Spratly Islands

Named after British whaling captain Richard Spratly who sighted the islands in 1843.

named-after

On the other hand, two moves by Japan during this period may have a certain significance. The first was announcement of Japanese occupation of the Spratly islands on March 31, complemented by the annexation, on April 18, of a group of reefs and islets 300 miles long between French Indo-China, the Philippines and British North Borneo in the South China Sea.[…]
The line of least resistance, however, clearly lies toward the south. France and Britain, in particular, would have small military and naval forces at their disposal to protect their eastern possession; or the oil of the Dutch East Indies—for Japan the greatest prize of all. The occupation of Hainan and the Spratly islands has already pointed the way. Only one serious obstacle threatens attainment of this objective: the United States.

1939 April 21, T. A. Bisson, “Roosevelt Appeal Jolts Dictators”, in Foreign Policy Bulletin, volume XVIII, number 26, Foreign Policy Association, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 2-3:

Japan has strengthened its naval position during the war by occupying Hainan Island, located midway between Hong Kong and French Indo-China and squarely athwart the sea route from Hong Kong to Singapore, and the Spratly Islands, off the coast of Indo-China, a little group of coral reefs which may be useful as advanced submarine bases.[…]
Japan remained relatively passive during the first weeks of the new crisis generated by Hitler’s eastward march and the efforts of Great Britain to forge a wall of resistance among the East European countries. The seizure of the Spratly Islands, a small group of coral reefs off the southeastern coast of Indo-China, was a minor operation, although this would certainly not have taken place if France had not been too much concerned in Europe to assert its right of ownership over the Spratly group.

1942, William Henry Chamberlin, “Can Japan Rule East Asia?”, in Japan Over Asia, Revised and Enlarged edition, Garden City, NY: Blue Ribbon Books, →OCLC, pages 424, 430:

In the eastern hemisphere the Japanese occupied the island of Hainan off French Indo-China; annexed the Spratly islands further south, between Indo-China and Borneo; and continued local gains in north China.

1945 January 20, “Seven New Year's Days”, in Army Talks, volume III, number 2, page 5:

The Spratly Islands in the South China Sea are still occupied by troops of the Republic of China, according to Major General Li Chang-hao, spokesman of the Ministry of National Defense.

1975 May 11, “ROC still holds Spratly Islands; no Red challenge”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVI, number 18, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1:

As far as can be determined, all of the Spratly Islands are capped by active coral reef and there are no other rock outcrops. Most of the ‘islands’ are under water at high tide, but some maintain a partial low elevation of a rim surrounding a lagoon, in which case they are sparsely vegetated and inhabited by sea birds. There are no indigenous human inhabitants, but tourists visit for diving and fishing and the military occupy many for territorial claims.

2010 October 9, Charles S. Hutchison, V.R. Vijayan, “What are the Spratly Islands?”, in Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, volume 39, number 5, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

A United States P8A surveillance aircraft flying near the disputed Spratly islands in the South China Sea on May 20 was asked by the Chinese navy to leave the area.

2015 May 21, “Chinese navy warns off U.S. reconnaissance plane over Spratlys”, in Focus Taiwan, archived from the original on 2022-09-27, Cross-Strait:

On December 10, a flotilla of 40 boats set off from the Philippine coastal town of El Nido in Palawan province to a group of islets and shoals in the South China Sea called the Spratly Islands, parts of which are claimed by several countries.

2023 December 26, Wesley Rahn, “Why the South China Sea was turbulent in 2023”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2023-12-26, Conflicts:

A group of islands, atolls, reefs, and cays in the South China Sea.


Tiran

Arabian Peninsula
Arabian Peninsula#English

Ellipsis of Tiran Island. An island formerly of Egypt, since 2017 of Saudi Arabia An island located between the southern end of the Sinai Peninsula and Arabian Peninsula.


Montecristo

An island in Italy, in the Tyrrhenian Sea, a small Italian island between Corsica and the Italian Peninsula

An island in the Usulután department, El Salvador


Aberdeenshire

/ˌæb.ɚˈdinˌʃɚ/

A council area in north-east Scotland, created in 1996 on the abolition of Grampian Region. (The city of Aberdeen is separate and has its own council.)


British and Irish Isles

The British and Irish Isles are swinging and peaceful, pretentious and friendly, Dickensian gloomy and Carneby fresh, and so much more. There is a bit of everything — except too much sun or tastily-prepared foods. But, of course, it wouldn't be authentic without fog or greasy eggs.

1974, Bob Cope, Claudette Cope, European camping and caravaning, page 140:

To understand how a customary tenure developed across the entire province of Ulster, it is necessary to view the development of a capitalist private property system from the broader perspective of the relationship between the capitalist core and its various peripheries in the British and Irish Isles.

1999, Martin W. Dowling, Tenant right and agrarian society in Ulster, 1600-1870, page 11:

From the early seventeenth century, when sustained migrations began a process of re-peopling in the emerging colonies of settlement, emigrants from the British and Irish Isles outnumbered those from any other European nation.

2012, Tanja Bueltmann, editor, Locating the English Diaspora, 1500-2010, page 1:


Kentish

A dialect of Old English that was spoken in the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Kent.


barrier island

Perhaps as startling as the sheer toll was the devastation to some of the state’s well-known locales. Boardwalks along the beach in Seaside Heights, Belmar and other towns on the Jersey Shore were blown away. Amusement parks, arcades and restaurants all but vanished. Bridges to barrier islands buckled, preventing residents from even inspecting the damage to their property.

2012 October 31, David M. Halbfinger, New York Times, retrieved 2012-10-31:

An island close to, and parallel to, the main coastline.


Prince of Wales

en-noun

Prince of Wales (plural Princes of Wales)

Reassured and pleased with the railway, the Queen returned from Paddington to Slough on June 23, bringing with her the infant Prince of Wales, afterwards King Edward VII.

1953 June, “Royal Railway Journeys”, in Railway Magazine, page 364:

Furthermore, two of the Princesses of Wales — Lady Anne Neville and Katharine of Aragon — became Queen through later marriages and were not consorts of Princes of Wales at the time of their coronations.

1983, Mary Beacock Fryer, Arthur Bousfield, Garry Toffoli, “Introduction”, in Lives of the Princesses of Wales, Toronto, Ont.: Dundurn Press, →ISBN, page 6, column 1:

A royal title given to the male heir apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom.


Stroud

A city in Creek County and Lincoln County, Oklahoma, United States.


Tate

From Middle English *Tate, partially from Old English Tāta, from Proto-West Germanic *tait, from Proto-Germanic *taitaz (“radiant, glad, cheerful, tender”); and partially from Old Norse Táta, a personal name of unknown meaning. Doublet of Tait and Zeiss.

der

A male given name from Old English transferred back from the surname.


Heath

Heath (disambiguation)#Places
Heath (name)

A number of places in the United Kingdom:

A village in Heath and Holmewood parish, North East Derbyshire district, Derbyshire, England (OS grid ref SK4466).

Heath and Holmewood
Heath and Holmewood#English

North East Derbyshire
North East Derbyshire#English

A hamlet in Leintwardine parish, Herefordshire, England (OS grid ref SO3876).

A hamlet in Abdon and Heath parish, Shropshire, England (OS grid ref SO5585).

A suburb of Stourbridge, Metropolitan Borough of Dudley, West Midlands, England (OS grid ref SO8983).

A small village in Warmfield cum Heath parish, City of Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England (OS grid ref SE3520).

Warmfield cum Heath
Warmfield cum Heath#English

A suburb and ward in the City of Cardiff, Wales (OS grid ref ST1780).

(with the definite article) Hampstead Heath, a park in London.


George Cross

New Zealand's 2nd highest military award


Halmahera

A large island in Indonesia, the largest in the Maluku islands.


Rongelap

Marshall Islands
Marshall Islands#English


Salamis

The largest island in the Saronic Gulf, near Athens, Greece, where a famous battle in the Persian Wars took place.


pampootie

[T]hey showed me holes in their own pampooties, or cowskin sandals, and asked me the price of new ones.

1907, J. M. Synge, The Aran Islands, Part I:

Quickly, warningfully Buck Mulligan bent down […] "He heard you pissed on his halldoor in Glasthule. He's out in pampooties to murder you."

1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 9]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

Sebastian sat on the window sill. Tony leaning against the stove, grinning over his folded arms, a pair of pampooties on his crossed feet.

1955, J P Donleavy, The Ginger Man, published 1955 (France), page 275:

A traditional shoe, formerly made and worn on the Aran Islands of County Galway, Ireland, consisting of a single piece of untanned hide folded around the foot and stitched with twine or a leather strap.


Beachcomber

A retreat in Smiths Bay, Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia.

A private island, one of the Mamanuca Islands in Fiji.


Taliabu

The Indonesian islands of Taliabu, Peleng and Batudaka are in a region named Wallacea, after Alfred Russel Wallace, the 19th-century naturalist who developed a theory of evolution alongside Charles Darwin’s.

2020 January 9, Karen Weintraub, “Trove of New Bird Species Found on Remote Indonesian Islands”, in The New York Times:

An island of the Moluccas, in the province of North Maluku, Indonesia.


Sriharikota

From Sanskrit श्री (śrī) + हरि (hari) + Telugu కోట (kōṭa).

A barrier island off the coast of the southern state of Andhra Pradesh in India. It houses the Satish Dhawan Space Centre.


Monchique

a small islet off the coast of the island of Flores, in the western part of the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores


Puna

An island off the coast of southern Ecuador.


Bridgend

A county borough in Wales which includes the town.


Takuu

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English

A small atoll off the east coast of Papua New Guinea.


Anutan

en-adj

Anutan (comparative more Anutan, superlative most Anutan)

more Anutan (comparative)
most Anutan (superlative)

Of or relating to Anuta, one of the Solomon Islands.


Vanikoro

An island of the Santa Cruz group, belonging to the Solomon Islands.


Nomuka

Ellipsis of Nomuka Island.: An island in Nomuka, Tonga Archipelago, Tonga, Polynesia, Oceania, Pacific ocean


Pictland

He, through the wealth wherein he did abound, / This daughter thought in wedlocke to have bound / Unto the Prince of Picteland […].

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

Either the long-dead wheelwright didn't think of that – or else early Pictland had gravelled roads.

(Scottish history) The northeastern part of Scotland, formerly inhabited by the Picts.


Medway

From Old English Medwæġe, from Romano-British Late Latin Madus.

A major river which flows through East Sussex and Kent, southern England, and into the Thames Estuary.

A unitary authority in North Kent, England, which includes the Medway Towns on both sides of the river.


Melton

en-proper noun

Melton (countable and uncountable, plural Meltons)

From Old English middel (“middle”) + tūn (“enclosure”). Compare Middleton and Milton.

A village and civil parish in East Suffolk district, Suffolk, England (OS grid ref TM2850).


English as apple pie

(UK, simile) Having characteristics considered quintessential to English or British life.


Worthing

Worthing (countable and uncountable, plural Worthings)

* The name of the village in Norfolk derives from Old English worþig (“enclosure”).
* The name of the town in West Sussex derives from the unattested Old English personal name *Weorþ + -ing (“belonging to”).

Hoe and Worthing
Hoe and Worthing#English

A village in Hoe and Worthing parish, Breckland district, Norfolk, England (OS grid ref TF9919).

A coastal town and borough in West Sussex, England.

A city in Lincoln County, South Dakota, United States.

(countable) A habitational surname from Old English.


Arans

(in the plural) The Aran Islands, a group of islands off the northwest coast of Ireland.


Solihull

Perhaps a form of soily hill: the parish church of St Alphege was built on a hill of stiff red marl.

A large town in Warwickshire and metropolitan borough of the West Midlands, in the centre of England.

Metropolitan Borough of Solihull
Solihull


Walsall

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

A town and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England.


Stoke-on-Trent

The largest city in Staffordshire, England; also known as Stoke.


Ceredigion

/kɛɹəˈdɪɡiən/

/kɛɹəˈdɪɡiɒn/

A county of Wales, formerly known as Cardiganshire; the county town is Aberaeron.


Kingston upon Thames

Distinguishing this location from other places also known as Kingston. The River Thames is on the west side of the town, and forms part of the borough's western boundary here.

An ancient market town, now a London borough of Greater London, England, officially called the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames.


Cheltenham

Prince George's County
Prince George's County#English

An unincorporated community in Prince George's County, Maryland.


New English

en-noun

New English (plural New Englishes or New English)

New Englishes (plural)
New English (plural)

This Southwest wind is called by the New-English, the Sea turne, which comes from the Sunne in the morning, about nine or ten of the clock Southeast, and about South, and then strongest Southwest in the after-noone, and towards night, when it dies away.

1643, Roger Williams, A Key into the Language of America, London: Gregory Dexter, →OCLC, page 11:

Another complayned of other Indians that did revile them, and call them Rogues and such like speeches for cutting off their Locks, and for cutting their Haire in a modest manner as the New-English generally doe

1647, anonymous author, The Day-Breaking, if not the Sun-Rising of the Gospell with the Indians in New-England, London: Richard Cotes; republished as “The Day-Breaking […] ”, in MHS Collections, series 3, volume 4, Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society, 1834, →OCLC, page 22:

Any honest New Englander—a New Englander of the villages, I mean—will admit that the New English are singularly ungifted for social life and manners.

1920, Katharine Fullerton Gerould, “Miss Alcott's New England”, in Modes and Morals, New York: C. Scribner's sons, →OCLC, page 195:

New England’s fisheries and the carrying trade to the West Indies demanded ships. By the end of the seventeenth century, the New English were building almost all of the vessels they employed, as well as growing numbers for English merchants.

2001, Alan Taylor, American Colonies, New York: Viking Penguin, →ISBN, page 176:

(historical, uncommon, in the plural) New Englanders.


Tenedos

An island of Turkey in the northern part of the Aegean Sea.


Manxness

It is the island's greatest ceremony, well worth watching if you are there, and totally fascinating in its mad Manxness.

2005, Benedict Le Vay, Eccentric Britain, page 89:


Canna

An island in the Small Isles, Inner Hebrides, Highland council area, Scotland, joined to the island of Sanday by a bridge.


Three Rivers

/ˈθɹiː ˈɹɪv.ɚz/

From the fact that three rivers flow through the area (confluence of two rivers, one flowing into the other, resulting in three channels).

census-designated place
census-designated place

A census-designated place in Tulare County, California, United States.


Hvar

From Serbo-Croatian Hvȃr/Хва̑р, from Ancient Greek Φάρος (Pháros). Doublet of Pharos.

An island of Croatia in the Adriatic Sea, located off the Dalmatian coast.


Admiralty Islands

Named by Philip Carteret in 1767, presumably honoring the Admiralty, which commanded the British Royal Navy (and therefore him) at the time.

Bismarck Archipelago
Bismarck Archipelago

A group of islands in the Bismarck Archipelago, to the north of New Guinea in the south Pacific Ocean, belonging to Papua New Guinea.


Heligoland

Second element is land, first element of disputed origin:
* From German heilig (“holy”), as in Middle High German Heiligland (“holy land”)
* From the North Frisian for high, similar to Hallig; hinted by the Heligolanders' self-designation of Halunder.
* Related to the legendary hero Helgi, identical to the Old Norse name Helgi.
More at Heligoland.

der

A small island in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, in the North Sea


Caroline Islands

From Spanish Carolinas, after Charles II of Spain.

Federated States of Micronesia
Federated States of Micronesia#English

A widely scattered archipelago of tiny islands in the western Pacific Ocean, to the north of New Guinea, politically divided between the Federated States of Micronesia and Palau.

Կարոլինյան կղզիներ

an archipelago off the coast of New Guinea


Malay Archipelago

the archipelago between mainland Southeastern Asia and Australia, that includes Indonesia, the Philippines, Brunei, East Malaysia and East Timor


Pharos

Derived from Ancient Greek Φάρος (Pháros) via Latin Pharos. Doublet of Hvar.

The Lighthouse of Alexandria, located on the island Pharos


Kinmen

:zh:金門機場
Columbia University Press
Kinmen
Kinmen Airport
Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)

From the Nanking court dialect (later Postal Romanization) romanization of Mandarin 金門 (Jīnmén), from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/, parallel with names for the four townships of Kinmen Island: Kincheng, Kinhu, Kinning, and Kinsha.

5. Chi Govt wishes to call attn of US Govt again to fact that Chi Govt is at present maintaining positions on a nr of islands such as Lintin and Lema Islands off Canton, Kinmen Island off Amoy, Matsu Island off Foochow, Tachen Islands off Chekiang Province, etc. These island positions, together with those on the Pescadores, form part of the defense of Taiwan. They are guarded by considerable nr of ground troops with the support of air and naval forces. They have been, however, under constant attacks by Chi Commies, and Chi milit command feels obliged to resist these attacks in self-defense. Chi Govt will appreciate it if US Govt wld indicate its views regarding the matter.

1950 July 7, Dean Acheson, “The Secretary of State to the Embassy in China”, in Foreign Relations of the United States 1950, volume 6, United States Government Printing Office, published 1976, →OCLC, page 371:

The whole Kinmen island complex was divided into 7 operation areas, namely, Tatan, Erhtan, Small Kinmen, and Kinchen-Kinshan, Kinning, Kinhu and Kinsa on Kinmen.

1966, 中華醫學雜誌, volume 13, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 158:

KINMEN
THE little island of Kinmen, three miles off the Chinese coast, must be the world's most heavily defended.
. . .
This week it was learnt that in March China's military leaders plan "Operation Kinmen", a simulated invasion of the island, on the eve of Taiwan's first election for the presidency in which all adult Taiwanese will be able to vote. On Kinmen itself, the Taiwanese are declining to panic.

1995 December 9, “An old-fashioned election”, in The Economist, volume 337, number 7944, pages 34–39:

The PLA had landed several battalions on the beaches and suffered immediate counterattacks by the Nationalist “Kinmen Bears” riding in American M5 A1 tanks for which the Communists had no counter. Fifteen thousand men had died in less than three days. The victory left Kinmen itself a hallowed ground in the minds of the Taiwanese.

2012, Mark Henshaw, Red Cell, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 110:

Arguments over Kinmen's relationship with China swing between "accusing someone of either jeopardizing the most crucial geopolitical relationship of all or committing treason," said Michael Szonyi, director of the Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies at Harvard University and the author of "Cold War Island," a book about Kinmen.
"Virtually every local issue on Kinmen, no matter how small, gets linked to the larger geopolitical context of how to relate to a rising and changing China," Szonyi said. "These are exactly the same questions that Taiwan, that Africa and Latin America, that even the United States are increasingly grappling with."

2020, Gerry Shih, “On China’s front line, emerging Cold War haunts battle-worn Taiwanese islands”, in Washington Post:

The San Jiao Fort cafe on Kinmen Island may well be the best place in Taiwan to watch for the threat of invasion by China.[…]
A handful of people on the Taiwanese islands near China did catch a glimpse of the drills. On Kinmen, Chiu Yi-hsuan, a 39-year-old owner of an independent bookstore, said she felt a shock wave on Thursday. “At first I thought it was thunder, then I realized it wasn’t,” she said.

2022 August 5, Amy Chang Chien, John Liu, Paul Mozur, “As Missiles Fall, Generations Split on Taiwan’s Relationship With China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-08-05, China-Taiwan Tensions:

金門

county of the Republic of China (Taiwan)


Schmidt Island

Named after the Soviet scientist and first head of the Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route, Otto Schmidt.

an island in the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago of the Russian Arctic


Mertonian

A native or inhabitant of Merton, London.


Enfield

From Old English Ēana (given name) or ēan (“lamb”) + feld (“field”).

A town in Hartford County, Connecticut; named for the town in England.

Penobscot County
Penobscot County#English

A locale in the United States.
A town in Penobscot County, Maine.

A locale in the United States.
A town in Tompkins County, New York.


Stroma

An island off the north coast of Scotland, uninhabited since the 1960s.


Galt

Sacramento County
Sacramento County#English

A city in Sacramento County, California, United States.


Akrotiri and Dhekelia

Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia#English

An overseas territory of the United Kingdom on the island of Cyprus. Official name: the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia.


Curry Mile

(UK, informal) The part of Wilmslow Road running through the centre of Rusholme in south Manchester, England, known for its large number of restaurants specialising in South Asian and Middle Eastern cuisine.


Española

Christopher Columbus
Española
voyages of Columbus

From Spanish Española (“Little Spain”), from España (“Spain”) + -ola (“-ule: forming diminutives”). In reference to the Ecuadorian island, bestowed in 1892 in honor of the quadricentennial of Christopher Columbus's first voyage, during which he reached Hispaniola. Doublet of Hispaniola.

An island in San Cristobal canton, Galapagos, Ecuador

(uncommon) Alternative form of Hispaniola, an island in the Caribbean.


smoked Irish

From the joint low status of blacks and the Irish in Britain and the United States during the 19th century.

(derogatory, ethnic slur, dated) Synonym of blacks: black people. Also By addition Irish and all people of Irish descent of the time regardless of color creed or religion.


Kikai

An island in the Amami archipelago, Japan.


Chatham Islands

Named after the Earl of Chatham by the captain of HMS Chatham in 1791.

an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean about 680 kilometres off the east coast of New Zealand, and territorially part of New Zealand.


Chatham Island

The biggest island in the Chatham Islands group off the east coast of New Zealand.


Midway

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Midway.wav

An atoll in the North Pacific. Known for its World War II battle.


Choiseul

An island and province of the Solomon Islands


Devon colic

Once common in Devon, England, as a result of the use of lead-lined cider presses.


St Kilda

Apparently from Old Norse skildir (“shields”).

An archipelago in the westernmost part of the Outer Hebrides, Scotland.


Craven

A local government district in North Yorkshire, England.


double Gloucester

en-noun

double Gloucester (countable and uncountable, plural double Gloucesters)

Uncertain. Perhaps because cream from the morning milk was added to the evening milk, because the milk was skimmed twice, or because the cheese was typically twice the height of a single Gloucester.

A variety of Gloucester cheese, stronger and aged for longer than single Gloucester.


Adamstown

From Adam + -s- + town or Adams + town. The place on Pitcairn is named after John Adams, one of the mutineers who originally settled there. The place in Ireland is named for Adam Devereux, the one in Maryland for Adam Kohlenburg, and the one in Pennsylvania for William Addams.

Pitcairn Islands
Pitcairn Islands#English

The capital and only settlement of the Pitcairn Islands.


Bedfordian

One who is enrolled in or has graduated from Bedford School, England.


Hong Kong Island

An island east of the Pearl River Delta in the South China Sea, the site of the city of Victoria in Hong Kong, and original concession for Hong Kong.


skirts and kidneys

An Irish stew made from pork and pork kidneys.


gur cake

gur cake (countable and uncountable, plural gur cakes)

Possibly from gurrier, referring to children playing truant from school.

An Irish confection consisting of a thick layer of fruit-based filling between two thin layers of pastry.


Limerick ham

Limerick ham (countable and uncountable, plural Limerick hams)

The method was originally developed in County Limerick, Ireland.

Bacon smoked over juniper branches, boiled in cider, and baked for crispiness.


Sakurajima

From Japanese 桜島 (sakurajima, “Cherry Island”), from 桜 (sakura, “cherry tree, cherry blossom”) + 島 (shima, “island”). From its appearance like a cherry tree in bloom, when from a volcanic eruption, hot rock rains down onto the slopes, lighting up the island volcano.

bor

(placename) A former island and peninsula in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. The volcano's surrounding area, an island prior to the 1914 explosion and now a peninsula.


Redingensian

a native or resident of Reading, Berkshire, South East England (in general)


Shan Van Vocht

Phonetic rendering of the Irish phrase an tSeanbhean Bhocht ("The Poor Old Woman"), a traditional name for Ireland.


Green Island

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda#English


Green Island

Hongkong road is generally approached by sailing vessels from the westward, on which side it is protected by Green Island and Kellett bank, which extends nearly 1 miles northward from the latter island[…]

1873, The Directory and Chronicle for China, Japan, Corea, Indo-China, Straits Settlements, Malay States, Siam, Netherlands India, Borneo, the Philippines, and Etc, page 356:

Soon you will steam through a narrow channel separating Hong Kong Island from the appropriately named Green Island and Little Green Island.

2009, Steven K. Bailey, Exploring Hong Kong: A Visitor's Guide to Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, and the New Territories, ThingsAsian Press, →ISBN, page 150:

A ferry collided with a boat around 9:15am Thursday in the channel between Sai Wan and Green Island, injuring five people.

2016 April 29, Kris Cheng, “Ferry collides with boat near Sai Wan, injuring 5”, in Hong Kong Free Press, archived from the original on 2023-10-22, Hong Kong:

Most of the big passenger ships to and from the South sail via this deep and narrow passage which separates Green Island from Hongkong, while vessels to and from the North use the more magnificent eastern channel, Lyeemun Pass.

2019, David Bellis, Old Hong Kong Photos and The Tales They Tell, Volume 3, Gwulo, →ISBN, page 6:

Central and Western
Central and Western#English

An islet off the coast of Kennedy Town, Central and Western district, Hong Kong, situated to the north of Sulphur Channel off Hong Kong Island.


Land o' Cakes

In reference to the oatmeal cakes for which the country is famous.


South Walian

Coordinate term: North Walian


Loaghtan

A sheep of a breed native to the Isle of Man, characterized by dark brown wool and usually four or occasionally six horns.


North Walian

Coordinate term: South Walian

Staging a match at the Stok Racecourse - the oldest stadium in the world still hosting international football - was therefore a means for Wales' players and staff to show their gratitude to their north Walian fans.

2023 October 11, Dafydd Pritchard, “Wales 4-0 Gibraltar”, in BBC Sport:


North Walian

Coordinate term: South Walian


Wycombe

From Old English wīċ (“village; bay”) + hām (“home; estate; village”). Doublet of Wickham.

An unincorporated community in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States.


Jeju

Borrowed from Korean 제주(濟州) (Jeju). Doublet of Cheju.

An endangered language, sometimes considered a dialect of the Korean language, spoken on the island.


Chelsea bun

From Chelsea + bun, since it was first created in the 18th century at the Bun House in Chelsea, London.

A spiral-shaped currant bun, spiced and coated with sugar.


Richmonder

Richmond upon Thames
Richmond upon Thames

(rare) A native or inhabitant of Richmond upon Thames, London.


rest of the UK

The parts of the United Kingdom outside of, or without, Scotland.


devo max

Clipping of devolution maximum. First attested in 2009http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Qa9DAQAAIAAJ&q=%22devo+max%22&dq=%22devo+max%22&hl=es&sa=X&ei=xoQRVJbvE4T07Ab604G4Bg&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBTge.

We will know soon enough whether Cameron's was a masterly piece of nerve keeping, or the fatal blunder that broke the union of 1707. In 2012, Salmond gave some listeners the impression that devo max is what he really wanted. Whatever the outcome, Fleet Street's introspective pundits will say: "I told you so", and make dire predictions for the future, which are likely to be off the mark.

2014 September 8, Michael White, “Roll up, roll up! The Amazing Salmond will show a Scotland you won't believe”, in The Guardian:

(UK, politics) Full fiscal autonomy for Scotland.


Clackmannanshire

Perth and Kinross
Perth and Kinross#English

A council area of Scotland (one of 32 created in 1996) bordering the council areas of Stirling, Fife, and Perth and Kinross.


Irish potato

(US) A potato, distinguished from a sweet potato.


Britfag

inb4 all the Britfags come in defending their precious "food"

This is just one Britfag's opinion…
If you lot are willing to vote a creationist into the second most powerful position in the world, you deserve what ever^([sic]) you get, you fucking 6,000 B.C. faggots.

2008 September 17, Obscene Dog [username], “Re: Anonymous Hacks Sarah Palin's Yahoo E-Mail”, in alt.religion.scientology (Usenet):

Britfags are descendants of the losers who stayed in the British isles^([sic]) and kowtowed to the faggot Stuart queens like James I, and Charles Iand II.

2011 July 23, gus, “Re: OT: Lucien Freud”, in rec.motorcycles (Usenet):

The idea that split infinitives are not OK was invented by pretentious Britfags who had Latin molested into them when they were schoolboys, right along with the Oxford comma.

2013 March 3, GLOBALIST [username], “BBC article on Grammar Nazis "Please see me after class"”, in soc.retirement (Usenet):

(Internet slang, derogatory) A person from the United Kingdom.


Northern England English

A group of dialects of the English language found in Northern England.


Rouleau

en-proper noun

Rouleau (countable and uncountable, plural Rouleaus)

Ellipsis of Ile Rouleau.; An island in Mistassini, Baie-James, Jamesie, Nord-du-Quebec, Quebec, Canada


Saint John

An island of the Virgin Islands, and a district of the United States Virgin Islands.

United States Virgin Islands
United States Virgin Islands#English


Maio

One of the islands of the Bissagos Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau


Unalaska

An island in the Fox Islands group of the Aleutian Islands in the US state of Alaska.


East London

The northeastern part of London, the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England.


Indyref

Abbreviation of independence referendum.

In the first foreign policy initiative launched in Edinburgh since 1707, senior SNP figures have begun an intense round of behind-the-scenes meetings with foreign dignitaries as they prepare the ground for next year's indyref.

2013 October 23, David Leask, “SNP’s mission to woo the world”, in The Herald, Glasgow, archived from the original on 2017-05-17:

Experienced politicians were surprised by the astounding vitality that the indyref unleashed.

2014 September 23, Peter Jones, “Referendum shows the power of people”, in The Scotsman, Edinburgh, archived from the original on 2017-05-17:

Coming exactly a year after the same “impossible” moment when the Yes vote hit 51 per cent before the indyref, this concerted and hysterical attack will have stirred memories and prompted sympathy among fellow Trident and austerity-opposing Yes voters.

2015 September 13, Lesley Riddoch, “Corbyn could play well with Scots”, in The Scotsman, Edinburgh, archived from the original on 2016-03-24:

My only regrets are thatbrad T2 failed to get to grips with the new era of #indyref and Scottish national identity – for which Renton's famous "shite" speech helped plant a tiny seed in 1996 – and that the second film didn't give the women characters much to do, especially the excellent Kelly Macdonald and Shirley Henderson.

2017 January 19, Peter Bradshaw, “T2 Trainspotting review – choose a sequel that doesn’t disappoint”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 2017-01-20:

(Scotland, informal) The Scottish independence referendum held on 18 September 2014.


Ashford

From Old English æscet (“a clump of ash trees”) + ford or, alternatively, from æsc (“an ash tree”) + ford. Equivalent to ash + ford.

Cattaraugus County
Cattaraugus County#English

A number of places in the United States:


Anafi

From Ancient Greek αναφαίνομαι (anaphaínomai, “to appear”).


Samothraki

/ˈsæməˌθrækiː/

From Greek Σαμοθράκη (Samothráki), from Ancient Greek Σαμοθρᾴκη (Samothrā́ikē, “Samian Thrace”), from Σᾰ́μος (Sámos, “Samos”) + Θρᾴκη (Thrā́ikē, “Thrace”), from the island's early Greek colonizers and the general ancient territory in which it lay.

Synonym of Samothrace, an island in Greece.


put him in to get him out

Coined by Irish revolutionary Michael Collins.

coin

(Ireland, politics, historical) An election poster catchphrase, and rallying cry, for imprisoned Republicans to be elected to parliament.


Chavez

From Spanish Chávez, variant of Chaves, from Galician Chaves (“Chaves in Portugal and its castle”).

bor

(historical) Former name of Santa Cruz, an island in Galapagos, Ecuador.


Bow Street Runner

en-noun

Bow Street Runner (plural Bow Street Runners)

They were formally affiliated with the magistrate's office in Bow Street, Westminster, London.

(colloquial, historical) A member of an early police force founded in 1742 in London, England.


Balta

Shetland Islands
Shetland Islands#English

An island in the Shetland Islands council area, Scotland


Lambeth

en-proper noun

Lambeth (countable and uncountable, plural Lambeths)

The name is recorded in 1062 as Lambehitha, from Old English lamb (“lamb”) + hȳþ (“hithe, landing-place”), and in 1255 as Lambeth. Equivalent to lamb + hithe.

A habitational surname from Old English.


cybernat

Clipping of cybernationalist as a play on cybernaut, said to have been coined by British politician George Foulkes, Baron Foulkes of Cumnock (born 1942): see the 5 July 2012 quotation.

He [Iain Gray] added: “Back in May I asked Alex Salmond to get a grip of these ‘cyber nats’ bloggers. At the time they were spreading rumours about me and other politicians as well. I think Alex Salmond has to come to parliament, apologise, and explain just exactly what has gone on.”

2009 November 29, “Parties Demand Salmond Holds Blog Smear Inquiry”, in BBC News, archived from the original on 2009-12-02:

The time could not be more crucial, with the referendum on Scottish independence only two years away, and fears emerging that the war of words between so-called ‘cybernats’ and ‘cyberbrits’ could distort or even stifle mainstream political discourse. Labour peer Lord Foulkes claims crediting for coining the term cybernat to describe Nationalists and supporters of independence who conduct rhetorical guerrilla warfare on Twitter, Facebook and the comment threads of newspaper websites. Rather than initiating discussions about policy or ideas, cybernats demonise those opposed to the SNP and independence and dismiss them as, inter alia, cowardly, unpatriotic, and even traitorous.

2012 July 5, “Cybernats and Cyberbrits: How Do They Affect Mainstream Political Debate?: Scotland Tonight Discusses the Phenomenon of Abusive Online Comments and Attacks”, in STV, archived from the original on 2016-10-27:

Currently, he [Craig Murray, former British ambassador to Uzbekistan] openly presents himself as a 'vauntie cybernat, former ambassador, and human rights activist', keeping him in sync with the alternative diplomatic culture he always practised, though he now freely engages in the everyday ambassadorship he once struggled to legitimate among his peers.

2015, Jason Dittmer, Fiona McConnell, editors, Diplomatic Cultures and International Politics: Translations, Spaces and Alternatives (Routledge New Diplomacy Studies), Abingdon, Oxon., New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN:

The much-vaunted phenomenon of the "cybernat", spraying online vitriol from a dingy bedroom, does indubitably exist, but so does its exact equivalent on the opposite side.

2016, Mike Parker, “Caledonia Dreaming: September – December 2014”, in The Greasy Poll: Diary of a Controversial Election, Talybont, Ceredigion, Wales: Y Lolfa, →ISBN:

(British, informal) A Scottish nationalist who takes part in Internet activism.


Britsploitation

Wright, whose mock Britsploitation trailer Don't is currently playing during the intermission between Robert Rodriguez and Quentin Tarantino's Grindhouse double-bill, manages to integrate these disparate parts into a cohesive, intelligent whole.

2007 April 18, Neil Morris, “Hot Fuzz and Fracture”, in Indy Week:

Cult Britsploitation flicks Terror and Prey were released at the fag-end of the 70s and have all the elements you’d expect for that period: lesbian butchery, sinister parties, deranged parrots, heartless aliens, curb-crawlers and lovingly inventive, drawn-out death sequences.

2009, "Tony Molester," album review, Vice, Volume 7, Number 8, August 2009, page 161

Yet, surely the audience for a Cardiff documentary would be just as interested in his Britsploitation thrillers like “Dark of the Sun” and “The Liquidator.”

2011, Joe Bendel, "Love for the cameraman, the greatest ever colour cinematographer", The Epoch Times, 19 May 2011 - 25 May 2011, P9

(film) A genre of low-budget films produced and/or set in the United Kingdom.


San Juan Islands

A Pacific Northwest archipelago of 172 islands of the state of Washington, United States off the southeast coast of Vancouver Island and north of Puget Sound.


New Hebrides

(historical) A group of islands in the Pacific, now forming the state of Vanuatu.

Но́выя Ге́брыды

archipelago forming the state of Vanuatu


Newgate

From Middle English Newgate; equivalent to new + gate.

One of the historic seven gates of the London Wall around the City of London, dating back to Roman times.


Albemarle

/ˈælbəˌmɑːɹl/

From New Latin, from the French city Aumale, from Latin alba marla "white marl."

A city, the county seat of Stanly County, North Carolina, United States.


vested school

(historical) A national school built by the aid of grants from the board of Commissioners of National Education and secured for educational purposes by leases to the commissioners themselves, or to the commissioners and the trustees.


Wiganer

A person from Wigan in northern England.


northern soul

The overwhelmingly young population involved in northern soul needed to find a way out of the depression slowly taking over the UK in the seventies. Speed gave them the edge they needed to rise above all the pain and frustration of a country losing its way.

2000, Julian Durlacher, Miriam Joseph, Speed: Its History and Lore, Carlton Books, →ISBN, page 48:

Meanwhile more people were either leaving behind the Northern Soul scene and enjoying the jazz-funk scene, or combining the two.

2012, David Nowell, The Story of Northern Soul, Portico, →ISBN:

For many young people throughout Britain in the 1970s, Northern Soul became a truly alternative lifestyle with the rites and values of the scene replacing many of the traditional strictures of society.

2013, Elaine Constantine, Gareth Sweeney, Northern Soul: An Illustrated History, Random House, →ISBN, page 12:

A music and dance movement of northern England in the late 1960s, mainly based around black American soul music.


Tamworth

Tamworth
Tamworth pig
Tamworth, Staffordshire

A city and administrative centre of Tamworth Regional Council in New South Wales, Australia.

Tamworth Regional Council, a local government area in northern New South Wales.

A town in Carroll County, New Hampshire, United States.

Cumberland County
Cumberland County#English

A hamlet in Cumberland County, Virginia, United States.

Lennox and Addington County
Lennox and Addington County#English

A community of Stone Mills, Lennox and Addington County, Ontario, Canada.


Psara

From Greek Ψαρά (Psará), from Ancient Greek Ψυρά (Psurá), Ψύρα (Psúra), or Ψυρίαν (Psurían).


Kalymnos

Borrowed from Greek Κάλυμνος (Kálymnos).


Zante

Borrowed from Italian Zante, from Ancient Greek Ζάκυνθος (Zákunthos), possibly through Latin Zacynthus. Doublet of Zakynthos.


stephening

(numismatics, historical, obsolete) Alternative form of steeping


steping

(numismatics, historical) Obsolete form of steeping.


the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland

(historical) The British state when Great Britain and Ireland were a republic ruled by Oliver Cromwell.

Commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland


Sulu

From Spanish Sulu/Sulú, from Tausug Sulug (“Sulu”), an older form of Sūg (“Sulu”), possibly from Tausug sulug, an older form of sūg (“current”). Compare Maranao Solog, Malay Suluk, Hokkien 蘇祿／苏禄 (So͘-lo̍k).

Sulu Archipelago (an archipelago in Mindanao, Philippines)


Cozumel

From Mayan Ah Cuzamil Peten, translating as "the island of swallows."

A resort island in the Caribbean Sea, off the northeastern coast of Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula.


Duke of York's Island

George III of England
James II of England
Prince Edward, Duke of York and Albany
dukes of York

Named for various dukes of York. In the case of the New Zealand atoll, for Prince Edward, younger brother of George III of England. In the case of the Ecuadorian island, for James II of England prior to his father's death.

(historical) Former name of Atafu, an atoll in Tokelau, New Zealand.

(historical) Former name of Santiago, an island in Galapagos, Ecuador.


Chuuk

Federated States of Micronesia
Federated States of Micronesia

One of states that composes the Federated States of Micronesia.


Brexit

Blend of Britain + exit, formed by analogy with Grexit.
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the earliest attested use is on 15 May 2012 in a Euractiv blog post by Peter Wilding titled “Stumbling towards the Brexit”, formed by analogy with Grexit, coined on 6 February 2012.

Unless a clear view is pushed that Britain must lead in Europe at the very least to achieve the completion of the single market then the portmanteau for Greek euro exit might be followed by another sad word, Brexit.

2012 May 15, Peter Wilding, “Stumbling towards the Brexit”, in EurActiv, archived from the original on 2016-06-24:

The business community began to take the idea of Brexit seriously. Three major American banks, the Bank of America, Citibank and Morgan Stanley, revealed they were working on contingency plans to relocate from London to Dublin […]

2015, Denis MacShane, Brexit: How Britain Will Leave Europe, London: I.B. Tauris, →ISBN, page 6:

David Cameron has resigned as Prime Minister after Britain voted to leave the European Union. It followed a turbulent night with Remain campaigners quietly confident until the early hours when results from Newcastle and Sunderland showed better than expected returns for the Brexit camp. A surprise victory for a Brexit in Swansea, which was expected to vote to Remain, did little to dampen concerns despite Scotland overwhelmingly backing staying in the Union.

2016 June 24, Kate McCann, “EU referendum live: David Cameron resigns after UK shocks the world by voting for Brexit”, in The Daily Telegraph, archived from the original on 2016-06-24:

The pensions of British Eurocrats are shaping up to be one of the most politically poisonous points in the UK’s Brexit talks, as the EU and London prepare to clash over liabilities running to several billion euros.

2016 August 1, Alex Barker, Jim Brunsden, “Eurocrats’ pensions shape up to be flashpoint in Brexit talks”, in The Financial Times, London:

We must lift the uncertainty caused by Brexit.

2017 June 19, Michel Barnier, “Brexit Negotiations: David Davis says ‘Promising Start’ Made”, in BBC News:

[Donald] Tusk said: “Our agreement will not make trade between the UK and the EU frictionless or smoother. It will make it more complicated and costly than today, for all of us. This is the essence of Brexit.”

2018 March 7, Daniel Boffey, Jennifer Rankin, “EU scorns UK’s ‘pick and mix’ approach to trade post-Brexit”, in The Guardian, London:

Meanwhile, The Sunday Times revealed that civil servants had warned of a “Doomsday Brexit” if no agreement is reached, creating shortages of medicine, fuel and food.

2018 June 5, “Brexit poll reveals record number of voters think decision to leave EU is wrong”, in The Independent, London:

“It’s all incredibly unhelpful and what we need to do now is to get closer with our European partners and work out what a realistic, pragmatic Brexit is that works for both sides, the EU and ourselves.”

2018 June 23, “Brexit: Theresa May ‘not bluffing’ in threat to leave EU without a deal, Tory minister Liam Fox says”, in The Independent, London:

A further referendum is not just a way for voters to decide whether to incur the economic and social cost of a final Brexit deal.

2019 March 5, David Miliband, “As foreign secretary I argued against an EU referendum. Now I back one”, in The Guardian:

The EESC also considers that the €5.4 billion reserve will not be sufficient to mitigate the negative effects of Brexit and asks the co-legislators to increase the proposed ceiling.

2021 November, Christiaan van Lierop, European Parliamentary Research Service:

Brexit has also made it harder for the UK to deport migrants back to the EU as the country has left the bloc’s asylum scheme.

2021 December 2, “Frontex plane arrives in northern France to help fight people smuggling”, in Euronews, sourced from AFP:

Thanks to Brexit, many ferry companies now run direct from Ireland to the EU mainland, bypassing UK ports such as Fishguard, with an impact on traffic.

2022 November 16, Paul Bigland, “From rural branches to high-speed arteries”, in RAIL, number 970, page 52:

Even the BBC, long prevaricating on the issue, has started properly reporting the Brexit catastrophe, particularly its impact on the cost of living, NHS staff shortages and projections of weak future economic growth.

2023 February 2, Andrew Adonis, “Sooner or later, re-entry to the customs union and single market is inevitable”, in Prospect:

Biden’s irritation with London’s inability to solve its “Irish question” after Brexit has also played a role.

2023 August 7, Jo Harper, “UK–US: What’s happened to their free trade deal?”, in Deutsche Welle:

The mayor of London has urged EU citizens to “choose London” over other European cities, promising to make the UK capital a better place to live and work despite Brexit.

2023 October 6, Heather Stewart, “‘Choose London’: Sadiq Khan steps up efforts to lure EU citizens post-Brexit”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

The Brexit referendum seemingly heralded such a moment but other than the negative sentiment of leave, the more positive agenda of what to do with the UK’s newfound status has been found wanting.

2023 November 3, Tim Olivier, “Brexit: a critical juncture in the UK’s international relations?”, in UK in a Changing Europe:

The Brits have been uniquely incompetent in wallowing in narcissistic irrelevance ever since the Brexit vote. They’ve refused to admit that the only path forward for them is a crippling deal with the United States that will give them access to the NAFTA system but at the cost of any kind of economic sovereignty.

2023 November 23, Peter Zeihan, “Ireland Needs a New Game Plan || Peter Zeihan”, in Zeihan on Geopolitics, sourced from YouTube, 2:55–3:14:

Brussels has warned the UK that it must fully apply the existing Brexit deals on EU citizens and Northern Ireland before it will entertain a reset in the relationship with London.

2024 August 1, Lisa O'Carroll, “UK must apply existing Brexit deals before any reset in relations, says EU”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), sourced from The Guardian:

(UK politics) Withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union.

بِرِكْزِت

withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU

イギリスの欧州連合離脱

イギリスのおうしゅうれんごうりだつ

خروج بریتانیا از اتحادیه اروپا

xoruj-e beritâniyâ az ettehâdiye-ye orupâ


Rodrigues

From Portuguese Rodrigues (“son of Rodrigo”). Also from Spanish Rodrigues, variant spelling of Rodríguez. The island is named after Portuguese explorer Diogo Rodrigues (c. 1490–1577).


Dalriada

Learned borrowing from Old Irish Dál Riata.

lbor

(historical) A Gaelic overkingdom that included parts of western Scotland and northeastern Ulster in Ireland, across the North Channel.


Stewart Island

Named after William W. Stewart, first officer of a sealing ship.

An island, the southernmost of the larger islands of New Zealand, separated from the south of the South Island by Foveaux Strait.


Grimsey

A small, inhabited island off the northern coast of Iceland.


Welsh not

(historical) A piece of wood or similar object used to discourage the speaking of Welsh in schools. Any child overheard speaking Welsh was given the "not", and the child who had it at the end of the day would be punished.


Sanday

From Old Norse sandr (“sand”) + ey (“island”).

An island, the third largest in the Orkney Islands council area, Scotland.

An island, one of the Small Isles, in the Inner Hebrides, Highland council area, Scotland, linked to Canna by a bridge (OS grid ref NG2704).


Purbeck

Short for Isle of Purbeck, a peninsula in Dorset, England.


Fuerteventura

Borrowed from Spanish Fuerteventura, from fuerte (“strong”) + ventura (“fortune”).

An island in the Canary Islands, capital city Puerto del Rosario


Pohnpei

From Pohnpeian Pohnpei, from pohn (“upon”) + pei (“stone altar”).


Cambrian symbol

en-noun

Cambrian symbol (plural Cambrian symbols)

(literary) The leek as an emblem of Wales.


Amelia Island

Named for Princess Amelia, daughter of George II of Great Britain.


Elizabeth Tower

The name was officially given in 2012 to honour Queen Elizabeth II in her diamond jubilee.

The clock tower at the north end of the Palace of Westminster, London.


Bute

An island in the Firth of Clyde, and part of Argyll and Bute council area, Scotland.


Santa Isabel

A place name:
An island in the Solomon Islands.


Quintana

en-proper-noun

Quintana (countable and uncountable, plural Quintanas)

From Romance (Spanish Quintana and Portuguese Quintana).

Wilhelm Archipelago
Wilhelm Archipelago#English

Antarctic Peninsula
Antarctic Peninsula#English

An island in Wilhelm Archipelago, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica


Central

The Central Line of the London Underground, originally known as the Central London Railway.


Santa Maria

Jesus
Mary, mother of Jesus
Santa Maria, California

From Portuguese Santa Maria and Spanish Santa María (“Holy Mary”), various places named in honor of Mary the mother of Jesus, from Portuguese Maria and Spanish María, both from Latin Maria, q.v.

(historical) Former name of Floreana, an island in Galapagos, Ecuador.

Santa Maria de la Concepcion
Santa Maria de la Concepcion#English

(historical) Short for Santa Maria de la Concepcion, the second island discovered on Christopher Columbus's first voyage.


Frisian Islands

An archipelago in the eastern North Sea, off the coasts of mainland Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands.


East Anglian

Hundreds of East Anglians were interviewed—in the streets, on buses, in clubs and in Women's Institutes, for example—in the course of this study.

1964 April, “Passenger Travel Campaign in the Norwich Area”, in Modern Railways, page 235:


Zannone

An island in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the west coast of Italy, one of the Pontine Islands.


Galapagos Islands

From Spanish islas Galápagos, first attested as New Latin insulae de los galopegos (“islands of the turtles”) in Abraham Ortelius's 1570 atlas Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, from a variant spelling of Spanish galápago (“turtle”), from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia *calappacu (“turtle”). Cf. Catalan calàpet (“toad”) and Portuguese cágado (“turtle”).

der

An archipelago off the coast of Ecuador, in the Pacific Ocean, famed for their influence on Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.

Abraham Ortelius
Galapagos Islands
Theatrum Orbis Terrarum


South Sandwich Islands

From being an island group named in honour of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich. Called "south" to distinguish them from the Sandwich Islands in the northern hemisphere.

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands#English

British overseas territory
British overseas territory

An island chain in the southern Atlantic Ocean, part of the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, United Kingdom, a British overseas territory


Juan Fernández Islands

An archipelago off the coast of Chile, in the Pacific Ocean.


Nottinghamian

A pupil or alumnus of Nottingham High School.


Galveston

→ Spanish: Galveston

From Galvez + -ton. From Galvez' Town, from Spanish Gálvez. Named after Spanish Vice-Roy of New Spain Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Count of Gálvez. The island and bay were renamed Gálvez in 1783 by Spanish navigator José Antonio de Evia, for Bernardo de Gálvez, who supported American Independence. The bay and island were subsequently renamed after the port town that itself took on the name of the island on which it sits.

named-after

en:Galveston (disambiguation)
en:Galveston, Texas

Galveston Island
Galveston Island#English

Ellipsis of Galveston Island.: An island in Galveston county, Galveston city, Texas, United States; a barrier island separating in Galveston bay, and the Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean


Providenciales

Turks and Caicos Islands
Turks and Caicos Islands#English

An island and district of the Turks and Caicos Islands.


Cat Island

Possibly named after Arthur Catt, a pirate, or referring to the once-large population of feral cats.

An east-central district of the Bahamas, consisting of a long and thin island that harbors the Bahamas' highest point at 63 m.


San Salvador Island

Christopher Columbus
San Salvador Island
voyages of Columbus

From Spanish isla San Salvador, given by Christopher Columbus in thanks to Jesus Christ for surviving his first voyage. The identity of the Bahaman island that currently bears the name with Columbus's island is still highly contested. The Ecuadorian island was renamed in honor of Columbus's in 1892 as part of the quadricentennial celebration of his voyage.

(historical) The first island discovered by Christopher Columbus during his first voyage.

An island in the Bahamas, possibly the same as Columbus's island.

Former name of Santiago, an island in Galapagos, Ecuador.


Principality

From the mistaken belief that the Prince of Wales is the country's head of state; the historical Principality of Wales only made up a portion of the country of Wales.

The first information I have of a sermon at an association, in the Principality, is in the letter of 1703, which appoints one to be preached the following year.

1795, Joshua THOMAS (of Leominster.), A History of the Baptist Association in Wales, from the year 1650, to the year 1790, etc, page 77:

During the last decade or so Wales has attracted about 10 per cent of British holiday-makers. According to a sample survey carried out in 1961, the Principality accommodated 4 million people in that year who spent a total of 28-million holiday nights.

1967, Transactions - Institute of British Geographers:

Welshmen from throughout the Principality, as well as well-known international players, came to Cardiff to don the famous balck-and-blue jersey.

2015, Gareth Bennett, David Collins, The Little Book of Cardiff, The History Press, →ISBN:


Englisher

From English + -er (occupational suffix).

(dated or humorous) Synonym of Englishman: an English person.

A person who translates works into English.


Tubuai

Possibly from Austral [Term?] or Tahitian [Term?], as those are the two native languages of peoples from the island.

The main island of the Tubuai Island group, Austral Islands, French Polynesia.


Futuna

From East Futuna Futuna, from Proto-Oceanic *putun₁, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *butun (Barringtonia spp.); cognate with Malay butun and Maori hutu (i.e. in pōhutukawa).


Rùm

An island of the Inner Hebrides, in Highland council area, Scotland, United Kingdom.


Small Isles

A small archipelago in the Inner Hebrides, Highland council area, Scotland, consisting of the inhabited islands of Canna, Rùm, Eigg and Muck, as well as some smaller islands and skerries.

A group of five small uninhabited islands on the east coast of Jura, Argyll and Bute council area, Scotland.


Ponza

An island off the coast of Lazio, Italy, in the Pontine Islands, Tyrrhenian Sea, Mediterranean


Bremain

Blend of Britain + remain, by analogy with Brexit.

"We want Britain to remain in the EU. We want not "Brexit" but "Bremain"."

2015 June 22, David Milliken, “U.S. and EU face 'heavy lift' to get trade deal: EU ambassador”, in Reuters:

Like the old Tory trouper Michael Heseltine, I think we can rule out him leading the “Outers.” For Brexit, read Bremain.

2015 October 8, Paul Routledge, “Europe referendum is the big political issue – but where do the parties stand?”, in The Mirror:

Brexit or Bremain? That is the question British voters may have to answer in just five months’ time on 23 June, if David Cameron’s renegotiation ends with a deal at the EU summit in February.

2016 February 21, Timothy Garton Ash, “Whether Brexit or Bremain, fear will triumph over fear”, in The Guardian:

But today the disconnect was heightened further as London's army of Bremain-backing resident called on the city's new mayor Sadiq Khan, to declare Greater London and its nine million population an independent state.

2016 June 25, Jon Austin, “Could London become an EU state? Calls for independence after capital votes to Bremain”, in Express:

(UK politics) The fact of the United Kingdom remaining in the European Union.


Dry Tortugas

An archipelago in the United States, in the Gulf of Mexico.


Lewis and Harris

See Lewis and Harris. Because the island has no traditional name, it is named for its two main regions.

The largest island in the Outer Hebrides and Western Isles council area off the coast of Scotland.


Islands of the North Atlantic

Suggested in 1980 by MP John Biggs-Davison as the name for what ultimately became the British-Irish Council, subsequently adopted as a replacement for the contested term British Isles. A contrived acronym suggesting Iona, an island with cultural ties to both Britain and Ireland.

All of us in the islands of the North Atlantic should recognise new alignments are necessary and "we should be prepared to sacrifice for the new shared future".

As the Islands of the North Atlantic were mapped and remapped in the early modern period, as maps were decorated and redecorated, the bodies of Britain's and Ireland's heterogeneous inhabitants were fashioned and refashioned...

2002, David J. Baker, Willy Maley, British Identities and English Renaissance Literature, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 153:

The continuing presence of Irish volunteers in the British armed forces — and, for over 20 years, as conscripts - serves to underline how relations within 'IONA' - the 'Islands of the North Atlantic' - remain more complex than constitutional niceties appear to dictate.

2006, Roger Broad, Conscription in Britain, 1939-1964: The Militarisation of a Generation, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, page 215:

British and Irish Isles
British and Irish Isles

(rare) Great Britain, Ireland and surrounding smaller islands; the British and Irish Isles.


Watford

en-proper noun

Watford (countable and uncountable, plural Watfords)

From either Old English wæt (“wet”) or wāþ (“hunting, chase”) + ford (“ford”).

West Northamptonshire
West Northamptonshire#English

A village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, Northamptonshire, England, previously in Daventry district (OS grid ref SP6068).


Western Isles

Comhairle nan Eilean Siar
Outer Hebrides

Captain: The multiplying villainies of nature / Do swarm upon him - from the Western Isles.

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:

The Outer Hebrides, an archipelago of the Hebrides in Scotland.


Commonwealth of Puerto Rico

The official name of Puerto Rico, a commonwealth, island and dependent territory of the United States.


Cheshire cheese

en-noun

Cheshire cheese (countable and uncountable, plural Cheshire cheeses)

Would not he believe that he had the same Antipathy to a Candied Orange, or a Piece of Puff-Past, as some have to a Cheshire Cheese, or a Breast of Mutton?

1711, Sir Richard Steele, Joseph Addison, The Lucubrations of Isaac Bickerstaff, Esq., volume 4, John Nutt:

Cheshire cheeses, on account of their great size, are generally packed flat, and in a single tier only.

1901 February 16, “Liability of railway companies under special conditions attaching to carriage of goods at reduced rates”, in The Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal, volume 35, J. Falconer, page 80:

Cheshire cheese had been sent to London from as early as the sixteenth century.

1966, Stella Davies, Living Through the Industrial Revolution, published 2013:

A dense and crumbly cheese produced in the English county of Cheshire.


Tortola

Named after the Dutch island of Tholen with integration of the contracted preposition ter. The toponym was later (incorrectly) reinterpreted as a derivation from Spanish tórtola (“turtle dove”).

British Virgin Islands
British Virgin Islands#English

An island in the British Virgin Islands, the largest and most populated.


Welshery

“I have no Welsh, sir,” said she.
“How is that?” said I; “this village is I think in the Welshery.”


Clactonian

Of or from Clacton (especially from Clacton-on-Sea)


Ikaria

An island in Greece, of the northeast Aegean Sea.


Welsh cake

A traditional sweet griddle-baked Welsh flatbread with dried fruit and sometimes spices.


Hibernocentric

en-adj

Hibernocentric (comparative more Hibernocentric, superlative most Hibernocentric)

more Hibernocentric (comparative)
most Hibernocentric (superlative)


Scotocentric

Scotocentric (comparative more Scotocentric, superlative most Scotocentric)

more Scotocentric (comparative)
most Scotocentric (superlative)


Scoto-

From Latin Scoto-, from Scotus (“Scottish; a Scot”).

The Scoto-Norse originated in Viking colonies established in Scotland and its surrounding islands.

A combining form relating to Scotland or Scottish people.

(historical) A combining form relating to the Scotti of medieval Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.


Loyalist

Patriot

antonym(s) of “person during the American Revolution”

republican

antonym(s) of “supporter of Irish unification”

(US, Canada, historical) A person from the 13 Colonies (of British North America from the eastern seaboard of mainland North America) who was in favor of remaining in the British Empire during the American Revolution.


11 Downing Street

(UK politics) The address of the residence in London of the Chancellor of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom.

(UK politics, by extension, idiomatic) HM Treasury of the United Kingdom.


Principality of Wales

The official name of Wales prior to England's union with Wales in 1542.


Fårö

A Baltic Sea island just north of the Swedish island of Gotland.


Ciarraige

Borrowed from Middle Irish Ciarraige, meaning "the people of Ciar".

Any of several medieval tribes in Ireland


Florida Keys

A coral cay archipelago located off the southern coast of Florida.


Dordrecht

A city, municipality, and island in South Holland, Netherlands.


Irish hint

I gave the salesman an Irish hint that he wasn't welcome by slamming the door in his face.

(colloquial) A very clear and unsubtle indication.


Hammersmith and Fulham

A London borough of Greater London, England.

London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham


Hounslow

London Borough of Hounslow
Richard Hounslow

A town in western Greater London, England.


Wandsworth

Partly derived from the River Wandle, which flows through the town and into the Thames.

A town in southwest London, England, on the south side of the River Thames.


Havering

A London borough on the east side of Greater London.


Waltham Forest

A London borough in northeastern Greater London, which comprises Chingford, Leyton and Walthamstow.


Hillingdon

A London borough on the west side of Greater London.

A suburban area in Greater London, within the same borough (OS grid ref TQ0783).


Tower Hamlets

A London borough in the East End, Greater London.


Haringey

Variant of Harringay. First recorded in 1864. Doublet of Hornsey.

A London borough in northern Greater London.


Richmond upon Thames

London Borough of Richmond upon Thames
Richmond, London

The full name of Richmond in south-west London, England, also known as Richmond on Thames.


Redbridge

Nipissing District
Nipissing District#English

A community in Nipissing District, Ontario, Canada.


Newham

An industrial suburb of Truro, Cornwall, England, located on the Truro River (OS grid ref SW8343).

A London borough in eastern Greater London, England, comprising East Ham and West Ham.

A hamlet in Ellingham parish, Northumberland, England (OS grid ref NU1728).

A small town in the Shire of Macedon Ranges, Victoria, Australia.


Harrow

From Old English hearg (“altar; grove, temple”), from Proto-Germanic *harugaz.

inh

Harrow School
Harrow, London
London Borough of Harrow

A town in northwestern Greater London, England.

A prestigious public school for boys in the town of Harrow.


Harrow

A surname originating as an occupation for a harrower.


Bexley

From Old English byxe (“box tree”) + leah (“wood”), equivalent to box + -ley (“lea”).

An unincorporated community in George County, Mississippi, United States.


Norse-Gaelic

The names MacLeod, Doyle, MacAskill and MacIvor are of Norse-Gaelic descent.

Pertaining to the Viking raiders who settled Ireland and western Scotland and assimilated into the local Gaelic culture


Fireland

From fire + -land, calque of Spanish Tierra del Fuego (literally “Land of Fire”).

calque

Tierra del Fuego
Tierra del Fuego#English


Harp Island

A calque of French Île de la Harpe, named by Louis Antoine de Bougainville for its shape's supposed resemblance to a harp.

French Polynesia
French Polynesia#English

(historical) Synonym of Hao, an atoll in Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia.


Hao

An atoll in Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia.


Ivernia

(historical, archaic) Synonym of Hibernia: Ireland (an island in Western Europe).


West Island

west+island; From its location.
* (New Zealand): by analogy with the North Island and South Island that make up New Zealand.

Cocos-Keeling Islands
Cocos-Keeling Islands#English

An island in the Cocos-Keeling Islands, Australia, in the Indian Ocean


Korčula

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κόρκυρα (Kórkura).


Vis

From Serbo-Croatian Vis, from Italian Lissa.


Mljet

From Serbo-Croatian Mljet, from Proto-Slavic *Mьlětъ, from Latin Melita, from Ancient Greek Μελῐ́τη (Melítē) of uncertain origin. Doublet of Malta and Meleda.


Abbot's Priory

After Charles Abbott, Lord Chief Justice from 1818 to 1832.

[…] after this lady’s retirement to enjoy the otium cum dignitate [leisure with dignity] in Abbot’s Priory, she was visited by a gentleman who had previously and subsequently rendered her the most unequivocal and disinterested assistance, by frequent pecuniary supplies.

1822, Benchiana; or, Sketches of Life and Character in St. George’s Fields […], page 18:

Upon inquiring after George Charteris, Esq. he finds that he has bolted from Palace-yard, and taken refuge in “Abbot’s Priory;” and, to comfort him, the person who has received the 200l. bill, informs him “that Charteris is a notorious swindler.”

1824, “An Accommodating Customer ‘Queered’”, in The Spirit of the Public Journals, for the Year M.DCCC.XXIII […], page 65:

Ned and Tom were soon outside of the King’s Bench, (or Abbot’s Priory, as it was called by the prisoners,) they had not walked far before they fell in with Little Kiam […]

1825, The Dialogists; or, the Circuit of Banco Regis, page 93:

(obsolete, British slang, idiomatic) King's Bench Prison, a former prison in the south of London.


Harlow

From Old English hær (“rock”) or here (“army”) + hlæw (“hill”).

A town and local government district of Essex, England.

A habitational surname transferred from the place name.

A unisex given name transferred from the surname.


Nias

An island in Indonesia, located on the western coast of Sumatra.


Welshie

(slang, sometimes derogatory) Alternative spelling of Welshy


Hawaiian Islands

Polk's first public declaration on the subject appeared in his first annual message of December 2, 1845, and referred to Oregon ; but nearly three months before this he had applied the doctrine to the Hawaiian Islands, and certainly not in the interest of slavery. In September, 1845, Anthony Ten Eyck was sent as agent to the islands, and his instructions prepared under the President's order contained the following significant paragraph :
Your mission, under existing circumstances, is one of great importance. The United States have a deep stake in the continued independence of the Hawaiian Islands. They present one of those commanding commercial positions which Great Britain, judging from her past history, would be anxious to annex to her dominions. To promote the prosperity and secure the independence of these Islands, is therefore the clear policy as well as the duty of the Government of the United States. We could not view with indifference their transfer to or their dependence upon any European Power.

1922, Eugene Irving McCormac, “The "Polk Doctrine" and Minor Diplomatic Questions”, in James K. Polk: A Political Biography, Berkeley, Cali.: University of California Press, →OCLC, pages 690–691:

An archipelago in the Pacific Ocean, almost all of which is part of the US state of Hawaii.


British Antarctic Territory

South Orkney Islands
South Orkney Islands

South Shetland Islands
South Shetland Islands

An overseas territory in the Antarctic administered by the United Kingdom, and also including the South Orkney Islands and South Shetland Islands.

الْمُقَاطَعَة الْبِرِيطَانِيَّة باَلْقَارَّة الْقُطْبِيَّة الْجَنُوبِيَّة

イギリス領南極地域

イギリスりょうなんきょくちいき


Chagos Archipelago

A group of seven atolls in the Indian Ocean, comprising more than sixty islands.


Ameland

An island and municipality of Friesland, Netherlands.


Palmarola

An island in the Pontine Islands, Tyrrhenian Sea, of Italy


Yoron

An island in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.


Manchesterism

(historical) A sociopolitical and economic movement of the 19th century that originated in Manchester, England, and argued that free trade would lead to a more equitable society, making essential products available to all.


tartanry

kitsch elements of Scottish culture, emphasized by the tourist industry


McKean Island

mapped and renamed McKean Island by commander Charles Wilkes of the US Exploring Expedition on August 19, 1840, after a member of his crew.

under 1 sq km, uninhabited atoll in the Phoenix Islands, Republic of Kiribati

Charles Wilkes
United States Exploring Expedition


Baker Island

Named for Captain Michael Baker, who visited the island several times starting in 1832 and eventually claimed and sold it.

a US 2.1 km² uninhabited atoll just north of the equator in the central Pacific Ocean, geographically together with Howland Island part of the Rawaki Islands


Kingman Reef

Named according to captain W. E. Kingman who described it in 1853. The reef had been earlier discovered by the American Captain Edmund Fanning in 1798.

KINGMAN'S REEF.—The following report in regard to this reef, has been received from the U. S. ship Resaca, Commander Green:
August 31st, 1872.—At 1 o'clock, P M, on a wind heading NE 1/2 E, Kingman reef to windward bore SE 1/2 E, distance seven miles, making centre of the reef in lat 6° 27′ 30" N, long 162° 13′ 30" W, which nearly corresponds with the position as given by Capt Kingman. It is certainly a dangerous reef, the discolored water being observed to extend eight or nine miles, the sea combing over the ridge of the reef for a space of about three miles in an ENE and WSW direction. Several patches of white sand and coral were observed from the top even with the water's edge.

1872 October 2 [1872 August 31], Nathaniel Green, quotee, “Marine Journal”, in The Friend, volume 31/21, number 10, Honolulu, page 81, column 3:

The Penguin left Sydney on April 10th, proceeding by way of Suva Fiji to Palmyra Island, where a party was landed to observe the tides. The steamer then proceeded to the north and made an accurate survey of Kingman reef, which was found to be 60 miles due north of Palmyra Island.

1897 August 7, “Editorial”, in Western Electrician, volume XXI, number 6, Chicago, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 76, columns 2–3:

Pan-American Airways Company has established a 500-watt short-wave station aboard the S. S. Trade Wind, anchored at Kingman reef, a tiny coral atoll 1,067 miles south of Hawaii, on the recently inaugurated air-route between Honolulu, and Auckland, New Zealand.

1938 January 15, Chas. A. Morrison, “Short Waves”, in Radio Guide, volume VII, number 13, Chicago, Ill.: Regal Press, Inc., →OCLC, page 44, column 2:

One of the US-administered Line Islands.


Hormuz

Borrowed from Persian هرمز (hormoz). Doublet of Ahura Mazda.

An island in the strait of the same name, five miles off the Iranian coast.


Brexodus

2016 June 29, Bloomberg, “Vodafone mulls London HQ move in Brexodus”, in Irish TImes:

2016 July 2, Márton Hoványi, Ádám Sághy, “Brexit or Brexodus. The theological evaluation of the Brexit”, in Shekinah Research Institute for Theology - Kötőszó, archived from the original on 2021-01-31:

Brexodus fears: Banks may leave London after the vote, it was claimed

2016 October 11, Nicholas Cecil, Pippa Crerar, “Fears grow of bank Brexodus from the City as pound slumps”, in Evening Standard:

So the Brexodus will also include skilled locals, who know they too are better off working in an environment that provides them with opportunities rather than constraints.

2016 November 10, Timothy Devinney, “Brexodus: the world’s highly skilled have options other than the UK”, in TES:

2017 August 7, Lucy McNulty, “City of London urges government to stop Brexodus”, in Financial Times:

(UK politics) The departure of people or companies from the UK due to Brexit.


Haymarket

Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne#English

Any of various placenames, particularly a street in the City of Westminster, London, and the Theatre Royal Haymarket in that street.

An inner city area of Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, England (OS grid ref NZ2464).

An inner city area of Edinburgh, Scotland (OS grid ref NT2473).

Prince William County
Prince William County#English

A town in Prince William County, Virginia.

An inner suburb of the City of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.


Scotch verdict

From its use in the Scottish legal system.

(Scots law, criminal law, dated) A verdict of "not proven".

Scots law; criminal law; Scots law; criminal law


Mainland

en:Mainland (disambiguation)
en:Mainland, Orkney
en:Mainland, Shetland

The largest island in the Orkney Islands council area, to the north of Scotland.

Shetland Islands
Shetland Islands#English

The largest island in the Shetland Islands council area, to the north of both Orkney and Scotland.


Lichfield

en-proper noun

Lichfield (countable and uncountable, plural Lichfields)

From Old English Lyccid, from Common Brittonic, Letocetum, a placename meaning "greywood" + feld (“field”).

A cathedral city in Staffordshire, England.

A local government district in Staffordshire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in the city.


Tewkesbury

From Old English personal name *Tēodec, genitive case *Tēodeces + byriġ, dative singular of burh (“fort”).

A local government district with borough status in Gloucestershire, formed in 1974 and with its headquarters in the town.


Rotherham

Rotherham (countable and uncountable, plural Rotherhams)

From Rother (“a river in South Yorkshire”) + Old English hām (“homestead”).

Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham
Rotherham

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

A large town and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England (OS grid ref SK4392).


Sevenoaks

A local government district of Kent, England.


Tunbridge Wells

A local government district in Kent, the Borough of Tunbridge Wells, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in the town.


Congleton

Congleton (countable and uncountable, plural Congletons)

/ˈkɒŋɡəltən/

From Old English cung (“mound”) + hyll (“hill”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).

A town and civil parish in Cheshire East, Cheshire, England (OS grid ref SJ854628).


Maldon

A town and civil parish in Essex, England (OS grid ref TL8507).


Brentwood

From Middle English brende (“burnt”) + Middle English wode (“wood”).

Contra Costa County
Contra Costa County#English

A city in Contra Costa County, California, United States.


Kettering

Kettering (countable and uncountable, plural Ketterings)

census-designated place
census-designated place

Prince George's County
Prince George's County#English

A census-designated place in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States.


Stockton-on-Tees

Borough of Stockton-on-Tees
Stockton-on-Tees

A market town in County Durham, England, known as Stockton for short. Formerly a Metropolitan Borough, and merged into the County Borough of Teesside between 1968 and 1974.


Bolsover

A local government district in Derbyshire.


Canvey Island

A small but well-populated island in the Thames Estuary which is connected by bridge to the mainland, and which is a town and civil parish with a town council in Castle Point borough, Essex, England.


Bromsgrove

A town in Bromsgrove district in Worcestershire, England (OS grid ref SO9670).

A local government district in Worcestershire formed in 1974, with its headquarters in the town.


Burnley

From Brun (a river name meaning "brown") + Old English lēah (“meadow, clearing”).

Albemarle County
Albemarle County#English

An unincorporated community in Albemarle County, Virginia, United States.


Thurrock

A unitary authority with borough status in Essex, England.


Gravesham

A borough of Kent, England. The main town is Gravesend.


Redditch

A town and local government district in Worcestershire, England (OS grid ref SP0467).


Wychavon

Coined in 1973 from Wych (Hwicca, a Saxon Kingdom) and Avon (“river”)

A local government district of Worcestershire, comprising the towns of Droitwich, Evesham, and Pershore and surrounding rural areas.


Windsor and Maidenhead

A royal borough in Berkshire, England, comprising those two towns and the surrounding area.


Broadmead

A street in central Bristol, England, now the name of the city-centre shopping district.


Chiltern

Chiltern (usually uncountable, plural Chilterns)

Unknown, but thought to derive from a Celtic toponym, presumably related to height. The other placenames derive from the English hills.

CHILTERN, a chain of chalky hills, running from eaſt to weſt through Buckinghamſhire.

1771, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1st ed., Vol. II, p. 184

Chiltern Hundreds
Chiltern Hundreds#English

(historical) Short for Chiltern Hundreds.

(historical) A former local government district in Buckinghamshire, England, abolished on 31 March 2020.


Sefton

A metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England.

A village and civil parish (served by Sefton and Lunt Villages Parish Council) in Sefton borough, Merseyside, formerly in Lancashire (OS grid ref SD3501).

A small town in Waimakariri district, Canterbury, New Zealand.


Teignbridge

A local government district of Devon, England.


South Hams

Presumably from Old English ham (Etymology 1)

A local government district of Devon, England


Erewash

A local government district with borough status of Derbyshire, England.


Broxtowe

A local government district with borough status in Nottinghamshire, England.


Norfolcian

And when in their revenge, the most insatiate Dane
Unshipt them on our shores, under their puissant Swane:
And swolne with hate and ire, their huge unweeldy force,
Came clustring like the Greeks out of the Woodden-horse:
And the Norfolcian Townes, the neer’st unto the East,
With sacriledge and rape did terriblest infest:
Those Danes yet from the shores we with such violence drave,
That from our swords, their ships could them but hardly save.

1622, Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion, Manchester: Spenser Society, Volume 2, 1890, Twelfth Song, p. 223:

1756, Samuel Johnson, “The Life of Sir Thomas Browne” in Thomas Browne, Christian Morals, 2nd edition, London: J. Payne, p. xxix,
[…] he treats with his usual learning on the funeral rites of the antient nations; exhibits their various treatment of the dead; and examines the substances found in his Norfolcian urns.

1837, Charles Lamb, Letter to Mr. Manning dated 25 December, 1815, in The Letters of Charles Lamb, London: Edward Moxon, Volume 2, p. 18,
You have no turkeys; you would not desecrate the festival by offering up a withered Chinese bantam, instead of the savoury grand Norfolcian holocaust, that smokes all around my nostrils at the moment, from a thousand fire-sides.

Of or relating to the county of Norfolk in England.


Norfolcian

A great appearance of these rebellious Norfolcians were got together near Lyn: but the magistrates and people of that town did not side with them, but kept themselves loyal to the king.

1721, John Strype, Ecclesiastical Memorials, volume 2, London: Samuel Bagster, published 1816, Book I, Chapter 21, p. 285:

The most prominent characteristics of the ‘Norfolcians,’ the writer observes, are habitual cleanliness, and a strong peculiarity of dialect.

1801 August, “Erratics”, in The Monthly Review, volume 35, Review, page 387:

1833, “Sporting Intelligence,” The Sporting Magazine, Volume 7 (Second Series), No. 42, October 1833, p. 495,
In the Norfolcians’ second innings, when the two Pilches met together, it was a high treat to the lovers of batting—nothing could excel the beauty of their play.


Croydonian

en-adj

Croydonian (comparative more Croydonian, superlative most Croydonian)

more Croydonian (comparative)
most Croydonian (superlative)

Of or relating to Croydon in Greater London.


Croydonian

A native or inhabitant of Croydon in Greater London.


Dacorum

Originally from Latin, named after the historic hundred of Dacorum.

A local government district with borough status in Hertfordshire, England.


urban district

(historical) a type of local government district, which was created in 1894 in urbanised areas of England and Wales outside boroughs, and in 1898 in Ireland. Abolished in 1974 except those in the Republic of Ireland, which were retitled as towns in 2002.

Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)


St. Croix

United States Virgin Islands
United States Virgin Islands#English

An island in the United States Virgin Islands, officially Saint Croix.


Renfrewshire

/ˈɹɛnfɹuːʃɪəɹ/

/ˈɹɛnfɹuːʃəɹ/

A council area of Scotland, created in 1996 on the abolition of Strathclyde region in part of the area of the historic county.


Wyre

A river in Lancashire, England, which flows into the Irish Sea at Fleetwood.

A local government district with borough status in Lancashire, which is named after the river.


Fenland

A local government district of Cambridgeshire, England.


Pendle

From Proto-Brythonic *penn ("head, top") + Old English hyll (“hill”).

A local government district and borough in Lancashire, England.


Broadland

A minor town in Beadle County, South Dakota, United States.


Babergh

A local government district of Suffolk, England, named after the old Babergh hundred.


Lundy

The name means 'puffin island', from Old Norse lundi (“puffin”) + ey (“island”). Compare Lundey in Iceland.

An island in the Bristol Channel, off the coast of Devon, England, and included in Torridge district (OS grid ref SS14).

A sea area corresponding to the Bristol Channel


Test Valley

Centred on the valley of the River Test.

A local government district with borough status of Hampshire, England.


Ashfield

A town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States.


Amber Valley

A local government district with borough status in Derbyshire, England.


Torridge

A river in Devon, England, which flows into the Taw estuary and Atlantic Ocean.


Jethou

A small island off the east coast of Guernsey and to the southwest of Herm.


Uttlesford

A local government district in northwestern Essex, England.


Vale of White Horse

A local government district of Oxfordshire, England, named after the region. Originally a part of Berkshire.


St Edmundsbury

A former local government district with borough status of Suffolk, England. Merged with Forest Heath district on 1 April 2019 as West Suffolk district.


Elmbridge

Named after the old Elmbridge Hundred, derived from Old English Amele (a former name of the river Mole) + brycġ (“bridge”).

A local government district with borough status in northern Surrey, England.


Spelthorne

A local government district and borough of Surrey, England, comprising the part of Surrey north of the River Thames that was in Middlesex until 1965. It includes the towns of Ashford, Shepperton, Staines and Sunbury-on-Thames.


San Miguel

Santa Barbara County
Santa Barbara County#English

An island in Santa Barbara County, California, off the coast, one of the Channel Islands.


Poluwat

Federated States of Micronesia
Federated States of Micronesia#English

An atoll and municipality of the Federated States of Micronesia.


Armagh

From Irish Ard Mhacha (literally “height of Macha”).

bor

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English

One of the six traditional counties in Northern Ireland.


Thanet

Inherited from Middle English Thanet, Tanet, from Old English Tænett, Tenet, from Brythonic (compare Latin Tanatus, Old Welsh Tanat).
Initial th- is due to an erroneous connection to Ancient Greek θᾰ́νᾰτος (thánatos).

A local government district which includes the Isle of Thanet in Kent, England.


Hoy

en-proper noun

Hoy (countable and uncountable, plural Hoys)

(Orkney, Shetland) From Old Norse há (“high”) + ey (“island”).

An island in south-west Orkney Islands council area, Scotland (OS grid refs HY20, ND29).


Jang

Jang (countable and uncountable, plural Jangs)

Marshall Islands
Marshall Islands#English

An island in the Marshall Islands in Maloelap Atoll, Ratak Chain, Micronesia, Pacific Ocean


Ferro

* As an Italian, Spanish (occasionally Sephardic Jewish), Portuguese, Maltese, Galician surname, all from the noun ferro (“iron”).
* As an English surname, variant of Farrar.

El Hierro, the smallest island in the Canary Islands.


Epsom and Ewell

A local government district with borough status in Surrey, England, named after the two main towns.


Bonin

From French Bonin in an 1817 monograph on the islands by the French scholar Rémusat, misunderstanding Japanese 無人島 (mujintō, “desert island”) as a proper name for the Ogasawaras, misreading the kanji as the related pronunciation buninjima, and then mistranscribing the vowel into French.

Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc
Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc

An archipelago in the western Pacific Ocean, part of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc administered as Ogasawara (a subprefecture of Tokyo prefecture, Japan).

小笠原

archipelago in the Western Pacific, part of Japan

Ogasawara Subprefecture

the prefecture includes the nearby Volano Islands


Edina

A city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States.


Northern

en-adj

Northern (comparative more Northern, superlative most Northern)

more Northern (comparative)
most Northern (superlative)

Les Dawson was a famous Northern comedian.

(British) Characteristic of the North of England (usually capitalised).


Makin

en-proper noun

Makin (countable and uncountable, plural Makins)

An atoll in the Gilbert Islands, Kiribati.


Forest Heath

A former local government district of Suffolk, England. Merged with St Edmundsbury on 1 April 2019 as West Suffolk district.


West Dunbartonshire

A council area of Scotland, one of 32, formed in 1996 on the abolition of Strathclyde Region. Its headquarters are in Dumbarton.


East Cambridgeshire

A local government district of Cambridgeshire, England, based in Ely.


East Lindsey

A local government district of Lincolnshire, England, based in Manby near Louth.


Mid Devon

A local government district of Devon, England.


Derbyshire Dales

A local government district of Derbyshire, England. It was renamed from West Derbyshire in 1988.


Wilson Doctrine

After Harold Wilson, British politician who established the rule.

The convention in the United Kingdom that restricts the police and intelligence services from tapping the telephones of Members of the House of Commons and House of Lords.


Rother

en-prop

Rother (countable and uncountable, plural Rothers)

A river in Derbyshire and South Yorkshire, England, which flows into the River Don.

A river in Hampshire and West Sussex, England, which flows into the River Arun.

Burwash, spread along a ridge between the rivers Rother and Dudwell, was an important centre of the iron industry three centuries ago when the Weald was England's main source of iron ore.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 98:

A river in Kent and East Sussex, England, which flows into the English Channel.

A local government district in East Sussex created in 1974, which is named after the river in East Sussex.


Saipan

From Chamorro Saipan. A folk etymology connects it with the Carolinian for “empty place”.

Theſe Iſlands were diſcovered by Magellan in the year 1521 ; and by the account given of the two he firſt fell in with, it ſhould ſeem that they were the Iſlands of Saypan and Tinian ; for they are deſcribed in his expedition as very beautiful Iſlands, and as lying between 15 and 16 degrees of North latitude. Theſe characteriſtics are particularly applicable to the two above mentioned places ; for the pleaſing appearance of Tinian hath occaſioned the Spaniards to give it the additional name of Buenaviſta ; and Saypan, which is in the latitude of 15° : 22' North, affords no contemptible proſpedt when ſeen from the ſea, as may be ſufficiently evinced from the annexed view of its North Weſt ſide, taken at three leagues diſtance.

[1748, Richard Walter, A Voyage Round the World, in the Years MDCCXL, I, II, III, IV. by George Anson, Eſq; Commander in Chief of a Squadron of His Majeſty's Ships, ſent upon an Expedition to the South-Seas., London: J. and P. Knapton, →OCLC, page 337:

Northern Mariana Islands
Northern Mariana Islands#English

An island, the capital of the Northern Mariana Islands


Muck

From Scottish Gaelic muc (“pig”), recorded 1370 as Helantmok (Isle of pigs).

A small island in the Small Isles, Highland council area, Scotland (OS grid ref NM4179).


Rochford

en-proper noun

Rochford (countable and uncountable, plural Rochfords)

Pennington County
Pennington County#English

An unincorporated community in Pennington County, South Dakota, United States.


City of London Corporation

the City of London Corporation (canonical)

The municipal governing body of the City of London, a local authority within Greater London.

the Mayor and Commonalty and Citizens of the City of London


the Mayor and Commonalty and Citizens of the City of London

(archaic) The official and legal name of the City of London, a local authority within Greater London.


Kuper

Kuper (countable and uncountable, plural Kupers)

Strait of Georgia
Strait of Georgia#English

Vancouver Island
Vancouver Island#English

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

Former name of Penelakut. Ellipsis of Kuper Island. An island in Strait of Georgia, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada


Hambleton

Hambleton (countable and uncountable, plural Hambletons)

From Old English hamel (“crooked (hill)”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).

A small town in Tucker County, West Virginia, United States.


Gaeilgeoir

en-noun

Gaeilgeoir (plural Gaeilgeoirs or Gaeilgeoirí)

Gaeilgeoirs (plural)
Gaeilgeoirí (plural)

Unadapted borrowing from Irish Gaeilgeoir

ubor

Another remarkable development is the way Gaeilgeoirí have made their own of the new social media – they’ve taken to Facebook and Twitter like ducks to water.

2014 February 1, Seán Mag Leannáin, “We'll soon find out whether we lose our native language forever”, in The Journal:

Tate Donnelly, a Gaeilgeoir from Co Monaghan who was, at 21, the youngest candidate in the 2020 general election, running for the Green Party, admits these younger speakers are not using the language of the Gaeltacht, but argues that we need “a new colloquialism”.

2022 January 23, Victoria White, “The New Gaeilgeoirs: Forecasts of the Irish language’s demise are greatly exaggerated”, in Irish Independent:

Brendan Gleeson, a well-known Gaeilgeoir, or fluent Irish speaker, also gave an interview in Irish, while Colin Farrell, his co-star in “Banshees of Inisherin,” slowly backed away and was relieved to quickly find someone who would ask him questions in English.

2023 February 24, Claire Fahy, “‘Bursting Proud’: Ireland Cheers Paul Mescal for Embracing Irish Language”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(Ireland) Someone who speaks Irish fluently or often.


Halton

en-proper noun

Halton (countable and uncountable, plural Haltons)

* (Halton, Ontario, Canada): Named after William Mathew Halton, a British colonial bureaucrat in Upper Canada.

The Borough of Halton, a unitary authority in Cheshire, England, formed in 1974.

A village in Runcorn, Cheshire, England, which gave its name to the above borough (OS grid ref SJ5381).

A village in Aylesbury Vale district, Buckinghamshire, England (OS grid ref SP8710).

A village in Halton-with-Aughton parish, Lancaster district, Lancashire, England (OS grid ref SD5064).

A suburban area in the Metropolitan Borough of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England (OS grid ref SE3433).

A village in Northumberland, England (OS grid ref NY9967).


Key West

Borrowed from Spanish Cayo Hueso (literally “Bone Cay”), which was coined in reference to the indigenous use of the island as a gravesite. Modified by folk etymology to Key + West as it is the westernmost inhabited island of the Florida Keys.

Cayo Hueso

island in the Florida Keys, Florida, USA

An island in the Florida Keys, the westernmost significant cay in the archipelago.


South Somerset

A local government district of Somerset, England.


Cheshire West and Chester

A local government district with borough status, called a unitary authority, in Cheshire, England, created in 2009 when Ellesmere Port and Neston district, Vale Royal district and the City of Chester were abolished.


West Oxfordshire

A local government district of Oxfordshire, England.


Perth and Kinross

A council area of Scotland, and a former administrative county of Scotland created from the administrative counties of Perthshire and Kinross-shire in 1929. Between 1974 and 1996, it was a local government district of the Tayside Region.


Kincardine and Deeside

A former local government area in Grampian region, north-east Scotland, created in 1975 and abolished in 1996. It was absorbed into the Aberdeenshire council area.


Inverclyde

A council area of Scotland, one of 32 created in 1996, with its administrative centre in Greenock.


East Lothian

A council area of Scotland, one of 32 created in 1996, with its administrative centre in Haddington.