Carson City

The capital city of Nevada, United States. It is an independent city, and the former Ormsby County was merged with the city in 1969.

A small city in Montcalm County, Michigan, United States.


Abuja

Abuja, Nigeria’s capital city, rises out of the Sahel like a modernist apparition. The avenues are clean and broad, and the government buildings are imposing, with that soulless and vaguely fascistic air common to capital cities from Washington, D.C., to Brasília.

2007, Teju Cole, Every Day is for the Thief, Faber & Faber (2015), page 139:

Gunshots rang out in the capital Abuja and also in the neighboring Niger state as police lobbed tear gas to disperse defiant protesters. In Niger, at least six people are now feared dead, local media reported.

2024 August 1, Nimi Princewill and Stephanie Busari, “Violence erupts as Nigerians protest hunger across the nation”, in CNN:

Federal Capital Territory
Federal Capital Territory#English

The capital city of Nigeria; lying in the Federal Capital Territory in the North Central geopolitical zone.


Basseterre

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis#English

The capital city of Saint Kitts and Nevis.


Dakar

Possibly from Wolof daqaar (“tamarind”).


Fagatogo

The capital of American Samoa, United States.


Freetown

From free + town, as being formerly settled by freed slaves.


Kingstown

From king's + town, in reference to monarchs of the British Empire. Doublet of Kingston, Kingstone, Conington, and Cunnington. Cf. also Coniston, Coniston Cold, Conisbrough, Kingsville, Kingsburg, Queenstown, Queenston, Princetown, Princes Town, and Princeton.

doublet

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines#English

The capital city of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.

كِينْغْسْتَاوُن

capital of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines


Lomé

From French Lomé, from Ewe alotimé (“in the middle of the alo plants”).


Majuro

/ˈmæd͡ʒəɹoʊ/

/məˈd͡ʒʊɹoʊ/

/ˈmæd͡ʒəɹəʊ/

/məˈd͡ʒʊəɹəʊ/

Marshall Islands
Marshall Islands#English

An atoll, the capital city of the Marshall Islands.


Managua

The capital and largest city of Nicaragua.


Jericho

/ˈd͡ʒɛɹɪkəʊ/

/ˈd͡ʒɛɹɪˌkoʊ/

From Middle English Iericho, from Old English Iericho, from Latin Ierīchō, from Ancient Greek Ἰερῑχώ (Ierīkhṓ), from Biblical Hebrew יְרִיחוֹ (yərīḥō), recorded early as Ugaritic 𐎊𐎗𐎃 (yrḫ). Regarding the "place of concealment" sense, see 2 Samuel 10:5.


Ammon

From Hebrew עַמּוֹן (ammon), from the root ע־מ־ם.

Bonneville County
Bonneville County#English


Jasper

A name given to one of the Magi in a medieval European cult, from Biblical Hebrew גִּזְבָּר (gizbar), ultimately from Old Median *ganǰabarah; see it for more.

Caspar (alternative)
Gaspar (alternative)
Casper (alternative)
Kaspar (alternative)
Kasper (alternative)
Kosper (alternative)
Cosper (alternative)
Gosper (alternative)

A city, the county seat of Walker County, Alabama.

A small city, the county seat of Newton County, Arkansas.

A city, the county seat of Hamilton County, Florida.

A city, the county seat of Pickens County, Georgia.

A city, the county seat of Dubois County, Indiana.

Pipestone County
Pipestone County#English

A city in Pipestone County and Rock County, Minnesota.

A placename:
A number of places in the United States
A city in Jasper County, Missouri.

A city, the county seat of Jasper County, Texas.


Charleston

From Charles + -ton. The places are named after various men named "Charles"; see definitions below.

A number of places in the United States:

A city in Arkansas, and one of the two county seats of Franklin County.

A city, the county seat of Coles County, Illinois; after Charles Morton, its first postmaster.

Tallahatchie County
Tallahatchie County#English

A city in Mississippi, and one of the two county seats of Tallahatchie County.

Mississippi County
Mississippi County#English

A city, the county seat of Mississippi County, Missouri; after either nearby Charles Prairie or the city in South Carolina.

Charleston County
Charleston County#English

A city, the county seat of Charleston County, South Carolina; after Charles II of England.

The capital city of West Virginia, United States and the county seat of Kanawha County; perhaps after Charles Clendenin, the father of an early settler.


Sparta

From Latin Sparta, from Doric Greek Σπάρτᾱ (Spártā) (Attic Greek Σπᾰ́ρτη (Spắrtē)).

A minor city in Gallatin County and Owen County, Kentucky.

Christian County
Christian County#English

A city, the county seat of White County, Tennessee.

A city, the county seat of Monroe County, Wisconsin.


Alicante

alicant (alternative archaic)
aligant (alternative archaic)
allegant (alternative archaic)
alligant (alternative archaic)

A city, the capital of the province of Alicante, Spain.


Zaragoza

/ˌsɑɹ.ɘˈɡoʊ.sɘ/

/ˌzɑɹ.ɘˈɡoʊ.zɘ/

Borrowed from Spanish Zaragoza, from Old Navarro-Aragonese Zaragoza, from Mozarabic, from Latin Caesaraugusta, named after Roman Emperor Augustus. Doublet of Caesaraugusta.

A city, the regional capital of Aragon, Spain.


Murcia

The capital city of the autonomous community of Murcia, Spain.


Toulon

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

A city in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, and the préfecture of the département of Var, in France.

تولون

city in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France

A small city, the county seat of Stark County, Illinois, United States.


Metz

Borrowed from French Metz, from Latin Mediomatrici (later Mettis).

The capital city of Moselle department, Grand Est, France.

Mɛts

the capital city of Moselle department, France


White House

From the Executive Mansion ("house") of the United States of America having been painted white, giving its appearance of a white house; having been painted to cover up the damage from the War of 1812 when the British burned the mansion down.

Withuis

the official residence of the President of the United States of America

A city in Robertson County, Sumner County, Tennessee.

Robertson County
Robertson County#English


Willis

A number of places in the United States:

Montgomery County
Montgomery County#English


Davenport

* As an English surname, from Old English Devennport, named after the River Dane + port. The first element is from Welsh dafn (“trickle, drop”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“mist, haze”).
* As an Irish surname, from Ó Donndubhartaigh (“descendant of Donndubhartach”), which is from donn (“brown”) + dubh (“black”) + artach (“nobleman”); see airigh.

Any of a number of places in the English-speaking world:

A city, the county seat of Scott County, Iowa.

A minor city in Cass County, North Dakota.

A small city, the county seat of Lincoln County, Washington.


Kandahar

From Pashto کندهار (Kandahār, “Alexander, Alexandria”), ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀλεξάνδρεια (Alexándreia, “Alexandria Arachosia”), the city's ancient name. Doublet of Alexander, Alexandria, Alexandretta, Iskenderun, and Scandaroon.

doublet

Qandahar (alternative dated)
Candahar (alternative dated)

قَنْدَهَار

city and province in southern Afghanistan


Qazvin

A city in Iran, the seat of Qazvin County's Central District, and the capital of Qazvin Province.


Ayr

A minor city in Cass County, North Dakota, United States.


Tikrit

From Ottoman Turkish تكريت (Tikrit) and Arabic تِكْرِيت (Tikrīt).


Pollard

From Middle English poll (“head”) or the given name Paul + the pejorative suffix -ard.

A minor city in Clay County, Arkansas, United States.


Lafayette

en-proper noun

Lafayette (countable and uncountable, plural Lafayettes)

Lafayettes (plural)
Fayette (alternative)
LaFayette (alternative)
laFayette (alternative)
la Fayette (alternative)
La Fayette (alternative)
deFayette (alternative)
de Fayette (alternative)
De Fayette (alternative)
DeFayette (alternative)
Defayette (alternative)
de la Fayette (alternative)
De La Fayette (alternative)
de La Fayette (alternative)
De la Fayette (alternative)
delaFayette (alternative)
DeLaFayette (alternative)
DelaFayette (alternative)
deLaFayette (alternative)
deLafayette (alternative)
DeLafayette (alternative)
Delafayette (alternative)
de Lafayette (alternative)
De Lafayette (alternative)
De LaFayette (alternative)
De laFayette (alternative)
de laFayette (alternative)
dela Fayette (alternative)
DeLa Fayette (alternative)
Dela Fayette (alternative)
deLa Fayette (alternative)

/ˌlɑːfiːˈɛt/

French surname from Occitan, "the little beech tree".

Contra Costa County
Contra Costa County#English

A number of places in the United States named for the Marquis de La Fayette:

A city in Contra Costa County, California.

A city and home rule municipality of Boulder County, Colorado.

Tippecanoe County
Tippecanoe County#English

A city, the county seat of Tippecanoe County, Indiana.

Meronym: McComb

Lafayette Parish
Lafayette Parish#English

A large city, the parish seat of Lafayette Parish, Louisiana.

A small city in Nicollet County, Minnesota.

A city, the county seat of Macon County, Tennessee.


Hannibal

Hannibal (countable and uncountable, plural Hannibals)

From Latin Hannibal, a rendering of Punic 𐤇𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋 (ḥnbʿl /ḥannībaʿl/, “May the Lord (Baal) grace me”).


Carson

Carsen (alternative)
Karson (alternative)

Could originate from the Gaelic name "Carr" or "Carra", meaning "rock" or "fort," combined with "son", thus "son of Carr.".

Los Angeles County
Los Angeles County#English

A city in Los Angeles County, California.

A locale in the United States.
A city in Iowa.

A city, the county seat of Grant County, North Dakota; named for the two founders, a blend of their surnames: Carter and Pederson.


Wagoner

A city, the county seat of Wagoner County, Oklahoma, United States.


Clinton

Clinton
Clinton (disambiguation)
en:DeWitt Clinton
en:Glinton, Cambridgeshire
en:Glympton

* (English habitational surname): A habitational surname, derived from places named Glinton ("town on a hill") or Glympton ("settlement on the River Glyme"), from Old English [Term?] + tun (“enclosure, homestead, town”), equivalent to the modern -ton.
* (given name): Derived from the surnames.
* (DeWitt County): Named after DeWitt Clinton.

A number of places in the United States:

A city, the county seat of Van Buren County, Arkansas.

Van Buren County
Van Buren County#English

A city, the county seat of DeWitt County, Illinois. Named after DeWitt Clinton.

A city in Clinton Township, Vermillion County, Indiana.

Vermillion County
Vermillion County#English

A city, the county seat of Clinton County, Iowa.

A home rule city, the county seat of Hickman County, Kentucky.

A minor city in Big Stone County, Minnesota.

Big Stone County
Big Stone County#English

A city, the county seat of Henry County, Missouri.

A city, the county seat of Sampson County, North Carolina.

A city in Custer County and Washita County, Oklahoma.

A city in Laurens County, South Carolina.

A city, the county seat of Anderson County, Tennessee.


Chihuahua

/t͡ʃɪˈwɑːwɑː/

Borrowed from Mexican Spanish Chihuahua. The dog is named after the state.

Aguascalientes · Baja California · Baja California Sur · Campeche · Chiapas · Chihuahua · Coahuila · Colima · Durango · Guanajuato · Guerrero · Hidalgo · Jalisco · Mexico · Michoacán · Morelos · Nayarit · Nuevo León · Oaxaca · Puebla · Querétaro · Quintana Roo · San Luis Potosí · Sinaloa · Sonora · Tabasco · Tamaulipas · Tlaxcala · Veracruz · Yucatán · Zacatecas

A city, the state capital of Chihuahua, Mexico.


Quincy

A Norman surname of Old French origin, from a place name Quincy or Quincey in France, ultimately from Latin Quintus (“fifth [born]”).
Use in reference to toilets derives from President John Quincy Adams, who was the first to have one installed at the White House.

Any of a number of places in the US named after people with the surname, including:

A city, the county seat of Gadsden County, Florida.

A city, the county seat of Adams County, Illinois.

‘Adjacent to the city of Boston, Massachusetts, is a township named Quincy.’

2022, Percival Everett, Dr. No, Influx Press (2023), page 205:

A city in Norfolk County, Massachusetts.


Jinju

Mr. Kang’s day begins at 6 a.m., when he serves his 13 fighting bulls the first of four hot meals a day. On this morning, Mr. Kang was busy stoking the fire under a caldron filled with bean sprouts, rice stalks, corn, yams, potatoes, pumpkin chunks and anchovies  a stark contrast to the factory feed that goes to ordinary cattle at Mr. Kang’s ranch in Jinju, about 180 miles south of Seoul.

2022 October 24, Choe Sang-Hun, “No Red Cape, or Red Ink, in South Korean Bullrings”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2009-04-01, Asia Pacific:

South Gyeongsang
South Gyeongsang#English

A city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea.


Kyōto

The shogunate was overthrown in 1867 by supporters of Emperor Meiji. The following year, the emperor moved his court from Kyōto to Edo and renamed it Tōkyō: the Eastern Capital.

2007, Alexis C. Kelly with Deborah Kaufman, Fodor's Tōkyō, Fodor's Travel (Random House), →ISBN:

Alternative spelling of Kyoto, the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, and the country's former capital.


Nablus

From Ottoman Turkish نابلس (Nablus) and Arabic نَابُلُس (Nābulus), from Byzantine Greek Νεάπολις (Neápolis), from Ancient Greek νέᾱ́ (néā́, “new”) + πόλῐς (pólĭs, “city, city-state”). Doublet of Nabeul, Naples, Napoli, Neapoli, and Neapolis.

doublet

A city, the capital of Nablus governorate, West Bank, Palestine.


Tula

From Spanish Tula, from Classical Nahuatl Tōllān (“place of bulrushes”), from tōllin (“bulrush”) + -tlān.

der

A city in Hidalgo, Mexico, near the remains of the Toltec city Tollan.


Tula

A city, the administrative center of Tula Oblast, Russia, 165 km south of Moscow.


Beaumont

Inherited from Middle English [Term?], borrowed from Anglo-Norman [Term?], from beau (“beautiful”) + mont (“mountain”). Cognate with French Beaumont. Doublet of Belmont.

Jefferson County
Jefferson County#English

An English placename for any of various places, derived from the French placename or surname.

A city, the county seat of Jefferson County, Texas, United States.

Riverside County
Riverside County#English

A city in Riverside County, California, United States.

A city in Leduc County, Alberta, Canada.


Williamson

en-prop

Williamson (countable and uncountable, plural Williamsons)

A minor city in Pike County, Georgia; named for early settler Isaac Henry Williamson.

A minor city in Lucas County, Iowa; named for founder George E. Williamson.

A city, the county seat of Mingo County, West Virginia; named for landowner Wallace J. Williamson.


Karlovac

A city and municipality, the administrative center of Karlovac County, in central Croatia.


Hammond

en-proper noun

Hammond (countable and uncountable, plural Hammonds)

A patronymic surname from the Anglo-Norman given name Hamo, Hamon, from Germanic names beginning with a derivative of Proto-Germanic *haimaz (“home”), such as descendants of *Haimarīks (“Henry”).
The river in New Brunswick is named after British politician and colonial governor Sir Andrew Hamond, 1st Baronet (1738 - 1828). The civil parish is named after a settlement, named in turn after the river.

A city in Lake County, Indiana; named for Detroit butcher George H. Hammond.

Tangipahoa Parish
Tangipahoa Parish#English

A city in Tangipahoa Parish, Louisiana; named for Swedish immigrant and founder Peter av Hammerdal (anglicized to Peter Hammond).

A minor city in Wabasha County, Minnesota; named for landowner Joseph Hammond.


Johnston

Johnston (countable and uncountable, plural Johnstons)

A city in Polk County, Iowa, United States.


Edison

A name whose meaning is "son of Edward", equivalent to Ed or Eddy + -son.

A small city in Calhoun County, Georgia, United States.


Des Moines

From the French name of the nearby Rivière des Moines, which superficially means "river of the monks" and has traditionally been interpreted as a reference to the Trappist monks who settled along it. "It is more likely, however, to be a name of Native American origin, recorded in a 1673 text as moinguena", a Miami designation of the Moingona. The precise interpretation is uncertain; see Moingona.

The capital city of Iowa, United States and the county seat of Polk County.


Woodbine

(British soldier): From the British troops being issued with Woodbine cigarettes.

A small city, the county seat of Camden County, Georgia, United States.


Westphalia

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin Westphalia, from Middle Low German Westvâlen, ultimately from the root of German Westfalen, which see. Related to Low German Westfaolen.


Gaylord

Derived from the Old French surname Gaillard (from gaillard (“strong”)), brought to England by the Normans. Compare Spanish Gallardo (from gallardo (“dashing, strapping, gallant”). Shaped by folk etymology into gay (“joyful”) + lord.

A small city in Smith County, Kansas, United States.

A city, the county seat of Otsego County, Michigan, United States.

A city, the county seat of Sibley County, Minnesota, United States.


Salt Lake City

desc

→ Dutch: Sweet Lake City (partial borrowing)

Salt Lake County
Salt Lake County#English

The capital city of Utah, United States, and the county seat of Salt Lake County.

سولت ليك سيتي

capital city of Utah, United States of America


Teton

Borrowed from Lakota Thítȟuŋwaŋ (“Teton”). a general name for all seven Lakota tribes. from thíta (“a plain, prairie”) + tȟuŋwaŋ (“village”).


Santa Fe

Borrowed from Spanish Santa Fe (“Holy Faith”). The SUV is named after the capital city of New Mexico.

The capital city of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina; in full, Santa Fe de la Vera Cruz.

Santa Fe District
Santa Fe District#English

Veraguas Province
Veraguas Province#English

The capital city of the Santa Fe District, Veraguas Province, Panama.

The couple’s stucco, Pueblo-revival style home sits on a hill in a gated community at the southern tip of the Rocky Mountains. Santa Fe is known as a refuge for celebrities, artists and authors.

2025 March 7, “Authorities will reveal new findings in mysterious deaths of Gene Hackman and wife”, in The Guardian, sourced from Associated Press, →ISSN:

The capital city of New Mexico and the county seat of Santa Fe County.

Galveston County
Galveston County#English

Places in the United States:
A city in Galveston County, Texas.


Conger

en-proper-noun

Conger (countable and uncountable, plural Congers)

unk

Unexplained

A city in Freeborn County, Minnesota, United States.


Comanche

Probably from Spanish comanche, a corruption of Old Ute kɨmantsi *[kɨˈman.tʃi] (“enemy”, “foreigner”) (compare Modern Southern Ute [kɨˈmaːtʃi̥] (“enemy”, “stranger”)). The Comanches’ autonym is Nʉmʉnʉʉ (“the people”).

A small city in Stephens County, Oklahoma.

A city, the county seat of Comanche County, Texas.


Rochester

/ˈɹɒt͡ʃɪstə/

/ˈɹɑt͡ʃɛstɚ/

From Middle English Rovescester, from Old English Hrofesċeaster (literally “Hrofi's fortified camp”).

inh

A number of places in the United States:

A city, the county seat of Fulton County, Indiana.

A tiny home rule city in Butler County, Kentucky.

A city in Oakland County, Michigan; a suburb of Detroit.

A large city, the county seat of Olmsted County, Minnesota.

Strafford County
Strafford County#English

A city in Strafford County, New Hampshire.

A large city, the county seat of Monroe County, New York.


Haifa

From Ottoman Turkish حیفا (Hayfa) and Arabic حَيْفَا (Ḥayfā), from Hebrew חיפה (Kheifa), from Classical Syriac ܟܐܦܐ (“rock”) presumably in reference to Mount Carmel, from Akkadian kāpu "rock".


Baxter

From Middle English bakster, bakestre, from Old English bæcestre (“baker”), equivalent to bake + -ster.

Crow Wing County
Crow Wing County#English


Prescott

en-proper noun

Prescott (countable and uncountable, plural Prescotts)

A city, the county seat of Yavapai County, Arizona.

A city, the county seat of Nevada County, Arkansas.

A minor city in Prescott Township, Adams County, Iowa.

A minor city in Columbia County, Oregon.

Walla Walla County
Walla Walla County#English

A minor city in Walla Walla County, Washington.


Everett

Everett (countable and uncountable, plural Everetts)

From Old English Everard, a personal name from eofor (“boar”) + heard (“hardy, brave, strong”).

Middlesex County
Middlesex County#English

A city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States.

Snohomish County
Snohomish County#English

A city, the county seat of Snohomish County, Washington, United States.


Monroe

From Old English mann m (“human being, person, man”) + Roe, a river in Northern Ireland, meaning "man from the River Roe".

inh

Any of a number of places in the United States, including:

A city, the county seat of Walton County, Georgia.

A sizable city, the parish seat of Ouachita Parish, Louisiana.

A city, the county seat of Monroe County, Michigan

I was born and raised in Monroe, the seat of Union County, North Carolina. That makes me, as an indulgent friend once put it, a “country boy.”

2005, Jesse Helms, “Introduction”, in Here's Where I Stand: A Memoir, New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page xv:

A city, the county seat of Union County, North Carolina.

A city in Warren County and Butler County, Ohio.

A town and city, the county seat of Green County, Wisconsin.


Hampton

Variously from:
* Old English Hāmtūn, from hām and tūn (equivalent to home + town);
* Old English hēantūn, from hēah and tūn (equivalent to high + town).
The town in New Brunswick may have been named after one of several towns in New England. The civil parish is named after the town.

A number of places in the United States:

A small city, the county seat of Calhoun County, Arkansas.

A minor city in Bradford County, Florida.

A city, the county seat of Franklin County, Iowa.

A township and minor city therein, in Dakota County, Minnesota.

An independent city in south-east Virginia.


Osborne

From a medieval given name influenced by, or possibly derived from, Old Norse Ásbjǫrn, from áss (“god”) + bjǫrn (“bear”). See English bear.

Ausburn (alternative)
Orsburn (alternative)
Osborn (alternative)
Osbourne (alternative)
Ozbun (alternative)
Ozburn (alternative)
Usborne (alternative)

A small city, the county seat of Osborne County, Kansas, United States.


Roosevelt

From Dutch roos (“rose”) + veld (“field”).

Lake of the Woods County
Lake of the Woods County#English

A minor city in Lake of the Woods County and Roseau County, Minnesota.

A city in Duchesne County, Utah, named after Theodore Roosevelt.


Sutherland

The name of the county is from Old Norse Suðrland, from suðr (“south”) + land (“land”), named from the point of view of Orkney and Shetland.
In some cases the surname may represent the equivalent formation in Old English.


Stafford

From Old English stæþ (“landing place”) + ford.

en:Stafford
en:Stafford (disambiguation)
en:Stafford (surname)

de Stafford (alternative archaic)
Strafford (alternative)

A minor city in Stafford County, Kansas, named after Lewis Stafford, a Civil War casualty.

Fort Bend County
Fort Bend County#English

A city in Fort Bend County and Harris County, Texas.


Fairfax

English surname, equivalent to fair + fax (sense 1), "beautiful tresses."

An independent city, the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia, United States.


Clayton

en-proper noun

Clayton (countable and uncountable, plural Claytons)

⇒ Translingual: Claytonia

From Middle English Claytone, Cleyton, from Old English clǣġ (“clay”) + Old English tūn (“enclosure, settlement; town”). Analyzable as clay + -ton.

der

Contra Costa County
Contra Costa County#English

A large number of places in the United States:

A city in Contra Costa County, California; named for founder Joel Henry Clayton.

A city, the county seat of Rabun County, Georgia; named for Augustin Smith Clayton.

A minor city in Custer County, Idaho; the smallest city in the United States, named for early settler Clayton Smith.

A minor city in Decatur County and Norton County, Kansas; named for the clay in the area.

St. Louis County
St. Louis County#English

A city, the county seat of St. Louis County, Missouri; named for landowner Ralph Clayton.

Montgomery County
Montgomery County#English

A city in Montgomery County, Ohio; named for John Clayton, a War of 1812 veteran.


Carroll

A number of places in the United States:

A city, the county seat of Carroll County, Iowa.


Weston

From Old English west (“west”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).

A minor city in Umatilla County, Oregon, named after Weston, Missouri.

A city, the county seat of Lewis County, West Virginia.


Harding

Originally a patronymic from Hardy or from compound given names with the Germanic element *hard (“hard”).

A minor city in Morrison County, Minnesota.


Fitzgerald

A city, the county seat of Ben Hill County, Georgia, United States.


Livingstone

A city in Southern Province, Zambia, named after David Livingstone.


Richelieu

A city on the Richelieu River in Rouville Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada.


Stanton

A minor city in Montgomery County, Iowa.

A home rule city, the county seat of Powell County, Kentucky.

A small city, the county seat of Montcalm County, Michigan.

A small city, the county seat of Stanton County, Nebraska.

A small city, the county seat of Mercer County, North Dakota.

A city, the county seat of Martin County, Texas.


Brooks

A city in the County of Newell, Alberta, Canada.

County of Newell
County of Newell#English

A minor city in Red Lake County, Minnesota.


Perkins

en-prop

Perkins (countable and uncountable, plural Perkinses)


Hopkins

Hopkins (countable and uncountable, plural Hopkinses)

From Hob + -kin + the patronymic suffix -s.

A suburban city in Hennepin County, Minnesota.

A number of places in the United States:

A minor city in Nodaway County, Missouri.


Norton

en-proper noun

Norton (countable and uncountable, plural Nortons)

From Old English norþ (“north”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
The parish in New Brunswick is named after Norton, Massachusetts.

Any of many placenames from words meaning north and enclosure.

A city, the county seat of Norton County, Kansas, United States.


Beaufort

/ˈbəʊfɔː(ɹ)/

Borrowed from French Beaufort, from beau (“beautiful”) + fort (“fort”).

A city, the county seat of Beaufort County, South Carolina, United States.


Hartford

# For the village in Cambridgeshire: from Old English Hereford (“army ford”), from here (“army”) + ford.
# For remaining places: from Old English heorot (“hart”) + ford.

The capital city of Connecticut, located in Hartford County.

Sebastian County
Sebastian County#English

A city, the county seat of Ohio County, Kentucky.

Van Buren County
Van Buren County#English

Minnehaha County
Minnehaha County#English

A city in Minnehaha County, South Dakota.

Washington County
Washington County#English

A city in Washington County and Dodge County, Wisconsin.


Bismarck

The capital city of North Dakota, United States and the county seat of Burleigh County.


Clarendon

Clarendon (countable and uncountable, plural Clarendons)

Earl of Clarendon
George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon

The Wiltshire place-name may come from Old English *Claringa dūn, the hill associated with Clare (a personal name).
The parish in New Brunswick was named after a settlement, named in turn after British politician George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon (1800 - 1870).
The typeface was named after the Clarendon Press, which was named after the Earl of Clarendon (a former chancellor of Oxford University).

A city, the county seat of Monroe County, Arkansas, United States.

A city, the county seat of Donley County, Texas, United States.


Marlborough

A city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts.


Thornton

From Old English þorn (“thorn”) + tūn (“settlement”).

A minor city in Calhoun County, Arkansas.

A city (home rule municipality) in Adams County and Weld County, Colorado.

Cerro Gordo County
Cerro Gordo County#English

A minor city in Cerro Gordo County, Iowa.


Antioch

Alexander the Great
Seleucid Empire
Seleucus I Nicator

Inherited from Middle English Antioche, from Old French Antioche, from Latin Antiochīa, from Ancient Greek Ἀντιόχεια (Antiókheia), from Ἀντίοχος (Antíokhos) + -εια (-eia, “-ia: forming place names”), originally from the father of Seleucus I Nicator, the general of Alexander the Great who founded the Seleucid Empire. The name was then borne by other Seleucid emperors, who named various cities after themselves. Later cities in the United States, etc., were subsequently named for the earlier ones, particularly the Syrian Antioch which was an important center of early Christianity. Compare Alexandria, Laodicea, Apamea, Ptolemais, and Seleucia.

During his frequent stays at Antioch, Tigranes [king of Armenia], a self-styled king of kings, maintained a sumptuous court with a ceremonial of Achaemenid origin that Plutarch has described.

1982, Encyclopaedia Iranica, Volume 2, Issues 1-4, Page 120

(chiefly historical) Synonym of Antakya, a city in southeastern Turkey, formerly the capital of the ancient Seleucid Empire and the Crusader Principality of Antioch and a major port of the Roman and Byzantine Empires.

Antakya

Southwestern Asia
Southwestern Asia#English

(historical) Various other cities in Southwestern Asia founded by the Seleucid dynasty:

Former name of Tarsus, a city in southeastern Turkey.

Former name of Adana, a city in southern Turkey.

Former name of Nusaybin, a city in southeastern Turkey.

Former name of Samsat, a city in southeastern Turkey.

Former name of Aydin, a city in southwestern Turkey.

Former name of Urfa, a city in southeastern Turkey.

Former name of Acre, a city and port in Israel.

Former name of Nahavand, a city in Iran.

Former name of Mary, a city in Turkmenistan.

A former city in western Turkey near present-day Yalvaç.

A former city in western Turkey near present-day Kuyucak.

A former city in southern Turkey near present-day Gazipaşa.

A former city in northwestern Jordan near present-day Umm Qais.

A city in Contra Costa County, California.


Huxley

Huxley (countable and uncountable, plural Huxleys)

From the Old English personal name *Hucc + -s- + lēah (“woodland clearing, glade”). The first element could also be husċ (“insult, scorn, mockery”).

A city in Story County, Iowa, United States.

A city in Shelby County, Texas, United States.


Benson

Ultimately from Old English Benesingtūn.

A number of places in the United States:

A city, the county seat of Swift County, Minnesota.


Calhoun

Common anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Colquhoun.

A city, the county seat of Gordon County, Georgia.

A home rule city, the county seat of McLean County, Kentucky.

The former name of a city in South Carolina, known since 1943 as Clemson.


Argyle

A minor city in Marshall County, Minnesota.


Niagara

/naɪˈæɡ(ə)ɹə/

From an Iroquoian language; compare Mohawk ohnyá:kara' (“neck of land”). The name of the tribe which resided in the area was recorded on early maps as Onguiarahronon or Niagagarega.


Middleton

Middleton (countable and uncountable, plural Middletons)

From middle + -ton.
The town in Nova Scotia is named for its location midway between Annapolis Royal and Kentville.

Any of many placenames in England, Scotland and elsewhere, from the Old English words for "middle town", including:

A minor city in Hardeman County, Tennessee.


Ovid

From Latin Ovidius, name of a Roman gens.

Shiawassee County
Shiawassee County#English

A small city in Clinton County and Shiawassee County, Michigan.


Moose Jaw

French: Moose Jaw

Corruption of the Cree term through Anglicization by substitution of similar sounding English-language words, and being a riverside location; becoming Moose Jaw Bone Creek, former name of the Moose Jaw River, from the Cree "moscâstani". From Cree moscâstani-sîpiy (“a warm place by the river”), from the overwintering camp of the Cree in a river valley sheltered by the Couteau Plateau, at the confluence of the Moose Jaw River and Thunder Creek. The town is named after the river, in turn, named for the overwintering camp where the town is now located.

Moose Jaw

Moose Jaw, Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Canada

A city in the Rural Municipality of Moose Jaw No. 161, Saskatchewan, Canada.


Naypyidaw

Transliteration of Burmese နေပြည်တော် (ne-pranytau).

translit

Nay Pyi Daw (alternative)
Nay Pyi Taw (alternative)
Naypyitaw (alternative)

The capital city (since 2006) of Burma (Myanmar), located in Pyinmana Township, Mandalay Division (approximately 320 kilometres north of Yangon).


Helsingfors

(obsolete) Helsinki (the capital of Finland).


Uppsala

Borrowed from Swedish Uppsala, from Old Norse Uppsalir (literally “upper halls, upper dwellings”), from upp (“up”) + salir (“halls, rooms”, plural of salr).

com

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">salr</i>

A city in eastern central Sweden; the fourth largest city of the country.


Shoshone

A small city, the county seat of Lincoln County, Idaho, United States.


Lawson

en-proper noun

Lawson (countable and uncountable, plural Lawsons)

* As a Scottish and northern English surname meaning "son of Lawrence," from Lawrence + -son. Compare Law, Laws.
* As a Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, and north German surname, Americanized from Larsen, Larsson.

A city in Clay County, Clinton County and Ray County, Missouri, United States.


Sherwood

From Old English scīr + wudu (“forest”). The first element is either the ancestor of the modern noun shire, or an adjective meaning "bright" (ancestor to the modern word sheer), depending on the specific placename (listed below).

A minor city in Renville County, North Dakota.


Cunningham

Cunningham (countable and uncountable, plural Cunninghams)

desc

Translingual: Cunninghamia, Araucaria cunninghamii

From Scottish Gaelic Coineagan, a district of Ayrshire, either from Old English cyning (“king”) or Scottish Gaelic coineanach (“rabbit”) + Old English hām (“home, estate; hamlet, village”).


Conway

en-prop

Conway (countable and uncountable, plural Conways)

A city, the county seat of Faulkner County, Arkansas.

A minor city in Laclede County, Missouri.

A number of places in the United States:

A minor city in Walsh County, North Dakota.

A city, the county seat of Horry County, South Carolina.


Hawkins

en-proper noun

Hawkins (countable and uncountable, plural Hawkinses)

From the Middle English personal name Hawkin, diminutive of Hal (Henry), or from a byname "hawk" (Hawk), with -s.

A city in Wood County, Texas, United States.


Carlton

From Old English ċeorl (“freeman”) and tūn (“town”). Doublet of Charlton. The alteration of /tʃ/ to /k/ is down to Old Norse influence.

United States of America
United States of America

Various places in the United States of America:

A small city in Madison County, Georgia.

Dickinson County
Dickinson County#English

A tiny city in Dickinson County, Kansas.

A small city, the county seat of Carlton County, Minnesota.


Velestino

A city in central Greece located in the Magnesia prefecture.


Harrisburg

/ˈhæ.ɹɪsˌbɝɡ/

From Harris + -burg. The capital of Pennsylvania was named for John Harris Sr..

The county seat of Dauphin County, Pennsylvania.

A city, the state capital of Pennsylvania.

A city, the county seat of Poinsett County, Arkansas.

A city, the county seat of Saline County, Illinois.


Kensington

From the Old English personal name Cynesige + -ing- + -ton (“Estate associated with Cynesige”).
The town in Prince Edward Island is named after the borough in London.

A minor city in Douglas County, Minnesota.


Steele

From Middle English stele (“steel”); either a metal worker or a person considered to be as hard as steel.

A small city, the county seat of Kidder County, North Dakota.


Willoughby

Willoughby (countable and uncountable, plural Willoughbys)

From Old English weliġ (“willow”) and Old Norse byr (“settlement”).

Any of several placenames in England and elsewhere:

A city in Lake County, Ohio, United States.


Colton

Colton (countable and uncountable, plural Coltons)

From Old English cola (“coal”) + tun (“settlement”).

San Bernardino County
San Bernardino County#English

A city in San Bernardino County, California.

A number of places in the United States:

A minor city in Minnehaha County, South Dakota.


Brewster

A tiny city in Nobles County, Minnesota.

A small city in Okanogan County, Washington.


Miyako

A city in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. The city was founded in February of 1941.


Arta

The place in Greece is from Ancient Greek Άρτα (Árta). The place in Djibouti is from Arabic عرته or Somali Carta.

A city in Greece that serves as the capital of the Arta prefecture.


Preveza

From Byzantine Greek Πρέβεζα (Prébeza), from Albanian prevëzë (“crossing”) or Italian prevesione (“provision, supply”).


Brunswick

From the Germanic personal name Bruno, in the genitive case, something akin to *Brunos + Middle Low German wîk (“village, settlement”).

Brownswick (alternative)
Brunswic (alternative)

The usual English name for Braunschweig, a city in Lower Saxony, Germany.

A city, the county seat of Glynn County, Georgia.

Frederick County
Frederick County#English

A minor city and township in Chariton County, Missouri.


Tuzla

From Serbo-Croatian Tuzla/Тузла, from Ottoman Turkish طوزله (Tuzla), from طوز (tuz, “salt”).

The security situation forced me to cancel my trip to Sarajevo, but the people I was to meet were so disappointed that they insisted on braving the journey along fifty miles of treacherous roads to meet me in Tuzla.

2003, Hillary Rodham Clinton, “War Zones”, in Living History, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 344:

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

A city in Bosnia and Herzegovina, located in the northeastern part of the country.


Fraser

en-proper noun

Fraser (countable and uncountable, plural Frasers)

Scottish surname thought to be from Norman, but not corresponding to any obvious places in France; perhaps a corrupted transcription of a Middle Irish name. More at Fraser.


Waldorf

Ultimately from the German town name, Walldorf.


Karditsa

A city in western Thessaly in mainland Greece; it is the capital city of the prefecture with the same name.


Kuopio

Northern Savonia
Northern Savonia#English

A city and municipality of the Northern Savonia region, in eastern Finland.


Lappeenranta

A city and municipality of South Karelia, in southeastern Finland.


Jyväskylä

A municipality, the capital city of the Central Finland region, Finland.


Joensuu

A city and municipality, the capital of the North Karelia region, in eastern Finland.


Hämeenlinna

A city and municipality of Tavastia Proper, in southern Finland.


Elbasan

Borrowed from Albanian Elbasan, itself likely from Ottoman Turkish ايلبصان.

The fourth largest city in Albania, located in the center of the country on the river Shkumbin; it is the seat of its eponymous county and municipality.


Gjirokastër

Borrowed from Albanian Gjirokastër, from Greek Αργυρόκαστρον (Argyrókastron, literally “silver castle”), from άργυρος (árgyros, “silver”) and κάστρον (kástron, “castle”) (from Latin castrum (“fort”)).

der

Αργυρόκαστρον

A city in southern Albania, located in the Drino valley east of the mountain of Gjerë; it is the seat of its eponymous county and municipality.


Tepelenë

Borrowed from Albanian Tepelenë, which is probably ultimately from Ottoman Turkish تپه دلن (Tepedelen), the name of the city during Ottoman era. Alternatively from Albanian Tepe e Lenes or Illyrian *Antibylyne.

A city in southern Albania, located on a plateau on the left bank of the river Vjosa about three kilometres downstream from its confluence with the river Drino; it is the seat of its eponymous municipality and the former seat of its now defunct eponymous district.


Pogradec

Borrowed from Albanian Pogradec, probably from an Eastern South Slavic language. See Macedonian Подградец (Podgradec), an old name of the city, from под (pod, “under, below”) + град (grad, “city, town”) + -ец (-ec), which refers to the ancient Illyrian settlement located on a hill northwest of the city.

A city in southeastern Albania, located on a narrow plain along the southwestern shore of Lake Ohrid; it is the seat of its eponymous municipality and municipal unit.


Graz

From German Graz, from Proto-Slavic *gordьcь (“small castle”), diminutive of *gordъ (“fortification”).

The capital of and largest city in the state of Styria, Austria, and the second-largest city in the country.


Innsbruck

The capital city of Tyrol, in western Austria.


Tyndall

Bon Homme County
Bon Homme County#English

A small city, the county seat of Bon Homme County, South Dakota, United States.


Tindall

A minor city in Grundy County, Missouri, United States.


Puebla

Puebla
Puebla (municipality)
Puebla City


Ramsey

From Old English hramsa (“wild garlic”) + īeġ (“island”).

A number of places in the United States:


Finley

A small city, the county seat of Steele County, North Dakota.


Derry

en-proper noun

Derry (countable and uncountable, plural Derrys)

From Irish Doire, from doire (“oak grove”), from Old Irish daire (“oak forest”), from Proto-Celtic *daru.

There was music there in the Derry air / Like a language that we could all understand

1973, Phil Coulter, “The Town I Loved So Well”:

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English

A city in northwestern Northern Ireland; also known as Londonderry.


Yonkers

From Dutch jonkheer (“young lord, esquire”).

A city in New York, bordering New York City.


Princeton

Battle of Princeton
Thomas Prince
William Prince (politician)

From prince + -ton (“town”), originally in honor of crown princes or princes of the British Empire but later chiefly in honor of others with the name Prince or locations named Princeton. Doublet of Princetown. Cf. Princes Town, Princeville, Kingston, Kingstone, Coniston, Kingstown, Queenston, and Queenstown.
In particular, the British Columbian town is named for Edward VII, who was known as Albert, Prince of Wales, during the reign of his mother Queen Victoria. The New Jersey borough is named for William III—who became king of England through marriage to Mary II—in honor of his own separate Dutch title of Prince of Orange. The North Carolina town and Nebraska and Ontario communities are named for the New Jersey borough; the Missouri city is named for the Battle of Princeton which occurred there in the American Revolution; and the Illinois city and Florida CDP are named for the university named for its location in the borough. The given name derives from the prestigious university.
The Massachusetts town is named for clergyman Thomas Prince, and the Wisconsin city and town are named for the Massachusetts town. The Minnesota city is named for its founder John S. Prince, and the Idaho CDP is named after the Minnosota city. The Indiana city is named for politician William Prince, and the Kansas city is named for the Indiana city. The Texas city is named for landowner Prince Dowlin. The Kentucky city is named for landowner William Prince.

A city, the county seat of Bureau County, Illinois.

A city, the county seat of Gibson County, Indiana.

A minor city and township in Scott County, Iowa.

A minor city in Franklin County, Kansas.

A city, the county seat of Caldwell County, Kentucky.

Mille Lacs County
Mille Lacs County#English

Sherburne County
Sherburne County#English

A city in Mille Lacs County and Sherburne County, Minnesota.

A city, the county seat of Mercer County, Missouri.

A city, the county seat of Mercer County, West Virginia.

Green Lake County
Green Lake County#English

A town and city therein, in Green Lake County, Wisconsin.


Lakhimpur

A city in Lakhimpur Kheri district, Lucknow division, Uttar Pradesh, India.


Nikopol

A city and raion of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine.


Chambéry

From French Chamberi, from Medieval Latin Chamberium << Cambariaco << Cambariacum << Camefriacum, of uncertain origin, possibly Gaulish *camboritos (“bent ford”); see Breton Kemper. More at Chambéry.

A city and prefecture, the capital of Savoie department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France.


Albertville

A city in Marshall County, Alabama, United States, named after settler Thomas A. Albert.

A city in Wright County, Minnesota, United States, named after Albert Zachman.


Dunkerque

Alternative spelling of Dunkirk, a city in Nord department, in northern France.


Anton

Anton (countable and uncountable, plural Antons)

Borrowed from German Anton and from other northern European languages. Doublet of Anthony.

A place in the United States:
A city in Hockley County, Texas.


Enid

From Middle Welsh eneit (“spirit, life; purity”), from Proto-Celtic *anatyom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁- (“to breathe, blow”). Cognate with Gaulish anatia (“souls (?)”) attested on the Larzac tablet; see also the modern Welsh anadl (“breath, wind”), from Proto-Celtic *anatlā (“breath, breathing”).

cog

A city, the county seat of Garfield County, Oklahoma, United States; see Wikipedia:Enid, Oklahoma


Randall

A Middle English variant of Randolph, preserved as a surname and revived in the twentieth century.

A number of places in the United States:

A minor city in Morrison County, Minnesota.


Upton

en-proper noun

Upton (countable and uncountable, plural Uptons)

From Old English upp (“up”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).

A minor city in Hardin County and LaRue County, Kentucky.


Leeuwarden

A city and capital of Friesland, Netherlands.


Mogadishu

/ˌmɒɡəˈdiːʃuː/

bor

Arabic مَقَدِيشُو (maqadīšū)


Shirgah

A city in Savadkuh, Mazandaran Province, Iran.


Pratt

en-proper noun

Pratt (countable and uncountable, plural Pratts)

Probably from French pré (“meadow”), meaning a meadow dweller; from Old French prat, from Latin pratum. Another proposed source is Old English prætt (“trick, cunning, astute”).

der

A city, the county seat of Pratt County, Kansas.


Gresham

en-proper noun

Gresham (countable and uncountable, plural Greshams)

From Old English græs (“grass”) + hām (“homestead”).

Multnomah County
Multnomah County#English

A city in Multnomah County, Oregon, United States.


Sheldon

From Old English scylf (“shelf”) + dūn (“hill”) or denu (“valley”).

A city in O'Brien County and Sioux County, Iowa.

A small city in Vernon County, Missouri.

A small city in Ransom County, North Dakota.


Wharton

Wharton (countable and uncountable, plural Whartons)

/ˈʍɔː(ɹ)tən/

Various possible origins:
* The villages in Cheshire and Herefordshire are named after the River Weaver, whose name derives from Old English wæfre (“wavering, winding”), + Old English tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
* The village in Lincolnshire is named with either Old English weard (“ward, guard”) or waroþ (“shore, warth”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).
* The village in Cumbria is named with Old English hwearf (“wharf, embankment”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).

der

A city, the county seat of Wharton County, Texas, United States.


Tulsa

From Creek Tallasi (literally “old town”). Compare Tallahassee, from the same or a similar term.

A large city, the county seat of Tulsa County, Oklahoma, United States; the second largest city in the state.


Omaha

The largest city in Nebraska, United States, and the county seat of Douglas County.


Jacksonville

From Jackson + -ville; most are named for a person with the surname of Jackson, including many named for former United States President Andrew Jackson.

Houston Texans head coach DeMeco Ryans defended Azeez Al-Shaair after the linebacker was ejected from Sunday’s game for throwing a late hit on Jacksonville Jaguars quarterback Trevor Lawrence.

2024 December 2, David Close, “Houston Texans head coach defends Azeez Al-Shaair as the NFL leans toward suspending the linebacker, source says”, in CNN:

A city, the county seat of Duval County, Florida, United States. It is the largest city in Florida and is consolidated with the county.

Place names:
A city in Calhoun County, Alabama.

Place names:
A city in Pulaski County, Arkansas.

A city, the county seat of Morgan County, Illinois.

The former name of a home rule city in Russell County, Kentucky; now Jamestown.

A city, the county seat of Onslow County, North Carolina.

Place names:
A city in Jackson County, Oregon.

Place names:
A city in Cherokee County, Texas.


Fort Worth

A large city, the county seat of Tarrant County, Texas, United States.


Bartlett

The pear was named by Enoch Bartlett of Dorchester, Massachusetts, after himself.


Harrington

A number of places in the United States:


Sterling

A city, the county seat of Logan County, Colorado.

Whiteside County
Whiteside County#English

A city in Rice County, Kansas, named after Sterling Rosan.


Stirling

Borrowed from Middle Scots Stirveling, from Early Scots Strivelin, Strivelyn, likely from Scottish Gaelic srib (“stream”) + Scottish Gaelic linn (“pool, lake”). Cognate with Old French Estrivelin, Middle Welsh Ystriflin.

A city in Stirling council area, Scotland, originally in Stirlingshire.


Libby

A city, the county seat of Lincoln County, Montana, United States.


Tampa

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Tampa.wav

Unknown, likely from a Calusa word. See Tampa, Florida § Etymology for more.

Hillsborough County
Hillsborough County#English

A city, the county seat of Hillsborough County, Florida, located on Tampa Bay.


Puducherry

/ˌpʊdʊˈt͡ʃɛɹi/

Borrowed from Tamil புதுச்சேரி (putuccēri, literally “new town”), reinforcing with the former name Pondicherry.

bor+

The capital city of the union territory of Puducherry, India.

Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu


Bukarest

22nd/Oct. 5th, 1916, at Bukarest. "Mr. Andrews and I," states the Prefect of Police in his first procès-verbal of the same date, "accompanied one another at 11 a.m. to the premises of the German Legation at Bukarest,

1917, Microbe-culture at Bukarest: Discoveries at the German Legation, page 5:

In fact, it was only last October that the first aeroplane of the "Franco-Romane Aerial Transport Company" made its first flight from Paris to Bukarest. The line Bukarest-Paris-Constantinople is going to be operated regularly this year.

The general, in a confident mood because of recent military events, now called for an end to the pussyfooting policy being pursued with Bukarest.

2015, Gerard E. Silberstein, The Troubled Alliance: German-Austrian Relations, 1914--1917, University Press of Kentucky, →ISBN, page 226:

Alternative form of Bucharest, the capital city of Romania


Ozark

From French aux arcs (literally “at the arches”), in reference to natural bridge formations in the area, or aux Arcs, a clipping of aux Arcansas (“among the Arkansas”), i.e. the Quapaw people.

bor

Ozark, Alabama
Ozark, Arkansas
Ozark, Missouri

A small city, the county seat of Dale County, Alabama, United States.

A city in Arkansas, United States and one of the two county seats of Franklin County.

Christian County
Christian County#English

A city, the county seat of Christian County, Missouri, United States.


Harbin

From Manchu ᡥᠠᡵᠪᡳᠨ (harbin)- in the late 19th century, the area was a fishing village.

The headquarters of the Chinese-Eastern road is at Harbin, a town situated at about the centre of northern China, and there located for the purpose of administering the affairs of the railway.

1899 July 29, H. E. Rood, “American Locomotives in Siberia”, in Harper's Weekly, volume XLIII, number 2223, page 749:

Manchuria is crossed by the Chinese Eastern Railway (the Russian Trans-Siberian Railway), which enters the Hei-lung-chiang Province from the north-west and divides at Harbin (哈爾賓^([sic – meaning 哈爾濱])) in the Chi-lin Province, one branch going to Vladivostock (海参威) and the other to Dalny and Port Arthur.

1904, Charles Daniel Tenney, Geography of Asia, Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 23:

The Russians of Manchuria, who had built Harbin forty-five years ago, were now invited to clear the stage and to do it quickly. Restrictions on all possible jobs and professions soon narrowed their means of earning to almost nothing.

1942, Nina Fedorova, The Children, Little, Brown and Company, page 79:

English spoken.
Can you tell me what is happening?
We arrive to the village Yurga. You must disbark^([sic – meaning disembark]).
No, I have a ticket to Harbin.
Harbin across border of China. There is argument.
Well I'll go as far as I can. Thank you just the same.

1958, 20:02 from the start, in The Inn of the Sixth Happiness, →OCLC:

Harbin is the capital of the Heilongjiang Province (Heilungkiang Province). Situated in the middle reaches of the Songhua Jiang (Sunghua River), it is a busy river port. As railways and highways converge at Harbin, it is also an important hub of communication.
Harbin used to be a fishing village and its name, in Manchu dialect, means drying fishnets. Unlike most of China, it has a very short history. Harbin was incorporated as a town in 1898.

1982, The Official Guidebook of China, Beijing: China Travel and Tourism Press, →ISBN, pages 185–186:

Temperatures in Yakeshi in Inner Mongolia (內蒙古) dropped to minus 28 degrees Celsius yesterday, while Harbin (哈爾濱) in Heilongjiang (黑龍江) province experienced minus 19 degrees.

2016 January 21, Alice Yan, Lai Ying Kit, Mimi Lau, “Incredible scenes as mainland shoppers strip supermarket shelves ahead of big chill”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-01-22, China:

A cohort of male swimmers, bare torsos shining, lined up to recite from Mao's Little Red Book before plunging into the Songhua river, in Harbin, to commemorate the Great Leader's swim in the Yangzi. A crowd gathered with banners in Harbin's main square for a speech about "Learning and Applying Mao Zedong Thought", a crowd so vast that the had taken several shots and would splice them together with backing tape.[…]
He wavered only when he saw the monks at Harbin's ransacked Buddhist temple holding a banner which read: "To hell with the Buddhist scriptures. They are full of dog farts."

2020 July 4, “Obituary Li Zhensheng”, in The Economist, volume 436, number 9201, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 82:

prefecture-level city
prefecture-level city

A prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Heilongjiang, in northeastern China.

هَارْبِين

a sub-provincial city in northeastern China


Changchun

/t͡ʃæŋˈt͡ʃʊn/

It costs but from $0.86 to $1.14 per ton to load Japanese coal into the cars at the mines, and as these are under the control of the South Manchuria Railway it is said that coal is freighted to Changchun free.

1915 August 24, Charles K. Moser, “China-Manchuria”, in Supplement to Commerce Reports, number 52h, Harbin, page 3:

A “big-character” wall appearing in Changchun, Kirin Province, on Feb. 2, denounced the Chinese Communist regime’s crackdown on dissidents clamoring for human rights, an intelligence report from the Chinese mainland said April 3.
The wall poster accused the Peiping regime [of] "practicing Fascist totalitarianism," the report said, adding that some 40 people in Changchun had been arrested for putting up wall posters.

1979 April 8, “Wallposter in Kirin”, in Free China Weekly, volume XX, number 13, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

At least one person was killed and another was injured in a series of explosions Friday afternoon in the northeastern Chinese city of Changchun, the local authorities said.
The police are tentatively treating the explosions as “a criminal case,” the propaganda office of the Changchun Municipal Communist Party Committee said in a statement posted online.

2019 January 25, Austin Ramzy, “Explosions Shake Shopping District in Changchun, China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-01-26, Asia Pacific:

A prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Jilin, in northeastern China.


Chongqing

/t͡ʃɒŋˈt͡ʃɪŋ/

/t͡ʃɑŋˈt͡ʃɪŋ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 重慶 /重庆 (chóngqìng).

Chong-qing (alternative also)
Chong Qing (alternative also)
Chungking (alternative)
Chungching (alternative)
Ch'ung-ch'ing (alternative)
Tchang-king (alternative obsolete romanization)

The latest proposed relocation would affect residents along hundreds of miles of twisting lakeshore from Jiangjin, in the Chongqing municipality, to the dam’s location at Yichang, in Hubei Province.

2012 April 18, Michael Wines, “Landslide Risk At Reservoir Cited in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-04-19, Asia Pacific:

Her young parents, who worked in a pottery factory in Rongchang in present-day Chongqing municipality, conceived her while unmarried.

2014 January 20, Didi Kirsten Tatlow, “‘She. Herself. Naked.': The Art of He Chengyao”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-08-16, Sinosphere:

For nearly four years, he worked in one of the three cavernous Ford Motor assembly plants in Chongqing, a sprawling metropolis in southwestern China with almost 20 million people. Every day, he spent long hours putting brake fluid into the Ford Focus compact cars that glided past on the assembly line.

2019 April 11, Keith Bradsher, “For Chinese Raised in Prosperity, Shrugs in the Face of Layoffs”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-04-12, China Dispatch:

A canteen in China's southwest municipality of Chongqing collapsed on Friday following an explosion suspected to be caused by a gas leak, leaving many trapped, according to reports from state media.

2022 January 7, Gabriel Crossley, “Multiple people trapped after explosion in China's Chongqing - state media”, in Michael Perry, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-01-07, China:

A direct-administered municipality and city in western China.

Anhui · Fujian · Guangdong · Gansu · Guizhou · Henan · Hubei · Hebei · Hainan · Heilongjiang · Hunan · Jilin · Jiangsu · Jiangxi · Liaoning · Qinghai · Sichuan · Shandong · Shaanxi · Shanxi · Taiwan · Yunnan · Zhejiang

Guangxi · Inner Mongolia · Ningxia · Tibet Autonomous Region · Xinjiang

Beijing · Tianjin · Shanghai · Chongqing


Hefei

Ho-fei (alternative)
Hofei (alternative)

Some 10,000 people took the streets in the eastern city of Hefei this week in what appears to have been the largest student demonstration since the Tiananmen Square human rights protests of 1989.

2003 January 9, Joseph Kahn, “Huge Demonstration in China, but Subject Is Traffic Safety”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-02-14, World:

The other case, surnamed Zhang, was in close contact with Li during a training class Li led in the city of Luan, near Anhui's provincial capital Hefei, Xinhua reported.[…]
Two areas in Luan city and one part of Feixi county were declared "medium-risk" regions by local authorities in response to the cases. State media reported mass testing being carried out in main urban area in Luan and some areas in Hefei.

2021 May 13, “Mainland China reports first local COVID-19 cases in more than 3 weeks”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-05-14, Asia Pacific:

The vaccination campaign in the Luyang district of Hefei city is currently operating in an orderly and efficient manner, with all vaccination points running smoothly, thanks in large part to the effective utilization of A.I. technology.

2021 July 13, “A.I. is Ensuring an Orderly Vaccination in Hefei”, in AP News, PR Newswire, archived from the original on 2021-07-13:

A prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Anhui, in central China.

خِفِي

a prefecture-level city in central China


Wuhan

From Mandarin 武漢／武汉 (Wǔhàn), from 武昌 (Wǔchāng) + 漢口／汉口 (Hànkǒu), two of the three towns that were merged to form Wuhan.

zh-l

武漢／武汉 (Wǔhàn)

漢口／汉口 (Hànkǒu)

Wu-han (alternative)
Wu-Han (alternative)
WuHan (alternative colloquial)
Wu Han (alternative colloquial)
Wu-han (alternative colloquial)

The Committee reports that in consequence of the combined effects of the war and famine added to flood an amount of destitution exists among the population in the Wuhan region which is without parallel in the memory of foreign residents. Now that the refugees are returning to Hankow there is a demand for building materials, clothing and food stuffs.

1912 February, “Famine Notes”, in The Chinese Recorder, volume XLIII, number 2, Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press, page 95:

Yet charges that Wuhan was run like an independent kingdom contained an element of truth. Firmly entrenched in Wuhan for more than ten years, the PLA had become accustomed to acting independently.

1971, Deborah S. Davis, “The Cultural Revolution in Wuhan”, in The Cultural Revolution in the Provinces, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 169:

More than 30 persons, most of them farmers on the verge of starving to death, were convicted of "counter-revolutionary" charges at kangaroo court in Wuhan and given sentences ranging from two to 12 years, it was reported from Hongkong February 25.
. . .
Wuhan is the collective name of Wuchang, Hankow and Hanyang at the confluence of the Yangtze and Han rivers in Hupei province, central China.
Some of the farmers were arrested in Wuhan parks where they allegedly spoke against Maoism and the Communist dictatorship, the report said.
Others were charged with breaking into a Communist granary in Wuhan, it said.

1973 March 4, “Starving farmers given jail terms”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIV, number 8, Taipei, page 3:

Chinese health authorities on Tuesday said they are investigating 27 cases of viral pneumonia in central Hubei province, amid online speculation that it could be linked to the SARS flu-like virus that killed hundreds of people a decade ago.
A team of senior health experts were dispatched to the city of Wuhan and were reported by state broadcaster CCTV to be "conducting relevant inspection and verification work."

2019 December 31, “China investigates SARS-like virus as dozens struck by pneumonia”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2019-12-31, News:

Intelligence agencies do not believe the case of three workers from a laboratory in Wuhan, China, who became ill in 2019 can help shed light on whether the Covid-19 pandemic originated from an accidental lab leak, according to a report made public Friday.

2023 June 23, Julian E. Barnes, “U.S. Intelligence Agencies Remain Divided Over Lab Leak Theory”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-06-24, Politics:

For quotations using this term, see Citations:Wuhan.

A subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Hubei, China.


Chengdu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 成都 (Chéngdū), supposedly bestowed upon it during its first founding by the ninth king of the Shu Kingdom's Kaiming dynasty when he removed his court there from nearby Pi County.

Ch'eng-tu (alternative)
Ch'êng-tu (alternative)
Chengtu (alternative)

As the United States lashed out against the “new tyranny” of China, Beijing on Friday ordered the closure of the American consulate in Chengdu, a retaliatory move that threatens to drive the two powers into an even deeper divide.
Beijing blamed the Trump administration for the deterioration in relations, calling its own action justified after Washington told China this week to shutter its consulate in Houston and accused its diplomats of acting illegally. A Chinese official, in turn, denounced American diplomats in Chengdu, a southwestern city, for interfering in China’s affairs.

2020 July 24, Keith Bradsher, Steven Lee Myers, “China Orders U.S. to Shut Consulate in Chengdu, Retaliating for Houston”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-07-24, Asia Pacific:

A subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Sichuan, in southwestern China.


Shenyang

Shen-yang (alternative)
Shênyang (alternative)

Holonym: Liaodong

The northeastern city of Shenyang has become one of the country's chief machine building centers and plants there include one for making pneumatic mining tools and three for various types of machine tools. Also in Shenyang is a new plant that builds blast furnaces and openhearths, with the destination of Anshan.

1958 August 7, Robert Westgate, “China's Industrial Target: To Overtake Britain in 15 Years”, in The Iron Age, volume 182, number 6, page 43:

We are reasonably sure that Li is still alive in Shenyang, but there is no denying that he is now a very questionable figure.

1975 January 5, L. Chen, “Bomb planted by Wang Hung-wen?”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVI, number 1, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

I know of no industrial unit outside Lushun and Talien that was able to conclude a contract of such comprehensiveness as the glass factory and even in Shenyang where production was rapidly restored and where there were many advanced industrial enterprises, it was felt that the Lushun-Talien model was too comprehensive and of too high a standard to serve as a model for its own collective contracts.

1976, William Brugger, Democracy & organisation in the Chinese industrial enterprise (1948-1953), Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 168:

Shenyang is a sprawling industrial and financial center, the largest city in northeastern China, with a reputation as the region’s crime capital. The city was overrun with violent gangs and controlled by corrupt public officials who were regularly purged by the government in Beijing, only to be replaced by new ones. The developers Hongwei knew in Shenyang were all gangsters, and when they weren't making shady deals, they were spending their nights in private gambling parlors.

2015, Yeonmi Park, Maryanne Vollers, “Kidnapped”, in In Order to Live: A North Korean Girl's Journey to Freedom (Non-fiction), Penguin Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 169:

China’s continuing strict coronavirus controls have battered local economies across the country. But Shenyang has endured a double blow. Just 150 miles from the North Korean border, it is suffering not only from the restrictions in China, but also from those imposed by the even more isolated country next door.

2022 August 30, Vivian Wang, “Lockdowns in China, and North Korea, Deal Double Blow to Bridge City”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-08-30, Business:

A subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Liaoning, in northeastern China.


Jinan

/ˈd͡ʒiːˌnɑːn/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 濟南 /济南 (Jǐnán).

Ji'nan (alternative misspelling)
Tsinan (alternative dated)
Chinan (alternative)
Chi-nan (alternative)

On the outskirts of Jinan, capital of eastern Shandong province, a billion cockroaches are being fed with 50 tonnes of kitchen waste a day - the equivalent in weight to seven adult elephants.

2018 December 10, Thomas Suen, Ryan Woo, “Bug business - Cockroaches corralled by the millions in China to crunch waste”, in Nick Macfie, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2025-03-29:

- Woolly hat and sun cream -
Shandong Luneng Taishan, as their full name goes, are based in Jinan, a fast-growing city of about 7.5 million people in China's east. Jinan is the capital of Shandong province.
Fellaini will need a wardrobe for all four seasons. Jinan is currently about as chilly as Manchester, but it can easily drop well below freezing. Summers will be much hotter than northern England, nudging above 30 degrees Celsius (86F).
- Pollution, traffic -
Many Chinese cities are plagued by traffic congestion and pollution, but those problems are acute in Jinan.
The Asian Development Bank in 2017 said rapid economic growth and urbanisation had made Jinan the most congested city in China. It is also in the top 10 most polluted.

2019 February 4, “Choking smog and 'spring heaven': Fellaini's new home in China”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2022-05-21:

A prefecture-level city and subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Shandong, in eastern China.


Baotou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 包頭 /包头 (Bāotóu), from Mongolian ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ (buɣutu, “haunt of deer”), from ᠪᠤᠭᠤ (buɣu, “deer”) / буга (buga) + -ᠲᠤ (-tu, “with…”) / -т (-t, “ornative case suffix”).

der

Pao-t'ou (alternative)
Paotow (alternative)

Moving west from Paotowchen there is only one highway, which many camel trains from Kansu follow in winter, but which is almost deserted in summer when the Yellow River is ice free. This road leads through Santaoho, a Roman Catholic Mission village near the elbow of the river, through Shihtsuishan, where there is a carefully guarded pass and a large garrison, and on into the populous Ninghsia district of Kansu, altogether an eighteen day journey of about 1,300 11 through thinly settled country in which a pestilence would travel with difficulty and in which it could have been most effectually checked at any of half a dozen points.

[1918 April, Rodney Gilbert, “Pneumonic Plague in China”, in Asia, volume XVIII, number 4, American Asiatic Association, page 344, columns 2, 3:

Alley and I were not going to Turkestan. We were on a four-hundred-and-fifty-mile trip to Paotou (pronounced Bao Toe), which used to be the frontier end of the line and is now autonomous Inner Mongolia’s largest city.

[1962, Edgar Snow, “Paotou Retrospect”, in Red China Today: The Other Side of the River, Penguin Books, published 1970, →OCLC, page 72:

Dirty, toxic, radioactive: Working in the mining sector
One of the most extreme examples is Baotou, a Chinese city in Inner Mongolia, where rare earth mining poisoned surrounding farms and nearby villages, causing thousands of people to leave the area.

2021 April 13, Michel Penke, “Toxic and radioactive: The damage from mining rare elements”, in DW News, archived from the original on 2021-04-13, CRITICAL RAW MATERIALS:

A prefecture-level city, the largest city in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, in northern China.

بَاوْتُو

a prefecture-level city in northern China


Fuzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 福州 (Fúzhōu).

Foochow (alternative dated)
Fuchow (alternative dated)
Fuh-Chau (alternative dated)
Fuh-chau (alternative dated)
Fujhou (alternative)
Fu-chou (alternative)
Fuchou (alternative)

ᡶᡠ ᠵᡝᠣ

a prefecture-level city in southeastern China

At the end of August Eaton anchored at a group of three small islands off the coast of Fujian to take on fresh water, as the casks had not been refilled since leaving the Cape in April. Cuninghame calls these islands the Crocodile Islands, but he says the Chinese call them the ‘Pek-kin Islands’. These are the Matsu Islands, north east of Fuzhou, one of which is called Peikantang or Peikan Island.

2007, Jane Kilpatrick, “The first collector”, in Gifts from the Gardens of China: The Introduction of Traditional Chinese Garden Plants to Britain 1698-1862, Frances Lincoln Limited, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 41:

In a past life in Fuzhou, it represented some reality other than the one of daily congee and pickled turnips, cabbage and boiled rip soup.

2022, Ling Ma, “Peking Duck”, in Bliss Montage, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, →ISBN:

A prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Fujian, China.


Guiyang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 貴陽 /贵阳 (Guìyáng).

Kuei-yang (alternative)
Kweiyang (alternative)

In 1965 the NCNA reported the setting up of three ‘institutions of higher learning’ in Guiyang, Guizhou (Kweichow) Province.

1970, R. F. Price, “Part-time schools and classes”, in Brian Holmes, editor, Education in Communist China (World education series), New York, Washington: Praeger Publishers, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 218:

By early afternoon, I was in Kueiyang. Since this was the provincial capital of Kueichou, I decided to splurge and checked into the Plaza Hotel.

[2015, Bill Porter, “The Miao [苗族]”, in South of the Clouds: Travels in Southwest China, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 72:

A court in the city of Guiyang ruled that Mr. C's employment rights were indeed violated. "The defendant terminated the contract with the plaintiff without a legitimate reason" and "infringed on the plaintiff’s equal employment rights," the ruling said.[…]
Mr. C, a transgender Chinese man who says he was fired for wearing men's clothes, stands outside a court in Guiyang, China, July 27, 2017, holding the court’s ruling that his dismissal violated his employment rights.

2017 July 27, Emily Rauhala, “Transgender Chinese man wins first-of-its-kind labor discrimination case”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-11-11, WorldViews:

A prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Guizhou, in southwestern China.

جُوي يَانْغ

a prefecture-level city in southwestern China


Auch

A cathedral town, the capital of Gers department, Occitania, France.


Kunming

The Minister of Commerce and Industry is pushing forward proposals for the development of mining, and has placed before the Cabinet a scheme for the division of the country into eight mining districts to be controlled by the Mining Supervision Bureau.[…]The fifth division will be Shensi, Kansu, and Singkiang^([sic – meaning Sinkiang]), with headquarters at Changan; the sixth will be Kwangtung, Kwangsi, and Fukien, with headquarters at Canton; the seventh will be Yunnan and Kweichow, with headquarters at Kunming, in Yunnan; and the eighth will be Szechuan alone, with headquarters at Chengtu.

1914 January, “China's Mining Districts”, in The Far Eastern Review [遠東時報], volume X, number 8, Shanghai, Manila, →OCLC, page 311, column 2:

Military movements are reported to be proceeding in the region of Kunming.

1930 December 31 [1930 December 30], “Rebel Army Enters Yunnan.”, in Hongkong Daily Press, number 2260, page 9, column 4:

Best known abroad are Free China’s two "back doors," the Burma Road and the Northwest Highway. The 960-mile road from Kunming to Lashio was a vast engineering feat and, after the outbreak of the Pacific war, China’s main hope for obtaining offensive armaments. In the last month before its closing it carried over 30,000 tons.

1943, Hubert Freyn, Free China's New Deal, New York: Macmillan Company, →OCLC, page 63:

Last week's focus of the war in the Far East centered squarely upon this little railroad. Because it brings supplies to the Assam Valley airfields, whence they can be flown over the "Hump" to Kunming, it is a vital part of our only link with China.

1944 April 24, “Trouble in Burma”, in Life, volume 16, number 17, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 25, column 1:

Hsiao-hua, who studied at a primary school at Kunming before he fled the mainland with his father, said he was often criticized by his classmates for his association with "bad elements." All school children on the Chinese mainland, he added, must do forced manual work and read "Quotations from Mao Tse-tung."

1975 March 23, “Freedom at last for Wu & son”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVI, number 11, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1:

In some cases, over a hundred thousand men, women, and children could be seen building five-thousand-foot solid runways for huge bombers of a type not yet built in America. These fields were being built in places east of Kunming, places with strange-sounding names like Liuchow, Kweilin, Lingling, and Hengyang, names which would all too soon become quite familiar to hundred of American airmen.

1980, Wanda Cornelius, Thayne Short, Ding Hao: America's Air War in China, 1937-1945, Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing Company, →ISBN, pages 94-95:

The schedule of the second phase of the COP15 global biodiversity talks in the southwestern Chinese city of Kunming in April is "likely to be affected" by new COVID-19 risks, environment ministry spokesman Liu Youbin said on Monday.
The second phase was supposed to see the completion of a new post-2020 global deal on biodiversity protection, following on the first round of talks in Kunming last October.

2022 January 23, Muyu Xu, David Stanway, “Biodiversity talks in China's Kunming in April may be affected by COVID”, in Christian Schmollinger, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-01-24, Environment:

A prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Yunnan, in southwestern China.


Lanzhou

Translingual: Lanzhousaurus

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation of 蘭州／兰州 (Lánzhōu).

zh-l

蘭州／兰州 (Lánzhōu)

Lanchow (alternative historical obsolete)
Lan-chou (alternative)

Construction of this expressway, linking Lanzhou with Wulumuchi, has continued further west as part of the central government’s attempt to equalize the balance of economic development between the prosperous east and the less developed western interior.

2008, William Lindesay, The Great Wall Revisited: From the Jade Gate to Old Dragon's Head, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 112:

In northwestern Gansu province, where nine local confirmed cases have been reported in the past week, primary and high schools in the provincial capital of Lanzhou, as well as in one county in Jiuquan city, have suspended offline classes.

2021 October 21, Ryan Woo, Roxanne Liu, Liangping Gao, “Parts of northern China brace for more COVID-19 lockdowns and curbs”, in Christian Schmollinger, Gerry Doyle, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-10-21, Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals:

A prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Gansu, in northwestern China.


Nanchang

c. 1600s, from the Mandarin 南昌 (Nánchāng, “Southern Prosperity”).

bor

Nan-ch'ang (alternative)
Nanch'ang (alternative)

But whilſt he was beſieging this City, there came, unfortunately, a new Army of Tartars from the Imperiall City of Peking , which had order to recover this Province of Kiangſi; and therefore Kinus was forced to raiſe his Siege to oppoſe their entrance by the Northern parts of the Country; And at firſt having a vaſt Army, and uſed to the Tartarian warfare, he fought both valiantly and happily; but not being able to ſuſtain any longer their redoubled violent aſſaults, he was forced to retire for his ſecurity to Nanchang, the chief City of that County; which City the Tartars durſt not venture to take by force, but reſolved to reduce it by a long Siege; for which end they gathered together a Company of Country Clowns to make a large and ſpacious Trench round about the City to the River, and there they placed Ships ſo as no Proviſion could poſſibly enter. This City of Nanchang is great and extremely full of inhabitants, beſides the multitude of Souldiers which defended it at that time; ſo as although Kinus had made great Proviſion for a Siege, yet after ſome moneths he came to great want and pennury; and yet he held it out though many dyed, expecting ſtil some ſuccours from the Emperor Fungley, which could not be sent;

1655, F. Alvarez Semedo, “Bellum Tartaricum”, in The History of That Great and Renowned Monarchy of China, E. Tyler, page 290:

The next day, being the 23. of April, we came in ſight of the firſt chief City of Nanchang, which is alſo called by ſome according to the name of the Province Kiangſi, where this is ſituated.

1669, John Nievhoff, translated by John Ogilby, An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, page 67:

Kiangſi is divided into thirteen Countries, containing 67 Cities ; the chief whereof is Nanchang , once the Metropolis of the Empire : Iaocheu, Quansin, Kicukiang, Kienchang, Linkiang, Kiegan, Kancheu, are other chief Cities.

1693, Robert Morden, “Of China”, in Geography Rectified; or a Description of the World, 3rd edition, page 440:

From Cancheu to Nanchang the Country is exceedingly beautiful, fruitful, and populous.

1703 February 10, Father De Chavagnac, “Father De Chavagnac, to Father Le Gobien”, in Tavels of the Jesuits, Footcheoo-foo, page 302:

On the 31st of July he arrived at Kiukiang, and in August, in company with the Rev. C. V. Hart, Superintendent of the Methodist Episcopal Mission, visited Nanchang, the capital of Kiangsi, which had been entered by Protestant missionaries but twice before, and in two days he sold 300 Portions.

1881, Sixty-Fifth Annual Report of the American Bible Society, New York, page 122:

The rows of towering buildings crowding the banks of the Gan River are a testament to the real estate boom that transformed Nanchang in eastern China from a gritty manufacturing hub to a modern urban center.[…]
As China’s economy prospered the last two decades, Nanchang, the capital of Jiangxi Province, erected sweeping apartment complexes and gleaming office towers to meet the increasing demand for homes and workplaces.

2023 May 25, Daisuke Wakabayashi, Claire Fu, “Once a Symbol of China’s Growth, Now a Sign of a Housing Crisis”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-05-25:

A prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Jiangxi, China.


Zhengzhou

/d͡ʒʌŋˈd͡ʒoʊ/

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 鄭州 /郑州 (Zhèngzhōu).

Cheng-chou (alternative)
Chêng-chou (alternative)
Chengchow (alternative)

Now outside in Zhengzhou, the city worst hit at the moment, which has had record rains hitting the highest level of rainfall since records were kept six decades ago, the streets have turned into brown rivers which have swallowed up traffic, and in an even more alarming development the military is saying that at a nearby city a major dam could actually burst and that soldiers have been mobilized there to blast around the dam in an attempt to divert flood waters, take the pressure off the dam, in the hope that, what they're talking about is already is a sort of twenty meter fissure in the dam, it can avoid having that dam being burst, which would obviously also be a really terrible development.

July 21, 2021, Steven McDonald, 3:13 from the start, in Twelve die as rain floods train tunnel in China, BBC News, archived from the original on 2021-07-24:

The testing will begin in Henan's provincial capital of Zhengzhou before the end of May, authorities said, according to the report, to help with "identifying potential risks" quickly.

2022 May 23, “Chinese province of nearly 100 million to Covid test every two days”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2022-05-23:

A prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Henan, in central China.


Taiyuan

T'ai-yüan (alternative)
T'ai-yuan (alternative)

"On Wednesday 7th August 1901 a party from T'ai Yüan Fu, consisting of Mr. Duncan, Dr. Creasy Smith, Major Pereira, and Dr. Edwards, arrived to take part in the memorial service ; Mr. Hoste and Mr. Ernest Taylor of the China Inland Mission having arrived a day or two earlier.

[1903 [1901 August 9], “Appendix”, in Fire and Sword in Shansi: The Story of the Martyrdom of Foreigners and Chinese Christians, Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier, →OCLC, page 318:

Shansi (population 12,000,000): On the surface Taiyuan, the capital of Shansi, appears as calm as Sian, only more down at heel. Grass is sprouting in the cracks of the Jap runways on the airfield but smoke rises from the chimneys of foundries and textile plants.[…]
One discovers with shock how deeply the Japanese burrowed into North China. In backwoods Taiyuan there are 25,000 Japanese civilians, most of whom were put down here to mine Shansi’s coal.

1945 November 12, Charles J. V. Murphy, “China Reborn”, in Life, volume 19, number 20, Chicago: Time Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 113, column 1:

The commitment was made at a meeting held in commemoration of Tomb-Sweeping Day and the third anniversary of President Chiang’s passing on April 5, at Yuanshan in front of the Shrine of the 500 Heroes (dedicated to those who fought to the end at Taiyuan, Shansi province, against the Communists in April 1949).

1978 April 9, “Freedom-seekers vow to defeat Reds”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIX, number 14, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1:

Taiyuan, the capital of the province, lies on the upper reaches of the Fen surrounded by irrigated ricelands, orchards and vineyards on the mountain slopes, with enormous seams of coal underground. In Shansi all roads lead to Taiyuan, but the roads that radiate out of Taiyuan in every direction lead nowhere.

1983, William Hinton, “Introduction: Shansi, Land of the Oxhide Lanterns”, in Shenfan, New York: Vintage Books, published 1984, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page xxxiv:

A group of Maoists commemorating the 35th anniversary of Mao Zedong’s death in the northern Chinese city of Taiyuan was violently broken up by police. Chinese authorities have no patience for these Mao-lovers, who seem to have forgotten the former communist leader’s authoritarian streak and retained only the idyllic vision of a fairer society.

2011 September 23, Ségolène Malterre, “Modern-day Maoists worry Chinese authorities”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2015-12-28:

A prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Shanxi, in northern China.


Tartu

From Estonian Tartu, from earlier Tarbatu, ultimately from tarvas (“aurochs”), qv.


Kohtla-Järve

A city and municipality in northeastern Estonia.


Laval

en-proper noun

Laval (countable and uncountable, plural Lavals)

A large city in southwestern Quebec, Canada; a suburb of Montreal.


Jolly

* Cognate to the French name Jolie. It derives from the Old French word joli (merriness).
* In Punjab (India) it is a corruption of the word jalli.

A minor city in Clay County, Texas, United States.


Winthrop

From wines (“friend's”) + þorp (“village”).

Any of a number of places in England, the United States of America, and elsewhere.


Floyd

en-prop

Floyd (countable and uncountable, plural Floyds)

Anglicisation of the Welsh name Lloyd, from Welsh llwyd (“grey, grey-haired”).

A tiny city in Floyd County, Iowa, United States.


Plains

A number of places in the United States:


Maitland

en-proper noun

Maitland (countable and uncountable, plural Maitlands)

Uncertain, possibly a nickname for an ungracious individual, from Anglo-Norman maltalent (“bad temper”). However, it could also derive from the French village of Mautalant, in Normandy.

A city and local government area in New South Wales, Australia.

A suburban city in Orange County, Florida, United States.

A minor city in Holt County, Missouri, United States.


Louisville

Louisville, KY area

US outside Louisville, KY area

Named after King Louis XVI of France, equivalent to Louis + -ville.

Jefferson County
Jefferson County#English

A city, the county seat of Jefferson County, Georgia, United States.

A city, the county seat of Jefferson County, Kentucky.

A city, the county seat of Winston County, Mississippi.


Belize City

The largest city and former capital of Belize.


Nagano

Borrowed from Japanese 長(なが)野(の) (Nagano).

The capital city of Nagano Prefecture, Japan.


Wakkanai

From Japanese 稚内 (Wakkanai), ultimately from Ainu ヤㇺ ワッカ ナイ (yam wakka nay, “cold water river”).

der

A city in Sōya subprefecture, on the north coast of Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan.


Kagoshima

From Japanese 鹿(か)児(ご)島(しま) (Kagoshima).

The capital city of Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.


Kumamoto

Borrowed from Japanese 熊本(くまもと) (Kumamoto).

The capital city of Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan.


Agrinio

A city in Greece located in the Aitolia-Akarnania prefecture.


Golconda

From Urdu گولْکُنْڈَہ (golkunḍa), itself from Telugu గొల్లకొండ (gollakoṇḍa), from గొల్ల (golla, “of or pertaining to shepherds”) + కొండ (koṇḍa, “hill”).

Fifty years ago, there were more than twenty places in the kingdom of Golconda, in which diamonds of different sizes were found…

1827, John Lee Comstock, Elements of Mineralogy:

A fortress and ruined city in Telangana, India. It is historically famous for nearby diamond mining.

A small city, the county seat of Pope County, Illinois, United States. Named after Golconda in India.


Kimberley

English place name "wood or clearing of Kyneburga (a seventh century female saint)", from Old English cyne- (“royal”) + burh (“fortress”) + lēah (“leigh, clearing”).

The capital city of the Northern Cape, South Africa, noted for diamond mining.

A city in southeast British Columbia, Canada.

British Columbia
British Columbia#English


Wakefield

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

An industrial city and metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England; traditionally a centre for the cloth and coal industries.

A number of places in the United States:

A city and township in Gogebic County, Michigan.

A city in Dixon County and Wayne County, Nebraska.


McIntosh

en-proper noun

McIntosh (countable and uncountable, plural McIntoshes)

Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Mac an Tòisiche.

A city, the county seat of Corson County, South Dakota.


Scandia

A city and town in Kansas, United States.


Nash

Nash (countable and uncountable, plural Nashes)

A city in Bowie County, Texas; named for railroad executive Martin Manny Nash.


Valdosta

Named after George Troup's plantation in the area, in turn named after the alpine Italian region of Val d'Osta.

A city, the county seat of Lowndes County, Georgia, United States, population 43,724 (2000 U.S. Census)


Hahira

Unknown; according to one source, named after a West African village Hairaairee; another links it to the biblical placename Hahiroth, from Hebrew הַחִירֹת.

der

Hebrew הַחִירֹת


Decatur

A city, the county seat of Morgan County, Alabama.

A city, the county seat of DeKalb County, Georgia, United States.

A city, the county seat of Macon County, Illinois.

A city, the county seat of Adams County, Indiana.

A city, the county seat of Wise County, Texas.


Marietta

A city, the county seat of Cobb County, Georgia.

A tiny city in Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota.

Lac qui Parle County
Lac qui Parle County#English

A city, the county seat of Washington County, Ohio.

Washington County
Washington County#English

A city, the county seat of Love County, Oklahoma.


Warner Robins

The air base in this region was called Wellston Army Air Depot when it opened in 1942. The first commander, Colonel Charles E. Thomas, had it renamed in honor of his mentor, Augustine Warner Robins.


Quitman

Places with said name, are likely to be named after American politician John A. Quitman.

A city, the county seat of Brooks County, Georgia, United States.

A city, the county seat of Clarke County, Mississippi.

A small city, the county seat of Wood County, Texas.


Clarksburg

A city, the county seat of Harrison County, West Virginia, United States.


Fairmont

A number of places in the United States:

A city, the county seat of Martin County, Minnesota.

A city, the county seat of Marion County, West Virginia.


Fall River

A city in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States.


Pittsfield

Berkshire County
Berkshire County#English

A city, the county seat of Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States.

A city, the county seat of Pike County, Illinois, United States.


Parkersburg

A city, the county seat of Wood County, West Virginia, United States.


Wheeling

A city, the county seat of Ohio County, West Virginia, United States.


Skagway

A city and borough of Alaska, United States.


Two Rivers

From 2 + river.
From having two rivers in the region.
* (surname): From American New World indigenous languages

Two-Rivers (alternative)
Two River (alternative)
Two-River (alternative)

A city and town in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin.

Manitowoc County
Manitowoc County#English


Valdez

en:Valdez
en:Valdez (surname)
en:Valdez, Alaska

en-proper noun

Valdez (countable and uncountable, plural Valdezes)

From Spanish Valdez, from Asturian Valdés.

(uncountable) A city in Alaska, United States.


Cadillac

From French Cadillac, from Occitan Cadilhac.
Most places or objects named Cadillac are named for Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac, a French explorer who founded the eponymous city in Maine and later the city of Detroit, Michigan.

A city, the county seat of Wexford County, Michigan, United States.


Antananarivo

安塔那那利佛

Āntǎnànàlìfó

அண்டனானரீவோ

aṇṭaṉāṉarīvō


Dar es Salaam

/ˌdɑːɹ.ɛs.səˈlɑːm/

From Arabic دَار اَلسَّلَام (dār as-salām, “house of peace”).

bor

دَار اَلسَّلَام

The largest city in Tanzania, and former capital (till 1974).


Galway

Anglicization of Irish Gaillimh, of uncertain meaning, said to mean "stony' (referring to the River Corrib). If so, it probably derives from Old Irish calad (“hard”); compare caillou, of Gaulish origin.


Weimar

en-proper noun

Weimar (countable and uncountable, plural Weimars)

An independent city in Thuringia, Germany.


Minna

Morocca says that, since the ambulances came from Minna, he’s sure the road is safe.

2023, Stephen Buoro, The Five Sorrowful Mysteries of Andy Africa, Bloomsbury Circus, page 174:

The largest city and state capital of Niger State, Nigeria.


Tainan

From Mandarin 臺南／台南 (Táinán), meaning "South Taiwan". Officially named ca. 1885 with the creation of Tainan Prefecture.

zh-l

臺南／台南 (Táinán)

Camphora officinarum, Nees. The aggregate exports of camphor from China have increased considerably of late years. They were 22,231 cwt. in 1892, and 40,763 cwt. in 1893. The island of Formosa yields the principal quantities, the yearly output being now as much as 41,650 cwt., shipped from the ports of Tamsui and Tainan.

1895 March, P. L. Simmonds, “Notes on Some Saps and Secretions Used in Pharmacy”, in American Journal of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, page 128:

The Council of the Mission, at its headquarters in Tainan appeals to the Church at home to make the jubilee year worthy of the name by an endeavor to reach with the Gospel the yet unevangelized tribes of uncivilized aborigines on the eastern side of the island.

1914 October, “Unreached Aborigines of Formosa”, in Missionary Review of the World, volume XXXVII, number 10, page 790:

"Without him, what kind of life would we have today," sobbed an old man from Tainan.

1975 April 20, “President Chiang still lives in hearts of people”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVI, number 15, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 8:

Taiwan was fighting against time on Sunday to rescue some 120 people believed to be trapped in a building, which collapsed on Saturday when a 6.4-magnitude earthquake rocked the southern city of Tainan.

2016 February 7, “After earthquake, Taiwan fighting against time to rescue trapped survivors”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2016-05-17:

A major city in southern Taiwan, dating to the 16th century


Chilpancingo

Borrowed from Spanish Chilpancingo, from a Nahuan language.

A city, the state capital of Guerrero, Mexico.


Cairns

* As a Scottish surname, from Scots cairn, describing a manmade heap or mound of stones.
* As an Irish surname, from Ó Ciaráin, Anglicized as Kieran and Kearns, sometimes conflated with the Scottish above.

Carnes (alternative)
Carns (alternative)

A city and port in Queensland, Australia, named after William Cairns.


Pickering

en-proper noun

Pickering (countable and uncountable, plural Pickerings)

Pickerings (plural)
Pickron (alternative)

A city in the Regional Municipality of Durham, Ontario, Canada.

A minor city in Nodaway County, Missouri, United States.


Mende

A commune, the capital of Lozère department, Occitania, France.


Calexico

A city in Imperial County, California, United States.


Maputo

Then came a rough exultant voice, ‘This is the Voice of Zimbabwe broadcasting from Maputo!’

2006, Tsitsi Dangarembga, The Book of Not, Faber & Faber Limited (2021), page 114:


Xi'an

Cambridge University Press
Giant Wild Goose Pagoda
Ming Dynasty
Xi'an
Yuan Dynasty

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 西安 (Xī'ān), usually glossed as meaning "Western Peace" but inclusive of the idea of "Western Pacification" or "Pacified Area", first adopted under the Ming Dynasty in 1369 as the city was conquered from the Yuan and protected with a new wall. An apostrophe is usually required in pinyin to mark any non-initial syllable beginning with a, o, or e in a multi-syllable word. (See 隔音符號 /隔音符号 (géyīn fúhào) for more.) In this case, the apostrophe happens to distinguish the two separate syllables of xī and ān from the monosyllabic words xiān, xián, xiǎn, and xiàn.

Xian (alternative proscribed sometimes)
Sian (alternative obsolete)
Sianfu (alternative obsolete)
Hsian (alternative obsolete)
Hsi-an (alternative obsolete)
Hsi-an-fu (alternative obsolete)
Singan (alternative obsolete)
Si-ngan (alternative obsolete)
Si-ngan-fou (alternative obsolete)

THE SILK ROAD was actually a perilous network of routes. It was hazardous to monks and pilgrims carrying Buddhist teachings between India and China and even more hazardous to traders, who intended to exchange gold, wool, horses, jade, and glass for silk. The road started in what is now Xi'an, in Shaanxi Province, traversed a barren crust of earth through treacherous mountains and desert across Central Asia to Antioch and Tyre; the last lap, to Europe and Egypt, was by water to other Mediterranean ports.

1984 January, Nina Hyde, “The Queen of Textiles”, in National Geographic, volume 165, number 1, page 30:

We began the trip at the ancient capital of Xi'an, where the Chinese put on an elaborate and beautiful welcoming ceremony. The next day we had the opportunity to walk among the rows of the famous terra-cotta warriors, and to have a roundtable discussion with Chinese citizens in the small village of Xiahe.

2005, Bill Clinton, My Life, volume II, New York: Vintage Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 434:

Then on Wednesday, after our formal talks concluded, Joan, Eleanor, and I traveled to the ancient city of Xi'an, home of the extraordinary exhibit of terra-cotta soldiers.

2010, Walter Mondale, David Hage, The Good Fight: A Life in Liberal Politics, Scribner, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 220:

The scheme was simple: Stuff cotton into air-monitoring equipment so that the air being read would be filtered and seem cleaner.
The people doing this to produce better — but false — air-quality readings in Xi’an, the provincial capital of Shaanxi, got away with it for months, until inspectors noticed irregularities in the data.

2016 October 28, Edward Wong, Vanessa Piao, “When China Wants Better Air Readings, Cotton Does the Trick”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-10-30, Asia Pacific:

Quite how the other 7,999 or so warriors — each about 6ft tall and weighing just over 28 stone — were made more than 2,000 years ago, however, has long been a subject of debate, with experts questioning how the intricately carved figures could have been produced on site in Xi’an, northwestern China.

2023 March 31, Didi Tang, “Terracotta Army’s broken arms may solve mystery of its creation”, in The Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-31:

The provincial capital of Shaanxi, China; a subprovincial city in central China famed as the former capital of numerous Chinese dynasties, also known as Chang'an among other historical names.

شِيَان

capital of Shaanxi and former capital of China — see also Chang'an


Tórshavn

From Faroese Tórshavn, from Old Norse Þórshǫfn (“Thor's Haven”).


Graham

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Graham.wav

Scottish surname originating from a place Grantham in Lincolnshire, possibly from Old English grand (“gravel”) + hām (“homestead”). As a given name, possibly from Old English græghama "grey-coated one" (ie, wolf).

Graeme (alternative)
Grahame (alternative)

A number of places in the United States:

A city, the county seat of Alamance County, North Carolina.

A city, the county seat of Young County, Texas.


Bethel

From Hebrew בֵּיתְאֵל (betél, “Bethel”, literally “house of Ēl/God”).

bor

Any of several places in the United States: