Moscow

Ultimately from Old East Slavic Москов- (Moskov-), originally referring to the Moskva River, probably from Proto-Slavic *mosky (“swamp, dampness, moisture”). Perhaps related to Czech moskva (“raw bread”), Slovak mozga (“puddle”), Polish Mozgawa, and more distantly Latvian mazgāt (“to wash, rinse”), Sanskrit मज्जति (májjati, “to sink”), Latin mergō (“to dive”), all from Proto-Indo-European *mesg- (“to plunge, dip”). Cognate with Russian промозглый (promozglyj, “dank”).

der

Alternative form: Moskva

The mother, Ekaterina Pavlovna, who at one time had been handsome, but now, asthmatic, depressed, vague, and over-feeble for her years, tried to entertain me with conversation about painting. Having heard from her daughter that I might come to Shelkovka, she had hurriedly recalled two or three of my landscapes which she had seen in exhibitions in Moscow, and now asked what I meant to express by them.

1917, Anton Chekhov, translated by Constance Garnett, The Darling and Other Stories, Project Gutenberg, published 9 September 2004, →ISBN, page 71:

I was inclined to accept Yeltsin's invitation to go to Russia, but Tony Lake said Moscow shouldn't be my first foreign stop, and the rest of my team said it would divert attention from our domestic agenda.

2005, Bill Clinton, My Life, volume II, New York: Vintage Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 49:

A federal city, the capital and largest city of Russia.


Saint Petersburg

Peter the Great
Saint Peter
Saint Petersburg

English translation of Russian Санкт-Петербу́рг (Sankt-Peterbúrg), from German Sankt Petersburg (“Saint Peter's City”), referring to Saint Peter the Apostle and alluding to its founder Tsar Peter the Great. Doublet of Peterborough.

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Санкт-Петербу́рг

Leningrad

still the name of the surrounding oblast

A federal city of Russia, known between 1914 and 1924 as Petrograd and between 1924 and 1991 as Leningrad, and former capital of Russia (1713–1728, 1732–1918).

സെന്റ് പീറ്റേഴ്സ്ബർഗ്

senṟŭ pīṟṟēḻsbaṟgŭ


Moskva

Transliteration of Russian Москва́ (Moskvá).

Alternative form of Moscow, the federal city, the capital of Russia.


St. Petersburg

Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg#English

A federal city of Russia, formerly Petrograd and Leningrad


Petersburg

From Peter + -s- or Peters (surname) + -burg. Doublet of Peterborough.

Alternative form of Saint Petersburg, a federal city of Russia, formerly Leningrad.


Sankt-Peterburg

Alternative form of Saint Petersburg, a federal city of Russia.