Mariolatry

en-noun

Mariolatry (countable and uncountable, plural Mariolatries)

/ˌmɛːɹiˈɒlətɹi/

/ˌmɛɹiˈɑlətɹi/

From Latin Marīa or English Mary (“the Virgin Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ”) + -o- + -latry, modelled after idolatry. The English word is cognate with French mariolâtrie, Italian mariolatria, Late Latin mariolatria.

affix

For, though it were a knowen corruption, and therefore ſhould haue beene auoyded; yet [Robert] Bellarmine in muſtering vp the Fathers authorities, for proofe of the reading, ipſa (the beſt ground of their Mariolatrie) brings in [John] Chryſoſtom in the rereward.

1611, Thomas Iames [i.e., Thomas James], “The 32. Place Corrupted, in the 17. Homily of Chrys[ostom] vpon Gen[esis] To[me] 1. Pg. 97.”, in A Treatise of the Corrvption of Scripture, Councels, and Fathers, by the Prelats, Pastors, and Pillars of the Church of Rome, for Maintenance of Popery and Irreligion. […], London: Printed by H. L. for Mathew Lownes, →OCLC; republished London: Printed by H. L. for Mathew Lownes; […], 1612, →OCLC, part II (Corruption of the True Fathers), page 85:

Our great prophet has so ordered the revelation of God's will, and of the doctrines of life, that Christians have nothing to justify or excuse this Maryolatry,—this idolatrous exaltation of Mary.

1843, Alexander Viets Griswold, The Reformation: A Brief Exposition of Some of the Errors and Corruptions of the Church of Rome, Boston, Mass.: James B. Dow, publisher, →OCLC, page 87:

St. Bernard [of Clairvaux] was a champion of the Virgin, second only to S^(n.) Buonaventura, the Seraphic Doctor; and both advocated Mariolatry to its wildest extent, substituting her for the Father and the Redeemer.

1845, [Richard Ford], “Madrid”, in A Hand-book for Travellers in Spain, and Readers at Home. […], part II, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, section XI (The Castiles; Old and New), page 754, column 2:

[I]f this is the rational reverence of Protestantism,—it cannot be long before the ingenuity of our enemies compiles the annals of Bibliolatry, abounding, if not with sad impieties, yet with absurdities as numberless and as noxious as the thousand and one Mariolatries, with which our controversialists are armed.

1846 April, “Art. VIII.—The Annals of the English Bible, by Christopher Anderson. London: William Pickering. 1845. 2 vols. octavo. [book review]”, in Southern Quarterly Review, volume IX, number XVIII, Charleston, S.C.: Published for the proprietor, →OCLC, page 481:

[O]n the side of the regulation religion [...] can be cited at best the regimental psalmody of Mr. [Rudyard] Kipling, lyrist of trumpet and drum; the stained-glass Mariolatries of Mr. Francis Thompson; and the Godism of Mr. [William Ernest] Henley, whereat the prosaic godly look askance.

1899, John M[ackinnon] Robertson, “Freethought in the Nineteenth Century”, in A Short History of Freethought: Ancient and Modern, London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co. Ltd.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Co., →OCLC, part I (The Culture Forces), § 6 (Poetry and Fine Letters), paragraph 4, page 412:

Even historically, it is interesting to note, Roman Mariolatry now denies the very circumstances out of which it arose. [...] The second half of the 11th century theology is marked by two outstanding developments; one being the canonical declaration of Transubstantiation and the other being the rise of Mariolatry. Both of these were an attempt to express the saving presence of deity amongst men and directly available to men.

1954 April 4, Clinton H. Blake, “Gravest Heresy [letter]”, in Peter [Morton] Day, editor, The Living Church, volume CXXVIII, number 14, Milwaukee, Wis.: Church Literature Foundation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3, column 1:

[I]t is understandable that Mariolatry has worked with unparalleled productivity in the history of piety without a sufficient historical basis and even to a great extent without an old tradition. In Mariolatry the church has not, as in Christology, pursued the inner logic of a historically given starting point, but has sought repeatedly to express its own essence in the figure of Mary.

1977, Wolfhart Pannenberg, “Jesus’ Divinity in Relation to the Father’s Divinity”, in Lewis L. Wilkins, Duane A. Priebe, transl., Jesus – God and Man, 2nd edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: The Westminster Press, →ISBN, part 1 (The Knowledge of Jesus’ Divinity), section II.2 (Virgin Birth and Incarnation), page 147:

In his Apologia Pro Vita Sua (1864, 176–8), [John Henry] Newman's great autobiographical account of his gradual conversion, he tells us that Catholic "Mariolatry," the emphasis that Catholics place upon Mary and Marian devotions, had always been one of his greatest stumbling blocks.

1989, Michael P. Carroll, “The Splintering of Religious Devotion in Catholicism”, in Catholic Cults and Devotions: A Psychological Inquiry, Kingston, Ont., Montreal, Que.: McGill–Queen’s University Press, →ISBN, page 166:

Such mounting departure from truth, as Maryolatry, was instrumental in causing Christianity to be eliminated from another important segment of the Christian world. [...] [T]he overburden of superstition, especially the Maryolatry, caused Christianity to be swept away from that great land [Russia] with the revolution.

1989, Rolland E. Wolfe, How the Easter Story Grew from Gospel to Gospel, Lewiston, N.Y., Queenston, Ont.: The Edward Mellen Press, →ISBN, page 240:

(Protestantism, derogatory) Adoration or veneration of the Virgin Mary to an extent regarded as inappropriate or even idolatrous.

mariolâtrie

adoration or veneration of the Virgin Mary to an extent regarded as inappropriate or even idolatrous


coadjutor bishop

en-noun

coadjutor bishop (plural coadjutor bishops)

The bishop [...] encouraged his flock to bully this brilliant stranger into being ordained priest and soon Augustine was coadjutor (assistant) bishop in the town.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 304:

(Roman Catholicism) An auxiliary bishop with the right of succession, i.e., he becomes bishop upon the death, removal or retirement of the incumbent bishop.


supersessionism

supersessionism (countable and uncountable, plural supersessionisms)

Pat Robertson's comment makes sense as an expression of what theologians call "supersessionism." While he may love Jews, Robertson believes that the coming of Jesus made Christians, not Jews, the chosen people. The Christian covenant with God is the one that matters.

(Christianity) The belief not merely that Judaism has been supplanted by Christianity, but that the covenant between God and Israel as His chosen people has been abrogated.


archdeacon

From Middle English arcedekne, archdecon, archdekne, archdekyn, archedeken, archedekyn, archedyacun, archideken, archidiacon, ardekne, ercedekene, ercedekne, erchdekene, erchedekene, erchedekne, erresdeken, ersedekne, ersedekyn, from Old English ærcedæcne, ærcediæcne, earcedæcne (from Late Latin archidiāconus) and Old French arc(h)ediacne.

(Anglicanism, Eastern Orthodoxy) A senior administrative official in a diocese, just under the bishop, often in charge of an archdeaconry. As a title, it can be filled by either a deacon or priest.

Anglicanism; Eastern Orthodoxy; Anglicanism; Eastern Orthodoxy


suffragan

From Anglo-Norman, Old French suffragam, from (the stem of) Latin suffrāgium (“suffrage”).

One saint's day in mid-term a certain newly appointed suffragan-bishop came to the school chapel, and there preached on “The Inner Life.”

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter III, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

A suffragan could share the tasks which were special to bishops; for example, by conducting confirmations.

2015, GR Evans, Edward Hicks: Pacifist Bishop at War:


Millerite

The voices of the Millerites were heard singing and shouting and exhorting each other to stand firm, and to see to it that their lamps were trimmed and burning, ready for the awful moment whenever it might come. Still - nothing happened!

1924, Clara Endicott Sears, chapter 8, in Days of Delusion - A Strange Bit of History:

(Christianity) One who followed the calculations of William Miller or his followers that the world would end on October 22, 1844; when it did not, the Great Disappointment occurred. The subsequent denominations his movement spawned include the Adventists, Jehovah's Witnesses and the (Campbellite) Restorationists.


Immanuel

From Hebrew עִמָּנוּאֵל (ʿimanuʾél), from עִמָּנוּ אֵל (ʿimánu ʾél, literally “God is with us”).

der

Hebrew עִמָּנוּאֵל (ʿimanuʾél)

Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 7:14:

(biblical) A figure whose birth is prophesied in the Book of Isaiah in the Bible.

(Christianity) This figure, regarded by Christians as the Messiah or Christ.


anthropomorphology

(religion) The attribution of human characteristics to God.


Norn

Ultimately from Old Norse norrǿnn (“northern, Norse”)

An extinct North Germanic language once spoken on the Shetland and Orkney Islands.


creation science

[…] fundamentalist religious believers who look to religious texts (be it the Bible or the Qur'an) to espouse a so-called creation science […].

2013, Kostas Kamourakis, The Philosophy of Biology: A Companion for Educators, page 182:

The case of creation science vis-a-vis theory of evolution, 'Islamic science' (Koran being the source of all scientific knowledge) […]

2006, Ram Puniyani, Contours of Hindu Rashtra, page 321:

[…] the inspired writings, be they the Torah, the Qur'an, or the Bible, are interpreted by some in these traditions as providing literal descriptions of all aspects of reality […] Based upon this assumption the idea of creation science was born.

2003, Ted Peters, Bridging Science and Religion, page 76:

The creation story found in Genesis in the Bible or the Qur'an, presented by fundamentalists as if it were a literal scientific truth.


rhason

From Ancient Greek ῥάσον (rháson), compare Greek ράσο (ráso).

The inner rhason corresponds to the cassock and, like it, is used by the secular clergy. The outer rhason, a wide-sleeved garment, is black in the Greek Church but variable in colour in the Russian Church among the secular clergy (i.e., those who minister in parishes).

1998, Encyclopaedia Britannica CD 98 Multimedia Edition:

The clerical garb worn in the Greek and Russian Orthodox Churches.


omophorion

en-noun

omophorion (plural omophorions or omophoria)

From Byzantine Greek ὠμοφόριον (ōmophórion), from Ancient Greek ὦμος (ômos, “shoulder”) + φέρω (phérō, “carry”).

a little band of marchers displays Greek Orthodox outfits, the rhason and sticharion, the epitrachelion and the epimanikia, the sakkos, the epigonation, the zone, the omophorion; they brandish icons and enkolpia, dikerotikera and dikanikion.

1972, Robert Silverberg, “Thomas the Proclaimer”, in Sailing to Byzantium, Agberg Ltd., published September 2000, page 232.:

The bishop wears an omophorion, whose shape and manner of wearing are closer to the original pallium than either the stole or the epitrachelion.

Although the bishop also wears - an epitrachelion, his distinctive sign of office is the omophorion-a long, broad strip arranged on the shoulders in such a way that one end descends in front and the other behind. The word 'omophorion' means "shoulder covering" and originally referred to a piece of sheepskin worn over the shoulders by the aged and in firm for warmth.

2001, “The Symbolism of Vestments”, in Orthodox America, archived from the original on 2001-01-21:

A band of brocade originally of wool decorated with crosses and worn on the neck and around the shoulders as the distinguishing vestment of a bishop and the symbol of his spiritual and ecclesiastical authority in the Eastern Christian liturgical tradition, equivalent to the Western archepiscopal pallium.


Angelus bell

(Roman Catholicism) a bell rung to show the time when the Angelus should be recited.


Elisabeth

The spelling of Elizabeth used in the Authorized Version of the New Testament. Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἐλισάβετ (Elisábet), a transliteration of Hebrew אֱלִישֶׁבַע (Elishéva, “my God is an oath”).

der

There was in the dayes of Herode the king of Iudea, a certaine Prieſt, named Zacharias, of the courſe of Abia, and his wife was of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elizabeth.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Luke 1:5, column 1:

The mother of John the Baptist according to the Christian and Islamic scriptures


Scientologist

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Scientologist.wav

I felt great and I got rid of some stuff that I didn't realize that I was dragging around. And I said, 'Whoa, I think I've become a Scientologist.' -- Isaac Hayes

1998 December 14, A&E Staff with Bill Kurtis, “Inside Scientology”, in A&E Investigative Reports, A&E Network, retrieved 2007-11-01:

Tory Bezazian was a veteran Scientologist who loved going after church critics. Until she met the darkest detractor of all.

2001 September 27, Tony Ortega, “Sympathy For The Devil”, in New Times Los Angeles:

But what is it and where does it come from? Landmark Forum evolved from est (Erhard Seminar Training) an intense and controversial newage selfhelp group of the 1970s and '80s using a combination of Eastern philosophies developed by former scientologist Werner Erhard.

2002 February 2, Peter Lalor, “Why you will find yourself at the Forum”, in Daily Telegraph, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia: News Limited, page 35:

You can't drive past an accident, because as a Scientologist you are the only one who can help. -- Tom Cruise

2008, Andrew Morton, Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography, New York: St. Martin's Press, →ISBN, page Back Jacket:

Church of Scientology
Church of Scientology

A follower of Scientology, whether belonging to the "official" Church of Scientology or being outside in the so-called Free Zone.


altar bell

(Roman Catholicism) A bell rung at significant times during the Mass.


predeterminism

en-noun

predeterminism (usually uncountable, plural predeterminisms)

Borrowed from French prédéterminisme, equivalent to pre- + determinism or predetermine + -ism.

The belief that all events that occur have already been determined.


churchwarden

From Middle English cherchewardeyn, chirchewardeyn, churchewardeyn, schyrsche wordeyn; equivalent to church + warden.

Coordinate term: people's warden

At first, not knowing any better, I used sometimes to copy a nude on the pavement. The first I did was outside St Martin's-in-the-Fields church. A fellow in black—I suppose he was a churchwarden or something—came out in a tearing rage.

1933 January 9, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter XXXI, in Down and Out in Paris and London, London: Victor Gollancz […], →OCLC:

(UK) A lay officer of the Church of England who handles the secular affairs of the parish.

եկեղեցպան

lay officer who handles secular affairs of the parish

(US) A similar functionary of the Episcopal church.

In one part of Cockaigne an amalgamation of these two last has lately taken place; and the pleasure experienced by the parishioners of Walbrook is unbounded when smoking an alderman and churchwarden.

1843, John William Carleton, The Sporting Review, volume 10, page 419:

[T]here was a small wooden table placed in front of the smouldering fire, with decanters, a jar of tobacco, and two long churchwardens. The second churchwarden was supposed to be placed there for the service of Mr. Fred; but as a matter of fact that young gentleman did not find much gaiety in sitting and listening to grumblings over his own conduct and gloomy prophecies as to the future of the agricultural interests of the country; so that the old man generally sat there alone, nor had he ever been known to ask any one to keep him company.

1887, William Black, “A Honeymoon Visit”, in Sabina Zembra […], volume II, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 9:

He greeted William with cordiality. "Ah, Boot, how are you? Don't think I've had the pleasure before. Know your work well of course. Sit down. Have a cigarette or"—had he made a floater?—"or do you prefer your churchwarden?"

1938 May, Evelyn Waugh, chapter 2, in Scoop: A Novel about Journalists, uniform edition, London: Chapman & Hall, published 1948 (1951 printing), →OCLC, book I (The Stitch Service), section 3, page 26:

churchwarden pipe
churchwarden pipe#English

(British, slang) Short for churchwarden pipe.


thangka

Borrowed from Tibetan ཐང་ཀ (thang ka, literally “painting”).

bor

When the talks by Lama Thubten Yeshe on Buddhist and Christian meditation were published, the text included a reproduction of a Christian icon and a Tibetan thangka.

1996, Gerald Christianson, Thomas M. Izbicki, editors, Nicholas of Cusa on Christ and the Church, BRILL, →ISBN, page 265:

Like so many things in Nepal, thangka—Tibetan ritual paintings—are now cranked out for the tourist market, yet the best ones remain undiminished by commercialization, and even the cheapest can't hide the dense Buddhist symbolism inherent in the form.

2002, David Reed, The Rough Guide to Nepal, Rough Guides, →ISBN, page 70:

A painted or embroidered linen banner, usually depicting Buddhist themes, originating in Tibet; a prayer flag.


eschatocol

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek ἔσχατοκολλον (éskhatokollon, “last sheet glued onto a manuscript”), from ἔσχατον (éskhaton) + κόλλα (kólla, “glue”).

ἔσχατοκολλον

(Roman Catholicism) The concluding section of a liturgical preface, following the embolism.


epimanikion

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek ἐπιμανίκιον (epimaníkion), from ἐπί (epí, “upon”) + μανίκιον (maníkion, “sleeve”).

1972, Robert Silverberg, “Thomas the Proclaimer”, in Sailing to Byzantium, Agberg Ltd., published September 2000, page 232:

Embroidered on each epimanikion (maniple) are four scenes from the Dodekaorton. On the first epimanikion the Annunciation and the Nativity, proclaiming the humanity of God made man, the Baptism and the Transfiguration, proclaiming his divinity; on the second the Crucifixion and the Anastasis, signifying the redemption of mankind through the sacrifice of God, the Ascension and the Pentecost, symbols of the Church. Each epimanikion is divided vertically into three parts, the central one being halved horizontally in order to accommodate the four scenes, […]

1998, “Church Embroidery”, in Hellenic Ministry of Culture, archived from the original on 2005-02-07:

The cuffs, or epimanikia, which fit over the sticharion, bear little or no resemblance to the maniple.

Epimanikia (singular epimanikion) are liturgical vestments. They are fabric cuffs, usually brocade, that lace onto the wrists of a bishop, priest, […]

2005, “Epimanikia”, in Orthodox Wiki, archived from the original on 2005-02-23:

A cuff worn over the sticharion by clergy in the Greek Orthodox Church, corresponding to a maniple in other Catholic churches.


sticharion

en-noun

sticharion (plural sticharions or sticharia)

From Ancient Greek στιχάριον (stikhárion).

a little band of marchers displays Greek Orthodox outfits, the rhason and sticharion, the epitrachelion and the epimanikia, the sakkos, the epigonation, the zone, the omophorion; they brandish icons and enkolpia, dikerotikera and dikanikion.

The sticharion, which is held by the zone, or girdle, corresponds to the alb.

1998, Encyclopaedia Britannica CD 98 Multimedia Edition:

The outer clerical garb worn by clergy in the Greek Orthodox Church, corresponding to the alb in Latin-Rite Catholic Churches.


epitrachelion

Borrowed from Byzantine Greek ἐπιτραχήλιον (epitrakhḗlion), from Ancient Greek ἐπιτραχήλιος (epitrakhḗlios, “on the neck”) + -ιον (-ion, suffix forming diminutive nouns). ἐπιτραχήλιος (epitrakhḗlios) is from ἐπι- (epi-, “on, upon, on top of, covering”) (from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“on; at; near”)) + τράχηλος (trákhēlos, “neck”) + -ῐος (-ios) (from Proto-Indo-European *-yós (suffix forming adjectives)).

bor

ἐπιτραχήλιον

der

ἐπιτραχήλιος

[A] little band of marchers displays Greek Orthodox outfits, the rhason and sticharion, the epitrachelion and the epimanikia, the sakkos, the epigonation, the zone, the omophorion; they brandish icons and enkolpia, dikerotikera and dikanikion.

1984, Robert Silverberg, “Thomas the Proclaimer”, in Sailing to Byzantium, San Francisco, Calif.: Underwood–Miller; republished New York, N.Y.: IBooks, 2000, page 232

The epitrachelion is the Orthodox equivalent of the stole, but it hangs straight instead of being crossed over the chest, as is the case with the stole in Western churches.

1987, The New Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th edition, volume 26, Chicago, Ill.: Encyclopædia Britannica, →ISBN, page 878, column 2:

The colorful tassels of the visible ends of the hierarchs' epitrachelions suggest a late-fourteenth century date.

2014, Linda Safran, “Notes”, in The Medieval Salento: Art and Identity in Southern Italy (Middle Ages Series), Philadelphia, Pa.: University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN, page 373, footnote 14:

Eastern Orthodox Church
Eastern Orthodox

(Eastern Orthodoxy) The liturgical vestment worn by priests and bishops of the Eastern Orthodox Church as the symbol of their priesthood, corresponding to the Western stole.


Heathenry

The old Germanic (Norse, Anglo-Saxon, etc.) religion(s).


monstrance

From Middle English mustraunce, from Old French mostrance, monstrance, from post-classical Latin mōnstrantia, from classical Latin mōnstrāns, present participle of mōnstrāre (“to show”).

He loved to kneel down on the cold marble pavement and watch the priest, in his stiff flowered dalmatic, slowly and with white hands moving aside the veil of the tabernacle, or raising aloft the jewelled, lantern-shaped monstrance with that pallid wafer that at times, one would fain think, is indeed the "panis caelestis," the bread of angels, or, robed in the garments of the Passion of Christ, breaking the Host into the chalice and smiting his breast for his sins.

1891, Oscar Wilde, “Chapter 11”, in The Picture of Dorian Gray, London, New York, N.Y., Melbourne, Vic.: Ward Lock & Co., →OCLC:

Sir Oswald had done pretty well during the war out of his timber, and there had been no death duties to pay for many years, not since the old man had died. But there was no doubt that the shoe was beginning to pinch. He had been obliged to sell that Spanish monstrance in '30, or was it '31?

1935, Francis Beeding, “7/2”, in The Norwich Victims:

(Christianity) An ornamental, often precious receptacle, either open or with a transparent cover, in which the sacramental bread (consecrated host) is placed for Eucharistic adoration.

дарохранителница

ornamental receptacle in which the consecrated host is placed for Eucharistic adoration


programmed

(Quakerism) having a minister or pastor who conducts religious services.


Fates

"Oh, no!" said he, with a most imperturbable air, "I always make allowance for feminine weakness; I do not expect your mind to follow mine!"
"Now, the Fates forbid that it should!" thought Henrietta.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Influence of an Invitation”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 17:

1944, Ralph Blane, “Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas”, Meet Me in St. Louis, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Through the years we all will be together / If the Fates allow

(Greek mythology) Atropos, Clotho, and Lachesis; supernatural beings who controlled the destiny of men and of the gods.


concupiscible

en-adj

concupiscible (comparative more concupiscible, superlative most concupiscible)

more concupiscible (comparative)
most concupiscible (superlative)

From Middle English concupiscibill, concupiscibl, concupiscible, concupyscyble, concupyssible, from Middle French concupiscible and its etymon, Latin concupīscibilis.

The irascible and concupiscible appetites are distinguished by different aspects of their objects. The object of the concupiscible faculty "is sensible good or evil, simply apprehended as such" while good and evil considered as "arduous or difficult … is the object of the irascible faculty."

2015, Jeffrey Froula, “Aquinas on the Moral Neutrality of the Passion of Despair”, in New Blackfriars:

(theology) Relating to the concupiscible passions


incorruptible

Borrowed from Middle French incorruptible, from Latin incorruptibilis. By surface analysis, in- + corruptible.

(Christianity) A person whose body does not decompose after death, a sign of holiness.


fireside

At a Brigham Young University fireside, President Hunter said, “If you feel that … what you do this year or in the years to come does not make you very famous, take heart[...]”

1994 October, Rex D. Pinegar, “The Simple Things”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):

Thomas (that is not his real name) was one who had lost his way. We became acquainted at a special fireside attended by members one doesn’t normally see on Sunday[...] The day before, Thomas’s father had invited him to attend the fireside.

1999 April, Keith B. McMullin, “Welcome Home”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name):

(Mormonism) A supplementary meeting in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.


ijazah

From Arabic إِجَازَة (ʔijāza, “authorization”).

bor

(Indonesia, Islam) A license authorizing its holder to transmit a certain text or subject, especially Islamic religious knowledge.


non constat

(law, religion, sciences) It is not certain; It is doubted.


Nihang

From Persian نهنگ (nahang, “crocodile”).

A member of an armed Sikh order who dominated early Sikh military history.


analvos

Eastern Orthodox Church
Eastern Orthodox Church

(Christianity) Part of the habit of a senior monk in the Eastern Orthodox Church, similar to a scapular.


epigonation

A stiff, lozenge-shaped cloth hanging at the right thigh worn as a vestment by bishops and some priests in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

набе́дреник

stiff, lozenge-shaped cloth worn as a vestment by bishops and some priests in the Eastern Orthodox Church


dominical

Inherited from Middle English dominical (“(adjective) of or pertaining to the Lord’s day or Sunday; (noun) a book containing the liturgy for Sunday (?)”), borrowed from Medieval Latin dominicālis (“of or pertaining to Sunday, dominical”), from Latin dominicus (“of or belonging to a lord or master; (Ecclesiastical Latin) God’s, the Lord’s”) (compare diēs Dominicus (“the day of the Lord, Sunday”)) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship). Dominicus is derived from dominus (“lord, master”) (used in Latin versions of the Bible to translate titles of the God of the Hebrew Tanakh and Greek New Testament; probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dem- (“to arrange, put together; to build (up)”)) + -icus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives).
Adjective senses 3.1 (“of printed text: in a large size”) and 3.2 (“red, ruddy”) refer to the practice of printing dominical letters in a large size, or in red.
cognates
* French dominical

der

The Goſpels appointed by the Church for the three other Dominicals, or Lords Days in Advent, refer to the firſt manner of his [Jesus's] coming, to vvit, in humility to viſit and redeem his people.

1630 December 8 (Gregorian calendar), Thomas Jackson, “A Sermon, or Postill; Preached in Newcastle upon Tine, the Second Sunday in Advent, 1630”, in The Works of the Reverend and Learned Divine Thomas Jackson, D.D. […], London: […] J. Macock, for John Martyn, Richard Chiswell, and Joseph Clarke, […], published 1673, →OCLC, tome II, book VI, page 386:

The Lutherans retain the cuſtom of Preaching upon the Dominicals.

1664, Robert Seppens, “How It was Managed in the Ancient Church”, in Rex Theologus. The Preachers Guard and Guide in the Didactical Part of His Duty. […], London: […] R[ichard] Royston, […], →OCLC, page 33:

Many of the Collects, Epiſtles, and Goſpels for the Dominicals, and Feſtivals may be reduced to this Creed, and may ſerve for a clear explication of it.

1672, Tho[mas] Elborow, “The Order for the Visitation of the Sick. [The Apostles Creed, or Rule of Faith. 10th. 11th. 12th. Article.]”, in An Exposition upon the Latter Part of the Common-Prayer-Book. […], London: […] J. W. for Joseph Clark, →OCLC, page 29:


agnostically

en-adv

agnostically (comparative more agnostically, superlative most agnostically)

more agnostically (comparative)
most agnostically (superlative)

“Well,” said the poet tartly, “do people still think me too romantic? Are there, I wonder, any brigands left in the mountains?”
“There may be,” said Father Brown agnostically.

1914, G. K. Chesterton, “The Paradise of Thieves”, in The Wisdom of Father Brown,, London: Cassell, page 45:

[…] he writes agnostically of the biographical information regarding Shakespeare.

1922, Sidney Lee, chapter 6, in The Year’s Work in English Studies, volume 2, Oxford University Press, page 77:

An unambiguous finding from […] the study was the very significant difference between younger and older children in their […] beliefs about Santa Claus and birthday wishes coming true. Younger children, on the whole believed, and older children emphatically disbelieved (with third graders agnostically in between).

1997, Máire Messenger Davies, chapter 5, in Fake, Fact and Fantasy: Children’s Interpretations of Television Reality, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, page 61:

In an agnostic manner; not having or expressing a firm opinion on something.

She is agnostically inclined, despite her strict religious upbringing.

What you call “God” they refer to agnostically as “the universe.”

[…] we are asked, on philosophical and critical grounds, to treat these not as sure and most vital truths, but agnostically, that is to say, to let them alone and not attempt to settle them.

1878, A. Macleod Symington, “Agnosticism and Dogmatism, from a Puritan Point of view”, in The British and Foreign Evangelical Review, volume 27, page 39:

[…] the number of people who either dogmatically don’t believe in, or else agnostically or uncaringly, simply don’t bother about immortality is now considerable.

1931, Aldous Huxley, “Squeak and Gibber”, in Music at Night and Other Essays, London: Chatto & Windus:

‘[…] all those who believe in God raise your hands. […]’ […] Taliesin is pleased to see his friend’s hand hover agnostically for a time and then commit.

2002, Rhidian Brook, chapter 3, in The Testimony of Taliesin Jones, New York: Penguin, page 23:

Toward, or from the perspective of, agnosticism.


Abdon

en-proper noun

Abdon (countable and uncountable, plural Abdons)

From Hebrew עבדון (abdon, “servant”). Compare Arabic عَبْد (ʕabd) (as in Abdullah), which also means servant.

And after him Abdon the son of Hillel, a Pirathonite, judged Israel. And he had forty sons and thirty nephews, that rode on threescore and ten ass colts: and he judged Israel eight years.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Judges 12:13-14:

The tenth judge of Israel. (biblical character)


Abdon

The placename is from the Old English personal name Abba + tūn (“settlement”). The surname is habitational from the village in Shropshire, but it is also borrowed from Spanish Abdón. The surname is mostly found in the Philippines.

A village in Abdon and Heath parish, Shropshire, England (OS grid ref SO576863).


Hagar

From Hebrew הָגָר (Hagar, “stranger”). Compare Arabic هَاجَر (hājar), Tiberian Hebrew הָגָר (Hāḡār).

(biblical) The Egyptian concubine of Abraham, mother of Ishmael.


Goliath

Ultimately from Hebrew גָּלְיָת (golyāṯ).

(biblical) A giant who, according to the Bible, was vanquished in battle with King David.


omnitheism

(religion) The belief that all religions contain a core recognition of the same god or gods.

omniteismi

In other words, omni-theism is merely the other side of humanistic atheism: Both reduce life to the human center.

2009, Whitney Bauman, Theology, Creation, and Environmental Ethics: From Creatio Ex Nihilo to Terra Nullius, page 132:

(religion) The belief that every entity is a god.

(religion) The belief in all gods; pantheism.


Eastern Orthodox Church

Eastern Orthodox Church (plural Eastern Orthodox Churches)

Greek Orthodox Church
Greek Orthodox Church

Russian Orthodox Church
Russian Orthodox Church

One of the major branches of Christianity; it comprises the Greek Orthodox Church, the Russian Orthodox Church and other patriarchates.


shadchen

From Yiddish שדכן (shadkhn), from Hebrew.


siddur

uder

Hebrew סִידּוּר

because of the holy books that occupied their bookshelves instead of encyclopaedia and romances, the torn siddurim they took out to read from on Friday nights

2006, Howard Jacobson, Kalooki Nights, Vintage, published 2007, page 54:

(Judaism) A prayer book containing a set order of daily prayers.


shechinah

From Hebrew שְׁכִינָה (šəḵīnāh, literally “act of dwelling”).

The Sh'khinah suffers with Israel in exile and will return with it at the time of redemption.

2001, David L. Lieber, Jules Harlow, Etz Hayim: Torah and Commentary, page 837:


faith-based

en-adj

faith-based (comparative more faith-based, superlative most faith-based)

more faith-based (comparative)
most faith-based (superlative)

From faith + based. The political sense emerged from the 1970s to the 1980s. The term "faith-based organization" dates from 1971.http://books.google.com/books?id=yXLwAAAAMAAJ&q=%22faith-based+organizations%22&dq=%22faith-based+organizations%22&hl=en&ei=zaFrTPbWLcuMOOKMja0B&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAg

... a self-confidence which stems from faith in the Buddha and His power. By this faith-based confidence they cure themselves." (1982)http://books.google.com/books?id=GnYou0owQ5MC&pg=PA152&dq=%22faith-based%22+-%22faith+based+on%22&hl=en&ei=N3xqTNOxO4mkOKiagKwB&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=%22faith-based%22%20-%22faith%20based%20on%22&f=false

(theology, religious studies) based on religious faith


lila

Transliteration of Sanskrit लीला (līlā).

His face shone with joy when he read good books, thought new thoughts, heard news about the country's welfare, or when God's lila filled his mind.

2015, Tridip Suhrud, translating Govardhanram Madhavram Tripathi, Sarasvatichandra I, Orient BlackSwan 2015, p. 11

(Hinduism) The play of god’s spirit manifested in the universe; divine play, creative spiritual energy.


Ahaz

From Hebrew אָחָז (acház, “owns”), a contraction of יְהוֹאָחָז (yeho'acház, “Jah has held”). Attested to in Akkadian as 𒅀𒌑𒄩𒍣 (Iaúḥazi).

Twenty years old was Ahaz when he began to reign, and reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem, and did not that which was right in the sight of LORD his God, like David his father.

(biblical) A king of Judah mentioned in the book of Kings.


Ahab

From Middle English Achab, from Latin Achab, from Ancient Greek Ἀχαάβ (Akhaáb), from Hebrew אַחְאָב (ʼAḥʼāḇ, “uncle”); from אַח (ʼaḥ, “brother”) + אָב (ʼāḇ, “father”). Attested in Akkadian as 𒀀𒄩𒀊𒁍 (Aḫabbu).

A king of Israel, mentioned in the Bible.


Christmas creep

The inexorable tendency for the commercial aspects of Christmas to appear earlier every year.


Presbyterianism

A form of Protestant Christianity based on Calvinism.

A form of Christian church government characterized by rule by bodies of presbyters or elders.


Heavenly Father

For if ye forgive men their trespasses, your heavenly Father will also forgive you.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 6:14:

Երկնային Հայր

A formal name for the Judeo-Christian God


Comforter

/ˈkʌmfəɹtəɹ/

A translation of the Ancient Greek παράκλητος (paráklētos, “comforter”), used in several verses of the New Testament.

uder

In these words, with which the Gospel for this day commences, He speaks of the Comforter, the Spirit of truth, and of the Father, and of Himself

1832, John Hall, Expository discourses on the Gospels for every Sunday in the year, page 33:

That this high- priestly office belongs only to the bishops, either to seal or to transmit the Comforter Spirit, is proved not only by Church usage

1904, Arthur Crawshay Alliston Hall, Confirmation, page 43:

By the Spirit, He said, He would manifest Himself to them. "The Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in My name, He shall teach you

2005, Ellen G White, The Desire of Ages, page 670:

(Christianity) The Holy Spirit, the Holy Ghost.


aliyah

en-noun

aliyah (plural aliyahs or aliyot or aliyoth or aliyos)

aliyahs (plural)
aliyot (plural)
aliyoth (plural)
aliyos (plural)

yerida

antonym(s) of “immigration of Jews to Israel”

From Hebrew עלייה / עֲלִיָּה (aliyá, “ascent”).

bor

עלייה / עֲלִיָּה

(Judaism, countable) The calling up of someone to the bimah for the reading of the Torah.


Arjuna

en-proper noun

Arjuna (countable and uncountable, plural Arjunas)

Transliteration of Sanskrit अर्जुन (arjuna).

translit

A major character of the Mahabharata, a Sanskrit epic.


adi-guru

(Sikhism) The "first spiritual master" of a disciplic succession.


Advaita

(Hinduism) A Sanskrit philosophical term that may be literally rendered in English as nonduality: denoting that though differences and variegation appear in the human condition they are unreal or illusory and are not ultimately true.

adwajta

Hindu doctrine holding that differences in the human condition are illusory


kshatriya

From Sanskrit क्षत्रिय (kṣatriya, “(the warrior or military caste or a member of this caste”), from क्षत्र (kṣatra, “rule, dominion, authority”). Akin to satrap.

bor

The kshatriya could only hope to become a monk in his next life, but given the nature of his daily karma, it seemed unlikely that he could achieve even this limited goal.

2006, Karen Armstrong, The Great Transformation, Atlantic Books, published 2007, page 307:

"Bṛhannaḍā said, 'It is not the habit of a kṣatriya to flee like this; death in battle is preferable to flight in fear.'" (Mahābhārata: "Virāṭa Parva")

A member of the second-highest of the four castes or varnas in traditional Hindu society: the warrior or military caste.


Catholicism

en-noun

Catholicism (usually uncountable, plural Catholicisms)

Catholicism is the second largest religious body after Sunni Muslims

2011, Connie Green, Religious Diversity, Children's Literature, page 156:

Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church

The faiths, practices and doctrines of the Catholic Church, usually the Roman Catholic Church.

Katolisisme

faiths, practices and doctrines of a Catholic Church


receptionist

Recorded since 1901, derived from reception + -ist.


puritanism

puritanism (countable and uncountable, plural puritanisms)

Borrowed from French puritanisme, equivalent to puritan + -ism.

(theology) Strict and austere religious conduct.


Rhode

(Greek mythology) In Greek mythology, the oldest Oceanid, a daughter of Tethys and Oceanus


ashramite

(Hinduism) A person who stays at an ashram


bodhi tree

(Buddhism) The specific fig tree under which the Buddha sat when he attained enlightenment; the descendant of that tree on the same spot at Bodh Gaya.


Hezekiah

/ˌhɛzəˈkaɪə/

From Hebrew חִזְקִיָּה (chizkiyá, “Hezekiah”).

der

Hezekiah began to reign when he was five and twenty years old, and he reigned nine and twenty years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name was Abijah, the daughter of Zechariah. And he did that which was right in the sight of the LORD, according to all that David his father had done.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Chronicles 29:1-2:


Dalai Lama

/ˈdælaɪ ˈlɑːmə/

/ˈdɑːlaɪ ˈlɑːmə/

Borrowed from Tibetan ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ (tā la'i bla ma), compound of Mongolian ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ (dalai, “ocean”) + Tibetan བླ་མ (bla ma, “lama”).

bor+

Of the Mongall Tartars.
The Mongalls are a numerous people, and occupy a large extent of country, from this place to the Kallgan, which ſignifies the everlaſting Wall, or the great wall of China. From this wall they ſtretch themſelves northward as far as the river Amoor; and from the Amoor, weſtward, to the Baykail ſea ; where they border with the territories of the Kontayſha, or prince of the black Kalmucks. On the ſouth, they are bounded by a nation called Tonguts, among whom the Delay Lama has his residence.

[1767, Annual register, or a view of the history and politics and literature for the year, page 38, column 2:

Szechuen troops defending recognized Chinese territory against the raids of the Tibetans declare that by crossing the Kinsha River the forces of the Da Lai Lama have violated the recent truce. The truce established the stream as the boundary between Tibet and China Proper.

[1933 December 2, “Tibetan Troops Renew Attack on Sikong”, in The China Weekly Review, volume 67, number 1, →OCLC, page 32, column 2:

I got a laugh from the Chinese audience when I said I thought that if Jiang and the Dalai Lama did meet, they would like each other very much.

2005, Bill Clinton, My Life, volume II, New York: Vintage Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 435:

I was pleased that President George W. Bush presented the Congressional Gold Medal to the Dalai Lama at the Capitol in October 2007.
In March 2008, I led a Congressional delegation to India. Part of our mission was to meet with the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala, the headquarters of Tibetan exiles.

2008, Nancy Pelosi, “A Voice That Will Be Heard”, in Know Your Power: A Message to America's Daughters, Doubleday, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 95:

At the 2007 APEC Summit in Sydney, I told President Hu I planned to attend a ceremony where the Dalai Lama would receive the Congressional Gold Medal. The Buddhist leader was a source of distress for the Chinese government, which accused him of stirring up separatists in Tibet. I met with the Dalai Lama five times during my presidency, and I found him to be a charming, peaceful man. I told China’s leaders they should not fear him. “This is not meant as a slap at China,” I said, “but as a measure of my respect for the Dalai Lama and for the U.S. Congress. You know my strong belief in religious freedom.”

2010, George W. Bush, Decision Points, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 428:

(Tibetan Buddhism) The supreme head of Tibetan Buddhism, believed to be an incarnation of Avalokitesvara, and considered the spiritual leader of the Tibetan people.


sistren

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Analysable as sister + -en (plural ending).

nonlemma

Come out of the dark and come into the light, sistren.

2014, Marlon James, A Brief History of Seven Killings, Oneworld Publications (2015), page 157:

(Rastafari) A close female friend, family member, or comrade.


bodhi

en-noun

bodhi (usually uncountable, plural bodhis)

From Sanskrit बोधि (bodhi). Doublet of synonymous bodai, which came via Japanese.

(Buddhism) The state of enlightenment that finally ends the cycle of death and rebirth and leads to nirvana.


esbat

Borrowed from Old French esbat, cognate to modern ébat (“frolic”).

Latter day witches, continuing the age-long cult, frequently made use of these old circles as meeting places, holding esbats, sabbats, and performing their ritual "ring" dances within the circumference of the tall granite stones.

1965, Ruth E. St. Leger-Gordon, Witchcraft and Folklore of Dartmoor, page xviii. 146:

A Wiccan coven gathering other than one of the Sabbats. While a full moon ritual may be held during an esbat, esbats encompass coven business meetings, social occasions, and opportunities for merriment.


aureola

/ɔːˈɹiː.ə.lə/

/ɔˈɹiː.ə.lə/

/ɑˈɹiː.ə.lə/

(theology) An increment to the ordinary blessedness of heaven gained by virgins, martyrs, and doctors for their triumph respectively over the flesh, the world, and the devil.


Matthias

The Apostle chosen to replace Judas Iscariot. (biblical character)

A male given name from Hebrew, derived from the same source as Matthew.


bulrush

From Middle English bulrish, perhaps from bule (“bull”) (in the sense of "large") plus rish (“rush”).

Cyperus papyrus
Cyperus papyrus#Translingual

(biblical) A plant referred to in the story of Moses as growing along the banks of the Nile, which is believed to be the papyrus (Cyperus papyrus).


SDA

SDA (countable and uncountable, plural SDAs)

Seventh-day Adventism
Seventh-day Adventism#English

(Christianity) Initialism of Seventh-day Adventism, a Protestant denomination.

Seventh-day Adventist
Seventh-day Adventist#English

(Christianity) Initialism of Seventh-day Adventist.


Corinthians

(biblical) Either of the two books in the New Testament of the Bible that are written as epistles to the people of Corinth and which are attributed to Paul the Apostle, Sosthenes and Timothy.


Evangelical

Of, or relating to Protestant (especially Lutheran) Churches in Germany.


datary

(Roman Catholicism) an officer in the Roman Catholic Church who dispensed benefices

dataria

A Roman Catholic Church officer who dispensed benefices


Josue

(biblical, Douay Version) Obsolete form of Joshua.


ribat

(Islam, figurative) The duty of all Muslims to defend and/or retake Islamic lands.


Philippians

(biblical) The eleventh book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of St Paul to the Philippians.


Manasses

Any of several figures mentioned in the Bible. (See Manasses.)


Pilate

The surname is from Latin Pīlātus (“a Roman cognomen”, literally “armed with javelins”), from pilum (“javelin, pestle”), of unknown ultimate origin.

bor

I was 'round when Jesus Christ / Had his moment of doubt and pain / Made damn sure that Pilate / Washed his hands and sealed his fate

1968, Keith Richards, Mick Jagger (lyrics and music), “Sympathy for the Devil”, in Beggars Banquet, performed by Rolling Stones:

(biblical) Pontius Pilate, the man who, according to the Bible, ordered the crucifixion of Jesus.


Ammon

From Hebrew עַמּוֹן (ammon), from the root ע־מ־ם.

A community of Moncton Parish, New Brunswick, Canada.

Bonneville County
Bonneville County#English

An unincorporated community in Bladen County, North Carolina.

An unincorporated community in Amelia County, Virginia.


Ammon

From Latin Ammōn, from Ancient Greek Ἄμμων (Ámmōn), itself from Egyptian i-mn:n-A40 (jmn).

der

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jmn</i>

Here, over five hundred years before, had come the founder of Alexandria, Alexander the Great, to visit the oracle of Ammon, the god figured to be like a man having the head and horns of a ram.

1898, Mary E. Bamford, Out of the Triangle:

(Egyptian mythology) Alternative form of Amun


heter

What comes to mind is the famous issue on ZIM SHIPPING - an Israeli company owned by Jews and they tried to get a heter for running their ships on Shabbos.

1995 February 3, YOSEF KAZEN, “Petitions, Acceptance, and Moshiach”, in soc.culture.jewish (Usenet):

Special permission from a rabbi to break a commandment.


spiritual world

en-noun

spiritual world (plural spiritual worlds)

(religion, mythology) A metaphysical plane of existence parallel to the material world and occupied by spirits and other unearthly forces.

mundo espiritual

a metaphysical plane occupied by spirits and other unearthly forces


panzoist

en-adj

panzoist (comparative more panzoist, superlative most panzoist)

more panzoist (comparative)
most panzoist (superlative)


organized religion

en-noun

organized religion (countable and uncountable, plural organized religions)

A religion in which rules exist to govern the means by which adherents participate in the religion.


panzoism

He holds that there is a pangenesis or panzoism in all animated being. Now, what is this but the "life" of the old zoologists whom they so ridicule?

1875, James McCosh, Ideas in Nature Overlooked by Dr. Tyndall, page 37:

But there [is] also panzoism, maintaining that the universe is a living being and has a soul, and anti-intellectualism, holding that genuine intellectual analysis is impossible, both because each thing is infinitely complex and because the removal of a part alters its causal context.

1918, Edward Gleason Spaulding, The New Rationalism, page 34:

Why Carus did not use 'hylozoism' is not clear. Regardless, that term is now rarely used, as is also true of the variation panzoism.

2005, David Skrbina, Panpsychism In The West, page 220:

(rare, archaic) Belief that the entire universe is a living thing, or is suffused with life.


Jeremias

/ˌd͡ʒɛɹəˈmaɪəs/

Some say that thou art John the Baptist; some, Elias; and others, Jeremias or one of the prophets.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 16:14:

(biblical) New Testament name for the prophet Jeremiah.


voluntas ordinata

(Christianity theology) The position (opinion) that, while God has the power to do anything, once He chooses to do something, He ends his ability to do otherwise.


Anakim

A race of giants, the sons of Anak, who were living in Canaan at the time of the arrival of Moses and the Israelites.

most versions of the Bible translate it as gigantes


discalced

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin discalceātus (“barefoot”) + -ed, rendering French déchaussé. By surface analysis, dis- + calced.

bor

Brother John is a member of the Discalced Carmelites.

(Roman Catholicism) Pertaining to a religious order that historically forswore the wearing of shoes.

déchaux

pertaining to a religious order that was historically barefoot


kaddish

Borrowed from Hebrew קַדִּישׁ (kadish, “kaddish”), from Aramaic קַדִּישׁ (qaddīš, “holy; holy person”). Doublet of kiddush.
The plural form kaddishim is borrowed from Hebrew קַדִּישׁים (kadishim).

der

O, my Father: ancient, hallowed
Lonely, disappointed Father:
Betrayed and rejected Ruler of the Universe:
Angry, wrinkled Old Majesty:
I want to pray
I want to say Kaddish
My own Kaddish. There may be
No one to say it after me

1963, “Symphony No. 3 ‘Kaddish’”, Samuel Pisar (lyrics), Leonard Bernstein (music):

So context me no contexts, analyse me no analyses, suspend your partially informed diagnoses; leave off your strenuous efforts at even-handedness. Let us be, to grieve, rage, weep; say the mourners' kaddish.

2023 October 14, Simon Schama, “Let us be, to grieve, rage, weep; say the mourners' kaddish”, in FT Weekend, page 9:

(Judaism) A Jewish prayer of praise to God recited during services, and specifically when mourning the death of a close relative.


antinational

Calling Tamil Nadu a “shelter” for anti-nationals, BJP national president J P Nadda said the state administration and the DMK were giving shelter to people working against the interests of the nation.

2020 August 25, Shanmughasundaram J, “Tamil Nadu is shelter for anti-nationals, says J P Nadda”, in Times of India:

(Indian politics, Hindutva, derogatory, accusatory) One who is opposed to India, usually suggesting pro-Pakistan or leftist associations, hostility against the Hindu religion, or opposition to Hindu nationalism.


Adamic

From Adam + -ic, modelled on Latin adamicus.

(Judaism) The language believed to have been spoken by Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden in the biblical account of creation; considered by some traditions as the original or divine language from which all others descended.


Samson

From Middle English Sampson, Sampsoun, Samson, from Latin Samson, from Ancient Greek Σαμψών (Sampsṓn), from Hebrew שִׁמְשׁוֹן.

Hebrew שִׁמְשׁוֹן

And Delilah ſaid to Samſon, Tel me, I pray thee, wherein thy great ſtrength lyeth, and wherewith thou mighteſt be bound, to afflict thee.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Judges 16:6:

(biblical) An Israelite judge in the Old Testament who performed feats of strength against the Philistines but was betrayed by Delilah his mistress.


alabado

(Christianity) A Mexican Catholic devotional hymn.


Lord's Prayer

He sat down in the middle of the floor, took his chalk out and marked a large ring around him, and round about this he wrote the Lord's Prayer, and then he did not feel afraid even if Old Nick himself should come.

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 158:

The prayer which, according to the New Testament of the Bible, Jesus Christ taught his disciples in the Sermon on the Mount.

Onse Vader

the prayer taught by Jesus Christ to his disciples


omnitheist

en-adj

omnitheist (comparative more omnitheist, superlative most omnitheist)

more omnitheist (comparative)
most omnitheist (superlative)


harrowing of hell

en-noun

harrowing of hell (plural harrowings of hell)

Not the direct vision of the harrowings of hell as reported, for example, by many Christian visionaries, but accounts given by the departed souls themselves are more frequent and typical features of Jewish moralist writing.

1977, Raphael Werblowsky, Joseph Karo: lawyer and mystic, 2nd edition, page 44:

Of the four harrowings of hell that are cornerstones of Western literature […], we can eliminate the oldest.

2003, Robert J. Andreach, Drawing upon the Past: Classical Theatre in the Contemporary American Theatre, page 36:

[…] the Hero Twins go on to defeat Xibalba and its ghastly denizens, a true Harrowing of Hell.

2007, Sophie & Michael Coe, The True History of Chocolate, page 39:

(mythology, theology) A raid into the underworld by a heroic figure.


panzoistic

en-adj

panzoistic (comparative more panzoistic, superlative most panzoistic)

more panzoistic (comparative)
most panzoistic (superlative)

THE reader will already have felt that the panzoistic conception of God-the conception, that is to say, of God as comprising all living units in His own single person-does not help us to understand the origin of matter, nor yet that of the primordial cell which has grown and unfolded itself into the present life of the world.

1917 [1879], Samuel Butler, God the Known and God the Unknown, page 83:


harrowing

As in other myths, like Christ's harrowing of hell, the initiate descends into the netherworld for the magical three days.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 178:

In the harrowing, Christ sweeps down upon death, hell, and the Devil, smashes down the doors of hell, and triumphantly carries the just off to heaven.

1986, Jeffrey Burton Russell, Lucifer: The Devil in the Middle Ages, →ISBN, page 108:

The motif of the harrowing of hell was highly influential in the Insular world.

2002, Michael W. Herren, Shirley Ann Brown, Christ in Celtic Christianity: Britain and Ireland from the Fifth to the Tenth Century, →ISBN, page 157:

But Juliana's uniquely powerful chaining of the devil is surely meant to recall Christ's harrowing of hell.

2013, Robert E. Bjork, The Cynewulf Reader, →ISBN, page 153:

Ravaging; hostile incursion; spoliation; intentional widespread destruction.

(Christianity) Christ's ravaging or hostile incursion of Hell, conducted between his crucifixion and resurrection, in which he liberated the souls of the righteous held captive by Satan.


Canaan

Canaan
Canaan (disambiguation)
Great Vowel Shift
Wycliffe's Bible

Taken (at least as early as Wycliffe's Bible, 1382-1395, which has Chanaan) from Ecclesiastical Latin Chanaān, from Ancient Greek Χαναάν (Khanaán), expanded from Χνᾶ (Khnâ), from Hebrew כְּנַעַן (k'ná'an). The first vowel shifted from /aː/ to /eɪ/ in the Great Vowel Shift; at least as early as Milton (1660s), the word could already be pronounced with two syllables, though at least as late as the 1880s it could also be pronounced with three, /ˈkeɪ.nə.æn/.

And Canaan begat Sidon his first born, and Heth, and the Jebusite, and the Amorite, and the Girgasite, and the Hivite, and the Arkite, and the Sinite, and the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite: and afterward were the families of the Canaanites spread abroad.


primordium

It is thus vain to hope that the history of the primordia can be reduced to the progress of archeological investigation.

1997 [1991], Alexandre Grandazzi, translated by Jane Marie Todd, The Foundation of Rome: Myth and History, →ISBN, page 33:

Attempts have been made by historians of religion to distinguish between mythic orientations in time concerned with the repetition of a primordium and those concerned with the anticipation of an eschaton.

2003, David Chidester, Salvation and Suicide: Jim Jones, the Peoples Temple, and Jonestown, 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 106:

[Joseph Smith] did not think of himself as going back to a primordium of true Christianity, as the Puritans did. In his view, there never was a golden age when religion flourished to perfection.

2008, Richard L. Bushman, Mormonism: A Very Short Introduction, →ISBN, page 5:

(history, theology) A primordial, original condition or event.


documentarian

From documentary + -an.
From document + -arian.

(sometimes attributive, theology) Somebody who advocates the documentary hypothesis.


doily

From Doiley, the name of a 17th-century London draper. The surname is Anglo-Norman, from d’Œuilly, name of several places in Calvados, from Old French oeil (“eye”).

(Judaism) A similar circular piece of lace worn as a head-covering by some married Jewish women.


capitule

Borrowed from Late Latin capitulum (“chapter”) (diminutive of Latin caput (“head”)).

At Vespers the following is sung, after the Capitule:

1856, Martin Wilson Foye, Romish Rites, Offices, and Legends, page 202:

In the capitule, and the responsory which follows it, we recall to the memory of our Lord, in the words of his prophet — or, rather, of the Church, to whose sentiments theprophet gives expression— the fact that we are by no means strangers in his sight.

1872, Guild of st. Alban, Church work - Volume 2, page 275:

We collected ourselves, and as the man, I led; the Sister said the alternate verses, and I the capitule and the prayer, and everything that usually falls to the celebrant.

1930, Restif de La Bretonne, Havelock Ellis, Monsieur Nicolas; Or, The Human Heart Unveiled:

Finally, by evening time and the hour of the capitule, the brotherhood joined in laughing about america's taste for “turkey” and the fact that Franklin preferred the ruffled gobbler to the stately bald eagle.

2014, Benjamin W. Farley, By the Waters of Babylon: Meditations on the Psalms for the Solace and Renewal of the Soul, page 100:

(Roman Catholicism) Synonym of chapter: a reading at one of the canonical hours.


hyssop

en-noun

hyssop (countable and uncountable, plural hyssops)

Via Latin hȳsōpum, from Ancient Greek ὕσσωπος (hússōpos), of Semitic origin.

Origanum syriacum
Origanum syriacum#Translingual

(biblical) A plant used used for sprinkling of blood or water in purification rituals and at Passover, Origanum syriacum.


netherworld

From nether- (“beneath, lower”) + world.

The missionary was motivated by a sincere desire to rescue souls from eternal torment in the netherworld.

Specifically, a location of punishment in the afterlife; a hell.


Franciscans

Order of Friars Minor
Order of Friars Minor#English

(Catholicism) Synonym of Order of Friars Minor: the religious order of friars founded by St Francis of Assisi.


vestryman

Coordinate term: vestrywoman

A member of a parochial vestry, especially one who is a man.


rak'a

(Islam) A unit of Muslim prayer (salat).


extra-Biblical

Pertaining to information or content outside the Bible.


Protestantism

Protestantism (usually uncountable, plural Protestantisms)

The Protestant (rather than the Roman Catholic or Orthodox) Christian faith.


Deborah

From Hebrew דְבוֹרָה (dvorá), meaning bee.

And Deborah, a prophetess, the wife of Lapidoth, she judged Israel at that time.


WYCIWYG

(religion, acronym) What you choose is what you get.


Josiah

/d͡ʒoʊˈzaɪə/

From Biblical Hebrew יֹאשִׁיָּה (yōšiyyā), יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ (yōšiyyā́hū).


pneumatics

(theology, obsolete) The study or knowledge of spiritual beings and their relations to God, angels, and human beings.


Olympianism

(uncommon) Synonym of Hellenism (the modern-day revival of the polytheistic religious system of Ancient Greece).


paradigmatic

From French paradigmatique, from Ancient Greek πᾰρᾰδειγμᾰτῐκός (paradeigmatikós).

der

πᾰρᾰδειγμᾰτῐκός

(historical, religion) A writer of memoirs of religious persons, as examples of Christian excellence.


synagog

I drove to the synagog where a swastika had been painted on the wall.

2000 September 11, Press Secretary, “Remarks by the President”, in Clinton Presidential Materials Project, archived from the original on 2016-03-03:

The musical traditions of the synagog are closely allied to the unique experiences of the Jewish people.

2009, Jonathan L. Friedmann, Music in Jewish Thought: Selected Writings, 1890-1920, McFarland, →ISBN, page 59:


feast day

17th March is St Patrick's feast day.

(religion) A religious festival for a particular saint or religious event.


mends

From mend (noun, verb) + -s (suffix forming pluralia tantum, regular plurals of nouns, and the third-person singular indicative present tense of verbs).

affix

(chiefly Scotland) Recompense; restoration or reparation, especially (Christianity) from sin.


fundie

He's a Jewish fundie, keeps everything really kosher.

(by extension, derogatory, slang) A religious fundamentalist of any faith.


psychical

From Ancient Greek ψυχικός (psukhikós) + -al. By surface analysis, psyche + -ical.

(theology) Pertaining to the animal nature of man, as opposed to the spirit.


allotheism

I consider that in the first commandment where atheism and polytheism and allotheism are forbidden directly and principally.

1660, Jeremy Taylor, Ductor Dubitantium, or the Rule of Conscience in All Her General Measures; […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] James Flesher, for Richard Royston […], →OCLC:

But we should not forget that the world was yet too young to have arrived at the rigid and sharply-defined systems of polytheism or allotheism to which we are accustomed.

1864, James Gracey Murphy, Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Genesis, page 464:

The inhabitants, also, of Ur had fallen into polytheism, or, if we may so speak, allotheism, the worship of other gods.

1879, John Heyl Vincent, The lesson commentary on the International lessons for 1880, page 164:

There is no allotheism in Islam. Muslims do not anthropomorphise or, conversely, encourage belief in anthropolatry.

1984, Akbar S. Ahmed, David M. Hart, Islam in Tribal Societies: From the Atlas to the Indus, page 8:

Worship of a god or gods that are foreign to one's own land.


shana tova

From Hebrew שָׁנָה טוֹבָה (shaná tová, “Happy New Year”, literally “good year”).

bor

שָׁנָה טוֹבָה

(Judaism) Happy New Year; a common greeting on and around Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year.


martyrology

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-martyrology.wav

From martyr + -ology or from Latin martyrologium.

... we know that Augustine, a monk in the time of Gregory the Great, took with him into England the martyrology of the Roman Church.

1883, Alessio Aurelio Pelliccia, The Polity of the Christian Church..., p. 311

The study of martyrs and martyrdom; the names and stories of martyrs, particularly

(Roman Catholicism, often capitalized) A liturgical calendar of days for the commemoration of formally recognized saints, usually including some biographical notes.

(Roman Catholicism) Synonym of hagiography, a story of a saint's life and death.

(Judaism, often capitalized) Synonym of Eleh Ezkerah, a midrash concerning the Ten Martyrs killed by the Romans, usually read on both Yom Kippur and Tisha B'Av.

վկայաբանություն

Roman Catholicism: a calendar of saints' days, typically with biographical information


houri

From French houri, from Persian حوری (hurî), from Arabic حُورِيّ (ḥūriyy) and Arabic حُورِيَّة (ḥūriyya), adjective and feminine singulative of حُور (ḥūr) from Classical Arabic حُورٌ عِينٌ (ḥūrun ʕīnun, “fair maidens, black-eyed ones”). See أَحْوَر m (ʔaḥwar), حَوْرَاء f (ḥawrāʔ) for the base adjective.

We cannot go into the technical details of his methodology but it allows Luxenberg, to the probable horror of all Muslim males dreaming of sexual bliss in the Muslim hereafter, to conjure away the wide-eyed houris promised to the faithful in suras XLIV.54; LII.20, LV.72, and LVI.22. Luxenberg's new analysis, leaning on the Hymns of Ephrem the Syrian, yields "white raisins" of "crystal clarity" rather than doe-eyed, and ever willing virgins - the houris.

2002 January 12, Ibn Warraq, “Virgins? What virgins?”, in The Guardian:

The repetition of material about the houri suggests that the popularization of that figure occurred as early as the ninth century and continued well into the twelfth century. By then, the houri had become a kind of metonymy for the Garden, as well as an accepted object. A new role of the houri as the superlative being of the Garden emerged through the use of traditions, and most of all the structure of the text. Al-Qadi's text provides an excellent example of the importance of the houri.

2009, Nerina Rustomji, The Garden and the Fire: Heaven and Hell in Islamic Culture, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 114:

What if in paradise there are no houris waiting? / What if but all you get are grapes, succulent grapes? / What if it's all just a mistake in the translation?

2013, “What If…?”, in Still Smiling, performed by Teho Teardo and Blixa Bargeld:

Although the beauty of houris is described in terms of cosmic pureness and sumptuary materials, the qiyan are understood through attributes and affects. Yet, the houris have one constitutive attribute. They are fair and they have big eyes. Is the houri based on any particular model of beauty or a kind of female slave? Ibn Butlan, in his Risalafi shira'al-raqiq wa-taqlib al-abid, offers a rubric for female slaves; however, the descriptions of houris do not align with other descriptions of slaves.

2017, Matthew S. Gordon, Kathryn A. Hain, Concubines and Courtesans: Women and Slavery in Islamic History, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 274:

(Islam) A beautiful virgin girl supposed to dwell in Paradise for the enjoyment of the faithful.

حَوْرَاء

(Islam) a nymph in the form of a beautiful virgin


cincture

From Latin cinctūra. Cognate with Spanish cintura (“waist”). Doublet of ceinture.

In one, dated eighteen years ago, he appeared, wearing only sandals and a cincture of vine leaves, between two classical garden statues.

1988, Alan Hollinghurst, The Swimming-Pool Library, paperback edition, London: Penguin Books, →ISBN, page 161:

A girdle or belt, especially as part of a vestment

(architecture) The fillet, listel, or band next to the apophyge at the extremity of the shaft of a column.

caiseal (colúin)

(architecture) the fillet, listel, or band next to the apophyge at the extremity of the shaft of a column


cincture

en-verb

cincture (third-person singular simple present cinctures, present participle cincturing, simple past and past participle cinctured)

cinctures (present singular third-person)
cincturing (participle present)
cinctured (participle past)
cinctured (past)

(viniculture) To girdle (stunt or kill by cutting).


teshuva

From Hebrew תְּשׁוּבָה (t'shuvá, “teshuva”, literally “return”), from ש־ו־ב (“return”).

uder

The message that through sincere teshuvah and resolution, light and gladness can be achieved by all, is most fitting for the opening of the Yom Kippur service.

1996, Macy Nulman, The Encyclopedia of Jewish Prayer, page 161:

(Judaism) The Jewish concept of penitence.


tefilla

en-noun

tefilla (countable and uncountable, plural tefillot or tefilloth or tefillos or tefillin)

tefillot (plural)
tefilloth (plural)
tefillos (plural)
tefillin (plural)

(countable, often in the plural) The Jewish phylactery, consisting of small boxes containing portions of the Torah worn most commonly during prayer by Jewish men and some Jewish women.

Chazal have said that the Ovos were childless, to induce them to daven for children, because Hashem longs for their tefilos.

2000 August 31, rach...@netmedia.net.il, “MIDEI SHABBOS by Rabbi Eliezer Chrysler - Shoftim”, in alt.religion.judaism.orthodox (Usenet):

(Judaism, countable, uncountable) prayer.


Last Judgment

Kill not the moth nor butterfly, / For the last judgement draweth nigh.

c. 1801–3, William Blake, “Auguries of Innocence”, in The Pickering Manuscript:

Do not wait for the Last Judgment. It takes place every day.

1956, Albert Camus, La Chute [The Fall]:


Galatians

/ɡəˈleɪʃənz/

(biblical) The ninth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of Saint Paul to the Galatians.


celebrant

From French célébrant, from Latin celebrāns, present participle of celebrō.

The very reverend celebrant was then conducted to the platform of the altar, and the postulant and her attendants having genuflected, the ceremony of reception began with the preparatory prayers and responseries.

1833, William M′Gavin, The Protestant: Essays on the Principal Points of Controversy between the Church of Rome and the Reformed, volume 2, page 496:

The most appropriate mode of ordering the holy vessels at this part of the service, previously to preparing them for the communion, is for the celebrant to place both the patten and the chalice in the middle of the altar, in a line with himself, the chalice behind and the patten in front; for they are presented before God as one Eucharist.

1851, John Bate Cardale, Catholic apostolic church services, Readings upon the Liturgy and Other Divine Offices of the Church, page 140:

Through it, through what takes place, the celebrants try to obtain a result, to influence the course of the hoped for or dreaded events that either depend on the current dispositions of a divinity or obey gestures or words formerly taught or exercised by a divinity or an august ancestor.

1980, Georges Dumézil, Camillus: a Study of Indo-European Religion as Roman History, page 197:

A person who officiates at a religious ceremony, especially a marriage or the Eucharist.


the other place

According to Christianity, when someone dies, they go to either Heaven or the other place.


holy hour

(Christianity) the hour of fasting and prayer before communion is to be taken.


mandylion

mandylion (countable and uncountable, plural mandylions)

From Byzantine Greek μανδύλιον (mandúlion), μανδίλιον (mandílion), μαντίλιον (mantílion), or μανδήλη (mandḗlē, “cloth, hand towel, handkerchief, tablecloth”) (the last word dating to the 5th century), especially in the term τὸ ἄγιον μανδήλιον (tò ágion mandḗlion, “the holy towel”); from Latin mantēlium, a variation of mantēle or mantēlum (“hand towel, napkin”) (probably misconstructed as a singular form from the plural mantēlia); probably from manus (“hand”) + tergō (“to rub, wipe, wipe off, clean, cleanse”). Probably cognate with Umbrian mantrahklu.

The tradition of the sacred image is related to established prototypes […] handed down in Christian art, the most important [of which] is the acheiropoietos ("not made by human hands") image of the Christ on the Mandilion. It is said that the Christ gave His image, imprinted on a piece of fabric, to the messengers of the King of Edessa, Abgar, who had asked Him for His portrait. The Mandilion had been preserved at Constantinople until it disappeared when the town was pillaged by the Latin Crusaders. A copy of the Mandilion is preserved in the cathedral of Laon.

1967, Titus Burckhardt; Lord Northbourne (Walter Earnest Christopher James), transl., Sacred Art in East and West: Its Principles and Methods, London: Perennial Books, OCLC 896652107; republished Louisville, Ky.: Fons Vitae, 2001, ISBN 978-1-887752-41-1, pages 88–89

According to a sixth-century legend, King Abgar Ukamâ of Edessa fell ill. Hearing about a healer named Jesus, he sent for the holy man and promised to become his follower. Christ learned of this and praised Abgar for having faith without visual evidence. Unable to travel to Edessa, Christ sent a likeness of himself produced miraculously on a cloth or mandylion (from Arabic mandil, "veil," and Latin mantele, "towel" or "napkin"). Abgar was cured, and the mandylion remained in Edessa until 544, when its magic turned back the invading Persians from the gates of the now-Christian city.

1993, Joseph Leo Koerner, “Not Made by Human Hands”, in The Moment of Self-portraiture in German Renaissance Art, Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 81:

These legends not only established the value of the Mandylion and the Vera Icon as authentic portraits of Christ, but also as acheiropoieta, i.e., images made without the intervention of human hands.

1995, Maurits Smeyers, “An Eyckian Vera Icon in a Bruges Book of Hours, ca. 1450 (New York, Pierpoint Morgan Library, Ms 421)”, in Werner Verbeke et al., editors, Serta Devota in Memoriam Guillelmi Lourdaux. Pars Posterior: Cultura Mediaevalis (Mediaevalia Lovaniensia; Series I, Studia XXI), part II, Leuven: Leuven University Press, →OCLC, page 199:

In St. Barbara in Khé, a thirteenth-century Georgian church, the Mandylion is painted on the wall behind the altar, […]

1999, Sharon E. J. Gerstel, Beholding the Sacred Mysteries: Programs of the Byzantine Sanctuary (Monographs on the Fine Arts; 56), Seattle, Wash.: College Art Association in association with the University of Washington Press, →ISBN, page 75:

We know the history of the transfer of the mandilion of Edessa to Constantinople from the text ascribed to Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (913/944–959).

2007, Acta Poloniae Historica, Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, →OCLC, page 37:

The mandylion became not just a holy relic but an image to be copied, either as textile or as iconographic type on a hard surface: a painted icon of a mandylion with Christ's face on it. Furthermore it became a theological prototype. Just as the mandylion bore the impression of the incarnate God on its surface and became a vessel of divine healing, so all icons bear witness to the power of matter to reveal divinity and of revealed divinity to effect eternal salvation.

2009, Artemis Leontis, Culture and Customs of Greece, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, →ISBN, page 42:

The special nature of Orthodox icons was emphasized by the growth of a notion, much encouraged by these bitter disputes, that there was one quite exceptional class of art: acheiropoieta, images of Jesus not made by human hands, the archetype of which was the now-mysterious Mandylion given by Christ himself to King Abgar of Edessa […].

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity: The First Three Thousand Years, London: Allen Lane, ISBN 978-0-7139-9869-6; republished London: Penguin Books, 2010, ISBN 978-0-141-02189-8, page 452

(chiefly Eastern Orthodoxy) often Mandylion: the Image of Edessa, a holy relic consisting of a piece of cloth upon which an image of the face of Jesus Christ had been miraculously imprinted without human intervention (that is, an acheiropoieton); an artistic depiction of this relic.

Edessa
Image of Edessa
Saint Catherine's Monastery
Saint Catherine, Egypt
encaustic painting

veronica

image of Jesus's face believed to have been made on the cloth with which Saint Veronica wiped his face as he went to be crucified


Naomi

From Hebrew נָעֳמִי (no'omí, literally “my pleasantness”), from נועם / נֹעַם (nó'am, “pleasantness”) + ־ִי (-í, “my, of me”).

uder

And she said unto them, Call me not Naomi, call me Mara; for the Almighty hath dealt very bitterly with me.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Ruth 1:20:

(biblical) The mother-in-law of the Biblical figure Ruth.


Holy Roller

From the practice of some devout Pentecostals who would roll on the floor of the church in response to the infilling of the Holy Spirit.

Coordinate term: Holy Jumper

I attended a worship service where I was astounded to see holy rollers convulsing on the floor and speaking in tongues.

Holy Rollers and Jumpers come out / And they holler, they jump and they shout / Give your money to Jesus, they say / He will cure all diseases today

1911, “The Preacher and the Slave”, Joe Hill (music):

Also there are the "Holy Rollers" and "Holy Jumpers", ghastly sects which cultivate the religious hysterias, and have spread like a plague among the women of our lonely prairie farms and desert ranches.

1917, Upton Sinclair, The Profits of Religion […] :

He told her the Methodist had at last broken down and cut the strip of grass himself. Mother believed it but wasn't pleased; she talked all the rest of the day and off and on all week about suing the old holy-roller.

1960, John Updike, 'Rabbit, Run', page 20:

At the narrowest, Wasps form a select band of well-heeled, well-descended members of the Eastern Establishment; at the widest, they include Okies and Snopeses, "Holy Rollers" and hillbillies.

1969 January 17, “Essay: Are the WASPS Coming Back? Have They Ever Been Away?”, in Time, →ISSN:

They took advantage of her, these holy rollers. When she was at death's door, they preyed on her faith and her fear. When she was no longer able to make rational decisions, persuaded her to give away our land for that amusement park.

1989, Leon Capetanos, Fletch Lives, spoken by Hamilton Johnson (Hal Holbrook):

(informal, usually derogatory) A member of any Christian church characterized by ecstatic behaviour; especially of the Pentecostal Church.

hihhuli

She's such a holy roller that she steers every conversation around to the joys of religion.

(informal, derogatory) A devoutly religious Christian person.


Ophir

From Hebrew אוֹפִיר. Mentioned as a place in the Bible; modern scholars have been unable to determine where it was located.

bor

Hebrew אוֹפִיר

However, September came, and with it my second brother; and his companion for the shooting season was the young, handsome, and lively Henry O'Byrne, descended from kings whose crown was old enough to have been made of the gold of Ophir.

1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter X, in Romance and Reality. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 142:

(historical, Christianity) A city or region mentioned in the Bible, famous for its gold.


RM

en-noun

RM (countable and uncountable, plural RMs)

returned missionary
w:Missionary (LDS Church)

(Mormonism) Initialism of returned missionary.

(religion) Initialism of religious movement.


Islamofascism

It braces the talk not only of pundits, but of all the major Republican candidates - from the tough guy at one end, Rudy Giuliani, who lambastes Democrats for not using the word or its equivalent, to the "nice" candidate at the other end, Mike Huckabee, who defines Islamofascism as "the greatest threat this country [has] ever faced."

2008 January 21, James Carroll, “Carroll: Islamofascism's ill political wind”, in The New York Times:

(chiefly US, derogatory, offensive, politics) Socially repressive or nationalistic Islamic fundamentalism.


Rosh Chodesh

en-proper noun

Rosh Chodesh (plural Rashei Chodashim or Roshei Chodashim)

Rashei Chodashim (plural)
Roshei Chodashim (plural)

bor

Hebrew ראש חודש

(Judaism) A minor holiday marking the beginning of a new month in the Jewish calendar.


Shevat

(Judaism) The fifth month of the civil year and the eleventh month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Tevet and before Adar.

שְׁבָט

fifth month of civil year in the Jewish calendar


Kislev

(Judaism) The third month of the civil year and the ninth month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Cheshvan and before Tevet.

כִּסְלֵו

third month of civil year in the Jewish calendar


Cheshvan

(Judaism) The second month of the civil year and the eighth month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Tishrei and before Kislev.

חֶשְׁוָן

second month of civil year in the Jewish calendar


Tishrei

Borrowed from Hebrew תִּשְׁרֵי (tishré, tishréi, “Tishrei”).

bor+

(Judaism) The first month of the civil year and the seventh month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Elul and before Cheshvan.

tixrí

first month of civil year in the Jewish calendar


Tammuz

Hebrew תַּמּוּז, from a Sumerian god's name (see [[#Etymology_2]]).

uder

Hebrew תַּמּוּז

(Judaism) The tenth month of the civil year and the fourth month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Sivan and before Av.

תַּמּוּז

tenth month of civil year in the Jewish calendar


Iyar

bor

Hebrew אִיָּר

(Judaism) The eighth month of the civil year and the second month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Nisan and before Sivan.

ܐܝܼܵܪ

eighth month in civil year in the Jewish calendar


Nisan

Micky Vayner shrugged; as far as he knew, it was, by the lunar calendar, an ordinary day in the month of Nisan.

2007, Michael Chabon, The Yiddish Policemen’s Union, 4th Estate (2010), page 346:

(Judaism) The seventh month of the civil year and the first month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Adar and before Iyar.

ܢܝܣܢ

seventh month of the civil year in the Jewish calendar


Sivan

(Judaism) The ninth month of the civil year and the third month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Iyar and before Tammuz.

סִיוָן

ninth month of the civil year in the Jewish calendar


Tevet

(Judaism) The fourth month of the civil year and the tenth month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Kislev and before Shevat.

טֵבֵת

fourth month in civil year in the Jewish calendar


love feast

From love + feast, partial calque of Latin agape and Koine Greek ἀγάπη (agápē).

(Christianity, historical) A symbolic communal meal held by early Christians in commemoration of the eucharist.

He then invited me to a love-feast at his chapel that evening.

1789, Olaudah Equiano, chapter 10, in The Interesting Narrative, volume I:

(Christianity) A religious service held by Moravians, Methodists and some other group, in imitation of such gatherings, characterised by partaking in a simple meal.


shalom aleichem

/ʃəˌlɒm əˈleɪxəm/

/ʃəˌlɒm əˈleɪkəm/

/ˌʃɔləm əˈleɪkəm/

From Hebrew שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם (shalóm 'aleikhém, “peace be upon you”). Doublet of salaam alaikum.

der

שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם

(Judaism) A greeting said on meeting someone, especially when the two people meeting have not met in some time.


Rosh Hashanah

/ˌɹɑʃ(h)əˈʃɑnə/

/ˌɹɒʃ həˈʃɑːnə/

From Hebrew רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה (rosh hashaná, literally “head of the year”). Compare Yiddish ראָש־השנה (ròsh-(h)ashóne).

bor

רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה

Rosh Hashanah begins a ten-day period during which Jews enter into self-examination and repentance, known as the Ten Days of Awe, which conclude on Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. During this time, God, in a sense, withdraws His presence in order to create a hunger in the hearts of His people so that they will abandon all else in pursuit of Him.

2015, Rod Parsley, God's End-Time Calendar, Charisma House, →ISBN, page 107:

The past two days we have celebrated Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year.

2021, Dr Philippa Kaye, Doctors Get Cancer Too, Vie Books, page 216:

(Judaism) The Jewish holiday marking the start of the liturgical year, taking place on the first two days of Tishrei, 163 days after the first day of Passover.


Miserere

/mɪzəˈɹɛəɹi/

Borrowed from Latin miserēre (“have pity”), the first word of the psalm in that language.

bor+

One of the most impressive ceremonies of Holy Week is the chanting of the Miserere.

1845, J. T. Headley, Letters from Italy, page 130:

When someone did want to designate a short interval, the usual phrasing drew on religious vocabulary, calling up the duration of common prayers: the Paternoster, the Ave Maria, and the Miserere.

2004, Joyce E. Salisbury, The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Daily Life: 15th and 16th Centuries, →ISBN, page 132:

Psalm 50, the “Miserere,” was linked to the Passion of Christ by a peculiar story from the thirteenth century known as the “rood legend,” a popular history concerning the wood of the Cross. According to that legend, David had composed the “Miserere” as penance for his sins under the very tree that provided the wood for the Holy Cross.

2008, Lorenzo Candelaria, The Rosary Cantoral: Ritual and Social Design in a Chantbook from Early Renaissance Toledo, →ISBN, page 75:

The 51st Psalm (50th in the older Greek and Latin numbering), beginning “Have mercy upon me, O God …” in the King James Version; sometimes set to music.


assoil

en-verb

assoil (third-person singular simple present assoils, present participle assoiling, simple past and past participle assoiled)

assoils (present singular third-person)
assoiling (participle present)
assoiled (participle past)
assoiled (past)

From Middle English assoilen (“to absolve or release from blame or sin”), from Anglo-Norman as(s)oiler, as(s)oilier, and Old French as(s)oille [and other forms], the present subjunctive, and as(s)oil, the present indicative, of as(s)oldre, as(s)oudre (“to absolve from blame”) (modern French absoudre), from Latin absoluere, the present active infinitive of absoluō, a variant of absolvō (“to set free from”), from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away from’) + solvō (“to loosen, set free”) (from sē- (“prefix meaning ‘apart; aside; away’”) + luō (“to let go, set free”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewH- (“to cut off, to free”). Doublet of absolve and assoilzie.

nb...

assoiler, assoilier, assoillir, assolier, assolir, asoiler, asoilier, asoillir, asolier, asolir

der

[H]is Barons […] flatly oppoſe themſelues both to his commaund and their Countries good, denying him (vntill he vvere aſſoyled of his excommunication,) their attendance in ſo behouefull a ſeruice.

1611, Iohn Speed [i.e., John Speed], The History of Great Britaine under the Conquests of yͤ Romans, Saxons, Danes and Normans. […], London: […] William Hall and John Beale, for John Sudbury and George Humble, […], →OCLC, book IX ([Englands Monarchs] […]), paragraph 51, page 501, column 1:

(Christianity) To absolve or release (someone) from excommunication or some other religious offence.


biretta

Borrowed from Italian biretta, berretta. Doublet of beret.

It was a joy to snatch some brief respite, and find himself in the rectory drawing–room. Listening here was as pleasant as talking; just to watch was pleasant. The young priests who lived here wore cassocks and birettas; their faces were fine and mild, yet really strong, like the rector's face; and in their intercourse with him and his wife they seemed to be brothers.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter X, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

To right and left, embedded in their stalls, the other canons sit reverently engrossed, birettas hung on the walls behind; […]

1964, Jan Morris, Spain, Faber and Faber, published 2008, →ISBN:

A square cap, originally with four ridges across the top, surmounted by a tuft, worn by Roman Catholic clergy (and by some in the Anglican Church). A three-sided biretta is worn by Roman Catholic clergy for liturgical celebrations.


born-again

From the New Testament: "Jesus replied, 'Very truly I tell you, no one can see the kingdom of God without being born again.'" [John 3:3, Today's New International Version].

(Christianity) Having been spiritually changed through faith.

He proclaimed himself a born-again Christian during a church retreat.

(Christianity) Having a renewed commitment to Jesus Christ.

To many people a born-again philosophy is a fundamentalist philosophy.

(Christianity) Of or pertaining to evangelicalism.


practicing

nonpracticing

antonym(s) of “actively engaged in a profession”

nonpracticing

antonym(s) of “participating in the rituals and mores of a religion”

Participating in the rituals and mores of a religion.


bursa

Borrowed from Medieval Latin bursa (“purse”), from Ancient Greek βύρσα (búrsa); compare purse and bourse, which are doublets.

In solemn mass the deacon brings the book of the Missal to the side of the epistle, then goes backward behind the celebrant; the sub-deacon, indeed, goes to the gospel side, where he cleanses the chalice, fits it with the purifacatory, covers it with the paten and pall, folds the corporal, replaces it in the bursa, and puts it in the chalice covered with a veil, which he places on the altar or over the credentia, as before.

1853, George Lewis, The Bible, the Missal, and the Breviary, page 358:

It is forbidden to leave the corporal, when not in use, exposed upon the altar, or to carry it in one's hands without a covering. A bursa is always to be used for that purpose .

1890, “The "Corporale" and "Palla"”, in American Ecclesiastical Review, volume 3, page 419:

Just like relics, the Eucharist was taken, enclosed in a bursa or pendula as a means of protection not only on journeys overland but - and especially - when travellers ventured onto the whimsical sea.

1995, Godefridus J. C. Snoek, Medieval Piety from Relics to the Eucharist, page 90:

(religion) A parament about twelve inches square in which the folded corporal is kept in for reasons of reverence.


humanist

A person who believes in the philosophy of humanism.


humanist

(relating to humanism):


Methodist

From method + -ist; for the origin of the designation, see Methodism.

A member of the Methodist Church; a Wesleyan.


Methodist

en-adj

Methodist (comparative more Methodist, superlative most Methodist)

more Methodist (comparative)
most Methodist (superlative)

Of or pertaining to the branch of Christianity that descends from the religious societies overseen by John Wesley (1703–1791) among others.


last rites

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-last rites.wav

[...] withdrawal of the Neath-Brecon passenger service [...] was carried out as scheduled on October 15, when 14 intermediate stations and halts were closed to passengers. [...] Our South Wales correspondent writes that the last rites attracted so many people that a relief had to be run to the 4.10 p.m. from Neath.

1962 December, “Talking of Trains: Brecon cuts begin”, in Modern Railways, page 372:

(religion) Final treatment of a dead man.

Anointing of the Sick
Anointing of the Sick

The Catholic sacrament of Anointing of the Sick.


Barnabas

From Ancient Greek Βαρναβᾶς (Barnabâs), from Aramaic בַרְנֶבֻאָה (barneḇú’â, literally “prophet's son”), from בּר (bar, “son of”) and נְבִיָּא (nəḇiyyā, “prophet”).

der

And Joses, who by the apostles was surnamed Barnabas, (which is, being interpreted, The son of consolation, ) a Levite, and of the country of Cyprus, having land, sold it, and brought the money, and laid it at the apostles' feet.

(biblical) An early Christian, one of the earliest Christian disciples in Jerusalem


Silas

From Latin Sīlās, from Ancient Greek Σίλας (Sílas), from Aramaic שְׁאִילָא (šəʾīlā), cognate of Hebrew שָׁאוּל (šāʾūl, “Saul”). Doublet of Saul.

Aramaic שְׁאִילָא (šəʾīlā)

(biblical) The companion of Paul in the New Testament, also called Silvanus.


rabbinical

/ɹəˈbɪnəkəl/

1581, Robert Parsons, A Brief Censure vppon Two Bookes Written in Answere to M. Edmonde Campions Offer of Disputation, Doway: John Lyon, “Towching the Societie,” section heading,
Three kyndes of Rabbinical expositions of the Law.

to gain a little Rabbinical Learning, and find out some unobvious signification of a Word or Phrase, he must devour the tedious and voluminous Rhapsodies that make up the Talmud, in many of which he can scarce learn any thing but the Art of saying nothing in a multitude of words;

1665, Robert Boyle, Occasional Reflections upon Several Subiects, London: Henry Herringman, Reflection 7, pp. 168-169:

1766, Elizabeth Griffith, The Double Mistake, London: J. Almon et al., Act I, Scene 3,
Her father was a very learned divine, and who can tell but she may understand the rabbinical text?

Deronda was reading a piece of rabbinical Hebrew under Ezra’s correction and comment […]

1876, George Eliot, Daniel Deronda, Book 8, Chapter 68:

Oh, please, […] I’m a big boy now—so you can knock off the rabbinical righteousness. It turns out to be a little laughable at this stage of the game.

1969, Philip Roth, chapter 5, in Portnoy’s Complaint, New York: Vintage, published 1994, page 203:

Of or relating to rabbis, their writings, or their work.

rabínic

Referring to rabbis, their writings, or their work


Elijah

→ Hawaiian: ʻElia

→ Maori: Irāia

From Hebrew אליהו (Eliyahu, “My God is Yahweh”). Doublet of Ilya. Compare Joel. See also Arabic إلياس.

Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the Lord; And he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers, lest I come and smite the earth with a curse.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Malachi 4:5–6:

(Abrahamism, biblical) An Israelite prophet in the Abrahamic religions.


hylotheism

Doctrine of belief that matter is God, or that there is no God except matter and the universe (see materialism).


Raphael

en-proper noun

Raphael (countable and uncountable, plural Raphaels)

/ˈɹæf.eɪˌɛl/

/ˌɹæf.aɪˈɛl/

/ˌɹɑ.faɪˈɛl/

/ˌɹæf.aɪˈɛl/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-Raphael.wav

Latin Raphael. From Koine Greek Ῥᾱφᾱήλ (Rhāphāḗl), from Hebrew רָפָאֵל (Rāfāʾēl, literally “God cures/has healed”).

der

I am Raphael, one of the seven holy angels, which present the prayers of the saints, and which go in and out before the glory of the Holy One.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Tobit 12:15:

An archangel in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.


Lakshmi

From Sanskrit लक्ष्मी (lakṣmī, “mark, sign”).

The Hindu goddess of wealth, the consort of Vishnu and married to Rama (in her incarnation as Sita) and Krishna (as Radha and Rukmini).


bread-worship

(Christianity) The worship of the host; artolatry.


Confucius

Borrowed from Latin Confucius, from Mandarin 孔夫子 (Kǒng Fūzǐ, “Master Kong”).

Theſe Books mention only three Sects to have been in vogue in the World ; for of other Sects there is not the leaſt mention made. The firſt is the Sect of the Learned : The ſecond is called Sciequia : And the third Lancu. The firſt of theſe three is followed by all the Chineſes, and the adjacent People, which uſe the Chineſe Characters, as the Iſlanders of Japan, Corea, and Couchinchina : this Sect, which is that of the Learned, is taught to, and followed by none, but only thoſe and the Chineſes themſelves, and is the Antienteſt of all the Sects that were ever heard of in China : Out of this, about which a very great number of Books are writ, generally are choſen perſons fit for the Government of the Empire ; and therefore it is honoured and eſteemed above all others. The Doctrine of this Sect is not taught all at once, but they ſuck it in by degrees when they learn to Read or Write. The firſt Founder of this Sect was Confutius, the Prince of Chineſe Philoſophers, who is to this day honoured by all the Learned, with the Title of the The moſt Wiſe.

1669 [1665], John Nievhoff, “Of ſeveral SECTS in CHINA : Concerning PHILOSOPHY, and IDOL WORSHIP.”, in John Ogilby, transl., An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, translation of original in Dutch, →OCLC, page 216:

The thirty eighth Year of the Cycle Confucius was preferr’d for his great Merit to be Prime Miniſter of the Kingdom of Lû, his native Country. Thro’ his wiſe Counſel the Face of Affairs was ſoon chang'd throughout the Land ; he reform’d the Abuſes that had crept into it, and reſtor’d Honeſty in dealing ; he taught young Men to reſpect the old, and honour their Parents, even after their Deceaſe ; he inſpir’d the fair Sex with Mildneſs and Chaſtity ; and caus’d Sincerity, Uprightneſs, and all other civil Virtues to prevail among the People.

1738, “Annals of the Chinese Monarchs”, in A Description of the Empire of China and Chinese-Tartary, Together with the Kingdoms of Korea, and Tibet, volume I, London, translation of original by J. B. du Halde, →OCLC, page 167:

Applicants to higher schools had to pass entrance examinations reminiscent of those administered before 1966. This change, which came under attack in the fall of 1973 during the campaign to criticize Lin Piao and Confucius, pleased middle school teachers in No. 6 Middle School in Tan-tung, Liaoning.

1977, Thomas P. Bernstein, “Mobilizing Urban Youth to Go to the Countryside”, in Up to the Mountains and Down to the Villages: The Transfer of Youth from Urban to Rural China, Yale University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 98:

This is no longer a clue. It's a game. You may have just gotten checkmate, but we're playing Chinese checkers, and as my old friend Confucius say; the hunter has become the hunter-ed. The chaser has become the chosed. Dame Fortuna has had her franking privileges revoked. It seems the portrait has painted the artist, sketching the reverser, who has become the reverse-ed. But this time the suffixed will become the sufferer, and it appears the baby killer is about to kill a baby.

2007, Xavier: Renegade Angel, season 1, episode 4, spoken by Xavier (Vernon Chatman):

An influential Chinese philosopher who lived 551 B.C.E. – 479 B.C.E.; personal name Kong Qiu (孔丘).


mothering

en-noun

mothering (countable and uncountable, plural motherings)

Mothering-.—In former days, when the Roman Catholic was the established religion, it was the custom for people to visit their Mother Church on MidLent Sunday, and to make their offerings at the high altar. ...the now remaining practice of Mothering, or going to visit parents upon Mid-Lent Sunday, is really owing to that good old custom.

1905, John Brand, William Carew Hazlitt, “National Faiths”, in Faiths and folklore: a dictionary of national beliefs, Vol 2, page 424:

"Mothering Sunday," the fourth Sunday in Lent, when absent sons and daughters — particularly the young apprentices — would return to their homes with some little present for both parents, but more especially for the mother. ...Imagine the ... pride of the mother in the simple gift, and the admiration of the small brothers and sisters who gathered around and longed for the time when they also would be out in the great unknown world and could come "a-mothering."

1894 March 14, Mary B. Merrill, “Mothering Sunday”, in Mary Mapes Dodge, editor, St. Nicholas: a monthly magazine for boys and girls, volume 21, part 1, page 388:

(obsolete) Shortened form of a-mothering (obsolete); practice of visiting one's literal or figurative mother or mother church (compare Mothering Sunday).


gifting

We all bear His image and likeness, walk in the fullness of His love, and have been given a portion of His power – in the form of divine enablings, and supernatural giftings.

2009, Tom Cannon, We Speak to Nations, page 145:


Pallas

From Ancient Greek Παλλάς (Pallás) (f.) or Πάλλας (Pállas) (m.), from πάλλω (pállō, “to poise, sway, or swing”), but explained here by the ancients as more specifically meaning to brandish something. In Athena's conventional iconography, she was often depicted with a spear or a shield. Thus the epithet was explained as referring to her brandishing these things.

A female given name from Ancient Greek of mythological origin; rare in English.