Cishan

From the Tongyong Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 旗山 (Císhan).

Ch'i-shan (alternative)
Chishan (alternative)
Qishan (alternative Hanyu-Pinyin)

Taiwan Red Cross members escort rescued residents who were trapped following Typhoon Morakot, to receive medical care in Cishan, Taiwan, 12 August 2009. Taiwan soldiers on 12 August found 70 more survivors from a village buried by a mudslide, bringing to 1,000 the number of people found alive in mountain region affected by landslides in the southern county of Kaohsiung.

2009 August 9, “Typhoon slams Taiwan, China, Japan”, in NBC News, archived from the original on 2021-12-21:

In Cishan, a storm-ravaged town of 41,000, both road bridges had collapsed, smashing houses and taking down cars. Residents jammed a footbridge which remained standing.

2009 August 14, “Taiwan leader says more than 500 dead in typhoon”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-06-28, World News:

The trail runs relatively wide and flat most of the way, skirting the northern slopes of the deep, V-shaped Cishan River (旗山溪) valley.

2014, Robert Kelly, Chung Wah Chow, Taiwan, 9th edition, Lonely Planet, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 206:

We gathered 500 turmeric buds from Cishan District of Kaohsiung City, Taiwan in February 2008.

2014, KaiHsun Hsieh, Wu YongPei, Lin SuJu, “Investigation of the functional compositions of turmeric collected from Cishan District of Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.”, in Crop, Environment & Bioinformatics, volume 11, number 3, →ISSN, →OCLC:

“Bike to Remember” is a cycling event in Cishan District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan and has been held for 5 times already. The event is created in memory a typhoon that destroyed a great part of this area. Although the area has now been rebuilt the organizers wanted later generations to know about the disaster and they encouraged participants to write a brief ‘feeling’ paragraph on Facebook after the competitive activity had finished.

2015, A Fotiadis, C Vassiliadis, SP Yeh, “Participant’s preferences for small-scale sporting events: a comparative analysis of a Greek and a Taiwanese cycling event”, in EuroMed Journal of Business, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

Taiwan has confirmed the country's first case of the highly pathogenic H5N5 strain of avian influenza on a duck farm in Cishan District, Kaohsiung, Council of Agriculture (COA) Deputy Minister Huang Chin-cheng (黃金城) said Monday.

2019, Yang Su-min, Evelyn Kao, “Taiwan reports first-ever H5N5 avian influenza case”, in Focus Taiwan:

They now have more sewing machines than technicians, so they plan to allow residents from Cishan and Meinong to use them in training programs.

2019, Chen Ting-fang, “Da-ai Sewing Workshop”, in Hou Ya-ting, transl., Love Kaohsiung 愛·高雄, number 4, page 6:

Tu talked about his connections in the Kaohsiung area, and agreed to recruit people in Taiwan’s armed forces to gain access to confidential military material in exchange for money, prosecutors said.
Tu recruited retired sergeant major Wang Jui-chi (王瑞祺), who was in charge of an ammunition depot in Kaohsiung’s Cishan District (旗山) while he was in the Army Logistics Command, they said.
Tu introduced Wang to the Chinese officials and Dong gave Tu cash to give to Wang, they said.

2020, Jason Pan, “Supreme Court rejects final spying case appeal”, in Taipei Times:

Military points of interest named in the report include the Taiwanese navy's Haifeng Brigade, an ammunition depot in Cishan, located near the southern city of Kaohsiung, Taiwan's Military Police Command headquarters, and the Army Logistics Training Center.

2022 September 2, Tom O'Connor, “If China Moves to Take Taiwan, Report Sees 3,500 Potential Targets”, in Newsweek, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-09-02, World:

Nansheng Community (南勝社區) in Kaohsiung’s Cishan District (旗山) is one of the few places where there’s been an effort to attract bats, each of which may catch 1,200 mosquitoes per night. Around 70 bat houses were installed across a 1-hectare patch of land, resulting in a noticeable reduction in mosquito numbers, Public Television Service (PTS, 公共電視) reported on July 25, 2019.

2025 June 11, Steven Crook, “Environmental Impact Assessment: My enemy’s enemy: biocontrol in the face of climate change”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2025-06-11, Features, page 12:


West Devon

A local government district with borough status of Devon, England.


Ciaotou

From the Tongyong Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 橋頭 (Ciáotóu).

Ch’iao-t’ou (alternative)
Chiaotou (alternative)
Qiaotou (alternative Hanyu-Pinyin)

The only Special Station public artwork that was commissioned from a Taiwanese artist, Chu Pang-hsiung, is installed at Ciaotou [Kio-A-Thau] Station, near the location of the now-defunct Ciaotou Sugar Refinery.

2011, Anru Lee, Perng-juh Peter Shyong, “Assessing (multi)culturalism through public art practices”, in T.W. Ngo, Hong-zen Wang, editors, Politics of Difference in Taiwan, Routledge, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 194:

Ciaotou Sugar Factory
(橋頭糖廠, Qiáotóu Tángchǎng) Ciaotou consists of a defunct factory (which you can walk into, and explore the old mechanisms and vats) and an old village that retains most of its early-20th-century flavour.

2014, Robert Kelly, Chung Wah Chow, Taiwan, 9th edition, Lonely Planet, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 256:

The jurisdiction area of Taiwan Ciaotou District Prosecutors Office includes 26 districts in total.

2017 September 30, “Jurisdiction”, in 臺灣橋頭地方檢察署 [Taiwan Ciaotou District Prosecutors Office], archived from the original on 2019-07-24:

He promised to create a point of contact to attract businesses and investments, open a science park in Ciaotou District (橋頭), connect Kaohsiung and Tainan via a “technological corridor,” and bring in more than NT$600 billion (US$19.4 billion) in economic output.

2018 November 20, Ko Yu-hao, Sherry Hsiao, Jonathan Chin, “Kaohsiung mayoral rivals cross swords in debate”, in Taipei Times, archived from the original on 2018-11-19:

Ciaotou Sugar Refinery was built during Japanese colonial rule period and was the first modern sugar refinery in Taiwan. It was established by the Japanese company Mitsui Corporation, with operations commencing in 1902. At the height of its yearly production it contributed 60,000 metric tons of sugar. Ciaotou became a prosperous industrial area because of it. The once flourishing sugar refinery closed in 1999, yet it will always be an important part Ciaotou 's sweet history.

2018, “Ciaotou Sugar Refinery”, in Hou Ya-ting, transl., Love Kaohsiung, number 6, archived from the original on 2020-10-22:

His suggestion was soon realized when Taiwan Sugar began operating its first ‘newstyle’ sugar factory in Kyōshitō (present-day Ciaotou District, Kaohsiung City: see Map 1), in January 1902.

2019, Mariko Iijima, “Sugar Islands in the Pacific in the Early Twentieth Century: Taiwan as a Protégé of Hawai'i”, in Historische Anthropologie, volume 27, number 3, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 369:

The Ciaotou District Prosecutors Office and Kaohsiung police both responded Tuesday that no relevant information has been received so far from the mayor's office.
. . .
Wang Po-tun (王柏敦), an official with the Ciaotou Prosecutors Office, said that if Han was to file a charge on offences against privacy, he would have to do it personally.

2019 August 20, Chen Chi-fong, Wen Kuei-hsiang, Wang Shu-fen, Ko Lin, “Kaohsiung mayor voices frustration, claims car wired with tracker”, in Focus Taiwan, archived from the original on 2020-10-22:

Tsai says that 10 years ago, when Kaohsiung County became part of the city, an AmCham Kaohsiung white paper suggested that the government create an industry centered on the long-term care of senior citizens to take advantage of Kaohsiung’s warm climate, lower living costs, and convenient transportation. But the city government has preferred to focus on high-tech industry, such as developing a new science park in the Ciaotou district.

2020 April 22, Louise Watt, “Kaohsiung Seeks a Change of Fortune”, in American Chamber of Commerce in Taipei, archived from the original on 2020-04-28:

An investigation into corruption involving CPC's refinery division was launched after the Ministry of Justice's Agency Against Corruption (AAC) received a tip-off from an anonymous whistleblower, accusing Hsu of taking bribes from businesses.
The AAC reported the case to Kaohsiung City's Ciaotou District Prosecutors Office, which set up a special taskforce to look into Hsu.[...]
At 4 a.m. Thursday, the Taiwan Ciaotou District Court issued an order to detain both Hsu and Liu, with the former held incommunicado.

2022 January 27, Meng-yu Tsai, Tseng yi-ning, Tseng Chih-yi, James Lo, “Department head at state-run CPC detained for corruption”, in Focus Taiwan, archived from the original on 2022-01-27:

The company began construction on a recycled water plant in Kaohsiung Ciaotou District in 2023, which is expected to supply 35,000 tonnes of water daily to TSMC starting next year.

2025 March 14, Carol Yang, “Continental Development Corporation to launch 5 major housing projects in Taiwan”, in Taiwan News, archived from the original on 2025-03-14, Business:


Sinshih

From the Tongyong Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Sinshìh.

Hsin-shih (alternative)
Hsinshih (alternative)
Xinshi (alternative Hanyu-Pinyin)

The Sinshih Interchange is situated in the southern outskirts of Sinshih Township, where Fwy No. 8 crosses Hwy No. 1 and the west side of the Cross-island Railway.

2005, Shih-Sheng 邱士生 Chiu, 飛閱台灣新動脈:第二高速公路空中攝影專輯(再版) [New Artery From The Air in Taiwan: Aerial Photography of Second Freeway], →ISBN, →OCLC:

Figure 12.3 is a map of the Tainan metropolitan area, which shows that the HSR station is located in a suburban area to the southeast of the downtown core. The science park (not shown on the map) is located in the middle of the Sinshih Township in the northeast.

2010, David Emanuel Andersson, Oliver F. Shyr, edited by M. Bruna Zolin, Current Issues in Economic Integration: Can Asia Inspire the 'West'?, published 2016, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 234:

Tens of residential buildings settled or tilted due to soil liquefaction in the Annan district, Sinshih district, and Guanmiao district which drew considerable attention of Taiwanese people. The embankment of the Freeway #3 in the Shanhua District was sliding failure because of soil liquefaction.

2017, B. R. Wu, M. W. Huang, S. S. Ke, W. S. Lee, “Mesh-based soil liquefaction analysis for emergency response-case study of the Meinong earthquake in Taiwan”, in 16th World Conference on Earthquake, Santiago, Chile, archived from the original on 2021-05-31, page 6:

The company, which makes electronic devices for the fitness, automotive, boating and other markets, recently received approval for registration of a new plant in Tainan’s Sinshih District, the Taipei Times reports. The plant represents an investment of approximately $324 million and will generate annual production value of more than $1.8 billion, according to the publication. The new facility will hire 1,000 initially and its workforce could increase to more than 7,500, according to information from the Tainan City Economic Development Bureau.

2021 October 4, Brian Kaberline, “Garmin's new Taiwan plant could double production”, in American City Business Journals, archived from the original on 2021-10-04:

Property prices in 10 Taiwan districts where TSMC has factories have surged by over 20% since 2020, with Baoshan Township in Hsinchu and Sinshih District in Tainan leading the growth.[…]
Among the 10 districts hosting TSMC factories, Sinshih in Tainan has seen the most remarkable rise in property prices. The growth of the Tainan Science Park has attracted a significant number of high-income tech workers to Sinshih, leading to a surge in property prices.

2024 October 19, Charlotte Lee, “TSMC factory expansions fuel Taiwan property values”, in Taiwan News, archived from the original on 2024-11-08, Business:


Longci

From the Tongyong Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 龍崎 (Lóngcí).

Lung-ch'i (alternative)
Lungchi (alternative)
Longqi (alternative Hanyu-Pinyin)

The bamboo forests of Longci produce large amounts of bamboo shoots

2005, 台灣鄉鎮之美 [Taiwan Town and Country], 遠流出版事業股份有現公司, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 148:

The continuous GPS data show that the coseismic deformation in the Longci district (west side of Guanmiao district) had the largest vertical displacement of 100 mm and west horizontal displacement of 50 mm.

2018, Chih-Heng Lu, Chuen-Fa Ni, Chung-Pai Chang, Jiun-Yee Yen, Ray Y. Chuang, “Coherence Difference Analysis of Sentinel-1 SAR Interferogram to Identify Earthquake-Induced Disasters in Urban Areas”, in Remote Sensing, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 4:

The firewood consists of bamboo charcoal produced in Tainan's Longci District, while the rice is championship quality from Houbi and Liujia districts.

2019 November 15, Chang Jung-hsiang, Elizabeth Hsu, “Tainan to give top model 12 products as wedding gifts”, in Focus Taiwan, archived from the original on 2019-11-15:

Yung-Wang Chang, bamboo weaving artisan from Longci, recounts the stories of the once prosperous bamboo weaving industry and how he continues to create and pass on the skills.

2020 February, 美印臺南 [Made in Tainan], number 50, page 01:

The event, which cost the special municipality NT$7 million (US$232,357), was aimed at boosting tourism in the region between Longci and Yanshuei (鹽水) townships over the Lunar New Year and Lantern Festival periods, the city said.

2020 February 10, Wu Chun-feng, Yan Hung-chun, William Hetherington, “Light festival draws 190,000 to Longci in its opening year”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-02-10, Taiwan News, page 2:

Two light festivals taking place in Tainan City’s Longci and Yanshuei districts are making nights in the city more scenic until Feb. 28 next year.

2021 December 27, George Liao, “Two light festivals make nights in Taiwan’s Tainan more scenic”, in Taiwan News, archived from the original on 2021-12-27, Travel & Cuisine:


Syuejia

From the Tongyong Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 學甲 (Syuéjiǎ).

Hsuehchia (alternative)
Hsüeh-chia (alternative)
Xuejia (alternative Hanyu-Pinyin)

Performing groups, including stilt walkers and musical bands, draw crowds to one of the most elaborate processions in Taiwan, held in Syuejia 學甲, Tainan County 台南縣, in honor of the tenth century healer, Wu Pen 吳本.

2003, Taiwan Yearbook, Government Information Office, →OCLC, page 598:

Yeh Wang (1826-1889), a master craftsman born in Chiayi, founded the Taiwanese branch of the industry, and though his work is rare these days, you can still see some of his original figures in Ciji Temple in Syuejia near Tainan (see p.333).

2007, Stephen Keeling, Brice Minnigh, “Central Taiwan”, in The Rough Guide to Taiwan (Rough Guides), Penguin, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 287:

The Taiwanese milkfish industry has faced troubles in recent years, and in 2011 a state-owned PRC firm placed an order for the fish from the town of Syuejia (Xuejia) in Tainan County.

2016, Scott L. Kastner, Margaret M. Pearson, “Winning Hearts and Minds?: On the Sources and Efficacy of Economic Engagement Policies in US-China and China-Taiwan Relations”, in Steven E. Lobell, Norrin M Ripsman, editors, The Political Economy of Regional Peacemaking, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 159–160:

Golden Grande, a maker of personal protective equipment — such as masks, protective eyewear, earmuffs and industrial helmets — plans to invest NT$400 million to install smart production lines and advanced manufacturing equipment at its facilities in Tainan’s Syuejia District (學甲), the ministry said.

2022 January 24, Cheng-hui Chen, “Wind energy project to cost NT$3bn”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-01-23, Business, page 12:

After an investigation following Huang’s death on Friday, police officers identified several witnesses and potential suspects in the case, making 10 arrests over 24 hours. The primary suspect evaded police but was found and arrested on Sunday morning in Tainan’s Syuejia District, reported UDN.

2023 December 3, Duncan DeAeth, “Suspect in shooting death of 43-year-old man arrested in south Taiwan”, in Taiwan News, archived from the original on 2023-12-08, Society:

Prosecutors later suspected that Wang, chairman of Ciji Temple in Tainan's Syuejia District, was the mastermind behind the shootings, but the court acquitted him of the charge because of insufficient evidence.

2025 March 14, Hsieh Hsin-en, Ko Lin, “Supreme Court upholds verdicts in 2022 Tainan shooting case”, in Focus Taiwan, archived from the original on 2025-03-14, Society:


Lioujia

Translingual: Amynthas lioujia

From the Tongyong Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 六甲 (Liòujiǎ).

Liuchia (alternative)
Liu-chia (alternative)
Liujia (alternative Hanyu-Pinyin)

It then crosses Route 165 again and connects with a 1,500-meter radius reversed curve, passing around Guoyi Village, and proceeds through a set of three elements (composed of radii of 2,000, 2,400 and 3000 meters, respectively) into Lioujia Township.

2005, Shih-Sheng 邱士生 Chiu, 飛閱台灣新動脈:第二高速公路空中攝影專輯(再版) [New Artery From The Air in Taiwan: Aerial Photography of Second Freeway], →ISBN, →OCLC:

Tai-Shang Folk Arts Troupe from Lioujia in Tainan put on a performance in the "bull-fight" format, symbolic of Taiwan's early rural life, where those who acted as the peasants were more than 50 years old.

2006, Chiung-Hui 張瓊慧 Chang, 2006亞太傳統藝術節成果專輯 [The 2006 Asia-Pacific Traditional Arts Festival], →ISBN, →OCLC, page 46:

The research is also to explore and analyze the variation of behavioral intentions through the service quality and personal characteristics of a recent management model. Take a case study of Nan Yoan Garden Resort Farm at Lioujia area, Tainan City. The study uses open-ended questionnaire, purposive sampling and convenience sampling to collect date from visitors at Nan Yoan Garden Resort Farm and does an empirical study.

2011, Chung-Ping (張忠平) Chang, 服務品質、顧客滿意與顧客忠誠關係之研究 ─以南元休閒農場為例 [Relationship Among Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and Customer Loyalty ─Nan Yuan Garden Resort Farm as an Example], →DOI:

In August 2006 THSRC invited expressions of interest for the provision of a fleet of five diesel shunters. They are being used at the Zuoying, Wurih and Lioujia depots.

2017, “Taiwan Railway Administration High-Speed Network”, in Railway Technology, archived from the original on 2020-09-20:

The firewood consists of bamboo charcoal produced in Tainan’s Longci District (龍崎), while the rice is of championship quality from the Houbi (後壁) and Lioujia (六甲) districts.

2019 November 16, “Tainan to present 12 dowry gifts to Lin Chi-ling, groom”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-08-09, Taiwan News, page 2:

More moderate earthquakes are likely in Lioujia District in Tainan next week, following a spate of temblors reported in the area on Wednesday, the Central Weather Bureau (CWB) said that day.

2020 August 19, Hsiao-han Yu, Lee Hsin-Yin, “More moderate earthquakes expected next week in Tainan: CWB”, in Focus Taiwan, archived from the original on 2020-08-20:

According to legend, the name of Lioujia originated over three hundred sixty years ago. Near the end of the Ming Dynasty, Chen Yonghua, one of Jheng Cheng-gong’s (Koxinga) chief counselors, was stationed here, and proceeded to cultivate the wastelands and turn them into farmland. The cultivated areas varied in size and hence the names Erjia, Lioujia, and Cijia. Eventually Erjia, Lioujia and Cijia were combined together into one township, and it was renamed Lioujia Township since Lioujia was the central point.

2020 November 6, “History”, in Lioujia District Office, archived from the original on 2022-02-15:

The technology was recognized this year at the US-based R&D 100 Awards, the institute told a news conference at an innovation forum at its Southern Region Campus in Tainan’s Lioujia District (六甲).

2021 December 17, Jonathan Chin, “ITRI touts graphite technology to draw water from the air”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-12-16, Taiwan News, page 2:


Yanshuei

From the Tongyong Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 鹽水 (Yánshuěi).

Yen-shui (alternative)
Yenshui (alternative)
Yanshui (alternative Hanyu-Pinyin)

In Yanshuei Township 鹽水鎮, Tainan County, for example, huge numbers of beehive rockets are set off in gratitude to the 3rd century general Guandi 關帝 whose spirit is believed to have protected local people from a[...]

2006, Taiwan Yearbook, Government Information Office, →OCLC, page 314:

In some smaller towns in Taiwan, the Lantern Festival has taken uniquely local forms, including the gentle floating sky lanterns of Pingsin, Taipei County, and the high-intensity beehive rocket displays at Yanshuei in Tainan County.

2009, Taiwan Business Topics, volume 39, American Chamber of Commerce in Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 65:

January/February Lantern Festival. Nationwide celebration marking the end of the Chinese New Year festivities that varies from area to area but reliably includes fireworks, paper lanterns, lion and dragon dances. It is especially picturesque in Pingsi, where paper lanterns are launched into the sky and in Yanshuei near Chiayi where huge fireworks the size of trucks are part of the fun.

2010, Lesley Reader, Lucy Ridout, First-Time Asia (Rough Guides), →ISBN, →OCLC, page 321:

The Yanshuei Beehive Fireworks Festival in the south of Taiwan is the third largest folk celebration in the world. A parade of palanquins circling the city, setting off thousands of rockets that create a deafening bee-like buzzing sound. This ‘baptism of fireworks’ is supposed to ward off troubles and bring good fortune for the year.

2016, “FESTIVALS YOU DON’T WANT TO MISS!”, in Travel Weekly:

Taiwan’s southwestern city of Tainan has decorated six old streets and alleys in the historic town of Yanshuei with works of art lit at night, to extend the brand benefit of the annual Yuejin Lantern Festival, according to a CNA report on Sunday (Nov. 24).

2019 November 24, George Liao, “Street exhibition lights up old Yanshuei in S. Taiwan”, in Taiwan News, archived from the original on 2021-01-29, Travel & Cuisine:

Like Taiwan’s other old settlements, Yanshuei used to be a walled town. The defensive barrier is long gone, but there’s a reminder of the gates through which humans, horses and bullock carts entered and left in the form of street names.

2022 January 21, Steven Crook, “Highways & Byways: Charming antiquity: Tainan’s Yanshuei District”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-01-20, Features, page 13:

The Yanshuei District, Tainan, is once more in the public limelight because to tales and fantasies about the moon. The post-epidemic period is illuminated by sound and light art.

2023 January 19, Tim Wu, “The Lunar New Year Attractions to See at Once, Lantern Festivals and Markets in Taiwan”, in National Immigration Agency, archived from the original on 2023-05-28:

A century-old, two-day fireworks event kicks off tomorrow in Tainan’s Yanshuei District, drawing thousands of local and international visitors for a unique religious celebration hosted by the Yanshui Wu Temple.

2025 February 10, “Yanshuei Beehive Fireworks Festival Ignites Tainan with Over a Century of Tradition and Spectacular Celebrations”, in Travel And Tour World, archived from the original on 2025-06-13, Taiwan Travel News:


Nansi

From the Tongyong Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 楠西 (Nánsi, literally “west of Nanzihsian River”).

bor

Nanhsi (alternative)
Nan-hsi (alternative)
Nanxi (alternative Hanyu-Pinyin)

The vulnerability of Annan, North, West Central, Rende, and Nansi is ranked as secondary high, and the vulnerability of Baihe, Danei, Yujing, and South is intermediate.

2012, Yu-Chen Lin, Tzong-Yeang Lee, Hung-Chih Shih, “Assessment of the Vulnerability and Risk of Climate Change on Water Supply and Demand in Taijiang Area”, in International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, volume 6, number 7, →DOI, →OCLC, page 400:

Samples from Jhongpu, Fanlu, Nansi and Yuzing show an average tritium concentration of 1.33 TU (Table 4), which is marginally lower than the precipitation of Central Taiwan (1.6 TU)reported by Peng et al. (2007).

2014, S. Sengupta et al., “Spatial variation of groundwater arsenic distribution in the Chianan Plain, SW Taiwan: Role of local hydrogeological factors and geothermal sources”, in Journal of Hydrology, volume 518, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 401:

It's 25km of rolling pitch from the start of the 175 to Nansi.

2014, Robert Kelly, Chung Wah Chow, Taiwan, 9th edition, Lonely Planet, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 253:

The bold attacks launched by armed insurgents against police stations incurred the wrath of the Japanese authorities and escalated into large-scale conflicts spanning the districts of Nanhua, Nansi, Yujing and Zuozhen.

2015 June 9, “Tapani Incident centennial marked by Tainan City”, in Taiwan Today, archived from the original on 2020-11-11:

The Nansi District was formerly known as the "Jiaba Community", and was one of the early territories of the Taivoan, as well as where the Zou resided. Later, due to the invasion of the Siraya tribe, the community members later migrated out to regions such as Gongguan, Paoziliao (Kaohsiung County), and Daciouyuan. During the time of the Japanese occupation, because of its location at the west of the "Nanzihsian River", it was therefore renamed Nansi ("si" meaning "west"). A village and village hall were established here, under the governance of Sinhua District of Tainan Province. After the war in 1945, it was renamed Nansi Township, and was changed to Nansi District after the merging of Tainan City and County on December 25th, 2010.

2018 August 6, “Brief Introduction of Nansi”, in Nansi District Office, Tainan City, archived from the original on 2022-02-16:

City government data showed that some districts were inundated with more than 600mm of rain over 24 hours, with Nansi District (楠西) receiving 700mm.

2018 August 25, “Floods displace more than 1,000”, in Taipei Times, archived from the original on 2018-08-24:

Department of History student Yun-Pei Lien, who had gone to Nansi Junior High School, admitted that she had previously known nothing about Nansi District.

2019 December 13, “Exhibition of Achievements of [NCKU BOOKS-ONE CITY] Mobile Library”, in National Cheng Kung University, archived from the original on 2020-08-05:

Nineteen of the aftershocks — which were concentrated in Tainan’s Nansi (楠西) and Nanhua (南化) districts — exceeded magnitude 4 on the Richter scale, it said.[…]
The Tainan City Government said that the Buddhist Compassion Relief Tzu Chi Foundation had visited Nansi District and provided breakfast for people who have been displaced by the main earthquake.

2025 January 23, Jake Chung, “More than 70 aftershocks rock Chiayi County and Tainan”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2025-01-23, Front Page, page 1:


Sigang

From the Tongyong Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 西港 (Sigǎng).

Hsi-kang (alternative)
Hsikang (alternative)
Xigang (alternative Hanyu-Pinyin)

Six symptomatic leaf samples of three different tomato plants from each infected field were collected in Liouying (LY3, 7, and 8) and Sigang (SG9, 13, and 18) townships in Tainan County.

2007 October, F.-J. Jan, S. K. Green, S. L. Shih, L. M. Lee, H. Ito, J. Kimbara, K. Hosoi, W. S. Tsai, “First Report of Tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus in Taiwan”, in Plant Disease, volume 91, number 10, American Phytopathological Society, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

A questionnaire was conducted to understand the minimum font sizes that the elderly need to see information at bus stops and in transportation information brochures clearly. Sigang Township in Tainan County has been chosen as the study area.

2009, Wan-Hui Chen, Sheng-Hsiung Chang, Wan-I Lin, Kui-Chuan Kao, Szu-Yu Lin, “Design and Evaluation of Bus Information at Bus Stops and Printed Information Brochures for the Elderly”, in Trans. Planning Journal, volume 38, number 4, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-12-14:

Tainan City located in south Taiwan, was the first city in Taiwan to build “an eldercare center”.[...]There are 24,797 people in Sigang District, and the geographically centralized location is good for the elderly living there, and the percentage of population of the elderly there is 18.22% (Ministry of Interior of Taiwan, 2011), which met the standard of an aged society (14%).

2012, Tzu-yu Lin, Seiichi Sakuno, “Successful aging and leisure environment: a comparative study of urban and rural areas in Taiwan”, in Waseda J. Sport Sci, volume 9, →ISSN, archived from the original on 2018-11-03, page 3:

A LAND APPROPRIATION case would be presently unfolding in Tainan, with plans by the city government to expand a highway in Sigang District protested by local residents. Highway expansion plans will destroy not only farmland, but also historic sugar railway originally constructed during the Japanese colonial period to transport sugar from the fields to sugar mills and trees with historic value.

2017, 丘琦欣 [Brian Hioe], “TWO-DAY ARTS FESTIVAL ORGANIZED TO CALL FOR PRESERVATION OF SIGANG FARMLAND IN TAINAN”, in New Bloom, archived from the original on 2020-08-09:

The gifts also include sesame oil from Shanhua (善化) and Sigang (西港) districts, salt from Cigu (七股), Dongcheng soy sauce and Chengkung soy sauce from Sinhua (新化), plum vinegar from Nansi (楠西) and white gourd tea bricks from the West Central District (中西區).
In addition, the gifts include a set of silk bedsheets and pillowcases, which represent a wish for the newlyweds to sleep well at night, dried longans and longan honey produced in Dongshan District (東山) that signify a wish for the birth of a son, Puli-produced lappa and soft rush products from Sigang District (西港), which are to be given to Akira’s parents.

2019, “Tainan to present 12 dowry gifts to Lin Chi-ling, groom”, in Taipei Times, archived from the original on 2020-08-09:

Sigang District is located in southwest Jianan plain, north of the Zengwun River.

2021 May 28, “Geographical location, natural environment, and industry overview”, in Sigang District Office, Tainan City, archived from the original on 2022-02-16:

Some of the trees have suffered prolonged mistreatment. According to the profile of tree no. 150, a Chinese banyan (榕, Ficus microcarpa) just west of Jinsha Elementary School (金砂國小) in Sigang District (西港), it has been repeatedly hacked at so it doesn’t interfere with utility lines.

2022 May 6, Steven Crook, “Highways & Byways: Hugging Tainan’s trees”, in Taipei Times, archived from the original on 2022-05-05:


Cigu

From the Tongyong Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 七股 (Cigǔ).

Ch'i-ku (alternative)
Chiku (alternative)
Qigu (alternative Hanyu-Pinyin)

The proposed route starts at the scenic six-story-high salt hill in Cigu County ^([sic – meaning District]). It then leads to Beimen, a place famous for its vibrant pre-wedding photo-shooting industry, where "churches" and dozens of other romantic landmarks are built for that purpose.

2017, Maggie Hiufu Wong, “A new sex park for Taiwan?”, in CNN:

Although Taiwan is one of the major habitats in the EAAF for migratory birds, especially waterbirds, long-term bird population data and knowledge about population trends are lacking, except for certain flagship species such as the black-faced spoonbill. Therefore, the members of Taiwan Black-faced Spoonbill Conservation Association voluntarily initiated the Long-Term Bird Census in Cigu (LTBCC) project in 2004. The aims of the LTBCC were to monitor the structure and composition of the avian community, as well as to build the population trends of the flagship and the common species to provide the necessary information for decision-making on the management of the Black-faced Spoonbill Refuge in Cigu District, Tainan City, Taiwan.

2019, 吳世鴻 [Shih-Hung Wu], 陳建誠 [Jian-Cheng Chen], “七股地區長期鳥類調查資料集 2004-2017 [Dataset of long-term bird census in Cigu, 2004–2017]”, in 台灣生物多樣性研究 (TW J. of Biodivers.), volume 21, number 1, Endemic Species Research Institute, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-12-20, page 18:

Hsu said the new solar energy facility is planned on the salt flats of Cigu District, which have become a popular site for solar energy developers.

2019, Chang Jung-hsiang, Frances Huang, “Taipower to build nation's largest solar power facility in Tainan”, in Focus Taiwan:

The gifts also include sesame oil from Shanhua (善化) and Sigang (西港) districts, salt from Cigu (七股), Dongcheng soy sauce and Chengkung soy sauce from Sinhua (新化), plum vinegar from Nansi (楠西) and white gourd tea bricks from the West Central District (中西區).

2019 November 16, “Tainan to present 12 dowry gifts to Lin Chi-ling, groom”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-11-15, Taiwan News, page 2:

After nearly two decades of campaigning, political wrangling, and public debate, Taijiang eventually became Taiwan's eighth national park, extending from as far north as the salt pans at Cigu to the southern wetlands at Sicao.

2020, Jessica J. Lee, Two Trees Make a Forest: In Search of My Family's Past Among Taiwan's Mountains and Coasts, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC:

At the end of the contest, all of the contested pigs will be slaughtered and the meat distributed to everyone in attendance as a form of symbolic blessing from Qing Shui Zu Shi Gong. The attendants of this contest in recent years are mostly people from the various Taiwanese clans from the Cigu District 七股.

2020, Joey Yap, Legendary Chinese Festivals, →ISBN:

Taiwan’s largest ground-level solar farm, a 181-megawatt (MW) project in Tainan’s Cigu District (七股), joined the nation’s electricity grid at the end of last month, state-run Taiwan Sugar Co (Taisugar, 台糖) said yesterday.

2021 July 2, Angelica Oung, “Cigu solar farm joins nation’s electricity gird”, in Taipei Times, archived from the original on 2021-07-01:


Liouying

From the Tongyong Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 柳營 (Liǒuyíng).

Liu-ying (alternative)
Liuying (alternative)

The program, which was originally limited to land in industrial zones developed by the Industrial Development Bureau, will be expanded to include the first phase development area of the Liouying Industrial Park developed by the Tainan[...]

Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying campus is a 900-bed regional hospital located in southern Taiwan with a 16-bed medical ICU.

2014, Wei-Lun Liu, Hsueh-Wen Liang, Mei-Feng Lee, Hsin-Lan Lin, Yu-Hsiu Lin, Chi-Chung Chen, Ping-Chin Chang, Chih-Cheng Lai, Yin-Ching Chuang, Hung-Jen Tang, “The Impact of Inadequate Terminal Disinfection on an Outbreak of Imipenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in an Intensive Care Unit”, in PLOS One, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-10-01:

The incident took place at a karaoke lounge in Liouying District (柳營) on June 14 last year, with Mei carrying a modified handgun in a backpack, which he used to shoot Liu at close range.

2020 May 6, Jason Pan, “Police detective killer gets life in High Court ruling”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-05-13, Taiwan News, page 3:

The Tainan City Fire Department dispatched five vehicles and 11 personnel to the scene of the accident. Paramedics found Liao slightly injured, and Ho was extracted from his vehicle at around 5:00 pm having lost vital signs.
Both drivers were rushed to Chi Mei Hospital, Liouying. Ho was declared dead shortly after arrival.

2021 October 20, Phillip Charlier, “Man drives wrong way in freeway fast-lane: 1 dead, 1 injured”, in Taiwan English News, archived from the original on 2021-10-20:


Sinhua

From the Tongyong Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 新化 (Sinhuà).

Hsin-hua (alternative)
Hsinhua (alternative)
Xinhua (alternative Hanyu-Pinyin)

On September 9, when a solitary Japanese patrolman tried to curtail the work of five Taiwanese who were cutting trees from a windbreak (in Anting settlement, Sinhua district), the accused responded "Taiwan is not Japan's land. Why are you stopping us?"

2006, Ping-hui Liao, David Der-wei Wang, Taiwan Under Japanese Colonial Rule, 1895–1945, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page https://books.google.com/books?id=pHlwcjwt7fEC&pg=PT391:

In the morning of October 9, 2005, they organized a BBQ event at Hu-Tou Pei, Sinhua Township, Tainan County, in the name of having a celebration for their political party.

2006, 廉政工作年報, 法務部調查局廉政處, →OCLC, page 291:

If you take a right turn, you can go in the direction of Sinhua, or Tainan. Carrying on in this direction, you can get to Second Southern Freeway or to No. 8 Expressway, going in the east-west direction, which also connects with Sun Yat-sen Freeway.

2018 November 9, “Development Plan for Land Management”, in Mingde Minimum-Security Prison, Agency of Corrections, Ministry of Justice, archived from the original on 2020-12-04:

2019, “Tainan to present 12 dowry gifts to Lin Chi-ling, groom”, in Taipei Times, archived from the original on 2019-11-15:

The 2019 Tainan May Jam will take place at Hutoupi Scenic Area (虎頭埤風景區) in Sinhua (新化), Tainan City from 12 p.m. to 10 p.m. on May 4 – 5, and there will be 30 bands performing in the concert this year, Tainan’s Tourism Bureau said on Tuesday.

2019, George Liao, “2019 Tainan May Jam to take place at Hutoupi in SW Taiwan on May 4 - 5”, in Taiwan News, archived from the original on 2019-05-05:

The current market in Sinhua District has become outdated and cannot meet the increasing trade volume, city government officials said...A fruit and vegetable market in Sinhua District (新化), expected to open in September, is to feature an open structure with a terraced green roof accessible from its eastern corner, where terraces would take shoppers down to the ground level, the Tainan Agriculture Bureau has said....The new market would replace an existing one in Sinhua that has been the city’s largest agricultural trade hub since it integrated four smaller markets in neighboring districts in 2012, bureau officials said.

2021 February 22, “Tainan City Government turning old food market into park-like leisure area”, in Taipei Times, archived from the original on 2021-02-21:

The Sinhua Forest Park is located in the Sinhua District of Tainan, which is close to the downtown area of Tainan with only a 10-min drive.

2021 June 18, Wan-Yu Liu, Yo-Zheng Lin, Chi-Ming Hsieh, “Assessing the Ecological Value of an Urban Forest Park: A Case Study of Sinhua Forest Park in Taiwan”, in Forests, volume 12, number 6, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:


Absheron

Abseron (alternative)
Apsheron (alternative)


Tai'erzhuang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 臺兒莊 /台兒莊 /台儿庄 (Tái'érzhuāng).

臺兒莊//台兒莊//台儿庄

Taierzhuang (alternative also)
Taierhchwang (alternative)
T'ai-erh-chuang (alternative)
T'ai-êrh-chuang (alternative)

By October 31, the first period construction work between Kaotze, on the Yangtze River bank, and Taierhchuang, on the Shantung-Kiangsu provincial border, is expected to be completed.

[1944 September 5 [1944 July 17], “Peking”, in Strategic Objectives in Japanese Installations with Index of Place Names, number 1, Office of Strategic Services, sourced from Tokyo, China Continent, page 20:

Highly placed Japanese spokesmen, shocked by their reverse at Tai'erzhuang, and that at the hands of "secondary" troops, resorted to their favored way of dealing with setbacks. They denied for days not only the Chinese had won back Tai'erzhuang, but that the important rail knot at Xuzhou, of which Tai'erzhuang was an outpost, had never been a Japanese goal in the campaign, which of course it was - and continued to be.

2005, Israel Epstein, History Should Not Be Forgotten, Beijing: China Intercontinental Press (五洲传播出版社), →ISBN, page 67:

A district of Zaozhuang, Shandong, China.


Saybag

A district of Ürümqi, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


Bergstraße

A rural district in southern Hesse, Germany.


Panipat

Borrowed from Hindi पानीपत (pānīpat), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀢 (paṇṇapatta) or 𑀧𑀦𑁆𑀦𑀧𑀢𑁆𑀢 (pannapatta), from Sanskrit पाण्डुप्रस्थ (pāṇḍuprastha, “City of Pāṇḍu”), from पाण्डु (pāṇḍu, “A character from the Mahabharata”) and प्रस्थ (prastha, “city”).

der

पाण्डुप्रस्थ

A city and district of Haryana, India, where three important battles were fought.


Taocheng

From the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 桃城 (Táochéng).

Hengshui City lies in the southeast of Hebei Province, between the east longitude 115°10’ ~ 116°34’ and the north latitude 37°03’ ~ 38°23’. It occupies 8,815 square kilometers with a population of 4.3 million. The Taocheng District where the municipal government is located is 250 kilometers away from the state capital Beijing to the north and 119 kilometers away from the provincial capital Shijiazhuang to the west.

2009, Li Zhanbing, “The City of Hengshui”, in Fu Yuhua, Florentin Smarandache, V. Christianto, editors, Cultural Advantages in China: Tale of Six Cities, InfoLearnQuest, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 39:

For examples, the irrigation price for farmers to pay in Taocheng District of Hengshui City is increased by 0.15 RMB/m³ (from 0.35 to 0.5 RMB/m³), and, at the same time, the government grants a subsidy of 0.05 RMB/m³.

2015, Yue Che, Zhaoyi Shang, “Water Pricing in Colombia: From Bankruptcy to Full Cost Recovery”, in Water Pricing Experiences and Innovations, →ISBN, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 106:

An official from Taocheng District Education Bureau of Hengshui, Hebei province in northern China, said they are investigating the Taocheng Middle School after a lengthy article by a student at the school went viral last week, news portal eastday.com reported.

2022 February 19, Alice Yan, “Chinese authorities investigate private boarding school after student blows whistle on alleged abuse, public shaming and excessive tests”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2022-02-19, Social Welfare:


Heshan

zh-l

鶴山／鹤山 (Hèshān)


Nanhai

Nam Hoi (alternative dated)
Namhoi (alternative dated)
Nan-hai (alternative)

A big poster recently appeared in Nanhai County of Kwangtung Province condemning the unpardonable crimes committed by Mao Tse-tung during his notorious lifetime, according to an intelligence source from behind the Iron Curtain.
Entitled "Our debt of blood must be repaid in kind by pro-Mao reptiles," the poster was put on a "revolutionary martyrs' shrine" at Tali Park in Nanhai County on May 16.

1980 July 6, “Poster attack”, in Free China Weekly, volume XXI, number 26, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

The Nanhai district of the Guangdong provincial city of Foshan in the GBA has ordered those Evergrande projects that are still under construction to be taken off the list as approved collaterals for mortgages and other loans.

2021 October 4, Iris Ouyang, “China’s local authorities take a hard look at Evergrande’s projects to ring fence any collapse from hurting their jurisdictions”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-10-04, Business:

A district of Foshan, Guangdong, China; a former county of Guangdong, China.


Southend

South End (alternative)
South-End (alternative)
South-end (alternative)

Ellipsis of Southend-on-Sea: a unitary authority with borough status in Essex.

A village in Bradfield parish, West Berkshire district, Berkshire, England (OS grid ref SU5970).

w:List of United Kingdom locations: South#South D-South F

A hamlet in Brightwalton parish, West Berkshire district, Berkshire (OS grid ref SU4278).

A hamlet in Turville parish, southern Buckinghamshire, England (OS grid ref SU7589).

A hamlet in North Nibley parish, Stroud district, Gloucestershire, England (OS grid ref ST7495).

A small suburban area in the borough of Lewisham, Greater London, England (OS grid ref TQ3871).

South Oxfordshire
South Oxfordshire#English

A hamlet in Garsington parish, South Oxfordshire district, Oxfordshire, England (OS grid ref SP5801).

A small village in Argyll and Bute council area, Scotland, at the south end of Kintyre (OS grid ref NR6908).


Xiuyu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 秀嶼 /秀屿 (Xiùyǔ).

Since we mainly rely on shipping grain into southern Fujian by sea, we could construct modern docks and warehouses for grain at the ports of Xiamen, Jinzhou, Xiaocuo, and Putian Xiuyu, and organize a special shipping brigade to transport grain in, and to ship out cane sugar, fruits, aquatic products, and special local products.

1987 February 3 [1986 July 5], Wang Zhiqin [3769 1807 0530] [王志勤], Wang Yang [3769 0111] [王仰], “The Crux of the Grain Problem in Fujian and How To Deal With It”, in China Report Economic Affairs, number 007, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Fuzhou FUJIAN LUNTAN [FUJIAN FORUM], No 7 pp 43–45 [福建论坛], translation of original in Chinese, →OCLC, page 87:

Located at Xiuyu, Putian, to the north of Meizhou Bay, the designed capacity for Phase 1 is 2.6Mt pa, with two LNG tanks each with a capacity of 145 000m².

2007, The Journal of Offshore Technology, volume 15, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2:

At least 37 people died in the blaze at the Feida workshop in Putian's Xiuyu district, which broke out at 9.50pm on Sunday, and 19 others were seriously injured, Xinhua reported.

2007 October 24, Raymond Li, “Dozens still missing in Fujian shoe factory fire”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2023-06-07:

The Wuchiu (Wuqiu) Islands are nominally administered in the PRC by the Xiuyu District of the Putian prefecture, but are in reality controlled by the Republic of China, which administers Wuchiu (Wuqiu) as part of Quemoy (Jinmen) County.

2013, Rongxing Guo, Regional China: A Business and Economic Handbook, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 44:

Sun Village now belongs to Wusheng Administrative Village (武盛村) in Daitou Township (埭头镇) of Xiuyu District (秀屿区).

2017, 吴重庆 [Wu Chongqing], “Preface”, in 孙村的路：后革命时代的人鬼神 [The Path to Sun Village: Gods, Ghosts, and People in a Post-Revolutionary Society], →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page XI:

The magazine Bitter Winter reports the government's religious affairs department of Putian spent around $75,000 last month to turn the first floor of the Three-Self Church located in the Xiuyu district's Daitou town into a publicity center to promote the Communist Party and its leaders.

2020 November 23, “Chinese Government Tells Churches to Worship the Communist Party or be Closed”, in Christian Broadcasting Network, archived from the original on 2020-11-23:


Nan'an

From the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 南岸 (Nán'àn).

Chicken is cooked in a variety of ways and two popular dishes are spicy chicken (làzi jī 辣子鸡) and a spicy chicken appetizer (kǒushuǐ jī 口水鸡) that's served cold. Chongqing's spring chicken (mineral water spring, not the season) is a local specialty. It's so good there's a whole street (nánshān quánshuǐjī yītiáojiē 南山泉水鸡一条街) dedicated to serving it. The chickens can be found by Nanshan Park at Huangjueya in the Nan'an District (南岸区黄桷垭南山公园).

2004, Intercontinental's Best of China, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 403:

On November 14, 2011, Heywood had checked in to the Lucky Holiday Hotel in the Nan'an district of Chongqing. Some twenty-six hours later, he was found dead in his hotel room. The apparent cause of death was alcohol poisoning. Heywood's wife traveled from their home in Beijing to Chongqing, and with her agreement, Heywood's body was cremated. There was no autopsy.

2013, Noah Feldman, “A Glimpse into the New China”, in Cool War: The Future of Global Competition, New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 56:

Several areas along Nanbin Road in Nanan district were flooded, with water rushing into the main halls of a Hilton Hotel, according to footage on Pear Video.

[2020 August 20, Phoebe Zhang, “Chinese megacity Chongqing braces for record flood”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2020-08-20:


Longhai

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 龍海 /龙海 (Lónghǎi).

Lung-hai (alternative)
Lunghai (alternative)

Longhai, in Zhangzhou municipality, is offering a profit tax rebate as an incentive to lure foreign investment.

1996 September 11, “Longhai tax breaks to attract foreigners”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-09-28:


Tokat

Borrowed from Turkish Tokat, from Ottoman Turkish توقاد (Tokad).


Misrata

bor

Arabic مصراتة

Misratah (alternative)
Misurata (alternative)

A district of Libya, with its capital in Misrata.


Junín

A city, district, province, and region in Peru.


Moquegua

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish Moquegua.

ubor

A city, department, and district of Peru.


Blantyre

From Scottish Gaelic Blantaidhr, from Cumbric *blain (“summit, end”) + *tir (“land”), comparable to Welsh blaen + tir.

affix

Blantyre District
Blantyre District#English

A district of the Southern Region, Malawi; in full, Blantyre District.


Elâzığ

Alternative form of Elazığ:
A district of Elazığ Province, Turkey.


Chenghai

Ch'eng-hai (alternative)
Tenghai (alternative)

The Chenghai district, in which Swatow is situated, is in fact but a vast alluvial plain formed by the sand and mud brought by the waters of the Han river, the numerous branches of which find their outlet to the sea in that district.

1880, Reports on the Trade of the Treaty Ports 1879, Imperial Maritime Customs, →OCLC, page 208:

China supplies about 70 percent of the world’s toys. Guangdong’s toy exports account for about 75 percent of all such exports and earn the province US$15 billion every year. Almost half of these toys are produced in Chenghai, a scruffy town of 700,000 permanent residents, plus many migrant workers, in the Shantou district.

2013, Rowan Callick, “Doing Business”, in The Party Forever: Inside China's Modern Communist Elite, Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 148:

During my grandparents’ generation and the generation before, most of the clansmen were illiterate, but they were deeply religious and followed traditional ways. They spoke the Chaozhou (Teochew) dialect and were originally from the Chenghai district of the city of Shantou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China.

2015, J. K. Chua, “Cultivating Gratitude: The Seven Signs from Heaven”, in Pebbles in the Pond: Transforming the World One Person at a Time, Wave Four, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 52:

Amid yellow pagodas pointing heavenward, Mr. Peng and a small group of volunteers built memorial arches across the park’s steep roads and paths lined with riotous subtropical vegetation. The site, in the Chenghai district of Shantou, was an appropriate place for memory — Buddhist pagodas are associated with the dead, and many local victims of the Cultural Revolution lie here, many buried in mass graves.

2016 October 2, Didi Kirsten Tatlow, “Fate Catches Up to a Cultural Revolution Museum in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-10-03, Asia Pacific:

A district of Shantou, Guangdong, China; a former county of Guangdong, China.


Panyu

Excavated from the tomb of Southern Han Dynasty at Panyu District, Kuangtung.

1976, 世界陶磁全集, volume 11, →OCLC, page 335:

In recent months, authorities in southern Guangdong province have faced increasingly assertive protests by residents opposed to potentially high-polluting projects including plans for a waste incinerator in Guangzhou’s Panyu district that was eventually put off by authorities.

2010 January 25, James Pomfret, “Hundreds protest S.China project over pollution worries”, in Ken Wills, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-05, Environment:

A district of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.


Banan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 巴南 (Bānán).

By 2006, after working in the city for nearly twenty years, Yu bought his first apartment in Chongqing’s Ban’an^([sic – meaning Banan]) District for US$20,000, securing a 70 per cent mortgage from a local rural credit company, now part of the restructured Chongqing Rural Credit Commercial Bank.

2012, Tom Miller, China's Urban Billion: The story behind the biggest migration in human history, Zed Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 60:

Its Indian arm, Maruti Suzuki, is the largest passenger-car manufacturer on the subcontinent, and Suzuki’s joint venture in China with Changan Automobile recently announced it would build a second plant in the Banan District of Chongqing. The plant will give the venture an annual capacity to build 500,000 cars.

2012 April 19, Paul Stenquist, “Suzuki: Going Places Elsewhere, but Not in America”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-07:

It was reported that Decathlon, the biggest global sports products retailer, is investigating the road logistics base in Banan District, which is planned to create a Southwest logistics distribution centre in Chongqing.

2014, Retail Market Study Worldwide 2014, 6th edition, →ISBN, page 879:

One of China’s top titanium producers has halted production at its unit in Chongqing after members of staff were found to be infected with the new coronavirus, a local government official said on Friday.
Pangang Group Vanadium Titanium and Resources, which produces around 220,000 tonnes per year of titanium dioxide - used as white pigment in paints, paper, plastics and textiles - subsequently put the facility in Chongqing’s Banan district under lockdown, the Banan official said.

2020 February 14, Min Zhang, Tom Daly, “China titanium producer Pangang shuts unit as coronavirus cases found”, in David Evans, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2020-02-14, Commodities:

Extreme heat in China’s southwestern Chongqing municipality has left the city parched and several mountains ablaze.
At least four districts have reported fires since Thursday, forcing 1,500 people from 540 households to be evacuated.
The latest blaze broke out in Banan district on Sunday, while another in Jiangjin district that had been burning since Thursday was not put out until Monday morning.

2022 August 22, Nick Yang, “Fires blaze in southwest China as extreme heat scorches region”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-08-22, Politics:


Nyon

From French Nyon, from Latin Noviodunum.

A municipality and district (Nyon District) in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.


Paracas

From Spanish Paracas, from Quechua Paraaco.

A district of Pisco, Ica, Peru; in full, Paracas District.

Paracas District
Paracas District#English


Gjilan

Borrowed from Albanian Gjilan, Ultimatily a metathesis from the surname Gjinolli, from Albanian Gjin

The third largest city in Kosovo, and the seat of its eponymous district and municipality.


Peja

Borrowed from Albanian Peja, definite nominative of Pejë. Ultimately from Serbo-Croatian peć (“furnace”), which probably refers to the hermitaries in the caves of nearby Rugova Canyon formerly inhabited by Serbian Orthodox monks.

The fourth largest city in Kosovo, and the seat of its eponymous municipality and district.


Mitrovica

The firth largest city in Kosovo, and the seat of its eponymous municipality and district.


Ferizaj

The sixth largest city in Kosovo, located in the southeast of the country; it is the seat of its eponymous municipality and district.


Gjakova

The seventh largest city in Kosovo, and the seat of its eponymous municipality and district.


Zuoying

From Mandarin 左營 (Zuǒyíng, literally “left barracks”).

bor

Tsoying (alternative)
Tso-ying (alternative)
Tso Ying (alternative)

In the suburb of Tsoying (zuǒyíng) are two magnificent temples within a 10-minute walk of each other. Both are on the shore of a lake. The Spring Autumn Temple (chūn qiū gé) has a unique design and includes two pagodas that extend into the lake.

[1994 July, Robert Storey, “South-West Taiwan”, in Taiwan - A Travel Survival Kit, 3rd edition, Lonely Planet, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 241:

In their senior year, Zhang Zewei had been sent back from the military outpost on Jinmen and reassigned to serve in Zuoying, a more comfortable posting in a small town in the south.

2001, He An, “Andante”, in Patricia Sieber, transl., edited by Patricia Sieber, Red is Not the Only Color: Contemporary Chinese Fiction on Love and Sex between Women, Collected Stories, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 178:

In the Taiwanese city of Kaohsiung a category killer may have a store in the northern part of town in the district called Nanzih and the management would name its outlet after the district: Nanzih Store. In this case the problem would be that many target customers living just 7 or 8 minutes away would not shop there, for reasons in large part psychological and first-degree. Because they live in Zuoying district, for example, they will feel that if the store is in another district, it is probably cumbersome to go all the way.

2011, Laurent Sausset, “What Location Means in Asian Markets”, in Shopping Behavior in Asia, Paramount Market Publishing, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 72:

During a visit to the navy’s main base in Tsoying, also spelled Zuoying, Tsai oversaw the signing of a memorandum of understanding on the construction of submarines.

2017 March 21, “Taiwan announces plan to build own submarines”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-10-08:

Set in Zuoying District, in the northeast of Kaohsiung, the largest city of Taiwan Island lays adjacent to Zuoying Harbor to the west and north of Nanzi District. With approximately 59 Taiwanese Veterans' Villages near Kaohsiung (Chen 2006, p. 1),² 23 find themselves in Zuoying.³

2018, “Cultural Memory in Mainland Immigrants' Settlement of Taiwan: A Case Study of Zuoying Naval Veteran's Villages”, in Dynamics of Community Formation: Developing Identity and Notions of Home, →DOI, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 63:

In a verdict issued Thursday, the High Court said that at the time of the crime, Yang was living in Kaohsiung's Zuoying District and the sole caregiver of 1-year-old and 5-month-old daughters.

2022 October 20, Yi-ning Tseng, Matthew Mazzetta, “Mother receives 7.5 year sentence for death of infant left home alone”, in Focus Taiwan, archived from the original on 2022-10-20, Society:


Pingxi

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 平溪 (Píngxī).

Pinghsi (alternative)
Pingsi (alternative)

People release sky lanterns to celebrate the traditional Chinese Lantern Festival in Pingxi, Xinbei city, northern Taiwan, January 28, 2012. Believers gathered to release sky lanterns as a form of prayer for good luck and blessings. The tradition of releasing lanterns began during the Ching Dynasty when bands of outlaws frequently raided villages, forcing local residents to seek refuge in the mountains.

2012 January 28, Pichi Huang, Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-02-11:

The annual sky lantern festival in northern Taiwan's Pingxi District was named by the world's largest publisher of travel guides as one of the world's 14 festivals a person must attend in their lifetime.

2013 December 7, “Pingxi sky lantern festival chosen as a 'must-see before death'”, in Focus Taiwan, archived from the original on 2023-08-21, Society:

In this photo by Chiang Ying-ying, hundreds of people release lanterns into the air in hopes of good fortune and prosperity at the traditional lantern festival during the Lunar New Year in the Pingxi district of New Taipei City, Taiwan. The lantern festival starts 15 days after the Chinese New Year and falls on Feb. 22 this year.

2016 February 22, “Image of Asia: Lanterns released in hopes of good fortune”, in AP News, sourced from Associated Press, archived from the original on 2024-12-06:


Fengtai

Borrowed from Mandarin 豐臺 /豐台 /丰台 (Fēngtái).

In fact, the existing admission procedures apply only to what are known as “intellectual youth”, that is to say secondary school graduates transferred to the country or a factory, and only students in large towns fall into this category. Fengtai, near Peking, has a population of 150,000 and is nevertheless regarded as belonging to the country, its secondary school graduates being excluded from selection for the universities. On the other hand, secondary school graduates in Peking who have been sent to Fengtai factories are entitled to apply for a university place.

1977, Marianne Bastid-Bruguière, “Higher Education in the People's Republic of China”, in Science and Technology in the People's Republic of China, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 121:

“The circumstances of the criminality were slight and they were able to acknowledge and repent their crimes,” the procuratorate, or prosecutors’ office, of Fengtai district in south Beijing, said of the officers.

2016 December 23, Chris Buckley, Adam Wu, “No Trial for Beijing Officers Over Death of Environmentalist”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-12-24, Asia Pacific:

An outbreak in the Xinfadi wet market, in Fengtai District of southern Beijing, in mid-June led to a complete lockdown of 12 communities near the market and mass testing of over 11 million residents across Beijing by 6 July. A total of 335 new cases were detected.

2021 May 13, Zhenjie Yang, Guilan Zhu, Linda Chelan Li, Yilong Sheng, “Services and surveillance during the pandemic lockdown: Residents’ committees in Wuhan and Beijing”, in China Information, volume 35, number 3, →DOI, page 425:

Local authorities have identified Fengtai district in southern Beijing as the epicentre of a cluster of six new confirmed infections, taking the number of cases in the capital to 34.

2022 January 23, “Beijing tests 2 million for Covid as Winter Olympics loom”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2022-01-23:

A district of Beijing, China, with the forementioned town inside as the namesake.


Qingyuan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 清苑 (Qīngyuàn).

The same point of view was expounded in a folk ditty of Hopei Province: "Bound feet, bound feet, past the gate can't retreat."⁶

[1967, Howard S. Levy, “Introductory Remarks”, in Chinese Footbinding: The History of a Curious Erotic Custom, New York: Bell Publishing Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 30, 301:

The political and legal affairs committee of Qingyuan district in Baoding, Hebei province, announced on Friday that it would look into the allegation after a report by The Beijing News that day.
According to the report, the police officer, identified only by his family name Yang, was being tried for dereliction of duty in Qingyuan District People’s Court last month when he submitted a recording of a conversation in which the boss allegedly tells Yang and an auxiliary officer to take full responsibility for the death of a suspected criminal.

2019 December 9, Zhuang Pinghui, “Communist Party to reopen death in custody case after police officer claims he was scapegoat”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-12-09, China society:


Changle

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 長樂 /长乐 (Chánglè).

Changlo (alternative)
Ch'ang-lo (alternative)
Diongloh (alternative)

Diongloh, a small port on the Min river 15 miles southeast of Foochow, fell to Chinese troops on Saturday.[…]Approximately 200 Japanese who tried to make a stand at Diongloh were wiped out, the Chinese said.

[1945 May 22 [1945 May 21], Spencer Moosa, “Chinese Take Railhead as Japs Retire”, in Hope Star, Hope, Ark., sourced from Chungking (AP), →OCLC, page 6, column 7:

Such an informal recruitment process seems to give just about anybody with the right connections or in the right social circles the opportunity to enter the business. Such was the story of a teacher in Changle County who became involved in the business because her husband was without a stable job at one point.

2008, Sheldon X. Zhang, Chinese Human Smuggling Organizations, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 31:

Nowadays, the craft has been listed as one of the intangible cultural heritages of Fuzhou City. Four inheriting bases for the craft have been set up in four schools in Changle District of Fuzhou, where Chen spends his leisure time teaching students.

2021 June 6, “GLOBALink Young craftsman revives hundred-year-old handicraft in SE China's Fujian”, in huaxia, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2021-06-06:

The New York outpost, which was set up by the city of Fuzhou, is based in the offices of a Chinese community organization, the America Changle Association NY, according to the state-run China Youth Daily, which last year published a document listing various police outposts. Changle is a district in the city of Fuzhou. The article has since been deleted.

2023 January 12, Megha Rajagopalan, William K. Rashbaum, “With F.B.I. Search, U.S. Escalates Global Fight Over Chinese Police Outposts”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-01-12, Europe:

A district of Fuzhou, Fujian, China; a former county of Fujian, China.


Tunxi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 屯溪 (Túnxī).

T'un-hsi (alternative)
Tunki (alternative)

The bronze vessels discovered at Tunhsi, in Anhwei province south of the Yangtze River, were found in several tombs of the Western Chou dynasty.

[1973 June, Nai Hsia, “600,000 Years of Labor and Struggle”, in China Reconstructs, China Welfare Institute, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 24, column 3:

The same is true of Western Zhou bronzes excavated in Dantu county, Jiangsu Province, and Tunxi, Anhui Province.[...]The bronzes from a tomb of the Western Zhou at Yiqi, Tunxi, also have some of their own peculiar designs, such as a gui with a weaving pattern commonly seen on bamboo-woven articles of south China, but rarely encountered in the Central Plain.

1980, Li Xueqin, 中国青铜器的奥秘 [The Wonder of Chinese Bronzes], Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, page 77:

Thus, it was only with the help of supporters that Gale was able to take postgraduate medical courses at Columbia Medical College, and prepare for the new mission field in Tunki Anhwei.

[2001, M. Cristina Zaccarini, The Sino-American Friendship as Tradition and Challenge: Dr. Ailie Gale in China, 1908–1950, Lehigh University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 97:

Round-trip flights between Shanghai and Huangshan City (also known as Tunxi) start at 580 renminbi (about $93)[…]

2011 October 28, Justin Bergman, “In Anhui, China, Centuries-Old Charm”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-05-01, TRAVEL:

An hour later, we said hello to Tunhsi. Tunhsi is the gateway to Huangshan, China’s most spectacular mountain.

[2016, Bill Porter, “Huangshan & Chiuhuashan [黃山 九花山]”, in South of the Yangtze: Travels Through the Heart of China, Counterpoint Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 139:


Xinhui

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 新會 /新会 (Xīnhuì).

Hsinhui is one of the four famous counties in Kwangtung Province, where the great bulk of Overseas Chinese in North and South America originally came from.[…]Because of its picturesque landscape with one of the oldest banyan trees in existence, Hsinhui county has become one of the eight most scenic resorts in Kwangtung Province, which included the visits of Chou En-lai and Yeh Chien-ying.

[1973, T. K. Cheung, “My First Encounter and a Political Debate”, in Ex-CIA Man: In and Out of China, Hong Kong: Asian Research Service, →OCLC, page 23:

A number of Jiangmen's townships have become highly concentrated production areas. For instance, in 2001, Siqian, in Jiangmen's southern city of Xinhui, produced 80 percent of its industrial value from metal kitchen products.

2003 April, Michael Enright, Edith Scott, “Jiangmen”, in The Greater Pearl River Delta, Hong Kong: Invest Hong Kong, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 101:

The smell of tangerines wafts across Jiangmen’s Xinhui district on a late autumn day, as it has done for centuries.
But ambitious urbanisation plans for the city on the west bank of the Pearl River, part of the Chinese government’s “Greater Bay Area” drive, mean it may not do so for much longer.

2017 November 19, Huifeng He, “Pearl River Delta’s poorer cities plan big changes in ‘Greater Bay Area’ push”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-11-19, Policies & Politics:

A district of Jiangmen, Guangdong, China; a former county of Guangdong, China.


Wulong

SUMMARY OF A FARM BUSINESS STUDY IN WU LUNG, SZECHWAN 1943-44
A farm business study was made in Wulung County, Eastern Szechwan Province for the year 1913-44 . Wulung, a mountainous county, is located on the right bank of the[...]

[1940s, Economic Facts, numbers 16-51, Nan-ching shih University, →OCLC, page 715:

A landslide at a southwestern Chinese iron ore mine has buried at least 59 people, state media said on Friday.
Rescuers were on their way to the disaster site in Wulong county in Chongqing municipality, the official Xinhua news agency said.

2009 June 5, Ben Blanchard, “Landslide buries at least 59 in southwest China”, in Bill Tarrant, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-08-07, Asia Crisis:

In another case, the CYD disclosed a brazen case of law violation. In November 1997, when a female college graduate went to the Center of Exchange of Talent (rencai jiaoliu zhongxin) in Wulong county government, Chongqing, for a job interview, the head of the center, Luo Yongsheng, lured the student and raped her.

2013, Qiang Fang, “Chinese Media and the Rule of Law: The Case of the China Youth Daily, 1979-2006”, in Xiaobing Li, Qiang Fang, editors, Modern Chinese Legal Reform: New Perspectives, University Press of Kentucky, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 42:

A district of Chongqing, China, formerly a county.


Jinzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 金州 (Jīnzhōu).

/d͡ʒɪnˈd͡ʒoʊ/


Hailar

From Mongolian Хайлаар (Xajlaar)/ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠷ (qayilar).

After visiting Hailar, the trade centre of North-Eastern Mongolia and Trans-Hingan Manchuria, Dr. Fritsche entered Russian territory at Tsurukhaitu.

1874 June 22, Henry Bartle Frere, Address to the Royal Geographical Society, page clxxvi:

The first outbreak continued without any interruption at Manchouli and passed on to the other cities until its suppression in the following April. The second outbreak did not show its full virulence until November, at Hailar, where I personally examined the early bubonic cases and saw the gradual evolution through the septicemic into the pulmonary form.

1922, Lien Teh Wu, “Plague in the Orient with Special Reference to the Manchurian Outbreaks”, in Addresses & Papers, Dedication Ceremonies and Medical Conference, Peking Union Medical College, September 15-22, 1921, Concord, New Hampshire: Rumford Press, →OCLC, page 193:

From the time the Allies invited them into Harbin (the end of December, 1917), Chinese troops had been moving rapidly along the Chinese Eastern Railway to take over garrison duties throughout the zone.⁹ According to Semenov, it was only through a combination of force and trickery that he was able to keep Hailar and Manchouli out of their hands.¹⁰

1957, James William Morley, The Japanese Thrust into Siberia, 1918, Columbia University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 85:

The aircraft was reported to have landed at Hailar, a city of about 100,000 people in Inner Mongolia about 70 miles from the Soviet border.

1985 December 25, “SOVIET AIRLINER REPORTEDLY HIJACKED TO CHINA”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, section 1, page 4:

Hailar district, an administrative division about three hours away from Manzhouli, has blocked some roads linking it to the outside and required people arriving from Manzhouli to be quarantined at centralised facilities for two weeks.

2021 November 28, Roxanne Liu, Gabriel Crossley, “Parts of northern China tighten curbs on new COVID-19 flare-ups”, in Kim Coghill, Gerry Doyle, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-11-29, China:

A district and former county-level city of Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China.

海拉爾 /海拉尔

district and former county-level city in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, China


Sanshui

Borrowed from Mandarin 三水 (Sānshuǐ, literally “three waters”).

People in some 10 counties along the West River basin in Kwangtung Province have been mobilized to join in flood-fighting or disaster relief work, with more than 10,000 in Sanshui County alone.

1978 May 28, “Drought striken North”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIX, number 21, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

This month, she will travel to the Sanshui District in Guangdong province to begin recording the show. The 10th season of Chinese Dream Show began last Sunday (Feb 25).

2018 March 4, Huiwen Ng, “Grandma Mary to star in reality talent show Chinese Dream Show”, in The Straits Times, archived from the original on 2018-03-04:

A district of Foshan, Guangdong, China; a former county of Guangdong, China.


Wanzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 萬州 /万州 (Wànzhōu).

After more than three hours in cramped vans and buses, we gave up on our hoped-for destination, a supposedly lovely town called Wanzhou, and debarked, at lunchtime, in Liangping, a gray, homely town we’d never heard of.

2010 December 24, Matt Gross, “Lost in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-11-04, Travel:

A statement from Wanzhou district police said the 48-year-old female passenger asked the driver to pull over after she missed her stop, but he didn’t.

2018 November 2, “Woman fought with driver, causing bus to fall in China river”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-08-16:

In Wanzhou district, northeast of Chongqing, floods have caused 227.8 million yuan ($31.5 million) worth of economic losses, state broadcaster CCTV said.

2023 July 5, Bernard Orr, Ella Cao, Ethan Wang, “Rain kills 15 in southwest China as Xi urges better defences”, in Andrea Ricci, Robert Birsel, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-07-05, Asia Pacific:


Tongzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 通州 (Tōngzhōu).

Tungchow (alternative)
T'ung-chou (alternative)

The centerpiece of the plan will be an administrative center in the Beijing suburb of Tongzhou, a historic move that reverses decades of urban planning that wedged government offices into the imperial city center.

2015 July 11, Ian Johnson, “Chinese Officials to Restructure Beijing to Ease Strains on City Center”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-07-13, ASIA PACIFIC:

A residential project in the capital city that went on sale in October in the eastern district of Tongzhou offered a 1% discount to buyers if they made down-payments within seven days to one month, a salesperson told Reuters.

2022 January 5, Liangping Gao, Ryan Woo, “Home prices in large Chinese cities show tentative signs of stabilising”, in Ana Nicolaci da Costa, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-01-05, Asian Markets:


Sivas

From Turkish Sivas and Ottoman Turkish سیواس (Sivas), from Byzantine Greek Σεβάστεια (Sebásteia), from Ancient Greek Σεβαστός (Sebastós) + -εια (-eia, “-ia: forming place names”), from σεβαστός (sebastós, “venerable, august”) used as a calque of Latin Augustus. Doublet of Sebastia.


Hongkou

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 虹口 (Hóngkǒu, literally “Rainbow Mouth”), a variation of earlier 洪口 (Hóngkǒu, literally “Flood Mouth”).

There were also public mess halls in Shanghai, but they were mostly managed by the people. Under the disguise of "cultural revolution", some inhabitants' service establishments appeared in the districts around Chu's Family Bay. With the help of the old street inhabitants' committee, the one thousand odd households in Lungchang-li and Hungkou District were also organized and mess halls, factories, nurseries and spare-time middle-schools were set up. But they were not as progressive in scale and in nature as those in Peking and Tientsin.¹³

[1962, Shih Ch'eng-chih, “Types of Experimental Urban Communes”, in Urban Commune Experiments Communist China, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, published 1974, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 54:

On Tuesday, Netanyahu and his wife toured Shanghai’s Ohel Moshe synagogue in the Hongkou district that was home to many of the 18,000 Jews granted refuge in Shanghai from the horrors of Nazi persecution.

2013 May 7, “Netanyahu: Jewish people capable of own defense”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-25:


Birbhum

Borrowed from Bengali বীরভূম (birbhum) c. 18th century.

Beerbhoom (alternative archaic)
Beerboom (alternative archaic)
Beerbhum (alternative archaic)
Birbhoom (alternative archaic)
Birboom (alternative archaic)


Yongding

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 永定 (Yǒngdìng).

It was never easy to get in or out of Chen Dong, in the rugged and mountainous southwestern corner of Yongding County in Fujian Province, near the border with Guangdong Province. For most of the 20th century, there were no paved roads in the area, so walking to the nearest town could take days.

2003 August 17, David W. Chen, “A China Odyssey Sheds Light on a Murky Past, and Hints at the Future”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2011-02-20, World:

Communal packed-earth buildings in China date back 6,000 years, but tulou took the style to a whole new level both in scale and sophistication. In 2008, Unesco recognised their importance and gave 46 buildings a World Heritage listing. Three clusters of tulou – Hongkeng, Gaobei and Chuxi – in Yongding district, near the border with Guangdong, account for 21 of them. However, the Lin elders tell me the listing has done little to help them, and tulou in various states of disrepair dot the countryside.

2017 October 17, “Inside Fujian’s Unesco-listed Hakka roundhouses: their history, architecture and why heritage status is mixed blessing”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-10-19, Travel & Leisure:

A district of Longyan, Fujian, China, formerly a county.

A government official in the Yongding district in Zhangjiajie, which oversees the suburban Xixiping neighbourhood, confirmed the blast but declined to give further details.

2008 July 2, Shipeng Guo, Benjamin Kang Lim, “China man blows up govt office and injures 12”, in Ben Tan, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-04-23, World News:

A district of Zhangjiajie, Hunan, China.


Dianbai

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 電白／电白 (Diànbái).

zh-l

電白／电白 (Diànbái)

Credit cooperatives in Kwangtung have helped the rural areas save capital and develop production. In some counties they have been able to solve basically the problem of capital for the development of agricultural production and have made contributions to farmland capital construction and the development of agricultural mechanization. In Tienpai County, where many credit cooperatives have propagated the importance of shunning extravagance and going in for diligence and thrift, the savings of commune members have risen by 100 percent in three years.

[1972 September 29 [1972 September 16], “Kwangtung Credit Cooperatives”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 191, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Canton Kwangtung Provincial Service, translation of original in Mandarin, →ISSN, →OCLC, People's Republic of China: Central-South Region, page D 4:

After July 7, Dianbai become synonymous with another trend in China: widespread cheating on entrance examinations.[…]
In Dianbai, shops openly sold or rented pagers that could receive exam answers and display them on their screens.

2000 August 8, John Pomfret, “China Finds Rampant Cheating on College Test”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-08-28:

There was paperwork to sign and a weekend to contend with before a day of travel from Beijing to Dianbai, the town the orphanage was in. When the bus arrived in Dianbai the orphanage director got on the bus and said we should go to our hotel in Maoming and the girls would be brought to us.

2003, Richard Mintzer, Yes, You Can Adopt!: A Comprehensive Guide to Adoption, Carroll & Graf Publishers, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 201:

A district and former county of Maoming, Guangdong, China.


Chongming

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 崇明 (Chóngmíng, literally “Lofty & Bright”), initially given as the name of a town on the island in 705.

bor

Chungming (alternative)
Ch'ung-ming (alternative)
Tsungming (alternative)

At a regular press conference, an official from the Chongming district, an outlying island area, said most curbs would be kept in place, although it has reported zero cases outside quarantined areas and 90% of its 640,000-or-so residents were now in theory allowed to leave their homes.

2022 April 21, Brenda Goh, Ella Cao, Marius Zaharia, “Shanghai people 'not free to fly' out of homes as COVID cases tick back up”, in Simon Cameron-Moore, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-04-01:

A district of Shanghai, China, consisting of Chongming Island as well as Changxing, Hengsha, and other smaller islands in the Yangtze.


Tsining

zh-l

集寧／集宁 (Jíníng)

The southwestern part of the region is served by the line from Peking to Paotow via Tsining and Huhehot and, since 1955, by the Tsining-Ulan-Bator railroad. A continuation of the Peking-Paotow railroad is under construction to Lanchow via Yinchwan.

1956, Theodore Shabad, China's Changing Map: A Political and Economic Geography of the Chinese People's Republic, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, page 235:

Late at night we reached Tsining. At this point the Trans-Mongolian Railway branches off to the north. Although it runs for another 220 miles or so on Chinese soil as far as the frontier station of Erhlien, the track changes to the Russian gauge at Tsining.

1963, Klaus Mehnert, Peking and Moscow, New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, page 259:

Dated form of Jining: a district and former county-level city of Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China.


Yanping

From Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 延平 (Yánpíng).

The Chinese String Puppet Show is a folk art with unique Chinese characteristics. The string puppets in Taqian Town, in Yanping District of Nanping City, Fujian Province, enjoy a long and rich history.

2002 October, Wang Shiliang, “Daqiang Puppets”, in China Tourism, number 267, H.K. China Tourism Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 80, column 2:

It must be pointed out that due to the intervention of the government in 1998; the snake god contest had new contents in its ceremony activities. For example, there is a placard with eye-catching slogan of "to revitalize Zhanghu by developing economy" at the forefront of the parade and a rostrum at the centre of the town for the authorities of the government in Yanping district, Nanping and those of the town. All of the parades were expected to pass by here and put on a show.

2012, Ma Guoqing, “Globalization: Production of Culture and Cultural Identity — Ethnic Group, Local Society and Transnational Cultural Circle”, in Deng Zhenglai, editor, Globalization and Localization: The Chinese Perspective, volume 3, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 214:


Nanaimo

From Halkomelem Snuneymuxw (“gathering place”).

der

Vancouver Island
Vancouver Island#English

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

The Regional District of Nanaimo, a regional district on Vancouver Island, British Columbia.


Dushanzi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 獨山子 /独山子 (Dúshānzǐ).

By mid-1960 track had been laid to within 200 miles of Urumchi; but by mid-1961 it remained uncompleted, possibly because of a lack of steel for rails. From Urumchi, it was planned to extend the line westward past the oilfields at Tushantzu, into the Dzhungarian Gate.

[1962, W. A. Douglas Jackson, “Sino-Soviet Relations and the Communist Revolution”, in The Russo-Chinese Borderlands: Zone of Peaceful Contact or Potential Conflict?, 2nd edition, D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., published 1968, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 91:

An oil field was discovered at Karamai in 1955, the first of a number to be found in Dzungaria. This oil find has greatly helped China’s industrial development, and the oil fields are now linked to Lanchow by pipeline and by rail. Large refineries have been built at Lanchow and at Tushantzu in Dzungaria.

[1971, Robert Clayton, “Sinkiang”, in China (Finding Out About GEOGRAPHY), New York: John Day Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 12, column 1:

Petroleum is by far the most important fuel resource in Xinjiang. Initial commercial petroleum production dates from about 1940, when the relatively small Dushanzi field was developed, largely by the Soviets, some fifteen miles southeast of Wusu, a highway junction west of Urumqi.

1979, Donald H. McMillen, Chinese Communist Power and Policy in Xinjiang, 1949-1977, Westview Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 7:

On February 16, 1944, China and Russia signed the Resource Sale Agreement, by which the USSR sold all its buildings and facilities at the Tu-shan-tzu oil fields to China for $1.7 million (U.S. dollars).

[1987, Arthur C. Hasiotis, Jr., Soviet Political, Economic, and Military Involvement in Sinkiang from 1928 to 1949, Garland Publishing, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 127:

“It is hugely difficult to build a new refinery out of the Gobi Desert. We have pushed it back by about a year,” a company source told Reuters by telephone from Dushanzi city in Xinjiang region, near the Kazakhstan border.

2008 January 3, Aizhu Chen, “RPT-UPDATE 2-PetroChina delays refinery, petchem unit to end '08”, in Ramthan Hussain, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-03-21, Oil and Gas:

A district of Karamay, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


Xisha

Columbia University Press
Frederick A. Praeger
Saul B. Cohen
Xisha (disambiguation)

c. late 20th c., from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 西沙 (Xīshā, literally “western sand”).

bor

Hsisha (alternative)
Hsi-sha (alternative)
Sisha (alternative)

Only last month, China established Xisha District (西沙) on Woody Island (Yongxing Island, 永興島) and Nansha District (南沙) on the reef, both of which fall under Sansha, a prefecture-level city established in 2012.

2020 May 27, Li-shih Lu, “China’s expanding military reach”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-06-03, Editorials, page 8:

Holotype. ♂, China, Hainan Province, Yongxing Island, Xisha District, Sansha City, 23-III-2017, coll. Bo CAI, yellow pan traps (NJFU).[…]
Etymology. The specific epithet is named after Xisha District, Hainan Province, where the species was first discovered.

2021 [2020], Yu Zhou [周玉], Bo Cai [蔡波], Cuiqing Gao [高翠青], “A new species of Geocoris Fallén (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Geocoridae) from Hainan Province, China [中国海南大眼长蝽属一新种（半翅目：异翅亚目：大眼长蝽科）]”, in Entomotaxonomia [昆虫分类学报], volume 43, number 1, published 2021, →DOI, →ISSN Invalid ISSN, archived from the original on 2024-03-06, pages 4-5:

Sansha City has two districts, both created in April 2020.²¹² The Xisha District (西沙区) People’s Government is based on Woody Island and has jurisdiction over the Paracel Islands and Zhongsha Islands.²¹³ The Nansha District (南沙区) People’s Government is based on Fiery Cross Reef and has jurisdiction over the Spratly Islands.²¹⁴ Each district assumably has a district party committee as well.²¹⁵ Though publicly available information on these new districts is scarce, the establishment of Xisha District and Nansha District will likely improve Sansha’s administrative capacity and expand localized policymaking.²¹⁶

2021 January, Zoe Haver, “China Maritime Report No. 12: Sansha City in China's South China Sea Strategy: Building a System of Administrative Control”, in CMSI China Maritime Reports, number 12, China Maritime Studies Institute [中国海事研究所], →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-01-05, page 29:

On 18 April 2020, Chinese media reported on the State Council’s decision to set up two administrative units on islands in the South China Sea.⁷ This „major administrative move” meant that the Xisha district would be used for controlling Paracel Islands and surrounding waters and the Nansha district for governing the Spratly Islands and surrounding waters in the heart of the area contested by six regional countries.

2022, Dragana Mitrovic [Драгана Д. Митровић], “Pandemic's effects on China's foreign policy and its global power role”, in Srpska politička misao [Српска политичка мисао], volume 29, number 75, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-05-14, pages 150-151:

Српска политичка мисао

A district of Sansha, Hainan, China, which includes Zhongsha (claimed areas encompass areas administered or claimed by China (PRC), the Philippines, Taiwan (ROC), and Vietnam).


Nansha

en-proper noun

Nansha (usually uncountable, plural Nanshas)

From the Mandarin Chinese 南沙 (Nánshā) Wade–Giles romanization: Nan²-sha¹, reinforced by Hanyu Pinyin.

On April 28, 2005, the State Council approved a new scheme of district administration in Guangzhou.[...]The southern part of Panyu was upgraded into an independent urban district, Nansha district.

2010, Martin King Whyte, editor, One Country, Two Societies: Rural-Urban Inequality in Contemporary China, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 408:

Nansha District is the former Guangzhou Nansha Economic and Technological Development Zone that was established in 1993³ and was separated from Panyu District in 2005, representing the spatial and strategic importance of the region in Guangzhou's future development.

2017, Development and Planning in Seven Major Coastal Cities in Southern and Eastern China, Springer, →ISBN, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 39:

The world’s most indebted property developer on Jan. 26 transferred its control over a theme park called Evergrande Fairyland in the Nansha district of Guangzhou to Minmetals International Trust Co, according to the records.

2022 February 25, Clare Jim, “Two more Evergrande property assets taken over by state-owned firms”, in Christian Schmollinger, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-07, 公司新闻(英文):

A district of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.

The Nansha District (南沙区) People’s Government is based on Fiery Cross Reef and has jurisdiction over the Spratly Islands.²¹⁴ Each district assumably has a district party committee as well.²¹⁵ Though publicly available information on these new districts is scarce, the establishment of Xisha District and Nansha District will likely improve Sansha’s administrative capacity and expand localized policymaking.²¹⁶

Српска политичка мисао

A district of Sansha, Hainan, China (claimed areas encompass areas administered or claimed by Brunei, China (PRC), Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan (ROC), and Vietnam).


Huangpu

The atonal pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 黃埔 /黄埔 (Huángpǔ).

Whangpoo (alternative dated)
Whampoa (alternative)

An explosion hit an oil refinery in Guangzhou, in the Guangdong province in South China early on Thursday, triggering a fire, the Hong Kong Free Press reported.
According to the report, the blast occurred in an industrial zone in Huangpu district and no casualties have been reported.

2015 December 23, Apeksha Nair, “Explosion hits Guangzhou oil refinery - media”, in Sandra Maler, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-03-11, World News:


Shanyang

Translingual: Shanyangosaurus

From the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 山陽／山阳 (Shānyáng).


Nanhui

-- China’s State Council has approved the merger of the Shanghai Pudong New District with the neighbouring Nanhui district, the Shanghai municipal government said.[...]
-- The Pudong district of Shanghai, the country’s financial and commercial hub, is about to more than double in size as it will merge with neighbouring Nanhui district.

2009 May 6, “UPDATE 1-PRESS DIGEST - China - May 7”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-07, Banks:

The city’s anti-corruption watchdog announced that Wu Zhongquan, former director of the Construction and Transportation Commission in Shanghai’s Minhang district, and Tang Guiming, former party secretary of Xuanqiao county in the now defunct Nanhui district were being investigated for “serious disciplinary violations”, a phrase routinely used as a euphemism for corruption.
Also being investigated were Zhu Jinhua, former deputy director of the urban planning and land management department in Nanhui, and Zhang Wenjun, former bureau chief of Nanhui’s housing and land administration bureau.

2014 September 24, “Shanghai graft probe ensnares 11 officials”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-10-13, China:

(historical) A district of Shanghai, China.


Dabancheng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 達坂城 /达坂城 (Dábǎnchéng).

On arrival of the news at Urumtsi, a panic occurred amongst the officials and Chinese population, and So and Yang seized the opportunity to incite the Mahomedan population in the country round to attack the town of Ta-pan Ch’êng, not far distant from Urumtsi.

[1882 [1881 April 21], Translation of the Peking Gazette for 1881, Shanghai, →OCLC, page 49:

Work on the Tien Shan tunnel project at Tapancheng will also be advanced in the beginning of May.

[1958, Survey of China Mainland Press, numbers 1762-1781, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 29:

Beyond a large salt lake is the town of Dabancheng, where buses sometimes stop at the lively Peasant-Farmers Market. The ladies of old Dabancheng were made famous by an Uygur folksong praising their beautiful long plaits. Beyond the town are the ruins of a fort built in 1870 by Yakub Beg of Kashgar and destroyed soon after by the Qing- dynasty army that was sent to put down the rebellion.
From Dabancheng the road begins its descent into the Turpan Depression, leaving the railway and weaving through the rocky White Poplar Gully.

1993, Judy Bonavia, The Silk Road From Xi'an to Kashgar, Passport Books, NTC Publishing Group, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 212:

At Dabancheng, in Xinjiang province in the northwest, China is building a wind farm that could one day be the largest in the world. Chinese wind engineers are calling it the “Three Gorges of the sky” after the dam.

2010, Neil Morris, The Energy Mix, Mankato, MN: Smart Apple Media, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 29:

In 2009, the Urumqi Economic and Technological Development Zone signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement with Dabancheng District to jointly build the “China Wind Valley”, and started building the largest experimental wind farm and a demonstration wind farm of 50,000 kilowatts; In December, the maximum power wind generating set of 3 MW was successfully set and debugged to operate at the Dabancheng experimental wind farm.

2014, 李欣凭 [Li Xinping], 活力新疆 [Modern Xinjiang], Beijing: China Intercontinental Press (五洲传播出版社), →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 115–116:

Some prison-style facilities like the one outside Kashgar are new. Other existing sites have been expanded with higher-security areas. New buildings added to Xinjiang's largest camp, in Dabancheng, near Urumqi, last year stretched to almost a mile in length, Ruser said.

2020 September 23, Anna Fifield, “China is building vast new detention centers for Muslims in Xinjiang”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-09-24, Asia & Pacific:

A detention facility in Dabancheng, Xinjiang, last year. Former detainees have described physical abuse, mistreatment and hours of indoctrination in official Communist Party ideology.

2022 August 25, Nick Cumming-Bruce, Austin Ramzy, “U.N. Report on Rights Abuses in Xinjiang May Be Delayed Again”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-08-25, Asia Pacific:

A district of Ürümqi, Xinjiang autonomous region, China.


Lüshunkou

zh-l

旅順口／旅顺口 (Lǚshùnkǒu)

Lü-shun-k'ou (alternative)
Lushunkou (alternative)
Lvshunkou (alternative)
Lyushunkou (alternative)

After the Russo-Japanese War of 1905, the Japanese imperialists forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of the Sino-Japanese Meeting on the Affairs of the Three Northeastern Provinces and a supplementary treaty, thus replacing tasarist^([sic – meaning tsarist]) Russia as the colonial power in northeast China. Japan then began to station troops in southern Manchuria and established its Kwantung Army headquarters in Lüshunkou.

1999 [1995], Chen Yun, Selected Works of Chen Yun, volume III, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 399:

After the Russo-Japanese War of 1905, Japan occupied China's territory Lüshunkou and Dalian.[...]
The Lüshunkou (Port Arthur) Massacre
On November 21, 1894, the Japanese army seized Lüshunkou.

2005 July 28, Jin Xide, translated by Yuan Fang and Wind Gu, Japanese Wartime Aggressors 'Savage and Cruel' – Why and How, China Internet Information Center, archived from the original on 2016-08-24:

In the Treaty of Shimonoseki (April 17, 1895), China abandoned its claims to Korea, as well as ceding Taiwan and Lüshunkou (Port Arthur) to Japan.

2006, Alan Armstrong, Preemptive Strike: the secret plan that would have prevented the attack on Pearl Harbor, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 70:

As Davies and Koo had discussed on the Queen Elizabeth, for the Russians, war against Japan offered an opportunity to regain some of the lands lost by the czar in the 1904-1905 Russo- Japanese War, including the southern half of Sakhalin Island, the Kurile Islands, and the ports of Dairen and Port Arthur (today called Lüshunkou)—exactly those territories the Japanese held out as a lure to Soviet cooperation.

2015, Michael S. Neiberg, Potsdam: The End of World War II and the Remaking of Europe, Basic Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 235:


Daxi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 大溪 (Dàxī).

Tahsi (alternative)
Ta-hsi (alternative)
Dasi (alternative)

At Cihu, near the town of Daxi, 30 miles (50 km) southwest of Taipei on Provincial Highway 7, Chiang Kai-shek lies entombed above ground in a granite and marble coffin in one of his former country villas. The gravesite is "temporary," as before his death Chiang had requested his body be returned to his native province of Zhejiang in mainland China.

2011, Phil Macdonald, Taiwan, 3rd edition, National Geographic Society, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 122:

Now, busloads of Chinese tourists come every week to visit Chiang’s tomb, nestled between two red and blue Taiwanese flags in the small town of Daxi, an hour’s drive south of Taipei.

2012 August 30, Sarah Mishkin, “Chinese tourists boost Taiwan’s economy”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-08-31, Asia: