atheistical

atheistical (comparative more atheistical, superlative most atheistical)

more atheistical (comparative)
most atheistical (superlative)

From atheist + -ical. Attested earlier than atheistic.

A letter from Mr. [Brian Houghton] Hodgson to Mr. Bayley, was then read, giving an outline of the theocracy of the Buddha system of Nepal. […] According to the information now communicated, the northern Buddhas acknowledge four sets of divine beings, or of superhuman objects of veneration. The first of these is, contrary to the generally supposed atheistical tendency of the faith, one primæval and uncreated deity. This first Buddha manifested five of his attributes, as five secondary Buddhas; in one of whom, Amitabha, or the 'immeasurably splendid,' in Prakrit and Pali, Amitabo, we recognise the Amito of the Japanese.

1827 July, “Asiatic Society of Calcutta”, in The Oriental Herald, and Journal of General Literature, volume XIV, number 43, London: Printed [by J. R. Gordon, 147, Strand] for the editor, and sold by all booksellers, →OCLC, page 147:


marga

en-noun

marga (countable and uncountable, plural margas)

Borrowed from Sanskrit मार्ग (mārga). Doublet of marg.

(Hinduism, yoga) Any of various paths or courses seen as leading to enlightenment.

noble eightfold path
noble eightfold path


polydeist

Since they do not believe in a plurality of deities, perhaps they should be regarded as monodeists rather than polydeists.

2001, Ramon M. Lemos, A Neomedieval Essay in Philosophical Theology, page 34:

Shariah expresses the Salafists' emphasis on jihad not simply against non-believers but against Sufi "polydeists" (mnogobozhniki) in its 9 April 2005 message, quoting a verse from the Koran frequently cited by Salafists: "Kill the polydeists everwhere you find them, sieze them, fight them, and set up ambushes against them in every place" (9:5).

2007, Gordon M. Hahn, Russia's Islamic threat, page 122:


Adlai

A male given name from Hebrew of biblical origin.


theistic

en-adj

theistic (comparative more theistic, superlative most theistic)

more theistic (comparative)
most theistic (superlative)


reformer

[…] for I long to ſee a larke without a creaſt, and would travaile farre to diſcoover a reformer without a fault, […]

1593, Gabriel Harvey, Pierces Supererogation: Or A New Prayse of the Old Asse, London: […] Iohn Wolfe, →OCLC; republished as John Payne Collier, editor, Pierces Supererogation: Or A New Prayse of the Old Asse. A Preparative to Certaine Larger Discourses, Intituled Nashes S. Fame (Miscellaneous Tracts. Temp. Eliz. & Jac. I; no. 8), [London: [s.n.], 1870], →OCLC, page 127:

(historical, Christianity) One who was involved in the Reformation.


spiritual violence

(religion) The persecution of a person or group on religious grounds, without actual physical violence.


Shemaiah

From the Biblical Hebrew שְׁמַעְיָה (“[whom] God heard”).

uder

(biblical) Any of several people in the Tanakh, and Christian Old Testament:

A prophet in the reign of Rehoboam (1 Kings 12:22-24).

A Levite in the time of David, who with 200 of his brethren took part in the bringing up of the ark from Obed-edom to Hebron (1 Chr. 15:8).

The eldest son of Obed-edom (1 Chr. 26:4-8).

A false prophet who hindered the rebuilding of Jerusalem (Neh. 6:10).

A prince of Judah who assisted at the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem (Neh. 12:34-36).

A false prophet who opposed Jeremiah (Jer. 29:24-32).

One of the Levites whom Jehoshaphat appointed to teach the law (2 Chr. 17:8).

A Levite appointed to "distribute the oblations of the Lord" (2 Chr. 31:15).

The father of Urijah the prophet (Jer. 26:20).

The father of a prince in the reign of Jehoiakim (Jer. 36:12).

A rabbinic sage who was leader of the Pharisees in 1st century BC.


catechesis

en-noun

catechesis (countable and uncountable, plural catecheses)

Learned borrowing from Latin catēchēsis, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek κατήχησις (katḗkhēsis), from κατηχέω (katēkhéō, “sound through, instruct orally, catechise”).

Religious instruction given orally to catechumens.


naga

From an Australian Aboriginal language; cf. Wulna nākā (“dress, covering”)

Boys and many of the men wear the naga, akin to bathing trunks […]

1926 October 30, The Sydney Morning Herald:

[…] a young lubra wearing nothing but a naga of paper-bark rose and came forward shyly.

1938, Xavier Herbert, chapter II, in Capricornia, page 22:

PAUL RUNDLE: Backstage, they were just asking us, "Where are you from," and all that. And they were touching us and all that there, and I was just there with my little naga and, yeah. And plus we had no ochre, so we had to use sunscreen.

2006, Message Stick, ABC1, Friday, 30 June, 2006

2008, Derrick Tomlinson, "Too white to be regarded as Aborigines: An historical analysis of policies for the protection of Aborigines and the assimilation of Aborigines of mixed descent, and the role of Chief Protectors of Aborigines in the formulation and implementation of those policies, in Western Australia from 1898 to 1940" (Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)). University of Notre Dame Australia.
They doesn’t dress like people doing the Law this time, walking in shirt and tie, they used to have naga and really truly paint up, real tribal way, you know?


forbidden fruit is the sweetest

A reference to the story in the Bible in which God tells Adam and Eve not to eat the forbidden fruit, but they are tempted and do so anyway.

Forbidden things seem more appealing; people desire things more if (or, in some way, because) they can't have them.

le fruit défendu est celui qui a le meilleur goût

禁断の木の実が一番甘い

きんだんのこのみがいちばんあまい

the grass is always greener on the other side


showbread

showbread (countable and uncountable, plural showbreads)

There is sett on the Board a high heap of Soule-cakes lyeing one upon another like the picture of the Sew-Bread in the old Bibles.

1687, John Aubrey, Remaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme, page 23:

(religion) The twelve loaves of bread placed daily by the Jewish priests in the Holy Place on the table.


sewadar

From Punjabi ਸੇਵਾਦਾਰ (sevādār, “attendant, servant”).

bor

(Sikhism) A volunteer who offers his or her help to a gurdwara or to the community, for religious reasons.


Zachariah

A male given name from Hebrew, variant of Zachary or Zechariah.


mara

Borrowed from Old Norse mara, from Proto-Germanic *marǭ, cognate with Old English mare or mære. Doublet of mare. See nightmare.

The corpus of related texts tells us that within rural society it was not improbable for your neighbour's envy of your fine cattle to take the form of a mara.

1996, Catharina Raudvere, “Now you see her, now you don't: some notes on the conception of female shape-shifters in Scandinavian traditions”, in Sandra Billington, Miranda Green, editors, The Concept of the Goddess, pages 41–55:

(European folklore) A nightmare; a spectre or wraith-like creature in Germanic and particularly Scandinavian folklore; a female demon who torments people in sleep by crouching on their chests or stomachs, or by causing terrifying visions.

խիպիլիկ

(folklore) a nightmare; spectre or wraith-like creature


mara

Mara means demon, or demonic influence, that hinders the practice of virtue. It may be an external spirit or an aspect of our own imperfect condition. All hindrances on the path to liberation are subsumed under the four maras. The first mara is the mara of the aggregates.[…]The second of the maras is the mara of the afflictions, which are the same as the afflictive obstructions. They are identified as a mara because they precipitate all harmful actions, from malicious gossip to murder.[…]The third mara is Devaputra, literally "son of a god," an external troublemaker who specializes in interfering with beings who are endeavoring to achieve something positive.[…]The last mara is the mara of death.

2011, Graham Woodhouse, Lobsang Gyatso, Tsongkhapa's Praise for Dependent Relativity, Wisdom Publications, page 20:

(Buddhism) A type of god that prevents accomplishment or success.

魔羅

Buddhism: god preventing accomplishment or success

The mara is the spirit that causes illness, accidents, and mishaps. The only protection against it is another mara who befriends a person or a group. A mara who becomes friendly is called a gunik. This transformation occurs when a mara comes to a person in a dream and states a desire to be friendly. But there are deceitful maras who pretend to be friendly, yet will betray the person who trusts them.

2002, Sarvananda Bluestone, The World Dream Book, page 73:

(Buddhism) Any malicious or evil spirit.


mara

Maras have a white patch of fur on the rump that they flash when running, an adaptation they share with several species of deer and antelopes.

1999, Michael A. Mares, editor, Encyclopedia of Deserts, Mara, page 349:

Although only Dolichotis, the Patagonian mara, is strongly cursorial, all caviids have certain features typical of cursorial mammals[…].

2011, Terry A. Vaughan, James M. Ryan, Nicholas J. Czaplewski, Mammalogy, 5th edition, page 228:

Maras (Dolichotis patagonum) are cursorial and prefer open areas with low vegetation for breeding and more barren sites for construction of communal dens (Taber and Macdonald 1992; Baldi 2007).

2013, R. L. Honeycutt, “Chapter 3: Phylogenetics of Caviomorph Rodents and Genetic Perspectives on the Evolution of Sociality and Mating Systems in the Caviidae”, in José Roberto Moreira, Katia Maria P.M.B. Ferraz, Emilio A. Herrera, David W. Macdonald, editors, Capybara: Biology, Use and Conservation of an Exceptional Neotropical Species, page 70:

Any caviid rodent of genus Dolichotis, common in the Patagonian steppes of Argentina.


Wotan

Borrowed from German Wotan. Doublet of Woden and Odin.

Wotan, finding that there is no escape, turns for help and advice to Loge, the God of Evil, the spirit of flickering, treacherous fire, the master of cunning and deceit; and he introduces to gods and giants the lust for gold.

1894, William James Henderson, Preludes and Studies: Musical Themes of the Day, page 17:

In Anglo-Saxon mythology, kings were descended from Wotan, or Odin, the high god of the Teutonic pantheon.

2012, Ian Bradley, God Save the Queen: The Spiritual Heart of the Monarchy, A&C Black, →ISBN, page 70:

(Germanic mythology) Odin, especially in his continental Germanic form.


Bartholomew

/bɑːˈθɒləmjuː/

From Latin Bartholomaeus, from Ancient Greek Βαρθολομαῖος (Bartholomaîos), from Aramaic בר תלמי (bar tolmai, “son of Talmai; son of Ptolemy”), from בר (bar, “son”) and תלמי (tolmai, “Talmai; Ptolemy”). It has long been unclear whether the Apostle's father was named after the biblical Talmai, king of Geshur, or one of the Greek Ptolemies, as the two originally unrelated names were conflated in Jewish Aramaic.
The name's pronunciation was changed to match the spelling; contrast French Barthélemy from the same source.

der

Βαρθολομαῖος

Now the names of the twelve apostles are these; The first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; Philip, and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the publican; James the son of Alphaeus, and Lebbaeus, whose surname was Thaddaeus; Simon the Canaanite, and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him.

An Apostle, identified with Nathanael. (biblical character)


opus operatum

(religion) The spiritual effect in the performance of a religious rite which accrues from the virtue inherent in it, or by grace imparted to it, irrespective of the performer.


down under

Refers to the fact that the Australian continent lies south of, colloquially thought of as 'below' or 'under', the equator.


religious toleration

the condition of permitting people to worship according to the practices of any religion they choose


polydeistically

en-adv

polydeistically (comparative more polydeistically, superlative most polydeistically)

more polydeistically (comparative)
most polydeistically (superlative)


predestination

en-noun

predestination (countable and uncountable, plural predestinations)

From Middle English predestinacion, from Old French predestination, from Late Latin praedēstinātiō. Displaced native Old English foreteohhung.

(theology) The doctrine that everything has been foreordained by God or by fate.


commandment

commandment (countable and uncountable, plural commandments)

Inherited from Middle English comaundement, from Old French comandement, from comander. See command.

inh+

A new commandement I giue vnto you, That yee loue one another, as I haue loued you, that yee alſo loue one another.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, John 13:34:

But besides having the bent of the affections towards Him, and desiring His favour, His near presence with us, there is that great rule of His, “This is love, that we walk after His commandments.”

1869, T. Valpy French, The Old Commandment New and True in Christ […] , Seeley, Jackson, and Halliday, page 256:

Even those commandments which have a rational basis are kept by Jews only because that is God's will (Aruch HaShulchan). This lesson is encapsulated in the story of Dama ben Nesina.

1998, Moshe Lieber, The Fifth Commandment: Honoring Parents : Laws, Insights, Stories and Ideas, Mesorah Publications, →ISBN, page 30:

(religion) A divinely ordained command, especially one of the Ten Commandments.


supplicate

en-verb

supplicate (third-person singular simple present supplicates, present participle supplicating, simple past and past participle supplicated)

supplicates (present singular third-person)
supplicating (participle present)
supplicated (participle past)
supplicated (past)

PIE word
 *upó
From Late Middle English supplicaten (“to request (that someone do something)”) [and other forms], borrowed from Latin supplicātus (“prayed”) + Middle English -en (suffix forming the infinitive of verbs). Supplicātus is the perfect passive participle of supplicō (“to pray, supplicate; to beg, humbly beseech”), from sup- (variant of sub- (prefix meaning ‘below, beneath, under’)) + plicō (“to bend, flex; to fold; to roll up”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to fold; to plait, weave”)).

anoa

to make a formal request (to Oxford University) that an academic degree be awarded to oneself

anoa

of a member of the University of Oxford, or an alumnus or alumna of another university seeking a degree ad eundem: to formally request that an academic degree be awarded to oneself

to supplicate the Deity

[T]hou maiſt freely lay open thy mind to him [Jesus] in prayer, vvhat ever diſtreſs or vvant thou art in come to him in prayer and thou needſt not fear he vvill vvell knovv vvhat it is thou ſupplicateſt him about; […]

1664, Tho[mas] Worden, “I Come Now to Speak of the High Priest under the Law, which was a Type of Jesus Christ also”, in The Types Unvailed, or, The Gospel Pick’t Out of the Legal Ceremonies, whereby We may Compare the Substance with the Shadow. […], London: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 233:

[I]t is from him only [Jesus] that man hath illumination, which he surely will receive, if in true humiliation of heart he supplicateth Him in the love of truth, and for the sake of living according to what the Divine Truth teacheth; […]

1799 October, J. S., “The Dispositions which a Reader of the Holy Scriptures ought to Have, that He may Reap the Fruits of His Studies and Meditations”, in The Aurora; or, The Dawn of Genuine Truth: Being a Repository of Spiritual, Rational, and Useful Knowledge. […], volume I, number VII, London: […] Aurora Press, […], published November 1799, →OCLC, page 267:

To make a humble request to (someone, especially a person in authority); to beg, to beseech, to entreat.

(specifically, religion) To make a humble request to (a deity or other spiritual being) in a prayer; to entreat as a supplicant.

աղաչեմ

to make a humble request to (a deity or spiritual being) in a prayer


Alternativism

(theology) The belief that absolute truth must explain every legitimate alternative.


Shavuot

Borrowed from Hebrew שָׁבוּעוֹת (shavu'ót).

Major Jewish holidays such as Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Simchat Torah, Succoth, Chanukah, Passover and Shavuot have been celebrated with Hebrew prayers and songs.

1971, United States Congress: Senate: Foreign Relations, Public Financing of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

On the first day of Shavuot the Ten Commandments were explained to the people homiletically in the vernacular.

1975, Israel Zinberg, Old Yiddish Literature from Its Origins to the Haskalah Period:

(Judaism) A Jewish holiday that occurs in the spring, a harvest festival, also commemorating the anniversary of the giving of the Ten Commandments to Moses and the Israelites at Mount Sinai.


godi

(Germanic paganism) A priest of the modern Norse religion.


Elkanah

From Hebrew אֶלְקָנָה (ʾelqānā, “God has created”).

bor

Any of several minor characters in the Old Testament, including the father of Samuel.

(rare) A male given name from Hebrew of Biblical origin.


puja

en-noun

puja (countable and uncountable, plural pujas)

From Sanskrit पूजा (pūjā, “reverence or worship”).

uder

The Grunth, the holy book of the Sikhs, seems to be becoming an object of idolatrous worship. They do puja to it, and carry it in procession daily.

1879, Frances Maria Milman, Memoir of the Right Rev. Robert Milman, page 79:

‘Godbole's pujah did it,’ cried the Englishman.

1924, EM Forster, A Passage to India, Penguin, published 2005, page 122:

The priest had performed the puja and tied a string around his father's silk purse to make sure that the Rana didn't spend even a copper coin while he was a guest of Merta.

1997, Kiran Nagarkar, Cuckold, HarperCollins, published 2013, page 43:

Deeming the tank ‘polluted’ and its water unfit for consumption, a puja ceremony was performed by Brahmin men to ‘purify’ the reservoir.

2023, Radhika Iyengar, Fire on the Ganges, Fourth Estate, page 18:

A religious ritual performed in South Asia as an act of worship.


sorceress

From Middle English sorceresse, from Anglo-Norman sorceresse.

The strange-looking chamber, the red glare of the charcoal, her tall form, and long black hair loose, realised the wildest dream of one of the sorceresses of old, bending over herb and drug, to form their potent spells.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Laboratory”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 328:

A female sorcerer, especially one who is elegant; compare witch.


antitheism

The categorical opposition to the belief in any and all deities.


Rosh Hodesh

In the Jewish calendar, the first day of a new month.


Word

Semantic loan from Koine Greek λόγος (lógos).

sl

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

And so the Word had breath, and wrought
With human hands the creed of creeds
In loveliness of perfect deeds,
More strong than all poetic thought; […]

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXXVI, page 56:


Lamb of God

Calque of Latin Agnus Deī, itself a calque of Ancient Greek Ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ (Amnòs toû Theoû). The name refers to Jesus' role as a sacrificial lamb that is (voluntarily) slaughtered on the Cross.

der

Ἀμνὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ


panentheist

Panentheist

sometimes either the P or both the P and the initial T are capitalized

Pan-en-theist

variations of capitalization and spacing may be combined


panentheistic

en-adj

panentheistic (comparative more panentheistic, superlative most panentheistic)

more panentheistic (comparative)
most panentheistic (superlative)

The mystic is one to whom the unitive, pantheistic, or at least the panentheistic, aspects of the divinity are as congenial as the deistic, polytheistic, and anthropomorphic aspects are to the institutional mind.

Just as AR is the whole positive content of perfection, so CW, or the conception of the Creator-and-the-Whole-of-what-he-has-created as constituting one life, the super-whole which in its everlasting essence is uncreated (and does not necessitate just the parts which the whole has) but in its de facto concreteness is created - this panentheistic doctrine contains all of deism and pandeism except their arbitrary negations.

1964, Charles Hartshorne, Man's Vision of God and the Logic of Theism, page 348:

Through panentheistic sensibility, our ancestors conceived a Covenant between Creator and Creation that humankind is enjoined, spiritually and ethically, to uphold.

1996, Michael W. Fox, The Boundless Circle: Caring for Creatures and Creation, page 266:


cruse

From Middle English crouse, from Old English crūse (“jar, cruse”), from Proto-West Germanic *krūsā, from Proto-Germanic *krūsǭ, *krūsaz (“jar, pot, collar, jug”). Cognate with German Krause (“pot with a lid”), Icelandic krús (“jar, jug”). Merged with Middle English croo (“pot, pitcher”), from Old English crōg (“crock, pitcher, vessel”). More at crock.

inh

With a thought I tooke for Maudline
& a cruse of cockle pottage.
with a thing thus tall, skie blesse you all:
I befell into this dotage.

c. 1620, anonymous, “Tom o’ Bedlam’s Song” in Giles Earle his Booke (British Museum, Additional MSS. 24, 665)

He had dipped ungenerously into a generous mother’s purse; basely and recklessly spilt her little cruse.

1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 21, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:

(religion, heraldry or obsolete) A small jar used to hold liquid, such as oil or water.


Joab

(biblical) The nephew of King David, and son of Zeruiah


Esau

From Ancient Greek Ἡσαῦ (Hēsaû), from Biblical Hebrew עֵשָׂו (ʿēśāw).

And the boyes grew; and Eſau was a cunning hunter, a man of the fielde: and Iacob was a plaine man, dwelling in tents.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 25:27, column 2:

(biblical) The son of Isaac and Rebekah and the older twin brother of Jacob.


panendeistic

en-adj

panendeistic (comparative more panendeistic, superlative most panendeistic)

more panendeistic (comparative)
most panendeistic (superlative)


panendeism

There is something called PanEnDeism which perceives God or the Divine as being part of nature and somehow beyond the universe.

2011, Nick Dutch, Transdeism and Divination, →ISBN:

In this case, one possibility is that the deity is not fully 'consumed' by the creative process, and some remnant remains which can be described by panendeism, a conflation of deism and panentheism.

2015, R Lataster, “Pantheistic God-Concepts: Ancient, Contemporary, Popular, and Plausible Alternatives to Classical Theism”, in Literature & Aesthetics, volume 25:

In my view, Pandeism and Panendeism imply nonetheless the same ontology. In both cases, there is only God and God is only cognizable to us in the form of the universe. The difference is merely epistemic: Panendeism suggests more explicitly that we, humans, cannot know everything about God; that there is always a part of God fundamentally beyond our cognitive capacities.

2017, Bernardo Kastrup, “The Idealist Interpretation of Pandeism”, in Knujon Mapson, editor, Pandeism: An Anthology, →ISBN, page 43:

REP’s model is a variety of panendeism, which is a philosophical template that views reality as consisting of the physical realm and something else—a non-thinking trans-physical supra-intelligent kernel.

2017, The Society for the Alignment of Religion., The Supra-Intelligent Design, →ISBN:

(religion) A deistic equivalent of panentheism.


Antiochus

From Latin Antiochus, from Ancient Greek Ἀντίοχος (Antíokhos).

A Greek male given name from Ancient Greek, notably borne by the thirteen kings of the Seleucid dynasty.


prayer beads

A string of beads used by members of various religions to count prayers, chants or devotions.


panendeist

(religion) A person who believes in panendeism.


Edom

Via Late Latin Edōm from Koine Greek Ἐδώμ (Edṓm) from Biblical Hebrew אֱדוֹם (ʾĔḏōm).

(biblical) The name given to Esau in the Hebrew Bible.

(Judaism, historical, chiefly derogatory) Rome, the Roman Empire.

(Judaism, historical, chiefly derogatory) Christianity; Christendom, the Christian countries.


Abimelech

From Hebrew אֲבִימֶלֶךְ (avimelek, “Abimelech”).

bor

And it came to pass, when he had been there a long time, that Abimelech king of the Philistines looked out at a window, and saw, and, behold, Isaac was sporting with Rebekah his wife.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 26:8:


Absalom

From Hebrew אַבְשָׁלוֹם (avshalóm, literally “father of peace”), from אָב (av, “father”) + שָׁלוֹם (shalom, “peace”).

affix

A student who doesn't know the slow movement of Schubert's B-flat major op post sonata, or the story of David and Absalom, needs to go back to school and learn better.

2017 February 23, Conor Friedersdorf, “20 Ideas From the Mind of David Gelernter”, in The Atlantic:

(biblical) The third son of David, king of Israel.


saltire

From Middle English sawtoure, from Old French sautoir (“stile, saltire”) (compare French sautoir (“saltire”)), from sauter (“to jump, to leap”) + -oir (subject forming nouns denoting physical objects from verbs), from Latin saltāre (“to dance, to jump”) + -orium, -oria.

But the World Cup winning veteran's left boot was awry again, the attempt sliced horribly wide of the left upright, and the saltires were waving aloft again a moment later when a long pass in the England midfield was picked off to almost offer up a breakaway try.

2011 October 1, Tom Fordyce, “Rugby World Cup 2011: England 16 – 12 Scotland”, in BBC Sport, archived from the original on 2016-09-26:

It was early August. In the Borders, there were few signs yet of a campaign that could take Scotland out of the United Kingdom. A large Y-E-S hung in separate letters from a tree on the road from Coldstream to Kelso. There wasn't a N-O to match it, but Kelso town hall flew both the saltire and the union jack.

2014 September 16, Ian Jack, “Is this the end of Britishness?”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 2016-04-18:

Saint Andrew's cross
Saint Andrew's cross

The Saint Andrew's cross, the flag of Scotland.


Bethlehem

Inherited from Middle English Bethleem, from Old French Bethleem, from Latin Bēthlehēmum, from Ancient Greek Βηθλεέμ (Bēthleém), from Hebrew בֵּית לֶחֶם (bēṯ lɛ́ḥɛm, literally “house of bread”). Doublet of bedlam.

der

A number of other places around the world:

A number of places in the United States:

An unincorporated community in Winn Parish, Louisiana.


colportage

en-noun

colportage (usually uncountable, plural colportages)

1840s, from French colportage, from colporteur (1723).

The distribution or selling of publications via carriers, particularly devotional literature.


apatheism

/ˌæpəˈθi.ɪzəm/

Reportedly coined in 2001, as a blend of apathy + theism, by author Robert J. Nash.

[A]patheism is an attitude, not a belief system, and the over-riding fact is that these people are relaxed about religion.

2003 May 14, Jonathan Rauch, “Let It Be”, in The Atlantic:

(religion) Apathy towards the existence of a god; belief that the question of the existence of a god is unimportant.


Carthusian

/kɑːˈθjuːzɪən/

From Medieval Latin Carthusianus, from Cart(h)usia, Latinization of Old French Chartrouse, a region near Grenoble where the order was founded, now Chartreuse; from Late Latin Catorissium, Cantourisa, Caturissium, Chatrousse, probably ultimately from Gaulish *Katurīx (literally “battle-king”). Also see Caturix, Helvetian war god.

der

A pupil of Charterhouse School (founded in a Carthusian monastery)


word up

en-verb

word up (third-person singular simple present words up, present participle wording up, simple past and past participle worded up)

words up (present singular third-person)
wording up (participle present)
worded up (participle past)
worded up (past)

(Christianity) To pray, remain spiritually oriented and/or behave congruently with Christian doctrine.


panentheistically

en-adv

panentheistically (comparative more panentheistically, superlative most panentheistically)

more panentheistically (comparative)
most panentheistically (superlative)


panentheistical

en-adj

panentheistical (comparative more panentheistical, superlative most panentheistical)

more panentheistical (comparative)
most panentheistical (superlative)


originalist

Before explicating the possibility of a non-textualist strategy let me address Philipse's arguments in favour of textualism as appropriate method in theology. Some of these arguments appeal to the religious traditions, and thus suggest that a believer qua believer (rather than qua historian) has to be originalist.

2009, Holy Writ: interpretation in law and religion, page 56:

One who aims to discover how the writers of a document intended it to be interpreted, and to interpret it in that way.

(theology) Specifically, one who aims to discover how the writers of the Jewish and Christian scriptures intended them to be interpreted, and to interpret them in that way.


Presbyterian

/ˌpɹɛz.bɪˈtɪəɹ.ɪ.ən/

A person belonging to a church in the tradition of Presbyterianism.

presbiterià

person belonging to the Presbyterian Church


Valhalla

From New Latin, from Old Norse Valhǫll (from valr (“dead warriors”) + hǫll (“hall”)).

der

[S]uch souls as were detruded from the body by any violent method went strait to Valhalla. (Latin original: Nostratibus sane hoc erat infallibiliter persuasum, animas, non vulgares, neque senio morbove, sec cruenta morte & vi corporibus exeuntes, recta ad Vahlallam ferri)

1791 May 1, “Moore's Inquiry into the Subject of Suicide”, in Monthly Review, London, pages 24–25:

In some poems they are envisaged as divine figures, women who serve mead to the dead warriors in Valhall, and who fulfil the will of Odin in overseeing battle and making sure that victory is awarded to the right man.

1996, Carolyne Larrington, The Poetic Edda, Folio Society, published 2016, page xvii:

(Norse mythology) The home of half of all warriors who died gloriously in battle as well as many of the Æsir.

فَالْهُول

in Norse mythology, the home of warriors slain gloriously in battle


Davidian

Seventh-day Adventist
Seventh-day Adventist

A member of a particular offshoot of the Seventh-day Adventists.


feretory

From Middle English feretory, fertre et al., from Anglo-Norman fertre, from Latin feretrum, from Ancient Greek φέρετρον (phéretron), from the verb φέρω (phérō, “I carry”).

An area of a church where relics are kept.


impermanence

en-noun

impermanence (usually uncountable, plural impermanences)

From Middle French impermanence, equivalent to im- + permanence.

(Buddhism) Anicca, the doctrine which asserts that all of conditioned existence is transient.


Phobos

From Ancient Greek Φόβος (Phóbos, “Fear”).

(Greek mythology) A son of Ares (Mars). Also the Greek god of fear.


clerical collar

clerical collar (plural clerical collars)

Coordinate term: preaching band

A stiff white collar, having no opening at the front, fastened at the back, worn by members of the Christian clergy.


Christmassy

en-adj

Christmassy (comparative Christmassier, superlative Christmassiest)

Christmassier (comparative)
Christmassiest (superlative)

It is important to guard against any hint of a generalisation here that 'less Christmassy music' always accompanies a 'less Christmassy sentiment', and indeed Greg Lake's 'I Believe In Father Christmas' (1974) is proof that the converse is not […]

2008, Sheila Whiteley, Christmas, Ideology and Popular Culture, Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, page 122:

Mark: That looks like a lovely turkey. I'm sorry I flew off the handle a bit.
Jeremy: That wasn't very Christmassy.
Mark: No, it wasn't. I apologise.

2010, Jesse Armstrong & Sam Bain, "Seasonal Beatings", Peep Show Series 7, Episode 5, Channel 4

They [Asian pears] are unquestionably Christmassy and festive, with their golden speckled skin.

2015 September 5, Mark Diacono, “In praise of the Asian pear”, in The Daily Telegraph (Gardening), archived from the original on 2015-09-12, page 1:

Resembling or having feelings of Christmas; festive.

nadalenc

resembling or having feelings of Christmas


maltheism

Macaronic nonce coinage from mal-, from Latin malus (“bad”), + theism (compare misotheism and dystheism). Attested in Usenet discussions from 1985http://groups.google.com/groups/search?lr=&safe=off&num=10&q=maltheism&safe=off&qt_s=Search&as_drrb=b&as_mind=1&as_minm=1&as_miny=1981&as_maxd=4&as_maxm=10&as_maxy=1986

Eve's decision is enough to make me consider choosing agnosticism as my preferred faith, or at least maltheism.

2006, Charles Phipps, The Undying Machine, page 104:


energumen

From Latin energumenus, from Ancient Greek ἐνεργούμενος (energoúmenos), from verb ἐνεργέω (energéō, “to influence”).

uder

ἐνεργούμενος

A person possessed by an evil ghost, spirit, or entity.


imposition

en-noun

imposition (countable and uncountable, plural impositions)

From Middle English imposicioun, from Old French imposicion, from Latin impositio.

(religion) A practice of laying hands on a person in a religious ceremony; used e.g. in confirmation and ordination.


eutheism

Nonce-coinage from eu- + theism (as antonym of dystheism)
Attestation in a 1998 theology lecture https://web.archive.org/web/20071203180444/http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/philosophy/faculty/koons/356/lec19.html.
Humorous attestation on Usenet in 2002http://groups.google.com/group/alt.games.everquest/browse_thread/thread/8f0df5dadf848aee/cb60e1f231543a29?lnk=st&q=eutheist&rnum=1#cb60e1f231543a29.

[…] many of them still believe god exists, but that he has let them down and so they keep their belief in his existence, but no longer worship him (and even hate him). ie rather than switching to atheism, they switch from eutheism to dystheism (although they may incorrectly call themselves atheist).

2007 May 21, Jeckyl, “Ignorance and Delusion”, in alt.religion.christian (Usenet), message-ID <46522860$0$4607$61c65585@un-2park-reader-01.sydney.pipenetworks.com.au>:

Protest theology rejects the often axiomatic assumption that God is always good or just (eutheism). More to the point, it holds that the eutheistic outlook not only stunts our ability to have a true, meaningful relationship with God, but that the theological contortions it demands also cause us to miss several important themes and lessons latent in the Hebrew Bible.

2013, David H. Schraub, "Our Divine Constitution", 44 Loyola University Chicago Law Journal 1201 (2013)

Dystheism revolves around “the belief that a god, goddess, or singular God is not wholly good (eutheism) as is commonly believed (such as in the monotheistic religions of Christianity and Judaism), and is possibly evil.”

2019, Cometan, The Duodoxy: The Principles of The Logical Cosmos, page 254:

The belief that there is a god, and that this god is benevolent.


monolatrism

The concept of monotheism sees a gradual development out of notions of henotheism and monolatrism.

2010, Dr. Preeti Tripathy, Indian religions: tradition, history and culture, page 143:

(religion) The worship of a single deity (while possibly believing in others).


kathenotheism

Coined 19th century by Max Müller from the phrase Ancient Greek καθ᾽ ἕνα (“one by one”) and the word θεός (theós, “god”), following theism, extending the prior coinage henotheism by Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling which himself popularised.

Belief that multiple deities exist, and different deities are supreme among them at different times.

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling
Max Müller
kathenotheism


Deimos

From Ancient Greek Δεῖμος (Deîmos), from δειμός (deimós, “terror”).

(Greek mythology) A son of Ares (Latin: Mars), god of terror.


impenitent

The adjective is derived from Late Middle English impenitent (“not penitent, unrepentant”), from Latin impaenitentem, the accusative feminine or masculine singular of impaenitēns (“unrepentant”), from im- (a variant of in- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + paenitēns (“contrite, penitent, regretting, repenting”) (the present active participle of paeniteō (“to be sorry, regret; to cause to repent; to repent”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate; to hurt”)). By surface analysis, im- + penitent.
The noun is derived from the adjective.

der

[I]f they mende and repente better, will in ſtede of purgatorye which they nowe mocke & ieſte at, wepe and repent in hell this fooliſh fruitleſſe faſhion of their impenitent repentance.

1532, Thomas More, “The Confutacion of [William] Tyndale’s Aunswere […]. The Recapitulacion of all Tyndalles Processe Concernyng the Churche, from the Begynning hetherto.”, in Wyllyam Rastell [i.e., William Rastell], editor, The Workes of Sir Thomas More Knyght, […], London: […] Iohn Cawod, Iohn Waly, and Richarde Tottell, published 30 April 1557, →OCLC, book IV (Whether the Church can Erre), page 613, column 1:

The caſe of impœnitent and notorious ſinners is not like vnto theirs vvhoſe onely imperfection is error ſeuered from pertinacie, error in appearance content to ſubmit it ſelfe to better inſtruction, error ſo farre already cured as to craue at our hands that Sacrament, the hatred and vtter refuſall vvhereof vvas the vvaightieſt point vvherein heretofore they ſvvarued and vvent aſtraie.

1597, Richard Hooker, edited by J[ohn] S[penser], Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie, […], 2nd edition, London: […] Will[iam] Stansby [for Matthew Lownes], published 1611, →OCLC, book V, page 370:

But I pitty the flatteries, and ſelfe-applauſes of a careleſſe and impenitent heart: This jollity hath in it much danger, and vvithout ſome change, death.

1651, Jos[eph] Hall, “Soliloq[uy] XI. False Joy.”, in Susurrium cum Deo. Soliloquies: Or, Holy Self-conferences of the Devout Soul, […], 2nd edition, London: […] Will[iam] Hunt, and are to be sold by George Lathum junior, […], →OCLC, page 37:

The minds, therefore, which they set at ease, are only those of impenitent criminals and malefactors, and which, to the good of mankind, should be in perpetual terror and alarm.

1710 March 1 (Gregorian calendar), Isaac Bickerstaff [et al., pseudonyms; Richard Steele], “Saturday, February 18, 1709–10”, in The Tatler, number 135; republished in [Richard Steele], editor, The Tatler, […], London stereotype edition, volume II, London: I. Walker and Co.; […], 1822, →OCLC, page 302:

“Captain Peleg,” said Bildad steadily, “thy conscience may be drawing ten inches of water, or ten fathoms, I can’t tell; but as thou art still an impenitent man, Captain Peleg, I greatly fear lest thy conscience be but a leaky one; and will in the end sink thee foundering down to the fiery pit, Captain Peleg.”

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “The Ship”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 87:

Not penitent; specifically (Christianity), not repenting of one's sins; unrepentant.


revenant

19th century. From French revenant, the present participle of revenir (“to return”). Compare revenue.

For granting even that Religion were dead; that it had died, half-centuries ago, with unutterable Dubois; or emigrated lately, to Alsace, with Necklace-Cardinal Rohan; or that it now walked as goblin revenant with Bishop Talleyrand of Autun; yet does not the Shadow of Religion, the Cant of Religion, still linger?

1837, Thomas Carlyle, The French Revolution: A History […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC, (please specify the book or page number):

Earlier you mentioned a ghost, a revenant with which we may contaminate the Emperor.

1969, Frank Herbert, Dune Messiah, published 2008, →ISBN, page 19:

And to a revenant who had lived in body after body, died death after death, evanescence could seem like a dream of peace. But the chimaera could ill afford to let soldiers go.

2011, Laini Taylor, Daughter of Smoke & Bone, →ISBN:

If reports from the time are to be believed, 17th-century Poland was awash in revenants—not vampires, exactly, but proto-zombies who harassed the living by drinking their blood or, less disagreeably, stirring up a ruckus in their homes.

2023 September 5, Franz Lidz, “Undying Dread: A 400-Year-Old Corpse, Locked to Its Grave”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

A supernatural being that returns from the dead; a zombie or ghost.


Pandu

Transliteration of Sanskrit पाण्डु (pāṇḍu).

translit

A mytho-historical figure from India, best known as the father of another group of figures, the Pandavas in Mahabharata.


Anaiah

From the Hebrew ענאיה (“God has answered”).

And Ezra the scribe stood upon a pulpit of wood, which they had made for the purpose; and beside him stood Mattithiah, and Shema, and Anaiah, and Urijah, and Hilkiah, and Maaseiah, on his right hand; and on his left hand, Pedaiah, and Mishael, and Malchiah, and Hashum, and Hashbadana, Zechariah, and Meshullam.

One of the elders who stood with Ezra the Scribe. (biblical character)


Pandavas

Derived from Pandu, the mytho-historical figure represented as the father of the members of this group.

A mytho-historical group of archetypes of perfection, the five acknowledged sons of Pandu, according to the Indian epic Mahabharata.


Canterbury

/ˈkæntəbəɹɪ/

From Middle English Caunterbury, Canterburi, from Old English Cantwara burg.

A village and parish of York County, New Brunswick, Canada.

Merrimack County
Merrimack County#English

A town in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States.

An unincorporated community in Mingo County, West Virginia, United States.


Jared

en-proper noun

Jared (countable and uncountable, plural Jareds)

From Latin Iared, from Ancient Greek Ἰαρέδ (Iaréd), from Biblical Hebrew יֶרֶד (yéred). Often explained as deriving from the root י־ר־ד (y-r-d), which forms words relating to descending (see Jordan and ירדן for more); some interpret the Book of Enoch as suggesting that the Jared in the Bible was so named because it was in his time that two hundred angels descended from Heaven to Mount Hermon. Alternatively, sometimes explained as deriving from the root ר־ד־ה (r-d-), which forms words relating to ruling.

And Jared lived after he begat Enoch eight hundred years, and begat sons and daughters:

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 5:19:

(biblical) A man mentioned in the Book of Genesis, a descendant of Adam and of Seth, the father of Enoch, an ancestor of Noah.

(Mormonism) The ancestor of the Jaredites in the Book of Mormon.


Vanir

Borrowed from Old Norse vanir. Doublet of Wanes.

The principal deities, as a group, of the Norse pantheon that represent chaos, fertility, and cultivation; opponents of the Æsir.


Madonna

From Italian madonna, from Old Italian ma (“my”) + donna (“lady”). The given name is derived from the English term, not used as a given name in Italy. Doublet of madam.

(Christianity, sometimes with definite article) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, especially in Catholic contexts.

Madone

Mary, mother of Jesus — see also Mary, Our Lady
Note: This is only for direct translations of "Madonna." Titles that literally mean or other titles in the language in question should be listed at those entries.

We feel bound to add, however, that it is not very likely, in the usual chances of events, that such names as Alaric Attila Watts should have met in matrimony with those of Zillah Madonna Wiffen; and an unkind world may suggest a mystification somewhere.

1835 June, Fraser's Magazine, volume XI, page 652:

But celebrities actually have a weak effect on baby names. As of 2000, the pop star Madonna had sold 130 million records worldwide but hadn't generated even the ten copycat namings―in California, no less―required to make the master index of four thousand names from which the sprawling list of girls' names on page 227 was drawn.

2005, Steven D. Levitt, Stephen J. Dubner, Freakonomics, Allen Lane, published 2005, →ISBN, page 184:

MADONNA(S) Yes. (They look at each other with surprise. The room goes silent.) MR. STEIN Two Madonnas? (Pause.) MR. STEIN Did either of you know God? EIGHTIES MADONNA I knew of Him. BIBLICAL MADONNA We had a Son together. MR. STEIN […] I’m going to have to ask you to leave. (The eighties Madonna gets up with a smile and then without uttering another word flounces out of the room loudly humming the tune ‘Like a Virgin’.)

2013 February, Alan Baggett, God’s Will, →ISBN, page 39:


Madonna

A beautiful example of this type of Madonna is the polyptych in the Museo Civico in Sansepolcro.

So many Madonnas were produced during the Renaissance that it became the habit to distinguish them by any peculiarity.

1913, “Art Galleries of Florence”, in The World’s Progress: With Illustrative Texts from Masterpieces of Egyptian, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Modern European and American Literature, Fully Illustrated, volume IX, Chicago, Ill.: The Delphian Society, page 114:

An artistic representation of the Virgin Mary, chiefly when holding the infant Jesus.


Æsir

Borrowed from Old Norse æsir, nominative plural of áss, from Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énsus, from *h₂ens- (“to engender, beget”); cf. Old English ēse, Sanskrit असुर (ásura).

The principal group of benevolent deities in the Norse pantheon, representing power and war; opponents of the Vanir.


calced

A back-formation from discalced, with reference to Latin calceus (“calceus, footwear”).

In Ireland there appear to be seven or eight Carmelite Friaries, calced and discalced.

1884, William Edward Addis et al., “Carmelite”, in A Catholic Dictionary...:

For quotations using this term, see Citations:calced.

(rare) Synonym of shod, wearing shoes, particularly (Christianity) religious orders that do not eschew normal footwear.


infralapsarianism

(theology) A doctrine held by certain Calvinists holding that, while the fall of man was inevitable, the identities of the elect and the reprobate were not known until after the fall.


supralapsarianism

(theology) A doctrine held by certain Calvinists that God predestined the fall of man.


reprobation

en-noun

reprobation (countable and uncountable, plural reprobations)

/ˌɹɛpɹəˈbeɪʃən/

From French réprobation, or Latin reprobatio.

(Christianity) The predestination of a certain number of the human race as reprobates, or objects of condemnation and punishment; damnation.


misbelief

From Middle English misbileve, from mis- + bileve; equivalent to mis- + belief. Compare later misbelieve.

(religion) a heresy; an unorthodox belief


Pioneer Day

(US) A Utah state holiday celebrating the arrival of Mormon pioneers in what became Salt Lake City, Utah, in 1847.

день пионеров

Utah state holiday celebrating the arrival of Mormon pioneers in what would become Salt Lake City


immanence

immanence (countable and uncountable, plural immanences)

(philosophy, metaphysics, theology) The concept of the presence of deity in and throughout the real world; the idea that God is everywhere and in everything. Contrast transcendence.

вездесъщност

(philosophy, metaphysics, theology) concept


hiero-

From Ancient Greek prefix ἱερο- (hiero-), from ἱερός (hierós, “sacred, holy”).

(chiefly Eastern Orthodoxy) Denoting a man of a title such as a monk who is also a clergyman (e.g. hieromonk, hierodeacon, hieromartyr).


introit

PIE word
 *h₁én
From Late Middle English introite (“act of entering in or into, entrance; place of entrance”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman introït, introïte (“introit”), or from its etymon Latin introitus (“act of entering in or into, entrance; passage; place of entrance; (figuratively) beginning, introduction, prelude”), from introeō (“to enter, go in”) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs). Introeō is derived from intrō (“to enter, go into”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”)) + eō (“to go”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”)).

refn

From the collection of the Helsinki University Library in Helsinki, Finland.

der

The Glossary of Terms used by ecclesiastics in the middle ages, who describe a day by the “introit,” or commencement of the service appointed by the church to be performed thereon, and an explanation of the Canonical Hours, Watches, &c. will frequently be found useful.

[1833, [Nicholas] Harris Nicolas, “Preface”, in Dionysius Lardner, editor, The Chronology of History. […] (The Cabinet Cyclopædia; XLIV), London: […] Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman, […]; and John Taylor, […], →OCLC, page xvii:

Adorate Dominum. The introit* and name of the third Sunday after the Epiphany. [Footnote *: Introit.—The first two or more words that form the commencement of a mass, which, from being appropriated to a certain Sunday, or other festival, give the name of such commencement or "introit" to these days.]

1833, [Nicholas] Harris Nicolas, “A Glossary of Dates; […]”, in Dionysius Lardner, editor, The Chronology of History. […] (The Cabinet Cyclopædia; XLIV), London: […] Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman, […]; and John Taylor, […], →OCLC, page 110, column 1:

At some time during these sacerdotal preces the choir will usually have started the sung introit, the exact time for beginning the item dependent on a number of features such as the distance from sacristy to altar.

1982, Andrew Hughes, “Mass”, in Medieval Manuscripts for Mass and Office: A Guide to Their Organization and Terminology, Toronto, Ont., Buffalo, N.Y.: University of Toronto Press, published 2004, →ISBN, page 84:

The earliest unequivocal reference to the Roman introit is from the turn-of-the-eighth-century Ordo romanus I, where the chant is described in its fully developed early medieval form. Consisting of an antiphon and psalm, it is sung during the entrance of the pope at the beginning of Mass.

2000, James [W.] McKinnon, “The Introit”, in The Advent Project: The Later-seventh-century Creation of the Roman Mass Proper, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif., London: University of California Press, →ISBN, page 195:

(Roman Catholicism, music) A prayer, typically part of a psalm or other portion of the Bible, read or sung at the start of Mass while or immediately after the priest ascends to the altar.

ܒܝܬܐ

part of a psalm or other portion of the Bible read or sung at Mass immediately after the priest ascends to the altar

(music, Christianity, chiefly Protestantism) Any piece of choral music, especially a setting of an anthem or a psalm, sung at the opening of a church service.

introit

composition of vocal music sung at the opening of a church service


nondenominational

There will be a nondenominational service, open to all, on Saturday beneath the redwoods.

Having no denomination; not specific to a particular religion or sect.


pastiera

Borrowed from Italian, from pasta (“pasta, dough”).

A Neapolitan tart made from wheat, eggs, and ricotta, traditionally eaten at Easter.


nuncio

From Spanish nuncio,
from Latin nūntius (“envoy”).

Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church

international organization
international organization

(Roman Catholicism) The ecclesiastic title of a permanent diplomatic representative of the Roman Catholic Church to a sovereign state or international organization, who is accorded a rank equivalent to an accredited ambassador, and may also be given additional privileges including recognition as Dean in a country's diplomatic corps.


Assemblies of God

From Greek, with Ancient Greek εκκλησία (ekklēsía) translated as "assembly" (in the sense of "congregation") instead of "church".

(Christianity) A Christian Pentecostal denomination made up of a number of autonomous groupings of churches in various countries.


Boaz

Then said Boaz unto Ruth, Hearest thou not, my daughter? Go not to glean in another field, neither go from hence, but abide here fast by my maidens

(biblical) The second husband of Ruth, the father of Obed, the son of Salmon


Juno

From Middle English Juno, from Latin Iūnō of uncertain origin. One hypothesis is derivation from Proto-Indo-European *dyúh₃onh₂- (“she of heavenly authority”), from *dyew- (“sky, heaven”) + *-Hō (“burden, authority”), reflecting her role as goddess of rulers. Another is derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yúh₃onh₂- (“the young goddess”), from *h₂eyu- (“long time, lifetime”) + *-Hō (“burden, authority”), making it cognate with Latin iuvenis (“young”). Both would have produced the unattested early Latin form *Iuvō, declined with the root Iūn- and eventually normalized to Iūnō.

(Roman mythology) The queen of the gods, the equivalent of the Greek goddess Hera.


wanga

All magic is performed under his patronage, whether it be the medicinal, protective paquet, or the less benevolent wanga.

1953, Maya Daren, The Divine Horsemen, McPherson & Company, published 2004, page 117:

Not all wanga contain the enslaved spirits of the dead, but they work best if they do.

2008, Stephan Palmié, Africas of the Americas, page 364:

Love charms are the most common type of wanga.

2011, Mark Juergensmeyer, editor, The Oxford Handbook of Global Religions, page 549:


phylactery

Recorded since circa 1380, Middle English philaterie, either from Old French filatiere (12th c), or via Medieval Latin philaterium, an alteration of Late Latin phylacterium (“reliquary”), from Ancient Greek φυλακτήριον (phulaktḗrion, “safeguard, amulet”), via adjective φυλακτήριος (phulaktḗrios, “serving as a protection”), from φυλακτήρ (phulaktḗr, “watcher, guard”), itself from φυλάσσω (phulássō, “guard or ward off”), from φύλαξ (phúlax, “a guard”).

klaf

parchment used in Jewish ritual contexts

mezuzah

parchment scroll of Torah verses in a decorative container

They sett abroade there philateris, and make large borders on there garmenttes, and love to sytt uppermooste at feastes […]

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, Matthew xxiij:

Some Rabbis allow a woman or a minor who are themselves not obligated to put on phylacteries to assist a hospitalized patient to don his phylacteries if he is otherwise unable to do so.

2003, Avraham Steinberg, translated by Fred Rosner, Encyclopedia of Jewish Medical Ethics, Volume I, Feldheim Publishers, page 787:

"Every male, who at the age of 13 becomes a "son of the Law" (bar mitswah), must wear the phylactery and perform the accompanying ceremonial."

2005, Edward Mack, Phylactery, Nextbible:

(Judaism) Either of the two small leather cases, containing biblical scrolls, worn by Jewish men at morning prayer; the tefilla.

filacteri

leather case containing biblical scrolls, worn by Jewish men; the tefilla


catechist

Now he was not only a lay reader but a pastor’s warden although Umuaro did not have a pastor as yet, only a catechist.

1965, Chinua Achebe, Arrow of God, Penguin Classics (2010), pages 48-49:

(Christianity) One who practices catechesis, i.e., catechizes catechumens; a teacher who instructs students in the doctrines of a particular Christian denomination typically in preparation for confirmation.


baptistry

From Middle English baptistery, baptisterie, from Ecclesiastical Latin baptistērium, from Ancient Greek βαπτιστήριον (baptistḗrion); equivalent to baptism + -ry.

βαπτιστήριον

(Christianity) A designated space within a church, or a separate room or building associated with a church, where a baptismal font is located, and consequently, where the sacrament of Christian baptism (via aspersion or affusion) is performed.


exilarch

From exile + -arch, a calque of Biblical Hebrew רֹאשׁ גָּלוּת (rôš galûṯ).

calque

רֹאשׁ גָּלוּת

The leader of the Jews of the Babylonian exile.


exonarthex

en-noun

exonarthex (plural exonarthexes or exonarthices)

exonarthexes (plural)
exonarthices (plural)

The exonarthex is of inferior workmanship, and has been thought by some of later date than the rest of the church; but there seems no ground for this belief.

1850, John Mason Neale, A History of the Holy Eastern Church: The Patriarchate of Alexandria:

(architecture, Christianity) The space anterior to the narthex of a church, sometimes roofed-over as with a porch, but more often an enclosed courtyard; in antiquity, the courtyard where catechumens were permitted to be close to the Eucharist, but forbidden to see it celebrated.


Caleb

From Late Latin Caleb, Calebus, from Koine Greek Χάλεβ (Kháleb), from Biblical Hebrew כָּלֵב (Kālēḇ), possibly related to כֶּלֶב (keleḇ, “dog”), referring to the unconditional devotion of dogs to their masters.

Doubtless ye shall not come into the land, concerning which I sware to make you dwell therein, save Caleb the son of Jephunneh, and Joshua the son of Nun.

(biblical) Caleb the son of Jephunneh, an Israelite who entered Canaan with Joshua.


pandect

Antiochus of Palestine
Lawrence Torrentinus
Russian Museum

Sense 3 (“comprehensive treatise”) is from Latin pandectēs (“book that contains everything, encyclopedia”), from Ancient Greek πανδέκτης (pandéktēs, “encyclopedia”, literally “all-receiver”), from παν- (pan-, prefix meaning ‘all’) (from πᾶς (pâs, “all”)) + δέκτης (déktēs, “receiver, recipient”) (from δέχομαι (dékhomai, “to receive”) (from Proto-Indo-European *deḱ- (“to take; to perceive”)) + -της (-tēs, suffix forming agent nouns)).
Sense 1 (“compendium of writings on Roman law”) in the plural form Pandects is from Late Latin pandectae (“the Pandects”), the plural of pandectēs, modelled after (Byzantine) Ancient Greek πανδέκται (pandéktai, “the Pandects”), the plural of πανδέκτης (pandéktēs): see further above.

refn

From the collection of the Russian Museum in Saint Petersburg, Russia.

der

The table of contents which we inſert here will give a juſt idea of the method with which this ſmall pandect of morality is compoſed.

1750 November, “Art. XV. The Œconomy of Human Life, Translated from an Indian Manuscript, Written by an Ancient Bramin; to which is Prefixed an Account of the Manner in which the Said Manuscript was Discovered. […] [book review]”, in The Monthly Review; or, New Literary Journal. […], volume IV, London: Printed for R[alph] Griffiths, […], →OCLC, page 64:

During a visit to Rome in 679–80, the Anglo-Saxon monk Ceolfrith from Northumbria acquired a magnificent pandect, an entire Bible bound as one volume, and brought it back to England with him, to his monastery of Wearmouth-Jarrow. We now know that the book that Ceolfrith bought in Rome was the so-called Codex Grandior, a pandect written under the supervision of Cassiodorus, the scholar-monk founder of Vivarium, in Calabria in the sixth century.

2003, Carmella Vircillo Franklin, “Bilingual Philology in Bede’s Exegesis”, in Richard F. Gyug, editor, Medieval Cultures in Contact (Fordham Series in Medieval Studies; 1), New York, N.Y.: Fordham University Press, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 3:

At 8.330–2, which will be treated again below, Virgil seems to be offering some guidance about part of this tangle of 'problems' (although he was at the same time a pandect when it came to the Tiber and its nomenclature).

2006, Francis Cairns, “The Nomenclature of the Tiber in Virgil’s Aeneid”, in Joan Booth, Robert Maltby, editors, What’s in a Name?: The Significance of Proper Names in Classical Latin Literature, Swansea: The Classical Press of Wales, →ISBN, page 68:

Pandects, manuscript-volumes containing all the books of the Old and New Testaments, were enormous and very rare.

2006, Mary Dove, “The Middle Ages”, in John F. A. Sawyer, editor, The Blackwell Companion to the Bible and Culture (Blackwell Companions to Religion), Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, →ISBN; republished Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012, →ISBN, page 39:

(by extension, also figuratively) A treatise or similar work that is comprehensive as to a particular topic; specifically (Christianity) a manuscript of the entire Bible.

pandecte

treatise or work comprehensive as to a particular topic


mumbo jumbo

en-noun

mumbo jumbo (countable and uncountable, plural mumbo jumbos)

/mʌmbəʊˈdʒʌmbəʊ/

Probably from Mandinka maamajomboo (“mask; masked dancer”); or perhaps from /l/-vocalization in the words "mumble" and "jumble".

bor

Rev. Quack's healing services are little more than mumbo jumbo.

"And what have you got to say? Another lot of mumbo-jumbo like your learned associates over there?"

1966, James Workman, The Mad Emperor, Melbourne, Sydney: Scripts, page 91:

What is going on in all this religious mumbo-jumbo that is so foreign to the positivism of contemporary scholarship is a reenactment of the history of the soul before the beginning of terrestrial evolution.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 179:

(religion) Any object of superstition; religious words and/or actions which are seen as superstitious or fraudulent.


Herod

The name of any of a number of members of the Herodian dynasty who ruled in the Roman province of Judea, most notably Herod the Great, who ordered the Massacre of the Innocents, or Herod Antipas, his son, who met Jesus during his Passion.


prevenience

en-noun

prevenience (countable and uncountable, plural preveniences)

From Latin praeveniēns (“preceding, coming before”).

uder

(Methodism) The act or condition of occurring earlier, of being antecedent.

(Methodism) Something done beforehand in anticipation of a later situation.


prevenient grace

(Christianity, theology) An Arminian doctrine distinctive to Methodism and the broader Wesleyan movement. It holds that man is so fallen that he is utterly incapable of perceiving the need for salvation, but God, in His infinite wisdom, has preveniently extended to humankind sufficient grace that we can, through free will, willingly accept salvation.


evangelicalism

en-noun

evangelicalism (countable and uncountable, plural evangelicalisms)

(Christianity, historical) Lutheranism and continental Calvinism.

(Christianity) Contemporary Protestant movement based on energetic proselytism and a renewed focus on the Bible and in the belief in its inerrancy.

Islamic evangelicalism helped win over Iberian notables […]

2010, Timothy Parsons, The Rule of Empires: Those Who Built Them, Those Who Endured Them, and Why They Always Fall, page 108:

(by analogy, Islam) Islamic movements which are based on preaching and proselytism (dawah).


Daphne

From Ancient Greek δάφνη (dáphnē, “laurel, bay”).

bor

Run when you will, the story shall be chang'd; / Apollo flies, and Daphne holds the chase; / The dove pursues the griffin

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

(Greek mythology) A dryad pursued by Apollo, who was turned into a laurel tree by the river god Peneus.


Lutheranism

From Lutheran + -ism; eponym from Martin Luther.

The Christian denomination based on the beliefs and doctrines developed by Martin Luther and his immediate followers.

լյութերականություն

branch of Christianity developed by Martin Luther


glatt

Borrowed from Yiddish גלאַט (glat, “smooth”). Doublet of glad.

bor+

(Yinglish, of an animal, Judaism) Having none of a particular kind of adhesion on the outside of its lungs; only meat from a glatt animal can be kosher.

(Yinglish, by extension, of food, Judaism) Having no ingredients from animals that are not glatt.


gyrovague

From Medieval Latin gȳrovagus (“wandering aimlessly”).

der

(obsolete) A wandering monk having no fixed monastery, as exemplified in the Rule of St. Benedict.


meetinghouse

A building where a Quaker congregation assembles for worship.


canonize

en-verb

canonize (third-person singular simple present canonizes, present participle canonizing, simple past and past participle canonized)

term-label

(transitive, American spelling, Oxford British English)

canonizes (present singular third-person)
canonizing (participle present)
canonized (participle past)
canonized (past)

From Late Middle English canonizen (“to declare as a saint; to appoint to an ecclesiastical office”), from Old French canonisier (modern French canoniser (“to canonize”)), or from its etymon Medieval Latin, Late Latin canōnizāre, the present active infinitive of Latin canōnizō (“to recognize as a saint, canonize; to declare as authoritative or official”), from Latin canōn (“measuring line; (figurative) precept, rule, canon; authorized catalogue”) + -izō (suffix forming verbs). The English word is analysable as canon (“general principle, rule; authoritative group of works; catalogue of saints canonized in the Roman Catholic Church”) + -ize.

affix

Thomas Becket was canonized in 1173.

Wée maye woorſhippe neyther the Virgine Marie, neyther the Apoſtles, neyther any Saincte, neyther make holy dayes, or Temples for them, muche leſſe Canonize them, which comprehendeth all theſe.

1572, [Christopher Carlile], “The Second Discovrs, wherein is Proued, that neyther Peter, nor the Pope, is the Head of Christes Church”, in A Discourse. Wherein is Plainly Proued by the Order of Time and Place, that Peter was Neuer at Rome. […], London: […] Tho[mas] East and H[enry] Myddleton; for VVilliam Norton, →OCLC, folio 30, recto:

In heaven, are the ſowls of men departed in the popiſh fayth, and delivered from purgatorie: ſome of which, the Pope canonizeth for Saincts, whom the people on earth are religiouſly to honour and pray unto, as their mediators with God.

1613, Henry Ainsworth, “The 5. Point of Difference: In the Letter”, in An Animadversion to Mr Richard Clyftons Advertisement. […], Amsterdam: […] Giles Thorp, →OCLC, page 79:

He muſt be of an eaſie belief, that can be certainly perſwaded that every one whom the Pope Canonizeth, and putteth into the Liſt of Saints, is ſo indeed.

1675, [Mr. Mayo], “Sermon XV. Invocation of Saints and Angels, Unlawful.”, in Nathanael Vincent [i.e., Nathaniel Vincent], editor, The Morning-exercise against Popery. Or, The Principal Errors of the Church of Rome Detected and Confuted, […], London: […] A. Maxwell for Tho[mas] Parkhurst, […], →OCLC, page 527:

Where to pray to thy suppositious saints? Where has it taught thee to enjoin men to pray to imaginary saints, whom thou canonizest from time to time?

1869 September, “Spurious Churches”, in Christ is Coming! […], 5th edition, London: […] [F]or the author by John B. Day, […], published 1871, →OCLC, part V (Re-organization of the One Holy Universal Church of Christ), page 197:

Nay, where pilgrimages are not successful, they begin to canonise saints, not in honor of the saints—for they are sufficiently honored without canonisation—but in order to draw crowds and bring in money.

1947, Martin Luther, “An Open Letter to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, Concerning the Reform of the Christian Estate: 1520”, in [Charles M. Jacobs?], transl., Three Treatises: An Open Letter to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation Concerning the Reform of the Christian Estate. A Prelude on the Babylonian Captivity of the Church. A Treatise on Christian liberty, Philadelphia, Pa.: Muhlenberg Press, →OCLC, page 131:

Since the twelfth century the pope has been the Church's sole authority for canonizing saints. But not even a pope can "make" a saint. As Pope Paul VI explained at the canonization of Julie Billiart (April 8): "We do not create, we do not confer saintliness, we recognize it, we proclaim it."

2001, Sarah Gallick, “Introduction”, in The Big Book of Women Saints, New York, N.Y.: HarperSanFrancisco, →ISBN, page 2:

(chiefly Roman Catholicism) To declare (a deceased person) as a saint, and enter them into the canon of saints.

Yet becauſe there are Two Pretences made; One, that elſewhere he Canonizeth all the reſt of the Conteſted Books; and another, that in this place he detracteth nothing in that behalf from the Books of the Maccabes, we will clear the way before us, and anſwer them both.

1657, [John] Cosin, “The Testimonies of the Ecclesiastical Writers in the Seventh Century”, in A Scholastical History of the Canon of the Holy Scripture: Or The Certain and Indubitate Books thereof as They are Received in the Church of England, London: […] R[oger] Norton for Timothy Garthwait […], →OCLC, page 136:

Not all psalms that claim Davidic authorship were included in the canon, but those that were canonized frequently had this association.

2017, Timothy H. Lim, “An Indicative Definition of the Canon”, in Timothy H. Lim with Kengo Akiyama, editors, When Texts are Canonized (Brown Judaic Studies; no. 359), Providence, R.I.: Brown Judaic Studies, →ISBN, page 22:

(Christianity) To formally declare (a piece of religious writing) to be part of the biblical canon.

He ſhews, the Legate's Drift was to Canonize all the Abuſes of the Court of Rome: ſo they never ſuffer'd them to be treated of freely, but managed them like the Compounding of a Law-Suit: [...]

1715, Gilbert [Burnet], “Book IV. Of what Happen’d during the Reign of King Edward the VIth, from the Year 1547, to the Year 1553.”, in The History of the Reformation of the Church of England. The Third Part. […], London: […] J. Churchill […], →OCLC, page 183:

[T]hat a rhetorician, like Libanius, a Pagan even to madneſs, ſhould think the Chriſtians capable of attempting the life of Julian, is not ſurpriſing. [...] But that an eccleſiaſtical hiſtorian, like Sozomen, ſhould be tempted to canoniſe ſo deteſtable an action, might perhaps not be credited on my aſſertion.

1784, [Jean-Philippe-René] de La Bléterie, “History of the Emperor Jovian”, in John Duncombe, transl., Select Works of the Emperor Julian, and Some Pieces of the Sophist Libanius, Translated from the Greek. […], volume II, London: […] J[ohn] Nichols; [f]or T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, page 271:

The European library only achieves its characteristic design in 1843, with the separation of reading areas from bookstacks first attempted in library architecture at the Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève at the Université de Paris. [...] [Anthony] Panizzi's British Museum Reading Room (stacks surrounding a central reading room) canonised the procedure, which dominates even the more recent tower stacks, in which librarianship triumphs over ideological and economic divides, [...]

1998, Sean Cubitt, “Reading the Interface”, in Digital Aesthetics, London, Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications, →ISBN, page 9:

(chiefly Christianity) Especially of a church: to give official approval to; to authorize, to sanction.


biblicist

Originated 1830–40 from Medieval Latin biblicus (Biblical) + -ist.

A Biblical scholar or expert (Bible scholar or expert).


interdiction

en-noun

interdiction (countable and uncountable, plural interdictions)

From Middle English, borrowed from French interdiction, itself a borrowing from Latin interdictiō.

the act of interdicting or something interdicted


patriarchate

From Middle French patriarcat, from Old French patriarcat, from Medieval Latin patriarchatus, from Ancient Greek πατριάρχης (patriárkhēs, “patriarch”). By surface analysis, patriarch + -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office, the concrete charge of it, a body of people involved with it).

surf

The patriarchate of Pope John Paul II as Patriarch of the West was more than 25 years.

(Christianity) The term of office of a Christian patriarch.


Cain

From Hebrew קַיִן (Káyin, “craftsman”), present since Old English.

According to the Book of Jubilees Cain got married to his sister Awan.

And Cain talked with Abel his brother: and it came to paſſe when they were in the field, that Cain roſe vp againſt Abel his brother, and ſlew him.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 4:8, column 2:

(biblical) The son of Adam and Eve who killed his brother Abel.


Islamization

en-noun

Islamization (countable and uncountable, plural Islamizations)


AMP

(biblical) Abbreviation of Amplified Bible.


adoptionism

This account is close to Matthew 3:13–17 and its parallels in Mark and Luke, with one key difference—the addition of the phrase, “This day I have begotten you.” The Ebionites chose the moment of Jesus’ baptism by John as the key moment in which Jesus became God’s son, rather than the moment of Jesus’ birth. Jesus became God’s son by being “adopted” by him (a “spiritual birth,” so to speak) rather than by being literally fathered by God and born of a virgin. This idea is called adoptionism.

2000, Keith Akers, “[3] A VOICE IN THE WILDERNESS”, in The lost religion of Jesus: simple living and nonviolence in early Christianity, New York, NY: Lantern Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 46:

(Christianity) A form of Christianity which maintains that Jesus is divine only in the sense that God the Father adopted him, either at Jesus' birth, or at his death, as opposed to the orthodox understanding of the nature of the Trinity.

adozionismo

form of Christianity which maintains that Jesus is divine only in the sense that God adopted him


adoptionist

(Christianity) One who believes in or supports adoptionism.


Pelagianism

From the name of its founder, Pelagius: Pelagian + -ism.

(Christianity) A Christian belief that denies the view of original sin and the necessity of grace, asserting that man is capable of achieving salvation by his own efforts.


Marcionism

Gnosticism and Marcionism offered two possible futures for the Jesus cult.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 127:

(Christianity) An early Christian following akin to but distinct from gnosticism which rejected the validity of the Old Testament and essentially denied the Trinity, regarding God the Father as an inferior demiurge, and that Jesus had nothing to do with the First Person of the Trinity.


epistle lesson

(Christianity) A reading from one of the New Testament epistles (written by St. Paul and others); one of the usual four readings from the Bible found in many (Sunday) Christian church services, in various denominations.


Clarissa

Clarissa
Clarissa (novel)
Samuel Richardson

Borrowed from Italian Clarissa, from Medieval Latin Clarissa; see there for more. Popularized in English by Samuel Richardson's 1748 novel Clarissa. Doublet of Clarisse.

Following Francis' example, Clare founded an order of religious women known as the Poor Ladies of Assisi (like Francis' Poor Men), and later as the Clarissas or Poor Clares in her honor.

1991, Thomas Head, “Clare of Assisi”, in An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers:

In the protomonastero of Santa Chiara in Assisi, erected from the outset for the Clarissas, however, equally frequent changes and modifications in the location of the nuns' choir suggest that there were still uncertainties as to the best place for it.

1992, Caroline A. Bruzelius, “Hearing Is Believing: Clarissan Architecture, ca. 1213–1340”, in Gesta, volume 31, number 2, page 85:

The rule of Urban IV also clarified the nomenclature of the Clarissas, with the pope designating the group as the Order of St. Claire rather than Poor Ladies, or Poor Recluses, of San Damiano.

1995, Caroline A. Bruzelius, “Queen Sancia of Mallorca and the Convent Church of Sta. Chiara in Naples”, in Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome, volume 40, page 75:

(Catholicism) Synonym of Poor Clare: a nun of the Order of Saint Clare.


hungry ghost

(Buddhism, Chinese folk religion) A type of supernatural being, condemned to desire more than it can consume; often depicted with large belly and tiny mouth.

ပြိတ္တာ

in Buddhism, a type of supernatural being


paternoster

/ˈpɑtəɹˌnɔstɚ/

From Middle English paternoster, pater noster, from Old English Paternoster, from Latin Pater noster (“our father”) (the first two words of the Oratio Dominica (“the Lord's prayer”)), from pater (“father”) + noster (“our”). The lift and the fishing equipment are named from their resemblance to a rosary.

(Christianity) The Lord's Prayer, especially in a Roman Catholic context.

(Christianity, archaic) A string of beads used in counting prayers that are said; a rosary.

(Christianity, archaic) Every eleventh bead in a rosary, at which, while counting the beads, the Lord's Prayer is to be repeated.

(Christianity, archaic) A medieval artisan who crafted rosary beads or prayer nuts.


monophysitism

From Byzantine Greek μονοφυσιτισμός (monophusitismós), from μόνος (mónos, “only one”) + φύσις (phúsis, “nature”) + -ισμός (-ismós, “-ism”), hence “belief in a single nature”.

bor

μονοφυσιτισμός

To claim that Jesus did not have human feelings amounts to monophysitism.

But of monophysitism, Eutychianism, mixture or fusion of the natures, transformation of the one nature into the other, or the absorption of humanity into divinity Schwenckfeld was accused, as previously observed.

1959, Paul L. Maier, Caspar Schwenckfeld on the Person and Work of Christ: A Study of Schwenckfeldian Theology at Its Core, page 78:

A third inadequate view is called monophysitism […] The primary advocate of this view in the early church was Eutyches […] [who] taught that Jesus was a mixture of divine and human elements in which both were somewhat modified to form one new nature.

2000, Wayne A. Grudem, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine, 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 555:

The other major dissenting group, the Monophysites […] rejected the Orthodox doctrine that Christ’s divine and human natures were separate. In practice, they usually even went further and stated that Christ had a single, divine nature. Monophysitism became the doctrine of the Coptic Church in Egypt, which made up the vast majority of Egyptians.

2004, Vernon O. Egger, A History of the Muslim World to 1405: The Making of a Civilization, →ISBN, page 9:

Severus of Antioch became the new leader of Monophysitism after Chalcedon […] The Monophysites saw the Logos as he had become incarnate, and possessed his humanity and divinity in one new nature that combined both.

2022, James D. Gifford Jr., The Hexagon of Heresy: A Historical and Theological Study of Definitional Divine Simplicity, →ISBN, page 99:

(Christianity) A Christological doctrine, generally considered heterodox or heretical, holding that Jesus Christ has a single nature, which is either wholly divine or partially human and partially divine.

monofisisme

Christian doctrine claiming a single nature of Jesus Christ

Aramaic was the vernacular language of Syria until it was replaced by Arabic. Syriac remained the ecclesiastical language of Monophysitism.

1994, M. A. Al-Bakhit et al., editors, History of Humanity, volume 4, From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century, page 318:

Oriental Orthodox Church
Oriental Orthodox Church

(Christianity, sometimes derogatory) The beliefs and practices of the Oriental Orthodox Church.


Proteus

Derived from Ancient Greek Πρωτεύς (Prōteús).

der+

(Greek mythology) A sea god who could change his shape at will.


terefah

Of course, one might say that since we are all mortal, life itself is a terminal illness! That would put us all in the category of terefah.

2003, Elliot N. Dorff, Love Your Neighbor and Yourself: A Jewish Approach to Modern Personal Ethics, →ISBN, page 242:


Donatism

(Christianity) An early Christian belief which maintained that apostate priests were incapable of administering the sacraments, as opposed to the orthodox view that any sacrament administered by a properly ordained priest or bishop is valid, regardless of how sinful he is or if he has converted to another religion.


tonsure

en-verb

tonsure (third-person singular simple present tonsures, present participle tonsuring, simple past and past participle tonsured)

tonsures (present singular third-person)
tonsuring (participle present)
tonsured (participle past)
tonsured (past)

From Middle English tonsure, from Anglo-Norman and Old French tonsure, from Latin tonsūra (“a clipping, trimming”), from tondeō (“shear, clip, trim”).

(Christianity, Buddhism) To shave the crown of the head as a sign of humility and religious vocation.


tonsure

The hairstyle and characteristic bald patch resulting from being tonsured.


docetism

en-noun

docetism (countable and uncountable, plural docetisms)

From Latin Docetae + -ism, from Ancient Greek δοκηταί (dokētaí, “phantasmists”), coined 197–203 CE by Serapion of Antioch, from δοκέω (dokéō, “I seem”), δόκησις (dókēsis, “apparition, phantom”). Related to latter component of synecdoche.

der

His Passion and Resurrection in history were therefore not fleshly events, even if they seemed so; they were heavenly play-acting (the doctrine known as Docetism, from the Greek verb dokein, ‘to seem’).

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 124:

(Christianity) The doctrine of the Docetes, that Jesus only appeared to have a physical body and was ultimately of celestial substance.


voodooism

en-noun

voodooism (countable and uncountable, plural voodooisms)

Voodooism is Devil worship pure and simple.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 189:

(uncountable) A religious cult, from Haiti, involving witchcraft and sorcery.


via affirmativa

The medieval Roman Catholic Church recognized two opposite roads to grace: the via negativa of the monk's cell and the hermit's cave, and the via affirmativa of immersion in human affairs, of being in the world whether or not one is of it.

1986 December 28, John Barth, “A Few Words About Minimalism”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(theology) A concept of God built up through positive statements about his nature.


via negativa

(theology) A concept of God built up through negative statements about his nature.


Levite

Borrowed from Late Latin Levītēs, Lēvīta, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek Λευῑ́της (Leuī́tēs). By surface analysis, Levi + -ite.

Of or related to Levi, the Levites, or their priestly role.

Joseph

Josephite: Ephraim (Ephraimite); Manasseh (Manassite)

Asher

descendants of the patriarch Jacob, later renamed Israel


Pauline

(Christianity) Of or relating to the Apostle Paul, his writings, his doctrines, and the form of Christianity that arose from them.

paulí

of or relating to the Apostle Paul and his doctrines


dormition

dormition (countable and uncountable, plural dormitions)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-dormition.wav

Borrowed from Middle French dormition, from Latin dormītiōnem.

The Virgin had allegedly given away her robe just before her death – what is in Eastern tradition called her Dormition, or falling asleep.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 507:

(Eastern Orthodoxy, often capitalized) The death and assumption into heaven of the Virgin Mary.

رُقَاد

the death and assumption of the Virgin Mary


siddhi

siddhi (countable and uncountable, plural siddhis)

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit सिद्धि (siddhi).

lbor

(Hinduism, tantric Buddhism) spiritual power or psychic ability


heresiarch

/hɛˈɹiːzɪɑːk/

/ˈhɛɹɪsɪˌɑːk/

Borrowed from French hérésiarque, from Ecclesiastical Latin haeresiarcha (or directly from the Latin word), from ecclesiastical Byzantine Greek αἱρεσιάρχης (hairesiárkhēs, “leader of a sect”), from Ancient Greek αἵρεσῐς (haíresis, “heresy”) + -ᾰ́ρχης (-árkhēs, “leader, ruler”), corresponding to heresy + -arch.

der

He died in 1223, and seems to have had no successor; not is it an ascertained point that more than one such hæresiarch was ever recognized.

1838, James Henthorn Todd, “Note D.—See Lecture I. p. 34. The Fratricelli, and Beguins.”, in Discourses on the Prophecies Relating to Antichrist in the Writings of Daniel and St. Paul; […], Dublin: Printed at the University Press; London: J. G. F. and J. Rivington; […], published 1840, →OCLC, footnote h, pages 463–464:

Is the heresiarch a less pernicious member of society than the murderer? Is not the loss of one soul a greater evil than the extinction of many lives? […] If then, the heresiarch causes infinitely greater evils than the murderer, why is he not as proper an object of penal legislation as the murderer? We can give a reason,—a reason, short, simple, decisive, and consistent. We do not extenuate the evil which the heresiarch produces; but we say that it is not evil of that sort against which it is the end of government to guard.

1839 April, [Thomas Babington Macaulay], “Art. X.—The State in Its Relations with the Church. By W[illiam] E[wart] Gladstone, Esq., Student of Christ Church, and M.P. for Newark. 8vo. Second Edition. London: 1839. [book review]”, in The Edinburgh Review, or Critical Journal, volume LXIX, number CXXXIX, Edinburgh: Printed by Ballantyne and Hughes; for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, London. [...], →OCLC, pages 249–250:

Sermons, whose writers played such dangerous tricks / Their own heresiarchs called them heretics, […]

1843 August 24, Oliver Wendell Holmes [Sr.], “Terpsichore”, in The Poetical Works of Oliver Wendell Holmes, 1st English edition, London: G[eorge] Routledge & Co., […], published 1852, →OCLC, page 38:

Nestorǐus, a celebrated Haeresiarch, was appointed patriarch of Constantinople a.d. 428, but in consequence of his heresy was deposed at the council of Ephesus, 431. […] Nestorius carefully distinguished between the divine and human nature attributed to Christ, and refused to give to the Virgin Mary the title of Theotocus (Θεοτόκος) or "Mother of God."

1858, William Smith, “Nestorǐus”, in A Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology, and Geography, Based on the Larger Dictionaries, 4th revised edition, London: John Murray, […]; Walton and Maberly, […], →OCLC, page 476, column 1:

Beautiful as Mr. [James Allanson] Picton's book was, its tendency was away from Christianity, and, followed to its logical conclusions, led to the renunciation of the Christian faith. He was illustrating an old truth, though to me then an undiscovered one, that a heresiarch may be, and often is, a very noble man, whatever may be the result to society of his views.

1913, Frederick Rogers, “James Allanson Picton, 1868–1878”, in Labour, Life and Literature: Some Memories of Sixty Years, London: Smith, Elder & Co., […], →OCLC, page 39:

Although questions remain, it is, on balance, most reasonable to assign the Gospel of Truth to the Valentinian tradition. This is also the judgment of the majority of scholars. Whether the homily was actually composed by Valentinus himself, as some believe, cannot confidently be known. However, the quality of the composition and the authority of the voice that speaks in it do point in the direction of the heresiarch himself, rather than some minor and unknown figure.

2007, Einar Thomassen (introduction), Marvin Meyer, transl. and editor, “NHC I,3; XII,2”, in The Nag Hammadi Scriptures, international edition, New York, N.Y.: HarperOne, →ISBN, page 34:

Who were the heresiarchs of the Beguins? Surely the ultimate heresiarch was Peter [John] Olivi himself, and his body ("relics" to his followers, mere bones to the inquisitors) were spirited away from Narbonne at the very beginning of the conflict to be burned like a live heresiarch, with the ashes thrown into the Rhône.

2008, Louisa A[nne] Burnham, “Heretics, Heresiarchs, and Leaders”, in So Great a Light, So Great a Smoke: The Beguin Heretics of Languedoc (Conjunctions of Religion and Power in the Medieval Past), Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, →ISBN, page 135:

(religion) The founder of a heresy, or a major ecclesiastical proponent of such a heresy.


auditor

From Anglo-Norman auditour, from Latin audītor (“hearer, auditor”).

(Scientology) One trained to perform spiritual guidance procedures.


interdenominational

Coordinate term: nondenominational

Near-synonyms: ecumenic, ecumenical

(religion) Of, relating to, or between different denominations or churches.

idirchreidmheach

of, relating to, or between different denominations or churches


perfecta

(historical, Christianity) A female perfect (Cathar leader).


Judahite

Of or pertaining to Judah (the patriarch), to the tribe of Judah, or to the ancient kingdom of Judah, or its inhabitants.

Judees

of or pertaining to the ancient kingdom of Judah, or its inhabitants


burnt offering

/bɜːnt ˈɒfəɹɪŋ/

/bɝnt ˈɔfəɹɪŋ/

PIE word
 *h₁epi
From Middle English brend offring, brend offringe, from brend (past participle of brennen (“to burn”)) + offring, offringe (“presentation of something as a religious offering; offering presented to God or another deity”), used in biblical texts to translate Late Latin holocaustum (“burnt offering wholly consumed by fire”) in the Vulgate version of the Bible. The English term is analysable as burnt + offering.

noncog

[…] Job ſent for them, and clenſed them agayne, ſtode vp early, and offred for eueryone a brẽtofferinge [brentofferinge].

1535 October 14 (Gregorian calendar), Myles Coverdale, transl., Biblia: The Byble, […] (Coverdale Bible), [Cologne or Marburg]: [Eucharius Cervicornus and Johannes Soter?], →OCLC, Job j:[5], folio i, recto, column 2:

When they faſt I will not heare their crie, and when they offer burnt offering and an oblation I wil not accept them: but I will conſume them by the ſword, and by the famine, and by the peſtilence.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 14:12, column 2:

(biblical) A slaughtered animal offered and burnt on an altar as an atonement for sin.

brandoffer

(religion, by extension) Any similar sacrifice to a deity or deities, or to a deceased person.

polttouhri

any similar sacrifice to a deity or deities, or to an deceased person


fajr

Excuse me, brother, but would you mind regularising your fajr schedule.

2019, John Lanchester, Capital, Faber and Faber (2013), page 406:

(Islam) the first of the five daily prayers recited by practicing Muslims.


geas

Borrowed, like English geis, from Irish geis (“injunction; taboo, prohibition, spell”). The pronunciation resembles Irish geis, though the spelling matches its synonymous but heterophonous alternative form geas.

bor

It can send us where it will with a task laid upon us—a geas, if you like.

Galaad stood up again and turned to Mrs. Whitaker. 'Gracious lady, keeper of the Holy of Holies, let me now depart this place with the Blessed Chalice, that my journeyings may be ended and my geas fulfilled.'

1992, Neil Gaiman, "Chivalry", republished in 1998, Smoke and Mirrors

The geas is the last effective enchantment we shall consider. A geas is a restriction or compulsion laid upon a person by a druid or a bard. To break a geas is to forfeit one's share of luck and possibly one's life.[…]Geasa are not curses, but recognitions of individual needs given to protect and help an individual succeed at life.

2003, Arthur Rowan, The Lore of the Bard: A Guide to the Celtic and Druid Mysteries, Llewellyn Worldwide, page 126:

A geas is a powerful binding spell that binds its subject to a particular task or restriction. Frequently in Irish legends, the playing out of a geas laid upon a hero reminds one of the playing out of fate in the Greek tragedies.

2012, Alferian Gwydion MacLir, Wandlore: The Art of Crafting the Ultimate Magical Tool, Llewellyn Worldwide, →ISBN, page 37:

The Sorcerer Royal's servants had formerly been bound by a geas against disclosure of any detail of his household affairs, breach of which was visited by the most terrible revenge.

2016, Zen Cho, Sorcerer to the Crown, Penguin, →ISBN, page 181:

I recognized the self-geas against telling a falsehood in the particular conversation. Our courts still haven't adopted it—Fifth Amendment—but I'd seen it used in trials abroad. The demon recognized it, too.

2018, Poul Anderson, Operation Chaos and Operation Luna, Open Road Media, →ISBN:

“No one knows why?” “No one will talk about it. The older ones give each other looks if the subject comes up—which it almost never does. I heard a rumor there was a geas against speaking of what happened.” My eyebrows shot up.

2019, Jennifer Blackstream, The Blood Trails Series, Books 1-3: Deadline, Monster, and Taken, Skeleton Key Publishing

If you have a geas against eating a particular food or foods, it is unlikely you will ever have to break it. You may have to skip some tasty looking dishes, and in certain circumstances may end up with a rather meager meal.

2019, John Beckett, Paganism In Depth: A Polytheist Approach, Llewellyn Worldwide, →ISBN:

Most likely Concordance's geas against artificial modification was left over from some earlier age when the tech was unreliable, dangerous. Or maybe they feared those with amped-up transhuman abilities.

2020, Simon Kewin, The Triple Stars Trilogy: the complete box set, Stormcrow Books:

(originally in ancient Irish religion and mythology) A (generally magical) vow, obligation or injunction placed upon someone to do or not do something, which typically brings harm if violated and blessings if obeyed.


Matrixism

A minor modern religion based on the science-fiction franchise The Matrix.


Kaaba

(Islam) The nearly cubical stone temple in Mecca, the holiest place in Islam and site of the great hajj assembly.


Meru

2003, J. Dina Bagdel, John C. Huntington Buddhist Cosmology: Environment of Meditative Transformation: Mount Meru, John C. Huntington, Dina Bangdel, Robert A. F. Thurman, The Circle of Bliss: Buddhist Meditational Art, page 66,
Buddhist realizations and transformations take place in a sacred meditational space known as Mount Meru, or Sumeru. In Western-language literature, the Mount Meru system is often construed as the "Buddhist universe," but this description is misleading as it implies a singular phenomenon. The Mount Meru system is indeed an expression of Buddhist cosmology, but it describes structure of the cosmos.

2013, Eric Huntington, Portrait of a Landscape: Depictions of the Meru Cosmos in Buddhist Art & Culture, Dissertation, University of Chicago.

(mythology, religion, usually with "Mount") The abode of the gods at the center of the universe in Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist traditions.

Mount Meru

mountain abode of gods in Buddhist, Hindu and Jainistic traditions


religieuse

A type of eclair made of two choux pastry cases, the smaller fixed atop of the other.


rectory

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-rectory.wav

From Middle French rectorie, from Medieval Latin rectoria. See rector.

The residence of Roman Catholic priest(s) associated with a parish church.


Inari

(Japanese mythology, Shinto) The god of harvests, fertility, rice, agriculture, foxes, industry, and worldly success.


Deseret

From the Book of Mormon, in which the word is said to mean honey bee in the language of the Jaredites.

A script, invented in Utah, conceived of as a radical reform and replacement of the Latin script, intended for writing English phonetically. Example: the word seven in Deseret is 𐑅𐐯𐑂𐐮𐑌.