Marathon

/ˈmæɹə(ˌ)θɔn/

/ˈmɛɹə(ˌ)θɔn/

From Ancient Greek Μαραθών (Marathṓn). Doublet of marathon.

A city in the Florida Keys, Monroe County, Florida.

Buena Vista County
Buena Vista County#English

A minor city in Buena Vista County, Iowa.


Marina

Name of an early virgin martyr venerated in the Orthodox Church, Latin Marīna, probably a feminine form of Marīnus, from marīnus (“of the sea”), or a variant of Marīa.

A city in Monterey County, California, United States.


Martin

en-proper noun

Martin (countable and uncountable, plural Martins)

From Middle English Martin, from Latin Mārtīnus (“of or like Mars” or “little Mars”), Mārs, Mārtis + -īnus (diminutive suffix). See Mārs for further etymology.

af

A number of places in the United States:

A minor city in Sheridan County, North Dakota.

A small city, the county seat of Bennett County, South Dakota.

A city and district in Žilina Region, Slovakia.


Mason

A city, the county seat of Ingham County, Michigan.

A city, the county seat of Mason County, Texas.


Meridian

Lauderdale County
Lauderdale County#English

A city, the county seat of Lauderdale County, Mississippi, United States.

A city, the county seat of Bosque County, Texas, United States, apparently named for the 98th meridian west, actually between 97-98 W.


Meta

Named after Meta Schreifer, the sister of a railroad official, from German Meta.


Miles

en-proper noun

Miles (countable and uncountable, plural Miles or Mileses)

Miles (plural)
Mileses (plural)
Myles (alternative)

From Old French given name Milo, of problematic origin, possibly from an unknown Germanic element, or a short form of Slavic names beginning with mil- "grace, favor". The English form is associated by folk etymology with Latin mīles (“soldier”).
As a surname, it is also derived from a Middle English Miles form of Michael.


Mobile

From the name of (Mobile Bay, from the name of) the Mobile tribe, perhaps from the name of a Native town somewhere in what is now central Alabama, various spelled Mabila or Maubila.

Oh, Mama / Is this really the end? / To be stuck here inside of Mobile / With the Memphis blues again

1966, Bob Dylan, “Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again”, in Blonde on Blonde:

A city, the county seat of Mobile County, in southwestern Alabama.


Mona

Anglicized from Irish and Scottish Gaelic Muadhnait, from Middle Irish múad (“noble”). In northern Europe, where the name is much more popular, Mona is interpreted as a diminutive of Monica or, rarely, of Ramona, and sometimes associated with the title of da Vinci's painting Mona (=madonna) Lisa.
The Arabic and Persian name مُنىٰ (munā) is sometimes Romanised as Mona.


Mons

A city, the capital of the province of Hainaut, Belgium.


Monument

A place in the United States:
A minor city in Grant County, Oregon.


Morgan

en-prop

Morgan (countable and uncountable, plural Morgans)

A city, the county seat of Calhoun County, Georgia; named for county official Hiram Morgan.

A city in Minnesota; named for anthropologist Lewis H. Morgan.

A placename:
A locale in the United States:
A minor city in Bosque County, Texas.

A city, the county seat of Morgan County, Utah; named for Mormon apostle Jedediah Morgan Grant.


Moro

A small city, the county seat of Sherman County, Oregon, United States.


Morris

en-proper noun

Morris (countable and uncountable, plural Morrises)

* The surname has converged from several origins; see Morris.

A city, the county seat of Grundy County, Illinois.

A number of places in the United States:

A city, the county seat of Stevens County, Minnesota; named for railroad official Charles A. Morris.


Moskva

Transliteration of Russian Москва́ (Moskvá). Doublet of Moscow.

transliteration

And I didn't come all the way from Moskva just for the government.

2013, Charles Lee Jackson II, The Emperor’s Gambit (The Emperor’s Secret Files), →ISBN:

Alternative form of Moscow, the federal city, the capital of Russia.


Nancy

From French Nancy, from Medieval Latin Nanciacum, from Old High German Nanzig.

A city in Meurthe-et-Moselle department, Grand Est, north-eastern France.


Natal

From Portuguese Natal (“Christmas”), because the region in South Africa was discovered by the Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama on Christmas Day, 1497. Doublet of natal.

Rio Grande do Norte
Rio Grande do Norte#English

A municipality, the state capital of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.


Newton

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Newton.wav

Inherited from Middle English Neweton, from Old English nēowa tūn (“new town”). Compare same construction in Italian Napoli (“Naples”) and in Arabic نَابُلُس (nābulus, “Nablus”).
The unexpected Early Modern pronunciation with /ɛʊ̯/, as securely attested in Richard Hodges' 1644 English Primrose and confirmed by obsolete Welsh Newtwnn, is due to trisyllabic shortening in Old English nēowa tūn or Middle English Neweton.

Ньюто́н

Sir Isaac's surname is traditionally stressed on the last syllable

Vilanova

surnames derived from the equivalents of “new town”

The name of many English-speaking places, including:

A small city, the county seat of Baker County, Georgia.

A city, the county seat of Jasper County, Illinois.

A city, the county seat of Jasper County, Iowa.

A city, the county seat of Harvey County, Kansas, named after Newton, Massachusetts.

Middlesex County
Middlesex County#English

A city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts.

A small city in Newton County, Mississippi.

A city, the county seat of Catawba County, North Carolina.

A city, the county seat of Newton County, Texas.


Nice

From French Nice, from Latin Nīcaea, from Ancient Greek Νῑ́καια (Nī́kaia), named for a 4th-century BC victory of its colonizing Phocaean Greeks over local Ligurians, probably the Vediantii, from νῑ́κη (nī́kē, “victory”) + -ῐᾰ (-ĭă, “-ia: forming place names”). Doublet of Iznik and Nicaea.

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

A coastal city, the capital of Alpes-Maritimes department, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeast France.


Orange

Some senses from French Orange, from Latin Aurasiō, from Gaulish. Other senses from the common noun orange, ultimately from Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga, “orange tree”).

der

A city in Vaucluse department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France.

A city in New South Wales; named for William II of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange from 1815 to 1840.

For diarrhea caused by a stomach virus or a meal that didn’t agree with you, try the BRAT diet, says James Lee, MD, gastroenterologist with St. Joseph Hospital in Orange, Calif.

2015 March 31, Linda Melone, “The worst foods to eat when you’re sick, and the best ones”, in CNN:

A number of places in the United States:

A city in Orange County, California; named for the fruit.

A city in Essex County, New Jersey; named for William III of England, Prince of Orange from 1650 to 1702.

A city, the county seat of Orange County, Texas.


Orient

/ˈɔː.ɹɪ.ənt/


Pacific

From Latin pācificus (“peace-making”), so called by Magellan because he sailed peacefully over it after weathering Cape Horn.

A city in Franklin County, Missouri, United States.


Page

en-prop

Page (countable and uncountable, plural Pages)

A placename in the United States:
A city in Arizona.

A placename in the United States:
A city in North Dakota.


Pampa

A city, the county seat of Gray County, Texas, United States.


Paradise

From paradise.
The town in Newfoundland is named after Houmet Paradis near Guernsey.


Parma

Borrowed from Italian Parma, from Latin Parma, from Etruscan.

unincorporated community
unincorporated community

Rio Grande County
Rio Grande County#English

An unincorporated community in Alamosa County and Rio Grande County, Colorado.

New Madrid County
New Madrid County#English

A minor city in New Madrid County, Missouri.


Phoenix

From Latin phoenīx, from Ancient Greek φοῖνῐξ (phoînĭx), Φοῖνῐξ (Phoînĭx).

The capital city of Arizona, and the county seat of Maricopa County.


Pierce

A city, the county seat of Pierce County, Nebraska, United States.


Pierre

The capital city of South Dakota, United States, and the county seat of Hughes County.


Pisa

From Italian Pisa, from Latin Pīsae, of Etruscan origin.

The capital city of the province of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy.


Ponce

A city and municipality in the south of Puerto Rico, United States.


Portal

A minor city in Burke County, North Dakota, on the Canadian border.


Porto

Borrowed from Portuguese Porto.
* (wine): the name of the city whence it was exported.

Oporto (alternative)
O Porto (alternative)
Port (alternative)
Oporto (alternative)
O Porto (alternative)
Port (alternative)
oporto (alternative)
o porto (alternative)
porto (alternative)
port (alternative)
Oporto wine (alternative)
O Porto wine (alternative)
Porto wine (alternative)
Port wine (alternative)
oporto wine (alternative)
o porto wine (alternative)
porto wine (alternative)
port wine (alternative)

A city and municipality, the district capital of Porto district, Portugal.


Post

en-proper noun

Post (countable and uncountable, plural Posts)

A city, the county seat of Garza County, Texas, named after C. W. Post.


Powers

A city in Coos County, Oregon, United States.


Price

Price (countable and uncountable, plural Prices)

A city, the county seat of Carbon County, Utah.


Proctor

The soil test was originally developed by Ralph R. Proctor.

Saint Louis County
Saint Louis County#English

A number of places in the United States:

A city in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, named after J. Proctor Knott.


Pula

The largest city in Istria County, Croatia.


Pullman

Ellipsis of Pullman car, after the Pullman Palace Car Company, named after American engineer and industrialist George Pullman (1831–1897).


Rabat

The capital city of Morocco, and capital city of the region of Rabat-Sale-Kenitra, Morocco.


Ray

* As an English surname, from pet forms derived from the root of Raymond.
* Also as an English surname, from Old French rei (“king”). Compare Roy, King.
* Also as an English surname, from Old English rā (“roe deer”). Compare Roe.
* Also as an English surname, variant of Wray and Rye.
* As a Scottish Gaelic surname, shortened from McRae.
* As a French surname, from the verb raier (“to gush out, flow, radiate”). Compare Leray.
* As a Polish and Slovene surname, Americanized from Raj, from raj (“paradise”).
* As an Indian surname, variant of Rai.

A minor city in Williams County, North Dakota.


Reading

From Old English Rēadingas, the name of a tribe or clan of early Anglo-Saxon England whose capital was at Reading. Not related to reading.

Hillsdale County
Hillsdale County#English

A city and township in Hillsdale County, Michigan.

A city, the county seat of Berks County, Pennsylvania, named after Reading in Berkshire, England.


Rector

en-proper noun

Rector (countable and uncountable, plural Rectors)

(uncountable) A placename, from the surname:

A city in Clay County, Arkansas, United States.


Regina

/ɹɪˈd͡ʒiːnə/

/ɹɪˈd͡ʒaɪ.nə/

Borrowed from Latin rēgīna (“queen”). The given name originally referred to the Virgin Mary as the Queen of Heaven. The Canadian city was named for Queen Victoria, as suggested by Princess Louise. Doublet of rani.

The capital city of Saskatchewan, Canada, with a metropolitan population of about 250,000.


Rice

en-prop

Rice (countable and uncountable, plural Rices)

Rices (plural)
Rise (alternative)
Wrice (alternative)

* As a Welsh surname, borrowed from Welsh Rhys, an Anglicization. Compare Reese, Freese, Price, and Preece.
* As an English surname, from Old English hris (“brushwood, shrubbery”).
* Also as an English surname, from a nickname through Middle English and Anglo-Norman from French ris (“smile, laughter”).
* Also as an occupational English surname, from the noun rice.
* As as German surname, Americanized from Reis (“shoot, twig”), related to the Old English word above. Compare Ries.

der

A minor city in Navarro County, Texas, named after William Marsh Rice.


Riga

From Latvian Rīga, of disputed origin:
* Possibly a form of Riege, the German name for the Rīdzene, a tributary of the Daugava river.
* Possibly from rija (“threshing barn”), the j becoming a g in German (note that English geographer Richard Hakluyt calls the city Rie in 1589, and that German historian Dionysius Fabricius confirms in 1610 the origin of Rīga from rija).

[The city is] at least ten Rigas and Jelgavas put together! Palace upon palace, bridge upon bridge, tower upon tower.

2014, Zigmunds Skujins, Flesh-Coloured Dominoes:


Roman

From Old French Romain, from Latin Rōmānus. In reference to the Byzantine Empire, via the Byzantine Greek endonym Ῥωμαῖος (Rhōmaîos). By surface analysis, Rome + -an. Doublet of Romano.


Ruby

The female name derives from ruby in the 19th century.


Rufus

A minor city in Sherman County, Oregon, United States.


Rugby

From earlier Rokeby (rook + -by), from Middle English Rokebi, an alteration (using the Middle English bi (“village, town”), from Old Norse býr (“town, settlement”)) of Old English Rocheberie, possibly from earlier Old English *Hrōceburh (literally “rook-fort, Rookbury”).

A city, the county seat of Pierce County, North Dakota.


Ruse

Rousse (alternative)
Rouse (alternative)


Saga

The capital city of Saga Prefecture, Japan.


Salina

A city, the county seat of Saline County, Kansas.


Sandwich

The family name is from Old English Sandwīċ, from sand + wīċ (“wick, settlement, harbour, hamlet”), equivalent to sand + -wich.

One of several younger towns named after the town in Kent or after a person bearing the surname:

A city in DeKalb County and Kendall County, Illinois, United States.


Savanna

A city in Carroll County, Illinois, United States, across the Mississippi from Iowa.


Savannah

The cities are named after the Savannah River, possibly derived from Shawnee or Algonquian.

The name of a river and several cities in the United States:

A major city, the county seat of Chatham County, Georgia.

Los Angeles County
Los Angeles County#English

A ghost town in Los Angeles County, California.

A city, the county seat of Andrew County, Missouri.

A ghost town in Butler County, Nebraska.

census-designated place
census-designated place

A town, hamlet, and census-designated place in Wayne County, New York.

An unincorporated community in Jackson County, North Carolina.

A city, the county seat of Hardin County, Tennessee.

A census-designated place in Denton County, Texas.


Shanghai

Shanghai
The Chicago Manual of Style
University of Chicago Press

c. 1840, likely from an English-derived romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation of Chinese 上海 (Shànghǎi), reinforced by Wade–Giles, Postal Romanization, and Hanyu Pinyin.

Shang-hai (alternative obsolete)
Shanghae (alternative obsolete)
Shang-hae (alternative obsolete)
Shanhae (alternative obsolete)
Chang-hai (alternative obsolete)

Guangxi · Inner Mongolia · Ningxia · Tibet Autonomous Region · Xinjiang

SHANGHAI (the emporium of Nanking) is the first town of any importance on the coast of Kiangnan province.[…]If, however, these difficulties were surmounted, and suitable precautions taken against existing dangers, the embouchure of this river would be one of the most eligible points for the establishment of British commerce in the whole empire. Be this as it may, however, certain it is that even now Shanghai carries on the greatest native trade of any port on the coast.[…]
The city of Shanghai is built on the left bank, some distance from the mouth. It is laid out with sufficient elegance, and numerous temples.

1840 September 12, “IX.—From Shanghai to Pekin.”, in The Penny Magazine, number 542, Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, →OCLC, page 358, column 2:

In January 1901, we reached Japan where Mrs. Hoover remained for the winter while I went to Shanghai in search of a method of reaching North China. The Port of Taku being frozen and there being then no railway connection between Shanghai and the north, all communication had been suspended for the winter.

1951, Herbert Hoover, “Engineering in China—1899–1902”, in The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover, Years of Adventure 1874-1920, New York: Macmillan Company, →OCLC, →OL, page 55:

By the year 2000, Shanghai is scheduled to become an international center of commerce and finance; economic strategists predict that by 2010 the city will have become the world's largest trading center. This "secret capital" of China has set some ambitious goals for itself. The population is proudly celebrating their collective "coming out," and business is booming.

1999, “Shanghai”, in The Book of the World, 2nd United States edition (Atlas), Macmillan, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 411, column 1:

Victor Li is determined to get married soon, but like many other young Chinese grappling with an uncertain economic outlook, the well-heeled Shanghai entrepreneur isn't sure he can afford to.
"It's very expensive for us to get married, especially in a big city like Shanghai," the 32-year-old said, as he took a break from a ticketed networking event for wealthier, top university-educated singles at an upmarket Shanghai jazz bar.

2024 January 17, Nicoco Chan, “Some Shanghai singles struggle to get married as economy slows”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-01-21, China:

A major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China.


Shaw

en-proper noun

Shaw (countable and uncountable, plural Shaws)

→ Translingual: shawii

Sunflower County
Sunflower County#English

A small city in Bolivar County and Sunflower County, Mississippi, United States.


Split

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Splȉt, from Italian Spalato, from Latin Spalatum, from Ancient Greek Σπάλαθος (Spálathos) and Ἀσπάλαθος (Aspálathos), from ἀσπάλαθος (aspálathos, “spiny broom”), a common shrub in the area.


Star

* As a German and Jewish surname, from Star (“starling”).
* Also as a German and Jewish surname, semantic loan from German Stern (“star”).
* As a Dutch surname, from star (“stiff, rigid”).
* As a Slovene surname, from star (“old”).
* As an English given name, from star, sometimes originating as a nickname.


Swan

en-proper noun

Swan (countable and uncountable, plural Swans)

From swan, the bird.
* (surname): An English nickname from the swan bird.

A number of places in the United States:


Talent

A city in Jackson County, Oregon, United States.


Tallinn

Borrowed from Estonian Tallinn (“Tallinn”), compound of old Taani (“Denmark”) and linn ("town", originally "castle").


Teller

A tiny city in Nome Census Area, Alaska, United States, named after Henry M. Teller.


Tower

en-proper noun

Tower (countable and uncountable, plural Towers)

A city in Saint Louis County, Minnesota, United States.


Tucker

en-prop

Tucker (countable and uncountable, plural Tuckers)

In Tucker, another Atlanta suburb, an undocumented man attending church was arrested after ICE agents arrived, pastor Luis Ortiz told CNN. He said he was in the middle of his sermon when he noticed a couple of members of his church escort the man out.

2025 January 26, Priscilla Alvarez and Rosa Flores, “Trump administration launches nationwide immigration enforcement blitz”, in CNN:


Turner

en-proper noun

Turner (countable and uncountable, plural Turners)

From Middle English Turner, Turnur, Turnure, Turnour, from Middle English turner, turnare, tornere, an occupational surname for a turner or tumbler.


Tyre

From Latin Tyrus, from Ancient Greek Τύρος (Túros), from Phoenician 𐤑𐤓 (ṣr /Ṣur/, “rock”) (), after the rocky formation on which the town was originally built. Compare Aramaic טוּרָא / ܛܘܪܐ (ṭūrā, “mountain, high territory”), Akkadian 𒋗𒊒 (Ṣurru), Tarifit aẓru (“rock”), Central Atlas Tamazight ⴰⵥⵔⵓ (aẓru, “stone”), Proto-Semitic *ṯ̣Vrr- (“flint”). Cognate to Arabic صُور (ṣūr), Hebrew צוֹר (Tzor), Tiberian Hebrew צר (Ṣōr), Turkish Sur.

cog

A city in Lebanon, a major port on the Levantine Sea that was a city-state in Phoenicia in antiquity and the capital of the Kingdom of Jerusalem during the Middle Ages.

ጢሮስ

an ancient sea port and city state of Phoenicia

An unincorporated community in Austin Township, Sanilac County, Michigan, United States, named after the biblical Tyre.

A town and hamlet therein, in Seneca County, New York, United States, named after Tyre, Lebanon.


Union

(locomotive): Derived from the name of the only U.S. company to use that configuration.

A home rule city in Boone County, Kentucky.

A city, the county seat of Franklin County, Missouri.

A city in Montgomery County and Miami County, Ohio.

Montgomery County
Montgomery County#English

A city, the county seat of Union County, South Carolina.


Valence

Borrowed from French Valence. Doublet of Valencia.

A city and commune, the capital of the department of Drôme, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, southeastern France.


Valentine

en-proper noun

Valentine (countable and uncountable, plural Valentines)

From Latin Valentinus, from valeō (“I am strong, healthy”).

A city, the county seat of Cherry County, Nebraska.


Van

Van Zandt County
Van Zandt County#English

A city in Van Zandt County, Texas, United States.


Van

From Turkish Van, from Ottoman Turkish وان (Van), from Middle Armenian Վան (Van).

A city, the capital of Van Province, Turkey, on the shore of the lake.


Victor

From a Late Latin personal name Victor, borne by several saints, from victor (“conqueror”). Doublet of victor.


Vilnius

From Lithuanian Vi̇̀lnius, after the Vilnia River, from vilnis (“wave”).


Viola

A minor city and township in Sedgwick County, Kansas.


Walker

en-prop

Walker (countable and uncountable, plural Walkers)

A placename:
A location in the United States:
A minor city in Linn County, Iowa.

Livingston Parish
Livingston Parish#English

A placename:
A location in the United States:
A city in Livingston Parish, Louisiana.

A placename:
A location in the United States:
A city in Kent County, Michigan.

A minor city, the county seat of Cass County, Minnesota.

A minor city in Vernon County, Missouri.


Ward

en-proper noun

Ward (countable and uncountable, plural Wards)

* As an English surname, from the noun ward and related cognates such as warden, guard etc.
* As an Irish surname, reduced from McWard, from mac an bard (“son of the poet”).
* As a Jewish surname, adapted from Warshawski, named after Warsaw. Comparable to Warszawski.
* As a French surname, Americanized from Guerin.

A placename
A locale in the United States:
A city in Lonoke County, Arkansas.


Warren

en-prop

Warren (countable and uncountable, plural Warrens)

From the Anglo-Norman surname (de) Warenne, a reference to a place called Varenne, a hamlet near Arques-la-Bataille, along the river Varenne in Normandy, from Medieval Latin Warinna, a hydronym of Celtic/Gaulish origin, from *var-, *ver- (“river, water”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wer- (“water, rain, flow”); see also the Latin river Avara. Phonetic Germanic influence is shown by the [v] > [w].

der

A number of places in the United States:

A city, the county seat of Bradley County, Arkansas.

A city in Macomb County, Michigan; named for War of 1812 veteran Rev. Abel Warren.

A city, the county seat of Marshall County, Minnesota; named for railroad executive Charles Howard Warren.

A city, the county seat of Trumbull County, Ohio; named for surveyor Moses Warren.

A city, the county seat of Warren County, Pennsylvania; named for Revolutionary War hero Joseph Warren.


West

en-prop

West (countable and uncountable, plural Wests)

* In most senses and as an English surname, from west, the direction.
* As a Finnish surname, Americanized from Vesterinen.

A city in McLennan County, Texas, United States.


White

White (countable and uncountable, plural Whites)

Whites (plural)
Whyte (alternative)
Wight (alternative)

* As an English surname, from Middle English White, as a nickname for someone with white hair or pale complexion; in some cases from a personal name of the same meaning. See the modern adjective white.
* Also as an English surname, from Old English *wiht (“bend”), found only in placenames, a derivative of the verb wican (“to yield, bend”); compare Wight.
* As a Scottish Gaelic and Irish surname, used as a translation of several Gaelic names containing the element bán and geal, including Mac Giolla bháin (McElwain, Kilbane), Ó Gealagáin (Galligan), Bán (Bane), and Ó Banáin (Bannon).
* Also as a Scottish and Irish surname, an Anglicization of Irish de Faoite, itself from Anglo-Norman le White, le Whyte, from the same source as the English surname.

White (disambiguation)#Places in the United States

A minor city in Bartow County, Georgia; named for its first postmaster.

A city in South Dakota; named for its first European settler.


Wright

en-proper noun

Wright (countable and uncountable, plural Wrights)

desc

Translingual: Wright Mons, wrightii, wrighti

English and Scottish occupational surname, from the archaic noun wright (“builder, maker”). Found as the second element of compounds such as Wainwright, Cartwright, etc.

A minor city in Carlton County, Minnesota.


York

Etymology tree
Proto-Celtic *eburos
Proto-Brythonic *eβur
Proto-Celtic *-ākos
Proto-Brythonic *-ọg
Proto-Brythonic *Eβrọgbor.
Latin Eborācumder.
Old English Eoforwīċder.
Old Norse Jórvíkbor.
Middle English Ȝork
English York
From Middle English York, Ȝork, from Old Norse Jórk, Jórvík, from Old English Eoforwīċ, from Latin Eborācum, ultimately from Proto-Brythonic *Eβrọg (“yew”) (compare Welsh Efrog, from Old Welsh Caer Ebrauc, from Proto-Brythonic *Eβrọg), from *eburos (“yew”) + *-ākom (positive suffix).

suffix

A city, unitary authority, and borough of North Yorkshire, England.

Former name of Toronto. (used before 1834): A city in Ontario, Canada.

A city, the county seat of York County, Nebraska.

A tiny city in Benson County, North Dakota.

A city, the county seat of York County, Pennsylvania.

A city, the county seat of York County, South Carolina.


Young

en-proper noun

Young (countable and uncountable, plural Youngs)

* As an English, Scottish, and northern Irish surname, from the adjective young, used to distinguish a younger brother or son. This sense is comparable to the surnames le Yunge, German Jong and Junk, Dutch Jong and de Jongh, French Lejeune and LaJeunesse, assimilated from Dion and Guyon.
* As a Chinese surname, from the following:
** Cantonese 楊 /杨 (joeng⁴). Doublet of Yeung.
** Hokkien 楊 /杨 (iông / iâng). Doublet of Yu, Yeo, Yeoh.
** Mandarin 楊 /杨 (yáng). Doublet of Yang.

A city in Río Negro department, Uruguay.


Washington, D.C.

Washington (alternative)
Washington DC (alternative)
Washington D.C. (alternative)
Washington D. C. (alternative)
Washington, DC (alternative)
Washington, D. C. (alternative)

/ˈwɑʃɪŋtən ˈdiː ˌsiː/

Named for George Washington. The name "Washington, D.C." (analogous in form to "Richmond, VA") reflects the fact that at the time of its founding, it was only one of three cities in D.C., alongside Georgetown and Alexandria. (In 1871, Congress repealed the charters of Georgetown and Washington and created a unitary territorial government for the whole District of Columbia.)

Washington, D.C., with its wide streets, confounding roundabouts, marble statues, Doric columns, and domes, is supposed to feel like ancient Rome (that is, if the streets of ancient Rome were lined with homeless black people, bomb-sniffing dogs, tour buses, and cherry blossoms).

2015, Paul Beatty, The Sellout, Oneworld Publications (2016), page 4:

District of Columbia
District of Columbia

The capital city of the United States, formally known as the District of Columbia. Abbreviated as D.C. or DC.

Ўашингтон

federal capital of the United States of America

واشنگٹن ڈی سی

vŏśiṅgṭan ḍī sī


Samaria

/səˈmɑːɹi.ə/

/səˈmɛəɹi.ə/

/səˈmɛəɹi.ə/

From Latin Samaria, from Ancient Greek Σαμάρεια (Samáreia), partial calque of Biblical Hebrew שֹׁמְרוֹן (Šōmərôn). Attested in Akkadian as 𒆳𒊓𒈨𒊑𒈾 (Sāmerīna).

(historical) Former name of Sebastia, a city in the West Bank, Palestine, the ancient capital of the Kingdom of Israel.


Dunbar

Dunbar (countable and uncountable, plural Dunbars)

Historically Dynbaer. From Cumbric *din (“fort”) + *barr (“hill-crest, summit, top”).

A number of places in the United States:

A city in Kanawha County, West Virginia.


Clifford

"Dweller at the ford by the steep bank", from Old English clif (“cliff”) + ford (“ford”).

A minor city in Traill County, North Dakota.


Seattle

Named after Chief Seattle, from Lushootseed siʔaɬ.

As I waited to meet with Jay Graber, the CEO of Bluesky, on the 25th floor of an office building in downtown Seattle, I stared out at the city’s waterfront and thought: God fucking damn it.

2025 May 19, Kate Knibbs, “Bluesky Is Plotting a Total Takeover of the Social Internet”, in WIRED, archived from the original on 2025-05-19:

A seaport and the largest city in Washington, United States, and the county seat of King County.


Dalton

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Dalton.wav

From Old English dæl (“valley”) + tun (“settlement”). Equivalent to dale + town.

Whitfield County
Whitfield County#English

A city, the county seat of Whitfield County, Georgia.

Otter Tail County
Otter Tail County#English

A minor city in Otter Tail County, Minnesota.


Yokohama

/ˌjəʊkəˈhɑːmə/

Borrowed from Japanese 横浜(よこはま) (Yokohama).

The capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, near Tokyo.


Christine

Borrowed from French Christine. Doublet of Christina.

A city in North Dakota; probably named for Swedish opera singer Christina Nilsson.


Moore

The surname has converged from several different meanings; see Moore on Wikipedia.

A number of places with their names taken from the surname:

Cleveland County
Cleveland County#English


Kansas City

Kansas City metropolitan area
Kansas City, Kansas
Kansas City, Missouri

كانساس سيتي

a large city straddling the border between Kansas and Missouri, USA

A large metropolitan area straddling the border between Kansas and Missouri, USA. Kansas City is split into two separate cities:

A city in Missouri, United States and one of the two county seats of Jackson County.

Wyandotte County
Wyandotte County#English

A city, the county seat of Wyandotte County, Kansas.


Dearborn

Dearborn (countable and uncountable, plural Dearborns)

From Middle English Daborne, Dabernoun, from Old Northern French d'Arborn (literally “of Arbornon”).

der

A city in Wayne County, Michigan, United States.

A city in Buchanan County and Platte County, Missouri, United States.


Hassan

A district and city in Karnataka, India.


Karbala

From Arabic كَرْبَلَاء (karbalāʔ), of uncertain etymology.

Karbala' (alternative)
Kerbala (alternative)
Kerbela (alternative)

A city in central Iraq, site of the murder of Husayn ibn Ali and major pilgrimage destination for Shiite Muslims.


Kerbela

From Ottoman Turkish كربلا, from Arabic كَرْبَلَاء (Karbalāʔ) of uncertain origin.


Medina

From Arabic اَلْمَدِينَة (al-madīna, “the city”). Doublet of Mdina.

bor

اَلْمَدِينَة

Al Madinah (alternative)
Madinah (alternative)

A city, the provincial capital of Medina province, Saudi Arabia, holy to Islam, 200 miles north of Mecca along the Hejaz, from which the Hijra was launched; contains Muhammad's tomb.

A city, the county seat of Medina County, Ohio, named for the city in Saudi Arabia.


Medina

A number of places in the United States:

A tiny city in Stutsman County, North Dakota.

A small city in Gibson County, Tennessee.

A small city in King County, Washington.


Swansea

From Middle English Sweynesse (c. 1165), Sueinesea (1190), Swanesey (1322), from Old Norse Sveins ey (literally “Sveinn’s island”).


Graf

en-proper noun

Graf (countable and uncountable, plural Grafs)

* As a German and Jewish surname, from graf (“count”).
* As a Dutch surname, spelling variant of Graef.


Astrakhan

/ˈæstɹəkɑːn/

Borrowed from Russian А́страхань (Ástraxanʹ).

A city, the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast, Russia, located on the Volga River.


Berkeley

From Old English beorc (“birch”) + leah (“meadow, leigh”). Equivalent to birch + -ley (“lea”).

Barclay (alternative)
Barclift (alternative)
Barkley (alternative)

St. Louis County
St. Louis County#English

A suburban city in St. Louis County, Missouri.


Moran

* As an Irish surname, from Ó Móráin (“descendant of Mórán”), from mór (“large, great”).
* Also as an Irish surname, from Ó Moghráin, Mughróin (“descendant of Mughrón”), personal name from mogh (“slave”) + rón (“seal”). Sometimes also shortened from McMorran, of the same meaning.
* As an English surname, variant of Morrin.
* As a Spanish surname, variant of Morán.
* As a French surname, variant of Morin.
* Variant of the English and French surname Morant.

Shackelford County
Shackelford County#English

A minor city in Shackelford County, Texas.


Ashley

Ashley (countable and uncountable, plural Ashleys)

Ashleys (plural)
Ashlee (alternative)
Ashleigh (alternative)
Ashlie (alternative)
Ashly (alternative)

From Old English *Æsċlēah, composed of æsċ (“ash tree”) + lēah (“wood, clearing”). Equivalent to Ash + -ley.

Washington County
Washington County#English

A minor city in Washington County, Illinois; named for railroad official Col. L. W. Ashley.

A city, the county seat of McIntosh County, North Dakota; named for railroad official Ashley E. Morrow.


Beograd

From Serbo-Croatian Бе̏оград (Bȅograd), from Ekavian Serbo-Croatian бе̏о (“white”) + гра̑д (“city”). Doublet of Belgrade, Berat, and Belgorod.

doublet

Synonym of Belgrade, The capital of Serbia.


Kramer

en-proper noun

Kramer (countable and uncountable, plural Kramers)

→ Translingual: Krameria

Borrowed from Dutch Kramer and German Krämer.

Bottineau County
Bottineau County#English

A minor city in Bottineau County, North Dakota, United States.


BR

Abbreviation of Baton Rouge, the capital of Louisiana, Germany.


Cooper

en-prop

Cooper (countable and uncountable, plural Coopers)

A city, the county seat of Delta County, Texas.


Stuart

en-proper noun

Stuart (countable and uncountable, plural Stuarts)

Stuarts (plural)
Stewart (alternative historical)

A city, the county seat of Martin County, Florida.

A city in Lincoln Township, Adair County and Stuart Township, Guthrie County, Iowa.


Whitehall

Whitehall (countable and uncountable, plural Whitehalls)

From Middle English whit (“white”) + halgh (“corner, nook; hall”).

A city and township in Muskegon County, Michigan.

Trempealeau County
Trempealeau County#English

A city, the county seat of Trempealeau County, Wisconsin.


Duchesne

From Old French du + chesne (“oak (tree)”); French du chêne (“oak (tree)”).

A small city, the county seat of Duchesne County, Utah, United States.


Voltaire

Voltaire (countable and uncountable, plural Voltaires)

Borrowed from French Voltaire. The surname is mostly found in Haiti.

A city in McHenry County, North Dakota, United States.


Bagdad

Dated spelling of Baghdad, the capital city of Iraq


Merv

From Turkmen [Term?], from Persian مرو (Marv).

(chiefly historical) Synonym of Mary, a city in Turkmenistan noted for its former role on the Silk Road and similar trade routes.


Daugavpils

From Latvian Daugavpils, from Latvian Daugava + pils (“castle”).


Luleå

A city and municipality, the capital of Norrbotten County, in northern Sweden.


Anaheim

Borrowed from German Anaheim (literally “home of Ana”). Likely a reference to the local Santa Ana River.

bor

A city in Orange County, in southern California, United States; the home of Disneyland.


Dover

From Old English Dofras, from Latin Dubris, from Brythonic Dubras (“the waters”), from Proto-Celtic *dubros (“water”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰubrós (“dark”), from *dʰewb- (“deep”). Compare Tauber.
The village in Nova Scotia is likely named after the town in England.

A number of places in the United States:

The capital city of Delaware, and the county seat of Kent County.

A minor home rule city in Mason County, Kentucky.

A minor city in Olmsted County, Minnesota.

Strafford County
Strafford County#English

A city, the county seat of Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States.

Tuscarawas County
Tuscarawas County#English


Helen

en-proper noun

Helen (countable and uncountable, plural Helens)

→ Danish: Helen

→ Estonian: Helen

→ Hawaiian: Helena

→ Norwegian: Helen

→ Swedish: Helen

From French Hélène, from Latin Helena, from Ancient Greek Ἑλένη (Helénē). Doublet of Elaine.

Evelyn De Morgan
Helen of Troy (painting)

A place in the United States:
A minor city in White County, Georgia.


Bulle

A municipality, the capital of Gruyère district, Fribourg canton, Switzerland.


Halle

* As a German surname, variant of Hall.
* As a French surname, from the noun halle (“covered room”).
* As a Belgian and Dutch surname, from Halle, Belgium.
* As a Jewish surname, from Halle in Saxony, named after the river Saale.

Roger Federer extended his grasscourt streak to 57 matches with a victory over Marcos Baghdatis and will play Nicolas Kiefer in the semifinals of the Gerry Weber Open in Halle, Germany.

2008 June 14, The Associated Press, “Federer Extends Streak”, in The New York Times:

An independent city in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.


Kyle

Kyle (countable and uncountable, plural Kyles)

From several places in Scotland and Northern Ireland, derived from Gaelic caol (“narrows”).

A placename
A city in Texas, United States


Ceres

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Ceres.wav

Learned borrowing from Latin Cerēs, goddess of the bounty, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱer- (“to grow, to nourish”). More at create.

der

Stanislaus County
Stanislaus County#English

A city in Stanislaus County, California, United States.


Sari

A city in Iran, the seat of Sari County's Central District, and the capital of Mazandaran Province.


Harlem

(New York City): From Dutch Nieuw Haarlem (“new Haarlem”), the original name of the area under the Dutch control, after Haarlem, a city in the Netherlands.

Obsolete form of Haarlem. A city in Randstad, North Holland, Netherlands


New York City

On May 11, 1831, Alexis de Tocqueville, a young French aristocrat, disembarked in the bustling harbor of New York City. He had crossed the ocean to try to understand the implications for European civilization of the new experiment in democracy on the far side of the Atlantic.

1964, John F. Kennedy, A Nation of Immigrants, Revised and Enlarged edition, Harper & Row, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 1:

I always wanted a real home with flowers on the window sill,
But if you want to live in New York City, honey, you know I will.

1971, Carole King, Toni Stern, “Where You Lead”, in Tapestry, performed by Carole King, Ode Records:

In recent primaries, for example, nearly 4% of absentees were rejected in Philadelphia; 8% in Kentucky; and 20% in parts of New York City.

2020 September 14, Richard H. Pildes, “The three words that can avert an election nightmare”, in CNN:

Gotham

informal; coined by [[w:Washington Irving|Washington Irving]] in 1807

The largest city in the United States, situated in the state of New York at the mouth of the Hudson River on the northeastern Atlantic Coast.


Hague

A minor city in Emmons County, North Dakota, named after The Hague.


Dubrovnik

From Serbo-Croatian Ду̀бро̄внӣк (Dùbrōvnīk).

‘A week later he took me to Dubrovnik. We didn’t even have a balcony. They say it’s a beautiful city.’

2016, Ian McEwan, Nutshell, Vintage, pages 56–57:

A city and port in southern Croatia, on the Adriatic Sea.


Ava

A locale in the United States.
A city in Illinois.

A city, the county seat of Douglas County, Missouri.


Evan

A city in Minnesota, United States; named for the first postmaster's wife, Eva.


Troy

From Latin Troia, from Ancient Greek Τροία (Troía).

A number of places in the United States:

A city, the county seat of Pike County, Alabama.

A small city, the county seat of Doniphan County, Kansas.

A city, the county seat of Lincoln County, Missouri.

Rensselaer County
Rensselaer County#English

A city, the county seat of Rensselaer County, New York.

A city, the county seat of Miami County, Ohio.


Bogota

/ˌboʊɡəˈtɑː/

Alternative form of Bogotá, the capital city of Colombia.


Bogotá

/ˌboʊɡəˈtɑː/


Atlanta

Supposedly the feminine form of Atlantic.

As far as I know, Atlanta doesn’t have any famous buildings. You might even say that there are no skyscrapers. Sky reachers maybe, not sky scrapers. Regardless, the city is as enchanting as my mother’s face.

2018, Tayari Jones, An American Marriage, Oneworld Publications, page 232:

The capital and largest city of Georgia, United States and the county seat of Fulton County, Georgia.

Atlanta

capital and largest city of the State of Georgia


Adams

en-proper noun

Adams (countable and uncountable, plural Adamses)

Adamses (plural)
Addams (alternative rare)

→ Translingual: Adams

⇒ Translingual: adamsii

(fishing fly): Named after Charles Adams, who asked his friend Leonard Halladay to design the fly.

A minor city in Mower County, Minnesota.

A minor city in Walsh County, North Dakota.

A minor city in Umatilla County, Oregon.

Robertson County
Robertson County#English

A minor city in Robertson County, Tennessee.

A city and town in Adams County, Wisconsin.


Providence

en:any of many places named after Divine Providence

A number of places named after Divine Providence:

A city in Providence County, Rhode Island, the state capital and largest city.

Providence County
Providence County#English


Edgar

From Old English Ēadgār, the name of early English kings, from Old English ēad (“rich”) + gār (“spear”). Compare Icelandic Auðgeir.

A minor city and township in Clay County, Nebraska.


Leslie

From a placename in Aberdeenshire, originally Lesslyn, Scottish Gaelic lios cuileann (“garden of hollies”).

der

A minor city in Searcy County, Arkansas.

A number of places in the United States:

A township and city therein, in Ingham County, Michigan.


Constantine

From Latin Cōnstantīnus, the name of Roman emperors, notably that of Constantine the Great, Latin cōnstāns (“constant, steadfast”). Doublet of Konstadinos.

A city and province in north-east Algeria.


Cognac

From French Cognac, from Occitan Conhac, from Medieval Latin Comniacum, from the name Cominius, Cominia + Gallo-Roman suffix -acum (from Latin -ācea).

A city and commune of Charente department, region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France; famous for cognac brandy.


Clyde

The name of a river in Scotland, from the Gaelic name Cluaidh, of uncertain origin. Possibly influenced by clut (“the cleansing one”).


Hudson

en-proper noun

Hudson (countable and uncountable, plural Hudsons)

A city in Quebec, Canada, an off-island suburb of Montreal.

Black Hawk County
Black Hawk County#English

A number of settlements in the United States:

A minor city in Stafford County, Kansas.

A city in Lenawee County, Michigan; named for landowner Dr. Daniel Hudson.

A city, the county seat of Columbia County, New York; named for the river.

A city in Summit County, Ohio; named for businessman and founder David Hudson.

St. Croix County
St. Croix County#English

A city, the county seat of St. Croix County, Wisconsin; named for the river.


Ahmedabad

Borrowed from Hindustani اَحْمَد آباد (aḥmad ābād) / अहमदाबाद (ahmadābād). Named after the ruler of the Gujarat Sultanate, Ahmad Shah I (reigned 1411 - 1442). Romanized form Ahmed + -abad.


Derby

From Old English Dēorby, of Scandinavian/North Germanic origin, from Old Norse Djúra-bý (“village of the deer”), from dýr (“deer”) + bǿr (“settlement”). Influenced by British Latin Derventio, the Roman site predating Derby, and possibly also the Celtic river name Derwent.

der

A city and unitary authority of Derbyshire, in the East Midlands, England; formerly the county town.

New Haven County
New Haven County#English

A city in New Haven County, Connecticut.

Various places in the United States:
A tiny city in Lucas County, Iowa.

Various places in the United States:
A city in Sedgwick County, Kansas.


Hiroshima

/hɪ(ə)ˈɹɒʃɪmə/

/hɪ(ə)ɹəˈʃiːmə/

/hɪˈɹoʊʃɪmə/

/hɪɹoʊˈʃiːmə/

Borrowed from Japanese 広(ひろ)島(しま) (Hiroshima).

Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

A short time ago, an American airplane dropped one bomb on Hiroshima and destroyed its usefulness to the enemy.

1945 August 6, Harry S. Truman, 0:18 from the start, in VT2008-9-2 President Truman Announces Bombing of Hiroshima, Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum, National Archives Identifier: 23630, archived from the original on 2021-11-02:

This slab is where the atomic bombs that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki 75 years ago were put together. It’s the assembly point for the dawning of the atomic age.

2020 August 6, Brad Lendon, “Hiroshima after 75 years: Walking the path of the atomic bomb”, in CNN:

Kishida told the executives, including those from Micron Technology Inc (MU), Intel Corp (INTC) and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co (TSM) (TSMC), that stabilizing supply chains would be a topic of discussion at the G7 talks in the western city of Hiroshima.

2023 May 18, Reuters, “Chipmakers look to Japan as worries about China grow”, in CNN Business:

The capital city of Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan; the target of the first atomic bomb dropped in warfare on August 6, 1945.


Wagga Wagga

/ˌwɒɡə ˈwɒɡə/

Reduplication of Wiradjuri wagga (“crow”), where it pluralises the word.
Other translations have also attributed the word wagga to mean 'reeling (like a sick man or a dizzy man)' to 'dance, slide or grind'.

A city in southern New South Wales, Australia.


Nederland

Jefferson County
Jefferson County#English


Montague

en-proper noun

Montague (countable and uncountable, plural Montagues)


Wells

From Old English wella, genitive plural of well (“spring”), in reference to a residence near a group of springs. The original use of the genitive case here would've indicated origin. The -s ending of the modern form would be added later on upon reanalysis after the breakdown of the case system (outside of pronouns) that occurred in the development of English.

A small cathedral city and civil parish with a city council in Somerset, England, previously in Mendip district (OS grid ref ST5445).

Faribault County
Faribault County#English

A city in Faribault County, Minnesota; named for J. W. Wells, father-in-law of Canadian-American Minnesota politician Clark W. Thompson.

A locale in the United States:
A city in Elko County, Nevada.


Isabel

From Spanish Isabel, from Old Occitan Elisabel, from Latin Elisabeth, from Ancient Greek Ἐλισάβετ (Elisábet), from Hebrew אֱלִישֶׁבַע (Elishéva, “my God is an oath”). Doublet of Elizabeth.

der

A place name:
A place in the United States:
A minor city in Barber County, Kansas.


Solomon

en-prop

Solomon (countable and uncountable, plural Solomons)

From Latin Solomōn (variant of Salomon), from Ancient Greek Σολομών (Solomṓn), from Biblical Hebrew שְׁלֹמֹה (šĕlōmōʰ), from שָׁלוֹם (šālōm, “peace”). Doublet of Shlomo and Suleiman.

Dickinson County
Dickinson County#English

A minor city in Dickinson County and Saline County, Kansas, United States.


Gilbert

en-proper noun

Gilbert (countable and uncountable, plural Gilberts)

From Old French Gislebert, from Proto-Germanic *Gīslaberhtaz, from *gīslaz (“pledge”) + *berhtaz (“bright, famous”), from Proto-Celtic *Gēstloberxtos.

compound

A number of places in the United States:

St. Louis County
St. Louis County#English


Hugo

From Old French Hugo, of Germanic origin, from Frankish *hugi (“thought, mind, spirit”).

der

A city, the county seat of Choctaw County, Oklahoma, United States. It was named after Victor Hugo.


Bruno

en-proper noun

Bruno (countable and uncountable, plural Brunos or Brunoes)

From Italian, German etc continental European Bruno, name of medieval Italian and German saints and royalty, Latinized form of Old High German brūn (“brown”), from Proto-West Germanic *brūn. The surname is mostly borrowed from Italian Bruno. Doublet of Brown.

A placename
A city in Minnesota, United States


Raleigh

Rawley (alternative surname)
Rayleigh (alternative surname)

From Old English rā, rāha (“roe deer”) + lēah (“woodland, clearing”). Equivalent to roe + -ley (“lea”).

The capital city of North Carolina, United States and the county seat of Wake County; named for Sir Walter Raleigh.


Tooele

A city, the county seat of Tooele County, Utah, United States.


Preston

Preston (countable and uncountable, plural Prestons)

From Old English prēost (“priest”) + tūn (“settlement”). Doublet of Prestatyn.

A local government district with borough status of Lancashire, the City of Preston.

An industrial city in Lancashire, England.

A city, the county seat of Franklin County, Idaho.

A city, the county seat of Fillmore County, Minnesota.


Buda

A city in Hays County, Texas, United States.


Kyoto

Borrowed from Japanese 京(きょう)都(と) (Kyōto, literally “capital city”), from Middle Chinese 京都 (kjæng-tu, “capital (of a country)”).

der

The capital city of Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, and the country's former capital.


Bellingham

en-proper noun

Bellingham (countable and uncountable, plural Bellinghams)

Two origins:
* The suburb of London is named with the Old English personal name Bera, a byname from bera (“bear”), + -ing (“belonging to”) + hām (“homestead”).
* The village in Northumberland is named with Old English belle (“bell”), in reference to a bell-shaped hill, + -ing (“belonging to”) + hām (“homestead”)

Lac qui Parle County
Lac qui Parle County#English

A city in Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota, United States.

A city, the county seat of Whatcom County, Washington, United States.


Shawnee

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Shawnee.wav

Ultimately from Shawnee Shawanwa (“Shawnee”) or shawanoki (“southerners”), a hypothetical intermediary term is sometimes supposed to have facilitated the entry into English, such as Munsee sawanow.

Pottawatomie County
Pottawatomie County#English

A city, the county seat of Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, United States.


Conrad

A variant of German Konrad, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *Kōnirād, from *kōnī (“bold, brave”) + *rād (“counsel”). Cognate of Old English Cēnrǣd, Dutch Koenraad and Icelandic Konráð.

af

A small city in Grundy County, Iowa, United States.

A city, the county seat of Pondera County, Montana, United States.


Winchester

From Middle English Wynchester, Winchestre, from Old English Wintanċeaster, from Latin Venta Belgārum (literally “Venta of the Belgae”), perhaps ultimately from Proto-Celtic *wentā (“town, place”), Proto-Indo-European *h₁wen- (“place (?)”) + Old English ċeaster, from Latin castra (“camp”).
The bottle is named for the former customary units of the English city. The rifle is named named after American businessman Oliver Winchester (1810–1880). The computer disk is named for the rifle.

named-after

A city in and the county town of Hampshire, England.

The City of Winchester, a local government district with borough status in Hampshire.

(UK) Ellipsis of Winchester College; a prestigious public school in Winchester.

Winchester College

Any of the towns named after it, including:

A number of places in the United States:

A city, the county seat of Scott County, Illinois.

A city in White River Township, the county seat of Randolph County, Indiana.

A home rule city, the county seat of Clark County, Kentucky.

A city, the county seat of Franklin County, Tennessee.

A city, the county seat of Frederick County, Virginia.

Frederick County
Frederick County#English


Corbin

An Anglo-Norman nickname from corb (“crow”), or shortened from the Corbinian, the name of a Frankish eighth-century saint, probably from Latin corvus (“crow, raven”).

A city in Knox County and Whitley County, Kentucky, United States.


Irwin

en-proper noun

Irwin (countable and uncountable, plural Irwins)

From a medieval given name Erwin, Old English eofor (“boar”) + wine (“friend”), the latter of which is from Proto-West Germanic *wini.

Bonneville County
Bonneville County#English

A minor city in Bonneville County, Idaho.


Fredrikstad

A city and municipality of Viken, Eastern Norway, Norway.


Emerson

A city in Georgia, Bartow County, United States.


Fleming

From Middle English flameng, from late Old English Flæmingi, from Old Norse Flǽmingr, Middle Dutch Vlaminc, Vleminc, from Old Frisian (unattested) (compare West Frisian Flaming), from Proto-Germanic *flaumaz (“flowing, current (water)”) and the patronymic suffix *-ingaz (“belonging to, descended from”). More at Flanders.

der

A tiny city in Ray County, Missouri; a suburb of Kansas City.


Drammen

From Norwegian Drammen, from Old Norse Drafn, from drǫfn (“wave”).

A municipality and city in Buskerud, Norway


Mogilev

Mahilyow (alternative)
Mahiloŭ (alternative)
Mogilyov (alternative)


Ostrava

A city in the far east of the Czech Republic.


Novi Sad

The capital and largest city of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia.

نُوفِي سَاد

largest city of the Serbian province of Vojvodina


Lucas

From Latin Lucas, from Ancient Greek Λουκᾶς (Loukâs). See the Greek entry for more.


Windhoek

Borrowed from Afrikaans/Dutch Windhoek, from wind (“wind”) + hoek (“corner, angle”).


Eden

From Biblical Hebrew עֵדֶן (ʿḗḏen), perhaps from Sumerian 𒂔 (edin, “steppe, garden”).

Any of various towns and other place names.

A city and town in Jerome County, Idaho.

Rockingham County
Rockingham County#English

A city in Rockingham County, North Carolina.


Mainz

Borrowed from German Mainz, from Latin Mogontiacum, from a Celtic language.

Mayence (alternative dated)
Mentz (alternative dated)

A city, the state capital of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the River Rhine.


Virgil

From Middle English Vyrgyle, from Latin Virgilius, from the Roman clan name Vergilius, from Etruscan and of unknown meaning.

Greenwood County
Greenwood County#English

A minor city in Greenwood County, Kansas.


Gibson

en-proper noun

Gibson (countable and uncountable, plural Gibsons)

A number of places in the United States:

A small city, the county seat of Glascock County, Georgia.


Kalamazoo

Etymology of Kalamazoo
Kalamazoo, Michigan

Kalamazoo County
Kalamazoo County#English

A city, the county seat of Kalamazoo County, Michigan, United States.


Kobe

The capital and largest city of Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.


Macassar

Alternative spelling of Makassar. A city in Indonesia.


Topeka

Borrowed from Kansa tó ppí kʼé ([dopĩkʼʔə], literally “good place to dig potatoes”).

bor

Well Kansas is for the farmer
We stand behind the little man
And we need a firehouse in Topeka
So help us if you can

1968, Randy Newman, “The Beehive State”, in Randy Newman:

The capital city of Kansas, United States and the county seat of Shawnee County.


Kamas

From Russian Камасинцы (Kamasincy), Камашинцы (Kamašincy), from Kamassian кхаӈмажә (kʰaŋmažə).


Knox

Borrowed from Scottish Gaelic cnoc (“round hill”).

bor+

A city, the county seat of Starke County, Indiana, also in Center Township.

A minor city in Benson County, North Dakota.


Seneca

Seneca
Seneca language
Seneca people
Seneca the Younger

From Dutch Sennecaas, from Algonquian (probably Mahican [Term?]).

A number of places in the United States, including:

A city, the county seat of Nemaha County, Kansas


Burdett

A place in the United States:
A minor city in Pawnee County, Kansas.


Armstrong

By surface analysis, arm + strong. The rural municipality in Manitoba is named after politician James William Armstrong (1860 - 1928).

A city in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina.

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

A city in the Regional District of North Okanagan, British Columbia.

A minor city in Howard County, Missouri.


Portland

Multnomah County
Multnomah County#English

The largest city in Oregon, United States and the county seat of Multnomah County; named for the city in Maine.

Cumberland County
Cumberland County#English

The largest city in Maine, United States and the county seat of Cumberland County; named for the Isle of Portland.

Multiple smaller locales in the United States:

A city, the county seat of Jay County, Indiana; named for the city in Maine.

A city and township in Ionia County, Michigan.

A minor city in Traill County, North Dakota.

Robertson County
Robertson County#English

A city in Sumner County and Robertson County, Tennessee.

San Patricio County
San Patricio County#English

A city in San Patricio County, Texas; named for the city in Maine.

A city in Victoria; named for British politician William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland.


Vega

en-proper noun

Vega (countable and uncountable, plural Vegas)

From Spanish vega (“meadow, fertile lowland”).

bor

A small city, the county seat of Oldham County, Texas, United States.


Lund

en-proper noun

Lund (countable and uncountable, plural Lunds)

Dithmarschen
en:Lund
en:Lund (surname)
en:Lund, East Riding of Yorkshire

* As an English, German, and North Germanic surname, from Old Norse lundr (“grove”).
* Also as a German surname, from Lunden in Dithmarschen, itself possibly borrowed from Danish lund (“little forest”) or lunn (“survey”).

A city and municipality of Skåne County, in southern Sweden.


Stavanger

A city and municipality in Rogaland, Norway. It is the third largest city in Norway after Oslo and Bergen.


Trondheim

From Norwegian Trondheim, from Old Norse Þróndheimr. Doublet of Throndham and Throwendham. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *trew(H)- (“to nourish, to grow”), thus referring to the unusual warm-summer climate of this inland fjord. Compare Old English þryþ.

der

A city and municipality in Trøndelag county (formerly Sør-Trøndelag), Norway. It is the third largest city in Norway after Oslo and Bergen.


Tromsø

Troms og Finnmark
Troms og Finnmark#English

A city and municipality of Troms og Finnmark, Norway. The eighth-largest city in Norway.


Kristiansand

A city and municipality of Agder, Norway, formerly part of the county of Vest-Agder.


Kristianstad

Swedish Kristianstad, named after King Christian IV of Denmark (1577–1648). Doublet of Christiansted.

named-after

A city in north-eastern Scania, southern Sweden.


Clive

A city in Dallas County and Polk County, Iowa, United States.


Swift Current

Swift Current (disambiguation)
Swift Current Creek

In Saskatchewan, apparently named after Swift Current Creek.


Olivia

Alivia (alternative modern)
Olyvia (alternative modern)

From Latin Olīva, an early saints’ name from olīva (“olive; olive branch”). First popularized by Shakespeare's Twelfth Night.

A city, the county seat of Renville County, Minnesota, United States, named for a female station agent named Olive.


Baton Rouge

/ˌbætən ˈɹuːʒ/

[̩bʰæ.ʔn̩ ˈɹuːʒ]

From the French bâton rouge ("red stick"); so named because of a red painted pole placed on its original site by Native Americans.

East Baton Rouge Parish
East Baton Rouge Parish#English

The capital city of the state of Louisiana in the United States and the parish seat of East Baton Rouge Parish.


Medicine Hat

French: Medicine Hat

Calque of Blackfoot saamis (“eagle-feather headdress worn by medicine men”)

clq

Smith, speaking during a town hall in Medicine Hat Tuesday, said step one for the premiers was to agree to the federal government’s staggered countertariff plan targeting exports to the U.S. that Canada can easily get elsewhere.

2025 March 4, Eli J. Ridder, “Canada’s premiers taking ‘decisive action’ to eliminate internal trade barriers, Smith says”, in CHAT News Today:

Medicine Hat

Medicine Hat, Cypress County, Alberta, Canada


Anchorage

/ˈæŋ.kə.ɹɪd͡ʒ/

/ˈeɪŋ.kɹɪd͡ʒ/

A proprialization from anchorage, in reference to Captain Cook's anchoring there during his third voyage; for more, see Wikipedia at History of Anchorage, Alaska.


Oakley

From Old English Āclēa, from āc (“oak”) + lēah (“woodland clearing, glade”), thus a clearing in an oak forest; equivalent to oak + -ley (“lea”). Compare Ackley, Akeley and Oakleigh, which have the same origin.

Contra Costa County
Contra Costa County#English

A city in Contra Costa County, California.

Several places in the United States:
A small city in Cassia County, Idaho.

A small city, the county seat of Logan County, Kansas, located in Gove County, Logan County and Thomas County.

Several places in the United States:
A small city in Summit County, Utah.


Marshall

* As an English surname, from the noun marshal.
* As a French surname, variant of Mercier.
* As a German surname, variant of Marschall.

A number of places in the United States:

A minor city in Kusilvak Census Area, Alaska.

A city, the county seat of Searcy County, Arkansas.

A city, the county seat of Clark County, Illinois.

A city, the county seat of Calhoun County, Michigan.

A city, the county seat of Lyon County, Minnesota.

A city, the county seat of Saline County, Missouri.

A city, the county seat of Harrison County, Texas.


Craig

en-proper noun

Craig (countable and uncountable, plural Craigs)

Craigs (plural)
Cregg (alternative)
Craggs (alternative)

Borrowed from Scottish Gaelic creag (“rock”).

bor+

A city in Alaska; named for early settler and fishmonger Craig Miller.

A city, the county seat of Moffat County, Colorado; named for financier Rev. William Bayard Craig.

A placename
A locale in the United States.
A city in Iowa.

A city in Missouri; named for lawyer and politician James Craig.


Byron

Habitational surname from Old English byrum (“at the byre or cattleshed”).

inh

A city in Peach County, Houston County and Crawford County, Georgia.


Welch

Inherited from Middle English Welich, variant of Walsch, from Old English welisc, wīelisċ, from Proto-West Germanic *walhisk, from Proto-Germanic *walhiskaz.

Welsh (alternative)
Walsh (alternative)
Walshe (alternative)
Walch (alternative)

A city, the county seat of McDowell County, West Virginia; named for Confederate Army captain Isaiah A. Welch.


Macon

A city, the county seat of Bibb County, Georgia, United States, with which it is now consolidated as Macon-Bibb County.

A city, the county seat of Noxubee County, Mississippi, United States.

A city, the county seat of Macon County, Missouri, United States.


Sylvia

Feminine form of a Medieval form of Silvius, from Latin silva (“forest”). In myths, Rhea Silvia was the mother of famous twins Romulus and Remus, the founders of Rome. 6th-century saint Silvia was the mother of the pope Gregory the Great.

A minor city in Reno County, Kansas, United States.


Mâcon

Borrowed from French Mâcon, from earlier Mascon and Medieval Latin Masconis, a syncopated form of Madasconis and Matisco, probably from Gaulish matus (“bear”) (from Proto-Celtic *matus, commonly understood as a euphemistic derivation from *matis (“good”)), and a suffix equivalent to -iscus (“-ish: forming adjectives”).

It was not until after the waiter came with the bill that Scott decided that we have the hotel make us a picnic lunch. I tried to argue him out of this as I was sure we could get a bottle of Mâcon in Mâcon and we could buy something to make sandwiches in a charcuterie.

1964, Ernest Hemingway, A Moveable Feast, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 153:

A city and commune, the prefecture of Saône-et-Loire department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France.


Gaza

From Latin Gaza, from Ancient Greek Γάζα (Gáza), from the Biblical Hebrew עַזָּה (Ġazzā).

A city in the Gaza Strip, Palestine, in the Levant.


Rutledge

A number of places in the United States, named for bearers of the surname:


Sidon

From Latin Sidon and Ancient Greek Σιδών (Sidṓn), from Phoenician 𐤑𐤉𐤃𐤅𐤍 (ṣydwn).

(chiefly historical) Former name of Saïda, a city in Lebanon, a former city-state in Phoenicia.

صَيْدَا

city state of Phoenicia — see also Saïda


Winston

From Old English personal name Wine, in the genitive singular case Wines + tūn (“farm, village”).

A city in Douglas County, Oregon, United States.


Nazareth

Via Latin Nāzareth and Koine Greek Νᾱζᾰρέθ (Nāzăréth) from Hebrew נָצְרַת (nāṣraṯ), of uncertain origin.


Córdoba

Unadapted borrowing from Spanish Córdoba, from Arabic قُرْطُبَة (Qurṭuba), from Latin Corduba, from Phoenician 𐤒𐤓𐤕𐤉𐤅𐤁𐤏𐤉 (qrtywbʿy or Qartuba), from 𐤒𐤓𐤕 (qrt or qart, “city”) + 𐤉𐤅𐤁𐤏𐤉 (ywbʿy, “Juba”) after the Numidian king Juba I. As South American locations, named after the Spanish city.

der

Cordoba (alternative)
Cordova (alternative)

The capital of the province of Córdoba, Andalusia, Spain.

The capital of the province of Córdoba, in central Argentina.

A city and municipality of Veracruz, Mexico.


City of London

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Rho9998-City of London.wav

Mayor and Commonalty and Citizens of the City of London

The local authority and city which is part of Greater London.


Delia

From the Ancient Greek Δήλῐᾰ (Dḗlĭă), epithet of the goddess Artemis, referring to her birth on the island of Delos.


Clayton's

A city in Contra Costa, California, United States; Former name of Clayton.


Shreveport

A city, the parish seat of Caddo Parish, Louisiana, United States.

シュリーブポート

a city in the state of Louisiana, America


Mesquite

A city in Dallas County and Kaufman County, Texas; a suburb of Dallas.


Butte

en-proper noun

Butte (countable and uncountable, plural Buttes)

Silver Bow County
Silver Bow County#English

A city, the county seat of Silver Bow County, Montana, United States, with which it is a consolidated city-county known as Butte-Silver Bow.

A city and village in McLean County, North Dakota, United States.


Columbus

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Columbus.wav

From Latin columbus (“a dove”). Doublet of Colombo. The verb is a reference to the Italian explorer.

Any of various cities, towns and villages in the United States:

The capital city of Ohio, and the county seat of Franklin County.

A city, the county seat of Muscogee County, Georgia, with which it is consolidated.

Bartholomew County
Bartholomew County#English

A city, the county seat of Bartholomew County, Indiana.

A city, the county seat of Cherokee County, Kansas.

A tiny home rule city in Hickman County, Kentucky.

A small city in Anoka County, Minnesota, previously a township.

A city, the county seat of Lowndes County, Mississippi.

A city, the county seat of Platte County, Nebraska.

A tiny city in Burke County, North Dakota.

A small city, the county seat of Colorado County, Texas.

A small city in Columbia County and Dodge County, Wisconsin.


Bradford

* Various place names in England, from Old English brād (“broad”) + ford (“ford”).
* (shaken martini)

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

A city and metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire.

A large number of places in the United States:

A city and township in McKean County, Pennsylvania.


Brighton

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Brighton.wav

(place): From Old English Beorthelmstone (“Beorthelm's farm”)
: (surname): From Breighton in Yorkshire.

der

Sarah Harvey, an NHS worker from Brighton, was also told by Vodafone that she had to pay a £5,800 bill run up after she was hit on the head by a cyclist, again in Barcelona this summer.

2014 November 22, Miles Brignall, “Victory against Vodafone for schoolteacher billed £15,000”, in The Guardian:

A placename:
A coastal city in East Sussex, England.

A number of places in the United States:

Jefferson County
Jefferson County#English

A city, the county seat of Adams County, Colorado, United States.

A minor city in Washington County, Iowa.

Washington County
Washington County#English

Livingston County
Livingston County#English


Cody

Cuddihy (alternative)
Cuddy (alternative)
Coady (alternative)
Codie (alternative)
Coty (alternative)
Kody (alternative)
Kodey (alternative)

A city, the county seat of Park County, Wyoming; named for American showman William Frederick Cody (Buffalo Bill).


Holton

en-proper noun

Holton (countable and uncountable, plural Holtons)

The first element has a wide variety of possible origins, among which Old English hōh (“promontory, hill-spur”), healh (“corner, nook”), holh (“hollow, depression”) or holt (“small wood”). The second element is tūn (“enclosure; settlement”).

der

A city, the county seat of Jackson County, Kansas.


Muskogee

A city, the county seat of Muskogee County, Oklahoma, United States.


Jena

An independent city in Thuringia, Germany.


Choctaw

/ˈt͡ʃɒk.tɔː/

/ˈt͡ʃɒk.ʈɒ(ː)/

A city in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma; a suburb of Oklahoma City.


Dunedin

Borrowed from Scottish Gaelic Dùn Èideann (“Edinburgh”), from Old Welsh Din Eidyn.

bor

A city in Otago, South Island, New Zealand.

A city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States.


Prichard

A place in the United States:
A city in Mobile County, Alabama.


Gloucester

Domesday Book
Gloucester
Gloucester (disambiguation)

Inherited from Middle English Glowchestre, from Old English Glēawċeaster, Glēaweċeaster, Glēawan ċeaster, from Latin Glēvum + Old English ċeaster. Recorded in the Domesday Book as Glowecestre.

inh+

Gloster (alternative obsolete)
Glos'ter (alternative obsolete)

A cathedral city and local government district of Gloucestershire, England, on the river Severn, near the border with Wales.


Caledonia

/kælɪˈdəʊnɪə/

A place named after the Latin name of Scotland.

A city, the county seat of Houston County, Minnesota.


Weymouth

In England, from Wey + mouth, referring to that river's mouth. The village in Nova Scotia is named after the city in Massachusetts.

A city in Norfolk County, Massachusetts.


Portsmouth

Portuguese: Portsmouth

From Middle English Portesmuða, from Old English Portesmuða.

When ready for sea we went up to Greenhithe, that their lordships might inspect us, and then to Portsmouth, to take troops to Cork, a pleasant trip; […]

1892, Sir George Giffard, Reminiscences of a Naval Officer, page 45:

A city, unitary authority, and borough of Hampshire, in southern England.

Rockingham County
Rockingham County#English

A city in Rockingham County, New Hampshire.

A number of places in the United States:

A city, the county seat of Scioto County, Ohio.

An independent city in south-east Virginia.


Exeter

From Old English Ex (“the river Exe”) + ċeaster (“town”), 'the Roman city of Isca'.

A city and local government district, the county town of Devon, in south-west England.


Southampton

From Old English Sūþhāmtūn. The Domesday Book (1086) records the town as Hantone and Hantune.

Standing in the dock at Southampton
Trying to get to Holland or France

1969, The Beatles, The Ballad of John and Yoko:

And it's not just freight that arrives here. I notice several massive passenger liners, looking more like floating blocks of flats rather than the elegant ships from the days when 'POSH' was coined. The arrival of just one of these behemoths can swamp Southampton station with passengers and luggage, but not today.

2024 November 13, Paul Bigland, “Much to admire... but pockets of neglect”, in RAIL, number 1022, page 50:


Dorchester

Dorchester
Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester

Ultimately from Celtic *Durno-wāriā (Latin Durnovāria) + Old English ċeaster (“fort, Roman town”).
The civil parish in New Brunswick and Ontario town are named in honour of colonial administrator Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester (1724 - 1808).


Chichester

/ˈt͡ʃɪt͡ʃɪstə/

Chichester
Chichester (disambiguation)
Cissa of Sussex

Reputedly from Old English personal name Cissa + ceaster (“fort, manor, town”). Otherwise the first element could come from Old English *ċisse (“a gravelly place”).

A cathedral city and civil parish in West Sussex, England (OS grid ref SU8504).


Timbuktu

Timbuctoo (alternative)
Timbouctou (alternative)
Timbuctu (alternative)
Timbuktoo (alternative)


Forbes

Fawbush (alternative)
Fobbs (alternative)
Forbus (alternative)
Forbush (alternative)
Furbush (alternative)

A minor city in Dickey County, North Dakota, United States.


Montréal

Alternative spelling of Montreal: an island on which is situated the largest city in Quebec, Canada.


Ariel

General American, Mary–marry–merry merger

Alexander Pope
Ariel
John Herschel
The Rape of the Lock
The Tempest
William Lassell
William Shakespeare

From Biblical Hebrew אֲרִיאֵל (ari'él, a compound of אֲרִי (arí, “lion”) + אֵל (él, “God”), literally “lion of God”).
* (moon of Uranus): All of Uranus’s moons are named after characters created by William Shakespeare or Alexander Pope. The names of all four satellites of Uranus then known were suggested by John Herschel in 1852 at the request of William Lassell, though it is uncertain if Herschel devised the names, or if Lassell did so and then sought Herschel’s permission. Ariel is the name of the leading sylph in Pope’s The Rape of the Lock and also the spirit who serves Prospero in Shakespeare’s The Tempest.

bor

Woe to Ariel, to Ariel, the city where David dwelt! add ye year to year; let them kill sacrifices.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Isaiah 29:1:

(biblical) A name for the city of Jerusalem, the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of modern Israel, and the claimed capital city of modern Palestine.

An Israeli settlement and city in the central West Bank.


Thompson

en-prop

Thompson (countable and uncountable, plural Thompsons)

Thompsons (plural)
Tompson (alternative)
Tomson (alternative)
Thomson (alternative)
Thomason (alternative)
Thomasson (alternative)

Variant of Thomson, from Tom + -son, originally meaning "son of Thomas". In some instances of people so named, a calque of Scottish Gaelic MacTamhais (“McTavish”); also an anglicisation of the Gaelic name MacTamhais, meaning "son of Thomas".

calque

A placename:
A city in Northern Manitoba, Canada.

Winnebago County
Winnebago County#English

Grand Forks County
Grand Forks County#English

A city in Grand Forks County, North Dakota.


Thomson

en-proper noun

Thomson (countable and uncountable, plural Thomsons)

Thomsons (plural)
Tomson (alternative)
Thompson (alternative)
Tompson (alternative)
Thomason (alternative)
Thomasson (alternative)

From Tom + -son, originally meaning "son of Thomas". In some instances of people so named, a Calque of Scottish Gaelic MacTamhais (“MacTavish”). Also an anglicisation of the Gaelic name MacTamhais, meaning "son of Thomas". Many with the name MacTavish changed their name to Thomson and Thompson after Culloden. Being derived from Thomas ultimately gives this surname an Aramaic derivation - teoma 'twin'.

calque

A city, the county seat of McDuffie County, Georgia.


Ivanhoe

/ˈaɪvənˌhəʊ/

/ˈɑɪvənˌhəʉ/

A name invented by Scott, possibly inspired by the village Ivinghoe.

A small city, the county seat of Lincoln County, Minnesota, United States.


Garrett

A medieval English and Irish form of the Germanic given names Gerard and Gerald. Of Old High German origin.


Ingram

From a Middle English given name, from Proto-Germanic *Ingwaz (“a Germanic god”) + *hrabnaz (“raven”). The places are named after persons with the surname.

der

Inghram (alternative)
Ingrum (alternative)

A place in the United States:
A city in Kerr County, Texas.


Evans

en-proper noun

Evans (countable and uncountable, plural Evanses or Evans)

Evanses (plural)
Evans (plural)
Avans (alternative)

A city (home rule municipality) in Weld County, Colorado.


Beverly Hills

Los Angeles County
Los Angeles County#English

A city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, known for its many celebrity residents.


Sherman

/ˈʃɜː(ɹ)mən/

Sense 1: From Middle English schereman, scherman; equivalent to shear + -man.

United States of America
United States of America

Any of a number of places in the United States of America:

A city, the county seat of Grayson County, Texas.


Roberts

en-prop

Roberts (countable and uncountable, plural Robertses)

Robertses (plural)
Robards (alternative)

A number of places in the United States:

A minor city in Jefferson County, Idaho.


Harris

en-proper noun

Harris (countable and uncountable, plural Harrises)

From Harry + -s (“patronymic suffix”). From Harry, a male given name derived from a Middle English pronunciation of Old French Henri.

A minor city in Sullivan County, Missouri.


Harrison

Harrison (countable and uncountable, plural Harrisons)

A city, the county seat of Boone County, Arkansas.

A city, the county seat of Clare County, Michigan.


Phillips

en-prop

Phillips (countable and uncountable, plural Phillipses)

Phillipses (plural)
Philips (alternative)
Philipps (alternative)

A city, the county seat of Price County, Wisconsin.


Parker

en-proper noun

Parker (countable and uncountable, plural Parkers)

Armstrong County
Armstrong County#English

A small city in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania.

A city, the county seat of Turner County, South Dakota.


Bennett

en-prop

Bennett (countable and uncountable, plural Bennetts)

Bennetts (plural)
Benett (alternative)
Bennet (alternative)


Griffith

en-proper noun

Griffith (countable and uncountable, plural Griffiths)

A city and local government area in the Riverina, New South Wales, Australia.


Wainwright

From Old English wægnwyrhta, equivalent to wain (“large wagon for farm use”) + wright (“worker; maker”).
The Canadian town is named after William Wainwright, the second vice-president of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway along which the town was built.

North Slope Borough
North Slope Borough#English

A minor city in North Slope Borough, Alaska.


Wheelwright

A home rule-class city in Floyd County, Kentucky, United States.


Fremantle

Fremantle (countable and uncountable, plural Fremantles)

The surname is a variant of Freemantle. The Australian seaport is named after Captain (later Admiral) Charles Howe Fremantle, who pronounced British possession of Western Australia and established a camp at the site of the now port.

Western Australia
Western Australia#English

A major port city and suburb of Perth, Western Australia.


Mitchell

en-prop

Mitchell (countable and uncountable, plural Mitchells)

Mitchells (plural)
Mitchel (alternative)
Matsell (alternative)

Translingual: markmitchelli

From a Middle English vernacular form of the Old French given name Michel (“Michael”), or in some cases from a Middle English nickname muchel (“big”).

A placename; Any of a number of places in the English-speaking world, named after persons with the surname:

A city, the county seat of Davison County, South Dakota.


Poltava

Borrowed from Ukrainian Полта́ва (Poltáva).

bor+

Poltava Oblast
Poltava Raion
en:Poltava (disambiguation)

A city, the administrative centre of Poltava Raion, Poltava Oblast, Ukraine.


Richardson

en-proper noun

Richardson (countable and uncountable, plural Richardsons)

/ˈɹɪt͡ʃɚdsən/

A city in Dallas County and Collin County, Texas; an affluent inner suburb of Dallas.


Collins

en-prop

Collins (countable and uncountable, plural Collinses)

Collinses (plural)
Collin (alternative)
Colin (alternative)
Collings (alternative)
Colling (alternative)
Collis (alternative)
Colins (alternative)
Collen (alternative)
Cullan (alternative)

* As an English surname, variant of Colin.
* As an Irish and Manx surname, from Ó Coileáin, see Cullen, McQuillan, and McCallion.
* As a French surname, Americanized from Collin and Colette.
* As a Slovene surname, Americanized from Kolenc, from koleno (“knee”) and the obsolete kolenc (“nipplewort”).

Covington County
Covington County#English

A city, the county seat of Covington County, Mississippi; named for Mississippi statesman Fred W. Collins.

A city in Georgia; named for early settler Perry Collins.

A locale in the United States.
A city in Iowa.


Calgary

From Scottish Gaelic cala (“harbor”) + ghearraidh, genitive of gearraidh (“pasture”) (compare Old Norse garðr (“courtyard, enclosed space”)). The Canadian city was named after the village on Mull, Scotland.


Miller

en-prop

Miller (countable and uncountable, plural Millers)

French: Miller

Translingual: Mill.

English surname, capitalization of miller. Doublet of Muller. Also compare Milner, Millward, Müller, Mueller, Mulder, Molenaar, Muenier, Molinaro, Molinero, Molnár, Mlinar, Mlynarczyk.

A number of places in the United States:

A minor city in Lawrence County, Missouri.

A small city, the county seat of Hand County, South Dakota.


Murphy

From Irish Ó Murchadha (“descendant of Murrough”), Mac Murchaidh (“Son of Murrough”), etc. See Muircath.


Simpson

en-proper noun

Simpson (countable and uncountable, plural Simpsons)

From Middle English Sympson, equivalent to Sim, the short form of Simon, + -son.

A minor city in Cloud County and Mitchell County, Kansas.


Anderson

en-prop

Anderson (countable and uncountable, plural Andersons)

Andersons (plural)
Andison (alternative)

From Middle English Ander (“Andrew”) + -son, after Saint Andrew, patron saint of Scotland. In the United States, sometimes an anglicization of Danish and Norwegian Andersen or Swedish Andersson.

A city in Denali Borough, Alaska; named for homesteader Arthur Anderson.

A city in Shasta County, California; named for landowner Elias Anderson.

A city, the county seat of Madison County, Indiana; named for Lenape Chief William Anderson.

A city in McDonald County, Missouri; named for local merchant Robert Anderson.

A city, the county seat of Anderson County, South Carolina; named for Revolutionary War officer Robert Anderson.


Ellis

Ellis (countable and uncountable, plural Ellises)

* As an English surname, from the Middle English personal name Elis, an Old French form of Elias. Compare Elijah, Lias, Ely. Also sometimes from the Elice, a pet form of Elizabeth.
* As a Welsh surname, shortened from the personal name Elisse, Elisedd, from the archaic elus (“benevolent, kind”).

A city in Ellis County, Kansas; named for American Civil War veteran George Ellis.


Powell

en-proper noun

Powell (countable and uncountable, plural Powells)

The anglicized form of Welsh ap Hywel (“son of Hywel”). Related to Howell and Huell. Sometimes also associated with Paul by folk etymology.


Chapman

From Middle English chapman, chepman, meaning merchant or trader; equivalent to cheap (noun) + man. Doublet of Kaufman and Koopman.

Dickinson County
Dickinson County#English

A number of places in the United States.


Rogers

Rogers (countable and uncountable, plural Rogerses)

From Roger + -'s, equivalent to Rogerson. Doublet of Rutgers.

A minor city and township in Barnes County, North Dakota.


Stanford

Leland Stanford
Stanford (disambiguation)
Stanford University

Various placenames from Old English stān (“stone”) + ford (“ford”).
* (The university): Named after the son of railroad magnate Leland Stanford.

A home rule city, the county seat of Lincoln County, Kentucky.


Paola

Paola (countable and uncountable, plural Paolas)

A city, the county seat of Miami County, Kansas, United States, named after the town in Calabria.


Clare

The anglicized spelling of Irish Clár, from Old Irish clár (“plank, board”), from Proto-Celtic *klāros, *klārom (“table”).

A number of places in the United States, likely to be named after County Clare:

A minor city in Webster County, Iowa; after County Clare.

A city mostly in Clare County, Michigan; after its county and County Clare.


Huntington

Huntington (countable and uncountable, plural Huntingtons)

The name of many places around the world:

A small city in Sebastian County, Arkansas.

Sebastian County
Sebastian County#English

A city, the county seat of Huntington County, Indiana.

Huntington County
Huntington County#English

A city, the county seat of Cabell County, West Virginia, named for Collis P. Huntington


Turnhout

A city and municipality in Antwerp province, Belgium.


Karachi

/kəˈrɑːt͡ʃi/

From Urdu کراچی (karācī) and Sindhi ڪراچي (karācī), from earlier کولاچی (kolācī), named after Mai Kolachi.

Karachi, colourful buses, colourless buildings, graffitied walls, billboards advertising mobile phones and soft drinks and ice cream, birds circling in the white-hot sky.

2017, Kamila Shamsie, Home Fire, Bloomsbury (2018), page 208:

The largest city in Pakistan situated along the Arabian Sea, as well as the provincial capital of Sindh Province.

كَرَاتْشِي

the capital of the province of Sindh, Pakistan


Chandler

Candler (alternative)
Chander (alternative)

/ˈt͡ʃændləɹ/

A city in Maricopa County, Arizona; named for early settler Dr. Alexander John Chandler.

A city, the county seat of Lincoln County, Oklahoma, United States, named for Judge George Chandler.

Henderson County
Henderson County#English

A city in Henderson County, Texas; named for early settler Alphonso H. Chandler.


Aalborg

A port city, the capital of North Jutland, Denmark; the fourth-largest city in Denmark.


Aarhus

A city and port in Denmark, in East Jutland; the second-largest city in Denmark.


Amarillo

Borrowed from Spanish amarillo (“yellow, golden”).

A city, the county seat of Potter County, in the northwest plains of Texas, United States


Philly

First syllable of Philadelphia or Philippa + -y.

A diminutive of the female given name Philippa.


Bethany

Bethany (disambiguation)
Bethany#Bethany
en:Bethany

From Ancient Greek Βηθανία (Bēthanía), from Aramaic בית עניא (beth anya, “house of wretchedness”). This etymology is highly disputed; see Bethany.

der

A city, the county seat of Harrison County, Missouri, United States.


Titusville

A city, the county seat of Brevard County, Florida, named after Henry T. Titus.

A city in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, named after Jonathan Titus.


Matthews

en-proper noun

Matthews (countable and uncountable, plural Matthewses)

New Madrid County
New Madrid County#English

A number of places in the United States:

A minor city in New Madrid County, Missouri.


Palmer

Palmer (countable and uncountable, plural Palmers)

From Middle English palmer (“a pilgrim from the Holy Land”), from Old French.

der

Matanuska-Susitna Borough
Matanuska-Susitna Borough#English

A city, the borough seat of Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska.

Pocahontas County
Pocahontas County#English

A minor city in Pocahontas County, Iowa.

Washington County
Washington County#English

A minor city in Washington County, Kansas.

A city in Hampden County, Massachusetts.


Hamm

* As an English and German surname, from hamm (“enclosure, land by a stream”).
* Also as a German surname, from Hamm in Westphalia, itself from a Low German derivative of Proto-Germanic *hammō (“corner, hollow, bend”), used in the sense "river bend," similar to Hamburg.

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

A city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.


Maxwell

From an earlier form Mackeswell, meaning "Mack's well or spring", from Old English welle (“well”).


Cameron

en-proper noun

Cameron (countable and uncountable, plural Camerons)

Camerons (plural)
Kameron (alternative)
Camron (alternative)
Camryn (alternative)
Kamryn (alternative)

From Scottish Gaelic Camshròn, from cam (“crooked, bent”) + sròn (“nose”). Compare Campbell, from Scottish Gaelic cam (“crooked”) + beul (“mouth”).

A city in Missouri; named for early settler Malinda Cameron.

A city, the county seat of Milam County, Texas; named for Republic of Texas army officer Ewen Cameron.

A city in West Virginia; named for railroad worker Samuel Cameron.


Cardiff

From Middle Welsh Caerdyf, equivalent to Welsh caer (“fort”) + Taf (“(River) Taff”) = fortified city on the River Taff. Compare Welsh Caerdydd.

A city and county, the capital and largest city of Wales.


Brandon

From Middle English Brandon, Brampdon, Bramdun, Bremedon, Bromdun, from Old English brōmdūn, from brōm (“broom shrub”) + dūn (“hill, dune”). Doublet of English Branton.

A minor city and township in Douglas County, Minnesota.

A city, the county seat of Rankin County, Mississippi.

Minnehaha County
Minnehaha County#English

A city and township in Minnehaha County, South Dakota.


Elliott

Elliott (countable and uncountable, plural Elliotts)

Elliotts (plural)
Eliot (alternative)
Elliot (alternative)
Eliott (alternative)

French: Éliot, Éliott, Élliot, Élliott

Swedish: Elliot

English surname derived from a Middle English diminutive of Elie, Old French form of Elias or Elijah, meaning "my God is Yahweh". As a Scottish surname it may also represent Gaelic Elloch from a word meaning a dam or bank.

A placename
A city in Iowa, United States

A placename
A city in North Dakota, United States


Thebes

From Ancient Greek Θῆβαι (Thêbai), from two different sources. The name of the Greek city is further derived from Ionic-Attic Θήβη (Thḗbē), from Mycenaean Greek 𐀳𐀣 (te-qa /Tʰēgʷā/), from Proto-Hellenic *Tʰēgʷā, while the name of the Egyptian city is from Egyptian Demotic tꜣ-jpy (“Thebes”, literally “the temple”), from earlier Egyptian tꜣ (“the”) + i-p:t-O45 (jpt, “Luxor”, literally “inner sanctum”).

der

A city in central Greece, the capital city of Boeotia and an important political centre in antiquity.


Zaporozhye

Borrowed from Russian Запоро́жье (Zaporóžʹje), the Russian form of Ukrainian Запорі́жжя (Zaporížžja).

Zaporozhe (alternative)
Zaporozhie (alternative)

Alternative form of Zaporizhia, a city, the administrative center of Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine.


Benghazi

From Ottoman Turkish بنغازی (Bingâzi) and Arabic بِنْغَازِي (Binḡāzī), apparently from earlier مرسى بني غازي (“port of ibn Ghazi”) first attested on a 1579 map by Ali al-Sharfi. Possibly a reference to a Muslim holy man Sidi ibn Ghazi. "Ibn Ghazi" itself can literally be translated as "son of the ghazi (warrior)".

uder

Arabic بِنْغَازِي (Binḡāzī)

Their frustration has surfaced in protests in several Libyan cities over the last few days, most notably in Benghazi, the seat of the revolution, where Libyans stormed the National Transitional Council building.

2012 January 26, Moni Basu, “Libyans face tough challenges in building a new nation”, in CNN:


Clifton

en-proper noun

Clifton (countable and uncountable, plural Cliftons)

Cliftons (plural)
Cliffton (alternative)

*Literally meaning "town by a cliff." From Old English clif (“cliff”) + tūn (“town”). Analyzable as cliff + -ton.
*In Oregon County, Missouri, from Cliff + -ton. From being named after a Cliff, or which may be clipped to Clif.

A placename
A locale in the United States:
A city in Idaho.

A city in Kansas; named for a surveyor who platted the city.

A placename
A locale in the United States:
A city in New Jersey.

A placename
A locale in the United States:
A city in Tennessee.

A city in Bosque County, Texas; named for nearby cliffs and originally named Cliff Town.


Morrison

From the given name Maurice or Morris + -son.

Whiteside County
Whiteside County#English

A number of places in the United States:

A city, the county seat of Whiteside County, Illinois.

Gasconade County
Gasconade County#English

A small city in Gasconade County, Missouri.


Anthea

From Ancient Greek ἄνθη (ánthē, “blossom”).

(historical) Former name of Aydin, a city in southwestern Turkey.


Crawford

en-prop

Crawford (countable and uncountable, plural Crawfords)

Crawfords (plural)
Craufurd (alternative)

From Old English crāwe (“crow”) + ford (“ford”).

Oglethorpe County
Oglethorpe County#English

A minor city in Oglethorpe County, Georgia.


Barney

en-proper noun

Barney (countable and uncountable, plural Barneys)

From either the Old English personal name Bera (genitive singular Beran) or from Old English beren (“growing with barley”) + īeġ (“island”).

inh

A minor city in Richland County, North Dakota.


Roland

From Old French, from Frankish *Hrōþiland (literally “fame-land”). Name of a paladin of Charlemagne in medieval French romance. Doublet of Orlando.

der

Chanson de Roland
Roland (disambiguation)


Coronado

/ˌkɒɹəˈnɑːdəʊ/

Borrowed from Spanish coronado (“crowned”).

San Diego County
San Diego County#English

A city in San Diego County, California, United States.


San Diego

From Spanish San Diego (literally “Saint Didacus”). Diego is a name on itself not a diminutive of anything as previously identified here as: Santiago (“Saint James”).

bor

A city, the county seat of San Diego County, California, United States.

A city, the county seat of Duval County, Texas, United States.


Lancaster

From Middle English Lancaster, Loncastre, the name of the Roman fort on the River Lune, from Lune + the Old English suffix ceaster (“town”), found in many placenames.

The City of Lancaster, a city and local government district with borough status (and city status) in Lancashire in North West England. Its main settlement is Lancaster, from which it obtained its city status. (OS grid ref SD4761).

Several places in the United States:
A tiny city in Atchison County, Kansas.

A small city, the county seat of Garrard County, Kentucky.

A tiny city in Kittson County, Minnesota.

A small city, the county seat of Schuyler County, Missouri.

Fairfield County
Fairfield County#English

A city, the county seat of Fairfield County, Ohio.

Lancaster County
Lancaster County#English

A city, the county seat of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.

A city, the county seat of Lancaster County, South Carolina.

Several places in the United States:
A city in Dallas County, Texas.

A city, the county seat of Grant County, Wisconsin.


Campbell

* As a Scottish surname, from Scottish Gaelic Caimbeul, from cam (“crooked”) + beul (“mouth”). Compare Cameron, from Scottish Gaelic cam (“crooked”) + sròn (“nose”).
* As an Irish surname, from Mac Cathmhaoil (“son of Cathmhaol”), see Caulfield, Cowell.
* As an English surname, variant of Camel, probably influenced by the above.
* (duck breed): Developed by Adele Campbell.

Santa Clara County
Santa Clara County#English

A number of places in the United States:

A city in Santa Clara County, California.

A minor city in Wilkin County, Minnesota.


Barnes

en-proper noun

Barnes (countable and uncountable, plural Barneses)

* As an English surname, from the place on the bank of the Thames, derived from the root of the noun barn.
* Also as an English surname, variant of Barne, from both a Middle English personal name from Old Norse Bjǫrn and Old English Beorn, and from the noun barn (“child”). Semantically compare Child.
* As an Irish surname, Anglicized from Ó Bearáin (literally “descendant of Bearán”), a byname from bior (“spear”).
* As a French surname, variant of Bernes, from a short form of a Germanic name derived from Frankish *berō (“bear”), similar to Bernhard.
* As a Jewish surname, variant of Parnes, from Yiddish פּרנס (prns), from Hebrew פַּרְנָס (“leader of a Jewish community, provider”).

der

A minor city in Washington County, Kansas, United States.


Celeste

Borrowed from French Céleste, ultimately from Latin caelestis (“heavenly”).

A minor city in Hunt County, Texas, United States.


Chester

en-proper noun

Chester (countable and uncountable, plural Chesters)

From Middle English Chestre, from Old English Ċeaster, from ceaster, a borrowing from Latin castra (“camp”).
The village in Nova Scotia is likely named after the city in Pennsylvania.

A city, the county town of Cheshire, in northwest England.

A city, the county seat of Randolph County, Illinois.

A placename.
A locale in the United States:
A minor city in Howard County, Iowa.

A city in Delaware County, Pennsylvania.

A small rural city, the county seat of Chester County, South Carolina.

A city in Hancock County, West Virginia.


Leghorn

From Old Italian Legorno, from Latin Liburnus, from Liburnī, name of the ancient population of Liburnians. Doublet of Livorno.

Leghorn was the nearest port of consequence, […] the most likely of any in Italy to assist their plan. (III, ix)

1794, Ann Radcliffe, Mysteries of Udolpho:


Bordeaux

From French Bordeaux (Middle French Bordeaulx), from Occitan Bordèu, from Old Occitan Bordel, from Latin Burdigala, from a Proto-Celtic root.

The capital city of Gironde department, France; the capital city of the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine.


Jenkins

/ˈd͡ʒɛŋkɪnz/

A patronymic surname that is derived from the male given name John + -kin (which forms diminutive )+ -s (denoting "son of") hence meaning "son of little John". It was originally an offshoot of the male medieval name Jenkin/Jankin. The name was brought from the crusaders; it originated in Cornwall but became popular in England and Wales.


Dixon

Dixon (countable and uncountable, plural Dixons)

A city, the county seat of Lee County, Illinois.

A small home rule city, the county seat of Webster County, Kentucky.


Fisher

Fisher (countable and uncountable, plural Fishers)

From fisher (“fisherman”). Doublet of Fisker.

漁 /渔

Equivalent surnames of "fisher" in other languages

A minor city in Poinsett County, Arkansas.


Trent

(less common form) Trento, A city in Italy


Gotham

Salmagundi (periodical)
Washington Irving

“Homestead where goats are kept”, from Old English gāt (“goat”) + hām (“home”).
* (New York City nickname): First used 1807 by Washington Irving in his Salmagundi Papers.

Naturally sweetened desserts—delicious ones—have several hiding places in Gotham, and the Upper East Side's Candle Café is among the best.

2010, Jared Koch, Alex Van Buren, Clean Plates Manhattan 2011 […] , page 99:


Jefferson

Jefferson (countable and uncountable, plural Jeffersons)

/ˈd͡ʒɛfɚsən/

From Jeffrey + -son. The placenames in the United States are named for Thomas Jefferson.

A city, the county seat of Jackson County, Georgia.

A city, the county seat of Greene County, Iowa.

A place in the United States:
A city in Marion County, Oregon.

A minor city in Union County, South Dakota.

A city, the county seat of Marion County, Texas.

Jefferson County
Jefferson County#English

A city, the county seat of Jefferson County, Wisconsin.


Kimberly

Kimberly (countable and uncountable, plural Kimberlys)

Any of several places in the US named for persons with the surname:

Twin Falls County
Twin Falls County#English


Minsk

From Russian Минск (Minsk) or Belarusian Мінск (Minsk).

Мѣнскъ

forms with ѣ replaced with е also recorded in later periods


Port Moresby

Named after British admiral Fairfax Moresby by his son and the city's explorer Captain John Moresby.

named-after

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English


Honiara

/ˌhəʊnɪˈɑːɹə/

The capital city of the Solomon Islands.


Ho Chi Minh City

Calque of Vietnamese Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Named after Vietnamese communist revolutionary Ho Chi Minh.

named-after

HCMC (alternative initialism)
Hồ Chí Minh City (alternative)

ព្រៃនគរ

prɨy nɔɔnɔkɔɔ

An Giang · Bà Rịa - Vũng Tàu · Bắc Giang · Bắc Kạn · Bạc Liêu · Bắc Ninh · Bến Tre · Bình Định · Bình Dương · Bình Phước · Bình Thuận · Cà Mau · Cao Bằng · Đắk Lắk · Đắk Nông · Điện Biên · Đồng Nai · Đồng Tháp · Gia Lai · Hà Giang · Hà Nam · Hà Tĩnh · Hải Dương · Hậu Giang · Hoà Bình · Hưng Yên · Khánh Hoà · Kiên Giang · Kon Tum · Lai Châu · Lâm Đồng · Lạng Sơn · Lào Cai · Long An · Nam Định · Nghệ An · Ninh Bình · Ninh Thuận · Phú Thọ · Phú Yên · Quảng Bình · Quảng Nam · Quảng Ngãi · Quảng Ninh · Quảng Trị · Sóc Trăng · Sơn La · Tây Ninh · Thái Bình · Thái Nguyên · Thanh Hoá · Thừa Thiên Huế · Tiền Giang · Trà Vinh · Tuyên Quang · Vĩnh Long · Vĩnh Phúc · Yên Bái

Cần Thơ · Da Nang · Haiphong · Hanoi · Ho Chi Minh City


Saigon

Sài Gòn (alternative)
Sai Gon (alternative)

They met at a bar in Saigon, dated, fell in love, and, a year later, married right there in the city’s central courthouse.

2019, Ocean Vuong, On Earth We're Briefly Gorgeous, Jonathan Cape, page 46:

(historical or informal) The former name of Ho Chi Minh City, the largest city in Vietnam; the former capital of South Vietnam.

ព្រៃនគរ

prɨy nɔɔnɔkɔɔ


Bandar Seri Begawan

/ˌbɑːndəɹ sɪˌɹiː bɪˈɡaʊ.ən/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Bandar Seri Begawan.wav

Unadapted borrowing from Malay Bandar Seri Begawan. Literally: "Port/City of the Revered Ruler".