ablegate

Borrowed from French ablégate, from Latin ablēgātus, perfect passive participle of ablēgō (“I send off or away; banish”), from ab (“from, away from”) + lēgō (“I dispatch, send on a commission”). See legate.

(Roman Catholicism) A representative of the pope charged with important commissions in foreign countries, one of his duties being to bring to a newly named cardinal his insignia of office.

ablegaat

representative of the pope in foreign countries


Aaronic

en-adj

Aaronic (comparative more Aaronic, superlative most Aaronic)

more Aaronic (comparative)
most Aaronic (superlative)

(Mormonism) Of or pertaining to the lower order of priests.


abdest

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish آبدست (modern Turkish abdest), from Classical Persian آبْدَسْت (ābdast), compound of آب (āb, “water”) and دست (dast, “hand”).

(Islam) The Islamic act of washing parts of the body using water for ritual prayers and for handling and reading the Qur'an.


abbotship

From Middle English abboship, abbotshup; equivalent to abbot + -ship.

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

The state, term, or office of an abbot; abbacy.


abraxas

(Gnosticism, historical) A transcription of Abrasax.


abbacy

From Middle English abbathie, from Late Latin abbātia, from abbās, abbātis (“abbot”). Doublet of abbey and Opatija.

The dignity, estate, term, or jurisdiction of an abbot or abbess.

աբբայություն

dignity, estate, or jurisdiction of an abbot


abbatial

abbatial (comparative more abbatial, superlative most abbatial)

more abbatial (comparative)
most abbatial (superlative)

/ˈæˌbeɪ.ʃl̩/

From Middle English abbacyal, from Middle French abbatial, from Late Latin abbatialis, from abbatia (“abbey”) + -ialis (“-ial”).

Thus the abbatial succession came to be confined to members of the clan of the founder; and although originally the abbots were elected from the "founder's kin," and were distinct from those of the clan who possessed the abbatial lands, yet in process of time ecclesiastical line was merged in the secular, and both were united in one lay official, like the successors of St. Patrick at Armagh, who were the objects of St. Bernard's denunciations

Belonging to, relating to, or pertaining to an abbey, abbot, or abbess.


Abaddon

From the Middle English Abadon, Abbadon, Labadon, Laabadon, from the Late Latin Abaddōn, from the Ancient Greek Ἀβαδδών (Abaddṓn), from the Biblical Hebrew אבדון (ʾăḇaddōn, literally “destruction, abyss”), from אבד (ʾāḇaḏ, “to be lost, to perish”).

der

In all her gates, Abaddon rues Thy bold attempt.

1671, John Milton, “The Fourth Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC, page 4:

(poetic) Hell; the bottomless pit; a place of destruction.


abbreviator

From Ecclesiastical Latin abbreviātor. Compare French abbréviateur.

(Roman Catholicism, historical) One of a college of seventy-two officers of the papal court whose duty was to make a short minute of a decision on a petition, or reply of the pope to a letter, and afterwards expand the minute into official form.


Abrahamic

[T]he Noachic and Abrahamic churches are connected by Shem, and the other long-lived patriarchs, who existed before the apostasy of Noah's posterity, and survived it

1832, Issac Cullimore, “Criteria for Determining the Accuracy of Scripture Chronology”, in The Morning watch: or, Quarterly journal on prophecy, and theological review, volume 4:

Paul's faith was at this crisis in his spiritual illumination more Abrahamic than Christlike in its character.

1896, James S. Kennedy, “Spiritual Development of St. Paul”, in The Methodist review, page 66:

Abrahamist

of the family of religions revering Abraham

Judaism, Christianity, Islam and the Baháʼí Faith are all Abrahamic religions.

[The messianic] does not belong properly to any Abrahamic religion (even if I may here continue “entre nous” for essential reasons of language and of place, of culture, and of provisional rhetorical and historical strategy of which I will speak later, to give to it names inscribed by the Abrahamic religions).

2005, Yvonne Sherwood, Kevin Hart, quoting Jacques Derrida, Derrida and Religion: Other Testaments, page 121:

Most anthropologists, myself at the forefront, are doubtless incredibly naive about the nature of Christianity and provincial with respect to the depth and riches of Abrahamic-based theory for the analysis of religious phenomena more broadly no less than for philosophy.

2007, Hent De Vries, Religion: Beyond a Concept, →ISBN, page 123:

Christianity, not Islam, was the first of the Abrahamic cults to come to the Sudan.

2009, Stig Jarle Hansen, Atle Mesøy, Tuncay Kardas, The Borders of Islam, →ISBN, page 158:

(of a religion) Descended from the religious tradition of Abraham.


ablution

en-noun

ablution (countable and uncountable, plural ablutions)

From Middle English ablucioun (“cleansing of impurities”), from Old French ablution, and its source, Late Latin ablūtiō (“a washing away”), from abluō (“wash away”), from ab- (“away”) + lavō (“wash”).

ablutie

Roman Catholic Church: a small quantity of wine and water

(Western Christianity) The rinsing of the priest's hand and the sacred vessel following the Communion with, depending on rite, water or a mix of it and wine, which may then be drunk by the priest.

(Eastern Orthodoxy) The ritual consumption by the deacon or priest of leftover sacred wine of host after the Communion.


abbess

From Middle English abbesse, from Old French abeesse (French abbesse), from Late Latin or Ecclesiastical Latin abbatissa, feminine of Latin abbas, abbatis (“abbot”).

The abbess was always after the nuns to keep the convent immaculately clean.

A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the same authority over the nuns which the abbots have over the monks.


abbey

From A.D. 1250 in Middle English abbey, abbeye (“convent headed by an abbot”) (compare archaic English abbaye), itself borrowed from Old French abaïe, abbaïe, abeïe, abbeïe (Modern French abbaye) from Late Latin or Ecclesiastical Latin abbātia, from Classical Latin abbās (“abbot”). Doublet of abbacy and Opatija. See abbot.

From 1199 to 1203 William Punchard was the abbot of the abbey of Rievaulx, which was part of the Cistercian order of monks.

A monastery or society of people, secluded from the world and devoted to religion and celibacy, which is headed by an abbot or abbess; also, the monastic building or buildings.


accensor

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin accēnsor, from accendō (“light, kindle”) + -tor (agent noun suffix). Compare accend.

bor+

(Roman Catholicism) One of the functionaries who light and trim the tapers.


abbot

Gullah: aabut

From Middle English abbot, abbod, abbed, from Old English abbat, abbad, abbod, from Latin abbās (“father”), from Ancient Greek ἀββᾶς (abbâs), from Aramaic אבא (’abbā, “father”). Doublet of abba, abbé, and bwana.

The newly appointed abbot decided to take a tour of the abbey with the cardinal's emissary.

The superior or head of an abbey or monastery.

ab

trưởng tu viện/ phương trượng trong tùng lâm

The pastor or administrator of an order, including minor and major orders starting with the minor order of porter.

A layman who received the abbey's revenues, after the closing of the monasteries.


acceptilation

en-noun

acceptilation (countable and uncountable, plural acceptilations)

From Latin acceptilatio (“entry of a debt collected, acquittance”), from past participle of accipere (compare accept) + latio (“a carrying”), from latus, past participle of ferre (“to carry”).

der

(theology) The doctrine, laid down by Duns Scotus and maintained by the Arminians, that the satisfaction rendered by Christ was not in itself really a true or full equivalent, but was merely accepted by God, through his gracious goodwill, as sufficient.


acceptation

en-noun

acceptation (countable and uncountable, plural acceptations)

From Middle English acceptacioun, acceptation, from Middle French acceptacion and Late Latin acceptātiō.

This does not, however, mean that the habit of created charity may be regarded as the formal cause of divine acceptation, considered from the standpoint of the one who elicits the act of acceptation (i.e., God), as this must be regarded as lying within the divine will itself.

1998 [1986], Alister E. McGrath, Iustitia Dei: A History of the Christian Doctrine of Justification, 2nd edition, →ISBN, page 148:

(theology) The active divine decision to approve an act or circumstance, held by Scotists to be necessary to render it meritorious.


absolutism

absolutism (countable and uncountable, plural absolutisms)

First attested in 1753 (in the theological sense); attested in 1830 in the political sense. From absolute + -ism, based after French absolutisme.

(theology) Doctrine of preordination; doctrine of absolute decrees; doctrine that God acts in an absolute manner.

predestinatieleer

theology: doctrine of preordination; doctrine of absolute decrees


absolution

absolution (countable and uncountable, plural absolutions)

From Middle English absolucion, absolucioun, from Old French absolution, from Latin absolūtiōnem, accusative singular of absolūtiō (“acquittal”), from absolvō (“absolve”). See also absolve.

Governments granting absolution to the nation.

The true aim of medicine is not to make men virtuous; it is to safeguard and rescue them from the consequences of their vices. The physician does not preach repentance; he offers absolution.

1919 August, H. L. Mencken, The Smart Set, pages 60–1:

An absolving, or setting free from guilt, sin, or penalty; forgiveness of an offense.

опрощение

absolving or setting free from guilt, sin or penalty; forgiveness of an offense

absolució

exercise of priestly jurisdiction in the sacrament of penance, by which Catholics believe the sins of the truly penitent are forgiven


abuna

From Amharic አቡነ (ʾäbunä), Arabic أَبُونَا (ʔabūnā, “our father”).

Around these leaders are still numerous hereditary dynasties of non-monastic clergy who, over the centuries, might swarm in their thousands to seek ordination on the abun’s rare visits to their area.

2009, Diarmaid MacCulloch, A History of Christianity, Penguin, published 2010, page 242:

(Christianity) The Patriarch, or head of the Abyssinian Church.


polytheistic

en-adj

polytheistic (comparative more polytheistic, superlative most polytheistic)

more polytheistic (comparative)
most polytheistic (superlative)

/ˌpɒlɪθiːˈɪstɪk/

Coordinate term: monotheistic

The mystic is one to whom the unitive, pantheistic, or at least the panentheistic, aspects of the divinity are as congenial as the deistic, polytheistic, and anthropomorphic aspects are to the institutional mind.

The horse stood still till he had finished the hymn, which Jude repeated under the sway of a polytheistic fancy that he would never have thought of humouring in broad daylight.


OCR

(religion) Initialism of Office of the Chief Rabbi.


futurism

en-noun

futurism (countable and uncountable, plural futurisms)

/ˈfjuːt͡ʃəɹɪzəm/

(Judaism) The Jewish expectation of the messiah in the future rather than recognizing him in the presence of Christ.

(Christianity) Eschatological interpretations associating some Biblical prophecies with future events yet to be fulfilled, including the Second Coming.


polytheism

polytheism (countable and uncountable, plural polytheisms)

From French polythéisme, from Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “many”) and θεός (theós, “god”), corresponding to poly- + theism.

And remember when Lokmân said unto his son, as he admonished him, Oh my son, give not a partner unto GOD; for polytheism is a great impiety.

1734, George Sale, transl., Alcoran of Mohammed:

The belief in the existence of multiple gods.

شِرْك

بت پرستی (but parastī, literally “'Idol Worship'”)


Thanatos

(Greek mythology) The god of death (specifically of a peaceful death), and twin brother of Hypnos (god of sleep); the Greek counterpart of Mors.


millennium

millennium (plural millennia or millenniums)

From Late Latin mīllennium, from Latin mīllennis (“1000-year”) + -ium (forming abstract nouns).

milénium

year when a period of 1000 years ends and another begins

After the purifying judgments which attended the personal return of Christ to the Earth, He will reign over restored Israel and over the earth for one thousand years. This is the period commonly called the Millennium. The seat of His power will be Jerusalem, and the saints, including the saved of the Dispensation of Grace, viz., the Church, will be associated with Him in His glory.

1888, C. I. Scofield, “The Seven Dispensations”, in Rightly Dividing the Word of Truth (2 Tim. 2:15): Ten Outline Studies of The More Important Divisions of Scripture, Second edition (Religion), Philadelphia, Penn.: Philadelphia School of the Bible, published 1923, →OCLC, page 25:

An archangel ecstatically proclaiming the Millennium, and then finding that it clashed unpardonably with Henley and would have to be indefinitely postponed, could hardly have felt more crestfallen than Cornelius Appin at the reception of his wonderful achievement.

1911, Saki, “Tobermory”, in The Chronicles of Clovis:

the end of the world would be heralded by a series of spectacular and symbolic events […]. According to most commentators, this millennium had already begun.

1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 137:

Conrad's later years unfolded in the shadow of the coming Millennium, when the end of the world was forecast.

2011, Norman Davies, Vanished Kingdoms, Penguin, published 2012, page 117:

(Christianity) The period of one thousand years during which Christ will reign on earth (according to Millenarianist interpretations).

tuhatvuotinen valtakunta

Christianity: the 1000 year reign of Christ


abba

From Middle English, from Latin, from Ancient Greek, from Aramaic אבא/ܐܒܐ (ʼaḇāʼ, “father”); see abbot.

The abba of the coenobion went to him and told him about the brother who had slipped up.

2012, The Book of the Elders: Sayings of the Desert Fathers, →ISBN, page 135:

(Christianity, Judaism) Father; religious superior; in the Syriac, Coptic, and Ethiopic churches, a title given to the bishops, and by the bishops to the patriarch; a title given to Jewish scholars in the Talmudic period.


fnord

A neologism from the Principia Discordia popularized in the Illuminatus! trilogy.

metasyntactic variable
metasyntactic variable

(programming) A metasyntactic variable, similar to foo and bar.


monotheism

monotheism (countable and uncountable, plural monotheisms)

/ˌmɑnoʊ̯ˈθiɪzm̩/

A learned 17th-century coinage, mono- + theism, from (μονός (monós, “one”)) and (θεός (theós, “god, deity”) + -ισμός (-ismós)) The term parallels the earlier polytheism, atheism (the simplex theism being slightly later).
The term was coined by Henry More, ca. 1660, in explicit juxtaposition with both atheism and polytheism. It was redefined through etymological fallacy by Daniel Webster ca. 1828.

The belief that God is one person (Judaism, Unitarian Christianity, Islam), not three persons (Trinitarian Christianity, Hinduism)


absolve

en-verb

absolve (third-person singular simple present absolves, present participle absolving, simple past and past participle absolved)

absolves (present singular third-person)
absolving (participle present)
absolved (participle past)
absolved (past)

First attested in the early 15th century. From Middle English absolven, from Latin absolvere, present active infinitive of absolvō (“set free, acquit”), from ab (“away from”) + solvō (“loosen, free, release”). Doublet of assoil.

To make confession and to be absolved.

1597, William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, act 3, scene 5:

(transitive, theology) To grant a remission of sin; to give absolution to.

In his name I abſolve your perjury and ſanctify your arms: follow my footſteps in the paths of glory and ſalvation; and if ſtill ye have ſcruples, devolve on my head the puniſhment and the ſin.

1788, Edward Gibbon, chapter LXVII, in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, volume VI, London: […] W[illiam] Strahan; and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, page 447:

(transitive, theology) To remit a sin; to give absolution for a sin.

antaa anteeksi

theology: to remit a sin; to give absolution for a sin


quotidian

From Anglo-Norman cotidian, cotidien, Middle French cotidian, cotidien, and their source, Latin cottīdiānus, quōtīdiānus (“happening every day”), from adverb cottīdiē, quōtīdiē (“every day, daily”), from an unattested adjective derived from quot (“how many”) + locative form of diēs (“day”).

(Anglicanism, historical) A daily allowance formerly paid to certain members of the clergy.


occultation

en-noun

occultation (countable and uncountable, plural occultations)

From Latin occultātiōnem, accusative singular of occultātiō (“concealment; insinuation”), from occultāre, present active infinitive of occultō (“to conceal, hide”); analysable as occult + -ation.

We are therefore, constantly hoping for the joy and happiness, personified in Imām al-Mahdi, the Imām who is alive at this very time, and who is himself awaiting the command of Allāh to reappear, so that he may strengthen the weak, and judge the oppressors. He will reappear "without having done Bay'ah to any oppressor". He went into occultation because he did not want [to] submit to any unjust ruler.

2002, Allamah Sayyid Saeed Akhtar Rizvi, Prophecies about Occultation of Imãm Al-Mahdi (A.S.), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Bilal Muslim Mission of Tanzania, →ISBN, page 7:

(Shia Islam) The disappearance of the Twelfth Imam, or Mahdi, who is believed alive and present in this world, but hidden until his reappearance at the end of time.

الغَيْبَة

Mahdi's disappearance in twelver Shiite's doctrine


gnosis

gnosis (countable and uncountable, plural gnoses)

From Ancient Greek γνῶσις (gnôsis, “knowledge”).

der

(religion) An immanent form of knowledge or transcendent insight, such as sought by the Gnostics.

(occult) An altered state of awareness in which the will is magically effective.


decade

From Middle English decade, from Old French decade, from Late Latin decādem (“(set of) ten”), from Ancient Greek δεκάς (dekás), from δέκα (déka, “ten”). In reference to a span of ten years, originally a clipping of the phrase decade of years. By surface analysis, deca- + -ade. Doublet of decad.

teens · twenties · thirties · forties · fifties · sixties · seventies · eighties · nineties

Gay Nineties · Naughty Nineties · Roaring Twenties · Dirty Thirties · Swinging Sixties

A group, set, or series of ten , particularly:

(Roman Catholicism) A series of prayers counted on a rosary, typically consisting of an Our Father, followed by ten Hail Marys, and concluding with a Glory Be and sometimes the Fatima Prayer.


hour

Bislama: aua

Tok Pisin: aua

→ Hausa: awa

From Middle English houre, hour, oure, from Anglo-Norman houre, from Old French houre, (h)ore, from Latin hōra (“hour”), from Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra, “any time or period, whether of the year, month, or day”), from Proto-Indo-European *yóh₁r̥ (“year, season”). Akin to Old English ġēar (“year”). Doublet of hora and year.
Partly displaced native Old English tīd (“time, hour”), whence Modern English tide.

the darkest hour is always just before the dawn

the darkest hour is just before the dawn

(Christianity, in the plural) The set times of prayer, the canonical hours, the offices or services prescribed for these, or a book containing them.


calendar

Tok Pisin: kalenda

→ Japanese: カレンダー (karendā)

→ Korean: 카렌다 (karenda)

→ Korean: 캘린더 (kaellindeo)

→ Swahili: kalenda

Etymology tree
Old French calendierbor.
Middle English kalender
English calendar
From Middle English kalender, from Old French calendier, from Latin calendarium (“account book”), from kalendae (“the first day of the month”), from calō (“to announce solemnly, to call out (the sighting of the new moon)”), from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁-. Doublet of calendarium.

etymon

(US) An appointment book (US), appointment diary (UK)


servant

From Middle English servaunt, from Old French servant, from the present participle of the verb servir. Doublet of sergeant and servient. Morphologically serve + -ant. Displaced native Old English þeġn.

(religion) A person who dedicates themselves to God.


avatar

→ Japanese: アバター

Avatar (Hinduism)
Chip Morningstar
LucasArts
Neal Stephenson
Randy Farmer
Shadowrun
Snow Crash
Ultima IV: Quest of the Avatar
pen and paper

First use appears c. 1784, in The Hindu Wife; or, The Enchanted Fruit, by William Jones. Borrowed from Hindustani अवतार / اوتار (avtār), from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra, “descent of a deity from a heaven”), a compound of अव (ava, “off, away, down”) and the vṛddhi-stem of the root √तॄ (√tṝ, “to cross”). In the computing sense, some use appeared in video games in the 1980s, such as the online roleplaying game Habitat (1985) by Lucasfilm Games (today LucasArts), by Chip Morningstar and Randy Farmer, later versions of the Ultima series (following religious use in Ultima IV: Quest of the Avatar (1985)), and the pen and paper role-playing game Shadowrun (1989). Also popularized by the novel Snow Crash (1992) by Neal Stephenson.

أَفَاتَار

digital representation of a person or being

(Hinduism) An incarnation of a deity, particularly Vishnu.

অৱতাৰ

earthly incarnation of a deity, particularly Vishnu


accommodation

en-noun

accommodation (countable and uncountable, plural accommodations)

/əˌkɔm.əˈdæɪ.ʃən/

From French accommodation, from Latin accommodātiō (“adjustment, accommodation, compliance”), from accommodō (“adapt, put in order”). Superficially accommodate + -ion. The sense of "lodging" was first attested in 1600.

der

(theology) An adaptation or method of interpretation which explains the special form in which the revelation is presented as unessential to its contents, or rather as often adopted by way of compromise with human ignorance or weakness.


meeting

en-noun

meeting (countable and uncountable, plural meetings)

Belizean Creole: meetn

Bislama: miting

Krio: meeting

Pijin: miting

Tok Pisin: miting

Torres Strait Creole: miting

→ Australian Kriol: miding, miting

→ Bulgarian: митинг (miting)

→ Catalan: míting

→ Crimean Tatar: miting

→ Czech: meeting, mítink

→ French: meeting

→ Galician: mitin

→ Italian: meeting

→ Japanese: ミーティング

→ Korean: 미팅 (miting)

→ Latvian: mītiņš, (dated) mītings

→ Lithuanian: mitingas

→ Macedonian: митинг (miting)

→ Ottoman Turkish: میتینغ (miting)

Turkish: miting

→ Persian: میتینگ (miting)

→ Polish: myting

→ Portuguese: meeting

desctree

→ Russian: ми́тинг (míting), ми́тингъ (míting) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: միտինգ (miting)
→ Azerbaijani: mitinq
→ Georgian: მიტინგი (miṭingi)
→ Kazakh: митинг (mitiñ)
→ Kyrgyz: митинг (miting)
→ Yiddish: מיטינג (miting)

→ Serbo-Croatian: miting / митинг

→ Spanish: meeting, mitin, mitín

→ Tagalog: miting

From Middle English meeting, meting, from Old English mēting, ġemēting (“meeting, assembly, association, society”), equivalent to meet + -ing. Cognate with West Frisian moeting (“meeting, encounter”), Dutch ontmoeting (“meeting, encounter”), Middle Low German mö̂tinge (“meeting”). Compare also German Low German Möte (“meeting, encounter”), Danish møde (“meeting, encounter”), Swedish möte (“meeting, encounter”), Icelandic mót (“meeting”). Related to moot.

cog

Denver meeting is a part of Intermountain yearly meeting.

(Quakerism) An administrative unit in the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers).


tao

Daoism–Taoism romanization issue
Encyclopædia Britannica
Tao
circuit (administrative division)

From the Wade–Giles romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 道 (tao⁴).

The tao of Lao Tzu was a cosmic tao, inner and unwritten, a tao of Nature, while the tao of Confucius was moral and written.

2021, Olof G. Lidin, From Taoism to Einstein, page 196:

(Chinese philosophy and religion) Alternative letter-case form of Tao: the way of nature or way to live one's life.


Israel

→ Japanese: イスラエル (Isuraeru)

From Middle English Israel, from Old English, borrowed from Latin Israel, from Ancient Greek Ἰσραήλ (Israḗl), from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yisra'él, “Israel”). In the Bible, it is said to be from the name יִשְׂרֶה אֵל (yisré 'él) given to Jacob in he:T:29, after which his descendants came to be known as Israelites and their land as the "kingdom/land of Israel". The personal name, already attested in Eblaite 𒅖𒊏𒅋 (iš-ra-il) and Ugaritic 𐎊𐎌𐎗𐎛𐎍 (yšrỉl), has been variously translated as "he wrestles with God", "he prevails with God", or "God rules" (possibly from the same root ש־ר־ה/ש־ר־ר as שָׂרָה (“Sarah”)).
Line 27 of the Merneptah Stele (from about 1200 B.C.E.) is thought to contain the earliest attestation of the name Israel in any language, Egyptian ysrjꜣr.
: i-i-z:Z1s*Z1s:r-i-A-r:Z1*T14-A1*B1:Z2
Doublet of Yisroel.

(biblical) A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people.

Hear O’ Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is One

2024 August 24 (last accessed), My Jewish learning, The Shema:

For our ancestors, for us, for our children, for every generation of the people Israel, for all ages from the first to the last, His teachings are true, everlasting.

(historical, Judaism, liturgical, otherwise now proscribed or offensive) The Jews as a people, taken collectively.

liturgical; otherwise now proscribed or offensive; liturgical; otherwise now proscribed or offensive


Saint Helena

(Christianity) A saint: the mother of the emperor Constantine the Great.


translation

en-noun

translation (countable and uncountable, plural translations)

From Middle English translacioun (“transfer, translation”), from Anglo-Norman translacioun, from Latin trānslātiō, from trānslāt-, the supine stem of trānsferō (“to transfer, transport, transform, translate”). Displaced native Old English wending.

inh

(countable, uncountable) The act of translating, in its various senses:

The conveyance of something from one place to another, especially:

(Christianity) An ascension to Heaven without death.

(Christianity) A transfer of a bishop from one diocese to another.

(Christianity) A transfer of a holy relic from one shrine to another.


thou

en-verb

thou (third-person singular simple present thous, present participle thouing, simple past and past participle thoued)

thous (present singular third-person)
thouing (participle present)
thoued (participle past)
thoued (past)

From Late Middle English thouen, theu, thew, thou, thowe, thowen, thui, thuy (“to address (a person) with thou, particularly in a contemptuous or polite manner”), from the pronoun thou: see etymology 1 above.

Don’t thou them as thous thee! – a Yorkshire English admonition to overly familiar children

Avaunt, caitiff, dost thou thou me! / I am come of good kin, I tell thee! / My mother was a lady of the stews' blood born, / And (knight of the halter) my father ware an horn; / Therefore I take it in full great scorn, / That thou shouldest thus check me.

c. 1530, “Hickscorner”, in W[illiam] Carew Hazlitt, editor, A Select Collection of Old English Plays. Originally Published by Robert Dodsley in the Year 1744. […], 4th edition, volume I, London: Reeves and Turner, […], published 1874, page 180:

[T]aunt him with the licenſe of Inke: if thou thou'ſt him some thrice, it ſhall not be amiſſe, and as many Lyes, as will lye in thy ſheete of paper, although the ſheete were bigge enough for the bedde of Ware in England, ſet 'em downe, go about it.

c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 266:

Attorney. [Edward Coke, Attorney General for England and Wales] All that he [Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham] did was by thy Inſtigation, thou viper; for I thou thee, thou Traitor. / Raleigh. [Walter Raleigh] It becometh not a Man of Quality and Virtue, to call me ſo: But I take comfort in it, it is all you can do.

1603 November 27, “The Tryal of Sir Walter Raleigh Kt. at Winton, on Thursday the 17th of November, Anno. Dom. 1603. in the First Year of King James the First”, in [Thomas Salmon], editor, A Compleat Collection of State-Tryals, and Proceedings upon Impeachment for High Treason, and Other Crimes and Misdemeanours; […] In Four Volumes, volume I, London: Printed for Timothy Goodwin, […]; John Walthoe […]; Benj[amin] Tooke […]; John Darby […]; Jacob Tonson […]; and John Walthoe Jun. […], published 1719, →OCLC, page 177, column 2:

What! doſt thou not believe that God's Thouing and Theeing was and is ſound Speech? [...] And Theeing & Thouing of one ſingle Perſon was the language of Chriſt Jeſus, and the Holy Prophets and Apoſtles both under the Diſpenſations of Law and Goſpel, [...]

1677, William Gibson, “An Answer to John Cheyney’s Pamphlet Entituled The Shibboleth of Quakerism”, in The Life of God, which is the Light and Salvation of Men, Exalted: […], [London]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 134:

The emperors before Rodolphus I. ſent all their mandates in Latin, thouing every prince, as the grammar of that language allows. This thouing of the counts of the empire was continued in the German language which diſallows ſuch expreſſions.

1755, [Voltaire [pseudonym; François-Marie Arouet]], “Ferdinand III. Forty-seventh Emperor.”, in Annals of the Empire from the Reign of Charlemagne […] In Two Volumes, volume II, London: Printed for A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, page 257:

Unfortunate we the duennas! though we descended in a direct male-line from Hector of Troy, our mistresses will never forbear "thouing" us, were they to be made queens for it.

1811, Miguel Cervantes de Saavedra, “Of Matters Relating and Appertaining to this Adventure, and to this Memorable History”, in Charles Jarvis, transl., The Life and Exploits of Don Quixote de la Mancha. Translated from the Spanish [...] In Four Volumes, volume IV, London: Printed [by Harding & Wright] for Lackington, Allen, and Co. [et al.], →OCLC, part II, book III, pages 57–58:

"One service more, Sahib, since thou hast come so opportunely," said Lalun. "Wilt thou"–it is very nice to be thou-ed by Lalun–"take this old man across the City—the troops are everywhere, and they might hurt him for he is old—to the Kumharsen Gate?["]

1888, Rudyard Kipling, “On the City Wall”, in In Black and White (A. H. Wheeler & Co.’s Indian Railway Library; no. 3), 5th edition, Allahabad: Messrs. A. H. Wheeler & Co.; London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, Ld., […], published 1890, →OCLC, page 91:

In Guy a duke in council thous his emperor [...] In Bevis the earl addresses the emperor of Almaine [...] while the young son of the family, Bevis, thous him not only as his father's murderer [...], but even when he is pretending friendship for him [...].

1917, Russell Osborne Stidston, “Inferiors to Superiors”, in The Use of Ye in the Function of Thou in Middle English Literature from Ms. Auchinleck to Ms. Vernon: A Study of Grammar and Social Intercourse in Fourteenth-century England: […], Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University, →OCLC, section 1 (The Higher Classes to Royalty), page 22:

(transitive) To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity.

tutiar

to address (a person) using the familiar second-person pronoun

μιλώ στον ενικό (miló ston enikó, literally “speak in the singular”)


religion

en-noun

religion (countable and uncountable, plural religions)

/ɹɪˈlɪd͡ʒən/

From Middle English religioun, from Old French religion, from Latin religiō (“scrupulousness, pious misgivings, superstition, conscientiousness, sanctity, an object of veneration, cult-observance, reverence”). Most likely from the Proto-Indo-European *h₂leg- with the meanings preserved in Latin dīligere and legere (“to read repeatedly”, “to have something solely in mind”). Displaced Old English ǣfæstnes (“religion, lawfulness”).

displaced

Holonyms: cosmology, ontology, epistemology, philosophy

My brother tends to value religion, but my sister not as much.

Most books on the philosophy of religion try to begin with a precise definition of what its essence consists of. […] I shall not be pedantic enough to enumerate any of them to you now. Meanwhile the very fact that they are so many and so different from one another is enough to prove that the word “religion” cannot stand for any single principle or essence, but is rather a collective name.

1902, William James, “Lecture 2”, in The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature […] , New York, N.Y.; London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC:

Phallicism was, therefore, at the root of all religion, and was definitely the opponent of evil and darkness.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 160:

Religion is not identical with spirituality; rather, religion is the form spirituality takes in a civilization; it is not so much the opiate of the masses as it is the antidote for the poisons of civilization.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 103:

(uncountable) Belief in a spiritual or metaphysical reality (often including at least one deity), accompanied by practices or rituals pertaining to the belief.

адин

system of beliefs dealing with soul, deity and/or life after death


pulpit

From Middle English pulpit, from Old French pulpite and Latin pulpitum (“platform”). Doublet of pulpitum.

Always, whether in the pulpit or on the platform, as in private conversation, there is an absolute simplicity about the man and his words; a simplicity, an earnestness, a complete honesty.

1915, Russell H. Conwell, Robert Shackleton, chapter IV, in Acres of Diamonds, His Life and Achievements:

[H]is `Amens' were ejected at the pulpit with the severity of a reprimand.

1930, Norman Lindsay, Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1965, →OCLC, page 12:

(Christianity) A raised platform in a church, usually enclosed, where the minister or preacher stands when giving the sermon.

בימה

used to describe the platform in a synagogue where the rabbi conducts the sermon


word

en-noun

word (countable and uncountable, plural words)

desc

Chinese Pidgin English: word, 𭉉 (Chinese spelling)

From Middle English word, from Old English word, from Proto-West Germanic *word, from Proto-Germanic *wurdą, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰh₁om. Doublet of verb and verve; further related to vrata.

you get more with a kind word and a gun than you do with a kind word alone

Her parents had lived in Botswana, spreading the word among the tribespeople.

(theology, sometimes Word) Communication from God; the message of the Christian gospel; the Bible, Scripture.

And that worde was made flesshe, and dwelt amonge vs, and we sawe the glory off yt, as the glory off the only begotten sonne off the father, which worde was full of grace, and verite.

1526, [William Tyndale, transl.], The Newe Testamẽt […] (Tyndale Bible), [Worms, Germany: Peter Schöffer], →OCLC, John:

And so the Word had breath, and wrought
With human hands the creed of creeds
In loveliness of perfect deeds,
More strong than all poetic thought; […]

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXXVI, page 56:

(theology, sometimes Word) Logos, Christ.


secret

en-noun

secret (countable and uncountable, plural secrets)

Pitcairn-Norfolk: siikret

The noun is from Middle English secret, from Latin sēcrētum. Doublet of secretum. Displaced Old English dēagolnes (“a secret”).
The verb is from the noun.

displaced

(Christianity, often in the plural) Any prayer spoken inaudibly and not aloud; especially, one of the prayers in the Tridentine Mass, immediately following the "orate, fratres", said inaudibly by the celebrant.

sēcrēta

inaudible prayer, especially after the “orate fratres” at Mass


Yiddish

From Yiddish ייִדיש (yidish), from Yiddish ייִדיש־דוײַטש (yidish-daytsh), cognate with German jüdisch (“Jewish”).

der

ייִדיש־דוײַטש

Holonym: High German

Meronyms: Eastern Yiddish, East Yiddish, Western Yiddish, West Yiddish

Yiddish is a High German language [...] two varieties of Yiddish developed [...]

1983, Philip Baldi, An Introduction to the Indo-European Languages, page 128:

A West Germanic, or more specifically High German, language that developed from Middle High German dialects, with an admixture of vocabulary from multiple source languages including Hebrew-Aramaic, Romance, Slavic, English, etc., and mostly written in Hebrew characters which is used mainly among Ashkenazic Jews from central and eastern Europe.


weekday

Inherited from Middle English weke-day, from Old English wicdæġ. By surface analysis, compound of week + day. Compare West Frisian wikedei (“weekday”), Dutch weekdag (“weekday”), German Wochentag (“weekday”), Danish ugedag (“weekday”), Swedish veckodag (“weekday”), Norwegian ukedag (“weekday”).

surf

Any individual day of the week, except those which form the weekend or the single weekly day off; that is:

(Islam) Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, but not Friday.

(Judaism) Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday or Friday, but not Saturday.


hell

en-verb

hell (third-person singular simple present hells, present participle helling, simple past and past participle helled)

hells (present singular third-person)
helling (participle present)
helled (participle past)
helled (past)

From Middle English helle, from Old English hell, from Proto-West Germanic *hallju, from Proto-Germanic *haljō (“concealed place, netherworld”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, conceal, save”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Hälle (“hell”), West Frisian hel (“hell”), Dutch hel (“hell”), German Low German Hell (“hell”), German Hölle (“hell”), Norwegian helvete (“hell”), Icelandic hel (“the abode of the dead, death”). Also related to the Hel of Germanic mythology. See also hele.

cog

To make hellish; to place (someone) in hell; to make (a place) into a hell.


throne

From Middle English trone, from Old French trone, from Latin thronus, from Ancient Greek θρόνος (thrónos, “chair, throne”). Superseded earlier seld (“seat, throne”).

der

For by him were all things created that are in heauen, and that are in earth, visible and inuisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers: all things were created by him, and for him.

1611, Bible (KJV), Epistle of Paul to the Colossians, 1:16

(Christianity) A member of an order of angels ranked above dominions and below cherubim.


day

Sranan Tongo: dei

Etymology tree
Middle English day
English day
Inherited from Middle English day, from Old English dæġ (“day”), from Proto-West Germanic *dag, from Proto-Germanic *dagaz (“day”); see there for more.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Dai (“day”), West Frisian dei (“day”), Dutch dag (“day”), German Low German Dag (“day”), Alemannic German Däi (“day”), German Tag (“day”), Swedish, Norwegian and Danish dag (“day”), Icelandic dagur (“day”), Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃 (dags, “day”). Possible cognates beyond Germanic relatives include Albanian djeg (“to burn”), Lithuanian degti (“to burn”), Tocharian A tsäk-, Russian жечь (žečʹ, “to burn”) from *degti, дёготь (djógotʹ, “tar, pitch”), Sanskrit दाह (dāhá, “heat”), दहति (dáhati, “to burn”), Latin foveō (“to warm, keep warm, incubate”).
Latin diēs is a false cognate; it derives from Proto-Indo-European *dyew- (“to shine”).

cog

any day of the week and twice on Sundays

even a stopped clock is right twice a day

every day of the week and twice on Sundays

Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof

The day begins at midnight.

Monday is the first day of the week in many countries of the world.

A period of time between two set times which mark the beginning and the end of day in a calendar, such as from midnight to the following midnight or (Judaism) from nightfall to the following nightfall.

يَوْم

period from midnight to the following midnight


thee

head

thee (second-person singular, objective case, nominative thou, reflexive thyself)

From Middle English þe, from Old English þē (“thee”, originally dative, but later also accusative), from Proto-Germanic *þiz (“thee”), from Proto-Indo-European *te (“second-person singular pronoun”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian die (“thee”), West Frisian dy (“thee”), German Low German di (“thee”), German dir (“thee”, dative pron.), Icelandic þér (“thee”). More at thou.

inh

[H]e immediately perceived when I was taken ill, and, after seeing Mama, said to me "I am afraid Thee art not well thyself?"

1773, Frances Burney, Journals & Letters, Penguin 2001, page 23:

"He says he's our man, Bildad," said Peleg, "he wants to ship."
"Dost thee?" said Bildad, in a hollow tone

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “The Ship”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC, page 84:

"What does thee want, father?" said Rachel.

1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin:


give

en-verb

give (third-person singular simple present gives, present participle giving, simple past gave, past participle given)

gives (present singular third-person)
giving (participle present)
gave (past)
given (participle past)
give (infinitive)

From Middle English given, from Old Norse gefa (“to give”), from Proto-Germanic *gebaną (“to give”). Merged with native Middle English yiven, ȝeven, from Old English ġiefan, from the same Proto-Germanic source (compare the obsolete inherited English doublet yive).

give a man a fish and you feed him for a day

teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime

give him enough rope and he'll hang himself

give someone an inch and someone will take a mile

give them an inch and they'll take a mile

give them an inch and they'll take an ell

give with one hand and take away with the other

These are the statutes and judgments, which ye shall observe to do in the land, which the Lᴏʀᴅ God of thy fathers giveth thee to possess it, all the days that ye live upon the earth.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Deuteronomy 12:1:

once again
'Tis given me to behold my friend.

1700, Nicholas Rowe, The Ambitious Stepmother, page 13:

Then give thy friend to shed the sacred wine.

1725, Homer, “Book III”, in [Alexander Pope], transl., The Odyssey of Homer. […], volume I, London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC:

(dated or religion) To grant power, permission, destiny, etc. (especially to a person); to allot; to allow.


POW

place of worship
place of worship#English

(religion) Initialism of place of worship.


Hebrew

From Middle English Ebreu, from Old French Ebreu, from Latin hebraeus or hebraicus, from Ancient Greek Ἑβραῖος (Hebraîos), from Aramaic עִבְרַי (ʿiḇray), from Hebrew עִבְרִי (ʿiḇrī́).

der

Hebrew עִבְרִי (ʿiḇrī́)

Of or pertaining to the Hebrew people or language.


Hebrew

en-noun

Hebrew (countable and uncountable, plural Hebrews)

der

Hebrew עִבְרִי (ʿiḇrī́)

(countable) A member or descendant of a Semitic people claiming descent from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

(countable) A descendant of the biblical Patriarch Eber.

(uncountable) The Semitic language spoken by the Hebrew people.


MIA

(Mormonism) Initialism of Mutual Improvement Association.


Jupiter

From Latin Iūpiter (“father Jove”), from Proto-Italic *djous patēr (literally “sky father”) (cognate with Ancient Greek Ζεῦ πάτερ (Zeû páter, “father Zeus”)), from *djous (“day, sky”) + *patēr (“father”), from Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws (literally “the bright one”), from *dyew- (“to be bright, day sky”), and *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Doublet of Dyaus Pita.

der

(Roman mythology) The King of the Gods, also called Jove. Equivalent to the Greek Zeus, Jupiter was one of the children of Saturn. As supreme god of the Roman pantheon, Jupiter was the god of thunder, lightning, and storms, and appropriately called the god of light and sky.


Quaker

From quake + -er; a name given to members of the Religious Society of Friends, supposedly by the magistrates Gervase Bennet and Nathaniel Barton, when George Fox "bade them tremble at the word of the Lord"; the term was previously applied to certain people who trembled or quaked during religious devotions.

The demon of fanaticism was the shape which it took with us; and verily, what with religious republicans, harmonists, quakers, fifth-monarchy men, Presbyterians, and the reign of the saints upon earth, it needs the strong hand of a Cromwell to reduce the spiritual chaos to any sort of order.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter III, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 35:

A believer of the Quaker faith and a member of the Society of Friends, known for their pacifist views.


cast

en-verb

cast (third-person singular simple present casts, present participle casting, simple past and past participle cast or (nonstandard) casted)

casts (present singular third-person)
casting (participle present)
cast (participle past)
cast (past)
casted (nonstandard participle past)
casted (nonstandard past)
cast (infinitive)

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *kas-
Proto-Germanic *kastōną
Old Norse kastabor.
Middle English casten
English cast
From Middle English casten, from Old Norse kasta (“to throw, cast, overturn”), from Proto-Germanic *kastōną (“to throw, cast”), of unknown origin.
Cognate with Scots cast (“to cast, throw”), Danish kaste (“to throw”), Swedish kasta (“to throw, cast, fling, toss, discard”), Icelandic kasta (“to pitch, toss”). In the sense of "flinging", displaced native warp.
The senses relating to broadcasting are based on that same term; compare -cast.

cog

let he who is without sin cast the first stone

let him that is without sin cast the first stone

let him who is without sin cast the first stone

he is […] a perfect astrologer, that can cast the rise and fall of others, and mark their errant motions to his own use.

, vol.1, New York Review of Books, 2001, p.309

John Gadbury confessed that Mrs Cellier, ‘the Popish Midwife’, had asked him to cast the King's nativity, although the astrology claimed to have refused to do so.

1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 332:

He did the washing up and stayed behind to watch the dinner cook while she hopped off with a friend to have her horoscope cast by another friend.

1985, Lawrence Durrell, Quinx, Faber & Faber 2004 (Avignon Quintet), p.1197

(social) To predict, to decide, to plan.

(astrology) To calculate the astrological value of (a horoscope, birth etc.).

laatia

astrology: to calculate the astrological value of

(Wicca) To open a circle in order to begin a spell or meeting of witches.


general

en-noun

general (countable and uncountable, plural generals)

From Middle English general, in turn from Anglo-Norman general, generall, Middle French general, and their source, Latin generālis, from genus (“class, kind”) + -ālis (“-al”); thus morphologically parallel with, and a doublet of, generic.

(Christianity) The head of certain religious orders, especially Dominicans or Jesuits.


nature

nature (countable and uncountable, plural natures)

/ˈneɪ̯.t͡ʃəɹ/

From Middle English nature, natur, from Old French nature, from Latin nātūra (“birth, origin, natural constitution or quality”), future participle from perfect passive participle (g)natus (“born”), from deponent verb (g)nasci (“to be born, originate”) + future participle suffix -urus.
Displaced native Middle English erd (“character, nature, disposition”) from Old English eard (compare German Art (“nature, character, kind, type”)); and Middle English kinde, ikinde (“character, disposition, nature”) from Old English ġecynd. More at kind.

der

birth, origin, natural constitution or quality

ncog

Middle English erd (“character, nature, disposition”)

German Art (“nature, character, kind, type”)

the wolf may lose his teeth but never his nature

I oft admire
How Nature, wise and frugal, could commit
Such disproportions.

1667, John Milton, “Book VIII”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

In the works of nature we find, in many instances, beauty and sublimity involved among circumstances, which are either indifferent, or which obstruct the general effect: and it is only by a train of experiments, that we can separate those circumstances from the rest... Accordingly, the inexperienced artist, when he copies nature, will copy her servilely... and the beauties of his performances will be encumbered with a number of superfluous or disagreeable concomitants. Experience and observation alone can enable him to make this determination: to exhibit the principles of beauty pure and unadulterated, and to form a creation of his own, more faultless, than ever fell under the observation of his senses.

1808, Dugald Stewart, Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind, pages 315–6:

Most persons in striving after effect lose the likeness when they should go together to produce a good effect you must copy Nature: leave Nature for an imaginary effect & you lose all. Nature as Nature cannot be exceeded, and as your object it [is] to copy Nature twere the hight of folly to look at any thing else to produce that copy.

1816, Matthew Harris Jouett, Notes... on Painting with Gilbert Stuart Esqr:

Nature has caprices which art cannot imitate.

1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 6, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:

Nothing was more common, in those days, than to interpret all meteoric appearances, and other natural phenomena, that occurred with less regularity than the rise and set of sun and moon, as so many revelations from a supernatural source... But what shall we say, when an individual discovers a revelation, addressed to himself alone, on the same vast sheet of record! In such a case, it could only be the symptom of a highly disordered mental state, when a man, rendered morbidly self-contemplative by long, intense, and secret pain, had extended his egotism over the whole expanse of nature, until the firmament itself should appear no more than a fitting page for his soul's history and fate.

1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter, a Romance, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor, Reed, and Fields, →OCLC, pages 186–7:

Nature has good intentions, of course, but, as Aristotle once said, she cannot carry them out. When I look at a landscape I cannot help seeing all its defects.

Nature’s logic was too horrid for him to care for.

1895, Thomas Hardy, Jude the Obscure, page 15:

...they will shout at you, it is no use protesting: it is a case of twice two makes four! Nature does not ask your permission, she has nothing to do with your wishes, and whether you like her laws or dislike them, you are bound to accept her as she is, and consequently all her conclusions. A wall, you see, is a wall... Merciful Heavens! but what do I care for the laws of nature and arithmetic, when, for some reason I dislike those laws and the fact that twice two makes four? Of course I cannot break through the wall by battering my head against it if I really have not the strength to knock it down, but I am not going to be reconciled to it simply because it is a stone wall and I have not the strength.

1918, Fyodor Dostoevsky, “Notes from Underground”, in Constance Garnett, transl., White Nights and Other Stories, pages 58–9:

Man was entirely at the mercy of nature—a mere scavenger who eked out a miserable existence as a food-gatherer and an eater of shell-fish.

1928, Christopher Dawson, The Age of the Gods, page 49:

Freamon: She too young for you, boy... They get younger, William. Skinnier too. You don't... 's just the nature of things. Age is age, fat is fat, nature’s nature.
Moreland: Pitiful.
Freamon: Pitiless. Nature don't care. Nature just is.

2006 Oct. 1, Dennis Lehane, "Refugees", The Wire, 00:34:06

As in much of biology, the most satisfying truths in ecology derive from manipulative experimentation. Tinker with nature and quantify how it responds.

2012 January 14, Robert M. Pringle, “How to Be Manipulative”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, page 31:

Gómez Ortega... explicitly ordered them to study only fresh plants, in situ, to draw every part, and 'to copy nature exactly without presuming to correct it or decorate it as some draughtsmen are used to doing, adding colours and ornaments drawn from their imagination'.

2015, Alisa Luxenberg, “Printing Plants: The Technology of Nature Printing in Eighteenth-Century Spain”, in Art, Technology, and Nature, page 140:

As Hurricane Irma prepares to strike, it's worth remembering that Mother Nature never intended us to live here.

2017 Sept. 8, Michael Grunwald, "A Requiem for Florida" in Politico Magazine

The tao of Lao Tzu was a cosmic tao, inner and unwritten, a tao of Nature, while the tao of Confucius was moral and written.

2021, Olof G. Lidin, From Taoism to Einstein, page 196:

Nature doesn't lie.

The laws of nature are written in the language of mathematics.

Tectonic activity is part of nature, so there's no way to stop earthquakes.

(uncountable, often capitalized) The way things are, the totality of all things in the physical universe and their order, especially the physical world in contrast to spiritual realms and flora and fauna as distinct from human conventions, art, and technology.

自然

chū-liân / chīr-liân / chū-jiân / chī-liân

Vliss.: ... One touch of nature makes the whole world kin,
That all with one consent praise new-borne gaudes,
Though they are made and moulded of things past,
And goe to dust, that is a little guilt,
More laud then guilt ore-dusted.

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act TROILUS AND CRESSIDA, scene iii], page iii:

Lady. ...Glamys thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be
What thou art promis'd: yet doe I feare thy Nature,
It is too full o'th' Milke of humane kindnesse,
To catch the neerest way.

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v]:

Nature passes norture.

1641, David Fergusson, Scottish proverbs, D4:

Men may change their Climate, but they cannot their Nature.

Domestic animals of a base nature and not fit for food, are not the subjects of theft. This rule includes dogs and cats.

1834, Criminal Law Commission, First Report... on Criminal Law, page 21:

His own better nature which... was magnanimous and heroic, moved and won him.

1848, Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Harold, volume III, page 375:

The Monophysites held that the two Natures were so united, that although the 'One Christ' was partly Human and partly Divine, His two Natures became by their union only one Nature.

1874, John Henry Blunt, Dictionary of Sects..., page 332:

Mark hardly knew whether to believe this or not. He already began to suspect that Roswell was something of a humbug, and though it was not in his nature to form a causeless dislike, he certainly did not feel disposed to like Roswell.

1869, Horatio Alger Jr., Mark the Match Boy, Ch. 16:

The phrase ‘nature and nurture’ is a convenient jingle of words, for it separates under two distinct heads the innumerable elements of which personality is composed.

1874, Francis Galton, English Men of Science, page 12:

Being by nature of a cheerful disposition, the symptom did not surprise his servant, late private of the same famous regiment, who was laying breakfast in an adjoining room.

1920, Herman Cyril McNeile, chapter 1, in Bulldog Drummond:

The contrast between nature and grace, between human appetites and interests and religion, is not absolute, but relative.

1926, Richard Henry Tawney, Religion and the Rise of Capitalism, page 20:

Couples bitching at each other is human nature.

1961, Barry Crump, Hang on a Minute Mate, page 147:

Freamon: She too young for you, boy... They get younger, William. Skinnier too. You don't... 's just the nature of things. Age is age, fat is fat, nature's nature.
Moreland: Pitiful.
Freamon: Pitiless. Nature don't care. Nature just is.

Unlike the static conception of nature or nurture, epigenic research demonstrates how genes and environments continuously interact to produce characteristics throughout a lifetime.

2015 July 10, Evan Nesterak, "The End of Nature versus Nurture" in The Psych Report

It's not in my nature to steal.

You can't help feeling that way. It's human nature.

Power corrupts. That's just the nature of the beast.

The particular way someone or something is, especially

The essential or innate characteristics of a person or thing which will always tend to manifest, especially in contrast to specific contexts, reason, religious duty, upbringing, and personal pretense or effort.

Any such corrasiue, sharpe or eager medicine... as the said H. shal think his nature is vnable to suffer...

1592, William West, Symbolaeography, Pt. I, §102b:

For nature creſſant does not grovve alone / In thevvs and bulkes, but as this temple vvaxes, / The invvard ſervice of the minde and ſoule / Grovves vvide vvithal, […]

c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (Second Quarto), London: […] I[ames] R[oberts] for N[icholas] L[ing] […], published 1604, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:

For a human being's vital functions, increasing, do not grow alone / In physical development and bulk, but as this "temple" [i.e., the body] waxes, / The inward operation of the mind and soul / Grows wide with them.

I returned hungry... and had only snow to supply the calls of nature.

1807, Zebulon Pike, An Account of Expeditions to the Source of the Mississippi..., volume II, page 182:

The timber... is found to be brittle and effete; or, to use the workman's expression, 'its nature is gone'.

1820, Thomas Tredgold, Elementary Principles of Carpentry, page 165:

Nature is unable to repair the extensive injury.

The prison allowance will not support nature.

1843, George Henry Borrow, The Bible in Spain, volume III, page 47:

My iron’s just comin’ to natur’.

1895, T. Pinnock, Tom Brown's Black Country Annual...:

Hungry-groond, ground credited to be so much enchanted that a person passing over it would faint if they did not use something to support nature.

1984, William N. Herbert, Sterts & Stobies, page 30:

The vital functions or strength of someone or something, especially (now dialect) as requiring nourishment or careful maintenance or (medicine) as a force of regeneration without special treatment.

He withdrew from the Company to ease Nature.

1701, William Wotton, The History of Rome, page 328:

The women tell you to stop because they's feeling the call of nature. If you don't stop they pee in your lorry.

I hear the call of nature.

A requirement or powerful impulse of the body's physical form, especially

If a man want to break his wife from some man, he steals this dishcloth... an' he ketches her nachure in this dishcloth...

c. 1938, spell cited in Harry Middleton Hyatt, Hoodoo Conjuration Witchcraft Rootwork, Vol. I, p. 534

(now rare) A product of the body's physical form, especially semen and vaginal fluids, menstrual fluid, and (obsolete) feces.


know

en-verb

know (third-person singular simple present knows, present participle knowing, simple past knew or (nonstandard) knowed, past participle known or (colloquial and nonstandard) knew)

knows (present singular third-person)
knowing (participle present)
knew (past)
knowed (nonstandard past)
known (participle past)
knew (colloquial nonstandard participle past)
know (infinitive)

From Middle English knowen, from Old English cnāwan (“to know, perceive, recognise”), from Proto-West Germanic *knāan, from Proto-Germanic *knēaną (“to know”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).
cognates
* from Proto-Germanic: Scots knaw (“to know, recognise”), Icelandic kná (“to know, know how to, be able”), Old High German knājan (“to know, recognise”), Old Norse kná (“to know how”). Remotely related also Dutch and German kennen, West Frisian kenne (see English ken).
* from Indo-European: Latin gnoscō, Latin cognoscō (Spanish conocer, French connaître, Italian conoscere, Portuguese conhecer), Ancient Greek γνωρίζω (gnōrízō, “I know”) and γνῶσις (gnôsis, “knowledge”), Albanian njoh (“I know, recognise”), Russian знать (znatʹ, “to know”), Lithuanian žinoti (“to know”), and Persian شناختن (šenâxtan, “to know”).

...に精通している

...にせいつうしている

better the devil you know (than the devil you don't; than the one you don't

know one's ass from a hole in the ground

know one's head from a hole in the ground

know the difference between one's ass and a hole in the ground

know which side one's bread is buttered on

that's for me to know and you to find out

the devil we know is better than the devil we don't know

the devil you know is better than the devil you don't know

the left hand doesn't know what the right hand is doing

you don't know what you're talking about

you don't need a weatherman to know which way the wind blows

you never know what you've got till it's gone

AFterwarde the man knewe Heuáh his wife, which cõceiued & bare Káin, & ſaid, I haue obteined a man by yͤ Lord.

1560, [William Whittingham et al., transl.], The Bible and Holy Scriptures Conteyned in the Olde and Newe Testament. […] (the Geneva Bible), Geneva: […] Rouland Hall, →OCLC, Genesis IIII:1, folio 2, verso:

Now Gerald had never thought of her having a mother. Then there must have been a father, too, some time. And Miss Wilmarth existed because two people once had loved and known. It was not a thought to dwell upon.

1939, Dorothy Parker, “Horsie,”, in Here lies: The collected stories of Dorothy Parker:

Wait a second. Are you… attempting to know me?

2003 May 11, Garland Testa, 19:37 from the start, in Gary McCarver, director, Night and Deity (King of the Hill), season 7, episode 21, spoken by Dale Gribble (Johnny Hardwick), 20th Century Fox:

know someone in the biblical sense
know someone in the biblical sense

(transitive) To be acquainted or familiar with; to have encountered.

(transitive, archaic, biblical, euphemistic) To have sexual relations with. This meaning normally specified in modern English as e.g. to ’know someone in the biblical sense’ or to ‘know biblically.’


apple

Book of Genesis
Frans Floris
Malmö Art Museum
The Fall of Man

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl
Proto-Germanic *aplaz
Proto-West Germanic *applu
Old English æppel
Middle English appel
English apple
The noun is derived from Middle English appel (“Malus domestica fruit or tree, apple; any type of fruit, nut, or tuber; tree bearing fruit; (figurative) ball, sphere; (Christianity) forbidden fruit in Eden”), from Old English æppel (“apple; any type of fruit; (figurative) ball, sphere; eyeball”), from Proto-West Germanic *applu (“apple; any type of fruit”), from Proto-Germanic *aplaz (“apple; any type of fruit”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl, *h₂ébl̥ (“apple”).
As regards sense 1.4 (“forbidden fruit”), the type of fruit eaten by Adam and Eve is not identified in the Book of Genesis in the Bible. It may have come to be identified with the apple because of the similarity between Latin mālum (“apple”) and malum (“evil; misery, torment; wrongdoing”).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Cognates
Cognate with Danish æble, Dutch appel, German Apfel, Irish úll, Lithuanian óbuolỹs, Russian я́блоко (jábloko), Scots aipple, Swedish äpple, Welsh afal, West Frisian apel, possibly Ancient Greek ἄμπελος (ámpelos, “vine”).

ref

From the collection of the Malmö Art Museum in Malmö, Scania, Sweden.

чӏва

common, firm, round fruit produced by a tree of the genus Malus; fruit of the tree Malus domestica

omena

something which resembles the fruit of Malus domestica in shape or colour

the apple doesn't fall far from the tree

the apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest

Him [man] by fraud I [Satan] have ſeduc'd / From his Creator, and the more to increaſe / Your vvonder, vvith an Apple; […]

1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, signature [Ll4], recto, lines 485–487:

I read and re-read her letter, and some softened feelings stole into my heart, and dared to whisper paradisiacal dreams of love and joy; but the apple was already eaten, and the angel's arm bared to drive me from all hope.

1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter V, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume III, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 102:

Yes, of all human follies, love, / Methinks, hath served me best. / The Apple had done but little for me / If Eve had not done the rest.

1829, Robert Southey, “All for Love, or A Sinner Well Saved. Canto II.”, in All for Love; and The Pilgrim to Compostela, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 20:

Yes, fair Eve, just as Adam ate the apple, so beware!

1871, Harriet Beecher Stowe, “Congratulations, etc.”, in My Wife and I: Or, Harry Henderson’s History, New York, N.Y.: J. B. Ford and Company, →OCLC, page 399:

Yes mam. Woman ate the apple, and discovered sex, and lost all shame, and lift^([sic]) up her fig-leaf, and she must suffer the pains of hell. Monthly.

1975 (date written), Barry Reckord, “White Witch”, in For the Reckord: A Collection of Three Plays, London: Oberon Books, published 2010, →ISBN:

Sharon you've got a husband / And a family and a farm / I've got the apple of temptation / And a diamond snake around my arm

1976, Joni Mitchell (lyrics and music), “Song for Sharon”, in Hejira, Los Angeles, Calif.: Asylum Records, →OCLC:

A common, firm, round fruit produced by a tree of the genus Malus.

(Christianity) According to postbiblical Christian tradition, the fruit of the tree of knowledge which was eaten by Adam and Eve despite God commanding them not to do so; the forbidden fruit.


quarantine

Cuban Missile Crisis
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
Louis IX of France
quarantine

From Medieval Latin quarentena and quarentīna (“40-day period, Lent”) via Middle English quarentine, Norman quarenteine, French quarenteine, and Italian quarantina, via proposed Late Latin *quaranta + -ēna (forming distributive adjectives), from Latin quadrāgintā (“four tens, 40”). Doublet of carene and quadragene.
In reference to French politics, calque of French quarantaine after edicts of Louis IX. In reference to a severance of political relations, popularized by the Roosevelt administration's 1937 approach to the Axis powers and the later Kennedy administration's 1962 approach to Cuba during the missile crisis.

By yonde ys a wyldernys of quarentyne,
Wher Cryst wyth fastyng hys body dyd pyne;
In that holy place, as we rede,
The deuyl wold had of stonys bred.

c. 1470, William Wey, The Itineraries, page 14:

(Christianity, obsolete) Alternative letter-case form of Quarantine: the Mount of Temptation where Jesus Christ supposedly fasted for 40 days, Jebel Quruntul near Jericho.


species

en-noun

species (countable and uncountable, plural species or (rare, nonstandard) specieses)

species (plural)
specieses (nonstandard plural rare)

From Latin speciēs (“appearance; quality”), from speciō (“see”) + -iēs suffix signifying abstract noun. Doublet of spice.

(Christianity) Either of the two elements of the Eucharist after they have been consecrated.

espècie

the Eucharist after consecration in Catholicism


rite

Via Middle English and Old French, from Latin ritus.


write

en-verb

write (third-person singular simple present writes, present participle writing, simple past wrote or (archaic) writ, past participle written or (archaic) writ or (obsolete) ywriten)

writes (present singular third-person)
writing (participle present)
wrote (past)
writ (archaic past)
or (archaic) writ (literary participle past)
ywriten (literary obsolete participle past)
write (infinitive)

From Middle English writen, from Old English wrītan, from Proto-West Germanic *wrītan, from Proto-Germanic *wrītaną (“to carve, write”), from Proto-Indo-European *wrey- (“to rip, tear”).
Cognate with West Frisian write (“to wear by rubbing, rip, tear”), Dutch wrijten (“to argue, quarrel”), Middle Low German wrîten (“to scratch, draw, write”) (> Low German wrieten, rieten (“to tear, split”)), German reißen (“to tear, rip”), Norwegian rita (“to rough-sketch, carve, write”), Swedish rita (“to draw, design, delineate, model”), Icelandic rita (“to cut, scratch, write”), German ritzen (“to carve, scratch”), Proto-Slavic *ryti (“to carve, engrave, dig”), Polish ryć (“to engrave, dig”), Czech rýt (“to engrave, dig”). See also rit and rat.

cog

(chiefly Eastern Orthodoxy) To paint a religious icon.


church

en-noun

church (countable and uncountable, plural churches)

Pijin: sios

Tok Pisin: sios

→ Hausa: cōcì

→ Hindi: चर्च (carc)

→ Limburgish: sjoeëtsj, sjuutsj

From Middle English chirche, from Old English ċiriċe (“church”), from Proto-West Germanic *kirikā, an early borrowing of Ancient Greek κυριακόν (kuriakón), neuter form of κυριακός (kuriakós, “belonging to the lord”), from κύριος (kúrios, “ruler, lord”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁- (“to swell, spread out, be strong, prevail”). Doublet of kirk.
additional etymological information
 For vowel evolution, see bury. Ancient Greek κυριακόν (kuriakón) was used of houses of Christian worship since circa 300 CE, especially in the East, though it was less common in this sense than ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía, “congregation”) or βασιλική (basilikḗ, “royal thing”). An example of the direct Greek-to-Germanic progress of many Christian words, possibly via the Goths; it was probably used by West Germanic people in their pre-Christian period. Cognate with Scots kirk (“church”), West Frisian tsjerke (“church”), Saterland Frisian Säärke (“church”), Dutch kerk (“church”), German Kirche (“church”), Danish kirke (“church”), Swedish kyrka (“church”), Norwegian Bokmål kirke, Norwegian Nynorsk kyrkje (“church”), and Icelandic kirkja (“church”). Also picked up by Slavic, via Old High German chirihha (compare Old Church Slavonic црькꙑ (crĭky), Bulgarian църква (cǎrkva), Russian це́рковь (cérkovʹ)). Romance and Celtic languages use descendants of Latin ecclēsia.

der

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

at church every time the doors swing open

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class VI § 983a. Orthodoxy

Appendix:Moby Thesaurus II/39 § High Church

There is a lovely little church in the valley.

This building used to be a church before being converted into a library.

He got the message and was in church the next Sunday. We need to stay in church with the fellowship of others in order to keep the fire of faith burning brightly.

2007, John R. Dodd, Bucky and Friends, page 117:

(countable, Christianity) A Christian house of worship; a building where Christian religious services take place.


church

en-verb

church (third-person singular simple present churches, present participle churching, simple past and past participle churched)

churches (present singular third-person)
churching (participle present)
churched (participle past)
churched (past)

Thenne after this lady was delyuerd and chirched / there came a knyghte vnto her / his name was sire Bromel la pleche / the whiche was a grete lord and he hadde loued that lady longe / and he euermore desyred her to wedde her / and soo by no meane she coude putte hym of

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “Tercium”, in Le Morte Darthur, book XI (in Middle English):

Nor did it [the Church] accept that the woman should stay indoors until she had been churched.

1971, Keith Thomas, Religion and the Decline of Magic, Folio Society, published 2012, page 36:

(transitive, Christianity, now historical) To conduct a religious service for (a woman after childbirth, or a newly married couple).


queen

Tok Pisin: kwin

desc

⇒ American Sign Language: G@Shoulder-PalmDown G@Abdomen-PalmDown

→ Burmese: ကွင်း (kwang:)

→ German: Queen

→ Japanese: クイーン (kuīn), クィーン (kwīn)

→ Korean: 퀸 (kwin)

→ Marshallese: kwiin

→ Sikaiana: kuini

→ Spanish: cuina

→ Thai: ควีน (kwiin)

From Middle English quene, queen, cwen, from Old English cwēn (“queen”), from Proto-West Germanic *kwāni, from Proto-Germanic *kwēniz (“woman”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷénh₂s (“woman”).
Cognate with Scots queen, wheen (“queen”), Old Saxon quān ("wife"; > Middle Low German quene (“elderly woman”)), Dutch kween (“woman past child-bearing age”), Swedish kvinna (“woman”), Norwegian kvinne (“woman”), Danish kvinde (“woman”), Icelandic kvon (“wife”), Gothic 𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃 (qēns, “wife”), Norwegian dialectal kvån (“wife”). Related to and possibly merged with and/or absorbed some senses of English quean, from Middle English quene, from Old English cwene (“woman; female serf, quean”), see quean. Generally eclipsed non-native Middle English regina (“queen”), borrowed from Latin rēgīna (“queen”) (see Modern English regina). Doublet of quean and gyne.

gloss

"wife"; > Middle Low German <i class="Latn mention" lang="gml">quene</i> (“elderly woman”)

cog

[…] and yet I will not ſay but amongſt duſt there is Pearle found, and in hard rockes Dyamonds of great value, and ſo amongſt many women there are ſome good, as that gracious and glorious Queene of all woman kinde the Virgin Mary the mother of al bliſſe, what wun her honour, but an humble minde and her paines and loue vnto our Sauiour Chriſt.

1620, Thomas Tell-Troth [pseudonym of Joseph Swetnam], The Araignment of Lewd, Idle, Froward, and Unconstant Women: Or the Vanitie of Them, Choose You Whether, London, published 1807, retrieved 2022-01-14:

A woman whose pre-eminence, power, or forcefulness is comparable to that of a queen.

(Christianity) The Virgin Mary (especially in formulations such as Queen of Heaven, Queen of Glory).


clergy

From Middle English clergie (attested in the 13th century), from Old French clergié (“learned men”), from Late Latin clēricātus, from Latin clēricus (“one ordained for religious services”), from Ancient Greek κληρικός (klērikós, “of the clergy”).

der

Today we brought together clergy from the Wiccan, Christian, New Age and Islamic traditions for an interfaith dialogue.

Then everybody once more knelt, and soon the blessing was pronounced. The choir and the clergy trooped out slowly, […], down the nave to the western door. […] At a seemingly immense distance the surpliced group stopped to say the last prayer.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

Body of persons, such as priests, who are trained and ordained for religious service.

духаве́нства

people trained to officiate at religious ceremonies and services


action

en-noun

action (countable and uncountable, plural actions)

→ Arabic: أَكْشِن (ʔakšin)

→ Bulgarian: екшън (ekšǎn)

→ German: Action

→ Irish: aicsean

→ Hebrew: אקשן (akshn)

→ Japanese: アクション (akushon)

→ Korean: 액션 (aeksyeon)

→ Russian: экшн (ekšn)

From Middle English accion, from Old French aucion, acciun, from Latin āctiō(n) (“act of doing or making”), from āctus + action suffix -iō(n), perfect passive participle of agere (“do, act”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵeti; see also act, active. By surface analysis, act + -ion.

der

The Action Sermon is quite simply, then, the eucharistic sermon.

2008, Duncan B. Forrester, Doug Gay, Worship and Liturgy in Context, scm Press, page 88:

(Christianity) A religious performance or solemn function, i.e. action sermon, a sacramental sermon in the Scots Presbyterian Church.


Yahweh

The usual form of the ancient West Semitic (Hebrew) יהוה used in scholarship.
Used especially in discussions of the religion of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah.
The spelling Jahweh was used in German since the 1850s. The spelling Yahweh in English (ensuring the pronunciation of the initial consonant as /j/) first appears in the 1860s, e.g. in the Herald of the Kingdom and Age to Come edited by John Thomas, founder of the Antipas Christadelphians (vol. X. no. 1, Westchester, NY, January 1860). First appeared in English Bible translations for the Tetragrammaton in the 1902 Emphasized Bible (EBR).

1913 "No certain evidence for the pre-Mosaic use of the form Yahweh … seems yet to have been brought forward." (H. W. Robinson, Religious Ideas of Old Testament, 3.53)

We are too much men and women; we are yet formed in the image of the Creator, and what can we say of Him with any certainty except that He, whoever He may be—Christ, Yahweh, Allah—He made us, did He not, because even He in His Infinite Perfection could not bear to be alone.

1998, Anne Rice, The Vampire Armand, New York: Knopf, →ISBN, →OL, page 273:

(history of religion) The name of the God of Israel worshipped by the Jahwist prophets in the kingdoms of Israel and Judah in antiquity.

1985 "At the time when Yahweh God made earth and heaven" (New Jerusalem Bible, Genesis 2:4)

(biblical) In "Sacred Name Bibles", a transliteration of the Tetragrammaton.


regular

en-adj

regular (comparative more regular, superlative most regular)

more regular (comparative)
most regular (superlative)

/ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə/

/ˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/

[ˈɹɛɡ.jɪ̈.lɚ]

From Middle English reguler, from Anglo-Norman reguler, Middle French reguler, regulier, and their source, Latin rēgulāris (“continuing rules for guidance”), from rēgula (“rule”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *reg- (“move in a straight line”).

register

not etymologically related but has semantic associations

regular clergy, in distinction from the secular clergy

A quarter of a million strong in 1680, the clergy was only half as large in 1789. The unpopular regular clergy were the worst affected.

2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, page 201:

(Christianity) Bound by religious rule; belonging to a monastic or religious order (often as opposed to secular).


see

en-verb

see (third-person singular simple present sees, present participle seeing, simple past saw or (dialectal) seen or (dialectal) seent or (dialectal) seed, past participle seen or (dialectal) seent or (dialectal) seed or (dialectal) saw)

sees (present singular third-person)
seeing (participle present)
saw (past)
seen (dialectal past)
seent (dialectal past)
seed (dialectal past)
seen (participle past)
seent (dialectal participle past)
seed (dialectal participle past)
saw (dialectal participle past)
see (infinitive)

From Middle English seen, from Old English sēon (“to see, look, behold, perceive, observe, discern, understand, know”), from Proto-West Germanic *sehwan, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną (“to see”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian sjen (“to see”), Dutch zien (“to see”), Low German sehn, German sehen (“to see”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian Bokmål se (“to see”), Norwegian Nynorsk sjå (“to see”), and more distantly with Latin sīgnum (“sign, token”), Albanian shih (“look at, see”) imperative of shoh (“to see”).

der

is that a gun in your pocket or are you just pleased to see me

send it up the flagpole and see who salutes

that which has been seen cannot be unseen

there are none so blind as those who will not see

there's none so blind as those who will not see

throw things at the wall and see what sticks

I've been seeing her for two months.

"You're... remarrying? I didn't even know you were seeing someone. And she's going to live here?"

2022 September 9, Dan Shive, El Goonish Shive (webcomic), Comic for Friday, Sep 9, 2022:

(social) To meet, to visit.
To date frequently.

I saw the old lady safely across the road.

You can see yourself out.

And in this Name we overcome, for You shall see us safely home.

2020, Rich Thompson, Jonny Robinson (lyrics and music), “Your Will Be Done”:

(transitive) To wait upon; attend, escort.


see

From Middle English se, see, from Old French sie (“seat, throne; town, capital; episcopal see”), from Latin sedes (“seat”), referring to the bishop's throne or chair (compare seat of power) in the cathedral; related to the Latin verb sedere (“to sit”).

A diocese, archdiocese; a region of a church, generally headed by a bishop or an archbishop.


habit

en-noun

habit (countable and uncountable, plural habits)

From Middle English habit, from Latin habitus (“condition, bearing, state, appearance, dress, attire”), from habeō (“I have, hold, keep”). Distantly related to gift. Replaced Middle English abit, from Old French abit, itself from the same Latin source. Displaced native Old English þēaw.

der

It’s become a habit of mine to have a cup of coffee after dinner.

a man of very shy, retired habits

1824, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], Tales of a Traveller, (please specify |part=1 to 4), Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea, […], →OCLC:

Irregular bedtimes may disrupt healthy brain development in young children, according to a study of intelligence and sleeping habits. ¶ Going to bed at a different time each night affected girls more than boys, but both fared worse on mental tasks than children who had a set bedtime, researchers found.

2013 July 19, Ian Sample, “Irregular bedtimes may affect children's brains”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 6, page 34:


martyr

en-verb

martyr (third-person singular simple present martyrs, present participle martyring, simple past and past participle martyred)

martyrs (present singular third-person)
martyring (participle present)
martyred (participle past)
martyred (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-martyr.wav

From Middle English martir, from Old English martyr, itself a borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).

(transitive) To make someone into a martyr by putting them to death for adhering to, or acting in accordance with, some belief, especially religious; to sacrifice on account of faith or profession.


Jehovah

→ Tokelauan: Ieova

/d͡ʒəˈhəʊ.və/

Transliteration of Hebrew יְהֹוָה (yəhōwā), the Masoretic vocalization of the Biblical Hebrew יהוה (variously pronounced).
The Masoretic vocalization is a so-called qere perpetuum, the deliberate insertion of the vowels of another word than the one represented by the consonant text, in this case אֲדֹנָי (“my lord”) ('Adonai').
Continuing earlier Iehoua. In English, the name is first attested in 1530, in Tyndale's Bible: I appeared vnto Abraham Isaac and Iacob an allmightie God: but in my name Iehouah was I not knowne vnto them (Exodus 6:3).
Tyndale used Iehouah instead of Wycliffe's Adonay. The KJV also has Jehovah in this verse specifically, while it uses Lord otherwise. Young's Literal Translation (1898) has Jehovah. The New King James Version (1982) has Lord.

2 And God spake vnto Moses, and said vnto him, I am the Lord.
3 And I appeared vnto Abraham, vnto Isaac, and vnto Iacob, by the Name of God Almighty, but by my name IEHOVAH was I not knowen to them.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Exodus 6:2–3:

After Serena Williams’ win at Wimbledon today, she will likely say — as she usually does after a big win — “I want to thank Jehovah God.”[…]
“I have to thank Jehovah God for this,” Serena Williams told the crowd after receiving the trophy at the Australian Open in January, her sixth win there.

2015 July 11, Kimberly Winston, “Serena Williams’ secret weapon: The surprising faith of the Wimbledon champ”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-07-14, Acts of Faith:

Stop! Stop, will you?! Stop that! Stop it! Now, look! No one is to stone anyone until I blow this whistle! Do you understand?! Even, and I want to make this absolutely clear, even if they do say Jehovah.

1979, Scene 5: Premature Ejection, in Monty Python's Life of Brian, spoken by High Priest (John Cleese):

יהוה יהוה#Hebrew

(religion) The personal name of God in the Hebrew Scriptures; in Hebrew, יהוה (YHVH)

Jehovah

transliteration of the Masoretic vocalization of the Tetragrammaton


NT

Coordinate term: OT

(Christianity) Initialism of New Testament.


mosque

From Middle French mosquée, from Italian moschea, ultimately from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid, literally “place of prostration”). Doublet of masjid.

der

There's a mosque near where I live.

(Islam) A place of worship for Muslims, often having at least one minaret; a masjid.


tract

From Middle English tract, tracte, traht (“a treatise, exposition, commentary”), from Old English traht, tract (“a treatise, exposition, commentary, text, passage”); and also from Middle English tract, tracte (“an expanse of space or time”); both from Latin tractus (“a haul, drawing, a drawing out”), the perfect passive participle of trahō. Doublet of trait.

(Roman Catholicism) Part of the proper of the liturgical celebration of the Eucharist for many Christian denominations, used instead of the alleluia during Lenten or pre-Lenten seasons, in a Requiem Mass, and on a few other penitential occasions.


sister

en-noun

sister (plural sisters or (archaic in most senses) sistren)

sisters (plural)
sistren (archaic plural)

desc

→ Gulf Arabic: سِسْتَر (sistar, “female nurse”)

→ Japanese: シスター (shisutā)

→ Korean: 시스터 (siseuteo)

PIE word
 *swésōr
From Middle English sister, suster, from Old English swustor, sweoster, sweostor (“sister, nun”); from Proto-Germanic *swestēr (“sister”), from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sister”).
Cognate with Scots sister, syster (“sister”), West Frisian sus, suster (“sister”), Dutch zuster (“sister”), German Schwester (“sister”), Norwegian Bokmål søster (“sister”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Swedish syster (“sister”), Icelandic systir (“sister”), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍂 (swistar, “sister”), Latin soror (“sister”), Russian сестра́ (sestrá, “sister”), Lithuanian sesuo (“sister”), Albanian vajzë (“girl, maiden”), Sanskrit स्वसृ (svásṛ, “sister”), Persian خواهر (xâhar, “sister”).
In standard English, the form with i is due to contamination with Old Norse systir (“sister”).
The plural sistren is from Middle English sistren, a variant plural of sister, suster (“sister”); compare brethren.

妹妹

mui⁶⁻⁴ mui⁶⁻²

Michelle left behind her bank job and became a sister at the local convent.

A female member of a religious order; especially one devoted to more active service; (informal) a nun.

suster

a nun; a female member of a religious community

Connie was very close to her friend Judy and considered her to be her sister.

Sisters are doing it for themselves / Standing on their own two feet

1985, “Sisters Are Doin’ It for Themselves”, in Who’s Zoomin' Who?, performed by Eurythmics and Aretha Franklin:

Any woman or girl with whom a bond is felt through the same biological sex, gender or common membership in a community, race, profession, religion, organization, or ism.

suster

any woman or girl with whom a bond is felt

abla

rude due to the implication of the woman being the older party

A fly sister rolled in with a suitcase full of hip-hop novels called The Glamorous Life, and an African brother with long dreads wanted to sell them some incense and some fake Jacob watches.

2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 169:

The short “naps” of the average Sister do not sway in the wind as that of a blonde.

2009, Rajen Persaud, Why Black Men Love White Women, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 171:

And now, social media has made it worse. From Facebook to Twitter, I get all kinds of invitations. Recently a sister inboxed me on Facebook and told me that she knew for a fact that I wanted her and she wanted me.

2014, J. L. King, Full Circle: Loving. Living. Life. After The Down Low:

(African-American Vernacular, slang, sometimes capitalized) A black woman.


RS

(Mormonism) Initialism of Relief Society.


handfast

en-verb

handfast (third-person singular simple present handfasts, present participle handfasting, simple past and past participle handfasted)

handfasts (present singular third-person)
handfasting (participle present)
handfasted (participle past)
handfasted (past)

From Middle English hondfast, past participle of Middle English hondfesten (“to betroth”), from Old Norse handfesta (“to strike a bargain, pledge”), itself from hönd (“hand”) + festa (“to fasten, fix, affirm”), perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European root *pHst-.

der

No, Sir Priest or Sir Preacher, Catherine is not my wife— […] she is not my wife, but she is handfasted with me, and that makes her as honest a woman. [...] When we are handfasted, as we term it, we are man and wife for a year and a day—that space gone by, each may chuse another mate, or, at their pleasure, may call the priest to marry them for life—and this we call handfasting.

1820 March, [Walter Scott], chapter XI, in The Monastery. A Romance. […], volume II, Edinburgh: […] Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and for Archibald Constable and Co., and John Ballantyne, […], →OCLC, pages 311–312:

Would the lass but consent to go abroad in the unhallowed place at this awful season and hour of the night, she was as firmly handfasted to the Devil as if she had signed a bond with her own blood; […]

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

(transitive, Scotland, archaic or historical except Wicca) To betroth by joining hands, in order to allow for cohabitation before the celebration of marriage; to marry provisionally.


handfast

A vyrgine made handfast to Christ.

1546, John Bale, The Actes of Englysh Votaries:

(obsolete) Fast by contract; betrothed by joining hands.


SP

en-noun

SP (countable and uncountable, plural SPs)

suppressive person
suppressive person#English

(Scientology) Initialism of suppressive person.


person

Nigerian Pidgin: pesin

From Middle English persoun, personne et al., from Anglo-Norman parsone, persoun et al. (Old French persone (“human being”), French personne), and its source Latin persōna (“mask used by actor; role, part, character”), perhaps a loanword from Etruscan 𐌘𐌄𐌓𐌔𐌖 (φersu, “mask”). In this sense, displaced native man, which came to mean primarily "adult male" in Middle English; see Old English mann. Doublet of parson and persona.

der

чолові́к m (čolovík) (now only means male (man) or husband)

yura

specifically a human being — see also human, human being, man

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class III § 372. Mankind

Appendix:Roget MICRA thesaurus/Class I § 3. Substantiality

three persons and one God

1892, Book of Common Prayer, The Litanie:

An individual who has been granted personhood; usually a human being.

(Christianity) Any one of the three hypostases of the Holy Trinity: the Father, Son, or Holy Spirit.

أُقْنُوم

Christianity: any one of the three hypostases of the God


MO

Modern Orthodox
w:Modern Orthodox Judaism

(Judaism) Initialism of Modern Orthodox.


khutbah

Save your khutbah for another time.

(Islam) A talk or sermon delivered in mosques before the Friday prayer, or at other special occasions.


priest

From Middle English prest, preest, from Old English prēost (“priest”), from Late Latin presbyter, from Ancient Greek πρεσβύτερος (presbúteros), from πρέσβυς (présbus, “elder, older”). Reinforced in Middle English by Old French prestre, also from Latin presbyter. Doublet of presbyter and prester.

The priest at the Catholic church heard his confession.

The Shinto priest burnt incense for his ancestors.

The Israelite priests were descended from Moses' brother Aaron.

It was a joy to snatch some brief respite, and find himself in the rectory drawing–room. Listening here was as pleasant as talking; just to watch was pleasant. The young priests who lived here wore cassocks and birettas; their faces were fine and mild, yet really strong, like the rector's face; and in their intercourse with him and his wife they seemed to be brothers.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter X, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

A religious clergyman (clergywoman, clergyperson) who is trained to perform services or sacrifices at a church or temple.

Pfaffe (jeder Christenmann sei ein Pfaffe)

Pfäffin (jedes Christenweib eine Pfäffin)

ксёндз

Polish Catholic priest (sometimes used in Catholic churches in Belarus and Ukraine)

(Mormonism) The highest office in the Aaronic priesthood.


soak

en-verb

soak (third-person singular simple present soaks, present participle soaking, simple past and past participle soaked)

soaks (present singular third-person)
soaking (participle present)
soaked (participle past)
soaked (past)

From Middle English soken, from Old English socian (“to soak, steep”, literally “to cause to suck (up)”), from Proto-Germanic *sukōną (“to soak”), causative of Proto-Germanic *sūkaną (“to suck”). Cognate with Middle Dutch soken (“to cause to suck”). More at suck.

inh

(slang, chiefly Mormonism) To engage in penetrative sex without hip thrusting.


om

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit ओम् (om) (symbol ॐ (oṃ)). The former (om) is used in both Buddhist and Hindu settings, while the latter (aum) is usually used only in Jain and Hindu settings.

lbor

In fact it sounded exactly like the voice of Livia, her vanished sister, and, like her, it was intoning the Aum just as she used once to do at the beginning of her yoga sessions.

1982, Lawrence Durrell, Constance (Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber, published 2004, page 800:

Om is pronounced "a-a-o-o-u-u-m-m" and is repeated slowly for as long as possible.

2001 October 20, Hazel Curry, The Guardian:

(Hinduism, Buddhism) A sacred, mystical syllable used in prayer and meditation.


brother

en-noun

brother (plural brothers or (archaic in most senses) brethren)

brothers (plural)
brethren (archaic plural)

Bahamian Creole: bredda

Belizean Creole: breda

Bislama: brata

Cameroon Pidgin: bro̱da

Gullah: broda

desctree

Hawaiian Creole: braddah
→ English: braddah

Islander Creole English: broda

Kabuverdianu: bróda

Krio: brohda

Nicaraguan Creole: brada

Nigerian Pidgin: broda

Pichinglis: brɔda

Pijin: brata

Saramaccan: baáa

Sranan Tongo: brada
Aukan: baala
Saramaccan: baaa
→ Dutch: brada

Tok Pisin: brata, barata

→ Japanese: ブラザー

→ Korean: 브라더 (beuradeo)

→ Portuguese: brada, brother

PIE word
 *bʰréh₂tēr
Inherited from Middle English brother, from Old English brōþor, from Proto-West Germanic *brōþer, from Proto-Germanic *brōþēr, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr. Doublet of bhai, frater, friar, and pal.

弟弟

dai⁶⁻⁴ dai⁶⁻²

ağa

elder brother; in the northern dialect: aqa

ах дүү

brothers in general but including both elder and younger brothers

Son of the same parents as another person.

A male having at least one parent in common with another (see half-brother, stepbrother).

You shall not charge interest to your brother—interest on money or food or anything that is lent out at interest.

1975, New King James Version, Deuteronomy 23:19

Thank you, brother.

I would like to thank the brother who just spoke.

A male fellow member of a religious community, church, trades union etc.

եղբայր

Brother, can you spare a dime?

Listen, brother, I don't know what you want, but I’m not interested.

[Michael Jackson] went on television and said, “I don't have sex because of my religious beliefs”, and the public believed it. I know brothers was like “get the fuck out of here!”. And white people, “Michael's a special kinda guy!”

1987, Eddie Murphy Raw, spoken by Eddie Murphy:

SPIN: Aren't you both as popular with white people as black people?
L.L.: Oh, no question. But I've always said, that's why when people say, "L.L., hey, like, on the last album, you sold out," I say, "Yo, can I ask you a question, Mike Tyson sell out?" "No, he's a brother." I say, he's a cross-over artist. He went pop. You know what I'm saying? I mean, the rap audience [...] they have to understand that their music is for all people. Me personally, I don't think it's about being black or white, […]

1991 January, SPIN, volume 6, number 10, page 58:

The white cop grilled me. He was tall, but had a stomach like a pregnant woman. The other two were brothers, and they looked like they just didn't wanna be standing there.

2006, Noire [pseudonym], Thug-A-Licious: An Urban Erotic Tale, New York, N.Y.: One World, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 148:

But damn if they knew when to just leave a brother alone and let him sulk in silence.

(African-American Vernacular) A fellow black man.


Victoria

en-proper noun

Victoria (countable and uncountable, plural Victorias or Victoriae)

From Latin Victōria, from victōria (“victory”). Doublet of Vitória. The given name can also be analyzed as the male name Victor + -ia. The places were named in honour of Queen Victoria of Great Britain.

(Roman mythology) The Roman goddess of victory, the counterpart of the Greek goddess Nike.


minister

Pijin: minista

→ Hausa: ministà

From Middle English ministre, from Old French ministre, from Latin minister (“an attendant, servant, assistant, a priest's assistant or other under official”), from minor (“less”) + -ter; see minor. Doublet of Minorite.

der

The minister said a prayer on behalf of the entire congregation.

(Protestantism) A person who is trained to preach, to perform religious ceremonies, and to afford pastoral care at a Protestant church.

predikant

person who is trained to perform religious ceremonies at a Protestant church

(Roman Catholicism) A person (either a layperson or an ordained clergy member) who is commissioned to perform some act on behalf of the Catholic Church.

thừa tác viên

person who is commissioned to perform some act on behalf of the Catholic Church