Ulaanbaatar

/ˌuːlɑːn ˈbɑːtə(ɹ)/

Transliteration of Mongolian Улаанбаатар (Ulaanbaatar), a compound of улаан (ulaan, “red”, adjective) and баатар (baatar, “hero”, cognate to bogatyr). The name was adopted in 1924; before that, the city was known by a number of more prosaic names, including Их Хүрээ (Ix Xüree, “Great Camp”), Даа Хүрээ (Daa Xüree, “Great Camp”) (whence, via Chinese, its English names Kulun and Kuren), and Өргөө (Örgöö, “Residence”) (whence Urga).

translit

Alternative form: Ulan Bator

Mongolia's capital city of Ulaanbaatar has its share of tourist attractions - Genghis Khan Square, the National Museum, the State Opera and Ballet Theatre. But Ger Community Mapping Center guide Tuguldur Chuluunbaatar wants to highlight a different part of the city; a part that's often ignored.

2017 January 25, Anne Bailey, “Mapping air pollution to conquer it in Mongolia's capital”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2017-01-25, Environment:

Mongolia will supply critical metals to France needed for its energy transition, President Emmanuel Macron said on Sunday during the first ever visit to Ulaanbaatar by a serving French president.

2023 May 21, Michel Rose, “Mongolia to supply critical metals to France, Macron says”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-05-22, Commodities:

In one of the rooms of the center, which will also serve as a temporary shelter for immigrants who arrive in the city without any point of reference, Francis recalled that when the first missionaries arrived in Ulaanbaatar in the 1990s, they immediately felt a call to charity.

2023 September 4, “Pope visits charity center in Mongolia, says Church not driven by proselytization”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2023-09-07:


Dhaka

Dacca (alternative archaic)
Dakka (alternative dated)
Decca (alternative archaic)


Islamabad

/ɪzˈlɑːməˌbɑːd/

/ɪsˈlɑːməˌbɑːd/

From Urdu اسلام آباد (islām ābād). Equivalent to Islam + -abad.

bor

Urdu اسلام آباد (islām ābād)

Islamabad Capital Territory
Islamabad Capital Territory

The capital city of Pakistan, located within the Islamabad Capital Territory.

The former name of Chittagong, a city in present-day Bangladesh.


Thimphu

Borrowed from Dzongkha ཐིམ་ཕུ (thim phu).

bor+

Bhutan, the tiny 'Land of the Thunder Dragon' in South Asia, is a polar contrast to what one might associate with any of its closest neighbors, China, India, Nepal, or Bangladesh. For instance, Thimphu, its most populous city, is the only capital city in the world without a single traffic light. The city’s busiest intersection is still managed by a traffic policeman directing vehicles using flamboyant hand movements accentuated by his white gloves – apparently all the traffic intervention the 114,000 residents need.

2024 September 16, “A fledgling democracy, Bhutan aims for gender equality and public engagement in governing”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2024-09-19, Asia:


Ashgabat

Borrowed from Turkmen Aşgabat, from Classical Persian عِشْقآبَاد (išq-ābād, literally “city of love”), compound of عِشْق (išq, “love”) + آبَاد (ābād, “city”).
Alternatively, some historians believe that the city was originally named after Ashk/Arshk, the founder of the Arsacid Dynasty, and hold that the term عِشْق (išq) was a reinterpretation influenced by folk etymology.

af

Aşgabat (alternative)
Ashkabad (alternative)
Ashkhabad (alternative)
Ashqabat (alternative)

The capital and largest city of Turkmenistan.


Baku

From Russian Баку́ (Bakú), from Azerbaijani Bakı. For further etymology, see Baku on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

COPs have been held in petrostates before. But fossil fuel interests appeared truly unleashed in Baku — potentially emboldened by the imminent arrival of Donald Trump in the White House, a man who has vowed to “drill, baby, drill” and pull the US out of the Paris climate agreement.

2024 November 25, Laura Paddison, “The UN climate summit ended in bitterness and accusations of betrayal. Now fears are growing for its future”, in CNN:


Yerevan

/ˌjeɹəˈvæːn/

/ˌjeɹəˈvɑːn/

Erevan (alternative)
Erewan (alternative)
Erivan (alternative)

Before long Abbas Mirza suffered a succession of defeats, which culminated in the capture of Erivan, today capital of Armenia.

1990, Peter Hopkirk, The Great Game, Folio Society, published 2010, page 99:

Crammed to the gills with history, it nestles in the shadow of Mount Ararat and has a medieval centre but it's Yerevan's religious heritage that is its main claim to fame.

2009 September 26, Geoff Garvey, The Guardian:

The capital and largest city of Armenia.


Santiago

/sæntiˈɑːɡəʊ/

Chinese Filipino
Guan Yu
James, brother of Jesus
Jose Rizal
Santiago
Santiago (disambiguation)

From Spanish Santiago, ellision of earlier Sant'Iago and Sant Iago, from Latin Sanctus Iācōbus (“Saint James or holy James”), the latter word deriving from Ancient Greek Ἰάκωβος (Iákōbos), from Hebrew יַעֲקֹב (ya‘ăqṓḇ, “Jacob”, literally “he will/shall heel”), from עָקֵב (‘āqḗḇ, “heel”) and the Biblical account of the patriarch Jacob's birth in Genesis 25:26. Piecewise doublet of Saint James.
The Guan Yu sense among Chinese Filipinos in the Philippines is due to a syncretic association of the deified Chinese general with St. James, who are both known for their assertiveness and heroism, which non-Chinese and people in the Philippines like Jose Rizal during the 19th century first associated with and/or surmised the Chinese folk deities venerated by Chinese Filipinos on Chinese altars and prints with popular Christian or Muslim figures.

der

Santiago del Estero
Santiago del Estero#English

Short for Santiago del Estero, a city in Argentina.

On 12 February 1541 Valdivia founded the city of Santiago, but within six months it was destroyed by Araucanian Indians, one of the most bellicose peoples encountered by the Spaniards; […]

1992, Edwin Williamson, The Penguin history of Latin America, London, New York: Penguin Books, →ISBN, page 34:

Places in Chile:
The capital city of Chile.

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English

Places in the Dominican Republic:
A city in the Dominican Republic.

The capital city of Puriscal canton, San José Province, Costa Rica.

The capital city of Veraguas Province, Panama.

A city in Misiones department, Paraguay.

Places in the Philippines:
A city in the Philippines.

Santiago de Compostela
Santiago de Compostela#English

Synonym of Santiago de Compostela, a city in Galicia, Spain, a major Christian pilgrimage site.


San Salvador

From Spanish San Salvador (“Holy Savior”), various places named in honor of Jesus Christ, from Spanish salvador, from Latin salvator, from salvāre (“to save”) + -tor (suffix forming agent nouns).


Tegucigalpa

/tɛˌɡuːsiˈɡælpə/

From Spanish Tegucigalpa, from Classical Nahuatl.

But on Friday, a U.S. Air Force plane carrying more than 70 deportees arrived around midday in the city of San Pedro Sula, about 100 miles northwest of Tegucigalpa, the capital.

2025 February 1, Annie Correal, “U.S. Military Planes Deliver Deportees to Honduras”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


Paramaribo

/pɑɹəˈmɑːɹɪbəʊ/

/ˌpɑɹəˈmɑɹəˌboʊ/


Port of Spain

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Port of Spain.wav

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English

The capital city of Trinidad and Tobago.


Port-au-Prince

/ˌpɔːtəʊˈpɹɪns/

/ˌpɔːtəʊˈpɹæ̃s/

/ˌpɔɹtoʊˈpɹæ̃s/


Kingston

In the case of settlements outside England, from king's + -ton (“town”), in reference to monarchs of the British Empire. In the case of settlements within England, a development from earlier Old English Cinges tūn or Cynges tūn (“king's town or manor”), in reference to various monarchs. Sometimes derived from other places already named Kingston or, particularly in America, from people with the surname King. Doublet of Kingstown, Kingstone, Conington, and Cunnington. Cf. also Kingsville, Kingsburg, Conisbrough, Coniston, Coniston Cold, Queenstown, Queenston, Princeton, Princetown, and Princes Town.
In particular, the community founded in New Brunswick in 1783 in the aftermath of the American Revolution may have been named as a sign of loyalty to George III; its parish was named for the community. The village in Nova Scotia was named for its district (Kings County) and the unrealized hope that it would become a town. The surname is derived from the various locations named Kingston.

doublet

The capital and largest city of Jamaica; it is also the capital of its eponymous parish.

Places in Australia:
The capital of Norfolk Island.

Frontenac County
Frontenac County#English

Places in Canada:
A city in Frontenac County, Ontario.

Places in the United States:
A small city in Bartow County, Georgia.

A small city, the county seat of Caldwell County, Missouri.

A city, the county seat of Ulster County, New York.

A city, the county seat of Roane County, Tennessee.


Santo Domingo

The capital city of the Dominican Republic.

سَانْتُو دُومِينْجُو

the capital city of the Dominican Republic


San José

Alternative form of San Jose, a city in California, United States.


San Jose

From Spanish San José (“Saint Joseph”) (Anglicized with removal of accent).

San Jose, the county seat, is jokingly referred to as “Man Jose” by the locals, and with good reason: In the 22 to 29 age cohort, Santa Clara County has 37,410 never-married, college-grad men versus 27,147 never-married, college-grad women.

2015, Jon Birger, Date-onomics: How Dating Became a Lopsided Numbers Game, Hachette UK, →ISBN:

Santa Clara County
Santa Clara County#English

A large city, the county seat of Santa Clara County, California, United States


Livonia

From Latin Livonia, from Estonian liiv (“sand”).

A number of places in the United States:


Baltic

From Latin Balticus, from Latin Balthae (“dwellers near the Baltic sea”), equivalent to Balt + -ic. The ultimate origin is uncertain, but possibilities include:
* From North Germanic *baltaz (“strait”), in reference to the narrow entranceway of the sea. This word itself could be borrowed from Lithuanian baltas (“white”) or related to Proto-Germanic *baltijaz (“belt”) (see below).
* Related to Lithuanian baltas (“white”) and Proto-Slavic *bolto (“swamp, bog, mud”), which are from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“white”).
* Related to Latin balteus (“belt”) (compare Proto-Germanic *baltijaz), referring to the Danish straits, "the Belts". This is suggested by Adam of Bremen, who in the 11th century first recorded the name (Balticus, eo quod in modum baltei longo tractu per Scithicas regiones tendatur usque in Greciam).
More at Baltic.

der

Minnehaha County
Minnehaha County#English

A city in Minnehaha County, South Dakota.


Mora

A city, the county seat of Kanabec County, Minnesota, United States. Named after Mora, Sweden, see also Swedish Mora.


Lyons

From Old French Lyons (nominative of Lyon), from the Roman name, Latin Lugdūnum (“fort of Lug”), named after Lugus, a Celtic deity, from Proto-Celtic *Lugus.

bor

nominative of <i class="Latn mention" lang="fro">Lyon</i>

Alternative form of Lyon, the capital city of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France.

Lyon

A city, the county seat of Toombs County, Georgia.

A city, the county seat of Rice County, Kansas.


Lyon

From French Lyon (supplanting earlier Lyons, derived from the Old French nominative form), from the Roman name, Latin Lugdūnum (“fort of Lug”), named after Lugus, a Celtic deity, from Proto-Celtic *Lugus.

Lions (alternative obsolete)
Lyons (alternative)

Lyon was not a very cheerful town at night. It was a big, heavy, solid-money town, probably fine if you had money and liked that sort of town. For years I had heard about the wonderful chicken in the restaurants there, but we had eaten mutton instead.

1964, Ernest Hemingway, A Moveable Feast, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 152:

The third largest city in France; the capital of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.


Andorra la Vella

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Andorra la Vella.wav

From Catalan Andorra la Vella (“Andorra the Old”).


St. John's

The civil parish of Prince Edward Island is named after Saint John, with the name being a reference to a former name of the island (St. John's Island). Coined by British-Dutch surveyor Samuel Holland.

coin

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda#English

The capital and largest city of Antigua and Barbuda.

Alternative form: Saint John's

Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador#English

The capital and largest city of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.

سانت جونز

provincial capital of Newfoundland and Labrador


Bridgetown

/ˈbɹɪd͡ʒˌtaʊn/

en:Bridgetown (disambiguation)
en:Tobias Bridge

From bridge + town or Bridge + town
* (Barbados): From being named after Tobias Bridge, and a former name, Indian Bridge, which in turn was named for a native bridge over the river Careenage in Bridgetown.

The capital city of Barbados in Saint Michael parish.


Belmopan

Blend of Belize + Mopan. Both are names of rivers.


Porto-Novo

The official capital of Benin. The de-facto capital is Cotonou.


Gaborone

/ˌɡæbəˈɹəʊni/

Named after chief Gaborone. The name itself apparently derives from Tswana [Term?] (“it does not fit badly”), from the verb rona (“to be unsuitable”).


Brasília

Distrito Federal
Distrito Federal#English

A municipality, the capital city of Brazil; the capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil.


Ouagadougou

/ˈwɑːɡəˈduːɡuː/

From French Ouagadougou, from a local name such as Moore Waogdgo and Farefare Wɔgdɔgɔ.

Perhaps he was there right now, in Ouagadougou, taking a last detour to revisit friends before passing on to eternity, wherever that is.

2010, Helon Habila, Oil on Water, AudioGO (2011), page 250:


Bujumbura

/ˌbuːdʒəmˈbʊəɹə/

/ˌbuːd͡ʒəmˈbʊɹə/

The largest city, and former capital, of Burundi.


Yaoundé

/ˌjɑːʊnˈdeɪ/


Praia

From Portuguese praia (“beach”).
Named after Praia de Santa Maria which is now Praia da Gamboa


Bangui

French Oubangui. Named after its location on the northern bank of the Ubangi River; the Ubangi itself was named from the Bangi word for the "rapids" located beside the settlement.

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English

The capital city of the Central African Republic.


N'Djamena

/ənd͡ʒɑːˈmeɪnɑː/

Renamed from Fort-Lamy on April 6, 1973 by President François Tombalbaye, after the Arabic name of a nearby village, نِجَامِينَا (nijāmīnā), meaning “place of rest”, as part of his authenticité program of Africanization.

The capital city of Chad, located at the Chari river opposite Kousséri, Cameroon.


Moroni

From French Moroni, from Ngazidja Comorian Mroni, from mroni (“at the river”).


Moroni

Possibly equivalent to Etymology 1 through Joseph Smith hearing of the Comorian city and transferring the name to the angel.


Brazzaville

/ˈbɹɑːzəvɪl/

Borrowed from French Brazzaville, from Brazza + ville (“city”). Named after Italian-French explorer Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza (1852–1905), who officially founded the settlement in 1880.

named-after

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English

The capital and largest city in the Republic of the Congo.

Brazzaville

the capital of the Republic of the Congo


Kinshasa

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

The capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Zaire), in the western part of the country on the Congo River.

Kinshasa

the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo


Yamoussoukro

the official and administrative capital of Ivory Coast.

Yamoussoukro

official/administrative capital of Ivory Coast


Abidjan

/ˌæb.ɪˈd͡ʒɑn/

/ˌæb.əˈd͡ʒɑn/

/ˈæb.əˌd͡ʒɑn/

From the Ebrié expression min-chan m'bidjan (literally “I just cut the leaves”).

The de facto capital and largest city of Ivory Coast.


Djibouti City

The city of Djibouti, the capital of the Republic of Djibouti.


Roseau

A city, the county seat of Roseau County, Minnesota, United States.


Malabo

Equatorial Guinea is one of Africa’s smallest countries, with just over 850,000 residents. Bata is one of the country’s two cities with populations of more than 30,000, the other being the island-based capital Malabo.

2021 March 7, Marlon Sorto, Hira Humayun and Susannah Cullinane, “Equatorial Guinea blasts kill more than 12, injure hundreds”, in CNN:

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English


Suva

Borrowed from Fijian Suva, from suva (“mound”), from Proto-Central Eastern Oceanic *supa.


Libreville

From French Libreville (literally “free town”).


Banjul

I gathered she had a love problem – a young policeman in Banjul whom she rarely saw – and a big plan […] for a family gathering, to which the policeman would be invited.

2016, Zadie Smith, Swing Time, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 219:


St. George's

The town in Newfoundland is named for its close proximity to Cape St. George and St. George's Bay.
The civil parish of Prince Edward Island is named after Saint George (died 303). Coined by British-Dutch surveyor Samuel Holland.


Conakry

/ˌkɒnəˈkɹiː/

/ˈkɑːnəkɹiː/


Astana

From Kazakh Астана (Astana), meaning capital, from Classical Persian آستانه (āstāna).

Astana

the capital city of Kazakhstan — see also Nur-Sultan, Akmola, Akmolinsk


Perry

en-prop

Perry (countable and uncountable, plural Perrys or Perries)

A number of places in the United States:

A city, the county seat of Taylor County, Florida.

A city, the county seat of Houston County, Georgia.

Jefferson County
Jefferson County#English

A minor city in Jefferson County, Kansas.

Shiawassee County
Shiawassee County#English

A city, the county seat of Noble County, Oklahoma.

Box Elder County
Box Elder County#English


Leeds

* The large city in West Yorkshire is from Old English Loidis, from Latin *Lādenses, most likely based on an early river-name derived from Proto-Celtic *lāto (“rut, heat”) (cf. Welsh llawd (“heat, ardour”)).
* The village in Kent is from Old English Hledes, probably from a stream-name.

City of Leeds
Leeds
Leeds (disambiguation)
Leeds, Kent

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

A large city and metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England.

St. Clair County
St. Clair County#English

A city in Jefferson County, St. Clair County and Shelby County, Alabama.

A minor city and township in Benson County, North Dakota.


Pompey

I think it is a libel, for I have yet to learn that West Country sailor-men are fonder of their victuals than those from 'Pompey' (Portsmouth), or 'Chats' (Chatham), or than Scotsmen, Irishmen, or Welshmen.

1918, Chambers's Journal, volume 95, page 393:

(slang) The city of Portsmouth, England.


Pompey

From French Pompey; earliest attested name: Pompangio (896).

A city in Meurthe-et-Moselle department, France


Abbott

An occupational surname for someone employed by an abbot. In the U.S., sometimes an anglicization of Italian Abate, Spanish Abad or German Abt. Doublet of Abad.

Abbett (alternative)
Abbitt (alternative)
Abbot (alternative)
Abbotts (alternative)
Abott (alternative)

Abat

surnames derived from the equivalents of “abbot”

A minor city in Hill County, Texas, named after Joseph Abbott.


Stephenson

en-proper noun

Stephenson (countable and uncountable, plural Stephensons)

Menominee County
Menominee County#English

A township and city therein, in Menominee County, Michigan, United States.


Peshawar

Parashawar (alternative archaic)
Peshour (alternative archaic)
Pershawer (alternative archaic)
Peshawur (alternative archaic)
Purshawar (alternative archaic)

/pɛˈʃəˌwɑːr/

Borrowed from Urdu پشاور (piśāvar), a corruption of Classical Persian پَرَشَاوَر (parašāwar), ultimately from Sanskrit पुरूषपुर (purūṣapura).

der

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa#English

A city, the provincial capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.


Lahore

Borrowed from Urdu لاہَور (lāhaur), further etymology is disputed. There are multiple interpretations of this name's origin:
* A legend claims it to be from Sanskrit लव (lava, “Lava”) + पुर (pura, “fortress; city”), literally “city of Lava”, from Ramayana, a Hindu epic.
* From Punjabi لوہار (lohār, “blacksmith”) / ਲੋਹਾਰ (lohār), ਲੁਹਾਰ (luhār).
* Corruption of Sanskrit रवावर (ravāvara), ultimately from इरावती (irāvatī, “the Ravi River”).

unk

further etymology is disputed.

com

The second largest city of Pakistan and the provincial capital of Punjab; located on the Ravi river


Zahedan

Sistan and Baluchestan
Sistan and Baluchestan#English

A city in Iran, the seat of Zahedan County's Central District, and the capital of Sistan and Baluchestan Province.


Gilgit

Gilgit is one of the two important hubs for mountaineering expeditions to the peaks in the Karakoram range. The other hub is Skardu.

The capital of Gilgit-Baltistan administrative region of Pakistan, situated near Karakoram Highway (KKH).


Tarbes

A city, the capital of Hautes-Pyrénées department, Occitania, in southern France. It was the second largest city in the former Midi-Pyrénées Region, after Toulouse.


St. Petersburg

St.-Petersburg (alternative)
St Petersburg (alternative)
St-Petersburg (alternative)
Saint Petersburg (alternative)
Saint-Petersburg (alternative)

A city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States.


Marion

en-prop

Marion (countable and uncountable, plural Marions)

From Middle English Marion, from Old French Marion, a diminutive of Marie, used in England since the Middle Ages.

A number of places in the United States:

A city, the county seat of Perry County, Alabama.

Crittenden County
Crittenden County#English

A city, the county seat of Crittenden County, Arkansas.

Williamson County
Williamson County#English

A city, the county seat of Williamson County, Illinois.

A city, the county seat of Grant County, Indiana.

A small city, the county seat of Marion County, Kansas.

A home rule city, the county seat of Crittenden County, Kentucky.

A city, the county seat of McDowell County, North Carolina. Named after Francis Marion.

A small city in LaMoure County, North Dakota.

A city, the county seat of Marion County, Ohio.

A city, the county seat of Marion County, South Carolina.

A small city in Turner County, South Dakota.

Guadalupe County
Guadalupe County#English

A small city in Guadalupe County, Texas.

A city in Shawano County and Waupaca County, Wisconsin.


Chinook

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Chinook.wav

Chinook Jargon
Chinook, Montana
Chinookan languages
Columbia river

From Lower Chehalis c̓inúk (the name of a Chinook village on the Columbia river).

bor

A city, the county seat of Blaine County, Montana, United States.


Sawyer

en-proper noun

Sawyer (countable and uncountable, plural Sawyers)

* As an English occupational surname, from sawyer (“one who saws”). Senses loaned from various languages include Jewish/German Seger and Sager, Slovene Žagar.
* As a French surname, variant of Seguin.

A minor city in Ward County, North Dakota.


Underwood

The name is from England or Scotland, and from Middle English.
The surname is sometimes habitational, used by someone who lived in any of several places of the same name. Otherwise it is topographic, referring to someone who lived near a wood.
The common noun comes from the name of the manufacturer, after John T. Underwood, one of its founders.

Otter Tail County
Otter Tail County#English

A minor city in Otter Tail County, Minnesota.

A number of places in the United States:

A minor city in McLean County, North Dakota.


Newport

Newport (countable and uncountable, plural Newports)

Port-Neuf

the equivalent of Newport (new port: a new transport hub)

A city and unitary authority in south-east Wales, historically in Monmouthshire.

Porte-Neuve

the equivalent of Newport (new port: a new portal)

A city, the county seat of Jackson County, Arkansas.

A city in Kentucky, and one of the two county seats of Campbell County; named for English seaman Christopher Newport.

Washington County
Washington County#English

A placename
A locale in the United States:
A city in Washington County, Minnesota.

A city, the county seat of Lincoln County, Oregon.

A placename
A locale in the United States:
A city in Newport County, Rhode Island.

A city, the county seat of Cocke County, Tennessee.

A city, the county seat of Orleans County, Vermont.

Pend Oreille County
Pend Oreille County#English

A city, the county seat of Pend Oreille County, Washington.


Ambrose

From Latin saints' name Ambrosius, from Ancient Greek ἀμβρόσιος (ambrósios, “immortal, divine”). Compare Athanasius.


Augusta

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Augusta.wav

From Latin Augusta, feminine of Augustus. The places are mostly named for British royalty.

A city, the county seat of Woodruff County, Arkansas.

A city, the county seat of Richmond County, in east-central Georgia; also see Disgusta.

The capital city of Maine, United States and the county seat of Kennebec County.


Bitola

The second largest city in North Macedonia (after Skopje); formerly named Monastir.


Midlothian

A place in the United States:
A city in Ellis County, Texas.


Gerald

en-proper noun

Gerald (countable and uncountable, plural Geralds)

From Old French, ultimately from Frankish *gaiʀ (“spear”) + *wald (“might, power”). The name was brought to England by the Normans. It survived in Ireland, and was revived in the 19th century.

A small city in Franklin County, Missouri.


Helena

A Latinate form of Helen, from Latin Helena.

Lewis and Clark County
Lewis and Clark County#English

The capital city of Montana, United States and the county seat of Lewis and Clark County.


Leicester

Leicester
Leicester (disambiguation)
Leicester, Massachusetts
River Soar

From Middle English Ledecestre, from Old English Ligoraċeaster, from Old English Ligore (“the name of a people living by the River Soar”) + ċeaster (“settlement”). The river name is thought to be of Brythonic/Celtic origin and possibly from the same source as the river Loire.

der

A city, unitary authority, and borough in and the county town of Leicestershire, England.


Ashton

From Old English æsc (“ash (tree species)”) + tūn (“enclosure, settlement”).

A number of places in the United States:

A minor city in Spink County, South Dakota.


Três Lagoas

Borrowed from Portuguese Três Lagoas (literally “three ponds”).

bor+

Mato Grosso do Sul
Mato Grosso do Sul#English

A city in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.


Podgorica

From Serbo-Croatian Pòdgorica / По̀дгорица (literally “under the Gorica”), from pȍd / по̏д (“under”) + Gorica / Горица (“little mountain”), the name of a hill which overlooks the city, from gòra / го̀ра (“mountain”) + -ica / -ица (diminutive suffix).

The capital and largest city of Montenegro.


Coral Springs

A city in Broward County, Florida, United States, named for its natural spring water.


Beatrice

Either 1) from the Latin Beatrix, name of early Christian saints, from beatrix (“she who makes happy”), or 2) from beata, influenced by viatrix (“female wayfarer, traveller”).

A city, the county seat of Gage County, Nebraska, United States.


Kennedy

Kennedys (plural)
Kennedies (plural)
Cannedy (alternative)
Kennady (alternative)

Borrowed from Irish Ó Cinnéidigh (ceann (“head”) + éidigh (“ugly”)) or Scottish Gaelic Ceannaideach (ceann (“head”) + aideach (“ugly”). Compare Kenneth and Irish eitigh (“refuse, reject”).

A minor city in Kittson County, Minnesota.


Tyler

en-proper noun

Tyler (countable and uncountable, plural Tylers)

Tylers (plural)
Tylor (alternative)
Tiler (alternative)
Tylor (alternative)
Tylar (alternative)

From Middle English Tyler, Tylere, Tygler, Tygheler, Tyghelere, Tyghelare, Tygelere, from Middle English tiler, tylere, tylare, tylier (“tiler”).

A city in Lincoln County, Minnesota; named for land agent and newspaper editor C. B. Tyler.

A city, the county seat of Smith County, Texas; named for John Tyler, 10th president of the United States.


Bena

Various place names, etymology shown individually if known.

A minor city in Cass County, Minnesota, United States.


Frisco

Abbreviation of San Francisco through shortening by omission of syllables. “Frisco City” was chosen as the name of the Texas city by its residents in 1904 in honor of the St. Louis–San Francisco Railway that was being built through the area, commonly called “the Frisco”.

'frisco (alternative)
'Frisco (alternative)

Whoever after due and proper warning shall be heard to utter the abominable word "Frisco," which has no linguistic or other warrant, shall be deemed guilty of a High Misdemeanor, and shall pay into the Imperial Treasury as penalty the sum of twenty-five dollars.

1872, "Emperor" Joshua A. Norton, Edict:

Left my home in Georgia, headed for the Frisco Bay,
I had nothin' to live for, looks like nothin's gonna come my way,
I'm just sittin' on the dock of the bay, watchin' the tide roll away,
sittin' on the dock of the bay, wastin' time.

1968, Otis Redding, “(Sittin' on) the Dock of the Bay”:

My baby's always dancin' and it wouldn't be a bad thing / But I don't get no lovin' and that's no lie / We spent the night in Frisco at every kinda disco / From that night, I kissed our love goodbye

1978 September 8, Mick Jackson, David Jackson, Elmar Krohn, “Blame It on the Boogie”, in Destiny, performed by the Jacksons, track 1:

I fed a fish to a pelican at Frisco Bay

2009, Violent J, Miracles (Insane Clown Posse song)

(slang) A nickname for San Francisco: a city in California, United States.

A city in Texas, United States, within the greater Dallas–Fort Worth area.


Katy

Katys (plural)
Katies (plural)
Catie (alternative)
Caty (alternative)
Katie (alternative)

A city in Texas; named for the MKT railroad.


Beverly

Beverly (countable and uncountable, plural Beverlys)

(uncountable) A common place name from the surname or the given name:

A city in Lincoln County, Kansas, United States.

A city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States.

Burlington County
Burlington County#English

A city in Burlington County, New Jersey, United States.


Shizuoka

From Japanese 静 (shizu, “calm”) and 岡 (oka, “hill”).

The capital city of Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan.


Nara

The capital city of Nara Prefecture, Japan.


Bethlehem

→ Maori: Peterehema

Inherited from Middle English Bethleem, from Old French Bethleem, from Latin Bēthlehēmum, from Ancient Greek Βηθλεέμ (Bēthleém), from Hebrew בֵּית לֶחֶם (bēṯ lɛ́ḥɛm, literally “house of bread”). Doublet of bedlam and Belém.

der

Now when Ieſus was boꝛne in Bethlehem of Iudea, in the dayes of Herod the king, behold, there came Wiſe men from the Eaſt to Hierusalem,

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 2:1:

A city in the West Bank, Palestine, believed to be the birthplace of Jesus.

A number of other places around the world:

A number of places in the United States:

A city in Northampton County and Lehigh County, Pennsylvania.

Northampton County
Northampton County#English


Vladimir

From Macedonian and Russian Владимир (Vladimir) and reinforced by Medieval Latin Vladimirus, name of several saints in the Eastern Orthodox Church, from Old East Slavic Володимѣръ (Volodiměrŭ), Old Church Slavonic Владимѣръ (Vladiměrŭ), from Proto-Slavic *Voldiměrъ (which see for more), equivalent to владь (vladĭ, “power”) (which is from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“be strong”)) and мѣръ (měrŭ, “great”), changed by folk etymology into миръ (mirŭ, “peace”). Compare Waldemar.

Vladmir

from Russian, stress on the last syllable

A city, the administrative centre of Vladimir Oblast, Russia.

Russian form of Volodymyr (that city and raion of Volyn Oblast, the Ukraine).


Ross

en-prop

Ross (countable and uncountable, plural Rosses)

* As a Scottish surname, from several places such as Roose in Cumbria or Roos in Yorkshire, both from Scottish Gaelic ros (“promontory”) or a Brythonic parallel of its source such as Welsh rhos (“moor, heath”). There were also several Norman families in Scotland who took their name from Rots in Calvados. Compare Rose, Rhodes.
* As an English surname, from Wrose in Shipley, with loss of initial w.
* As an English and German surname, from derivatives of the old Germanic root common in names *hrōþi (“fame”). Compare Rossell.
* As a Cornish surname, from several places in Cornwall deriving from ros (“heathland”), related to the above Celtic word meaning "heath" or "promontory." See Rouse.
* As a Jewish and German occupational surname for a breeder of horses, from the regional/poetic noun Ross (“horse”).
* Also as a Jewish surname, Americanized from Rose.

Mountrail County
Mountrail County#English

A minor city in Mountrail County, North Dakota.


Fairbanks

A placename
Several places in the United States.
A city in Alaska.


Burton

Usually from Old English burhtun (fortified farmstead, farmstead near or belonging to a stronghold or manor), from burh + tun.

A minor city in Washington County, Texas.


Woodstock

en-proper noun

Woodstock (countable and uncountable, plural Woodstocks)

From Old English wudu (“wood”) + stoc (“dwelling”).

A city, the seat of Oxford County, Ontario.

A placename:
A place in the United States:
A city in Cherokee County, Georgia.

A city, the county seat of McHenry County, Illinois.

Pipestone County
Pipestone County#English

A minor city in Pipestone County, Minnesota.


Spencer

Spencer (countable and uncountable, plural Spencers)

An occupational surname from Middle English Spenser, Spencer, Spensier, from the common noun spenser (“spencer”), denoting someone who works in a spense (“spence”), or as a butler or steward.

Speiser

surnames derived from the equivalent of “spencer”

A city, the county seat of Clay County, Iowa.

A placename:
A locality in the United States
A city in Oklahoma.

A city, the county seat of Roane County, West Virginia.

A city in South Dakota; named for railroad official H. Spencer.


Challis

A small city, the county seat of Custer County, Idaho, United States.


Clarence

Originally a ducal title of the English and British royal family, from Clārensis (“from the town of Clare”), (the town of Clare, Suffolk), although it has also been associated with Italian Chiarenza, Clarentza, &c., a former fortress and settlement in the medieval Frankish Principality of Achaea in Greece.

A placename given to towns in countries settled by the British.

A number of places in the United States:

A minor city in Shelby County, Missouri.


Gordium

From Latin Gordium, from Ancient Greek Γόρδιον (Górdion).

An ancient city in Phrygia, modern day Turkey.


Ipswich

From the Old English personal name Gip, genitive case Gipes + Old English wīċ (“port, bay”).

A city in southeastern Queensland, Australia.

A small city, the county seat of Edmunds County, South Dakota, United States.


Canterbury

From Middle English Caunterbury, Canterburi, from Old English Cantwara burg.


Norwich

From Old English norþ (“north”) + wīċ (“hamlet”).

A city and local government district with borough status in and county town of Norfolk, England.

New London County
New London County#English

A city in New London County, Connecticut.

A minor city in Kingman County, Kansas, named after Norwich, Connecticut.

A city, the county seat of Chenango County, New York.


Milton Keynes

From an earlier "Middleton Caynes" when the village was in the manor of the "de Cahaines" family.

A Milton Keynes is up against a long-term cost disadvantage.

Now a Milton Keynes resident knows a concrete cow when he sees one but . . .

1990, Nick Meers, Sue Seddon, Enigmatic England:

They are now displayed in a Milton Keynes park near the railway line.

1998, Ruth H. Finnegan, Tales of the city: a study of narrative and urban life:

Without official recognition Gatwick has become the Milton Keynes of the south side of London, and Stansted looks set to be the same for the north-east.

2005, Brian Edwards, The modern airport terminal: new approaches to airport architecture:

Nearby was the tidier town of Tychy, a faceless Milton Keynes type of place without the roundabouts.

2008, Dave Spencer, A smudge on my lens:

Originally a village in Buckinghamshire, now a purpose-built city in central England, United Kingdom, containing the towns of Bletchley, Wolverton, Stony Stratford, and many smaller villages.


Plymouth

From Plym + mouth, referring to the river's mouth.

A city, unitary authority, and borough of Devon, England.

A small city in Amador County, California.

A city, the county seat of Marshall County, Indiana.

A minor city in Cerro Gordo County, Iowa.

Cerro Gordo County
Cerro Gordo County#English

A sizable city in Hennepin County, Minnesota; a suburb of Minneapolis.

A town and city in Sheboygan County, Wisconsin.

Sheboygan County
Sheboygan County#English


Salisbury

Salisbury (countable and uncountable, plural Salisburys)

From Middle English Saresbury, from Old English *Searesbyriġ, Searobyriġ, Searoburh, from searu (“armor”) via folk etymology + byriġ, burh (“stronghold”), partial translation of British Latin Sorviodūnum, Sorbiodōnum, from *sorwjo-, *sorbjo- of unknown Celtic origin, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *srew- (“to flow”) (compare Proto-Celtic *srutom (“a stream”)) + Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“stronghold”).
Dissimilation of -r- to -l- is the result of influence from Salesbury in Lancashire, from sealh (“willow”) + burh (“stronghold”).
The naming of the village in New Brunswick is not entirely certain. It may be named after explorer John Salusbury (1707 - 1762) or after Salisbury in England.
The civil parish in New Brunswick is named after the village.
The former capital of Rhodesia was named after Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1830–1903) who served three times as Prime Minister of Great Britain.

A cathedral city and civil parish with a city council in Wiltshire, England (OS grid ref SU1430).

A city, the county seat of Wicomico County, Maryland.

A small city in Chariton County, Missouri.

A city, the county seat of Rowan County, North Carolina.


Albany

Albany River
Albany, New York
Fort Albany, Ontario

Named in honor of the crown prince James, Duke of Albany and York

The capital city of the state of New York in the United States, and the county seat of Albany County, New York.


Albany

Albany (disambiguation)
Albany, Georgia
Albany, South Africa

Named in honor of Albany, the capital city of New York state

Dougherty County
Dougherty County#English

A sizable city, the county seat of Dougherty County, Georgia, United States (76,939 during the 2000 census).

Any of numerous minor American communities and towns:

A home rule city, the county seat of Clinton County, Kentucky.

A city, the county seat of Gentry County, Missouri.

A city, the county seat of Linn County, Oregon.

Shackelford County
Shackelford County#English

A city, the county seat of Shackelford County, Texas, United States. Named after Albany, Georgia.

A city in Alameda County, California, United States.


Albany

Named in honor of Prince Frederick, duke of Albany and York, the second son of King George III of Britain

Colonisation began towards the end of 1826, when a British settlement was founded at Albany, on the southern coast, and in the next year the whole territory (then known as New Holland) became a possession of the British Crown.

1952 November, “The Western Australian Government Railways”, in Railway Magazine, page 760:

Western Australia
Western Australia#English

A port city in the Great Southern region, Western Australia.


Kiel

From German Kiel, named after Kiel Fjord of the Baltic Sea, from Old Norse kill (“gulf, bay”), from Proto-Germanic *kiljǭ, ultimately related to the verb *kīnaną (“to crack, split”). Doublet of kill (“creek”).

The capital city of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.


Klang

A city in Klang District, Selangor, Malaysia.


Krebs

Krebs (countable and uncountable, plural Krebs or Krebses)

Krebs (plural)
Krebses (plural)
Creps (alternative)

As a German, Alemannic German, and occasionally Danish surname, from the noun Krebs (“crab”).


Versailles

Borrowed from French Versailles, of uncertain Latin origin (see French entry below), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn around”).

der

A city, suburb of Paris and capital of Yvelines department, Île-de-France, and the former capital of France.


Versailles

A home-rule class city and county seat of Woodford County, Kentucky, United States.

A city, the county seat of Morgan County, Missouri, United States.


Louisa

A city, the county seat of Lawrence County, Kentucky, adjacent to Fort Gay, West Virginia.


Marseille

From French Marseille (supplanting earlier Marseilles, derived from the Old French nominative form), from Latin Massilia, Marsilia, from Ancient Greek Μασσαλία (Massalía), probably from a pre-Latin language of Italy, perhaps Ancient Ligurian mas (“spring”). The r was probably retained from Arabic مَرْسَى (marsā, “harbor”).

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

The capital city of Bouches-du-Rhône department, France; the capital city of the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.


Hawthorne

Los Angeles County
Los Angeles County#English

A number of places in the United States:

A city in Los Angeles County, California.


Salem

From Biblical Hebrew שָׁלֵם (šālēm) (Genesis 14:18).

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Salem.wav

The capital city of Oregon, United States and the county seat of Marion County.

A city, the county seat of Fulton County, Arkansas.

A city, the county seat of Marion County, Illinois.

A city in Massachusetts, United States and one of the two county seats of Essex County; the site of infamous witch-hunts, trials and executions in 1692.

A city, the county seat of Washington County, Indiana.

A city, the county seat of Dent County, Missouri.

A city, the county seat of Salem County, New Jersey.

A city, the county seat of McCook County, South Dakota.

An independent city, the county seat of Roanoke County, Virginia.


Cromwell

From Old English crump (“crooked, bent”) + wella (“spring”), equivalent to crump + well.

com

A small city in Union County, Iowa, United States.

A small city in Carlton County, Minnesota, United States.


Wausau

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Wausau.wav

Wausau (town), Wisconsin
Wausau, Wisconsin

A city, the county seat of Marathon County, in north-central Wisconsin, United States.


Madison

en-prop

Madison (countable and uncountable, plural Madisons)

Madisons (plural)
Maddison (alternative)
Maddison (alternative)
Madisyn (alternative)
Madyson (alternative)

From Middle English Madde (“Maud”) + -son.

A locale in the United States; all named for James Madison unless otherwise indicated.

The capital city of Wisconsin, United States, and the county seat of Dane County.

A city, the county seat of Madison County, Florida.

A city, the county seat of Morgan County, Georgia.

St. Clair County
St. Clair County#English

A city in Madison County and St. Clair County, Illinois.

Jefferson County
Jefferson County#English

A city, the county seat of Jefferson County, Indiana.

Greenwood County
Greenwood County#English

A minor city in Greenwood County, Kansas.

Lac qui Parle County
Lac qui Parle County#English

A city, the county seat of Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota; named for Madison, Wisconsin.

A city, the county seat of Madison County, Nebraska; named for its county, itself for James Madison.

A city, the county seat of Lake County, South Dakota; named for Madison, Wisconsin.

A city, the county seat of Boone County, West Virginia.


Stratford

From Old English strǣt (“road”) + ford (“ford”). Doublet of Stretford.

The name of various cities, towns and boroughs in the USA, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. See the full list.

A small city in Hamilton County and Webster County, Iowa.

A small city, the county seat of Sherman County, Texas.


Petersburg

From Peter + -s- or Peters (surname) + -burg. Doublet of Peterborough.

An independent city in Virginia, United States.

Various other towns and cities, including:

A city, the county seat of Menard County, Illinois.

A city, the county seat of Pike County, Indiana.

A small city in Monroe County, Michigan.

A small city in Nelson County, North Dakota.

A city, the county seat of Grant County, West Virginia.


Carlyle

A city, the county seat of Clinton County, Illinois; named for the founder Charles W. Slade's grandmother.


Orlando

/ɔːˈlæn.dəʊ/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Orlando.wav

From Italian Orlando (“Roland”), ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *Hrōþiland. The city in Florida has gone by the name since 1857, perhaps in honor of the soldier Orlando Reeves, whom the Seminoles killed there in 1835. Previously, it had been settled in 1844 as Jernigan. Doublet of Roland.

A city, the county seat of Orange County, Florida, United States; see Orlando, Florida.


Dougherty

en-proper noun

Dougherty (countable and uncountable, plural Doughertys)

A city in Cerro Gordo County, Iowa, United States.


Newcastle upon Tyne

Use of the city's major river to distinguish it from other British places known as Newcastle; most notably Newcastle-under-Lyme.

Newcastle (alternative)
Newcastle-upon-Tyne (alternative)
Newcastle on Tyne (alternative dated)
Newcastle-on-Tyne (alternative dated)

Similar statements were made in Britain, where the growing white lead industry in Newcastle-upon-Tyne caused waves of illness and even death among women workers: Dr Charles T. Thackrah had early on denounced the serious intoxications linked to the use of lead in industry and described the main symptoms allowing the disease to be diagnosed and patients to be distanced from the source of poisoning (1831), as had Henry Burton, who stated that a greyish coloration of the gums was an unmistakable symptom of lead poisoning, then known as the "Burtonian line" (1840).

2021, Judith Rainhorn, The Colour of Controversy..., pp. 8–9

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

A large city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in northeastern England.


Warwick

From Middle English Warwyk, from Old English Wǣringwīċ (literally “dwelling by the weir”), from wer (“weir”) + -ing (“of the”, used with masculine nouns) + wīċ (“dwelling place, village”).

affix

Any of various other towns and cities around the world taking their name from the English town or from someone with this surname.

A number of places in the United States:

A minor city in Benson County, North Dakota.


Frankfort

/ˈfɹæŋkfɔːɹt/

A number of places in the United States, including:

A city, the county seat of Clinton County, Indiana.

The capital city of Kentucky, and the county seat of Franklin County.


Morton

From Old English mōr (“moor, marsh”) + tūn (“settlement”).

Any of several places of that name (or Moreton) meaning "settlement near a moor or marsh", or named after people.

A minor city in Renville County, Minnesota.

A small city, the county seat of Cochran County, Texas.


Edna

From Hebrew עֶדְנָה (“pleasure; delight”); a variant of Eden in the Book of Tobit.
In Ireland and Scotland it has been used as an anglicization of Eithne.

A city, the county seat of Jackson County, Texas, United States.


Eunice

A biblical name from Ancient Greek Εὐνίκη (Euníkē), from εὐ- (eu-, “good”) + νίκη (níkē, “victory”).


Sigourney

Sigourneys (plural)
Sigournay (alternative)

According to Ernest Nègre in his book Toponymie générale de la France (1990), the French placename Sigournais comes from Old French Segurniaci, which itself has been derived from Latin Secorinus + -acum. So it appears that the resemblance to Germanic dithematic names starting with *segaz is superficial.

A small city, the county seat of Keokuk County, Iowa, United States.


Monmouth

From Monnow + mouth, Monnow coming from Welsh Mynwy.

A city, the county seat of Warren County, Illinois.

A minor city and township in Jackson County, Iowa, named after the Battle of Monmouth.


Chattanooga

/ˌt͡ʃæ.təˈnu.ɡə/

[ˌt͡ʃæ.ɾəˈnu.ɡə]

The first part derives from the Muskogean word cvto, 'rock'. The second part may be derived from a regional suffix -nuga, 'dwelling-place'.

A city, the county seat of Hamilton County, Tennessee, near the border with Georgia.


Cuthbert

/ˈkʌθ.bɜːɹt/

Name of early English saints, from Old English Cūþbeorht (“brightly known, famous”).

inh

A city, the county seat of Randolph County, Georgia, United States, named after John Alfred Cuthbert.


Nashville

A city, the county seat of Davidson County, Tennessee.

A city, the county seat of Howard County, Arkansas.

A city, the county seat of Berrien County, Georgia.

Washington County
Washington County#English

A number of places in the United States:

A city, the county seat of Washington County, Illinois.

A city, the county seat of Nash County, North Carolina.


Herman

en-proper noun

Herman (countable and uncountable, plural Hermans)

From Old English here (“army”) + man (“man”) It was revived in the 19th century, partly due to American immigrants from continental Europe where the name has been more popular. Compare the German equivalent Hermann.

A minor city in Grant County, Minnesota.


Bedford

Bedford (disambiguation)
John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford

From Middle English Bedforde, Bedeford, from Old English Bedaford, Bedanford, equivalent to Bede's + ford.
The civil parish is named after John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford (1710 - 1771). Coined by British-Dutch surveyor Samuel Holland.

coin

A city, the county seat of Lawrence County, Indiana.

A small city, the county seat of Taylor County, Iowa.

A small city, the county seat of Trimble County, Kentucky.

Place names:
A city and township in Quebec, Canada.


Calais

From French Calais and Middle English Caleys (from Anglo-Norman Caleis), from the Roman name, Latin Caletum, named after the Caleti, a Gaulish tribe in the area, from Proto-Celtic *kaletos, from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”). The placename is cognate with Breton calet, Middle Irish calath, and calad.

A city in Pas-de-Calais department, Hauts-de-France, France.


Leipzig

Borrowed from German Leipzig, from Slavic.

Leipsic (alternative obsolete)
Leipzic (alternative obsolete)


Cincinnati

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Cincinnati.wav

Named after the Society of the Cincinnati, which is named after Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus; see Latin Cincinnāti and Cincinnātus.

The third largest city in Ohio, United States and the county seat of Hamilton County.

Appanoose County
Appanoose County#English


Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte

Borrowed from Sinhalese ශ්රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ (śrī jayawardhanapura kōṭṭē). "Jayawardenepura" (ජයවර්ධනපුර (jayawardhanapura)) was the name of Kotte when it was conquered by Prince Sapumal in the 13th century, meaning "the resplendent city of growing victory", from Sanskrit जय (jaya, “victory”) + Sanskrit वर्धन (vardhana, “growth”) + Sanskrit पुर (pura, “city”).

bor+

ශ්රී ජයවර්ධනපුර කෝට්ටේ

The administrative capital of Sri Lanka.


Baldwin

en-proper noun

Baldwin (countable and uncountable, plural Baldwins)

From Proto-West Germanic *Balþawini, from Proto-Germanic *Balþawiniz (“bold friend”).

der

Habersham County
Habersham County#English

A city in Banks County and Habersham County, Georgia.

A placename:
A locality in the United States:
A minor city in Jackson County, Iowa.


Kampala

/kɑːmˈpɑːlə/

The capital of, and largest city in, Uganda.


Samosata

From Latin Samosata, from Ancient Greek Σαμόσατα (Samósata). Doublet of Samsat.

(historical) Former name of Samsat, a city in southeastern Turkey.


Olympia

From Ancient Greek Ὀλυμπία (Olumpía), from Ὄλυμπος (Ólumpos, “Olympus”).

Olympia
Olympia, Greece
Olympia, Washington

The state capital of Washington, and the county seat of Thurston County.


Carlisle

From Middle English Carlele, from Middle English Carleol, Carleul, from Cumbric [Term?] (compare Caer Ligualid in the Historia Brittonum, Middle Welsh Caer Liwelydd, Welsh Caerliwelydd, all suffixed with -ydd), composed of Proto-Brythonic *kaɨr (“fort”) + Proto-Brythonic [Term?] (> Latin Luguvalium), from Proto-Celtic *Luguwalos (personal name, literally “strength of Lugus”), from *Lugus + *walos (“strength”).
The absence of a suffix comparable to Welsh -ydd in the underlying Cumbric form is unexplained; see w:Cumbric/Absence of -ydd.

A city in and the county town of Cumbria, and formerly of the county of Cumberland, and in Cumberland unitary authority since 2023, northwestern England (OS grid ref NY3955).

A number of places in the United States:

A city in Warren County and Polk County, Iowa.

A home rule city, the county seat of Nicholas County, Kentucky.

Montgomery County
Montgomery County#English

A city in Franklin Township, Warren County and German Township, Montgomery County, Ohio, named after railroad man George B. Carlisle.


Norris

An Anglo-Norman surname, from Old French norreis (“a northerner, a migrant from the north”). More at French norois.


Wallace

en-proper noun

Wallace (countable and uncountable, plural Wallaces)

An Old English byname for a Welshman or Breton, from Anglo-Norman waleis (“foreign”); see wielisc.

A city, the county seat of Shoshone County, Idaho; named for founder Col. William R. Wallace.

A city in Kansas; named for the nearby Fort Wallace.


Malcolm

Royal name in Scotland, anglicised from various historical Goidelic names equivalent to Scottish Gaelic Maol Chaluim or Calum, Irish Maol Colm, Middle Irish Máel Coluim, Old Irish Máel Columb (literally “devotee of [Saint] Columba”); proper nouns derived from máel (“tonsured”) from Proto-Celtic *mailos, and columb (“dove”) from Latin columbus.

der

Poweshiek County
Poweshiek County#English

A minor city in Poweshiek County, Iowa, United States.


Shelley

From Old English, meaning "clearing on a bank".

A city in Bingham County, Idaho, United States.


Seymour

From a Norman surname from a place in Normandy, from Old French Saint-Maur, from Late Latin Sanctus Maurus (“Saint Maurus”). The name is cognate to Murry and Maurice.

A city in Jackson County, Indiana, United States.

A city, the county seat of Baylor County, Texas, United States.


Dortmund

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

A major city in North Rhine-Westphalia, in western Germany.


Erie

From an Erie word rendered in French as Erieehronon, Eriechronon, and Riquéronon and said to mean “long tail” or “long-tailed”, in reference to the eastern cougar (Puma concolor cougar).

A small city, the county seat of Neosho County, Kansas, United States.

A city, the county seat of Erie County, Pennsylvania, United States.


Bassett

Chickasaw County
Chickasaw County#English

A small city, the county seat of Rock County, Nebraska.


Pembroke

Ultimately from Proto-Brythonic *Penn-broɣ (literally “land's head, land's end”), whence Welsh Penfro.

A place in Canada:
A city in Renfrew County, Ontario.

A city, the county seat of Bryan County, Georgia.

Christian County
Christian County#English

A minor city in Christian County, Kentucky.


Nuremberg

/ˈnjʊəɹəmbəɡ/

From German Nürnberg, from Medieval Latin Norinberga. The second element is from Berg, origins of the first element unclear.


Leonard

From Old French Leonard, name of a 6th century Frankish saint, from Old High German leo (“lion”) or Old High German liut (“person”) and hart (“hard”). As a surname, also used as an anglicisation of Irish Ó Leannáin (Lennon).

Clearwater County
Clearwater County#English

A number of places in the United States:

A minor city in Clearwater County, Minnesota.

A minor city in Cass County, North Dakota.


Lexington

Boston, MA
Lexington
Robert Sutton, 2nd Baron Lexinton
William Henry Whitmore

From personal name Leaxa + -ing (“belonging to”) + tun (“settlement”). The town in Massachusetts may have been named after the town of Laxton (formerly spelled Lexington) in Nottinghamshire, or after Robert Sutton, 2nd Baron Lexinton (whose title refers to the same place). The other US towns are named after the town in Massachusetts, the site of an important Revolutionary War battle.

Oglethorpe County
Oglethorpe County#English

A small city, the county seat of Oglethorpe County, Georgia.

A city, the county seat of Fayette County, Kentucky, consolidated with the county.

A city, the county seat of Holmes County, Mississippi.

Lafayette County
Lafayette County#English

A city, the county seat of Lafayette County, Missouri.

A city, the county seat of Dawson County, Nebraska.

A city, the county seat of Davidson County, North Carolina.

Henderson County
Henderson County#English

A city, the county seat of Henderson County, Tennessee.

Rockbridge County
Rockbridge County#English

An independent city, the county seat of Rockbridge County, Virginia.


Havre

From French Le Havre (“The Harbor”), q.v.

A city, the county seat of Hill County, Montana, United States.


Le Havre

/lə ˈhɑːvɹə/

From French Le Havre (“The Harbor”), a 19th-century French clipping of Le Havre-de-Grâce (“The Harbor of Grace”), a combination of its earlier Norman name Hable (“Harbor”) and the short-lived name Ville-de-Grâce, which it bore following its 1517 refounding by Francis I, referencing the supposedly miraculous icon of the Virgin Mary acquired by Cambrai Cathedral in 1450 and known in French as Notre-Dame de Grâce. Nearby Honfleur had similarly named its cathedral (subsequently destroyed by a landslide) in its honor.

A city and major port beside the mouth of the River Seine in Seine-Maritime department, Normandy, northern France.


Bryan

en-proper noun

Bryan (countable and uncountable, plural Bryans)

Bryans (plural)
Brienne (alternative)
de Brienne (alternative)
de Bryan (alternative)

A city, the county seat of Williams County, Ohio.

A city, the county seat of Brazos County, Texas.


Boyd

From Scottish Gaelic, either buidhe (“blond, yellow, fair”), or a habitational surname from the Isle of Bute in Scotland.

A minor city in Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota.


Sacramento

/ˌsækɹəˈmɛntəʊ/

Borrowed from Spanish sacramento (“sacrament”).

bor+

Police on Monday said they have arrested one man who is a suspect in Sunday’s mass shooting in Sacramento that killed six people and wounded 12 others.

2022 April 4, Susannah Cullinane, Holly Yan, Stella Chan and Cheri Mossburg, “All 6 victims killed in the Sacramento mass shooting are identified as police arrest a suspect”, in CNN:

Sacramento County
Sacramento County#English

The capital city of California, United States and the county seat of Sacramento County.

سَكْرَامِنْتُو

Sacramento, the capital city of California


Monterey

/ˌmɒntəˈɹeɪ/

Borrowed from Spanish Monterrey, from Galician Monterrei, from monte (“mountain”) + rei (“king”).

various cities and counties
w:Monterey (disambiguation)

The place name of various cities and counties

A city in Monterey County, California, United States


Dundee

From Scottish Gaelic Dùn Dè (“good fort”).

A number of places in the United States:


Kalgoorlie

Western Australia
Western Australia#English

A city in Kalgoorlie, Kalgoorlie-Boulder, Goldfields-Esperance, Western Australia, Australia, the seat of Kalgoorlie-Boulder.


Kaliningrad

Borrowed from Russian Калинингра́д (Kaliningrád); named for Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin.

bor

Калинингра́д

As a second-year student at Kharkiv University, I took a summer job as a conductor of the train that ran from Novorossiysk on the Russian Black Sea coast to Kaliningrad in the Baltics - a 48-hour journey via Kharkiv, from where the train originated.

2024 September 4, Vitali Vitaliev, “A salute to Ukraine's 'Second Army'”, in RAIL, number 1017, page 47:

A city, the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, formerly called Königsberg.


Wolverhampton

Inherited from Middle English Wolverenhampton, from Old English *Wulfrūnehēantūn named after Lady Wulfruna, who founded the town.

inh+

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

A city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England. Historically it was in Staffordshire.


Lille

From French Lille (see there for more), from Old French l'Isle (“the Island”), ultimately from Latin īnsula (“island”). Compare also isle and Lyle.

The capital of Nord department, and the Hauts-de-France region, France.


Rotterdam

/ˈɹɒtə(ɹ)ˌdæm/


Ningbo

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 寧波／宁波 (Níngbō), literally "Peaceful Waves".

zh-l

寧波／宁波 (Níngbō)

Ningpo (alternative)
Ning-po (alternative)
Ning-Po (alternative)

The containers were shipped from the eastern Chinese port of Ningbo to Piraeus by sea, and were then transported to Budapest in two trains that reached on Jan. 29 and Feb. 5, according to China's official People's Daily newspaper.

2017 February 8, “New land-sea route opens between China and central Europe”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2017-02-08:

Congestion off China's top two container ports Shanghai and Ningbo is worsening following the shutdown of a container terminal in Ningbo where a COVID-19 case was detected this week.

2021 August 12, Muyu Xu, Gavin Maguire, “Major container ports in eastern China see worsening congestion after COVID-19 cases”, in Kim Coghill, David Evans, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-08-12, China:

A port city, prefecture-level city, and subprovincial city in eastern Zhejiang, China.


Caen

Inherited from Middle English Caen, Cane, Cadomy, from Old French Caem, Cahom, likely from Latin *Catumagus; the modern pronunciation is a refashioning after modern French Caen.

A city in Calvados department, Normandy, France.


Rankin

A small city, the county seat of Upton County, Texas.


Kotka

A city and municipality of the Kymenlaakso region, in southern Finland.


Arkhangelsk

From Russian Арха́нгельск (Arxángelʹsk).

bor

Арха́нгельск

A city, the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, in northwestern Russia, on the White Sea.


Mansfield

From Old English Mammesfeld, from a Brythonic word mamm, meaning "mother" or "breast" + feld (“field”).

Sebastian County
Sebastian County#English

A city in Scott County and Sebastian County, Arkansas.

A city, the parish seat of DeSoto Parish, Louisiana.

A city, the county seat of Richland County, Ohio.

A city in Tarrant County, Ellis County and Johnson County, Texas.


Sheffield

en-proper noun

Sheffield (countable and uncountable, plural Sheffields)

Sheffields (plural)
Sheff. (alternative abbreviation)

From the name of the River Sheaf, which is from Old English scēaþ (“boundary”), + Old English feld (“field, open land”).

A city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom.

A common placename in the United States:


Gladstone

From Old English glæd (“shining”) + stān (“stone”).

Gledstanes (alternative)
Gledstone (alternative)

Any of places of the same name.
A city in Queensland, Australia.

Any of places of the same name.
A city in Delta County, Michigan.

Any of places of the same name.
A city in Clay County, Missouri.

A tiny city in Stark County, North Dakota.

Any of places of the same name.
A city in Clackamas County, Oregon.

Clackamas County
Clackamas County#English


Dunkirk

From Dutch Duinkerke, from duin (“dune”) + kerk (“church”).

Blackford County
Blackford County#English

A city in Jay County and Blackford County, Indiana.

Chautauqua County
Chautauqua County#English

A city and town in Chautauqua County, New York.


Lou

Lou (countable and uncountable, plural Lous)

(with definite article) A nickname for St. Louis. A city in Missouri, United States


Pittsburgh

From Pitt + -s- + -burgh (“fortified place”), after William Pitt the Elder.

Because he was coincidentally situated in Pittsburgh, he had examined the brains of two former Pittsburgh Steelers players who were discovered to have had postconcussive brain dysfunction: Mike Webster, who became homeless and cognitively impaired before dying of heart failure in 2002; and Terry Long, who committed suicide in 2005.

2007 January 18, Alan Schwarz, “Expert Ties Ex-Player’s Suicide to Brain Damage”, in The New York Times:

Allegheny County
Allegheny County#English

A city, the county seat of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States.


Annapolis

Originally Anne Arundel’s Towne, in honor of the English noblewoman Anne Arundell (1615/1616–1649), after whom the city’s county (Anne Arundel County) was also named; the namesake was changed to honor Princess Anne of Denmark and Norway, the heir to the throne who became Queen Anne of Great Britain (1665–1714); from Anna (Latinate form of Anne) + -polis (“city”).

suffix

Anne Arundel County
Anne Arundel County#English

The capital city of Maryland, United States and the county seat of Anne Arundel County, Maryland.


Brest

From Breton Brest (via French), from Proto-Celtic *brixs (“hill”), compare Scottish Gaelic bre.


Brest

A city in Belarus, on the border with Poland.


Houston

en-proper noun

Houston (countable and uncountable, plural Houstons)

Houstons (plural)
Hoston (alternative)
Houstoun (alternative)
Hughesdon (alternative)

Originally from a place near Glasgow, from the Middle English equivalent of "Hugh's town". Analyzable as Hugh + -s- + -ton

Spring in Houston is scalding sidewalks and sun-drunk lovebugs. It’s dead grass and midday thunderstorms. It isn’t the beginning or the end of anything, just a prolonged in-between through dead-end traffic on I-45.

2020, Bryan Washington, Memorial, Atlantic Books (2021), page 254:

A large city, the county seat of Harris County, Texas, United States, named after Sam Houston.

Matanuska-Susitna Borough
Matanuska-Susitna Borough#English

A city in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska.

A small city and township in Houston County, Minnesota.

Chickasaw County
Chickasaw County#English

A small city in and one of the two county seats of Chickasaw County, Mississippi.

A small city, the county seat of Texas County, Missouri.


Dallas

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Dallas.wav

Dallas (disambiguation)
George M. Dallas

# The Texas city was named after George M. Dallas, vice president to Polk; family name is evolved from dalhous (13th c.), meaning "dweller at the house in the dale," from dale + house.
# The Scottish place-name is from Pictish, equivalent to Welsh dôl (“meadow, haugh”) + gwas (“abode”).

The chicken chain’s parent company, Yum Brands, announced Tuesday that KFC’s corporate headquarters is leaving Kentucky for Texas, joining sister brand Pizza Hut’s offices in the Dallas suburb of Plano.

2025 February 19, Jordan Valinsky, “KFC is leaving Kentucky”, in CNN Business:

A number of places in the United States:

A large city, the county seat of Dallas County, in northeastern Texas.

A city, the county seat of Paulding County, Georgia.

A city, the county seat of Polk County, Oregon.


Northampton

From Old English Norþhāmtūn. The earliest reference to Northampton in writing occurred in 914 under the name Ham tune. The Domesday Book (1086) records the town as Northantone: the prefix “North” was added later to distinguish it from other towns called “Hampton”, most prominently Southampton.

Hampshire County
Hampshire County#English

A city, the county seat of Hampshire County, Massachusetts.


Waterloo

/ˌwɔːtəˈluː/

From Middle Dutch, composed of water (“water”) + loo (“sacred wood, forest”). More at water, lea. cf. German Loh. Most places in English-speaking countries are named for the battle.

compound

The name of any of several villages, towns, and cities around the world.

A regional municipality and city in Ontario, Canada.

La Haute-Yamaska
La Haute-Yamaska#English

A city in La Haute-Yamaska regional county municipality, Estrie, Quebec.

A city, the county seat of Monroe County, Illinois.

Black Hawk County
Black Hawk County#English

A city, the county seat of Black Hawk County, Iowa.

Jefferson County
Jefferson County#English

A town and city therein, in Jefferson County, Wisconsin.

A city in the Western Area of Sierra Leone.


Hereford

en-proper noun

Hereford (countable and uncountable, plural Herefords)

From Middle English Hereford, from Old English Hereford, from Old English here (“army”) + ford (“ford”). Compare Herford, North Rhine-Westphalia.

A city and civil parish (with a city council) in and the county town of Herefordshire, England (OS grid ref SO5140).

Deaf Smith County
Deaf Smith County#English

A city, the county seat of Deaf Smith County, Texas, United States, named for Hereford cattle raised there.


Roswell

Roswell (countable and uncountable, plural Roswells)

Metathesized from Middle English Roweshill, from a contraction of either the Old English personal name Hrōþwulf or its Norman cognate Rolf, Rouf, Rou (in the genitive case, adding -es) + Old English hyll (“hill”).

A place in the United States:
A city in Fulton County, Georgia.

(1997) So go on with your life / Forget that Roswell crap / Show love to the black suit / 'Cuz that's the Men In … Black "Men in Black" by Will Smith (1997)

A city, the county seat of Chaves County, New Mexico, known for conspiracy theories that its Roswell Army Air Field has recovered UFOs and extraterrestrials.

Among the cases he examined was an incident that has come to be known as England’s Roswell.

1998, Jim Wilson, “Six Unexplainable Encounters”, in Popular Mechanics, Hearst Magazines, page 66:

Kazantsev’s story was for some unaccountable reason taken seriously in the West, leading to some enthusiasts referring to Tunguska as the Russian Roswell.

2007, Rodney Castleden, Natural Disasters That Changed the World, Book Sales, page 272:

Dubbed “Mexico’s Roswell,” the mid-air collision near Coyame of an airplane and a UFO has been the subject of a major documentary for the History Channel’s UFO Hunters series in 2008, and numerous articles in newspapers, magazines, and Websites.

2008, Noe Torres, Ruben Uriarte, Mexico's Roswell: The Chihuahua UFO Crash, Lulu.com, page 3:

The most significant ufological event of a region.


Albuquerque

Albuquerque (countable and uncountable, plural Albuquerques)

→ Kurtöp: ཨ་བུ་ཀ་ཀི ('Abukaki)

From Spanish Albuquerque, from Latin albus (“white”) + quercus (“oak”) (white oak). Compare translingual Quercus alba
* (New Mexico): From Spanish Alburquerque (a town in Spain), named after Spanish viceroy Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 8th Duke of Alburquerque (1619–1676).

named-after

Bernalillo County
Bernalillo County#English

The largest city in New Mexico, United States and the county seat of Bernalillo County.


Trenton

⇒ Translingual: trentonensis

Originally named "Trent's town" in the 17th century, after a Quaker, William Trent.
The town in Nova Scotia is named after the capital of New Jersey.

A number of places in the United States:

The capital city of New Jersey, and the county seat of Mercer County.

Gilchrist County
Gilchrist County#English

A city, the county seat of Gilchrist County, Florida.

A city, the county seat of Dade County, Georgia, United States.

A city, the county seat of Grundy County, Missouri.

A city, the county seat of Gibson County, Tennessee.


Dieppe

Inherited from Middle English Depe, from Middle French Diepe; the modern pronunciation is a refashioning after modern French Dieppe.
The city in New Brunswick was named in memory of the Canadian soldiers who fell during the Dieppe Raid in 1942.

Westmorland County
Westmorland County#English

A city in Westmorland County, New Brunswick, Canada.


Newark

Probably from Old English nīewe (“new”) + weorc (“work”). In this case, a perhaps more accurate sense of "work" would be that of a building, as an example of a work of labor. It appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Newerche.

A small city in Independence County, Arkansas.

Independence County
Independence County#English

New Castle County
New Castle County#English

Earlier on Friday, Watson Coleman posted on social media: "We're at Delaney Hall, an ICE prison in Newark that opened without permission from the city & in violation of local ordinances.

2025 May 9, Max Matza, “New Jersey mayor arrested in protest at migrant centre”, in BBC:

A city, the county seat of Essex County, New Jersey, the largest city in the US with this name.

A city, the county seat of Licking County, Ohio.

A small city in Tarrant County and Wise County, Texas.


Salamanca

/ˌsæləˈmæŋkə/

A city in western Spain, capital of the province of Salamanca.


Hoffman

en-prop

Hoffman (countable and uncountable, plural Hoffmans)

Anglicised from German Hoffmann, an occupational surname referring to the owner or manager of a piece of land.

A minor city in Grant County, Minnesota.


Reynolds

Reynolds (countable and uncountable, plural Reynoldses)

Grand Forks County
Grand Forks County#English

A minor city in Grand Forks County and Traill County, North Dakota.


Winnebago

From Ojibwe Wiinibiigoo (“Winnebago person”), from wiinibiig (“murky water”) (of Lake Winnipeg), from wiini’ (“to make someone dirty”), wiinad (“it is dirty”), plus nibi (“water”), plural nibig (“waters”).

A small city in Faribault County, Minnesota, United States.

Faribault County
Faribault County#English


Maastricht

From Dutch Maastricht, ultimately from Latin Mosae Trāiectum.

A city and capital of Limburg province, Netherlands.

مَاسْتْرِخْت

capital city of the Dutch province of Limburg

馬斯特里赫特

Mǎsītèlǐhètè


Gothenburg

/ˈɡɒθn̩bɜːɡ/

Ultimately from Swedish Göteborg, probably via German Gothenburg (now archaic).

A city on the west coast of Sweden, in the province of Västergötland. It is the second-largest city in Sweden.

A city in Dawson County, Nebraska, United States, originally settled by Swedish people.


Malmö

From Swedish Malmö, from Middle Danish Malmoghe or Malmhauge (literally “Ore Hill”), a compound equivalent to present-day malm (“ore”) + høj (“hill”); both elements are of Old Norse, earlier Proto-Germanic, and ultimately Proto-Indo-European origin.

Perched almost on the southern tip of the Swedish peninsula, Malmö is a bland, gray-blue industrial town set amid a featureless, gray-blue landscape.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 300:

A city in Scania, Sweden; the third-largest city in the country, located on the south-west coast.


Bonn

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

An independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the Rhine River; the former capital of West Germany and (until 1999) seat of government of unified Germany.


Düsseldorf

Regierungsbezirk Düsseldorf

an administrative region of North Rhine-Westphalia

The capital city of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.


Lübeck

A city in Schleswig-Holstein, north-central Germany, northeast of Hamburg; a major Baltic port and industrial center, the present city dates from 1143 and was the leading town of the Hanseatic League after its designation as a free city in 1226; it retained that status until 1937.


Rostock

From German, from Middle Low German Rozstoc, from West Slavic (probably Polabian), from Proto-Slavic *orz-tokъ (“river fork”) (compare Czech roztok).

An independent city in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany


Ulm

A city on the River Danube in Baden-Württemberg, Germany


Bangor

From Welsh bangor (“wattle”), from Old Welsh bancor (“wattle”) (sense 1), and from Irish Beannchar (sense 2).

A city and community with a city council in Gwynedd, Wales (OS grid ref SH5872).

The associated University; clipping of Bangor University.

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English

A city, formerly a town, in County Down, Northern Ireland.

‘Where are you from?’ Lionel asked, and then, because the question seemd too personal […] he said, ‘Not that you have to tell me.’
‘Bangor,’ Charles said. ‘Maine.’
‘What’s it like there?’
‘Cold. Wet. Empty,’ he said. ‘It’s kind of a bleak place.’

2021, Brandon Taylor, “Meat”, in Filthy Animals, Daunt Books Originals, page 243:

Any of several other places named after the cities in Wales or Northern Ireland.

A number of places in the United States:

A city, the county seat of Penobscot County, Maine.

Penobscot County
Penobscot County#English

A township and city therein, in Van Buren County, Michigan.

Van Buren County
Van Buren County#English


Rupert

A German name, brought to England by Prince Rupert of the Rhine in the seventeenth century. Doublet of Robert.

A city, the county seat of Minidoka County, Idaho.


Randolph

From Old Norse rǫnd (“shield”) + úlfr (“wolf”).


Curtis

From Old French corteis and curteis (Modern French courtois (“polite, courteous”). Doublet of courteous.

A minor city in Frontier County, Nebraska.


Carthage

From Middle French Carthage, from Latin Carthāgō, from Phoenician 𐤒𐤓𐤕-𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (qrt-ḥdšt), possibly via Etruscan *𐌂𐌀𐌓𐌈𐌀𐌆𐌀 (*carθaza), from 𐤒𐤓𐤕 (qrt, “city”) + 𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕 (ḥdšt, “new”) as distinguished from the colonists' mother city of Tyre. More at Carthāgō.

A city, the county seat of Hancock County, Illinois.

A city, the county seat of Leake County, Mississippi.

A city, the county seat of Jasper County, Missouri.

A tiny city in Miner County, South Dakota.

A city, the county seat of Panola County, Texas.


Montgomery

From a Norman surname, from a place in Normandy (Old French for "Gomeric's hill"). Gumaric was a Germanic personal name composed of *gumô (“man”) and *rīks (“ruler”) (whence the modern French surnames Gomery, Gommery and Gumery or the Galician placename Gomariz).

So when King – who had been in Atlanta for “Bloody Sunday” – telegrammed Parks about returning to Alabama to take part in a third mass march from Selma to Montgomery, her immediate answer was “Why, of course.”

2015 March 5, Douglas Brinkley, “Selma’s historic bridge deserves a better name”, in CNN:

Montgomery County
Montgomery County#English

The capital city of Alabama, and the county seat of Montgomery County.

A small city in Montgomery County, Texas.

A city mostly in Fayette County, West Virginia.


Memphis

From Latin Memphis, from Ancient Greek Μέμφις (Mémphis), from Egyptian mn-nfr.

The largest city in Tennessee, United States, and the county seat of Shelby County.

The name of several towns or cities in the US.

A small city in Macomb County and St. Clair County, Michigan.

St. Clair County
St. Clair County#English

A small city, the county seat of Scotland County, Missouri.

A city, the county seat of Hall County, Texas.


Bradley

en-proper noun

Bradley (countable and uncountable, plural Bradleys)

Bradleys (plural)
Bradly (alternative)
Bradeley (alternative)
Bradly (alternative)
Bradlee (alternative)
Bradleigh (alternative)
Bradlie (alternative)
Bradly (alternative)
Broadley (alternative)

Ultimately from Old English brād (“broad”) + lēah (“woodland”). Equivalent to broad + -ley.

Lafayette County
Lafayette County#English

A minor city in Lafayette County, Arkansas.


Worcester

Inherited from Middle English Wirchestre, Wirechestre, from Old English Weogornaċeaster (“fort of the Weogoran”).

inh

Our arrival at Worcester is heralded by the appearance of the city's cathedral tower, a solid square structure that's dominated the skyline since the 12th century.

2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, page 67:

A city and local government district with borough status in and the county town of Worcestershire, England.

Worcester County
Worcester County#English

A city, the county seat of Worcester County, Massachusetts.


Falmouth

In Cornwall, from Fal + mouth, at the mouth of the River Fal.

Pendleton County
Pendleton County#English

A number of places in the United States:

A city, the county seat of Pendleton County, Kentucky.


Southend-on-Sea

A coastal city in Essex, England, United Kingdom, on the Thames Estuary.


Truro

Perhaps from Cornish try (“three, very”) + berow (“a boiling”), meaning "(a place of) great water turbulence", where the two fast rivers of Allen and Kenwyn meet to form the Truro. Alternatively, from the Gaulish tribal name Treveri, from Celtic trē ("through") + uer ("water, wet"), meaning "water crossing", in reference to "the people of the river crossing".
The town in Nova Scotia is named after the city in England.

A city and civil parish with a city council in Cornwall, England (OS grid ref SW8244).

The Cornish constituency which existed from 1295 to 1997 and encompassed the city.

A place in the United States:
A minor city in Madison County, Iowa.


Kingston upon Hull

Distinguishing this location from other places also known as Kingston.

East Riding of Yorkshire
East Riding of Yorkshire#English

A maritime city and unitary authority of the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, also known as Hull.


Colchester

From Old English Colneċeaster, equivalent to Colne (a Celtic-named river) + Old English ceaster (“a Roman town”).

City of Colchester
Colchester
Colchester (disambiguation)

A city, local government district, and borough in Essex, England, the oldest town in England.

McDonough County
McDonough County#English

A city and township in McDonough County, Illinois.


Chelmsford

Ultimately from Old English Ċēolmǣres (“Ceolmær's”) + ford, after an early landowner.

A city in and the county town of Essex, England, granted city status in 2012.


Doncaster

en-proper noun

Doncaster (countable and uncountable, plural Doncasters)

The Romano-British name was Latin Dānum, from the common Celtic river name Proto-Celtic *Dānu << Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂-, + the Old English suffix ceaster (“town”), found in many placenames.

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

A city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England.


Margate

A city in Broward County, Florida, United States.


Shrewsbury

/ˈʃɹoʊzbəɹi/

From Old English Sċrobbesburh (literally “fort in the scrubland region”), from *sċrob (“shrub, scrub”) + burh. Compare Shropshire from Sċrobbesċīr, short form of Sċrobbesbyriġ sċīr (literally “shire of Shrewsbury”).

der

St. Louis County
St. Louis County#English

A city in St. Louis County, Missouri; an inner suburb of St. Louis.


Taunton

en-prop

Taunton (countable and uncountable, plural Tauntons)

From Old English Tantūn, from the name of the river Tone.

A city, the county seat of Bristol County, Massachusetts.

A place in the United States:
A minor city in Lyon County, Minnesota.


Andrews

A city, the county seat of Andrews County, Texas.


Stevenson

en-proper noun

Stevenson (countable and uncountable, plural Stevensons)

A place in the United States:
A city in Jackson County, Alabama.

A city, the county seat of Skamania County, Washington.


Henderson

en-prop

Henderson (countable and uncountable, plural Hendersons)

A number of places in the United States:

Henderson County
Henderson County#English

A city, the county seat of Henderson County, Kentucky.

A city, the county seat of Vance County, North Carolina.

A city, the county seat of Chester County, Tennessee.

A city, the county seat of Rusk County, Texas.


Dawson

en-proper noun

Dawson (countable and uncountable, plural Dawsons)

desc

Translingual: dawsoni, dawsonii, Dawsonia

From Daw, a Middle English pet form of David + -son.

A city, the county seat of Terrell County, Georgia, United States.

A city in Dallas County, Iowa, United States.

Lac qui Parle County
Lac qui Parle County#English

A small city in Lac qui Parle County, Minnesota, United States.

A tiny city in Kidder County, North Dakota, United States.


Newman

Stanislaus County
Stanislaus County#English

A city in Stanislaus County, California.

A minor city in Douglas County, Illinois.


Samar

A city in Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine


Strasbourg

/ˈstɹæzbɜːɡ/

/ˈstɹæsbɜːɡ/

/ˈstɹɑːsbɝːɡ/

From French Strasbourg, from Middle High German Strāzburc. Compare modern German Straßburg, equivalent to Straße (“street, road”) + Burg (“borough, fortified town, castle”).

The capital city of Bas-Rhin department, France; the capital city of the region of Grand Est; located in the historic region of Alsace, near the border with Germany and at various historical points a part of Germany.

(metonymic, law) the European Court of Human Rights.


Springfield

Effingham County
Effingham County#English

A city, the county seat of Effingham County, Georgia.

The capital city of Illinois, United States and the county seat of Sangamon County; named after the city in Massachusetts.

Washington County
Washington County#English

A city, the county seat of Washington County, Kentucky; named for nearby springs.

A city, the county seat of Hampden County, Massachusetts; named after the parish in Essex.

A number of places in the United States:

A city in Brown County, Minnesota; named either after the city in Massachusetts or for nearby springs.

A city, the county seat of Greene County, Missouri; named after the city in Massachusetts.

A city in Sarpy County, Nebraska; named for nearby springs.

A city in North Dakota; named for nearby springs.

The paper said the unsubstantiated claim seems to have started with a post in a Springfield Facebook group that was widely shared across social media.

2024 September 10, Huo Jingnan, Jasmine Garsd, “JD Vance spreads debunked claims about Haitian immigrants eating pets”, in NPR:

A city, the county seat of Clark County, Ohio; named after the city in Massachusetts.

A city in Lane County, Oregon; named for nearby springs.

Bon Homme County
Bon Homme County#English

A city in Bon Homme County, South Dakota.

Robertson County
Robertson County#English

A city, the county seat of Robertson County, Tennessee.


Dijon

Borrowed from French Dijon, from the Roman name, Latin Diviō, from the name Divius (“godly, divine”); see divus.

The capital city of Côte-d'Or department, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France.


Angers

en-proper noun

Angers (countable and uncountable, plural Angerses)

Pays de la Loire
Pays de la Loire#English

A city, the capital of Maine-et-Loire department, Pays de la Loire, France.


Toulouse

From French Toulouse, from Latin Tolōsa, probably of Gaulish origin. Compare Welsh twl (tumulus), Irish tulach, from Proto-Indo-European *tewh₂- (“to swell”).

ncog

The capital city of Haute-Garonne department and of the larger Occitania region, France.


Lausanne

A municipality and city, the capital of Vaud canton, in western Switzerland, in which French is the main language.


Lowell

A Middle English diminutive of Old French lou + -el (diminutive suffix), meaning "little wolf". Akin to Wolfie.

Middlesex County
Middlesex County#English

A city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts; named for American businessman Francis Cabot Lowell.

A city in North Carolina; named for the city in Massachusetts.

A city in Oregon; named for the town in Maine.


Windsor

Inherited from Middle English Wyndelsore, from Old English Windlesōra (“Windsor”, literally “bank with a windlass, winch by the riverside”), from *windel ("reel, winch"; > Middle English windel (“reel, spool”)) + ōra (“bank, shore”). See windlass.

gloss

"reel, winch"; > Middle English <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">windel</i> (“reel, spool”)

Windsor, Ontario, a city in Essex County, Ontario, famous for its auto industry.

A small city in Shelby County, Illinois.

A city in Henry County and Pettis County, Missouri.


Valladolid

Castile and León
Castile and León#English


Pretoria

/pɹəˈtɔːɹi.ə/

Named after Andries Pretorius (1798–1853).

Following the health department’s findings, the company temporarily closed the factory, located in the city of Polokwane north of Johannesburg, as well as two other sites in Germiston and Pretoria. It also recalled its ready-to-eat meat products, pledging to address any “valid claims which may be made against it in due course.”

2025 January 25, Hanna Ziady, “‘Our innocent kids are struggling.’ Victims of massive listeriosis outbreak say those responsible must ‘do the right thing’”, in CNN:

The administrative capital of South Africa.


Magdeburg

/ˈmaɡdəbɜːɡ/

From German Magdeburg, from Middle Low German Māgedeborch, Mēgedeborch. Since the Middle Ages interpreted as “maiden-borough”, sometimes specifically related to the Virgin Mary. However, the first component may originally have been the plant name “mayweed”, compare Middle Low German mēgede(blōme) and Old English mæġþe.

The capital city of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, on the River Elbe.


Malaga

en-proper noun

Malaga (countable and uncountable, plural Malagas)

From Spanish Málaga, from Arabic مَالَقَة (Mālaqa), from Latin Malaca, from Phoenician 𐤌𐤋𐤊 (Málaka or Malake) of uncertain origin but possibly derived from Proto-West Semitic *milḥ- (“salt”). The American places are from the Spanish city. The surname is also sometimes derived via Polish Malaga.

census-designated place
census-designated place

A census-designated place in Fresno County, California.

unincorporated community
unincorporated community

Gloucester County
Gloucester County#English

An unincorporated community in Franklin Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey.

A census-designated place in Eddy County, New Mexico.

A township and unincorporated community therein, in Monroe County, Ohio.

An unincorporated community in Chelan County, Washington.


Grenoble

/ɡɹəˈnoʊbəl/

/ɡɹəˈnəʊbəl/

A commune in the French Alps in Isère department, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France.


Yukon

From Gwich'in ųųg han, contraction of chųų gąįį han (“white water river”). See Wikipedia's name section for details.


Riverside

St. Clair County
St. Clair County#English

Places in the United States:
A city in St. Clair County, Alabama.

“Twelve pesticides commonly applied to citrus groves are slated for study in the project’s plots,” reports Tom S. Bellows, UC Riverside assistant entomologist. They include four acaricides (Morestan, Kelthane, Pictran, Vendex), four thripsicides (Cygon, Carzol, Orthene, Sabadilla), and four scalicides (Parathion, Supracide, Lorsban, Sevin).

1983 May 26, “Pesticide residue effects under study”, in The Californian, volume 25, number 16, Temecula, Calif., page A-11:

Riverside County
Riverside County#English

A large city, the county seat of Riverside County, California.

A small city in Washington County, Iowa.

A small city in Platte County, Missouri; a suburb of Kansas City.

Montgomery County
Montgomery County#English

Places in the United States:
A city in Montgomery County, Ohio.

Places in the United States:
A small city in Walker County, Texas.


Waterford

From water + ford. In the case of the city in Ireland, this is a modification through folk etymology of Old Norse Veðrafjǫrðr (literally “wether ford”).
The civil parish in New Brunswick may have been named after Waterford, Ireland.

der

A city in County Waterford, Munster, Ireland.

The name of several places in the United States:

A city in Stanislaus County, California.


Elmer

Medieval variant of the given name Aylmer, from Old English Æþelmǣr, from æþel (“noble”) + mǣre (“famous”).


Jérémie

A commune and capital city in Grand'Anse, Haiti.


Montpellier

A large city, the prefecture of Hérault department, Occitania, France.


Kenai

From Russian Кенай (Kenaj), from Dena'ina kena (“meadow”).


Oberon

Earlier Auberon, from Old French Alberon, partial loan translation from Middle High German Alberich, literally ‘elf king, fairy king’, from alp + -rich << Proto-Germanic *rīks.


Nantes

The prefecture of the department of Loire-Atlantique, France; the capital city of the region of Pays de la Loire, in historical Brittany.


Mulhouse

Borrowed from French Milhouse, from Alemannic German Milhüsa or its source Middle High German Mülnhūsen, from Old High German Mulinhūson; compare German Mülhausen (literally “mill house”). Doublet of millhouse.

cog

A city in Haut-Rhin department, Alsace, Grand Est, France


Cherbourg

Borrowed from French Cherbourg, from Old French Chieresburg, probably from Old Norse kjarr (“thicket”) + borg (“fort”). Compare Old English Kiǣresburh.

A coastal town in Manche department, Normandy, France


Cannes

Borrowed from French Cannes, from earlier Canois, Canua.

Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#English

A city in Alpes-Maritimes department, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, southeastern France


Mamoudzou

A commune and capital city of the overseas department of Mayotte, France.


Ys

(mythology) A mythical sunken city in Brittany, France.


Naberezhnye Chelny

Նաբերեժնիե Չելնի

city in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia


Santa Cruz

From Spanish and Portuguese Santa Cruz (“Holy Cross”), various places named in honor of the True Cross upon which Jesus was crucified. Doublet of Holy Cross and Saint Croix.

The capital city of Santa Cruz department, Bolivia, in full Santa Cruz de la Sierra.

Places in Brazil:
A city in Pernambuco, Brazil.

A city and commune in the Colchagua Valley, O'Higgins region, Chile.

A district and town, the capital city of Santa Cruz canton, Guanacaste province, Costa Rica.

A municipality, parish, and city in the Madeira autonomous region, Portugal.

The capital city of Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; in full, Santa Cruz de Tenerife.

Santa Cruz County
Santa Cruz County#English

A city, the county seat of Santa Cruz County, California, United States.


Troyes

A city, the capital of Aube department, in the region of Grand Est, France.


Tours

From French Tours, from Latin Turonum, from Turones, the name of the area's Gaulish inhabitants in antiquity.

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire#English

A city, the largest in the region of Centre-Val de Loire, France, and the capital of Indre-et-Loire department.


Kilkenny

A city in and the county town of County Kilkenny.

Other places named after Kilkenny, Ireland:

A minor city and township in Le Sueur County, Minnesota, United States.


Acapulco

Borrowed from Spanish Acapulco, from a Nahuan language; cf. Classical Nahuatl Acapolco, from acatl (“reed”) + -pol (“big”) + -co (“at, to, from”).

compound

Going loco down in Acapulco / If you stay too long / Yes, you'll be going loco down in Acapulco / The magic down there is so strong

1988, Phil Collins, “Loco in Acapulco”, in Indestructible, performed by Four Tops:

A port city on the west coast of Guerrero, Mexico.


Tianjin

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 天津 (Tiānjīn, literally “heavenly ford; heavenly crossing”).

bor

Tien-tsin (alternative)
Tientsin (alternative)
T'ien-chin (alternative)
Tienchin (alternative)

The vast majority of factories are state owned. We visited state-owned factories ranging in size from the one thousand six hundred-worker Dong Feng (“East Wind”) Watch Factory in Tianjin to the huge one hundred fifty thousand-worker Anshan Iron and Steel Company in the Northeast.

1975, Janet Goldwasser, Stuart Dowty, “Of Chivas Regal and Mao Tse-tung”, in Huan-Ying: Worker's China, New York: Monthly Review Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 38:

Watch or run in the fourth annual 42-kilometer Tianjin race on a 15-day tour starting October 23 in Beijing.

1985 July, “For travel planners, a July 1985 check list”, in Sunset, volume 175, number 1, page 8:

As of March this year, pipelines accommodating 17 MW were already installed between Donghai and a pilot wind project in Bohai Bay near Tianjin.

2010 September 7, Manuela Zoninsein, “Chinese Offshore Development Blows Past U.S.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-04-17, ClimateWire:

Fears that the death toll from the explosion disaster in Tianjin, northeast China, could top 200 were stoked today as state media declared that 112 people had died as a result of Wednesday’s accident, with 95 more missing.

2015 August 16, Jamie Fullerton, “Tianjin disaster death toll may top 200”, in The Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-10-03:

Germany's Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock arrived in the Chinese port city of Tianjin on Thursday to begin her three-day tour of the country.[…]
On Thursday, Baerbock is set to visit a school in Tianjin that teaches German as part of the German Foreign Office's PASCH initiative.

2023 April 13, “Germany: EU 'cannot be indifferent' to China-Taiwan tensions”, in DW News, archived from the original on 2023-04-14, Politics:

A direct-administered municipality and major city in northern China, between Beijing and the Bohai Bay.

Anhui · Fujian · Guangdong · Gansu · Guizhou · Henan · Hubei · Hebei · Hainan · Heilongjiang · Hunan · Jilin · Jiangsu · Jiangxi · Liaoning · Qinghai · Sichuan · Shandong · Shaanxi · Shanxi · Taiwan · Yunnan · Zhejiang

Guangxi · Inner Mongolia · Ningxia · Tibet Autonomous Region · Xinjiang

Beijing · Tianjin · Shanghai · Chongqing


Guadalajara

/ˌɡwɑːdələˈhɑːɹə/

/ˌɡwɑdələˈhɑɹə/

Borrowed from Spanish Guadalajara, from Arabic وَادِي الْحِجَارَة (wādī l-ḥijāra, literally “valley of stones”).
The city in Mexico was named after the city in Spain by conquistadores.

der

وَادِي الْحِجَارَة

A city, the capital of Guadalajara, Spain.

For much of the 20th century, the image of Mexico popularized abroad through film, music, art and literature was, more accurately, a portrayal of Jalisco state and especially its capital, Guadalajara.

2023 November 17, Michael Snyder, “A Guide to Guadalajara, Mexico’s City of Makers”, in The New York Times Style Magazine:

A city, the capital of Jalisco, in central Mexico.


Wiesbaden

The capital city of Hesse, Germany, on the River Rhine.


Sheridan

A city, the county seat of Grant County, Arkansas, United States.

A city, the county seat of Sheridan County, Wyoming, United States.


Wollongong

A coastal city in New South Wales, Australia.


Québec

(official federal and provincial government usage) Alternative form of Quebec: The capital city of the province of Quebec, Canada.


Minneapolis

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Minneapolis.wav

Minnehapolis proposed in 1852 by Charles Hoag as a (misspelt) blend of Dakota mníȟaȟa (“waterfall”) (mní (“water”) + ȟaȟa (“curling”)) + Ancient Greek πόλις (pólis, “city”). Amended to Minneapolis at a town meeting the same year.

The largest city in Minnesota, United States, and the county seat of Hennepin County.

A city, the county seat of Ottawa County, Kansas, United States.


Saint Paul

The places are named after Paul the Apostle.

The capital city of Minnesota, United States and the county seat of Ramsey County.


Boise

From French la rivière boisée (“the wooded river”).

The capital and largest city of Idaho, United States, and the county seat of Ada County; probably named for the river.


Denver

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Denver.wav

Named after James W. Denver. The surname Denver ultimately derives from Old English Dene-fær ("crossing or passing of the Danes"), from Dene + fær; or alternatively from den-ōfer ("valley-bank"), from denu + ofer.

Mrs. Eisenhower said she was not disappointed at the rainy weather in Denver during her visit, and said, in fact, she hoped to return to the Mile High City soon.

1958 May 15, “Mrs. Eisenhower Leaves Denver”, in The Deseret News:

Bespoke elevators and autowalks installed by Montgomery Kone at Denver International Airport

1999, World Architecture, volumes 73-75, page 121:

The capital and largest city of Colorado.


Little Rock

/ˈlɪtəl ˌɹɒk/

Derived from a rock formation on the Arkansas River, where the city is located, called the "Little Rock", which was used by early river traffic as a landmark. It is also a calque of French La Petite-Roche, the original name of the rock formation.

The capital city of Arkansas, United States, and county seat of Pulaski County.


Lansing

The capital city of Michigan, United States, in Ingham County.

Allamakee County
Allamakee County#English

A minor city and township in Allamakee County, Iowa.

Leavenworth County
Leavenworth County#English

A city in Leavenworth County, Kansas; a suburb of Kansas City.


Oklahoma City

The capital city of Oklahoma, United States, and the county seat of Oklahoma County.