Jinan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 紀南 /纪南 (Jìnán).

A town in Jingzhou district, Jingzhou, Hubei, in central China.


Malan

From the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 馬欄／马栏 (Mǎlán).

zh-l

馬欄／马栏 (Mǎlán)

A town in Yanling, Xuchang, Henan, China.


Huaxi

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 花溪 (Huāxī, “flower brook”).

A town in Honyga, Meishan, Sichuan, China.


Huaxi

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 華西 /华西 (Huàxī).

A town in Huayin, Weinan, Shaanxi, China.


Yuli

A town in Yuli, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Suzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 肅州 /肃州 (Sùzhōu).

A town in the county-level city of Dunhuang, Jiuquan, Gansu, China.


Luoyang

Translingual: Luoyanggia

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of 洛陽／洛阳 (Luòyáng, “sunny side of the Luo River”), referring to two separate Luo rivers.

A town in the district of Zengdu, in the prefecture-level city of Suizhou, Hubei, China.


Changsha

/(ˈ)t͡ʃæŋˈʃɑ/

A town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China.


Yangzi

Defense Mapping Agency
Yangzi (disambiguation)

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 洋梓 (Yángzǐ).

洋梓

a town in central China; a residential community in central China; a village in central China

Liu Cuilan at Bailing Village of Yangzi Town in Zhongxiang city has a large house of 140 meters² (about 1506 ft².) for the [Christians] gatherings, which was torn down by the policemen from Yingzhong police station in August 2001.

2001 December 17, “Brief report on the financial loss of the church in Hubei”, in Congressional-Executive Commission on China, archived from the original on 2014-09-23:

A town in Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China.


Maotai

From the Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 茅台 (Máotái) Wade-Giles: Mao²-tʻai², reinforced by Hanyu Pinyin.

MAOTAI CAPTURED BY SZECHUAN FORCES
The Szechuan pursuit forces, after recapturing Maotai, western Kweichow, crossed the Chihshui Ho (River) and we now reached Tsaochihpa, near the Kweichow-Szechuan border.

1935, The China Weekly Review, volume 72, →OCLC, page 147:

Here in Maotai, where the pungent odor of fermenting sorghum is overpowering and almost everyone works for the distillery, spiking prices have become a point of pride.

2011 February 13, Andrew Jacobs, “Fake Liquors Flow as Demand Soars for China’s Fabled Sorghum Spirit”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-11-10, Asia Pacific:

Signage for China Kweichow Moutai Distillery Co. baijiu liquor lines a road at the company’s facility in the Maotai section of the Renhuai District in Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China, on Thursday, April 7, 2011.

2021 August 26, Evelyn Cheng, Eustance Huang, “Chinese baijiu liquor stocks tumble amid regulatory concerns”, in CNBC, archived from the original on 2021-08-26:

A town in Renhuai, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.


Muji

A teacher in Muji Township in Guma backed up the police officer.

2016 November 22, Eset Sulaiman, Brooks Boliek., “In China’s Xinjiang, Some Uyghurs are Forced Into a Sharecropper’s Life”, in Eset Sulaiman, Mamatjan Juma, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2016-11-23:

A town in Pishan, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Langhe

From the Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 浪河 (Lànghé).

Early last December, the provincial party committee sent five rural socialist ideological education teams to Danjiangkou's (Langhe) town, Hanchuan County's (Liujiage)[...]

1992, Daily Report: China, numbers 9-16, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 44:

A town in Danjiangkou, Shiyan, Hubei, China.


Banqiao

/ˌbɑːnˈt͡ʃjaʊ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 板橋／板桥 (Bǎnqiáo).

板橋／板桥 (Bǎnqiáo)

A town in Nanzhang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.

Juxin Modern Agriculture Development Co., Ltd. in Enshi, Hubei was registered in Nov., 2005 and based in Peak Village more than 1,800 m above sea level in Banqiao Town, Enshi City.

2023, Yang Cao, “Pluralism and Symbiosis: The Basic Framework of Agricultural Production Organizations in Contemporary China”, in Ming Dong, Xue Li, transl., Modernization of China's Agricultural Production Organizations [当代中国农业生产组织现代化研究], volume 25, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 226:

当代中国农业生产组织现代化研究

A town in Enshi, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China.


Miaoli

From Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 廟李／庙李.

(historical) A town in Jinshui district, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.


Yanzi

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 燕子 (Yànzǐ), meaning "swallow" (the bird).

A town in Hefeng, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China, formerly a township.


Mohan

From Mandarin 磨憨 (Móhān) or Lü ᦢᦸᧈᦠᦱᧃ (ḃoa¹ḣaan).

bor

Lü ᦢᦸᧈᦠᦱᧃ (ḃoa¹ḣaan)

At least 30 Uyghurs were apprehended at the town of Mohan on the border with Laos in Yunnan’s Mengla county in late September, and scores of others were detained around the province in recent weeks, a Uyghur merchant in the province told RFA’s Uyghur Service.

2013 October 3, Shohret Hoshur, Rachel Vandenbrink, “100 Uyghurs Rounded Up in Police Hunt in Yunnan”, in Shohret Hoshur, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2014-10-30:

A Southeast Asia media delegation recently participated in the "China-Laos Railway Journey", at the invitation by the People's Government of Yunnan Province, to visit Kunming, Pu'er and Xishuangbanna, and learnt of the immigration and customs procedures at the transit station in Mohan, located at the China-Laos border.

2023 June 21, Bernama, “Stricter procedures entering China via railways from Southeast Asia”, in The Straits Times, archived from the original on 2023-06-22:

The study area was located in Mohan town, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, southwestern China (21°10′ − 21°26′ N, 101°27′ − 101°41′ E). The region experiences a tropical monsoon climate, with distinct dry (November to April) and wet (May to October) seasons.

2024 October 10, Qiang Lu, Zhengfeng An, Beibei Zhang, Xiaoqiang Lu, Xia Mao, Jiaqi Li, Scott X. Chang, Yan Liu, Xiangxiang Fu, “Optimizing tradeoff strategies of soil microbial community between metabolic efficiency and resource acquisition along a natural regeneration chronosequence”, in Science of The Total Environment, volume 946, →DOI, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-12-25:

A border town neighbouring Laos in Mengla County, Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China.


Yandang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 雁蕩 /雁荡 (Yàndàng, literally “Wild Goose Pond”).

A town in Yueqing, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.


Leihe

The moderately sensitive area was the buffer region one kilometer away from the water source, involving in part the the^([sic]) Leihe development region and the town of Kongwan.

2011, Jing Zhang, Ke Wang, Xinming Chen, Wenjuan Zhu, “Combining a Fuzzy Matter-Element Model with a Geographic Information System in Eco-Environmental Sensitivity and Distribution of Land Use Planning”, in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, volume 8, number 4, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1216:

There are 10 town^([sic – meaning towns]) in Yicheng City, that are Xiaohe, Zhenji, Kongwan, Liuhou, Wangji, Banqiao, Liushui, Yancheng, Nanying and Leihe.

2013, Wenling Jiang, Yu He, “Space Distribution Pattern Research and Optimization Analysis of Rural Settlements in Yicheng City”, in Sustainable Cities Development and Environment Protection, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 50:

In Liaohe Village, Leihe Town, Yicheng City, the clean and tidy hardened road, the interesting cultural wall, and the green farm yard seem to be in a beautiful picture. Material life has become better, cultural life is also colorful, and local villagers are immersed in the festive celebration of the festival, displaying various folk culture programs.

2022 January 26, “Starting from happiness - Xiangyang City held a special program activity for the benefit of grass-roots culture in the New Year”, in LaiTimes, archived from the original on 2022-10-13:

A town in Yicheng, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.


Beishan

Translingual: beishanensis, Beishanlong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 北山 (Běishān).

A town in Qingtian, Lishui, Zhejiang, China.

A town in Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China.

A town in Longhui, Shaoyang, Hunan, China.

A town in Yizhou district, Hechi, Guizhou, China.


Aral

阿熱勒 /阿热勒

Aral, Qiemo, Bayingolin, Xinjiang, China

A town in Qiemo, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang, China, formerly a township.


Tumxuk

But I hadn’t come to stay: my goal was two ancient Buddhist sites built into cliffs near a town called Tumxuk....It seemed easy enough to get there; there was only one town named Tumxuk on the map, located north of Aksu.

1994, Christa Paula, The Road to Miran, HarperCollins, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 39:

A town in Onsu, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Zhapu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 乍浦 (Zhàpǔ).

In that year the large Hangzhou garrison was subdivided when a Left Wing (zuo yi) brigade-general was created at Zhapu to oversee the naval garrison on the shores of Pinghu County. Zhapu was the port of Hangzhou.

1990, Pamela Kyle Crossley, Orphan Warriors: Three Manchu Generations and the End of the Qing World, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 69:

Scholarly consensus exists that, by the time of the Taiping rebellion, both were in bad shape, poorly equipped, with low morale - with the qualification made by Crossley in Orphan Warriors that the British were amazed at the fighting spirit which the Manchus displayed during the attack on the garrison of Zhapu near Shanghai in an episode of the First Opium War.

2013, Christine Moll-Murata, Ulrich Theobald, “Military employment in Qing dynsaty China”, in Erik-Jan Zürcher, editor, Fighting for a Living: A Comparative History of Military Labour 1500-2000, Amsterdam University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 361:

A crane is transferring containers for import and export at Zhapu Port in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China, July 13, 2021.

2021 July 28, “Biden nominates Huawei prosecutor for key Chinese exports position”, in CNBC, archived from the original on 2021-07-29, Politics:

A town in Pinghu, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China, on the northern shore of Hangzhou Bay and important under the Qing as a port and military garrison.


Gutian

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 古田 (Gǔtián).

Kucheng

from Fuzhou dialect via Foochow Romanization

Survivors of the peasant movement recall seeing Mao Zedong at Gutian, a day’s walk from the village, during the Gutian Conference in December 1929.

1983, Victor Nee, “Post-Mao Changes in a South China Production Brigade”, in Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, editor, China from Mao to Deng: The Politics and Economics of Socialist Development, Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 63, column 2:

A place about thirteen miles west of Longyan called Gutian produced an unusual person. […] All visitors to western Fujian Province knew that an earth emperor was living in Gutian, and all were curious to meet him and to admire his style. Quite unexpectedly I had an opportunity to go to Gutian: Wugou and Shanshan, tired of life in Shanghai, came to visit me in the ancient farming village of Longyan, and I took time out to roam with them through all the scenic places close by.

2001, Xie Bingying, “A Traveling Life”, in Lily Chia Brissman, Barry Brissman, transl., A Woman Soldier's Own Story: The Autobiography of Xie Bingying, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 244–245:

At Gutian, Mao made much of introducing a resolution to abolish the practice. This move was tremendously popular with the soldiers. But a few months later, when the Gutian resolutions were circulated, this item was not among them.

2005, Jung Chang, Jon Halliday, Mao: The Unknown Story, New York: Anchor Books, →ISBN, page 73:

A town in Shanghang, Longyan, Fujian, China.


Hou

The present paper deals with a collection of mammalian fossils found in situ by a field team of IVPP in the late Pleistocene sandy clays interbeding [sic] with sands and gravels along the Laochihegou valley in Houzhen Commune, Lantian District, Shensi.

[1994, Late Quaternary Studies in Beringia and Beyond, 1950-1993: An Annotated Bibliography, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 258:

Shanghou is also mentioned on the Buzhi ding 不栺鼎 (JC: 2735), which was excavated from the tomb no.3 in Fufeng, Shaanxi and records that the Zhou King went to the garrison at Shanghou.⁸⁴ In a recent study, Shanghou is identified with the present-day Houzhen 厚鎮, located between the Lantian 藍田 county and the Weinan 渭南 county in Shaanxi province.⁸⁵

[2013, Minna Wu, On the Periphery of a Great “Empire”: Secondary Formation of States and Their Material Basis in the Shandong Peninsula during the Late Bronze Age, ca. 1000-500 B.C.E, Columbia University, →DOI, page 164:

The study profile, an outcrop formed by road building (Fig. 2), is at an altitude of about 920 m in west Hou Town (N34°16', E109°27'), Lantian County.

2011, Qian Xue, Zhiguo Rao, Suping Wang, Pingyu Zhang, Fahu Chen, “Stable carbon and oxygen isotopic study of carbonate along a loess/paleosol section in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province, on the southeastern edge of the Chinese Loess Plateau”, in Environmental Earth Sciences, volume 64, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 238:

Key projects are Lantian modern broiler industrial park, Dazhai bungeana breeding base, Hou Town walnut industrial park, Bailu Plain film city, and Hou Town mountain biking theme park.

2013 March 13, “Four Agriculture Demonstration Zones to Be Built in Shaanxi”, in Shaanxi Province Department of Commerce, archived from the original on 2021-05-15:

During the winter vacation, Starflag-Bearers cooperated with Xi'an Youth Palace to provide volunteer teaching for primary and middle school students in Dongju Village, Houzhen Town, Lantian County, Xi 'an, delivering academic guidance for the children and witnessing their development.

[2023 February 24, Deng BuGe, Yu Junhao, Feng Ze, Han Huichun, “Documentary on Online Volunteer Teaching and Rural Revitalization of Starflag-Bearers of QMES”, in Liu Yang, transl., edited by Cheng Yin, Northwestern Polytechnical University, archived from the original on 2023-03-30:

A town in Lantian, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.


Dali

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 大理 (Dàlǐ).


Dali

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 大瀝 /大沥 (Dàlì).

A town in Foshan city, Guangdong province, China.


Hongshan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 洪山 (Hóngshān).

洪山

a district in central China; a subdistrict in central China; a town in central China

A town in Sui, Suizhou, Hubei, in central China.


Hongshan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 紅山 /红山 (Hóngshān).

A town in Yingshan, Huanggang, Hubei, in central China.


Yingcheng

A town in Jingzhou district, Jingzhou, Hubei, in central China.


Gaocheng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 高城 (Gāochéng).


Dingsidang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 丁司壋 /丁司垱 (Dīngsīdàng).

On October 22, police from Dingsidang Township, Xishui County, took Mr. Ma into custody. He had been sent to a forced labor camp for one and a half years prior to this.

2003 January 8, “Falun Dafa Practitioners from Xishui County, Hubei Province Are Arrested and Sent to Prisons or Forced Labor Camps”, in Falun Dafa - Minghui.org, archived from the original on 2021-05-21:

Training for local medical workers for equipment operation at the Dingsidang County Hospital of Huanggang City, Hubei Province. Grundfos China donated a medical waste water treatment system to the hospital.

2020, “Community Engagement Grant”, in Grundfos China, archived from the original on 2020-06-15:

A town in Xishui, Huanggang, Hubei, China.


Banzhudang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 斑竹壋 /斑竹垱 (Bānzhúdàng).

ERS-2 multi-temporal image showing extensive flooding along the Yangtze River in China
[Map with the cities around its edge, in clockwise order from the top left]
Banzhudang, Nanping, Douhudi, Jianli, Zhuhe, Yueyang, Xinqiang, Miluo, Chang [Changde, ending obscured by overlay], Linli, Lixian

1998 November, “Flood Monitoring in China”, in ESA Bulletin, number 96, European Space Agency, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 114:

14. [Gong'an County, Hubei Province] Arrest of Dafa Practitioners
Dafa practitioner Ms. Wang Shaoqing, 60, is from Guanliuzui Village, Banzhudang Town, Gong'an County, Hubei Province. At 8:00 p.m. or 9:00 p.m. on March 12, 2004, the town's police department chief and assistant chief, as well as two officers from the county's police department, and others, five or six people in total, broke into Wang's home through the windows.

2004 March 22, “Latest News from China”, in Falun Dafa - Minghui.org, archived from the original on 2022-02-20:

Lu Yandian
Born on November 12, 1927. He was originally from Xiangyang Brigade, Banzhudang Town, Public Security^([sic – meaning Gong'an]) County, and now lives in Mopanzhou Community, Nanhai Town, Songzi City.

2020 September 4, “Today, pay tribute to Songzi war veterans”, in YQQLM, archived from the original on 2022-02-20:

On the eve of the Spring Festival, she returned to her hometown in Gong'an County from Wuhan to celebrate the New Year. But when she arrived home, she learned that the passage from Han to Han had been closed to control the spread of the epidemic.[...]But all public transportation to Wuhan has been suspended, and the road from Shuanghechang Village in Banzhudang Town, where he was home, to the county seat of Public Security has also been closed.

2020 September 28, “She returned to work by riding alone for 300 kilometers to fight the epidemic. Her story once again hit the tears...”, in tellerreport.com, archived from the original on 2021-05-23:

A town in Gong'an, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.


Meichuan

AT 10:12, the bus crossed the Yangtze River, and Min jerked awake. She said aloud the name of every town we passed on the highway: Huangshi, Meichuan, Huangmei. “We’re almost there,” she said, her voice tight with excitement.

2008, Leslie T. Chang, Factory Girls: From Village to City in a Changing China, New York: Spiegel & Grau, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 277:

The unattended boy was found missing when his grandmother returned to their home in Meichuan town in the city of Wuxue after working in the fields, having told the boy an hour before to stay at home and watch television, the ChuTian Metropolis Daily reported.

2016 July 29, Natalie Mu, “Boy, 2, dies of heatstroke in central China mountains while looking for his grandmother”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2022-05-09:

A town in Wuxue, Huanggang, Hubei, China.


Jiujiang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 九江 (Jiǔjiāng).

A town in Nanhai district, Foshan, Guangdong, China.


Gedangdian

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 圪壋店 /圪垱店 (Gēdàngdiàn).

At 1.35 p.m., the 529th FS claimed two Ki44s and two more damaged between Wuchih and Kotangtien.

[2017, Håkan Gustavsson, Sino-Japanese Air War 1947-1945: The Longest Struggle, →ISBN, →OCLC, page https://www.google.com/books/edition/Sino_Japanese_Air_War_1937_1945/9NHyDQAAQBAJ?gbpv=1&pg=PT219:

The family's hometown Gedangdian Village is a very rich village in Wuzhi County, where many villagers had made a fortune through the cashmere car cushions business in the past few decades.

2021, Yan Xiaoxu, Yang Tingjuan, Wang Jingjing, Du Jing, Guo Silu, “The Generation Born in the 1970s”, in Lu Mai, editor, The Chinese Dream and Ordinary Chinese People, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 77:

A town in Wuzhi, Jiaozuo, Henan, China, formerly a township.


Yonglong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 永漋 (Yǒnglóng).

A town in Jingshan, Jingmen, Hubei, China.


Huilong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 回龍／回龙 (Huílóng).

zh-l

回龍／回龙 (Huílóng)

An official report from General Chan King-ming's headquarters at Ping Shan says that the enemy has been defeated all along the front from Hui Lung to Ku Ling, and that 1,200 rifles and a large quantity of ammunition have been seized.

1924 May 7, “RAILWAY FIGHTING.”, in The Hongkong Telegraph, number 12,478, →OCLC, page 1, column 3:

100. NFRB, Feb. 24, 1980, states that the elections for brigade cadres in Huilong commune, Gaoyao County, held in Oct. 1979 were only the second time that these leaders had been democratically elected. Previously brigade cadres were all appointed by upper levels. Although sometimes “elections” were held, they were little more than formalities.

1988, John P. Burns, Political Participation in Rural China, University of California Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 218:

A town in Gaoyao district, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China.

A town in Hanchuan, Xiaogan, Hubei, China.


Shayang

From the postal romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 沙洋 (Shāyáng).

A town in Shayang, Jingmen, Hubei, China.


Dongsheng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for the Mandarin 東升 /东升 (Dōngshēng).

A town in Shishou, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.


Yushan

A town in Xiangzhou district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.


Wulipu

From Mandarin 五里鋪 (Wǔlǐpù, literally “five Li relay station for post horses”).

Zuozhong Chu tombs are located in Wulipu town, 45 km south of Jingmen City, Hubei province.

2009 January 14, “Excavation Report on Zuozhong Chu Tombs in Jingmen”, in The Institute of Archaeology CASS, archived from the original on 2022-02-05:

At midnight on March 1st, Liu, a bee farmer born in Hubei, and her family finally arrived in the hometown, Wulipu Town, with over 500 boxes of honey.[...]Although the driver is Hubei native, the authority of Wulipu Town insists that only when the driver obtains an effective health certificate can he leave.

2020 March 6, Yanqing Wang, “第一户湖北籍蜂农已顺利返乡，其他近200户有望近期全部返回 绿会复工部 [The First Beekeeper from Hubei Province Has Returned Without a Hitch, And Nearly 200 Others Are Expected to Return Soon CBCGDF Anti-Epidemic and Resumption Working Group]”, in China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation, archived from the original on 2020-04-13:

The village of Chenchi is located in the town of Wulipu, Hubei province in central China, with the163 coordinates 111° E and 30° N (Figure 3).

2020, Fan Yang, Guangqing Chi, Ge Wang, Shirui Tang, Yunting Li, Cong Ju, “Untangle the complex stakeholder relationships in rural settlement consolidation in China: a social network approach”, in Land, volume 9, number 7, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 5:

The Commercial Press
Wulipu
Xiandai Hanyu Cidian


Wangshi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 網市／网市 (Wǎngshì).

網市／网市 (Wǎngshì)

7. [Jingzhou City, Hubei Province] Police Seize Mr. Peng Hongdao of Wangshi Town, Jianli County, Who is Still Missing
Mr. Peng Hongdao is a 35-year-old resident of Wangshi Town, Jingzhou City, Jianli County, Hubei Province. In April 2005, personnel from the Jianli County 610 Office and the local police station in Wangshi Town arrested him. He is still missing.

2005 June 19, “Latest News from China”, in Falun Dafa - Minghui.org, archived from the original on 2021-08-19:

A town in Jianli, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.


Wudian

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 吳店 /吴店 (Wúdiàn).

A town in Guangshui, Suizhou, Hubei, China.

Good Planning
Wudian Town in Zaoyang City is well laid out, with 18 roads dividing it into different parts where various special areas, such as the industrial district, commercial zone, residential quarters and tourist area[...]

1999, Beijing Review, volume 42, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 16:

In September~December 2002, the Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology excavated the Nos. 1 and 2 Chu State tombs and the horse-and-chariot burial pits auxiliary to them in the Jiuliandun cemetery of Wudian Town in Zaoyang City, Hubei Province.

2003, 考古, numbers 7-12, 科学出版社, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 10:

Guojiamiao cemetery is located in Dongzhaohu Village, Wudian Town, Zaoyang City, with an area of 1,200,000 square meters, which is divided into Guojiamiao Tomb Area and Caomenwan Tomb Area.

2015 June 4, “New Music Archaeological Discovery Found in Guojiamiao, Zaoyang, Hubei Province”, in Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, archived from the original on 2015-06-14:

A town in Zaoyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.


Sanhe

三合

a town in central China; villages in central China

A town in Yingcheng, Xiaogan, Hubei, China.


Macheng

The Postal Map romanization romanization of the Mandarin 麻城 (Máchéng).

A town in Duodao district, Jingmen, Hubei, China.


Xinshi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 新市 (Xīnshì).


Tuanfeng

From the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 團風／团风 (Tuánfēng).

A town in Tuanfeng, Huanggang, Hubei, China.


Jiangwan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 江灣／江湾 (Jiāngwān).

The tunnel entrance is located 200 meters form Port village, Jiangwan town, Wuyuan county.

2010, Yankai Wu, Xiaohua Xi, “Information Monitoring on Surrounding Rock of Tunnel and Its Application”, in Information Technology in Geo-engineering: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference (ICITG) Shanghai, IOS Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 208:

One of the emerging popular tourist attractions in China is Jiangwan, a famous scenic spot in Wuyuan which is a representative of what the ancient town has to offer.

2014 June 25, Jiangxi Wuyuan Tourism Co., Ltd., “Wuyuan: The Ancient Village In China That Brings Back Feelings of Nostalgia for One's Own Hometown”, in PR Newswire, archived from the original on 2014-07-09:

A town in Wuyuan, Shangrao, Jiangxi, China.


Dongjin

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for the Mandarin 東津 /东津 (Dōngjīn).

The one housed in the Tianxian Monastery, a nunnery in Dongjin, Xiangyang, was also made "by a human manifestation of the Great Compassionate One."

1994, Chün-fang Yü, “Guanyin: The Chinese Transformation of Avalokiteshvara”, in Marsha Weidner, editor, Latter Days of the Law: Images of Chinese Buddhism, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 161:

Xiangyang: Dongjin New District
The new Dongjin (Fig. 6) is an ambitious urban reconfiguration project for a relatively small centre on the secondary north-south link with Chongqing in the central Hebei Province; it is slowly taking shape based on individual compounds built and promoted by real estate developers.[…]Thanks to Dongjin, the urban population in Xiangyang in 2012 was recorded as being 53% - in line with national objectives.

2019, The City after Chinese New Towns: Spaces and Imaginaries from Contemporary Urban China, →DOI, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 86:

Taking the show flat design of Dongjin Century City in Dongjin New District, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province as an example, Dongjin Century City, as the first batch of large-scale building groups in Dongjin New District, covers a total area of more than 2,600 acres, with an overall floorage of 6 million square meters, including 4.8 million square meters of fine decorated residences, independent shopping centers, super high-rise five-star hotels, office and apartment business clusters, commercial blocks, one stop brand education and community health centers.

2020, Wenjuan Huang, Yang Liu, ““Design-Led Space” Series Show Flat Design -Taking Dongjin Century City in Xiangyang as AnExample”, in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, →DOI, page 2:

Travel time from Dongjin to Fancheng in Xiangyang City will soon be shortened from 45 minutes to less than 10 minutes.

2022 November 1, “First highway tunnel in Hanjiang River opens”, in Luo Pan, editor, China News Service, archived from the original on 2022-11-01:


Gaocun

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 高村 (Gāocūn).

高村

town in northern China; village in northern China; former township in northern China

In 1991-1992, the Archaeology Section, Tianjin Municipal Museum of History, carried out survey and trial excavation at the Lancheng site to the south of Lancheng village in Gaocun township, Wuqing county, Tianjin, which resulted in the revelation of an ash-pit, an ash-trench and two wells.

The first simultaneous vertical distribution measurements using aircraft and tethered balloon were conducted in Gaocun (a rural site between Beijing and Tianjin) on June 17th.

2021 June 15, Zhao Ruojie et al., “Aircraft-based observation of gaseous pollutants in the lower troposphere over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region”, in Science of The Total Environment, volume 773, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

A town in Wuqing district, Tianjin, China, formerly a township.


Wufeng

Postal romanization of the Mandarin 五峰 (Wǔfēng).

五峰

autonomous county in central China; town in central China; township in central China; township in northern Taiwan

A town in Wufeng, Yichang, Hubei, China.


Liushuquan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 柳樹𨟠 /柳树𨟠 (Liǔshùquān).

In Lifuzhuang Village, Liushuquan Town, our district, the traditional project of suona making skills has been adhered to by the inheritor Li Xiaopan for decades. With his grinding and hard work, the charm of suona has been excavated and amplified, infecting more and more people.

2022 August 15, 蕾伊, “Through Li Xiaopan, the eighth-generation inheritor of suona making skills, feel the unique charm of ingenuity”, in chinese music instruments, archived from the original on 2025-01-12, information:

A town in Fengnan district, Tangshan, Hebei, China.


Jinzhu

/d͡ʒɪnˈd͡ʒu/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 金珠 (Jīnzhū).

IN MID-AFTERNOON on March 8 a stone meteor flamed across Kirin, province and at 15:01:59 hours exploded over Chinchu commune outside the city of Kirin, shaking the earth.[…]Most fragments fell in Tatun commune outside Kirin and Chiangmifeng commune in Yungchi county. Larger ones fell in Chinchu commune.

[1976 August, “Huge Meteorite Shower in Kirin”, in China Reconstructs, volume XXV, number 8, China Welfare Institute, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 38, column 1:

A town in Longtan district, Jilin, Jilin, China.

The Dromi Tsang House (kro me chong) is located in the region of Dabpa (,dab pa), in the village of Sumdu (gsum 'du, chin. Sangdui).[...]Another major town is Dapba (chin. Jinzhu), located some 28 km in the south.

2017, Peter Herrle, “Dromi Tsang House in Dabpa”, in Tibetan Houses: Vernacular Architecture of the Himalayas and Environs, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 104:

A town in Daocheng, Garzê prefecture, Sichuan, China.


Likou

歷口／历口 (Lìkǒu)

The whole area is the designated growing area of Keemun, and the most famous comes from Likou.

2019, Michelle Comins, Rob Comins, Tales of the Tea Trade: The Secret to Sourcing and Enjoying the World's Favourite Drink, →ISBN, →OCLC:

Scenes of Nuo ritual performance in tluizhou Mulianxi, 'Offering Sacrifices to the Five Furies' ('Ji Wuchang'), 'Running the Five Furies' ('Pao Wucahng^([sic – meaning Wuchang])') and 'Expelling Evil Spirits' ('Qu egui'). Perfonned^([sic – meaning Performed]) by Lixi Mulianxi Troupe on 27 August 2016 in Lixi Village, Likou Town, Qimen County with Wang Daozhao, Wang Shucheng, Wang Shengmo, Wang Hongmo and Wang Xiaoshu playing the Five Furies.

2022, Xiaohuan Zhao, Chinese Theatre: An Illustrated History Through Nuoxi and Mulianxi, volume II, →DOI, →ISBN, →OCLC, page https://www.google.com/books/edition/Chinese_Theatre_An_Illustrated_History_T/UAdUEAAAQBAJ?gbpv=1&pg=PT239:

A town in Qimen, Huangshan, Anhui, China.


Manas

A town in Manas County, Changji prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Zhuxi

/ˌd͡ʒuːˈʃiː/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 竹溪 /竹谿 (Zhúxī).

A town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China.


Zhonglu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 忠路 (Zhōnglù).

The main population occurs in a 25 km long and 1.5 km wide strip along the Modao River in the Shui-sha-ba Valley, Zhonglu Town, Lichuan County, Hubei Province at elevations ranging from 900—1250 m.

2005, Ben A. LePage, Hong Yang, Midori Matsumoto, “The Evolution and Biogeographic History of Metasequoia”, in Ben A. LePage, Christopher J. Williams, Hong Yang, editors, The Geobiology and Ecology of Metasequoia, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 10:

Approximately 90% of the trees are in two adjacent river valleys in Zhonglu Town, Lichuan, Hubei: the Xiaohe River Valley and Shiziba River Valley (unpublished data from the Metasequoia Station).

2007, Hong Yang, Leo J. Hickey, Metasequoia : Back from the Brink? An Update, →OCLC, page 189:

Approximately 90% of the trees are in two adjacent river valleys in Zhonglu Town, Lichuan, Hubei: the Xiaphe River Valley and Shiziba River Valley (unpublsihed data from the Metasequoia Station).

2017, Qin Leng et al., “Database of Native Metasequoia glyptostroboides Trees in China Based on New Census Surveys and Expeditions”, in Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History^([https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-peabody-museum-of-natural-history/volume-48/issue-2/0079-032X_2007_48_185_DONMGT_2.0.CO_2/Database-of-Native-Metasequoia-glyptostroboides-Trees-in-China-Based-on/10.3374/0079-032X(2007)48[185:DONMGT]2.0.CO;2.short]), volume 48, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 189, column 1:


Huangmei

A town in Huangmei, Huanggang, Hubei, China.


Muyu

木魚／木鱼 (Mùyú)

To reach the reserve from Muyu, either flag down Songbai-bound buses on the main road (note that the reserve gates are as far up this road as foreigners are allowed to travel) or bargain with the Xingshan minibus drivers for a charter (about ¥50 to the reserve gates, or ¥400 for the day), who otherwise run back to Xingshan until the afternoon.

2011, David Leffman, Rough Guide to China (Rough Guides), 6th edition, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 441:

Subsequent individuals were photographed and released unless they differed from the previous specimens in such attributes as pattern, gender, or age. Specimens were deposited with the museum officials in Shennongjia, headquartered in the town of Muyu.

2015, Kevin R. Messenger, Yong Wang, “Notes on the natural history and morphology of the Ningshan Lined Snake (Stichophanes ningshaanensis Yuen, 1983; Ophidia: Colubridae) and its distribution in the Shennongjia National Nature Reserve, China”, in Amphibian & Reptile Conservation, volume 9, number 2, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 112, column 2:

Tour companies offer “yeren discovery” packages, and various restaurants in the forestry district’s main town of Muyu proudly feature yeren in their signage.

2018 August 26, “Dreamers, crackpots or realists? The diehards on the trail of China’s ‘Bigfoot’”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2018-08-25:


Chibi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 赤壁 (Chìbì).

A town in Chibi, Xianning, Hubei, China.


Xinhua

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 新華／新华 (Xīnhuá, literally “New China”).


Huayuan

By October the 24th, headquarters had passed from Huayuan to Hsiaokan, only 45 miles from Hankow, and in a telegram dated from that place on October 25th it was announced by General Yin Ch'ang that the main body of the Imperialists had moved forward to Niehkow, some six or seven miles from Kilometre Ten, and that he himself was following.

1912, Percy Horace Kent, “The Struggle for Hankow”, in The Passing of the Manchus, Longmans, Green & Co., →OCLC, page 135:

The Hupeh provincial authorities have recently completed the construction of a highway from Siangyang to Shasi, a distance of approximately 200 miles; an extension from Siangyang to Tsaoyang has been completed, and this road is being extended through to Huayuan on the Peking-Hankow Raihvay, a total distance of 170 miles.

1926, Julean Arnold, China: a Commercial and Industrial Handbook, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 441:

On the night of the 27th they took Changsha and occupied Nanchang on July 30. Meanwhile, the Communists in northern Hubei blocked the Beiping-Hankou Railway at Huayuan town and advanced further to take Xiaogan.

2020 [1930 August 4], Yinan (金一南) Jin, Misery and Glory: The Long March and Its Antecedents, Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page https://www.google.com/books/edition/苦难辉煌_英文/yKIwEAAAQBAJ?gbpv=1&pg=PT215:

A town in Xiaochang, Xiaogan, Hubei, China.


Shihua

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 石花 (shíhuā).

A town in Gucheng, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.


Maoping

Zigui, home of the Qu Yuan temple, was the first town to be completely relocated when, in 1999, the residents moved downstream to Maoping, not far from the dam site.

2002, Deirdre Chetham, “The Eve of the Flood”, in Before the Deluge: The Vanishing World of the Yangtze's Three Gorges, Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 223:


Tongcheng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 通城 (Tōngchéng).


Fengle

豐樂 /丰乐

subdistrict in western China; town in central China

A town in Zhongxiang, Jingmen, Hubei, China.


Baiyang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 白洋 (Báiyáng).

A town in Zhijiang, Yichang, Hubei, China.


Taipingdian

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 太平店 (Tàipíngdiàn).

Most of Yu-e Synod's work was in Henan province and some in Hubei. Since it was a joint enterprise of three missions, the synod grew very fast.[...]Two of its thirteen districts were in Hubei: Fancheng (1892) and Taipingdian (1898).

1999, Andrew Hsiao, “Geographical Distribution”, in A Brief History of the Chinese Lutheran Church, Hong Kong: Taosheng Publishing House, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 45–46:

A town in Fancheng district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.


Songbu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 宋埠 (Sòngbù).

The commander-in-chief, General Li Zongren, had his HQ in a temple outside the market of the small town of Songbu.

1982, Dick Wilson, When Tigers Fight: the Story of the Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945, New York: Viking Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 130:

On January 31, 2023, four Falun Gong practitioners in Songbu Town, Macheng City, Hubei Province were arrested. Two of the arrested are still detained as of February 25, 2023.

2023 March 5, “Four Hubei Residents Arrested for Raising Awareness about the Persecution of Falun Gong”, in Falun Dafa Information Center, archived from the original on 2023-03-14, Persecution in China:

A town in Macheng, Huanggang, Hubei, China.


Xihe

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 西河 (Xīhé).

A town in Xiaonan district, Xiaogan, Hubei, China.


Zhangjiaji

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 張家集／张家集 (Zhāngjiājí).

張家集／张家集 (Zhāngjiājí)

Wang Siqing said that in 2015, the high-yielding demonstration patch of virus-free seed potatoes in Zhangjiaji Town, Xiangzhou District, yielded 4646 kilograms per mu of fresh potatoes, creating the highest yield per unit area of potatoes in Hubei Province.

2019 April 15, “Xiangyang Agriculture in Hubei Province needs both high yield and good benefit”, in ECHEMI, archived from the original on 2022-02-25:

A town in Xiangzhou district, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.


Haoxue

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 郝穴 (Hǎoxué).

After a certain period of regrouping, our troops launched an attack at Haohsueh where we wiped out an entire Kuomintang battalion, thus winning the first major victory since the founding of the Hunghu base area. We later liberated Laohsinkou, Mienyang, Chienchiang and other cities and townships.

[1978 July 19 [1978 July 14], “How the Hunghu Red Base Area Was Built”, in Daily Report People's Republic of China, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from People's Daily and Peking NCNA Domestic Service, translation of original by Hsu Kuang-ta (in Chinese), →ISSN, →OCLC, page E 4:

FLOATING WATERWORKS China's first shipborne waterworks has gone into operation on the Yangtze in Jiangling county, Hubei. The double-decked waterworks is capable of producing 10,000 of potable water a day for the 15,000 residents of Haoxue.

1984, Summary World Broadcasts: The Far East, →OCLC, page 2:

The personnel and organizations responsible for the collection of the earth fee varied considerably from place to place and changed over time. In Jiangling, for example, as early as 1801 two (government-run) tuju (earth bureaus) were set up in Shashi and Haoxue to collect the earth fee.

2014, Jiayan Zhang, Coping with Calamity: Environmental Change and Peasant Response in Central China, 1736-1949, UBC Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 55:

In 1906 (32nd year of Guangxu's reign), while studying in the preparatory high school attached to Hexunliangdeng Academy in Haoxue Town of Jiangling County, he and his schoolmate Hu Egong founded the Furen Association, and began the rebellion again^([sic – meaning against]) the Qing Dynasty.

2015, Deshan Xiong, Social History of China, New York: SCPG Publishing, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 106:

A town in Jiangling, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.


Yesanguan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 野三關 /野三关 (Yěsānguān).

Under public pressure, Hubei officials freed her on bail. Mr. Wu helped recruit a prominent Beijing law firm to represent Ms. Deng.
On May 22, Beijing censors ordered Web sites to stop reporting on the case. Four days later, television and the Internet were cut off in Yesanguan, the town where the attack occurred.

2009 June 16, Michael Wines, “Civic-Minded Chinese Find a Voice Online”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-01-29, Asia Pacific:

This bridge is a 0.7 mile (1.1 km) long suspension bridge spanning the deeply carved valley of the Sidu River near Yesanguan in Badong County, in the southwest of China's Hubei Province.

2013, Wolfgang Kunth, editor, Terra Maxima: the Records of Humankind, Firefly Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 374:

The Sidu River Bridge is located in Yesanguan Town, Badong County, Enshi Prefecture, Hubei, and formulates an essential link in the Yichang — Enshi section of Shanghai — Chengdu National Highway. Its main structure is a truss girder suspension bridge 900m in main span length (Fig. 1).

2013, Bridge and Structural Engineering Branch, China Highway and Transportation Society, editor, Innovation-Oriented Contemporary Chinese Bridges, Paths International, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 210:

The suspension bridge is situated in the remote Yesanguan Town of Badong County, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, over Sidu River.

2016 May 17, Sophie Williams, “Now THAT'S a high-way! Spectacular aerial images show China's impressive mountain overpass built over a 1,630ft valley”, in Daily Mail MailOnline, archived from the original on 2016-05-18:

A town in Badong, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China.


Guling

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 牯嶺 /牯岭 (Gǔlǐng).

In November 1981, he was touring Jiangsi province to explore investment possibilities and stopped for the night in Guling on Mount Lu. On the evening of Nov. 7, Hoose wrote a sentimental letter to his wife, Georgia. “Here I am, 61 years later, at the place I was born on June 2, 1920. Amazingly, I remember a few features from when I was six. Little has changed—just different neighbors. It is beautiful here. … Am off and down the Mt. to Kiukiang tomorrow.

2022 February 21, Mike Chinoy, quoting Harned Pettus Hoose, “‘I Can Think as the Chinese Do’”, in Foreign Policy, archived from the original on 2022-02-21:

A town in Lushan, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, in eastern China.


Sandouping

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 三斗坪 (Sāndǒupíng).

So it is not surprising that, in this century, China's leaders should dream of harnessing the river, taming its floods and turning its raw power into electricity. And now, near the small town of Sandouping at the mouth of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze, their dreams are slowly taking shape.

1997 January 5, Zheng Nian, “A Flood of Troubles”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-12-01, Section 34, page 34:

The rural dwellers who will be moved are scattered throughout 19 counties and municipalities, from Sandouping in Yichang Municipality, to Mudong Township in Ba County.

1998, Dai Qing, translated by Yi Ming, edited by John G. Thibodeau and Philip B. Williams, The River Dragon has Come! The Three Gorges Dam and the Fate of China's Yangtze River and Its People, M. E. Sharpe, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 44:

The town of Sandouping in Xiling Gorge, now the site of the Three Gorges Dam, was known for a short time as "Little Wuhan" because of all the commercial activity generated by the thousands of people who stopped there on the way to Chongqing.

2002, Deirdre Chetham, “War Along the Yangtze”, in Before the Deluge: The Vanishing World of the Yangtze's Three Gorges, Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 108:

Even before the onset of the economic crisis, power availability was improving owing to the completion of the Three Gorges dam and the installation of the last of the massive generating turbines at Sandouping.

2009 January 8, John Kemp, “Downturn hits China's manufacturing heartland: John Kemp”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-08-27, Columns:

A town in Yiling district, Yichang, Hubei, China.


Jingxin

/ˌd͡ʒɪŋˈʃiːn/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 敬信 (Jìngxìn).

People in multi-national Hunchun County in Northeast China's Yenpien Korean Autonomous Chou (Kirin Province) have made rapid progress in the revolution and production by closing their ranks under the guidance of the Chinese Communist Party's policy towards nationalities.[…]
Chin Cheng-ho, a veteran cadre of Korean nationality, is secretary of the Chinghsin commune party committee. During the Cultural Revolution, he has led the whole commune to learn from Tachai, national pace-setter in agriculture.

[1972 July 27 [1972 July 27], “All Nationalities Help Each Other in Kirin Chou”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 146, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Peking NCNA International Service, →ISSN, →OCLC, page G 3:

More speculative plans are afoot for a world-class Tumen River Airport at Jingxin on China's border with Russia which lies on the polar route between Europe and Japan.

1995, Peter J. Rimmer, “Integrating China into East Asia: Cross-border Regions and Infrastructure Networks”, in Stuart Harris, Garry Klintworth, editors, China as a Great Power, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 319:

Uncoordinated expansion by competitive riparian countries would have caused waste or misallocation of scarce capital through overlapping projects, For example, the DPRK is trying to build Sonbong Airport, while China and Russia are holding out for their own international airports, in Jingxin and Khraskino.

2002, Jaeho Hwang, “Economic and Institutional Constraints on the TRADP”, in The Significance of Regionalism as an Element of China's Security and Foreign Policy: The Case of the Tumen River Area Development Project (TRADP) (Thesis), London School of Economics and Political Science, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-05-30, page 259:

For more than a decade, Chinese villagers in the Jingxin village on the Sino-DPRK border became used to hearing the noises of shooting and finding the floating corpses of North Korean escapees in the Tumen River.

2019, Bo Gao, China's Economic Engagement in North Korea (Palgrave Series in Asia and Pacific Studies), Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 94:

A town in Hunchun, Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China, formerly a township and before that a people's commune.


Dongsong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 東宋 /东宋 (Dōngsòng).

東宋 /东宋

town in central China; village in central China

A town in Luoning, Luoyang, Henan, China.


Zhicheng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 枝城 (Zhīchéng).

The second finding was that from the point where the Chang Jiang leaves the gorges to below Zhicheng in Hubei, the river widens allowing the river bed to release a large volume of water.

1992 May 12 [1992 February 22], Jianrong [3695 1696 2837] Di, “A Study of the Civil Defense Issue”, in JPRS Report Science and Technology China: S&T Policy, numbers 92-009, page 52, column 1:

He glanced across at Robin. Bright blue gaze locking with thoughtful grey. ‘Heading this way at fifty mph or so. But what we really need is news from Zhicheng.’ His finger moved the equivalent of five hundred miles upriver towards the Three Gorges. ‘Whatever is coming down on Anquing, at least three times more will be coming down on there.’
‘Zhicheng,’ answered Daniel. ‘It’s the next city downriver from the dam.’

2010, Peter Tonkin, Red River (Fiction), →ISBN, →OCLC, page 12:

Video has surfaced on Weibo of a woman inspecting earthmovers in a ceramics factory at 9:44 a.m. on Feb. 24 in Zhicheng Township of Yidu City, according to a netizen who posted the video.

2019 March 5, Keoni Everington, “Chinese woman dies after being dumped by loader into sand crusher”, in Taiwan News, archived from the original on 2019-03-05:


Zhicheng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 軹城 /轵城 (Zhǐchéng).

The Tonghuagou cemetery is located north of Tonghuagou village, Zhicheng town, Jiyuan city, and was excavated on a large scale in 1991.

2000, 考古, numbers 1-6, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 174:

Both Taiming and Taiqing were born in Zhicheng, about 10 kilometers from Yanmen.[...] After Japan surrendered, he returned to his hometown, Zhicheng.[...]
The train got us as far as Zhicheng. There a big group of relatives awaited us at the station.[...]It was a distance of about a dozen kilometers from Zhicheng to Yanmen. A two-wheel pushcart was prepared for my parents and our luggage.

2009, Stephen Songsheng Chen, Red Circle: China and Me, 1949-2009, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 118, 301:

2.1 Source of leachate
Jiyuan landfill exists at Zaoshu ridge, Zhicheng town, Jiyuan city, which is 10km from Jiyuan city, and area is about 1,200,000 m².

2009, Caixia Tian, Yanli Li, “Study on Characteristics and Treatment Technology for JiYuan Landfill Leachate”, in Memoirs of the Muroran Institute of Technology, volume 59, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 125, column 2:

Emperor Liu Heng granted titles to all the men who were fathers in the whole realm. He made General Bo Zhao Marquis of Zhi (now Zhicheng Town, Jiyuan, Henan Province).

2020, Hing Ming Hung, The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China’s Han Dynasty, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 91:


Taipingxi

/ˌtaɪpɪŋˈʃiː/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 太平溪 (Tàipíngxī).

In the fifth year of K'ang-hsi [1666] Huang Yü-hsüan, the magistrate, established the three t'u of T'ai-p'ing Hsi Hsiang, restoring the original number.

[1960, Kung-chuan Hsiao, Rural China: Imperial Control in the Nineteenth Century, University of Washington Press, published 1967, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 532:

On the issue of a dam site, the YVPO and those who build protective engineering projects (fanghu gongcheng) favored the Taipingxi site; the shipping and construction departments favored the Sandouping site; and others felt that they lacked sufficient information to make a well-grounded decision.

1988, Kenneth Lieberthal, Michel Oksenberg, Policy Making in China: Leaders, Structures, and Processes, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 314:

Two years later still came the recommendation that the dam be built at yet another place, this one called Taipingxi: on this site the builders would need less concrete, but there would have to be more costly excavation. Taipingxi the generals also liked: they could set up lots of antiaircraft guns here, they reported. But the excavation costs scuppered this choice a year or so later.

1996, Simon Winchester, The River at the Center of the World, New York: Picador, published 2004, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 224:

Taipingxi Township, Yichang County, provided experience from developing tea farms on which relocatees can be resettled.

1998, Dai Qing, translated by Yi Ming, edited by John G. Thibodeau and Philip B. Williams, The River Dragon has Come! The Three Gorges Dam and the Fate of China's Yangtze River and Its People, M. E. Sharpe, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 192:

President Xi Jinping takes a wooden club used to beat clothes in washing from a villager and talks with villagers at Xujiachong village of Taipingxi town in Yichang city, Central China’s Hubei province, April 24, 2018. Xujiachong is a village for people relocated to make way for the construction of the Three Gorges project.[...]
President Xi Jinping talks with residents at Xujiachong village of Taipingxi town in Yichang city, Central China’s Hubei province, April 24, 2018.[...]
President Xi Jinping talks with village officials at Xujiachong village of Taipingxi town in Yichang city, Central China’s Hubei province, April 24, 2018.

2018 April 29, “Xi calls for maintaining new development philosophy, winning ‘three tough battles’”, in State Council of the People's Republic of China, archived from the original on 2022-04-01:


Wushan

A town in Kaizhou district, Chongqing, China.


Anping

A town in the county-level city of Cenxi, Guangxi, China.

A town in Zhecheng County, Henan, China.

An urban town in the county-level city of Lianyuan, Hunan, China.


Chenjiagang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 陳家港 /陈家港 (Chénjiāgǎng).

Chenjiagang Power Plant to be built is located at Chenjiagang Town nearby Guanhe River in Jiangsu (Figure 1)....The river section from Chenjiagang to the river mouth is 11km long, with average width of water surface below mean tide level of 820m~1,100m, and natural water depth of 8~11m.

2009, Dou Xiping, Li Tilai, Gao Xiangyu, Qu Hongling, “Numerical Model of Oil Spilled During Ship Accident in Guanghe Estuary, China”, in Soon Keat Tan, Zhenhua Huang, editors, Asian And Pacific Coasts 2009, volume 1, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 322:

The blast occurred on Thursday at the Chenjiagang Industrial Park in the city of Yancheng, in Jiangsu province, and the fire was finally brought under control at 3 a.m. local time on Friday (1900 GMT), state television said.

2019 March 21, David Stanway, “China chemical plant blast kills 62; Xi orders probe”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2020-11-08:

Li Hongmei, a hotel owner from Chenjiagang, said she had seen a three-year-old boy being thrown into the air by the force of the shock wave that had left him visibly terrified.

2019 March 23, Sidney Leng, Zhuang Pinghui, “Chinese chemical plant survivors relive horror of ‘earth-shattering’ blast”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-03-22, Society:

A town in Xiangshui, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China.


Hai'an

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 海安 (Hǎi'ān).

A town in Xuwen, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.


Xiangshui

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 响水 (Xiǎngshuǐ).


Lianjiang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 連江／连江 (Liánjiāng).

連江 /连江

county in eastern China; town in eastern China ; alternative form of Lienchiang (Matsu Islands)

A town in Dingyuan, Chuzhou, Anhui, China.


Wenquan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 溫泉 /温泉 (Wēnquán).

The Yingshan County Wenquan Town Hardware Factory's Products Sell Well Abroad. The screwnails produced by the Wenquan Town Hardware Factory in Yingshan County, Hubei Province, consist of four varieties and 24 types.

1985, 中國市場 [China Market], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 49:

A Red soil (Ultisol, USDA classification) was sampled from the 11 to 40 cm layer of an upland in Wenquan, Hubei province, China.

2005, Qiaoyun Huang, Wei Liang, Peng Cai, “Adsorption, desorption and activities of acid phosphatase on various colloidal particles from an Ultisol”, in Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, volume 45, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 210:

Wenquan Town creates Bailiu tea demonstration belt and Leijia Town creates the Three Mountains and A Lawn tea industry belt.[...]From the area comparison of all villages and towns in Yingshan County, Yangliuwan Town, Leijiadian Town, Shitouzui Town and Wenquan Town have a better basis on the tea development, whose plantation areas are larger than other towns;[…]

2016, Luan Hu, Juan Yuan, Qing Wang, “The Dilemmas and Solutions of Tea Industrialization Development in Yingshan County of Hubei Province”, in Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Economy, Management and Education Technology, →DOI, archived from the original on 2021-06-01, page 1388:

A town in Yingshan, Huanggang, Hubei, China.


Qidu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 七都 (Qīdū).

Puppeteers perform a Kunqu Opera play in Qidu Town in Wujiang District of Suzhou City, China.

2023 May 21, “China’s traditional Kunqu Opera brings puppetry to life”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-08-20:

A town in Wujiang district, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.


Maolin

From Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 茂林 (Màolín).

A town in Jing County, Xuancheng, Anhui, China.


Baisha

From the Mandarin 白沙 (Báishā, literally “white sand”).

bor

A town in Hanjiang district, Putian, Fujian, China

A town in Xinluo district, Longyan, Fujian, China

A town in Zhongmu, Zhengzhou, Henan, China

A town in Yichuan, Luoyang, Henan, China

A town in Yangxin, Huangshi, Hubei, China

A town in Xiaochang, Xiaogan, Hubei, China

A town in Changning, Hengyang, Hunan, China

A town in Xinning, Shaoyang, Hunan, China

A town in Luxi, Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China

A town in Taishan, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China

A town in Leizhou, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China

A town in Yingde, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China

A town in Yangshuo, Guilin, Guangxi, China

A town in Guiping, Guigang, Guangxi, China

A town in Fuchuan, Hezhou, Guangxi, China

A town in Liujiang district, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China

A town in Jiangjin district, Chongqing, China

A town in Nanchuan district, Chongqing, China

A town in Shuangliu district, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

A town in Hejiang, Luzhou, Sichuan, China

A town in Wanyuan, Dazhou, Sichuan, China

A town in Shiqian, Tongren, Guizhou, China

A town in Qingshui, Tianshui, Gansu, China

A town in Yulong, Lijiang, Yunnan, China


Ruoqiang

/ˌɹwoʊˈt͡ʃjɑŋ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 若羌 (Ruòqiāng).

A town in Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang, China


Qiemo

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 且末.

A town in Qiemo, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Niya

In the south, the border of the Taklamakān lies along the nothern ends of the oases, mostly small, which line at intervals the foot of the K'un-lun glacis from Karghalik to Niya (Sheets Nos. 6, 9, 14, 19).

1923, Aurel Stein, Memoir on Maps of Chinese Turkistan and Kansu from the Surveys Made during Sir Aurel Stein's Explorations, Dehra Dun: Trigonometrical Survey Office, page 43:

Jiapaer Sadik Mazar
The mazar built on the pretext of the Shia Imam of the sixth generation Jiapaer Sadik, which is also called “Minfeng Grand Mazar”, is located in Niya Town of Minfeng County with an unknown building time.

2014, 于尚平 [Yu Shangping], editor, The Diversity of Xinjiang, Beijing: China Intercontinental Press (五洲传播出版社), →ISBN, →OCLC, page 173:

A town in Minfeng, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Qira

A town in Qira, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Bostan

It was not immediately clear why Tursun, who the officer said lives in Toksun’s Bostan township, was assigned to work in Kömüsh.

2021 March 15, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Xinjiang Authorities Detain Head of Township Education Committee”, in Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2021-03-15:

A town in Toksun, Turpan prefecture, Xinjiang, China, formerly a township


Lop

The attacks in Hotan (in Chinese, Hetian) prefecture’s Lop (Luopu) county, occurred at 9 p.m. on Monday and 8:15 a.m. on tuesday, killing three suicide attackers and three police officers and wounding four other policemen, said Osman Toxtixelil, the police chief of the Konabazar (Old Town) police station in Lop town. No bystanders were killed or injured in the attacks, he told RFA’s Uyghur Service.

2015 May 13, Roseanne Gerin, Shohret Hoshur, “Six Dead, Four Injured in Two Successive Suicide Attacks in China’s Xinjiang”, in Shohret Hoshur, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2015-05-18:

A town in Lop, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Waxxari

Driving on to Ruoqiang (Charkhlik), you pass the village of Waxxari close to the ancient site of Washixia, Stein's Vash Shari from the time of the Tang (618-907 AD) and the Northern Song (960-1127 AD).

2004, Judy Bonavia, The Silk Road: From Xi'an to Kashgar, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 330:

We have chosen three very remote oases (Milan, Ruoqiang, Waxxari) on the southern fringe of the Taklamakan desert in the extremely arid region of northwest China (Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). These target oases are isolated from each other as well as from other potential NO2 sources (100-150 km). Therefore, the oases can be considered as typical areal sources of predominantly soil biogenic NO. Moreover, their areal extension is pretty comparable to the typical pixel size of satellite retrievals.

2012, Y. Qi, F. Meixner, Z. Wu, S. Beirle, T. Wagner, M. Andreae, B. Mamtimin, “Tropospheric NO2 column densities over oases of the Taklamakan desert (NW-China): satellite DOAS observations and ground based Multi Axis DOAS measurements”, in Astrophysics Data System, archived from the original on 2019-12-21:

A town in Ruoqiang, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang, China, formerly a township.

瓦石峽 /瓦石峡

town and residential community in Ruoqiang, Bayingolin, Xinjiang, China


Tatrang

Grenard says (pp. 183-184) that he examined the remains of what is called the old town of Charchan, traces of the ancient canal, ruins of dwellings deep into the sand, of which the walls built of large and solid-baked bricks, are pretty well preserved. Save these bricks, "I found hardly anything, the inhabitants have pillaged everything long ago. I attempted some excavating, which turned out to be without result, as far as I was concerned; but the superstitious natives declared that they were the cause of a violent storm which took place soon after. There are similar ruins in the environs, at Yantak Koudouk, at Tatrang, one day's march to the north, and at Ouadjchahari at five days to the north-east, which corresponds to the position assigned to Lop by Marco Polo." (See Grenard's Haute Asie on Nia.)

1920, Rustichello da Pisa, translated by Henry Yule, edited by Henri Cordier, The Travels of Marco Polo, →OCLC:

Then we drove on the November 16 northwards and entered the desert at the oil camp of Tatrang. A mere 15 km into the desert, we started to see nothing but hundreds of dead poplar trees of many centuries old,[…]

2004, China Tourism, numbers 287-292, →OCLC, page 83:

A town in Qiemo, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang, China, formerly a township.

塔提讓 /塔提让

town in Qiemo, Bayingolin, Xinjiang, China


Hanerik

Borrowed from Uyghur خانئېرىق (xan'ëriq).

But residents say the Hanerik shooting victims were unarmed civilians simply seeking an end to heavy-handed policing. The seeds of the confrontation were planted in mid-June, when the authorities detained Mettursun Metseydi, the young imam of an unauthorized mosque on the rural edge of Hanerik. Mr. Metseydi had been drawing increasing crowds with sermons that condemned the government’s religious restrictions, most pointedly on head coverings.

2013 August 26, Andrew Jacobs, “Over News of Clash, a Shroud of Silence in Xinjiang”, in New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-08-29:

In a June 2013 clash between the authorities and protesters in Hanerik township near Hotan in the south of the region, official news source Tianshan Net reported that no one had died as a result of the clashes. Yet Radio Free Asia, citing local officials, reported that security forces had fired on demonstrating Uighurs rather than responding with restraint to civilian violence.

2013 December 17, Alim Seytoff, “China's darkest corner”, in Index on Censorship, →DOI, archived from the original on 2021-02-28:

On March 21, 2015, authorities in Hanerik (Han'airike) township, Hotan county, reportedly sentenced Uyghur religious scholar Qamber Amber to nine years' imprisonment, following a public trial, for defying official instruction to stop giving speeches at religious ceremonies and for otherwise "refusing to cooperate" with authorities.

2015, “Congressional-Executive Commission on China Annual Report 2015”, in Congressional-Executive Commission on China, page 286:

The other narrative, reported by Radio Free Asia, suggested that the group, who came from Hanerik township in Khotan prefecture in Xinjiang's far south, had sought to leave after a Chinese 'crackdown' in the area following a violent incident in June 2013 when police had fired on Uyghurs protesting against the arrest of a religious leader in the township.

2018, “Introduction”, in Michael Clarke, editor, Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in China: Domestic and Foreign Policy Dimensions, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 11:

In 2013, particularly serious incidents occurred on 24 April in Bachu outside Kashgar, in several separate villages in Lukqun Township near Turpan on 26 June, in Hanerik in Hotan Prefecture two days later and in August in Kargilik in Kashgar Prefecture.

2021, Kunal Mukherjee, Race, Ethnicity and Religion in Conflict Across Asia, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, →OCLC, page https://books.google.com/books?id=4LoYEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT222:

A town in Hotan County, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang, China, formerly a township.

罕艾日克

town in Hotan County, Hotan, Xinjiang, China


Karakax

Borrowed from Uyghur قاراقاش (qaraqash).

After 80km and 1½ hours there is finally some green at the turn-off to Píshān, but the desert soon reclaims the road's boundaries, threatening the road itself, until Karakax (Mòyù), about 25km before Khotan, where there are tidy cultivated fields of corn, cotton and rice.

1997, Peter Neville-Hadley, China the Silk Routes (Cadogan Guides), Globe Pequot Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 294:

6000 women were recruited for this study from the Karakax County (Karakax town and Zawa, Yawa, Karsay and Kuiya villages) of the Hotan Prefecture (Xinjiang, China). All the participants provided informed consent. The eligible women were aged between 21–60 years, sexually active, not pregnant and had no history of diagnosed CIN, cervical cancer or hysterectomy.

2017, Guzhalinuer Abulizi, Hua Li, Patiman Mijiti, Tangnuer Abulimiti, Jing Cai, Jie Gao, Dandan Meng, Reyihanguli Abula, Tunishahan Abudereyimu, Anarguli Aizezi, You Lin Qiao, “Risk factors for human papillomavirus infection prevalent among Uyghur women from Xinjiang, China”, in United States National Library of Medicine:

A town in Karakax, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Koxtag

Non-official narratives of the incident offered a more nuanced picture of who integrated what the Chinese state media labelled a 'violent terrorist group', and how events unfolded in the township of Koxtag, in Guma County (Hotan Prefecture)

2020 February, Pablo A. Rodríguez-Merino, “The Not-So-Terrorist Conflict: Analytical Deception and Political Delusion in China’s Framing of Uyghur-related Violent Events”, in Numéro, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-03-18:

A town in Pishan, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang, China, formerly a township.


Sanju

As we were to cross this range by the pass leading into Sanju, we continued down the valley to Mazar Badshah Abubekr, 19 miles below Shadula, where the road to the Sanju Pass leaves the Karakash Valley, and ascends up a very confined ravine leading to the pass.

1870, G. W. Hayward, “Journey from Leh to Yarkand and Kashgar, and Exploration of the Sources of the Yarkand River”, in Journal of the Royal Geographic Society, volume 40, London: John Murray, →OCLC, page 67:

The Hakim of Guma visited the Mission as it passed through a portion of his district between Sanju and Kargalik. In a present of game sent by him we saw for the first time the "Shaw" pheasant, which to the ordinary eye looks exactly like our own home bird. We heard of ibex on the heights above Sanju, but were unable to go out after them.

1876, Thomas Edward Gordon, The Roof of the World, Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, →OCLC, page 36:

But a police officer in Guma’s Chawda township acknowledged that authorities in Ayup’s nearby home township of Sanju had briefly detained him there at the end of last year.

2018 May 18, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Popular Uyghur Singer’s Whereabouts Unknown, Believed Detained in Xinjiang Re-Education Camp”, in Mamatjan Juma, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2018-05-22:


Xaidulla

Borrowed from Uyghur شەيدۇللا (sheydulla), ultimately from Arabic شَهِيدُ اللّٰه (šahīdu allāh, literally “witness of God”).

der

شَهِيدُ اللّٰه

Thus, embittered and with his career in crisis, Johnson had spent the last season, 1864, rounding off his work in the north-eastern corner of Ladakh. In the process he had again beaten his own world altitude record by reaching a point 23,000 feet above sea level. He had also crossed the Karakoram pass and continued for three days towards Yarkand before turning back. At the time the Maharaja of Kashmir, without apparently consulting the British, had established an advance garrison well beyond the pass at a place called Shahidulla. This excursion of Johnson’s was therefore safe enough and though his survey work there was rather haphazard, he was not censured for crossing the frontier.

[1977, John Keay, Explorers of the Western Himalayas, 1820-1895, published 1996, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 202:

The next day we came to Xaidulla, a cluster of walled compounds, old buildings made of mud brick, new ones of concrete, a few bushes, but mostly a road stop filled with blue trucks driven by Uighurs from Kashgar and Urumqi.

1991, Jeremy Schmidt, Himalayan Passage, Seattle: The Mountaineers, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 119:

Mazar to Dahongliutan [256km] - From Mazar (3,790m) it takes around 9 hours by truck. At Xaidulla there is only a Daoban (Road Maintenance Depot). On the northern side of the river, the old-looking fortress is actually a relatively new structure built during the Kuomintang (Nationalists) Government period.

2000, Atsushi Kanamaru, editor, Mapping the Tibetan World, 1st edition, Kotan Publishing, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 158:

The road turns east and climbs over the Kirgizjangal Pass (kilometre marker 09; 4930m) to the large village of Xaidulla (Sài Túlā; kilometre marker 363; 3700m), the largest town en route.

2011, Bradley Mayhew, Michael Kohn, Daniel McCrohan, Tibet, 8th edition, Lonely Planet, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 355:

Ranbir also had possibly wanted to expand his territory into the fertile Shahidulla (Xaidulla) area of Sinkiang, located north-east of J&K beyond the Karakorams and accessed via the Shimshal Pass, ‘the Gateway to Hunza’.

2015, Christopher Snedden, Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris, Hurst & Company, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page https://archive.org/details/kashmir_20210703/Understanding%20Kashmir%20and%20Kashmiris%20-%20Christopher%20Snedden/page/n91/:

A town in Pishan, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Guma

He started by asking the elders and officials whether they knew of the discovery of any old books in the desert around Guma. Nobody had. Of the list of sites which Islam Akhun had included in his itinerary published by Hoernle, only two were known to them. As both lay close to Guma, Stein rode out to inspect them.

1984, Peter Hopkirk, Foreign Devils on the Silk Road, John Murray, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 77:

固瑪 /固玛

county in Hotan, Xinjiang, China; town in Pishan, Hotan, Xinjiang, China


Zhangqiao

/ˈd͡ʒɑŋ.t͡ʃɑʊ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 張橋／张桥 (Zhāngqiáo).

The group of seven had driven up to a village in Zhangqiao town in a minivan late one September night. There, they used home-made traps to catch the geckos, which they planned to sell. But they were caught and the 1,689 geckos that they caught were released back into the wild.

2014 December 22, Zhuang Pinghui, “Chinese men fined for catching almost 1,700 protected wild geckos in one night”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2014-12-23:

A town in Yanling, Xuchang, Henan, China, formerly a township.


Taocheng

From the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 陶城 (Táochéng).


Laskuy

Farmer Mettohti Imin, his teenage son Abdusalam Mettohti, and a family friend were taken into custody in late March after confronting “more than 100 police officers” who had come to seize land communally owned by Aktash village in Xinjiang’s Laskuy township^([sic – meaning town]), a resident told RFA’s Uyghur Service.

2013 April 12, Rukiye Turdush, Joshua Lipes., “Three Uyghurs Held for Resisting Land Takeover”, in Rukiye Turdush, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2015-09-08:

Earlier this year, authorities in the township^([sic – meaning town]) of Laskuy, Hotan County^([sic – meaning City]), issued an announcement in the town seat of Aktash Village that “all restaurants and supermarkets in our village should place five different brands of alcohol and cigarettes in their shops” and create “eye-catching displays” to promote the forbidden products. “[A]nybody who neglects this notice and fails to act” the notice warned, “will see their shops sealed off, their business suspended, and legal action pursued against them.”

2015 June 23, Ryan Kilpatrick, “Uyghur exiles blast pre-Ramadan ‘beer competition’ held by Communist Youth League”, in Hong Kong Free Press, archived from the original on 2015-07-03:

In April 2015, authorities in Aktash village, Laskuy township, Hotan county, Hotan prefecture, XUAR, ordered local shopkeepers to sell alcohol and cigarettes — the use of which many local Muslims considered a "sin" and "self-destructive," respectively¹¹⁷- as well as to display the alcohol and cigarettes prominently.¹¹⁸

2015 October 8, Congressional-Executive Commission on China Annual Report 2015, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, published 2015, →OCLC, page 126:

A town in Hotan City, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang, China.

拉斯奎

town in Hotan City, Hotan, Xinjiang, China


Baghchi

A 34-year-old from Hotan, arrested in Baghchi and deprived of political rights for 4 years

2006, China Rights Forum, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 12:

Imin Memtimin, 41, who has played an active role in police operations in Sadiqawat village of Baghchi township^([sic – meaning town]) in Hotan county, was kidnapped from his home on the morning of March 9.

2015 March 23, Roseanne Gerin, Shohret Hoshur, “Police Raids Yield No Clues About Kidnapped Uyghur Village Police Chief”, in Shohret Hoshur, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2015-03-24:

In 2019, a survey in three villages of Baghchi Town, Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture counted a total population of 5,307, with 1,699 people capable of work, of whom, 1,493, or 88 percent, were keen to work outside their home villages. Of the remainder, 180 preferred to work locally in township enterprises, village factories, or poverty-relief cooperatives offering an average monthly salary of RMB3,000; the other 26 wished to start businesses locally, engaging in transport and logistics, property management and household services, construction, hairdressing, catering or retail stores.

2020 September 17, “Full Text: Employment and Labor Rights in Xinjiang”, in huaxia, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2020-09-20:

A survey in three villages of Baghchi Town, Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture counted a total population of 5307 and a labor force of 1,699, among which 1,493 are willing to work outside voluntarily, accounting for 88 percent of the total labor force.

2021 December 14, “The So Called “Forced Labor” Constitutes a Shameless Slander”, in Sayyara, editor, Tianshannet, archived from the original on 2022-02-20:

A town in Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Chikan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 赤坎 (Chìkǎn).

Close to 4,000 households are being forced out of a centuries-old town on the western edge of the Pearl River Delta by their local government, which has teamed up with an investment firm to turn it into a tourist attraction.
It’s not what the residents of Chikan’s old town expected when the nearby Kaiping diaolous – fortified, multi-storey dwellings – were put on the World Heritage List by Unesco in 2007.

2017 August 28, He Huifeng, “Families who’ve lived in old Chinese town for generations being kicked out to make way for tourists”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-08-28, China:

A town in Kaiping, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China.


Heshan

zh-l

鶴山／鹤山 (Hèshān)

A town and former township in Ningyang, Tai'an, Shandong, China


Nanhai

A town in Songzi, Jingzhou, Hubei, China


Taxkorgan

Borrowed from Uyghur تاشقورغان (tashqorghan).

A town in Taxkorgan, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Makit

A town in Makit, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Nanri

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 南日 (Nánrì).

A U.S. warship twice intruded into China's territorial waters south of Tsungwu and Nanjih Island in Fukien Province between 1733 and 2110 hours yesterday and between 2309 hours yesterday and 0431 hours today.

[1964 October 16 [1964 October 15], “Foreign Ministry Issues 330th Serious Warning”, in Daily Report: Foreign Radio Broadcasts, number 203, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Peking NCNA International Service, →OCLC, Communist China: International Affairs, page BBB 16:

Among them, the raid against Nanjih and Tungshan were the largest in size and the lessons and experiences gained the greatest.[…]
4,500 Government troops sailed successively from Kinmen for Nanjih on 10 Oct., 1952. Due to heavy sea, the ships were not moored until 0630, 11 October.

[1971, “Armed Forces Reorganization and National Recovery”, in Wen Ha-hsiung, transl., A Brief History of the Chinese National Revolutionary Forces, 2nd edition, Taipei: Chung Wu Publishing Co., →OCLC, page 265:

The Nationalists also carried out guerrilla raids against Communist-held islands. For example, on 11 October 1952 five thousand Nationalist regulars and guerrillas raided Nanri Island, off the southern coast of Fujian.

1982, Bruce Swanson, Eighth Voyage of the Dragon: A History of China's Quest for Seapower, Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 186:

Fishermen carry a sedan chair and rush to the sea at Nanri Island in Putian, southeast China's Fujian Province, Feb. 22, 2019. This traditional custom named "Chonghai" represents the wishes about the safety of fishermen on the sea and a good harvest in fishing.

2019 February 26, “Traditional custom "Chonghai" of Nanri Island in SE China's Fujian”, in China Internet Information Center, archived from the original on 2019-04-28:

A town in Xiuyu district, Putian, Fujian, China.


Awat

A town in Yarkant, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China


Shijing

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 石井 (Shíjǐng).

The day 1 February marks the 320h anniversary of the recovery of Taiwan by national hero Zheng Chenggong. With profound reverence, this reporter recently paid a visit to Shijing Township of Nanan County, Fujian Province, the hero's native place.

1982 February 12 [1982 February 2], “Beijing Views Native Place of Zheng Chenggong”, in China Report: Political, Sociological and Military Affairs, number 271, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 43:

Shijing, a township in Nan’an County west of Quanzhou was the ancestral home of Zheng Chenggong (1624-1662), also known as Koxinga, the famous Ming loyalist general who succeeded in chasing the Dutch out of Taiwan in the early Qing dynasty.

1990 December, An Ge, “Western Shores of the Straits”, in China Tourism, number 126, H.K. China Tourism Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 20-21:

A town in Nan'an, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.


Saghan

As a rule, those coming from Atush, Kashgar city, and surrounding areas first stopped to pray at the Häzriti Begim Mazar in Yengisar's Saghan village before continuing on the Ordam (Fig. 3).

2016, Kashgar Revisited: Uyghur Studies in Memory of Ambassador Gunnar Jarring, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 238:

Yusupjan, a security worker in Yengisar county’s Saghan village, said his sister’s friend may have been terrified and made up the story in order to save herself from further questioning.

2017 September 19, Shohret Hoshur, Richard Finney, “Uyghur Woman Handed 10-Year Prison Term Over Headscarf Claim”, in Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2017-09-20:

An officer at the Saghan township police station told RFA that at least one other policeman from the township, who had been promoted and served for the last five years as an assistant officer patrolling China’s border, was fired after his relatives were arrested for “extremism.”

2017 November 6, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Families of Uyghur Police Officers Among Those Detained in Xinjiang’s Kashgar”, in Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2018-02-02:

A town in Yengisar, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China, formerly a township.


Yengisar

We passed a good deal of motor transport on the road which led to Yengisar and Yarkant. Kashgar is a trucking centre, and at night, then around dawn, one can hear convoys starting out to cross deserts and mountains.

1976, Rewi Alley, “Kashgar and Khotan in South Sinkiang”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XV, number 5, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 15, column 1:

Sixty-eight kilometeres southeast of Kashgar is the small town of Yengisar, whose 400-year history of knife-making has made it famous throughout Xinjiang. A Yengisar knife is essential for every Uygur man, who wears it slung around his waist. A knife is especially important during the melon season, when it is produced with a ceremonial flair and thoroughly cleaned before use by cutting off the base of a melon. Knives are carefully chosen; hand-made ones encrusted with stones and inlaid with silver are highly valued, but just as effective are the sturdier ones with bone or horn handles and carving on the blade.

1993, Judy Bonavia, The Silk Road From Xi'an to Kashgar, Passport Books, NTC Publishing Group, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 276:

More knives for sale in Yengisar, China. The Uighur craft of knife-making is often passed from father to son.

2014 September 17, Julie Makinen, “Great Read: For China’s Uighurs, knifings taint an ancient craft”, in Los Angeles Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-10-16:

A town in Yengisar, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Gangwei

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 港尾 (Gǎngwěi).

Also on 30 April, Trawler No. 1107 of Jinyu Island, Gangwei Town, Longhai County, Zhangzhou City was fishing a few nautical miles off Penghu Island when it was forcibly towed away by a KMT gunboat. The 16 crew members on board were detained for seven days by the garrisoned troops and were only released on 8 May.

1990 May 31 [1990 May 30], “Incidents of Kuomintang Troops Shooting at and Towing Away Fishing Boats Along the Coast of Fujian Province Occur Over and Over Again”, in Daily Report: China, number 105, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from China News Service, translation of original in Chinese, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 67, column 1:

The Shenwo gneissic granite (DS-24-2) in the Gangwei area, south of Xiamen, belongs to the southern PDMB.

2012 October, Qian Liu, Jin-Hai Yu, Qin Wang, Bin Su, Mei-Fu Zhou, Hai Xu, Xiang Cui, “Ages and geochemistry of granites in the Pingtan–Dongshan Metamorphic Belt, Coastal South China: New constraints on Late Mesozoic magmatic evolution”, in Lithos, volume 150, →DOI, →ISSN, page 277:

An entrance guard clears mud at the gate of government of Gangwei Township in Longhai of Zhangzhou City, southeast China's Fujian Province, July 19, 2013.

2013 July 20, “Cimaron brings heavy rains to Fujian”, in China Internet Information Center, archived from the original on 2013-07-20:

[…]we left Amoy at Four, arrived near Kang Beh [Gangwei 港尾] at 5 1⁄2, and walked Sunday morning before breakfast to the hot springs;[…]

2017, Koos Kuiper, quoting De Grijs, The Early Dutch Sinologists (1854-1900), Brill Publishers, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 188:

A town in Longhai, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China, formerly a township.


Huangqu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 黃渠 /黄渠 (Huángqú).

In a Gansu court record, Dui Hua discovered an incident leading to the arrest of more than thirty Almighty God members. On December 6, 2012, 32 members of the Almighty God group entered a busy area near a Huangqu Township government building in Dunhuang city to distribute religious texts and perform religious songs and dance.

2018 June, “PRISONER UPDATE”, in Dui Hua Foundation, archived from the original on 2021-04-11:

Tourists visit a forest of desert poplar or populus euphratica in Huangqu Town, Dunhuang City, Northwest China's Gansu Province. During the autumn months, the town has drawn tourists eager to see the striking golden leaves of the trees against clear, blue skies.

2018 October 12, “Golden leaves draw tourists to northwestern county (1/6)”, in Yao Lan, editor, China News Service, archived from the original on 2018-10-20:

A town in Dunhuang, Jiuquan, Gansu, China.


Zhuanqukou

jwänʹchüʹkōʹ

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 轉渠口 /转渠口.

Generally, the water level had a rising trend in the north of Huangqu town and Zhuanqukou town and along both sides of Dang river, but the level in the east and west of Danghe had a[...]

2011, Juncang Yang, Zhiheng Li, “The dynamic trends and prevention countermeasures of groundwater in Danghe irrigation, Dunhuang basin”, in 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection, →DOI, →OCLC:

A middle-aged famer from Zhuanqukou Village says that his annual income from the crops is only 2,000 yuan (US$322.2 yuan), a number which is barely there. Water shortage has become a bottleneck for the economic development of Dunhuang, Gansu Province.

2014 April 8, “The endless dry spells of Dunhuang”, in China Internet Information Center, archived from the original on 2021-05-24:

In addition, according to the monitoring data of groundwater level twice per year in the Danghe irrigation area from 2008 to 2010, the declined range of 0.10–0.50 m/a was mainly occurred from Suzhou town to Mengjiaqiao town and the Northeastern Mogao town; the declined range of 0.10–0.30 m/a was mainly distributed from Zhuanqukou, Guojiabao to Mogao town and around them; the declined range of 0.10–0.20 m/a was mainly distributed in the south of the Dunhuang irrigation area and other districts.

2016 June, “Land use/land cover change and driving effects of water environment system in Dunhuang Basin, northwestern China”, in Environmental Earth Sciences, volume 75, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-07-25, page 9:

A nurse of the Dunhuang medical community gives a patient an intravenous injection at the central hospital of Zhuanqukou town, Dunhuang city, Gansu province, Nov 27, 2018

2018 November 28, “Dunhuang medical community improves treatment”, in State Council of the People's Republic of China, archived from the original on 2021-05-24:

There are nine towns in Dunhuang, Shazhou Town, Mogao Town, Yueyaquan Town, Zhuanqukou Town, Qili Town, Yangguan Town, Suzhou Town, Guojiapuzhen Village and Huangqu Village.

2022, Jinbao Liu, “Thosuand's Years of Vicissitudes About Dunhuang”, in Ming Chen, Meng Wang, transl., The General Theory of Dunhuang Studies, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2:


Tailu

From the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 苔菉 (Táilù).

There is a large surplus of labour in Tailu commune of Lianjiang County, Fujian Province.

1981, Beijing Review, volume 24, →OCLC, page 17:

At about 0110 on 6 August, four crew members of the "Minlianyu 0210" fishing boat of Nan Village of Lianjiang County’s Tailu Town were looking for fishing tackle near the Latou Reef south of the Xiyin Island, when troops of the Taiwan authorities on Xiyin Island fired at them and 28-year old^([sic – meaning year-old]) captain Chen Yingtong of the fishing boat was wounded twice in the left side of his chest.

1995 August 10 [1995 August 9], ARATS, quotee, “ARATS Condemns Killing of Mainland Fisherman”, in Daily Report: China, number 95-154, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Beijing XINHUA Domestic Service, translation of original in Chinese, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 68, columns 1–2:

The fishing vessel and crew members returned to Tailu township in the early morning of 12th April.[...]two metal-cased trawlers from Tailu township, Lianjiang County[...]

1998, Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific, numbers 3202-3214, BBC Monitoring, →ISSN, →OCLC:

The bus was traveling from Tailu Town, in Lianjiang County, to Fuzhou City. Most of the passengers were residents of Tailu Town.

2004 August 24, “17 Killed as Bus Plummets Down Slope”, in China Internet Information Center, archived from the original on 2004-08-24:

The villages of Tailu, Beijiao, and Xiubang in the Tailu township in Lienchiang county and Kungtung, Kunghsi, Yantai, and Wenwo in Haidao township in Xiapu county in Fujian Province were randomly selected for this cross-sectional investigation, which took place from July, 2011 to November, 2011.[...]
Inclusion criteria were voluntary participants aged 30 years or more living in Tailu and Haidao townships for more than 5 years.

2014, Pengli Zhu, Feng Huang, Fan Lin, Qiaowei Li, Yin Yuan, Zhonghai Gao, Falin Chen, “The Relationship of Retinal Vessel Diameters and Fractal Dimensions with Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk Factors”, in PLOS One, volume 9, number 9, →DOI, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 2, column 1:

Fishermen reinforce the fishing gear on the shore in Houwan Village of Tailu Town in Lianjiang County, southeast China's Fujian Province, July 10, 2018, as Typhoon Maria, the eighth typhoon this year, approaches the Chinese coast.

2018 July 11, “Residents evacuated, boats moored as Typhoon Maria approaches China”, in Yurou, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2018-07-15:

A town in Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.


Huangqi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 黃岐／黄岐 (Huángqí).

黃岐／黄岐 (Huángqí)

When a fishing boat of Huangqi township of Fujian's Lianjiang county, which was engaged in nongovernmental trade, was having a transaction with a Matzu trader near the waters of Matzu island on the afternoon of 23 April, the troops garrisoned in Matzu opened fire at them, killing one and injuring two.

1995 May 2 [1995 April 28], “Matzu Troops Fire at Fishermen, Killing One”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, numbers 95-084, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, translation of original by Zhou Xiang (0719 5046) [周翔], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 88, column 2:

Cleaners clear the floating waste at a fishing harbour in Huangqi Township of Lianjiang County, southeast China's Fujian Province, June 6, 2017. Local authorities have devoted efforts to regularly clear the floating garbage along the seashore.

2017, “Local authorities make efforts to clear floating garbage along seashore in SE China”, in Zhang Dongmiao, editor, Xinhua News Agency:


Pingtan

A town in Huiyang district, Huizhou, Guangdong, China


Tancheng

From the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 潭城 (Tánchéng).

Tancheng on the island of Pingtan, in China’s Fujian Province, is pictured on Oct. 23 last year. Pingtan is physically China’s closest spot to Taiwan.

2014 February 9, “FEATURE: China woos Taiwan with offshore ‘common homeland’”, in Taipei Times, sourced from AFP, PINGTAN, China, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-03-28, Taiwan News, page 3:

A town in Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China


Nezerbagh

Borrowed from Uyghur نەزەرباغ (nezerbagh).

A Uyghur officer from the Nezerbagh township police station on the outskirts of Kashgar also refused to comment on the notice, but acknowledged that a special regulation is currently in place in the region to control the purchase and sale of tools with blades on them, as well as how the items are used.

2015 September 14, Eset Sulaiman, Joshua Lipes, “Authorities in Xinjiang Require Special Permits to Buy Kitchen Knives”, in Eset Sulaiman, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2015-09-29:

After receiving information about the implementation of the Sanxin Huodong campaign in Kashgar (in Chinese, Kashi) city’s Nezerbagh township, RFA’s Uyghur Service contacted a government employee there who refused to comment on the situation.

2020 January 9, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Uyghurs in Xinjiang Ordered to Replace Traditional Décor With Sinicized Furniture”, in Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2020-01-10:

A town in Kashgar, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China, formerly a township.


Shamalbagh

Borrowed from Uyghur شامالباغ (shamalbagh).

“The group tried to attack people inside casino, but they failed to enter because the security guards immediately closed the door, so the group attacked bystanders in front of the establishment,” said a police officer from Kashgar’s Shamalbagh police station, which has jurisdiction over the area.

2015 March 16, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Chinese Police Shoot Four Uyghurs Dead After Casino Knife Attack”, in Shohret Hoshur, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2015-04-07:

Shamalbagh Town Food Street resumes business too! At noon on March 23, diners enjoy food in the food street and start a happy new week.

2020 March 27, “An article with the smell of delicious food: the following food streets and night markets in Xinjiang are open!”, in Cheng Li, editor, Tianshannet, archived from the original on 2020-05-18:

Recently, I've come across cases of Uyghurs who have come to Beijing to petition because they didn't receive reasonable compensation when their houses were torn down. For example, several dozen households only received 350 yuan per square meter when they were evicted in Shamalbagh, Kashgar.

2022 [2012 December 13], Ilham Tohti, “We Uyghurs Have No Say (2012)”, in We Uyghurs Have No Say: An Imprisoned Writer Speaks, Verso, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 135–136:


Aykol

On August 7, on the eve of the Eid holiday marking the end of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan, police in Aykol township, Aksu prefecture, reportedly sought to prevent residents from another village from engaging in cross-village worship,¹⁰⁵ and detained several Uyghur men for engaging in "illegal religious activities."

2013 October 10, Congressional-Executive Commission on China, Annual Report 2013, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, page 169:

A poor villager named Habibulla Mamut from Aykol Town of Aksu City applied for a position with an electrical appliance company in Hangzhou at a local job fair, was offered the post, and earned RMB55,000 that year, raising himself and his family out of poverty.

2020 September 17, “Full Text: Employment and Labor Rights in Xinjiang”, in huaxia, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2020-09-20:

Authorities in Aykol township of Aksu city (in Chinese, Akesu) city allowed only Uyghurs over the age of 50 to participate in worship services during the holiday on July 20-23, the officer from the district’s police station told RFA last week.[...]The senior police officer in Aykol told RFA that more than 170 Uyghurs accused of violating regulations regarding Eid prayers are currently being held in custody, though he said he could not comment on their whereabouts or whether they were being detained in “re-education” camps or detention centers.[...]Following this year’s Eid prayers in Aksu, police checked the identification cards and searched the homes of those who attended prayer services to verify that they were over 50 years old, said an Aykol resident who declined to be named for safety reasons.

2021 July 30, Shohret Hoshur, Roseanne Gerin, “Police in China’s XUAR Question Uyghurs For Attending Eid Prayers Without Permission”, in Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2021-07-30:

A town in Aksu, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang, China


Tokkuzak

In Tokkuzak town of Kashgar, over hundred students and teachers were arrested for performing collective prayer.

2005 July 20, Rebiya Kadeer, “Letter from Rebiya Kadeer, Human Rights Activist, to the Congress of the United States”, in Falun Gong and China's Continuing War on Human Rights, →OCLC, page 3:

Chinese President Xi Jinping (C) poses for a group photo with pupils and teachers of the central primary school in Tokkuzak Township, Shufu County, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, April 28, 2014. Xi made an inspection tour in Xinjiang from April 27 to 30.

2014 May 4, “President Xi Jinping makes inspection tour in Xinjiang (4)”, in People's Daily, archived from the original on 2021-05-02:

A teacher instructs a student in calligraphy at the central primary school in Tokkuzak Township, Shufu County, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

2017, Jia Zhao, Huang Xiaoxi, “Clapper talk, calligraphy changing Uygur life”, in Shanghai Daily:

The official could not say which of Gulnisa’s poems got her arrested, what crime Gulnisa had been charged with, or whether she had a trial. But he did confirm that she is serving her sentence in Mush Women’s prison in Tokkuzak (Toukezhake) township in Kashgar (Kashi) prefecture.

2021 December 15, Shohret Hoshur, “Uyghur poet imprisoned on separatism charges in China’s Xinjiang”, in Roseanne Gerin, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2021-12-15:

A town in Shufu, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China