Mature B Cells: A Mechanism for Altering Antibody Responses”, in Science, volume 278, number 5336, →DOI, pages 298–301:

(immunology) A characteristic shared by a group of immunoglobulin or T-cell receptor molecules, based on the antigen-binding specificity of their variable region; and thus, the resultant immunologic phenotype, which can often be specific to a person or to only a small percentage of people.

Idiotyp

characteristic shared by a group of immunoglobulin or T cell receptor molecules


heterotolerance

(immunology) Subsequent unresponsiveness to a different agonist


homotolerance

(immunology) Subsequent unresponsiveness to the same agonist.


hyporesponsive

hyporesponsive (comparative more hyporesponsive, superlative most hyporesponsive)

more hyporesponsive (comparative)
most hyporesponsive (superlative)

(immunology) Less than usually responsive


tolerizeable

tolerizeable (comparative more tolerizeable, superlative most tolerizeable)

more tolerizeable (comparative)
most tolerizeable (superlative)


immunopathogenesis

(immunology, pathology) The pathogenesis of a disease relating to the immune system


phosphospecific

phosphospecific (comparative more phosphospecific, superlative most phosphospecific)

more phosphospecific (comparative)
most phosphospecific (superlative)

(immunology) Describing an antibody that binds to phosphorylation-induced conformational changes in a protein.


immunokinetics

(immunology) The kinetics of the processes involved in the immune response


ATG

anti-thymocyte globulin
w:anti-thymocyte globulin

(immunology) Initialism of anti-thymocyte globulin.


autoreact

en-verb

autoreact (third-person singular simple present autoreacts, present participle autoreacting, simple past and past participle autoreacted)

autoreacts (present singular third-person)
autoreacting (participle present)
autoreacted (participle past)
autoreacted (past)

(immunology) To react against the organism that produced it.


autoreactivity

en-noun

autoreactivity (countable and uncountable, plural autoreactivities)

(immunology) The condition of being autoreactive.


antiherpesvirus

(immunology) Preventing or countering herpesvirus.


immunodiagnostics

(immunology) Any of several diagnostic techniques that make use of an immune response


agglutin

Rare enough to suggest that it may have originated as a haplologic misconstruction of its hypernym, agglutinin.

(immunology, medicine, rare) Any antibody that causes agglutination of cells.

aglutina

any antibody that causes agglutination of cells


immunodegradation

The inhibition of immunodegradation was most pronounced at low temperature […]

1975 May 1, Joel F. Habener, “Radioimmunoassay of Human Proparathyroid Hormone: Analysis of Hormone Content in Tissue Extracts and in Plasma”, in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism:

A special group must be mentioned: 4. artificial immunodegradation (immunosuppression)

1983, Franz Schmid, Cell Therapy: A New Dimension of Medicine, page 168:

These mechanisms include enzymatic degradation, immunodegradation, sequestration by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in the bloodstream, acid hydrolysis in the stomach, mucociliary clearance in the lungs, etc.

2016 January 22, Guanying Chen, “Nanochemistry and Nanomedicine for Nanoparticle-based Diagnostics and Therapy”, in Chemical Reviews:

(immunology, rare) Degradation of or by the immune system.


antischistosomal

(immunology, pharmacology) that counters the effects of schistosomiasis


immunoadhesin

The study builds on previous research which has shown that immunoadhesins can prevent HIV from spreading to new cells and can also kill infected cells while leaving healthy cells alone..

1990 April 28, Kelly Gaines, “New Drug Fights Perinatal HIV Infection”, in Gay Community News, page 2:

(immunology, biochemistry) Any of a family of recombinant fusion proteins


immunobead

(immunology) A very small bead coated with an antigen (or antibody) that forms aggregates in the presence of the appropriate antibody (or antigen)


autoadjuvant

(immunology) A substance that enhances the immune response to an antigen produced by the same organism


immunoconjugate

(immunology) An antibody that has a second material as a conjugate


immunoanalytical

(immunology) Describing immunological methods of analysis, or the analysis of immunological systems


neuroimmunological

(immunology) Of or pertaining to neuroimmunology.


alloreactivity

(cytology, immunology) The reaction of a lymphocyte or antibody with an alloantigen.

alorreatividade

the reaction of a lymphocyte or antibody with an alloantigen


immunochromatography

immunochromatography (countable and uncountable, plural immunochromatographies)

(immunology) A chromatographic method of immunoassay


immunoepidemiology

(immunology) The epidemiology of the immune system


horror autotoxicus

Latinate neologism coined c. 1900 by Paul Ehrlich in German, from Latin horror, auto- (“self”), toxicus (“toxic”). Compare horror vacui.

Ehrlich's dictum of horror autotoxicus makes no claim that autoantibodies may not be formed; it only suggests that they are somehow prevented from acting.

1989, Arthur M. Silverstein, A History of Immunology, →ISBN, page 163:

(historical, immunology) The now-discredited principle that the body will not harm itself by its own immune reactions.


prozone

(immunology) The range of antibody concentrations within which reaction is inhibited.


serodiscordance

Poor knowledge of HIV serodiscordance, transmission, and prevention contribute to HIV transmission risk.

2015, W. Kilembe with Wall, K. M., Mokgoro, M., Mwaanga, A., Dissen, E., Kamusoko, M, et al., “Knowledge of HIV Serodiscordance, Transmission, and Prevention among Couples in Durban, South Africa”, in PLOS ONE, volume 10, number 4, →DOI:

(immunology) The condition of being serodiscordant.


crossreaction

(immunology) a reaction between an antigen and an antibody that was formed to counteract a different (often similar) antigen


immunoabsorption

(immunology) The removal of a specific antibody by an antigen (or of an antigen by a specific antibody)


immunochemotherapy

(immunology, medicine) A combination of immunotherapy and chemotherapy


antigenemia

antigenemia (countable and uncountable, plural antigenemias)

(pathology, immunology) The presence of antigens (especially viral antigens) in the bloodstream

antigénémie

the presence of antigen (especially viral antigens) in the bloodstream


anticardiolipin

(medicine, immunology) Directed against cardiolipin


antichromatin

(medicine, immunology) Directed against chromatin


antimouse

(immunology) Describing an antibody, resident in a human or other animal, that reacts with any antigen found in (and with some relevant degree of specificity to) mice.


antirabbit

(immunology) Describing an antibody, resident in a human or other animal, that reacts with any antigen found in (and with some relevant degree of specificity to) rabbits.

anticoelho

that reacts with the immunoglobins found in rabbits


immunopeptidomics

(biochemistry, immunology) The branch of molecular biology that studies the set of immunopeptides of an organism


immunopeptide

(immunology, biochemistry) Any peptide involved in the biochemistry of the immune system


immunodominance

(immunology) The dominance of an antigen (over all others) in its ability to produce an immune response


immunoevasion

(immunology) The evasion of a host's immune response


immunoprophylaxis

immunoprophylaxis (countable and uncountable, plural immunoprophylaxes)

(immunology) The prevention of disease by administration of vaccines.


immunoscintigraphy

monoclonal antibodies
monoclonal antibody

(immunology) An imaging procedure involving administration of radioactively-labelled monoclonal antibodies


mixotope

(immunology) A mixture of very many peptides having closely-related sequences, designed as a synthetic vaccine in cases of hypervariability


neuroimmunomodulation

neuroimmunomodulation (usually uncountable, plural neuroimmunomodulations)

(immunology, physiology) The effects of the nervous system upon the immune system


immunoblast

(immunology) an antigen-activated lymphocyte that will undergo clonal expansion


tolerization

tolerization (countable and uncountable, plural tolerizations)

(immunology) The induction of immunotolerance.


autoimmunology

(immunology) The branch of immunology that studies autoimmunity


immunometric

(immunology) Of or pertaining to measurement (of biochemical systems) using antibodies

immunometrinen

of or pertaining to immunological measurements


immunonephelometric

(immunology) Relating to immunonephelometry or to a immunonephelometer


immunostainer

(immunology, cytology) Any of various devices used for staining immunological samples, or for staining biological samples immunologically


immunoediting

(immunology) The modification of the immunogenicity of a cancer (following immunosurveillance)


immunorecognition

(immunology) the recognition of epitopes by antibodies


immunoregulating

(immunology) That is involved in immunoregulation


tolerogenesis

(immunology) The generation of immunotolerance


antitransglutaminase

(biochemistry, immunology) Targeting transglutaminase.


haptenization

(immunology) The reaction of an antigenic compound (a hapten) with a carrier protein in order to stimulate an immune response.


TLI

(immunology) Initialism of trypsin-like immunoreactivity.


antidog

en-adj

antidog (comparative more antidog, superlative most antidog)

more antidog (comparative)
most antidog (superlative)

(immunology, not comparable) Describing an antibody, resident in a human or other animal, that reacts with the immunoglobins found in dogs.


antideer

(rare, immunology) Describing an antibody, resident in a human or other animal, that reacts with the immunoglobins found in deer.


antirat

(immunology) Describing an antibody, resident in a human or other animal, that reacts with the immunoglobins found in rats.


antipig

(immunology) Describing an antibody, resident in a human or other animal, that reacts with the immunoglobins found in pigs.


antihorse

(immunology) Describing an antibody, resident in a human or other animal, that reacts with the immunoglobins found in horses.


antileishmanial

(pharmacology, immunology) Acting against Leishmania parasites.


antileishmania

(immunology, pharmacology) Acting against Leishmania parasites.


antiglobulin

en-noun

antiglobulin (countable and uncountable, plural antiglobulins)


antityphoid

an antityphoid vaccine


xenoreactive

en-adj

xenoreactive (comparative more xenoreactive, superlative most xenoreactive)

more xenoreactive (comparative)
most xenoreactive (superlative)

(immunology) That generates a reaction to material from another species


antitrypanosomal

(pharmacology, immunology) Countering trypanosomes.


antismallpox

(immunology, pharmacology) Preventing or countering smallpox.


APP

en-noun

APP (countable and uncountable, plural APPs)

acute-phase protein
acute-phase protein#English

(countable, biochemistry, immunology) Initialism of acute-phase protein.


phosphoneoepitope

(immunology) A phosphorylated neoepitope


immunoinformatics

(immunology, computing) The branch of bioinformatics that deals with immunology


immunointensity

immunointensity (countable and uncountable, plural immunointensities)

(immunology) The intensity of an immune response.


multiepitope

(immunology, genetics) Involving multiple epitopes


immunoexpression

(biochemistry, immunology) The expression of a protein as a result of an immune response


immunopotentiator

(immunology) Anything that provokes immunopotentiation; an immunostimulant


heterophilic

(immunology) Having an affinity for antigens or antibodies other than the one for which it is specific.


immunocyte

(immunology) A leukocyte that is able to induce an immune response by creating antibodies.


anticomplementary

en-adj

anticomplementary (comparative more anticomplementary, superlative most anticomplementary)

more anticomplementary (comparative)
most anticomplementary (superlative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-anticomplementary.wav

(immunology) That diminishes the action of an immunological complement

αντισυμπληρωματικός

that diminishes the action of an immunological complement


decomplemented

(immunology) From which the immunological complement has been removed


immunobinding

(immunology) The direct binding of an antigen to an antibody


immunocapture

/ɪˈmjuːnəʊˌkæpt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

/ˈɪmjʊnəʊˌkæpt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

(immunology) The direct capture of an antibody spore on the surface of a small bead.


immunocapture

en-verb

immunocapture (third-person singular simple present immunocaptures, present participle immunocapturing, simple past and past participle immunocaptured)

immunocaptures (present singular third-person)
immunocapturing (participle present)
immunocaptured (participle past)
immunocaptured (past)

/ɪˈmjuːnəʊˌkæpt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

/ˈɪmjʊnəʊˌkæpt͡ʃə(ɹ)/

(immunology) To capture an antibody by using this technique


coagglutinin

(biochemistry, immunology) Any material that causes conglutination


immunoprotection

en-noun

immunoprotection (countable and uncountable, plural immunoprotections)

(immunology) protection against the affects of an antigen


immunoprotective

en-adj

immunoprotective (comparative more immunoprotective, superlative most immunoprotective)

more immunoprotective (comparative)
most immunoprotective (superlative)

(immunology) That protects against the affects of an antigen


immunoproteome

(immunology) The proteome consisting of all the proteins involved in a particular immune response


immunoscreening

en-noun

immunoscreening (usually uncountable, plural immunoscreenings)

(immunology) The detection of expressed proteins by reaction with a library of antibodies


immunosorbed

(immunology) Removed from a mixture by means of an immunosorbent.


ectoantigen

(immunology) Any antigen that is attached to the outside of a bacterium


MHC

Wederkind and Füri looked at MHC genes on chromosome 6, which are the genes involved in the definition of self and the recognition of parastic intruders by the immune system.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 144:

(immunology) Initialism of major histocompatibility complex.


antigenic variation

antigenic variation (plural antigenic variations)

(immunology) The mechanism by which an infectious organism changes its surface proteins in favor of circumventing a host immune response.

variação antigénica

the mechanism by which an infectious organism changes its surface proteins in favor of circumventing a host immune response


complement membrane attack complex

complement membrane attack complex (plural complement membrane attack complexes)

complement membrane attack complexes (plural)

(immunology) A formation of transmembrane channels on the surface of a pathogenic bacterial cell that disrupts the phospholipid bilayer of the target cell resulting in its destruction.


passive immunity

passive immunity (countable and uncountable, plural passive immunities)

Coordinate term: active immunity

(immunology) The translocation of active humoral immunity from one individual to another in the form of custom-made antibodies.


innate immune system

innate immune system (plural innate immune systems)

(immunology) The initial line of defense that entails a cascade of cells and mechanisms that protect the host from infection by different organisms in an indeterminate pattern.


complement system

complement system (plural complement systems)

(immunology) An aspect of the innate immune system that supplements the actions of the antibodies and phagocytic cells in clearing out pathogens from an organism


adaptive immune system

adaptive immune system (plural adaptive immune systems)

(immunology) A system, activated by the innate immune system, that consists of particularly specialized systemic cells and processes that remove or counter pathogenic growth.


toll-like receptor

toll-like receptor (plural toll-like receptors)

(immunology) Any of a class of proteins that are single, membrane-spanning, non-catalytic receptors that identify structurally preserved molecules acquired from microbes.


hyperrecombination

(immunology) An extreme level of recombination


immunoinhibitory

en-adj

immunoinhibitory (comparative more immunoinhibitory, superlative most immunoinhibitory)

more immunoinhibitory (comparative)
most immunoinhibitory (superlative)

(immunology) That inhibits an immune response


immunoinhibition

(immunology) The inhibition of an immune response


immunoresistance

(immunology, medicine) immunological resistance to a therapy


antiphospholipid

(immunology) Counteracting phospholipids; applied to Hughes syndrome


antitoxoplasmal

antitoxoplasmal (comparative more antitoxoplasmal, superlative most antitoxoplasmal)

more antitoxoplasmal (comparative)
most antitoxoplasmal (superlative)

(immunology) that generates an immune response with toxoplasma


immunocytofluorescence

(cytology, immunology) The use of immunofluorescence to label cells


glycoantigen

(biochemistry, immunology) Any carbohydrate that is an antigen


hyperinflammatory

(immunology, pathology) Very inflammatory


hypoimmunogenic

(immunology) Less immunogenic than normal


neuroimmune

(immunology) Describing those components of the nervous system that modulate the immune response


immunomodifier

(medicine, immunology) Any material that modifies an allergic response, especially one that augments immune function in patients


antitropomyosin

(immunology) That counters the action of tropomyosin


immunoneutralization

(immunology) The immunological neutralization of enzymes etc.


opsonisation

(British spelling, immunology) Alternative spelling of opsonization


immunodiagnostic

(medicine, immunology) Describing any diagnostic test that exploits an immune response


immunofixation

en-noun

immunofixation (usually uncountable, plural immunofixations)

(immunology) An enhancement to electrophoresis in which the separated materials are identified by immunoprecipitation


immunogenetic

(immunology, genetics) Relating to immunogenetics


epimmunome

(immunology) All the compounds used by epithelial cells to instruct immune cells


fluoroimmunoassay

(immunology) A very sensitive form of immunoassay that uses fluorescence spectrometry


immunoadjuvant

(immunology) Any substance added to a vaccine in order to improve the immune response.


seroconcordant

(immunology) Of a couple with both partners either HIV positive or HIV negative.

seroconcordant

of a couple with both partners HIV positive or HIV negative


immunoprotein

(immunology, biochemistry) Any protein with immunological activity


antithyroglobulin

(immunology) An antibody that targets thyroglobulin.


hyperimmunization

hyperimmunization (countable and uncountable, plural hyperimmunizations)

(medicine, immunology) The presence in the body of an excessive number of antibodies to a specific antigen.


antistreptolysin

antistreptolysin (countable and uncountable, plural antistreptolysins)

(biochemistry, immunology) An antibody made against streptolysin.


antipneumococcic

en-adj

antipneumococcic (comparative more antipneumococcic, superlative most antipneumococcic)

more antipneumococcic (comparative)
most antipneumococcic (superlative)

(immunology) Acting against pneumococcus.


antiretinal

an antiretinal antibody

(immunology) Working against the retina.


anticocaine

anticocaine (comparative more anticocaine, superlative most anticocaine)

more anticocaine (comparative)
most anticocaine (superlative)

(pharmacology, immunology) Countering the effects of cocaine.


antiribonucleoprotein

mixed connective tissue disease
mixed connective tissue disease

(immunology) An autoantibody associated with mixed connective tissue disease.

an autoantibody associated with mixed connective tissue disease


antigoat

(immunology, of an antibody) Reacting with the immunoglobins found in goats.


antimonkey

(immunology, of an antibody) Reacting with the immunoglobins found in monkeys.


antidonkey

(immunology, of an antibody) Reacting with the immunoglobins found in donkeys.


antibuffalo

(immunology, of an antibody) Reacting with the immunoglobins found in buffalo.


anticow

(immunology, of an antibody) Reacting with the immunoglobins found in cows.


anticattle

(immunology, of an antibody) Reacting with the immunoglobins found in cattle.


antineuronal

antineuronal (comparative more antineuronal, superlative most antineuronal)

more antineuronal (comparative)
most antineuronal (superlative)

antineuronal antibodies


antibaboon

(immunology, of an antibody) Reacting with the immunoglobins found in baboons.


anticat

(immunology, of an antibody) Reacting with the immunoglobins found in cats.


antihamster

(immunology, of an antibody) Reacting with the immunoglobins found in hamsters.


anticamel

(immunology, of an antibody) Reacting with the immunoglobins found in camels.


antisheep

(immunology, of an antibody) Reacting with the immunoglobins found in sheep.


antigliadin

(immunology, of an antibody) Acting against gliadin.


antigluten

(immunology, of an antibody) Acting against gluten.


antiself

(immunology, of an antibody) Acting against the organism in which it occurs.


antichimpanzee

(immunology, of an antibody) Reacting with the immunoglobins found in chimpanzees.


antimurine

(immunology, of an antibody) Reacting with the immunoglobins found in murine animals.

antimurino

reacting with the immunoglobins found in murine animals


immunonephelometry

(immunology) The use of nephelometry in the characterisation of antigens and antibodies


reactogenic

reactogenic (comparative more reactogenic, superlative most reactogenic)

more reactogenic (comparative)
most reactogenic (superlative)

(immunology) Causing an immunological reaction


reactogenicity

en-noun

reactogenicity (countable and uncountable, plural reactogenicities)

(immunology) The condition of being reactogenic


polyreactive

(immunology) That undergoes nonspecific reaction with a range of materials


polyreactivity

polyreactivity (countable and uncountable, plural polyreactivities)

(immunology) The condition, or extent, of being polyreactive


immunoregulator

(immunology) A substance responsible for immunoregulation


antiglycan

(immunology) That generates an immunological response to glycan


seromic

(immunology) relating to the totality of antibodies in a serum sample


antifox

(immunology, of an antibody) Reacting with the immunoglobins found in foxes.


immunomanipulation

(immunology) immunological manipulation (of cells and tissue)


phosphoantigen

(immunology) Any of a class of non-peptidic antigens that are organic pyrophosphates


immunodetect

en-verb

immunodetect (third-person singular simple present immunodetects, present participle immunodetecting, simple past and past participle immunodetected)

immunodetects (present singular third-person)
immunodetecting (participle present)
immunodetected (participle past)
immunodetected (past)

(immunology) To detect the presence of a specific antigen by the use of antibodies


nonantigen

(immunology) Any material that does not function as an antigen (in a specific environment)


recognin

(biochemistry, immunology) Any of a group of polypeptide antigens (protein fragments), produced from cancer cells, that are capable of recognizing some other specific types of cell


astrocytin

(biochemistry, immunology) A recognin, present on the cell membrane of astrocytes, found in the serum of patients with malignant glial tumors


malignin

(biochemistry, immunology) A recognin found in most malignant cancer cells.


antigalactosyl

(immunology) The generates an immune response to galactosylated liposomes


immunodefense

en-noun

immunodefense (countable and uncountable, plural immunodefenses)


antifibrin

(immunology) That generates an immune reaction to fibrin

antifibrina

that generates an immune reaction to fibrin


antisynthetase

(immunology) That disrupts the action of synthetase enzymes

antissintetase

that disrupts the action of synthetase enzymes


antisynthetase

(immunology) An antibody that has this effect


antiarrestin

(immunology) Any antibody that generates an immune response to arrestin


anticentromere

(immunology) That bind/react with antigens associated with the centromere

anticentrómero

that bind/react with antigens associated with the centromere


antimitochondrial

(immunology) That bind/react with antigens associated with mitochondria

antimitocondrial

that bind/react with antigens associated with mitochondria


antistaphylococcal

en-adj

antistaphylococcal (comparative more antistaphylococcal, superlative most antistaphylococcal)

more antistaphylococcal (comparative)
most antistaphylococcal (superlative)

(immunology) That counters Staphylococcus infection


antipeptide

(immunology) That produces an immune response to a specific peptide sequence

antipeptídeo

that produces an immune response to a specific peptide sequence


immunonegative

(immunology) That generates a negative response to a test for a specific antigen or antibody


immunoprotect

en-verb

immunoprotect (third-person singular simple present immunoprotects, present participle immunoprotecting, simple past and past participle immunoprotected)

immunoprotects (present singular third-person)
immunoprotecting (participle present)
immunoprotected (participle past)
immunoprotected (past)

(immunology) To confer immunoprotection (on)


fraktaline

2008, Marie-Pia d'Ortho, MMP's, inflammation and pulmonary arterial hypertension, Vincent Lagente, Elisabeth Boichot, Matrix Metalloproteinases in Tissue Remodelling and Inflammation, page 90,
Lungs of IPAH patients have increased expression of fraktaline, a chemokine involved in T cell trafficking and monocyte recruitment, and their circulating CD4 and CD8 T cells have higher levels of the fraktaline receptor CX3CR1 when compared with controls or samples of patients with thromboembolic PAH.

2013 October 12, Moheb Costandi The Mind Menders, New Scientist, No. 2938, page 46,
For example, active neurons seem to signal their health by producing a substance called fraktaline, which might warn the microglia to leave its synapses alone.

(biochemistry, immunology) A chemokine involved in chemical signalling in the immune system.


antitheta

(immunology) Countering the theta antigen.


microimmunofluorescence

(immunology) A form of immunofluorescence that requires a very small amount of sample.


antityrosinase

(biochemistry, immunology) That counters the action of tyrosinase


immunomicroscopy

(immunology) The combined use of microscopy and immunostaining in order to identify binding sites (epitopes)


immunomorphological

(immunology) Related to immunomorphology


immunomorphology

(immunology) The study of the relationship between form and function of immunological species such as antigens


immunocolloidal

(immunology) Describing colloidal particles (especially of gold) that attach to immunological targets, and are thus used in electron microscopy of biological materials


anticitrullinated

(immunology) That targets citrullinated proteins


autoaggressive

(immunology, of antibodies) That attacks the organism that produces them