Montreal

/ˌmɔ̃ɹeɪˈæl/

From French Montréal; from Mont Royal (“Mount Royal”) (mont + royal), after the nearby hill by Jacques Cartier. It is uncertain how Royal became -real. A common explanation is that real is the Middle French form of Royal, but Cartier himself recorded le mont Royal when he named it. It may have perhaps been from the Italian G.B. Rasmusio's 1556 map translating the name to Italian Monte Real.

A place in Quebec, Canada, at the confluence of the Ottawa and Saint-Lawrence Rivers

A district of Quebec, Canada, containing the county.

(judicial) A judicial district in Quebec, Canada.

(historical) A former administrative district of Quebec, Canada.

British North America
British North America#English

(historical) A district of Quebec, British North America.


Hyderabad

/ˈhaɪdəɹəbɑːd/

Ali Ibn Abi Talib
Hyderabad, India
Hyderabad, Sindh

Borrowed from Hindi हैदराबाद (haidarābād) / Urdu حیدرآباد (haidarābād), from हैदर (haidar) / حیدر (haidar, “lion”) + -आबाद (-ābād) / آباد (ābād, “-ābād”, placename suffix). Named in honour of the Caliph Ali Ibn Abi Talib, nicknamed "Haidar" for his lion-like valour in battles.


Patna

From Hindi पटना (paṭnā), also known as पाटलिपुत्र (pāṭliputra) at one time.

A district of Bihar, India, containing the city of the same name.


Gandhinagar

Unadapted borrowing from Gujarati ગાંધીનગર (gā̃dhīnagar), Hindi गाँधीनगर (gāndhīnagar); named in honor of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi.


Shimla

Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh#English

A city and district, the state capital of Himachal Pradesh, India.


Srinagar

/ˈʃɹi.nəˌɡɑɹ/

Transliteration of Hindi श्रीनगर (śrīnagar), from Sanskrit श्री (śrī) + नगर (nagara, “town, city”). Compare Urdu سِرِی نَگَر (sirī nagar).

transliteration

Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir#English

A city and district, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is situated in the Kashmir valley on the banks of the river Jhelum and famous for its gardens.


Thiruvananthapuram

/tɪˌɹuːvəˌnʌntəˈpuːɹəm/

Borrowed from Malayalam തിരുവനന്തപുരം (tiruvanantapuraṁ).

bor+

തിരുവനന്തപുരം

A city and district, the state capital of Kerala, India, formerly known as Trivandrum.


Bhopal

A district of Madhya Pradesh, India, containing the city of the same name.


Jaipur

/ˈd͡ʒaɪpʊəɹ/

/ˈd͡ʒeɪpʊəɹ/

A district of Rajasthan, India, containing the city of the same name.


Chennai

Chennai (a district of Tamil Nadu, India, containing most of metro Chennai).


Lucknow

‘Lucknow is not a village. It is a city with a thousand years of civilization. It was the capital of the Awadh kingdom.ʼ

2023, Santanu Bhattacharya, One Small Voice, Fig Tree, page 11:

A city, district, and division, the state capital of Uttar Pradesh, India.


Bali

From Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 八里 (Bālǐ).

Forty minutes later, we found ourselves seated on boulders on the side of Kuan Yin Shan with a lovely view of the river and the town of Tamsui to the east and the farms and field of Pali to the north.

[1981 October 25, Robert Benjamin Kritzer, “This young American finds basic Chinese values still intact in old & new Taiwan”, in Free China Weekly, volume XXII, number 42, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2:

He roused Max from his Taipei hotel suite to tell him the change in plans and to meet the Oregon at the Bali District piers the following day.

2013, Clive Cussler, Mirage (The Oregon Files) (Fiction), New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 350:

New Taipei City’s Bali District (八里, across the river from Tamsui) isn’t a place that immediately springs to mind for tourist attractions.

2017 December 15, Richard Saunders, “Off the Beaten Track: Best of Bali”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-12-18, Features, page 13:


Florida

New York City, Philadelphia, traditional Eastern New England (except for Boston), Ireland

From Spanish florida (“flowery”), often referring to a place's abundance of flowers. The state's name specifically is a shortening of la Florida (“the flowery one”) or Pascua Florida (“flowery Easter”). It is the oldest surviving European-given place-name in the US. The village in Orange County, New York was named in the 1760s from Latin flōrida (“flowery”).

Alabama · Alaska · Arizona · Arkansas · California · Colorado · Connecticut · Delaware · Florida · Georgia · Hawaii · Idaho · Illinois · Indiana · Iowa · Kansas · Kentucky · Louisiana · Maine · Maryland · Massachusetts · Michigan · Minnesota · Mississippi · Missouri · Montana · Nebraska · Nevada · New Hampshire · New Jersey · New Mexico · New York · North Carolina · North Dakota · Ohio · Oklahoma · Oregon · Pennsylvania · Rhode Island · South Carolina · South Dakota · Tennessee · Texas · Utah · Vermont · Virginia · Washington · West Virginia · Wisconsin · Wyoming

American Samoa · Guam · Northern Mariana Islands · Puerto Rico · United States minor outlying islands · United States Virgin Islands

Several places in South and Central America:

A district of the Amazonas region, Peru.


Liverpool

From Old English Liferpōl, from lifer (“thick water”, literally “liver”) + pōl (“pool”). Compare Old English lifrig (“thick, clotted”, literally “livery”).

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

A city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England; an important seaport in the United Kingdom, and once one of the biggest in the world.


Nicosia

/ˌnɪkəˈsiːə/

From Medieval Latin and Old French Nicosia, from Byzantine Greek Λευκωσία (Leukōsía), variant of Λευκουσία (Leukousía), equivalent to λευκός (leukós, “white”) or λεύκη (leúkē, “poplar”) + οὐσία (ousía, “property, estate”), but deriving from various Ancient Greek forms including Λευτεῶν (Leuteôn), Λευκοθέον (Leukothéon), and Λευκούπολις (Leukoúpolis) adapting an early or pre-Greek name variously recorded as Λέδραι (Lédrai), Λῆδρον (Lêdron), Λεδρῶν (Ledrôn), Λήδρα (Lḗdra), etc. Doublet of Lefkosia.

A district of Cyprus and Northern Cyprus around the city.


Oxford

From Middle English Oxenford, Oxneford, from Old English Oxnaford (“Oxford”, literally “oxen's ford”), equivalent to ox + ford. Compare Old Norse Öxnafurða.

inh

A city and local government district in Oxfordshire, England, famous for its university.


Philadelphia

[fɪɫəˈdɜɫfi.ə]

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Philadelphia.wav

Attalus II Philadelphus
Kingdom of Pergamon
Philadelphia (disambiguation)
Ptolemaid Egypt
Ptolemy II Philadelphus
William Penn

From Latin Philadelphia, from Ancient Greek Φιλαδέλφεια (Philadélpheia), from φιλάδελφος (philádelphos, “brother/sibling-loving”) + -εια (-eia, “-ia: forming placenames”), from the combining form of φῐλέειν (phĭléein, “to love”) + ἀδελφός (adelphós, “brother, sibling”). In reference to the city in Turkey, named for the loyal Attalus II Philadelphus of Pergamon. In reference to the city in Jordan, named for the incestuous Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt. In reference to the American city, named for the ancient towns as well as the Quaker William Penn's aim of fostering religious tolerance. Doublet of Filadelfia.

der

(historical) Former name of Alaşehir: a city, municipality, and district of Manisa Province, Turkey.


Tel Aviv

From Hebrew תֵּל אָבִיב (tel 'avív), from the title of Nahum Sokolow's translation of Theodor Herzl's Altneuland (“The Old New Land”). From תֵּל (tél, “hill formed by ancient ruins”), symbolizing the Old, and אָבִיב ('avív, “Spring”), symbolizing the New.


Trinidad

Borrowed from Spanish trinidad (“trinity”), named after the Holy Trinity by Columbus to fulfill a religious vow.

bor+

A district in Itapúa department, Paraguay.


Coventry

Inherited from Middle English Coventre, from Old English Cofentrēo, Cofantrēo, of obscure origin. Believed to be derived from an Anglo-Saxon named Cofa, hence Cofantrēo (literally “Cofa's tree”).

unc

obscure

A cathedral city and metropolitan borough of the West Midlands, in central England, historically in Warwickshire.


Barking and Dagenham

A London borough of Greater London, England.


Brent

en-proper noun

Brent (countable and uncountable, plural Brents)

English surname from placenames in Devon and Somerset, from Old English brant (“steep”), referring to hills. Compare Brents.

A London borough of Greater London, England, United Kingdom, created in 1965 from the merger of the boroughs of Wembley and Willesden.


Bromley

Bromley (countable and uncountable, plural Bromleys)

From Old English brōm (“broom”) + lēah (“wood”). Equivalent to broom + -ley and doublet of Brimley; compare Broom.

Bromley (disambiguation)
London Borough of Bromley

A number of places in England:
A London borough of Greater London.


Friesland

From Middle English Frīsland, from Old English Frīsland (“Frisia”).


South Holland

South Holland
South Holland, Illinois
South Holland, Lincolnshire

A local government district in Lincolnshire, England.


Cambridge

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-Cambridge.wav

From Middle English Cantebrigge, Grentebrige, from Old English Grante bryċġ, Granta-briċġ, Grantanbryċġ (“Granta-bridge”). Granta is probably of Celtic origin, identified as Brythonic settlement, Cair Grauth. Doublet of Cam.
By Middle English when the name of the settlement had changed to "Cantebrigge" and eventually "Cambridge", the lower stretches of the River Granta were renamed Cam by back-formation from Cambridge.

A city and local government district with borough status of Cambridgeshire, England, famous for its university.


Nottingham

Inherited from Old English Snotingahām. The Normans found the consonant cluster /sn/ difficult to pronounce, so the initial S was dropped.

A city, unitary authority, and borough of Nottinghamshire, England.


Newcastle

[ˈnjʉˌkʰɑːsɫ̩]

From new + castle. Doublet of Neuchâtel.

A large city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in northeastern England.


Lewes

Lewes (countable and uncountable, plural Leweses)

From Middle English Lewes, from late Old English Lewes, a variant of earlier Lǣwe, of uncertain origin. Traditionally derived from Old English hlǣw (“hill”), referring to the several mounts in Lewes. Alternatively, perhaps derived from Old English lǣw (“cut, incision, gash”), referring to the narrow, steep-sided 'gash' where the River Ouse cuts through the line of the South Downs.

unc

uncertain

A local government district in East Sussex, England. Seat: Lewes, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in the town.


Bristol

→⇒ Latin: bristoliensis

Inherited from Middle English Brigstow, from Old English Bryċġstōw (literally “the place by the bridge”), from bryċġ + -stōw, with additional final /l/ due to hypercorrection from l-vocalizing accents. See bridge and stow for more.
The tiddlywinks sense is associated with players from Bristol University.

inh

Bristole (alternative obsolete)
Brigstow (alternative obsolete)
Bristou (alternative obsolete)
Bristow (alternative obsolete)
Brizzle (alternative informal)

A city, ceremonial county, and unitary authority in southwest England bordering Gloucestershire, Somerset and The River Severn.


Erzincan

A district of Erzincan Province, Turkey.


Krishna

en-prop

Krishna (countable and uncountable, plural Krishnas)

Krishnas (plural)
Kṛṣṇa (alternative transliteration)


Cumberland

Cumberland
Cumberland (disambiguation)
Cumberland, Maryland

A unitary authority in Cumbria, England, created on 1 April 2023, replacing Allerdale borough and Copeland borough, and the city of Carlisle district, with basically the same area as the old county of Cumberland.


Dorset

From the county town of Dorchester. The Old English name was Dornwaraceaster, composed of the British Latin name Durnovaria and the common suffix -ceaster; the word was eventually reduced to Dornsǣte, Dorsǣte, a reduction of the original name + the suffix -sǣte (“people, dwellers”), whence Middle English Dorsete.

Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole
Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole

A unitary authority of England, which includes all of the traditional county except Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole, a separate unitary authority.


Herefordshire

From Middle English Herefordschire, from late Old English Herefordsċīr; equivalent to Hereford + -shire.

A ceremonial county and unitary authority in the West Midlands of England, bordered by Shropshire, Worcestershire, Gloucestershire, Monmouthshire, Radnorshire and Brecknockshire.


Huntingdonshire

A local government district in Cambridgeshire formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Huntingdon.


Northumberland

From Middle English Northumberlond, Northhumberlond, from Old English Norþhymbra land (“land of the Northumbrians”).

A unitary authority of the county of Northumberland, England, which includes all of the traditional county except the area around Newcastle upon Tyne.


Wiltshire

From Middle English Wilteschire, from Old English Wiltūnsċīr (Wiltescire 1086 Domesday Book), named after the town of Wilton in the county (Old English Wiltūn).

A unitary authority of the county of Wiltshire, England which includes all of the traditional county except Swindon, a separate unitary authority.


Isle of Wight

From Old English Wiht, Wihte iegland, from Proto-Celtic *Wextā, compare Welsh Ynys Wyth and Latin Vectis (c.150).

Isle of Wight
Isle of Wight (disambiguation)

An island, county, and unitary authority off the south coast of England, in the English Channel opposite Southampton.

懷特島 /怀特岛

island and county off the south coast of England


North Yorkshire

A unitary authority of the county of North Yorkshire, England.


East Riding of Yorkshire

A unitary authority and ceremonial county in the north east of England.


Camden

From Old English campas (“enclosure”) + denu (“valley”).

Named for Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden, who in 1791 started selling lots from his manor.

A London borough of Greater London, England; named for the town within it.


Croydon

From Old English Crogedene ("saffron valley"), from Old English croh (“saffron”) (< Latin crocus (“saffron”)) + Old English denu (“valley”).

A large town in the south of Greater London, England, historically in the county of Surrey.


North Somerset

A unitary authority in Somerset, England, previously named Woodspring as part of the short-lived county of Avon.


Stevenage

A new town and borough in north Hertfordshire, England, part of London’s commuter belt (OS grid ref TL2324).


Birmingham

/ˈbɜː.mɪŋˌhæm/

Beorma
Birmingham
Birmingham (disambiguation)

From Middle English, 1086, from Old English *Beormingahām, from Beornmund + ing + hām, "home of Beorma;" first element of uncertain origin but possibly from beorma (“yeast”). More at Beorma.

A major city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England, historically in Warwickshire with a population of over one million.

பர்மிங்காம் (parmiṅkām, literally “barmiṅgām”)

Birminghamian

native or resident of Birmingham, Alabama


Southwark

A London borough of Greater London, extending as far as Crystal Palace south of the River Thames, including the historic borough plus the Pool of London and Bankside.


Manchester

→ Finnish: Manse

From Old English Mameċeaster. The first element may be from a word related to Breton mamm (“mother; female animal; womb”), in reference to a breast-shaped hill.
The second part is known to be from Old English ceaster, from Latin castra (“camp”).

der

Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester#English

A major city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in northwestern England.


Greenwich

/ˈɡɹinwɪt͡ʃ/

From Middle English Greenwich, from Old English Grēnawīċ, Grēnewīċ (literally “green harbour, green settlement”). Equivalent to green + -wich.
The civil parish in New Brunswick may have been named after Greenwich near London, after Greenwich Village, or after Greenwich Street in Hampstead, New York.

A royal borough in Greater London, which includes the town.


Hackney

The senses "a horse" and "(a means of transport) available for hire" derive from the fact that many horses were kept for hire in the London borough of Hackney.
The place name is from Old English Hacan ieg "Hacan's Isle" (or "Hook's Island"), referring to dry land in a marsh.

A London borough in Greater London, England, where once upon a time many horses were pastured.


Boston

→ Abenaki: Pastonki, pastoni

→ Klamath-Modoc: basdin

→ Lushootseed: pastəd

→ Mohawk: Wáhston

The US city is named after the English town (from which several prominent colonists had come), which itself is sometimes said to be named as a contraction of Botolph's town or Botolph's stone (the name Botolph itself coming from Old English Botwulf, from boda + wulf). However, this is uncertain.

A town and borough in Lincolnshire, England (OS grid ref TF3244).


Durham

From Old English Dunholm, meaning "hill islet". In order to get from Dunholm to Durham, two major processes had to take place. Firstly, the n at the coda of the first syllable, dun, underwent dissimilation. Specifically, by influence of the m in the coda of the following syllable (holm), said n denasalised and lenited to the oral r, thus dur. Secondly, after a weakening of the vowel quality in the more weakly-stressed syllable holm, this ending was misanalysed as the similar-sounding toponymic suffix, -ham, meaning home or farm.
Doublet of Duresm and Dunelm.

Durham County Council
w:Durham County Council

A unitary authority of County Durham, which replaced the county council in 2009 in all of County Durham except Darlington, Hartlepool and Stockton-on-Tees; in full, Durham County Council.


Darlington

/ˈdɑːlɪŋtən/

-ɑː(ɹ)lɪŋtən

From Middle English Dearnington, Derlinton, from Old English Dēornōþingtūn, supposedly “the settlement of Dēornōþ's people”, from an unclear root + -ing + tūn. Compare Old English dīerling. The transistor configuration is named for its inventor, Sidney Darlington.

A unitary authority and borough of County Durham,, the Borough of Darlington, which includes the town.


Hastings

The placename in England is derived from the Old English tribal name Hæstingas (“Hæsta's people, the family/followers of Hæsta”), which was later transferred to their settlement.
The family name has two possible sources:
* from the place name
* a patronymic surname derived from the Anglo-Norman personal name Hasten(c), Hastang
The later place names in other countries are named either after people with that family name, or after the town of Hastings in England.

A town and borough in East Sussex, England.


Westminster

From the abbey of Westminster; from Middle English Westmestre; equivalent to west + minster.

City of Westminster
Westminster (disambiguation)

The City of Westminster: a London borough of Greater London including the principal offices of the British government.


Sunderland

From sunder + -land (see Wikipedia article for further etymological information).

A city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear.


Peterborough

From Peter + borough, referring to Saint Peter the Apostle. Doublet of Petersburg.

A cathedral city, unitary authority, and borough of Cambridgeshire, England.


Barnet

en-proper noun

Barnet (countable and uncountable, plural Barnets)

Barnets (plural)
Barnett (alternative surname)

From Old English bærnet (“place cleared by burning”).

der

A London borough of Greater London, England, United Kingdom.


Batman

The province is named after its capital city, and the city is named after a nearby river, Batman River. See Ottoman Turkish باطمان for more information.


Daan

Taan (alternative)
Ta-an (alternative)
Da'an (alternative)
Da-an (alternative)

"We've had a hit in the Daan District," the CID dispatcher said over the phone. "One hundred percent match over a cell phone."

2005, Jeff Rovin, “Taipei, Taiwan”, in War of Eagles (Tom Clancy's Op-Center) (Fiction), New York: Berkley Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 100:

Heavily residential Daan District is the most crowded, with 27,600 people per square kilometer.

2015, Sarah Clark, editor, Taipei (Insight Guides), 3rd edition (Travel), Apa Publications, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 22:

Over the past four years, Taipei has spent NT$50 million (about US$1.6 million) on the project, which has established sustainable firefly populations in the Wenshan, Daan and Chungshan districts of the city.

2017 October 24, “How fireflies were brought back from the brink in urban Taipei”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2017-10-24, Society:

“In Taiwan, the older generation still buys at auction, whereas the younger generation is more open to exploring galleries; they are diligent in going to biennales and art fairs, they have lived abroad, and they are very much tastemakers for contemporary art,” says Shasha Tittmann, the Taiwanese-born director of Lehmann Maupin gallery in Hong Kong. The gallery is set to open a pop-up ground-floor space in Taipei’s Daan district from June to August this year, showing work by McArthur Binion, Robin Rhode, David Salle, Tom Friedman and Angel Otero among others.

2021 May 14, Georgina Adam, “Taiwan and the balance of power”, in Financial Times, archived from the original on 2021-05-15:

Moving back to Taiwan after spending nine years in Canada is a big change. To make it a little bit smoother, the inhabitants of this house—a couple with two children—wanted to feel and be connected to the natural environment. Located in the residential Daan District in Taipei, Taiwan, the home is very quiet, yet conveniently close to the bustling Dongmen Market. The couple—comprising a jewellery brand owner and a yoga instructor—immediately fell in love with the place.

2021 October 18, KARINE MONIÉ, “House tour: a serene Taiwan home with the perfect mix of modern elements and rustic touches”, in Vogue Australia, archived from the original on 2021-10-21:

Critics accused Lin of putting her personal interests first, of leaving Taipei City without a second vice mayor for at least one month and one week, and the city’s Daan District without a legislator for one year.

2022 December 23, Matthew Strong, “KMT lawmaker accused of avoiding by-election”, in Taiwan News, archived from the original on 2023-03-31:


Hart

* As an English and north/Low German surname, from the noun hart (“stag”).
* As a German surname, variant of Hardt.
* As a Jewish/Yiddish and Dutch surname, from derivatives of *hertā (“heart”), *hard(ī) (“hard”), or *herut (“stag”), or converged senses of them. These senses are also translated from other languages such as French Francoeur, Jolicoeur, Vadeboncoeur, and Native American (Cheyenne) Homa'ehesta, from homa'e (“beaver”) + hesta (“heart”).
* As an Irish surname, from Ó hairt (“descendant of Art”), from the noun art (“bear”). Compare Hartin.

A local government district in northeastern Hampshire, England.


Leer

From German Leer, from Old Frisian Hleri.

A town and rural district of Lower Saxony, Germany.


Lincoln

en-proper noun

Lincoln (countable and uncountable, plural Lincolns)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Lincoln.wav

Inherited from Middle English Lincolne, from Old English Lincolle, Lindcolen, Lindcylene, from Latin Lindum Colōnia (“the Roman settlement Lindum Colonia”), from Proto-Brythonic *llɨnn (“pool”), from Proto-Celtic *lindos (“lake, liquid”), in reference to the Brayford. In the United States, many of the places established since 1865 are named after Abraham Lincoln.

der

After crossing the flatlands Lincoln, with its magnificent hilltop cathedral, comes into view before we pull into the station, with its lovely Tudor revival-style buildings.

2024 October 30, Paul Bigland, “The heat is on... and will the railway fray?”, in RAIL, number 1021, page 48:

A city and local government district in Lincolnshire, England (OS grid ref SK9771).


Martin

en-proper noun

Martin (countable and uncountable, plural Martins)

From Middle English Martin, from Latin Mārtīnus (“of or like Mars” or “little Mars”), Mārs, Mārtis + -īnus (diminutive suffix). See Mārs for further etymology.

af

A city and district in Žilina Region, Slovakia.


Reading

From Old English Rēadingas, the name of a tribe or clan of early Anglo-Saxon England whose capital was at Reading. Not related to reading.

A unitary authority and borough (Reading Borough Council) in Berkshire.


Rugby

From earlier Rokeby (rook + -by), from Middle English Rokebi, an alteration (using the Middle English bi (“village, town”), from Old Norse býr (“town, settlement”)) of Old English Rocheberie, possibly from earlier Old English *Hrōceburh (literally “rook-fort, Rookbury”).

der

A local government district with borough status of Warwickshire, with its headquarters in the town.


Samba

A town and district of Jammu and Kashmir, India.


Slough

From Middle English Slo, perhaps related to the noun slough (“marsh”) (referring to the land) or to sloe (referring to bushes).

A unitary authority and borough of Berkshire, the Slough Borough Council.


York

Etymology tree
Proto-Celtic *eburos
Proto-Brythonic *eβur
Proto-Celtic *-ākos
Proto-Brythonic *-ọg
Proto-Brythonic *Eβrọgbor.
Latin Eborācumder.
Old English Eoforwīċder.
Old Norse Jórvíkbor.
Middle English Ȝork
English York
From Middle English York, Ȝork, from Old Norse Jórk, Jórvík, from Old English Eoforwīċ, from Latin Eborācum, ultimately from Proto-Brythonic *Eβrọg (“yew”) (compare Welsh Efrog, from Old Welsh Caer Ebrauc, from Proto-Brythonic *Eβrọg), from *eburos (“yew”) + *-ākom (positive suffix). Displaced Middle English Everwik, from the Old English.

suffix

A city, unitary authority, and borough of North Yorkshire, England.


PD

This qualitative approach was used in re-vitalising Port Dickson (PD) as a leading beach tourism destination for Malaysia. PD was a top beach resort tourism destination in her glory days of 1990s.

2016, Salleh Mohd Radzi, Mohd Hafiz Mohd Hanafiah, Norzuwana Sumarjan, Heritage, Culture and Society, →ISBN:

""Isa has widespread grassroot support in his native Negeri Sembilan, among all the candidates, he is a local PD boy. The others all came out of nowhere,"

2018 October 1, Eileen Ng, quoting Oh Ei Sun, “Who can dent Anwar Ibrahim’s armour in the Port Dickson by-election?”, in Today, →OCLC:

Ms Lau said she hoped "PD will be transformed as promised in so many ways", using the common moniker for the seaside town. "It is good […] to develop PD. That is what everyone in PD wants,"

2018 October 13, Hazlin Hassan, “Anwar Ibrahim storms to victory in Port Dickson by-election, wins 72% of vote”, in The Straits Times, →OCLC:

(Malaysia) Initialism of Port Dickson: a town and district of Malaysia.


Hassan

A district and city in Karnataka, India.


Dover

From Old English Dofras, from Latin Dubris, from Brythonic Dubras (“the waters”), from Proto-Celtic *dubros (“water”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰubrós (“dark”), from *dʰewb- (“deep”). Compare Tauber.
The village in Nova Scotia is likely named after the town in England.

A local government district of Kent, including this town and port.


Hof

A rural district of the Upper Franconia region, Bavaria, Germany, surrounding but not including the town of Hof, which nevertheless serves as its administrative seat.


Derby

From Old English Dēorby, of Scandinavian/North Germanic origin, from Old Norse Djúra-bý (“village of the deer”), from dýr (“deer”) + bǿr (“settlement”). Influenced by British Latin Derventio, the Roman site predating Derby, and possibly also the Celtic river name Derwent.

der

A city and unitary authority of Derbyshire, in the East Midlands, England; formerly the county town.


Preston

en-prop

Preston (countable and uncountable, plural Prestons)

From Old English prēost (“priest”) + tūn (“settlement”). Doublet of Prestatyn.

A local government district with borough status of Lancashire, the City of Preston.

An industrial city in Lancashire, England.


Winchester

From Middle English Wynchester, Winchestre, from Old English Wintanċeaster, from Latin Venta Belgārum (literally “Venta of the Belgae”), perhaps ultimately from Proto-Celtic *wentā (“town, place”), Proto-Indo-European *h₁wen- (“place (?)”) + Old English ċeaster, from Latin castra (“camp”).
The bottle is named for the former customary units of the English city. The rifle is named named after American businessman Oliver Winchester (1810–1880). The computer disk is named for the rifle.

named-after

A city in and the county town of Hampshire, England.

The City of Winchester, a local government district with borough status in Hampshire.


Coorg

The former name of Kodagu, a district of Karnataka, India.


Hartlepool

The Borough of Hartlepool, a unitary authority and borough in County Durham with its headquarters in the town.


Blackpool

A town, seaside resort, borough and unitary authority in Lancashire, England (OS grid ref SD3136).


Bradford

* Various place names in England, from Old English brād (“broad”) + ford (“ford”).
* (shaken martini)

A city and metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire.


Gloucester

Domesday Book
Gloucester
Gloucester (disambiguation)

Inherited from Middle English Glowchestre, from Old English Glēawċeaster, Glēaweċeaster, Glēawan ċeaster, from Latin Glēvum + Old English ċeaster. Recorded in the Domesday Book as Glowecestre.

inh+

Glocester (alternative obsolete)
Gloster (alternative obsolete)
Glos'ter (alternative obsolete)

A cathedral city and local government district of Gloucestershire, England, on the river Severn, near the border with Wales.


Portsmouth

Portuguese: Portsmouth

From Middle English Portesmuða, from Old English Portesmuða.

When ready for sea we went up to Greenhithe, that their lordships might inspect us, and then to Portsmouth, to take troops to Cork, a pleasant trip; […]

1892, Sir George Giffard, Reminiscences of a Naval Officer, page 45:

A city, unitary authority, and borough of Hampshire, in southern England.


Exeter

From Old English Ex (“the river Exe”) + ċeaster (“town”), 'the Roman city of Isca'.

A city and local government district, the county town of Devon, in south-west England.


Southampton

From Old English Sūþhāmtūn. The Domesday Book (1086) records the town as Hantone and Hantune.

Standing in the dock at Southampton
Trying to get to Holland or France

1969, The Beatles, The Ballad of John and Yoko:

And it's not just freight that arrives here. I notice several massive passenger liners, looking more like floating blocks of flats rather than the elegant ships from the days when 'POSH' was coined. The arrival of just one of these behemoths can swamp Southampton station with passengers and luggage, but not today.

2024 November 13, Paul Bigland, “Much to admire... but pockets of neglect”, in RAIL, number 1022, page 50:


Chichester

/ˈt͡ʃɪt͡ʃɪstə/

Chichester
Chichester (disambiguation)
Cissa of Sussex

Reputedly from Old English personal name Cissa + ceaster (“fort, manor, town”). Otherwise the first element could come from Old English *ċisse (“a gravelly place”).

A local government district in western West Sussex, with its headquarters in the city.


St Helens

A town and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, in northwestern England.


Bolton

From Middle English Bodeltone (in the Domesday Book) etc., ultimately from Old English bolt, bold, botl, etc. (“home, hall, manor”) + -tun (“-ton: enclosure, town”).

But Bolton deserve real credit, seeking to take advantage of their jitters at every opportunity in typically determined fashion.

2010 December 29, Chris Whyatt, “Chelsea 1 - 0 Bolton”, in BBC:

A town and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England.


Lancaster

From Middle English Lancaster, Loncastre, the name of the Roman fort on the River Lune, from Lune + the Old English suffix ceaster (“town”), found in many placenames.

The City of Lancaster, a city and local government district with borough status (and city status) in Lancashire in North West England. Its main settlement is Lancaster, from which it obtained its city status. (OS grid ref SD4761).


Dhaka

Dacca (alternative archaic)
Dakka (alternative dated)
Decca (alternative archaic)

A district of Bangladesh, where the capital is located in.


Santiago

/sæntiˈɑːɡəʊ/

Chinese Filipino
Guan Yu
James, brother of Jesus
Jose Rizal
Santiago
Santiago (disambiguation)

From Spanish Santiago, ellision of earlier Sant'Iago and Sant Iago, from Latin Sanctus Iācōbus (“Saint James or holy James”), the latter word deriving from Ancient Greek Ἰάκωβος (Iákōbos), from Hebrew יַעֲקֹב (ya‘ăqṓḇ, “Jacob”, literally “he will/shall heel”), from עָקֵב (‘āqḗḇ, “heel”) and the Biblical account of the patriarch Jacob's birth in Genesis 25:26. Piecewise doublet of Saint James.
The Guan Yu sense among Chinese Filipinos in the Philippines is due to a syncretic association of the deified Chinese general with St. James, who are both known for their assertiveness and heroism, which non-Chinese and people in the Philippines like Jose Rizal during the 19th century first associated with and/or surmised the Chinese folk deities venerated by Chinese Filipinos on Chinese altars and prints with popular Christian or Muslim figures.

der

A district of Veraguas Province, Panama.

Places in Peru:
A district of Cusco Province, Peru.


Yaren

A district, the largest town and de facto capital of Nauru. Nauru has no official capital but Yaren houses the government offices.

Yaren

largest town and de-facto capital of Nauru


Leeds

* The large city in West Yorkshire is from Old English Loidis, from Latin *Lādenses, most likely based on an early river-name derived from Proto-Celtic *lāto (“rut, heat”) (cf. Welsh llawd (“heat, ardour”)).
* The village in Kent is from Old English Hledes, probably from a stream-name.

City of Leeds
Leeds
Leeds (disambiguation)
Leeds, Kent

A large city and metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England.


Leicester

Leicester
Leicester (disambiguation)
Leicester, Massachusetts
River Soar

From Middle English Ledecestre, from Old English Ligoraċeaster, from Old English Ligore (“the name of a people living by the River Soar”) + ċeaster (“settlement”). The river name is thought to be of Brythonic/Celtic origin and possibly from the same source as the river Loire.

A city, unitary authority, and borough in and the county town of Leicestershire, England.


Long Island

[ˌlɔəŋ(ɡ)ˈɑɪlənd]

A district and long, thin island of the Bahamas.


Ipswich

From the Old English personal name Gip, genitive case Gipes + Old English wīċ (“port, bay”).

A port town and borough in and the county town of Suffolk, England.


Canterbury

From Middle English Caunterbury, Canterburi, from Old English Cantwara burg.

A local government district with borough status of Kent, England, the City of Canterbury, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in the city itself.


Harz

A rural district of Saxony-Anhalt. Seat: Halberstadt.


Norwich

From Old English norþ (“north”) + wīċ (“hamlet”).

A city and local government district with borough status in and county town of Norfolk, England.


MK

en-prop

MK (countable and uncountable, plural MKs)

Marland added: "We will look at bidding for the HQ, but the language being used indicates that already-successful places like MK need not apply.

2021 October 20, Tony Streeter, “Location of GBR's new HQ to be decided by competition”, in RAIL, number 942, page 16:

Initialism of Milton Keynes: a borough in Buckinghamshire, England; also the first part of the postcode for the area.


Milton Keynes

From an earlier "Middleton Caynes" when the village was in the manor of the "de Cahaines" family.

A unitary authority and borough with city status (City of Milton Keynes) in Buckinghamshire.


Dudley

Translingual: Dudleya

From Old English, literally "wood or clearing of Dudda (a personal name of unknown meaning)".

A market town and metropolitan borough of the West Midlands, England.


Plymouth

From Plym + mouth, referring to the river's mouth.

A city, unitary authority, and borough of Devon, England.


Lippe

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

A district (Kreis) in North Rhine-Westphalia.


Forest of Dean

Unknown. Possibly related to Welsh din (“fort, stronghold”), or to Dane.

A local government district of Gloucestershire, England, bordering onto Wales, formed in 1974 and with its headquarters in Coleford.


Salem

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Salem.wav

A town and district in Tamil Nadu, India.


Newcastle upon Tyne

Use of the city's major river to distinguish it from other British places known as Newcastle; most notably Newcastle-under-Lyme.

Newcastle (alternative)
Newcastle-upon-Tyne (alternative)
Newcastle on Tyne (alternative dated)
Newcastle-on-Tyne (alternative dated)

Similar statements were made in Britain, where the growing white lead industry in Newcastle-upon-Tyne caused waves of illness and even death among women workers: Dr Charles T. Thackrah had early on denounced the serious intoxications linked to the use of lead in industry and described the main symptoms allowing the disease to be diagnosed and patients to be distanced from the source of poisoning (1831), as had Henry Burton, who stated that a greyish coloration of the gums was an unmistakable symptom of lead poisoning, then known as the "Burtonian line" (1840).

2021, Judith Rainhorn, The Colour of Controversy..., pp. 8–9

A large city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in northeastern England.


Warwick

From Middle English Warwyk, from Old English Wǣringwīċ (literally “dwelling by the weir”), from wer (“weir”) + -ing (“of the”, used with masculine nouns) + wīċ (“dwelling place, village”).

affix

A local government district in Warwickshire formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Leamington Spa.


Gateshead

From Middle English Gatesheved (c. 1190), from Old English *Gāteshēafod, from gāt (“goat”) + hēafod (“head”). First mentioned by Bede in Latin in his Ecclesiastical History of the English People as ad caput caprae (literally “at the goat's head”), meaning a headland or hill frequented by (wild) goats. Both Latin and English names may be calques of a Brythonic predecessor formed from Proto-Brythonic *gaβr, from Proto-Celtic *gabros (“goat”), and might have been the Romano-British fort of Gabrosentum.

A metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear formed in 1974, with its headquarters in the town.


Bedford

Bedford (disambiguation)
John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford

From Middle English Bedforde, Bedeford, from Old English Bedaford, Bedanford, equivalent to Bede's + ford.
The civil parish is named after John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford (1710 - 1771). Coined by British-Dutch surveyor Samuel Holland.

coin

A local government district with borough status of Bedfordshire, England.


Middlesbrough

/ˈmɪdəlzˌbʌɹə/

From Old English middel (“middle”) + Old English burh (“fortified place”). Doublet of Middleburg and Middlebury. Cf. also Middelburg.

A town, unitary authority, and borough of North Yorkshire, England, situated on the River Tees.


Wolverhampton

Inherited from Middle English Wolverenhampton, from Old English *Wulfrūnehēantūn named after Lady Wulfruna, who founded the town.

inh+

A city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England. Historically it was in Staffordshire.


Amanab

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English

A district of Sandaun, Papua New Guinea.


Mansfield

From Old English Mammesfeld, from a Brythonic word mamm, meaning "mother" or "breast" + feld (“field”).

Mansfield District, a local government district in Nottinghamshire with its headquarters in the town.


Sheffield

en-proper noun

Sheffield (countable and uncountable, plural Sheffields)

Sheffields (plural)
Sheff. (alternative abbreviation)

From the name of the River Sheaf, which is from Old English scēaþ (“boundary”), + Old English feld (“field, open land”).

A city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom.


Rostock

From German, from Middle Low German Rozstoc, from West Slavic (probably Polabian), from Proto-Slavic *orz-tokъ (“river fork”) (compare Czech roztok).

A rural district of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Seat: Güstrow.


Crawley

From Old English crāwe (“crow”), genitive plural, crāwan + lēah (“wood, clearing”).

A large town and borough in West Sussex.


Worcester

Inherited from Middle English Wirchestre, Wirechestre, from Old English Weogornaċeaster (“fort of the Weogoran”).

inh

Our arrival at Worcester is heralded by the appearance of the city's cathedral tower, a solid square structure that's dominated the skyline since the 12th century.

2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, page 67:

A city and local government district with borough status in and the county town of Worcestershire, England.


Great Yarmouth

desc

→ Japanese: グレート・ヤーマス

→ Japanese: グレート・ヤーマス

A coastal town and borough of Norfolk, England.

Borough of Great Yarmouth
Great Yarmouth


Eastbourne

A coastal town and local government district with borough status of East Sussex, England (OS grid ref TV6098).


Southend-on-Sea

A unitary authority with borough status in Essex.


Kingston upon Hull

Distinguishing this location from other places also known as Kingston.

East Riding of Yorkshire
East Riding of Yorkshire#English

A maritime city and unitary authority of the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, also known as Hull.


Colchester

From Old English Colneċeaster, equivalent to Colne (a Celtic-named river) + Old English ceaster (“a Roman town”).

City of Colchester
Colchester
Colchester (disambiguation)

A city, local government district, and borough in Essex, England, the oldest town in England.


Chelmsford

Ultimately from Old English Ċēolmǣres (“Ceolmær's”) + ford, after an early landowner.

A local government district with borough status of Essex, the City of Chelmsford, originally formed in 1974, with its headquarters in the county town.


Basildon

Basildon (disambiguation)
Borough of Basildon

A local government district with borough status of Essex, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in the town.


Doncaster

en-proper noun

Doncaster (countable and uncountable, plural Doncasters)

The Romano-British name was Latin Dānum, from the common Celtic river name Proto-Celtic *Dānu << Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂-, + the Old English suffix ceaster (“town”), found in many placenames.

A city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England.


Gosport

Possibly from goose or gorse, or from God's port.

A town and borough in Hampshire, England, next to Portsmouth (OS grid ref SZ6199).


Guildford

The root of the first part may be gold rather than guild: the only known 10th-century (Saxon) record uses Guldeford and in the 11th century Geldeford, both equivalent to gold ford. Local historians suggest that this might refer to golden-coloured flowers or sand.

A local government district with borough status in Surrey, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in the county town.


Luton

From the name of the River Lea + Old English tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”). Doublet of Leyton.

der

A town, unitary authority, and borough of Bedfordshire, England.


Maidstone

From Old English medestan, meddestane from earlier mægdan stane (“the maidens' stone, the people's stone”). Ultimately from Old English mægden + stan or mæġþ + stan which are equivalent to maid(en) + stone. Compare Folkestone and Chiddingstone.

A local government district with borough status of Kent, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in the county town.


Swindon

From Old English swīn (“swine, pig”) + denu (“valley”), similar to the name Swinden. The first element could instead be from the Old Norse personal name Sveinn, or its Old English equivalent swān.

A town, unitary authority, and borough in Wiltshire, England.


Torbay

In Devon, recorded as Torrebay in 1401, from Torre + bay "the bay near Torre", which later became Tor Bay.
The town in Newfoundland is named after the borough in Devon.


Warrington

From Middle English Wardintone, from personal name, Wearda, from Old English weard (“guard”) + ing + tūn, meaning either "Wearda's estate" or "the lookout place".

A town, borough, and unitary authority in Cheshire, England.


Stratford-on-Avon

Stratford-on-Avon District
Stratford-upon-Avon
en:Clopton Bridge

From being the location of a river ford for a roadway. From Old Welsh avon (“river”) + Old English ford (“ford”) + Old English strǣt (“street”); from Latin strata (“road”). From being a ford for a British Roman road. The ford itself has subsequently been built over, becoming Clopton Bridge. The river itself has subsequently become named River Avon.

Stratford-upon-Avon (alternative)
Stratford (alternative)

A local government district of Warwickshire with its headquarters in the town.


Fareham

en-proper noun

Fareham (countable and uncountable, plural Farehams)

Recorded as Ferneham in the Domesday Book, the placename derives from Old English fearn (“fern”) + hām (“homestead”).

A town and borough in Hampshire, England (OS grid ref SU578048).


Havant

From Middle English Haveunte from Old English Haman (“Hama's”, personal name) + *funta (“Spring”)

compound

A local government district with borough status of Hampshire, with its headquarters in the town of Havant.


Eastleigh

Borough of Eastleigh
Eastleigh (disambiguation)

A town and local government district with borough status of Hampshire, England (OS grid ref SU4519).


Islington

Islington (disambiguation)
London Borough of Islington


Barnsley

en-proper noun

Barnsley (countable and uncountable, plural Barnsleys)

From the Old English personal name Beorn + -s- + lēah (“woodland clearing, glade”).

A market town and metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England (OS grid ref SE3406).


Santa Cruz

From Spanish and Portuguese Santa Cruz (“Holy Cross”), various places named in honor of the True Cross upon which Jesus was crucified. Doublet of Holy Cross and Saint Croix.

A district of Alto Amazonas province, Peru.

A district of Huaylas province, Ancash department, Peru.


Santa Fe

Borrowed from Spanish Santa Fe (“Holy Faith”). The SUV is named after the capital city of New Mexico.

Veraguas Province
Veraguas Province#English

A district of Veraguas Province, Panama.


Haifa

From Ottoman Turkish حیفا (Hayfa) and Arabic حَيْفَا (Ḥayfā), from Hebrew חיפה (Kheifa), from Classical Syriac ܟܐܦܐ (“rock”) presumably in reference to Mount Carmel, from Akkadian kāpu "rock".


Stafford

From Old English stæþ (“landing place”) + ford.

en:Stafford
en:Stafford (disambiguation)
en:Stafford (surname)

de Stafford (alternative archaic)
Strafford (alternative)

The Borough of Stafford, a local government district with borough status in Staffordshire formed in 1974, with its headquarters in the county town.


Merton

en-prop

Merton (countable and uncountable, plural Mertons)

Any of several placenames in England from words meaning lake and settlement.


Runnymede

A borough of Surrey, England, including the towns of Egham, Chertsey and Addlestone.


New Forest

A local government district in Hampshire, created in 1974.


Waverley

From Old English wǣfre (“restless, wavering”) + lēah (“meadow”), thus "the woodland clearing with swaying trees".

cog

Any of several placenames in several countries:

A local government district with borough status in southern Surrey, England.


Wakefield

An industrial city and metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England; traditionally a centre for the cloth and coal industries.


Xi'an

Cambridge University Press
Giant Wild Goose Pagoda
Ming Dynasty
Xi'an
Yuan Dynasty

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 西安 (Xī'ān), usually glossed as meaning "Western Peace" but inclusive of the idea of "Western Pacification" or "Pacified Area", first adopted under the Ming Dynasty in 1369 as the city was conquered from the Yuan and protected with a new wall. An apostrophe is usually required in pinyin to mark any non-initial syllable beginning with a, o, or e in a multi-syllable word. (See 隔音符號 /隔音符号 (géyīn fúhào) for more.) In this case, the apostrophe happens to distinguish the two separate syllables of xī and ān from the monosyllabic words xiān, xián, xiǎn, and xiàn.

Xian (alternative proscribed sometimes)
Sian (alternative obsolete)
Sianfu (alternative obsolete)
Hsian (alternative obsolete)
Hsi-an (alternative obsolete)
Hsi-an-fu (alternative obsolete)
Singan (alternative obsolete)
Si-ngan (alternative obsolete)
Si-ngan-fou (alternative obsolete)

In February 2009, the Xi’an District People’s Court in Liaoyuan city, Jilin province, reported that when preparing for a trial involving Falun Gong and other “cult organizations,” the court must first “petition” the municipal 6-10 Office, and only after receiving an affirmative response is the court then permitted to hear the case.

2009 October 10, “Human Rights”, in Congressional-Executive Commission on China Annual Report 2009, Congressional-Executive Commission on China, page 126:

In 2008, Liaoyuan became one of twelve important cities for the economic[…]study, the Xi’an district was chosen as the study area considering the distribution characteristics in Liaoyuan.

2012, Qing Chang, Xue Li, “Land Destruction Extent Assessment Based on RS and GIS in Liaoyuan Mining Area, China”, in 2012 2nd International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering, Nanjing, →DOI, →ISBN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-07-03, pages 1–4:

In order to further assess the performance and demonstrate the effectiveness of the improved controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT) apparent resistivity pseudo-sections method based on the gradients of frequency-domain controlled-source electromagnetic fields in a practical survey, we present a real data example from the coal mining area of Xi’an District, Liaoyuan City, Jilin Province, China. Liaoyuan City is located in the south of Jilin Province (Fig. 11a), and the survey area is located immediately to the northwest of Liaoyuan City.[…]
Furthermore, the practicability of the proposed imaging method for real-life situations was assessed by its application to field data acquired in the coal mining area of Xi’an District, Liaoyuan City, Jilin Province, China.

2021 February [2020], Ming Zhang, Colin G. Farquharson, Changsheng Liu, “Improved controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric method apparent resistivity pseudo-sections based on the frequency and frequency–spatial gradients of electromagnetic fields”, in Geophysical Prospecting, volume 69, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-06-30, pages 486, 489:


Connemara

/ˌkɑnəˈmɑɹə/

/ˌkɒnɪˈmɑːɹə/

Borrowed from Irish Conamara, from Conmhaícne Mara (literally “the Conmhaícne of the sea”), a branch of an ancient native tribe named Conmhaícne (literally “descendants of Con Mhac”).

A mountainous district of western County Galway, Ireland.


Coimbatore

bor

கோயம்புத்தூர்

A large city and district of Tamil Nadu, India.


Huaxi

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 花溪 (Huāxī, “flower brook”).

A district of Guiyang, Guizhou, China. It is a scenic university town and cultural center.


Hainan

c. 1600s, from Mandarin 海南 (Hǎinán). Doublet of Hainam and Hailam.

Hai-nan (alternative)
Ainan (alternative obsolete)
Haynan (alternative obsolete)

Public tops play a crucial role in discovering cover-ups. For example, on 19 August 2011, the Changfu Coal Mine in Hainan District, Wuhai City, Inner Mongolia, flooded. Fearing that the mine would be closed and penalized, the mine managers organized a rescue effort by themselves and did not report the case to any relevant authorities. On 20 August, at 9:16 a.m., citizens called the police hotline of Wuhai City to report the accident.

2022, Jie Gao, “The Fatality Quota System”, in Work Safety Regulation in China: The CCP’s Fatality Quota System (Routledge Contemporary China Series), Routledge, →DOI, →ISBN, →OCLC, page https://books.google.com/books?id=FCBiEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA2020:

A district of Wuhai, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China.

Guangxi · Inner Mongolia · Ningxia · Tibet Autonomous Region · Xinjiang

Beijing · Tianjin · Shanghai · Chongqing


Regensburg

Upper Palatinate
Upper Palatinate#English

A rural district of the Upper Palatinate region, Bavaria, surrounding but not including the town of Regensburg, which nevertheless serves as its administrative seat.


Braintree

From the Old English personal name *Branca + trēow (“tree”).

A local government district in Essex, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in the town.


Kaiserslautern

A rural district of Rhineland-Palatinate.


Aschaffenburg

A rural district of the Lower Franconia region, Bavaria, partially surrounding but not including the town of Aschaffenburg, which nevertheless serves as its administrative seat.


Augsburg

From German, from Latin Augusta Vindelicorum.

A rural district of the Swabia region, Bavaria, Germany, partially surrounding but not including the city of Augsburg, which nevertheless serves as its administrative seat.


Cotswold

A local government district of Gloucestershire, England.


Hebei

Latin: hebeiensis

Columbia University Press
Hebei
Saul B. Cohen

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 河北 (Héběi, literally “north [of the] river”) referring to the Yellow River.

Ho-pei (alternative)
Hopei (alternative)
Hopeh (alternative)

The Dabei (Mahakaruna) Temple on Tianwei Road in the Hebei District is the only Buddhist temple of good size in Tianjin.

2007, Zheng Lixin [郑立新], “Major Buddhist Temples”, in Buddhism: Rituals and Monastic Life [中国佛教], 1st edition, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 226:

Totally, Tianjin has four passenger railway stations, of which the Tianjin North Railway Station, located in Hebei District, is where the Beijing-Harbin Railway and the Beijing-Shanghai Railway meet.

2010 March, “Tianjin”, in Travel in China: A Guidebook for Travelers to China [中国旅游指南], Beijing: China Travel & Tourism Press [中国旅游出版社], →ISBN, →OCLC, page 80, column 2:

Hebei district is an area that is not as frantic as its neighbor Heping district and offers lots of cultural sightseeing within walking distance like the Ancient Culture Street, Wanghailou Church and Shizilin Bridge.

2010 May, Jeanie Carroll, “History and Modern Perspective”, in 厉静, editor, Tianjin Basics [精彩天津], Beijing: China Intercontinental Press [五洲传播出版社], →ISBN, →OCLC, page 5:

Ms. Li Xiaoxia, Deputy Mayor of the Hebei District People’s Government of Tianjin Municipality, addressed in her speech the significance of the project for the Hebei District. Ms Xiaoxia^([sic]) reiterated the District Government’s strong support and commitment to quality education and lifelong learning in Tianjin City.

2023 June 6, “Strengthened lifelong learning and sharing of good practice with Urban CLCs in Tianjin”, in UNESCO, archived from the original on 2023-10-07, News:


Würzburg

A rural district of the Lower Franconia region, Bavaria, surrounding but not including the town of Würzburg, which nevertheless serves as its administrative seat.


Bamberg

A rural district of the Upper Franconia region, Bavaria, surrounding but not including the town of Bamberg, which nevertheless serves as its administrative seat.


Bayreuth

A rural district of Bavaria, Germany, surrounding but not including the town of Bayreuth, which nevertheless serves as its administrative seat.


Coburg

A rural district of Upper Franconia, Bavaria, Germany.


Fürth

Middle Franconia
Middle Franconia#English

A rural district of the Middle Franconia region, Bavaria. Seat: Zirndorf.


Landshut

A rural district of the Lower Bavaria region, Bavaria, surrounding but not including the town of Landshut, which nevertheless serves as its administrative seat.


Passau

From German Passau. Doublet of Batavia and Betawi.

A rural district of the Lower Bavaria region, Bavaria, partially surrounding but not including the town of Passau, which nevertheless serves as its administrative seat.


Schweinfurt

A rural district of the Lower Franconia region, Bavaria, surrounding but not including the town of Schweinfurt, which nevertheless serves as its administrative seat.


Zwickau

A town and rural district of Saxony, Germany.


Göttingen

A rural district of Lower Saxony, Germany.


Osnabrück

From German Osnabrück, from Old Saxon Osnabrugga (literally “bridge of the Osna”), an old name for the river Hase. Doublet of osnaburg.

der

A rural district of Lower Saxony, Germany, partially surrounding but not including the city of Osnabrück, which nevertheless serves as its administrative seat.


Pristina

Prishtina (alternative)
Priština (alternative)


Rawalpindi

Joint Staff Headquarters (Pakistan)
Pakistan Armed Forces
Rawalpindi

Borrowed from Urdu راولپنڈی (rāvalpinḍī), from Western Panjabi راولپنڈی (rāvalpinḍī), from راول (rāval) and پنڈی (pinḍī), diminutive of پنڈ (pinḍ, “village”). The metonymical sense is from the Joint Staff Headquarters, the headquarters of the Pakistan Armed Forces located in that city.


Wealden

A local government district in East Sussex, England, created in 1974 and named after the Weald.


Jammu

From Dogri जम्मू (jammū) via Hindustani جَمُّوں (jammū̃) / जम्मू (jammū), ultimately from Sanskrit जम्बू (jambū). Traditionally considered to be named after Raja Jambulochan.

A district of Jammu division, Jammu and Kashmir, India.


Selçuk

Borrowed from Turkish Selçuk, from Ottoman Turkish سلچوق (Selçuk, “Seljuk”). See Seljuk.

der

A town, municipality, and district of İzmir Province, Turkey, near the ruins of ancient Ephesus.

Σελτσούκ

town in Turkey — see also Ephesus, Agios Theologos, Ayasoluk


Fatih

A municipality and district in Istanbul province, Turkey.


San Pablo

A district of San Pedro department, Paraguay.

A district of Bellavista Province, San Martín Region, Peru.

A district of Canchis Province, Cusco Region, Peru.

Mariscal Ramón Castilla
Mariscal Ramón Castilla#English

A district of Mariscal Ramón Castilla Province, Loreto Region, Peru.

A district of San Pablo Province, Cajamarca Region, Peru.


Kırklareli

A district of Kırklareli Province, Turkey.


Wigan

From Proto-Brythonic, ultimately probably from Latin vicus (“town”) + a diminitive suffix (c.f. Welsh gwig + -an).

A town and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England.


Olomouc

Eastern part of the district Olomouc, delimited on the west side by municipalities Domasov nad Bystrici, Jivova, Dolany, Hlusovice, Olomouc, Krelov-Bruchotin, Kozusany-Tazaly, Blatec.

1971, Albert P. Blaustein, Gisbert H. Flanz, Constitutions of the Countries of the World, New York: Dobbs Ferry, →ISBN:

Olomouc District
Olomouc District#English

A district of the Olomouc Region, Czech Republic; in full, Olomouc District. Capital: Olomouc.


Thunder Bay

Northwestern Ontario
Northwestern Ontario#English

Northern Ontario
Northern Ontario#English

Thunder Bay District
Thunder Bay District#English

A district of Northwestern Ontario, Northern Ontario, Ontario, Canada; in full, Thunder Bay District.


Ealing

A London borough of Greater London, England.


Toledo

Borrowed from Spanish Toledo, from Latin Tolētum.


Udupi

A district of Karnataka, India, of which Udupi is the chief city and administrative headquarters.


Dakshina Kannada

From Kannada ದಕ್ಷಿಣ (dakṣiṇa, “south”) + ಕನ್ನಡ (kannaḍa, “Kannada”), presumably a translation of the older name for the region, South Canara.

A district of Karnataka, in southwestern India. Mangalore is its chief city and administrative headquarters.


Suzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 肅州 /肃州 (Sùzhōu).

Su-chou (alternative obsolete)
Soochow (alternative obsolete)
Suchow (alternative obsolete)
Suchou (alternative obsolete)

A district of the prefecture-level city of Jiuquan, Gansu, China.


Zhongshan

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 中山 (Zhōngshān).

Chung-shan (alternative)
Chungshan (alternative)
Jhongshan (alternative)

Many trendy and expensive restaurants can be found in and around Taipei 101. The Jhongshan district is full of nightclubs and Karoake bars and has remnants of Japanese forms of entertainment.

[2008, Nick French, Asian Ways: A Westerner's Guide to Asian Business Etiquette, Aardvark Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 59:

Speaking at her cafe in Taipei’s Zhongshan district, Annie Hsieh, unrelated to Mr. Hsieh, smiled when asked about the Tsai-Trump call.
“I think it’s great,” Ms. Hsieh said.

2016 December 5, Chris Horton, “Trump Call Gauged Positively, but Cautiously, in Taiwan”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-12-05, Asia Pacific:

The Leofoo Residences is situated in the vibrant center of the Jhongshan District, in the heart of downtown Taipei.

[n.d., “Locations and Directions”, in 六福居 [Leofoo Residences], archived from the original on 2019-05-15:

Arrangements are being made, including a public appearance with a visit to the Legislative Yuan tomorrow, they said, adding she would also meet with President Tsai Ing-wen (蔡英文).
However, given the sensitivity involved, plans would change according to situations, they added.
Meanwhile, local media quoted other sources as saying that Pelosi could possibly stay at the Grand Hyatt Taipei in Xinyi District (信義) or the Marriott Taipei in Zhongshan District (中山).

2022 August 2, “Pelosi could arrive today: analyst”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-08-01, Front Page, page 1:

A district of the city of Taipei, Taiwan.

A district of the city of Keelung, Taiwan.

A district of the city of Dalian, Liaoning, China.

A district of the city of Liupanshui, Guizhou, China.


Cheng

The staff from the Cheng District Christian Council (CC) in Jincheng City, Shanxi Province, presented hand warmers, eight treasure congees, and instant noodles on January 28 to pandemic prevention workers in Guanxiang Community Neighborhood Committee, Cheng District CC&TSPM reported.

2022 February 5, John Wang, “Shanxi, Jiangsu Churches Visit People”, in China Christian Daily, archived from the original on 2022-02-07:


Afyonkarahisar

Borrowed from Turkish Afyonkarahisar, from Ottoman Turkish آفیون قره حصار (afyon kara hisar).

آفیون قره حصار

A district of Afyonkarahisar Province, in western Turkey.


Tübingen

A town and rural district of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, on the Neckar, with a famous university; once capital of Würtemberg-Hohenzollern


Saharanpur

A city, district, and division of Uttar Pradesh, in northern India.


St Albans

‘I won’t stay long — I’ve got to get straight up to St Albans.’

2016, Ian McEwan, Nutshell, Vintage, page 70:

A city and local government district with borough status in Hertfordshire, England.


Siirt

From Turkish Siirt, from Ottoman Turkish سعرد (Siird).


Bautzen

Although this stance is a minority concern amongst the German electorate at large, many voters in the eastern German town of Bautzen are anti-mask – despite the town recording Germany’s highest ever Covid infection rate in December 2020.

2021 September 22, “Far-right AfD campaigns on anti-vax platform in Germany’s Bautzen”, in France 24, retrieved 2024-06-23:

A town and rural district of Saxony, Germany.


Kgalagadi

A district in south-west Botswana, which includes much of the Kalahari Desert.


Karaman

Borrowed from Turkish Karaman, Ottoman Turkish قرمان (Karaman), قرامان (Karaman).


Xuzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 敘州／叙州 (Xùzhōu), from a former prefecture administered from the city.

zh-m

敘州／叙州 (Xùzhōu)

Suifu (alternative)
Suifoo (alternative)
Suchow (alternative)


Datong

Translingual: Datonglong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 大同 (Dàtóng).

Tatung (alternative)
Ta-tung (alternative)

A cross-dike platform is among the plans for an urban renewal project in Taipei’s Datong District (大同), officials from the Taipei City Government’s Department of Urban Development said yesterday.

2015 July 14, Abraham Gerber, “Urban renewal plans for Datong District revealed”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-08-02, Taiwan News, page 4:

Over the past five years or so, the Datong District has been rewarding travellers looking for tea, herbal medicine or puppet shows on self-guided tours of low-rises built during the late 19th century and the occupation by Japan, which began in 1895.[…]
Similar architecture can be found elsewhere in Taipei, but in pockets rather than as whole neighbourhoods, as in Datong.

2015 December 19, Ralph Jennings, “Taipei's historic Datong District gets new lease of life”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-12-25, Travel:


Changzhou

/t͡ʃæŋ.d͡ʒoʊ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 常州 (Chángzhōu).

Ch'ang-chou (alternative)
Changchow (alternative)

A district of Wuzhou, Guangxi autonomous region, China.


Pune

Poona (alternative)
Poonah (alternative)

A major city and district of Maharashtra, India.


Kanpur

Caunpoor (alternative)
Caunpore (alternative)
Cawnpore (alternative)
Kahnpur (alternative)

A large city, district, and division of Uttar Pradesh, India.


Nagpur

A district of Maharashtra, India, containing the city of the same name.


Indore

Borrowed from Hindustani اِنْدَور / इंदौर (indaur).

A district of Madhya Pradesh, India, containing the city of the same name.


Thane

Transliteration of Marathi ठाणे (ṭhāṇe). Doublet of thana.

A large city and district of Maharashtra, India, part of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region.


Agra

From Sanskrit अग्रेवण (agrevaṇa, “forest border”), from अग्र (agra, “border, in front of”) + वन (vana, “forest”).


Vadodara

A large city and district of Gujarat, India (formerly Baroda).


Ghaziabad

A large city and district of Meerut division, Uttar Pradesh, India.


Varanasi

Borrowed from Sanskrit वाराणसी (vārāṇasī).


Visakhapatnam

Borrowed from Telugu విశాఖపట్నం (viśākhapaṭnaṁ).

Vizagapatam (alternative)
Vizag (alternative)

A district of Andhra Pradesh, India, containing the city of the same name.


Howrah

A large city and district in West Bengal; a suburb of Kolkata, India.


Allahabad

/ˌæləhəˈbæd/

/ˌæləhəˈbɑːd/

Borrowed from Classical Persian اللهآباد (Allāh-ābād), from Arabic اَللّٰه (allāh) + Persian آباد (âbâd). Romanized form Allah + -abad.

Former name of Prayagraj: a city and district of Uttar Pradesh, India.


Mysore

Latin: mysorēnsis

An anglicised version of Kannada ಮಹಿಶೂರು (mahiśūru, literally “abode of Mahisha”). Though in Sanskrit Mahisha means "buffalo", here it refers to Mahishasura, a mythological demon who could assume the form of both a human and a buffalo. According to Hindu mythology, the area was ruled by the demon Mahishasura. The demon was killed by the Goddess Chamundeshwari, whose temple is situated atop the Chamundi Hills. Mahishūru later became Mahisūru (a name which, even now, the royal family uses) and finally came to be called Maisūru, its present name in the Kannada language.

der

A large city, district, and division of Karnataka, India.


Wokingham

Meaning "home of the people of Wocca", apparently a Saxon chieftain. In Victorian times, it was known as Oakingham, and the acorn with oak leaves is the town's symbol.

A unitary authority and borough of Berkshire, with its headquarters in the town of Wokingham.


Rosses

From Irish na Rosa (literally “the headlands”).

bor

A district in western County Donegal, Ireland.


Chesterfield

A market town and borough in Derbyshire, England.


Sutton

en-proper noun

Sutton (countable and uncountable, plural Suttons)

From Old English suþ (“south”) + tun (“town”).

Meronym: Hackbridge

A number of places in England, including:

A London borough in Greater London, which includes the town.


Lindau

A town and rural district of the Swabia region, Bavaria, Germany, on Lake Constance.


Elazığ

Elazig (alternative)
Elâzığ (alternative)


Barguna District

Barisal Division
Barisal Division#English

One of the six districts in the Barisal Division of Bangladesh.


Pirojpur District

Named after a certain royal figure called Firoz, whose exact identity is debated; thus ultimately a corruption of ফিরোজপুর (phirōjpur), a bilingual compound of Classical Persian فَیروز (fīrōz, “victorious”) + Sanskrit पुर (pura, “fortress, town”).


Habiganj District

Refers to the district of Habiganj, which is a transliteration of হবিগঞ্জ (hobigonj), a corruption of হবিবগঞ্জ (hobibogonj), ultimately a bilingual compound of Arabic حبيب (“beloved”) + Persian گنج (“treasury, store”), as the district was named after the local ruler Syed Habibuddin.

One of the four districts in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh.


Maulvibazar District

Named after the maulvi Syed Qudratullah; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Arabic مَوْلَوِيّ (mawlawiyy, “maulvi, master”) + Bengali বাজার (bajar, “bazar, market”).


Sunamganj District

Named in honor of a soldier called Sunam Uddin; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Bengali সুনাম (śunam, “fame, reputation”) + Persian گنج (“treasury, store”); the first element is a compound of সু- (su-, “good”) + নাম (nam, “name”).


Sirajganj District

Named after a local zamindar called Sirajuddin Chowdhury; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Arabic سراج (“lamp, lantern”) + Persian گنج (“treasury, store”).

Rajshahi Division
Rajshahi Division#English

One of the eight districts in the Rajshahi Division of Bangladesh.


Rajshahi District

ضِلْع رَاجْشَاهِي

ḍilʕ rājšāhī


Naogaon District

Refers to the district of Naogaon, which is a transliteration of নওগাঁ (noōgã), a compound of নও (nō, from Classical Persian نو (naw, “new”)) + গাঁ (gã, “village”), literally meaning "new village".

com

from Classical Persian <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">نو</i> (naw, “new”)


Nawabganj District

Named after the nawabs of Bengal; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Arabic نواب (“representative, deputy”) + Persian گنج (“treasury, store”).
The alternative name "Chapainawabganj" (Bengali: চাঁপাইনবাবগঞ্জ) comes from prefixing the discussed term with চাঁপাই (cãpai).


Satkhira District

One of the ten districts in the Khulna Division of Bangladesh.


Magura District

Named after the district of Magura, a transliteration of মাগুরা (magura), which is probably from মাগুর (magur, “catfish”), supposedly because catfish were abundant in its marshes in the past.


Meherpur District

Refers to the district of Meherpur, a transliteration of মেহেরপুর, a compound of মেহের (meher) + পুর (pura, “city”); there are two theories on the origin of the first element:
* Named after the Sufi saint Meher Ali Shah; thus from Persian مهر (“friendship, love”).
* Named after the astrologer-astronomer Varāhamihira; thus from Sanskrit मिहिर (mihira, “sun”).


Bandarban District

Chittagong Division
Chittagong Division#English

One of the eleven districts in the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh.


Brahmanbaria District

Refers to the district of Brahmanbaria, a transliteration of Bengali ব্রাহ্মণবাড়িয়া (brahmonbaṛiẏa), a compound of ব্রাহ্মণ (brahmon, “Brahmin”) + বাড়ি (baṛi, “home”) + -ইয়া (-iẏa, suffix to mean relationship), literally meaning "home of the Brahmins".

bor

ব্রাহ্মণবাড়িয়া


Khagrachari District

From Bengali খাগড়াছড়ি (khagṛachoṛi), a compound of খাগড়া (khagoṛa, “reed”) + ছড়ি (choṛi, “river”, from Sanskrit सरित् (sarit, “river, stream”)), referring to the reeds around the banks of the Chengi River, near which the district headquarters are located.

com

from Sanskrit <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">सरित्</i> (sarit, “river, stream”)


Lakshmipur District

A transliteration of Bengali লক্ষ্মীপুর (lokkhipur), a compound of লক্ষ্মী (lakṣmī, “Lakshmi”) + পুর (pura, “city”).


Noakhali District

Refers to the district of Noakhali, which is a transliteration of নোয়াখালী (nōẇakhali), a compound of নোয়া (nōẇa, a dialectal variant of নয়া (noẏa, “new”)) + খালী (khali, a suffixed form of খাল (khal, “canal”)), literally meaning "new canal".

a dialectal variant of <i class="Beng mention" lang="bn">নয়া</i> (noẏa, “new”)

a suffixed form of <i class="Beng mention" lang="bn">খাল</i> (khal, “canal”)

ضِلْع نُوَاخَالِي

ḍilʕ nuwāḵālī


Rangamati District

Refers to the district of Rangamati, which is a transliteration of রাঙ্গামাটি (raṅgamaṭi), a compound of রাঙা (raṅa, “colored, red”) + মাটি (maṭi, “soil”).


Mymensingh District

Mymensingh Division
Mymensingh Division#English

One of the four districts in the Mymensingh Division of Bangladesh.


Narayanganj District

Named after a market which was dedicated to the god Narayana; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Bengali নারায়ণ (naraẏon) + Bengali গঞ্জ (gonj, “treasury, store”), from Persian گنج.

One of the thirteen districts in the Dhaka Division of Bangladesh.


Rajbari District

A transliteration of Bengali রাজবাড়ী (rajbaṛi), a compound of রাজ (raj, “royal”) + বাড়ী (baṛi, “house”), literally meaning "palace, royal-house", as it is an homage to the former royalties (nawabs) and wealthy landowners (zamindars) of the region.


Shariatpur District

Refers to the district of Shariatpur, a transliteration of শরীয়তপুর, ultimately a bilingual compound of Arabic شَرِيعَة (šarīʕa, “law, shari'a”) + Bengali পুর (pura, “city”), named in honor of Haji Shariatullah.


Sherpur District

Refers to the district of Sherpur, a transliteration of শেরপুর, ultimately a bilingual compound of Classical Persian شیر (šēr, “lion”) + Bengali পুর (pura, “city”), named in honor of Sher Ali Gazi, the last zamindar of the region.


Munshiganj District

Named after a local faujdar called Munshi Hayder Hossain; thus ultimately a compound of Persian منشی (“secretary, munshi”) + گنج (“treasury, store”).


Madaripur District

Named after the saint-preacher Shah Madar; thus ultimately a trilingual compound of Arabic مَدَار (madār, “orbit”) + Bengali -ঈ (-i, adjectival suffix) + Sanskrit पुर (pura, “fortress, town”). The Bengali suffix itself is influenced by both Sanskrit and Arabic


Manikgonj District

Named after a Sufi preacher called Manik Shah; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Bengali মানিক (manik, “ruby”) + Persian گنج (“treasury, store”); the first element is from Sanskrit माणिक्य (māṇikya), a vriddhi of मणिक (maṇika), a compound of मणि (maṇi, “gem, jewel”) + -क (-ka, diminutive suffix).


Kishoreganj District

Named after a market founded by Nanda Kishore Pramanik; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Bengali কিশোর (kiśōr, “youth, teenager”) + Persian گنج (“treasury, store”).


Jamalpur District

Refers to the district of Jamalpur, a transliteration of জামালপুর, ultimately a bilingual compound of Arabic جمال (“beauty”) + Bengali পুর (pura, “city”), named in honor of Baba Shah Jamal.


Gopalganj District

Named after Nabo Gopal, the son of a local landlord called Ganeshchandra, the grandson of Rani Rashmoni; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Bengali গোপাল (gōpal, “cowherd”) + Persian گنج (“treasury, store”).


Gazipur District

Refers to the district of Gazipur, a transliteration of গাজীপুর, ultimately a bilingual compound of Arabic غَازِي (ḡāzī, “warrior, ghazi”, construct state of غَازِ (ḡāzi)) + Bengali পুর (pura, “city”), named in honor of Fazl Gazi, one of the Baro Bhuyans of Bengal and the first zamindar of Bhawal Estate.

construct state of <i class="Arab mention" lang="ar">غَازِ</i> (ḡāzi)

Baro Bhuyans
Bhawal Estate
Gazipur District

ضِلْع غَازِيپُور

ḍilʕ ḡāzīpūr


Faridpur District

Named after the mystic-preacher Fariduddin Ganjshakar; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Arabic فَرِيد (farīd, “single, unique”) + Sanskrit पुर (pura, “fortress, town”).


Kars

Crimean War
Kars
Kars Province
Siege of Kars

From Turkish Kars, Ottoman Turkish قارص (Kars), and Armenian Կարս (Kars). As a New Brunswick parish, named for the 1855 Siege of Kars in the Crimean War.


Timiskaming

From the Temiscaming people's spoken language. Alternate spellings from the 1700s: Temiscaming, Timiscaming, Temiscamin, Temescaming.


Gotha

A town and rural district of Thuringia, Germany.


Salford

en-proper noun

Salford (countable and uncountable, plural Salfords)

Salfords (plural)
Sawford (alternative surname)

From Old English sealh (“willow, sallow”) + ford (“ford”).

City of Salford
Salford (disambiguation)

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester#English

A city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England (OS grid ref SJ8098).


Bury

Bury (countable and uncountable, plural Burys)

The place name means "fort," from Old English burg. Doublet of borough, Brough, and burgh.

Bury
Bury (surname)
Bury, Greater Manchester

A town and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester.


Oldham

Oldham (countable and uncountable, plural Oldhams)

Domesday Book
Metropolitan Borough of Oldham
Oldham (disambiguation)#Other meanings

Recorded as Aldehulme in the Domesday Book, the English toponym is named with Old English eald (“old”) + Old Norse holmr (“holm, islet”). Or else, the first element may be Old English Alda, a male given name, or the Cumbric/Proto-Brythonic equivalent of Welsh allt (“cliff”).

A town and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England (OS grid ref SD922053).


Rochdale

/ˈɹɒt͡ʃdeɪl/

From the River Roch + dale, although recorded in the Domesday Book (1086) as Recedham (homestead with a hall), which became Rachedal by 1195 (valley of the River Roch).

A town and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England.


Stockport

Stockport (countable and uncountable, plural Stockports)

From Old English stoc (“house, dwelling; place”) + port (“port; market town”).

der

A market town and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England (OS grid ref SJ8990).


Tameside

A metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England.


Trafford

en-proper noun

Trafford (countable and uncountable, plural Traffords)

From Old English træppe (“(fish)-trap”) + ford.


Ambala

A city and district of the state of Haryana, India.


Riviera

From Italian riviera, from Old French riviere, from Latin riparius.

A district and municipality therein in Ticino canton, Switzerland.


Woking

A local government district with borough status in Surrey, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in the town.


Karlovy Vary

administrative region
administrative region

A spa city, district, and administrative region located in western Bohemia, Czech Republic; formerly known as Karlsbad.


Kolín

A town and district in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.


Náchod

A town and district of Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.


Přerov

A city and district in Olomouc Region, Czech Republic.


Taoyuan

From Mandarin 桃園 (Táoyuán) Wade–Giles romanization: Tʻao²-yüan².

Taoyüan (alternative)
T'ao-yuan (alternative)
T'ao-yüan (alternative)

A district of Taoyuan, in northwestern Taiwan.


Taoyuan

A district in northeastern Kaohsiung, Taiwan, formerly a rural township.


Fulda

A town and rural district of Hesse, Germany.


Ispir

A town and district of Erzurum Province, in eastern Turkey.


Adıyaman

A district of Adıyaman Province, Turkey.


Wirral

From the Old English Wirhealh, from wir (“myrtle”) and healh (“corner”), referring to the bog myrtle once found there.

A metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England.


Chittoor

Borrowed from Telugu చిత్తూరు (cittūru).

A city and district of Andhra Pradesh, India.


Nellore

Borrowed from Telugu నెల్లూరు (nellūru).


Srikakulam

A district and town in Andhra Pradesh, India.


Karimnagar

A district and town in Telangana, India.


Kadapa

Borrowed from Telugu గడప (gaḍapa, “gateway”).

bor+

Cuddapah (alternative)
Cuddappah (alternative)


Ayodhya

Borrowed from Sanskrit अयोध्या (ayodhyā).

A city, district, and division of Uttar Pradesh, India, on the bank of the Sarayu river.


Shusha

From Azerbaijani Şuşa and Russian Шуша́ (Šušá), ultimately from Armenian Շոշ (Šoš), the name of a nearby Armenian village whose inhabitants were resettled in Shusha upon founding.

Shushi (alternative)
Shoushi (alternative)


Stroud

A local government district of Gloucestershire, formed in 1974, with its headquarters near the town.


Borken

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

A town and district in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.


Amravati

A district of Maharashtra, India, containing the city of the same name.


Nili

A district of Daykundi, Afghanistan. Seat: Nili.


Stade

en-proper noun

Stade (countable and uncountable, plural Stades)

A town and rural district of Lower Saxony, Germany.


Puna

Alternative spelling of Poona, a major city and district of Maharashtra, India.


Medway

From Old English Medwæġe, from Romano-British Late Latin Madus.

A unitary authority and borough in North Kent, England, which includes the Medway Towns on both sides of the river.


Melton

Melton (countable and uncountable, plural Meltons)

From Old English middel (“middle”) + tūn (“enclosure”). Compare Middleton and Milton.

The Borough of Melton, a local government district with borough status in Leicestershire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Melton Mowbray.


Worthing

Worthing (countable and uncountable, plural Worthings)

* The name of the village in Norfolk derives from Old English worþig (“enclosure”).
* The name of the town in West Sussex derives from the unattested Old English personal name *Weorþ + -ing (“belonging to”).

A coastal town and borough in West Sussex, England.


Annaba

A city in eastern Algeria, corresponding to the ancient settlement of Hippo.


Derbent

From Ottoman Turkish دربند (Derbend, Derbent), from Persian دربند (darband, literally “bar of a door, bolt; a barrier”), from در (dar, “door, gate, passage”) + بند (band, “band, tie, fastening”).

compound

Derbend (alternative)
Darband (alternative)

A town and district of Konya Province, Turkey.


Trichy

(India, informal) Tiruchirappalli (a district of Tamil Nadu, India).


Solihull

Perhaps a form of soily hill: the parish church of St Alphege was built on a hill of stiff red marl.

A large town and metropolitan borough of the West Midlands, in the centre of England.

Metropolitan Borough of Solihull
Solihull


Walsall

A town and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England.


Stoke-on-Trent

A local government unitary authority and borough in Staffordshire with its headquarters in the city.


Cheltenham

We couldn't get him back into training before Christmas time because he picked up an injury at the Cheltenham Festival last year and we had to go softly softly.

2006 April 28, “Royal heads Betfred field”, in RTE Sport, Ireland, retrieved 2009-06-22:

The society had apparently been formed the previous year, but as the Cheltenham Spa Railway Society, which sounded rather parochial and unambitious - particularly as (by all accounts) its founders had gathered in a garden shed in the town.

2021 December 29, Stephen Roberts, “Stories and facts behind railway plaques Cheltenham (1928)”, in RAIL, number 947, page 60:

A town and borough in Gloucestershire, England, famous for its racecourse.


Kingston upon Thames

Distinguishing this location from other places also known as Kingston. The River Thames is on the west side of the town, and forms part of the borough's western boundary here.

An ancient market town, now a royal borough of Greater London, England, officially called the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames.


Banqiao

/ˌbɑːnˈt͡ʃjaʊ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 板橋／板桥 (Bǎnqiáo).

zh-l

板橋／板桥 (Bǎnqiáo)

Panchiao (alternative)
Pan-chiao (alternative)
Pan-ch'iao (alternative)
Banciao (alternative)

As mentioned in the first chapter, entrusting university professors as chief managers for restoration projects of national cultural assets has been patterned after the project of Lin family's garden at Banqiao, Taipei County.

2003, Chen-shan Ellen Wang, “The New Restoration Project”, in Historic Preservation in Taiwan: The Restoration of Tainan Da Tianhou Gong (Thesis), University of Pennsylvania, →OCLC, page 56:

The principal purpose of this paper is to explain the differences of the Lin Family's Garden in Ban-chiau, Taiwan and the Gardens in South China.

[2011, Lan-Shiang (黃蘭翔) Huang, “臺灣板橋林本源園林的真假與虛實 [The True Mingled with the False at Lin Family's Garden in Ban-chiau, Taiwan]”, in 國立臺灣大學美術史研究集刊, volume 30, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

Gou was speaking as more than 100 people crowded into Ci Hui temple in Banqiao, New Taipei City, where the billionaire executive was born and grew up.

2019 April 16, Yimou Lee, Anne Marie Roantree, “Foxconn's Gou says will follow order of sea goddess to run for Taiwan presidency”, in Muralikumar Anantharaman, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-04-07, Consumer Products & Retail News:

Meanwhile, New Taipei's Banqiao District tallied 26 days in July in which the temperature rose above 35 degrees, while also reporting a record high July temperature of 39.4 degrees, according to the CWB.

2022 August 4, Hsiung-feng Chang, Matthew Mazzetta, “Taiwan records historically hot, dry weather in July”, in Focus Taiwan, archived from the original on 2022-08-04, Society:

A district, the administrative seat of New Taipei City, Taiwan.


Bellinzona

/ˌbɛlɪnˈzəʊnə/

From Italian Bellinzona, from Latin Bilitiō, Bilitiōnem, from a Lepontic term meaning “juniper bushes”.

A district of Ticino canton, Switzerland.


Leventina

A district in Ticino canton, Switzerland.


Wuchang

Ou-tchang (alternative)
Voutchang (alternative)
Wu-ch'ang (alternative)
Wu-chang (alternative)

The Metropolis Vuchang, lieth on the Southern Shore of the River Kiang, though ſomewhat diſtant, but may be gone to in Boats along Channels, convey'd thither out of the River.

[1671, Arnoldus Montanus, translated by John Ogilby, Atlas Chinensis, London: Tho. Johnson, translation of original in Dutch, →OCLC, page 517:

The tribute to be paid to England after the unfortunate war of 1840, the great unproductive consumption of opium, the drain of the precious metals by this trade, the destructive influence of foreign competition on native manufactures, the demoralized condition of the public administration, produced two things: the old taxation became more burdensome and harassing, and new taxation was added to the old. Thus in a decree of the Emperor, dated Peking, Jan 5 1853, we find orders given to the viceroys and governors of the southern provinces of Wuchang and Hanyang to remit and defer the payment of taxes, and especially not in any case to exact more than the regular amount; for otherwise, says the decree, “how will the poor people be able to bear it?” And “Thus, perhaps,” continues the Emperor, “will my people, in a period of general hardship and distress, be exempted from the evils of being pursued and worried by the tax-gatherer.” Such language as this, and such concessions we remember to have heard from Austria, the China of Germany, in 1848.

1853 June 14, Karl Marx, “Revolution in China and in Europe”, in New-York Daily Tribune, archived from the original on 2020-11-01, page 17:

Yochow fell to the Nationalists August 22. Alarmed, Wu hastened from North China. Before he arrived at Hankow, however, the Nationalists had penetrated the province and were advancing on Wuchang, sister-city of Hankow.

1938, Robert Berkov, Strong Man of China: The Story of Chiang Kai-shek, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, page 55:

Eleven soldiers were poisoned to death at Wuchang in Hupeh province last February 18. Two cooks were arrested on charges of deliberately poisoning the food.

1973 July 1, “Discipline lax in Red army”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIV, number 25, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3, column 2:

By 1911, there were rumours of revolution, and Stursberg was worried by reports that Foochow was in the hands of revolutionaries. A mutiny of the troops in Wuchang on October 10 had spread to city after city.

2002, Peter Stursberg, No Foreign Bones in China, University of Alberta Press, →ISBN, page 92:

The Wuchang mobile cabin hospital, built in the Hongshan Stadium in Wuhan’s Wuchang District, was completed within 29 hours; the state media championed this as a sign of ‘Chinese speed’ or the ‘Chinese experience’.

2021 July 21, Ralph Litzinger, Yanping Ni, “Inside the Wuhan cabin hospital: Contending narratives during the COVID-19 pandemic”, in China Information, volume 35, number 3, →DOI, page 347:

The video indicates that Mr. Chen is a 41-year-old who worked in a company’s finance office and never went to the Huanan market. Official reports said that he lived in the Wuchang district in Wuhan, miles from the market.

2021 November 18, Carl Zimmer, Benjamin Mueller, Chris Buckley, “First Known Covid Case Was Vendor at Wuhan Market, Scientist Claims”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-11-18, The Coronavirus Pandemic:


Xicheng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin Chinese 西城 (Xīchéng, literally “west city”).

The city of Peking has 85 neighborhoods, each with more than 50,000 residents (Luo, 1980). The Fengsheng Neighborhood in the Xicheng District of Peking, for example, has 14,136 families and 52,978 persons.

1983, Clifton W. Pannell, Laurence J. C. Ma, China: The Geography of Development and Modernization, V. H. Winston & Sons, →ISBN, page 85:

In Xixingsheng lane of the Xicheng District, more than 20 armed policemen were beaten up by mobs; some were badly injured, and the others’ whereabouts are unknown.

1989, Yi Mu, Mark V. Thompson, Crisis at Tiananmen: Reform and Reality in Modern China, San Francisco: China Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 229:

Xicheng The sector immediately west of the Forbidden City, Xicheng is the site of some of the most extensive old hutong (alleyway) neighborhoods left in Beijing.

2000, J. D. Brown, Beijing (Frommer's), Foster City, CA: IDG Books, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, →OL, page 36:

In Beijing, authorities ordered all cinemas closed until November 14 in the capital's Xicheng district, which lies west of Tiananmen Square and is home to over a million people.

2021 October 30, “China cracks down over 'serious' Covid outbreak”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2021-10-30:

A district in downtown Beijing, China, comprising the sections immediately west of the Forbidden City.


Teng-chou

From Mandarin 登州 (Dēngzhōu) Wade–Giles romanization: Têng¹-chou¹.

China now must pay another four million taels before Allied Forces will evacuate Tientsin and Teng-chou [in Shantung].[…]
Bruce to Prince Kung. Is going to send Acting Consul to Teng-chou: requests co-operation in selecting best port for foreign trade.

1983, J. Y. Wong, Anglo-Chinese relations, 1839-1860: A Calendar of Chinese Documents in the British Foreign Office Records, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 300, 309:

Obsolete form of Dengzhou, former name of Penglai: a district of Yantai, Shandong, China.


Penglai

A romanization of Mandarin 蓬萊 /蓬莱 (Pénglái)

the Japanese development of the Chinese legend

Should the enemy land in the Penglai area (northeastern part of Shantung Peninsula) part of the 12th Independent Garrison Unit will oppose it.

1956 August, Army Operations in China January 1944 - August 1945, Eighth United States Army, page 210:

Born in Penglai, on the coast of Shandong, in 1888, Miss Pruitt grew up in an inland village where for many years hers was the only Western family.

1985 August 11, Robert D. McFadden, “IDA PRUITT, 96, WHO FOSTERED FRIENDSHIP WITH THE CHINESE”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, Section 1, page 36:

In 1956 the government deprivatized all small businesses. The Penglai District collectivized the pig's head meat sellers into one production team.

1996, Guanlong Cao, “Pigs' Heads”, in Guanlong Cao, Nancy Moskin, transl., The Attic: Memoir of a Chinese Landlord's Son, University of California Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 59:

A district of Yantai, in eastern Shandong, China (famous for its mirages out at sea), formerly known as Tengchow and since renamed for a mythical island.


Three Rivers

/ˈθɹiː ˈɹɪv.ɚz/

From the fact that three rivers flow through the area (confluence of two rivers, one flowing into the other, resulting in three channels).

A local government district of Hertfordshire, England, surrounding the borough of Watford on three sides.


Chang'an

From the atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 長安 /长安 (Cháng'ān).

Ch'ang-an (alternative)
Changan (alternative)

This aerial photo shows the site of the mud slide in Weiziping Village of Luanzhen Township on the outskirts of Chang’an District, Xi’an of northwest China’s Shaanxi Province 12 August 2023.[…]
The landslide occurred on Friday night in Weiziping village in Chang’an district shortly after heavy rains and floods in the province.
Two houses in Chang’an were washed away and nearby roads, bridges, power supply facilities were damaged.

2023 August 13, “At least 4 dead after landslide in north China’s Xi’an”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2023-11-19:

A district and former county of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.


Muzaffarabad District

A district of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan, in the disputed Kashmir region.


Edirne

From Turkish Edirne and Ottoman Turkish ادرنه (Edirne), from Byzantine Greek Ἁδριανούπολις (Hadrianoúpolis), from Ancient Greek Ἁδριανός (Hadrianós, “Hadrian”) + πόλις (pólis, “city, city-state”). Doublet of Adrianople and Adrianopolis.

der

Ἁδριανούπολις


Akhaltsikhe

A district of Samtskhe-Javakheti, Georgia; properly Akhaltsikhe Municipality.


Azamgarh

A city, district, and division of Uttar Pradesh, India.


Chitrakoot

A district and division of Uttar Pradesh, India.


Warangal

A city and district of Telangana, India.

Warangal
Warangal Rural district
Warangal Urban district


Longshan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 龍山 /龙山 (Lóngshān) (Lóngshān, lit. "Dragon Mountain")

Lung-shan (alternative)
Lung Shan (alternative)
Mount Long (alternative)
Mount Lung (alternative)

Various placenames in China and Taiwan
A district of Liaoyuan, Jilin, China.


Qinzhou

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 秦州 (Qínzhōu).

Tsinchow (alternative)
Ch'in-chou (alternative)

Qincheng (now called Qinzhou) District Court, in Gansu Province's Tianshui City, in Northwestern China, also saw high numbers of counterrevolutionary trials during the early 1950s.

2018, William Hurst, “Law and Revolution: Mobilizational Justice and Charismatic Politics”, in Ruling Before the Law: The Politics of Legal Regimes in China and Indonesia (Cambridge Studies in Law and Society), Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 109:

A district in modern Tianshui, Gansu, China.


Mahbubnagar

Borrowed from Telugu మహబూబ్ నగర్ (mahabūb nagar).

bor+

One of the districts in Telangana in India.


Nizamabad

Borrowed from Hindi निज़ामाबाद (nizāmābād) / Urdu نظام آباد (nizāmābād).

bor

Hindi निज़ामाबाद (nizāmābād)


Aurangabad

Ultimately from Persian اورنگآباد (Owrang-âbâd), named for اُوْرَنگزیب (Owrang-zib, “Aurangzeb”), the sixth Mughal emperor (r. 1658–1707).


Nanded District

A district of Maharashtra, in central India.


Amritsar

From Sanskrit अमृत "nectar" + सरस् "lake, pool".

The district (the second most populous in Punjab) which contains this city.


Jalandhar

Borrowed from Sanskrit [Term?], from जल (jala, “water”) + अनदर (anadara, “inside”), because Shiva's son was born inside water.

compound

A city and district in northwestern Punjab, India, famous for sports equipments.


Kapurthala

A district of Punjab, in northern India, divided into two noncontiguous parts.


Enfield

From Old English Ēana (given name) or ēan (“lamb”) + feld (“field”).

A town and London borough in Greater London.


Düren

A town and rural district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, between Aachen and Cologne.


Göygöl

A city, district, and lake in Azerbaijan.


İsmayıllı

Ismailli (alternative)
Ismailly (alternative)
Ismaily (alternative)
Ismayylly (alternative)


Hamirpur

Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh#English

A town and district of Shimla division, Himachal Pradesh, India.

A city and district of Chitrakoot division, Uttar Pradesh, India.


Karlsruhe

From German Karl + Ruhe ("rest"), after Charles III William of Baden-Durlach.

A rural district surrounding the city in Baden-Württemberg.


Ludwigsburg

Borrowed from German Ludwigsburg, named for Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg.

A town and rural district of Baden-Württemberg.

Eberhard Louis, Duke of Württemberg
Ludwigsburg


Böblingen

A town and rural district of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.


Konstanz

A city and district in Baden-Württemberg, south Germany, on Lake Constance, and on the border with Switzerland.


Glacis

An administrative district of Seychelles.


Cascade

An administrative district on Mahé, Seychelles.


Diu

Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu#English

A district of the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, India.


Vogtlandkreis

Unadapted borrowing from German Vogtlandkreis.


Zhongli

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 中壢／中坜 (Zhōnglì).

zh-l

中壢／中坜 (Zhōnglì)

Chungli (alternative)
Jhongli (alternative)
Jungli (alternative)

In general, we can see Ploughshare as part of a local system, which includes all the communities for whom the basic-level market, and later administrative center, has been the nearby town of Sanxia. This local system is, in turn, part of a regional system, including all of the Chinese-inhabited parts of Taiwan from Taoyan^([sic – meaning Taoyuan]) and Zhongli in the south to Jilong in the north, with its market and administrative center at the twin cities of Megjia^([sic – meaning Mengjia]) and Dadaocheng, which later became Taibei.

1982, Stevan Harrell, “Ploughshare in the Socioeconomic System”, in 犁舌尾 [Ploughshare Village: Culture and Context in Taiwan], University of Washington Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 17:

The Zhongyuan Institute of Science and Engineering is located at Zhongli, a town midway between Taibei and Xinzhu.[…]
National Central University, also at Zhongli, has departments in atmospheric physics, chemical engineering, civil engineering, mathematics, and physics.

1984, Tong B. Tang, “Science and Technology in Taiwan”, in Science and Technology in China, London: Longman, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 209:

On Wednesday, Taoyuan Mayor Cheng Wen-tsan (鄭文燦) announced that three clerks working at a Union Bank branch in Taoyuan City's Zhongli District had tested positive for COVID. The three had been listed as contacts of case No. 17,472, a residential service worker.

2022 January 12, Keoni Everington, “3 Union Bank clerks test positive for COVID in northern Taiwan”, in Taiwan News, archived from the original on 2022-01-12, Society:


Orkhon

From French Orkhon, from Classical Mongolian ᠣᠷᠬᠣᠨ (orqon), a valley and river in central Mongolia where Old Turkic inscriptions were discovered.

A district and sum of Darkhan-Uul, Mongolia.

A district and sum of Selenge, Mongolia.