NY

Abbreviation of North Yorkshire: a county of England.


WY

Initialism of West Yorkshire: a county of England.


Stockholm

From Swedish Stockholm, compound of stock (“log”) + holme (“islet”), possibly referring to logs put outside of the Stockholm shores to prevent ships from invading.


Dublin

From Middle Irish Dublind, from dub (“black”) + lind (“pond”).

Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown
Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown

A traditional county of Ireland, now divided into the City of Dublin and three counties; Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown, Fingal and South Dublin.


Los Angeles

/lɔs ˈæŋɡələs/

/loʊs ˈæŋɡələs/

An anglicized form of Spanish Pueblo de los Ángeles (City of the Angels), a clipping of Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles de Porciúncula (“Town of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels of Porziuncola”), taken from the Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí's name for the nearby Los Angeles River, first sighted by the Portolá expedition on August 2, the feast day of the dedication of the chapel of Porziuncola (from Latin portiuncula, “little portion”) in Santa Maria degli Angeli (Italian for “Saint Mary of the Angels”) near Assisi, Italy, where St Francis began his order.

Los Angeles County
Los Angeles County#English

Ellipsis of Los Angeles County: a county of California, United States. County seat: Los Angeles.


Oslo

From Norwegian Oslo, from Old Norse Ósló, Ásló f or n. The first element is disputed, but is likely from ǫ́ss, áss (“god; one of the Æsir”), from Proto-Germanic *ansuz. Another theory is that it comes from áss (“hill, beam”), from Proto-Germanic *ansaz, but this is unlikely. The second element is ló f or n (“meadow”), from Proto-Germanic *lauhō f, *lauhaz m (compare the suffix -ley in English place-names).

A county and municipality, the capital city of Norway. Formerly called Christiania and Kristiania.

Oslo

Oslo (a county and municipality, the capital city of Norway)

أوسلو

ʔōslū, ʔōslō


San Francisco

Borrowed from Spanish San Francisco (“Saint Francis”). Doublet of São Francisco.

bor+

The California counties include Alameda, Los Angeles, Sacramento, San Diego, San Francisco, San Bernardino, Ventura and others. Cities include Los Angeles, Oakland, San Francisco, San Diego, San Jose, Long Beach, Malibu, Culver City and Huntington Beach (see the full list below).

2025 May 30, Mark Sternfield, “Trump administration targets California ‘sanctuary’ cities, counties”, in KTLA:

A major coastal city and county in California, United States, formerly Yerba Buena (pre-1847).


Tehran

Diacriticless transliteration of Iranian Persian تِهران (tehrân), from Classical Persian تَهران (tahrān). See there for more.

translit

Teheran (alternative dated)
Tehrân (alternative)


Cluj

Borrowed from Romanian Cluj; see below for more.


Warwickshire

From Middle English Warewikeschire; equivalent to Warwick + -shire.

An inland county of England bordered by Staffordshire, Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire, West Midlands and Worcestershire.


Saaremaa

The largest island of Estonia, and Saare County which contains it.


Gotland

A municipality and county on the island of Gotland, Sweden; the only municipality there, so it, the county and island all have the same area.


Devon

→ Russian: Де́вон (Dévon)

From Old English Defenas, which meant both "Devonians" and "Devon," exemplifying the common Anglo-Saxon practice of naming a place after the people who inhabit it.

A county of England bordered by Cornwall, Somerset, Dorset, the Bristol Channel and the English Channel.


Kerry

* As an English surname, from a personal name derived from Old Norse Kári.
* As an Irish surname, from Ó Ciardha (“descendant of Ciardha”), from ciar (“black”).

A county of Ireland. County seat: Tralee.


Derbyshire

Inherited from Middle English Derbyschire, from late Old English Dēorbȳsċīr; equivalent to Derby + -shire.

inh+

A sense of timelessness prevails in the little Derbyshire village of Repton, which was once the capital of the Saxon kingdom of Mercia.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 332, photo caption:

A midland county of England bounded by South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, Greater Manchester, Leicestershire, Nottinghamshire, Staffordshire and Cheshire.


Buckinghamshire

Bucks (alternative abbreviation)
Bucks. (alternative abbreviation)
Bck. (alternative abbreviation)

From Old English Buccingahāmsċīr (“district of Bucca's home”), from Buccingahāmme + sċīr, first element from Bucca (see bucca (“he-goat”)) + inga- + ham. By surface analysis, Buckingham + -shire.

surf

An inland county of England bounded by Northamptonshire, Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire, Greater London, Berkshire and Oxfordshire.


Cambridgeshire

An inland county in East Anglia, England. County town Cambridge, bordered by Lincolnshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire.


Bristol

→⇒ Latin: bristoliensis

Inherited from Middle English Brigstow, from Old English Bryċġstōw (literally “the place by the bridge”), from bryċġ + -stōw, with additional final /l/ due to hypercorrection from l-vocalizing accents. See bridge and stow for more.
The tiddlywinks sense is associated with players from Bristol University.

inh

Bristole (alternative obsolete)
Brigstow (alternative obsolete)
Bristou (alternative obsolete)
Bristow (alternative obsolete)
Brizzle (alternative informal)

A city, ceremonial county, and unitary authority in southwest England bordering Gloucestershire, Somerset and The River Severn.


Tyrone

en-prop

Tyrone (countable and uncountable, plural Tyrones)

From Irish Tír Eoghain (literally “land of Eoghan”).

der

The overkingdom of Airgialla comprising Armagh, Monaghan, parts of Louth, Fermanagh, and Tyrone, had ceased to be when the Book of Rights was compiled.

1922, John Ryan, Ireland from A.D. 800 to A.D. 1600, Browne and Nolan, page 282:

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English

A county of Northern Ireland, Ireland island, United Kingdom; One of the six traditional counties in Northern Ireland, often known as County Tyrone.


Yorkshire

/ˈjɔː(ɹ)kʃɪə(ɹ)/

From Middle English Yorkschire; equivalent to York (“English city”) + shire. Displaced native cognate Middle English Everwich schire, from Old English Eoforwīcsċīr.

England's largest county. Situated in the north-east of England; divided into three ridings, (North, West and East, and The City Of York). Since 1974 for administration purposes local government has used different divisions.


Indiana

en-proper noun

Indiana (countable and uncountable, plural Indianas)

From Indian + -a. From “Indiana Territory” dating from 1800, noting the territory's large Native American Indian population. From indian territory.

American Samoa · Guam · Northern Mariana Islands · Puerto Rico · United States minor outlying islands · United States Virgin Islands

Indiana County
Indiana County#English:_Q494146

Ellipsis of Indiana County: a county of Pennsylvania, United States.


Bedfordshire

From Middle English Bedefordschire, from Old English Bedanfordsċīr, equivalent to Bedford + shire.

A midland county of England, county town Bedford, bounded by Northamptonshire, Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire.


Berkshire

From Middle English Barrokschire, Berchesire, Barrokshyre, Berrucsire, from Old English Bearrocsċīr; the first element is possibly from Proto-Brythonic *barrọg, perhaps meaning “hilly” (compare *barros (“hill, peak, top”)) + Old English sċīr (“shire, county”).

Berkshire
Berkshire (disambiguation)#Other places
Berkshire pig

My convention diary is unusually disjointed, since I was mingily commuting from Berkshire rather than pay £65 per night for a single room.

2005, David Langford, The Sex Column and Other Misprints, page 66:

An inland county of England, bounded by Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Hampshire, Surrey, Greater London and Wiltshire.


Cheshire

Inherited from Middle English Cheschire, late form of Chestreschire, from Old English Ċeastersċīr, from Ceaster (“Chester”, from ceaster, from Latin castra (“camp”)) + scīr (“district, shire”).

Chesher (alternative)
Cheshir (alternative)
Chesshire (alternative)
Chesshyre (alternative)
Chesser (alternative)
Chessor (alternative)

A northwestern county of England, bordered by the Rivers Mersey and Dee, Greater Manchester, Merseyside, Derbyshire, Staffordshire, Shropshire, Wrexham and Flintshire.


Cornwall

From Middle English Cornwaile, Cornwayle, a modification of Cornwale (after Old French Cornuaille), from Old English Cornwēalas (“Cornwall, inhabitants of Cornwall”), from Proto-Celtic *kornu (“horn”) + Old English wealh (“stranger, foreigner”). Compare Wales/Welsh, Walloon, Gaul.

inh

A peninsula, cultural area, maritime ceremonial county, and duchy in England; forming its south-western extremity, bordered by Devon in the east.


Cumberland

Cumberland
Cumberland (disambiguation)
Cumberland, Maryland

Providence County
Providence County#English

A town in Providence County, Rhode Island, United States.


Dorset

From the county town of Dorchester. The Old English name was Dornwaraceaster, composed of the British Latin name Durnovaria and the common suffix -ceaster; the word was eventually reduced to Dornsǣte, Dorsǣte, a reduction of the original name + the suffix -sǣte (“people, dwellers”), whence Middle English Dorsete.

A maritime county of England, bounded by Somerset, Wiltshire, Hampshire, Devon and the English Channel.


County Durham

A maritime county of England bordered by the North Sea, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, Cumbria and North Yorkshire.


Essex

Inherited from Old English Ēastseaxan (literally “East Saxons”), which stood for both Essex and the people of Essex.

Essex

small unincorporated community in San Bernadino County, California

Essex

coastal town in Essex County, Massachusetts

A maritime county of England bordered by the North Sea, Suffolk, Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire and Greater London, and separated from Kent by the Thames estuary.


Gloucestershire

French: Gloucestershire

/ˈɡlɒstəʃɪə/

/ˈɡlɔstəɹʃəɹ/

/ˈɡlɑstɚʃaɪɹ/

From Middle English Gloucestreschire; equivalent to Gloucester + -shire.

A south western county of England bordered by the Severn estuary, Herefordshire, Worcestershire, Warwickshire, Oxfordshire, Wiltshire, Somerset, Bristol and the Welsh county of Monmouthshire.


Hampshire

en-proper noun

Hampshire (countable and uncountable, plural Hampshires)

Inherited from Middle English Hampteschire, from Old English Hāmtūnsċīr. For the development of epenthetic /p/, compare Thompson.
The community in Prince Edward Island is named after the county in England. The name was inspired by nearby Wiltshire.

inh+

A maritime county in the south of England, United Kingdom bordered by Berkshire, Surrey, West Sussex, Dorset, Wiltshire, the English Channel and the Solent separating it from the Isle of Wight; the county town is Winchester.


Herefordshire

From Middle English Herefordschire, from late Old English Herefordsċīr; equivalent to Hereford + -shire.

A ceremonial county and unitary authority in the West Midlands of England, bordered by Shropshire, Worcestershire, Gloucestershire, Monmouthshire, Radnorshire and Brecknockshire.


Hertfordshire

From Middle English Hertfordschire; equivalent to Hertford + -shire.

An inland county of south-east England bordered by Cambridgeshire, Essex, Greater London, Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire.


Kent

Inherited from Middle English Kent, from Old English Cent, from Latin Cantium, from Brythonic *Cantio (compare Old Irish céite (“gathering, folkmoot, hillock”)), from Proto-Celtic *kantos (“corner, rim”).

cog

A maritime county in southeast England bordered by East Sussex, Surrey, Greater London, the North Sea and the English Channel.


Lancashire

/ˈlæŋkəˌʃɪə/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-Lancashire.wav

From Middle English Lancastreschire, from Lancastre (“Lancaster”) + schire (“shire, county”).

A maritime county in the north-west of England bordered by the Irish Sea, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, West Yorkshire, North Yorkshire and Merseyside.


Leicestershire

From Old English Lægrecastrescir. The middle and last element are ceaster (“town, city”) and scir (“district”), common in placenames. The first element is probably from the former name of the river Soar, *Ligora, *Ligera, of Celtic/Brythonic origin, from Proto-Celtic *legyā (“sediment”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie”), similar to the French river Loire.

An inland county of England bordered by Nottinghamshire, Lincolnshire, Rutland, Northamptonshire, Warwickshire and Derbyshire.


Lincolnshire

/ˈlɪŋkənˌʃɪə/

/ˈlɪŋkənˌʃə/

/ˈlɪŋkənʃəɹ/

[ˈliŋkʰə̆nʃɚ]

/ˈlɪŋkənˌʃɪɹ/

Inherited from Middle English Lincolneschire, Lincolnschire, from late Old English Lincolnesċīr (first recorded in the 11th century); equivalent to Lincoln + -shire.

inh+

The king experienced his first attack in autumn 1788, and as his condition worsened and the physicians-in-ordinary proved unable to cope or cure, the Reverend Dr Francis Willis (1717–1807), a clergyman doctor who ran a madhouse in Lincolnshire, was called in.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 263:

On the surface, the film is a globe-trotting gross-out caper in which Nobby, who's from a hellish version of the titular Lincolnshire town ("twinned with Chernobyl"), is reunited with his long-lost brother Sebastian (Mark Strong), who has become a spy for the British secret services.

2016 February 23, Robbie Collin, “Grimsby review: ' Sacha Baron Cohen's vital, venomous action movie'”, in The Daily Telegraph (London):

East Riding of Yorkshire
East Riding of Yorkshire

A county of eastern England bordered by South Yorkshire, East Riding of Yorkshire, Northamptonshire, Cambridgeshire, Norfolk, Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire, Rutland and the North Sea.


Norfolk

⇒ Translingual: norfolkensis

Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk
Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk
Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk
James Cook
Mary Howard, Duchess of Norfolk
Norfolk
Norfolk (disambiguation)
William Ambrosia Cowley

From Middle English Northfolk, from Old English Norþfolc (literally “northern people”), from norþ (“north, northern”) + folc (“folk, people, race, nation”). As an Ecuadorian island, clipping of Duke of Norfolk's Island, bestowed by William Ambrosia Cowley in 1684 honor of Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk; his son Henry, the 7th duke; or both. As an Australian island and territory, bestowed by James Cook in 1774 in honor of Mary Howard, wife of the 9th duke.

der

Holonym: East Anglia

Comeronym: Suffolk

A maritime county of eastern England bordered by Cambridgeshire, Lincolnshire, Suffolk, and the North Sea.

Ellipsis of Norfolk County: a county of Massachusetts, United States.


Northamptonshire

A midland county of England. County town Northampton, bordered by Leicestershire, Rutland, Lincolnshire, Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Warwickshire.


Northumberland

From Middle English Northumberlond, Northhumberlond, from Old English Norþhymbra land (“land of the Northumbrians”).

A ceremonial county of England, the most northerly county of England bordered by County Durham, Cumbria, Tyne and Wear, Scotland and the North Sea.


Nottinghamshire

"Good morrow to thee, jolly fellow," quoth Robin, "thou seemest happy this merry morn."
"Ay, that am I," quoth the jolly Butcher, "and why should I not be so? Am I not hale in wind and limb? Have I not the bonniest lass in all Nottinghamshire? And lastly, am I not to be married to her on Thursday next in sweet Locksley Town?"

1883, Howard Pyle, chapter V, in The Merry Adventures of Robin Hood […], New York, N.Y.: […] Charles Scribner’s Sons […], →OCLC:

A north-midland county of England bordered by South Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire and Derbyshire.


Oxfordshire

From Middle English Oxenfordschire, from late Old English Oxenafordsċīr; equivalent to Oxford + -shire.

A midland county of England bordered by Buckinghamshire, Gloucestershire, Berkshire, Wiltshire, Warwickshire and Northamptonshire.


Rutland

Unclear. Attested in Old English as Roteland and Ritelanede. Perhaps hrīþer (“cattle”) + land (“land”), or from the personal name Rota + land.

unk

Unclear

A small landlocked county in the East Midlands of England.


Shropshire

/ˈʃɹɒp.ʃə(ɹ)/

From Old English Sċrobbesbyriġscīr, from Sċrobbesburh (“Shrewsbury”) + sċīr (“shire”).

An inland county of England bordered by the English counties of Cheshire, Staffordshire, Worcestershire, Herefordshire and the Welsh county of Powys and county borough of Wrexham.


Somerset

From Old English Sumorsǣte, which is short for Sumortūnsǣte, meaning "the people living at or dependent upon Sumortūn (Somerton)". An alternative suggestion is that the name derives from *Seo-mere-sætan meaning "settlers by the sea lakes".

A maritime county in the west of England bordered by Gloucestershire, Bristol, Wiltshire, Dorset, Devon, the Severn estuary and the Bristol Channel.


Staffordshire

From Middle English Staffordschire, from late Old English Stæffordsċīr; equivalent to Stafford + -shire.

A ceremonial county of West Midlands, England, bordered by Shropshire, Cheshire, Derbyshire, Warwickshire, West Midlands and Worcestershire.


Suffolk

From Middle English Suffolk, from Old English Sūþfolc, a compound of sūþ (“south”) + folc (“folk”).

Holonym: East Anglia

Comeronym: Norfolk

A maritime county in the east of England, bordered by Norfolk, Essex, Cambridgeshire and the North Sea.


Surrey

From Old English Sūþrigē, Sūþrigēa (“southern region”), from sūþerne (“southern”) + -gē (“district, region”).

compound

An inland county of South East England, bordered by Greater London, Hampshire, Kent, West Sussex, East Sussex and Berkshire.


Sussex

en-proper noun

Sussex (countable and uncountable, plural Sussexes)

Inherited from Old English Sūþseaxan (literally “South Saxons”), which stood for both Sussex and its people.
The town in New Brunswick may have been named after Sussex, New Jersey. The civil parish is named after the town.

inh+

A civil parish of Kings County, New Brunswick, Canada.


Westmorland

From Old English folk name Westmōringas (“the people west of the moors”) + land.
The civil parish in New Brunswick is named analogously to Westmorland County.

A former county in northwestern England, since 1974 absorbed into Cumbria.

Westmorland County
Westmorland County#English

A civil parish of Westmorland County, New Brunswick, Canada.

A city in Imperial County, California, United States.


Wiltshire

From Middle English Wilteschire, from Old English Wiltūnsċīr (Wiltescire 1086 Domesday Book), named after the town of Wilton in the county (Old English Wiltūn).

Wiltshire actually comes from Wiltonshire, for Wilton was once a county town, royal residence and bishopric - a place of significance.

2023 June 28, Stephen Roberts, “Bradshaw's Britain: Alton to Exeter”, in RAIL, number 986, page 59:

An inland county of England bordered by Gloucestershire, Somerset, Dorset, Oxfordshire, Hampshire and Berkshire.


Worcestershire

From Middle English Wyrcestreschire, from Old English Weogornaċeastresċīr; equivalent to Worcester + -shire.

A midland county of England bordered by Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, Gloucestershire, Herefordshire and West Midlands.


East Sussex

A county in south east England bordered by Kent, Surrey, West Sussex and the English Channel.


West Sussex

A county in south-east England, bordered by East Sussex, Hampshire, Surrey and the English Channel.


Greater London

administrative region
administrative region

An administrative region and ceremonial county of England, combining the City of London, the City of Westminster and 31 other London boroughs.


Hereford and Worcester

(historical, from 1974 to 1998) A county in the West Midlands of England, formed from the short-lived merger of Herefordshire and Worcestershire.


Humberside

North East Lincolnshire
North East Lincolnshire

(historical, from 1974 to 1996) A former county in northeastern England created from parts of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. Replaced in 1996 by the East Riding of Yorkshire, North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire.


Isle of Wight

From Old English Wiht, Wihte iegland, from Proto-Celtic *Wextā, compare Welsh Ynys Wyth and Latin Vectis (c.150).

Isle of Wight
Isle of Wight (disambiguation)

An island, county, and unitary authority off the south coast of England, in the English Channel opposite Southampton.

懷特島 /怀特岛

island and county off the south coast of England


Merseyside

United were second-best for long periods as they struggled to adapt to an unfamiliar line-up and were ultimately fortunate to leave Merseyside with their unbeaten league run still intact.

2011 October 15, Phil McNulty, “Liverpool 1 - 1 Man Utd”, in BBC Sport:

A metropolitan county in northwestern England bordering Greater Manchester, Lancashire and Cheshire.


North Yorkshire

A ceremonial county in northeastern England, formed in 1974 and bordering the East Riding of Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, Lancashire, Cumbria and County Durham.


South Yorkshire

(from 1974) A metropolitan county in northeastern England bordering West Yorkshire, East Riding of Yorkshire, North Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Derbyshire, and Nottinghamshire.


Tyne and Wear

Named after the two main rivers in the county.

A metropolitan county in the north-east of England, bordering County Durham and Northumberland.


West Yorkshire

(from 1974) A metropolitan county in northern England bordering Derbyshire, South Yorkshire, North Yorkshire, Lancashire and Greater Manchester.


East Riding of Yorkshire

A unitary authority and ceremonial county in the north east of England.


West Riding of Yorkshire

A local government district and ceremonial county in the north east of England.


Durham

From Old English Dunholm, meaning "hill islet". In order to get from Dunholm to Durham, two major processes had to take place. Firstly, the n at the coda of the first syllable, dun, underwent dissimilation. Specifically, by influence of the m in the coda of the following syllable (holm), said n denasalised and lenited to the oral r, thus dur. Secondly, after a weakening of the vowel quality in the more weakly-stressed syllable holm, this ending was misanalysed as the similar-sounding toponymic suffix, -ham, meaning home or farm.
Doublet of Duresm and Dunelm.

A county in the Northeast of England; in full, County Durham.


Monmouthshire

/ˈmɒn.məθˌʃɪəɹ/

/ˈmɒn.məθ.ʃəɹ/

A county and local government principal area of Wales which replaced Gwent, bordered by the Forest of Dean, Herefordshire, Powys, Blaenau Gwent, Torfaen and Newport.


Glamorganshire

/ɡləˈmɔː(ɹ)ɡənʃɪə(ɹ)/

/ɡləˈmɔː(ɹ)ɡənʃə(ɹ)/

Trevithick's first use of steam traction on rail took place at Merthyr Tydfil, Glamorganshire, on a tramroad 9¾ miles long between the Penydarren ironworks of Samuel Homfray, and the staithes at Abercynon, where the worked iron was loaded into barges on the Glamorganshire Canal.

1951 March, E. W. Twining, “The First Railway Locomotive”, in Railway Magazine, page 197:

A synonym, probably archaic, of Glamorgan, a traditional county of Wales.


Denbighshire

(historical) A maritime traditional county of Wales, bounded to the north by the Irish Sea, to the east by Flintshire, Cheshire and Shropshire, to the south by Montgomeryshire and Merionethshire, and to the west by Caernarfonshire.


Ben

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province#English

A county of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran.


Cork

From Irish Corcaigh (“bog, marsh, swamp”).

A county in the Republic of Ireland (County Cork).


Fier

Borrowed from Albanian Fier, from fier (“fern”). Alternatively borrowed from Italian fiera (“trade fair”) due to the arrival of Venetian merchants during the Renaissance.

A city and municipality in southwestern Albania, located east of the Adriatic Sea on the river Gjanica, just south of its confluence with the river Seman; it is the seat of its eponymous county and municipality.


Limerick

en-proper noun

Limerick (countable and uncountable, plural Limericks)


Mayo

Derived from Irish Maigh Eo
* (surname): Possibly instead derived from Old French, “Maiheu” from Hebrew, “Matthew”


Pest

From Hungarian Pest, ultimately from Old Church Slavonic пещь (peštĭ, “furnace, oven”). Compare German Ofen (“Buda”, literally “oven”).

der

A county in central Hungary, surrounding Budapest.


Swansea

From Middle English Sweynesse (c. 1165), Sueinesea (1190), Swanesey (1322), from Old Norse Sveins ey (literally “Sveinn’s island”).


Queens

Ellipsis of Queens County: a county of New York, United States, which is coterminous with the borough of Queens.


Finnmark

From Norwegian Finnmark, from Finn (“Finn”) + mark (“land”).


Møre og Romsdal

Borrowed from Norwegian Møre og Romsdal.


Sogn og Fjordane

Borrowed from Norwegian Sogn og Fjordane.


Troms

A county of Norway (between 2020 to 2024 Troms and Finnmark were merged into Troms og Finnmark county).


Orange County

The county in Vermont is named after William III (1650 - 1702).

One of 58 counties in California. County seat: Santa Ana. Abbreviation OC (usually with "the.")

One of 67 counties in Florida, home to various tourist destinations. County seat: Orlando.

One of 92 counties in Indiana. County seat: Paoli.

One of 62 counties in New York. County seat: Goshen.

One of 100 counties in North Carolina. County seat: Hillsborough.

One of 254 counties in Texas. County seat: Orange.

One of 14 counties in Vermont. County seat: Chelsea.

One of 95 counties in Virginia. County seat: Orange.


Clare

The anglicized spelling of Irish Clár, from Old Irish clár (“plank, board”), from Proto-Celtic *klāros, *klārom (“table”).


Cardiff

From Middle Welsh Caerdyf, equivalent to Welsh caer (“fort”) + Taf (“(River) Taff”) = fortified city on the River Taff. Compare Welsh Caerdydd.

A city and county, the capital and largest city of Wales.


Salop

From Latin Salopia Salopesberia (“Shrewsbury”) or Salopescira (“Shropshire”), the former a corruption of Old French Slopesberie (“Shrewsbury”).

An old name for Shropshire and the official name for the county between 1974 and 1980, still occasionally used in postal addresses.


Powys

en-proper noun

Powys (countable and uncountable, plural Powyses)

Borrowed from Welsh Powys, from Latin pagēnsis (“provincial”). Cognate with Italian paese and French pays (“country”).

Llandrindod Wells
Llandrindod Wells#English

A county and preserved county of Wales. Headquarters: Llandrindod Wells.


Devonshire

Devonshire (countable and uncountable, plural Devonshires)

→ Russian: Де́воншир (Dévonšir)

From Old English Defenasċīr, equivalent to Devon + -shire.

Former name of Devon (“English county”) (until 1974).


Meru

A region and county of Kenya where the Ameru people live.


Gwynedd

格溫內斯 /格温内斯

historical kingdom and preserved county in Wales

A county of Wales, in the north-west of the country.


Waterford

From water + ford. In the case of the city in Ireland, this is a modification through folk etymology of Old Norse Veðrafjǫrðr (literally “wether ford”).
The civil parish in New Brunswick may have been named after Waterford, Ireland.

der

A county of Ireland; see Wikipedia:County Waterford.


Istria

From Latin Histria, from Ancient Greek Ἱστρία (Histría), named after Ἵστρων (Hístrōn) (ἔθνος (éthnos)), the ethnicon of the Illyrian/Venetic tribe of the Histri who inhabited the region.
The name could itself be related to Hister, a Roman name for the Danube, from Ancient Greek Ἰστρίη (Istríē), the Dacian-Thracian name for the river god Danubius, a name meaning "swift," and ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂- (“to flow”). Also see Histria.

A county in western Croatia. County seat: Pazin.


Karlovac

A county of Croatia. County seat: Karlovac.


Laois

A county of Ireland, formerly known as Queens County.


Elbasan

Borrowed from Albanian Elbasan, itself likely from Ottoman Turkish ايلبصان.

The fourth largest city in Albania, located in the center of the country on the river Shkumbin; it is the seat of its eponymous county and municipality.


Gjirokastër

Borrowed from Albanian Gjirokastër, from Greek Αργυρόκαστρον (Argyrókastron, literally “silver castle”), from άργυρος (árgyros, “silver”) and κάστρον (kástron, “castle”) (from Latin castrum (“fort”)).

Αργυρόκαστρον

A city in southern Albania, located in the Drino valley east of the mountain of Gjerë; it is the seat of its eponymous county and municipality.


Kernow

Borrowed from Cornish Kernow (“Cornwall”).

bor+

Cornwall: A peninsula, cultural area, maritime ceremonial county, and duchy in England; forming its south-western extremity, bordered by Devon in the east


Tipperary

/ˌtɪpəˈɹɛəɹi/

From Irish Tiobraid Árann (“Well of Ara”).


Longford

From Irish an Longfort (literally “the camp, the stronghold”), anglicized to be identical to Etymology 1.


Galway

Anglicization of Irish Gaillimh, of uncertain meaning, said to mean "stony' (referring to the River Corrib). If so, it probably derives from Old Irish calad (“hard”); compare caillou, of Gaulish origin.

I swear I'm gonna put you in a song that I write / About a Galway Girl and a perfect night

2017, “Galway Girl”, performed by Ed Sheeran:

A county in the West of the Republic of Ireland.


Galway

In England there are Brighton Beach boats, Centre-board sloops, Pollywogs, Lough Erne yachts, Unas, New Brighton sailing-boats, yachts of the Norfolk Broads, Itchen, Clyde sailing and Keystone boats, Penzance luggers, Cobbles, Galways, Hookers and Pookhauns […]

1884, James Douglas Jerrold Kelley, American Yachts: Their Clubs and Races, page 161:


Sligo

From Irish Sligeach (literally “abounding in shells”).

In the Workmans the other night, Connell told a girl he was from Sligo and she made a funny face and said: Yeah, you look like it.

2018, Sally Rooney, “Three Months Later (November 2011)”, in Normal People:


Wexford

From Old Norse Veisafjǫrðr (literally “inlet of the mudflats”), from veisa (“pool, pond”) and fjǫrðr (“ford”).


Carlow

/ˈkɑː(ɹ)ləʊ/


Donegal

/ˌdʌnɪˈɡɔːl/

/ˌdɒnɪˈɡɔːl/

/ˌdʌniˈɡɔːl/

Anglicization of Irish Dún na nGall (literally “fort of the foreigners or strangers”).


Louth

A county (County Louth) in the Republic of Ireland.


Monaghan

en-prop

Monaghan (countable and uncountable, plural Monaghans)

Borrowed from Irish Muineachán. The surname derives from an anglicization of Irish Ó Manacháin.


Wicklow

Likely from Old Norse víkingr (“viking”), genitive indefinite plural vikinga + ló (“meadow, lea”), thus 'vikings' meadow'. Earlier spellings include Wykinglo in 1173, Wygingelow in 1185, Wykinglo in 1192, and Wykinglowe in 1355.


Quanzhou

c. late 20th c., from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 泉州 (Quánzhōu, literally “spring prefecture”).

der

Cyuanjhou (alternative)
Ch'uan-chou (alternative)
Ch'üan-chou (alternative)
Chuanchou (alternative)

Between 1946 and 1948 in the ruins of the foundations of Quanzhou’s South Gate Tower and southern wall we excavated more that twenty large white gravestones, inscribed in Arabic on both sides. They obviously had been taken from a demolished Islamic mosque. The area overlooked in the Jin River and was known as South Quanzhou, or the “Foreign District.” It was here that merchants from overseas and their families had lived during Song and Yuan.

1984, Zhuang Weiji, quotee, Jews in Old China: Studies by Chinese Scholars, Hippocrene Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 147:

Located on the Jin River, Quanzhou was China’s principal port during the Song and Yuan dynasties.

2016, “Fujian”, in China, DK, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 297, column 1:

He said that four years ago, the island began receiving water from the Jin River, in Quanzhou, China, and now 70-80% of Kinmen's water comes from China.

2023 February 8, Kelvin Chen, “Swiss parliamentarian delegation visits Taiwan's Kinmen”, in Taiwan News, archived from the original on 2023-03-08, Politics:

A prefecture-level city in southeastern Fujian, China.


Hsinchu

From Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 新竹 (Hsin¹-chu²).

Hsin-chu (alternative also)
Sinchu (alternative)
Sinjhu (alternative)
Xinzhu (alternative Hanyu-Pinyin)

The removal of the Prefect from Teukcham to Banka was what was required to consolidate the city, and when that occurred in May last, progress set in with vigour. With the Prefect's departure from Teukcham occurred a change in the name and constitution of that place. It ceased to be called Teukcham, receiving in place of this the name of Hsinchu, and being converted from a t'ing into a hsien. It is now known as Hsinchu-hsien (新竹縣).

1880, Inspector General of Customs, Reports on Trade at the Treaty Ports for the Year 1879, Shanghai: Statistical Department of the Inspectorate General, →OCLC, page 181:

Offshore, CPC has completed drilling nine wells and is drilling two more. Five of the wells off the Hsinchu coast in northern Taiwan, produce 550 kiloliters of crude oil and 620,000 cubic meters of natural gas a day.

1980 March 23, “New fund to boost energy development”, in Free China Weekly, volume XXI, number 11, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 4:

Because the new language school of Fu Jen University in the nearby city of Hsinchu was not yet completed, we were bused with other aspiring students of Chinese language to a farming village called Kuanhsi (Guanxi: West Pass), nestled against the tea growing hills of Hsinchu county.

1999, Michael Saso, Velvet Bonds: The Chinese Family, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page ix:

Emma was bred at the Leofoo Safari Park in Hsinchu County, northwestern Taiwan. Since the park brought eight white rhinos from Africa in 1979, their numbers have grown to 23.

2020 September 23, “Taiwan offers Japan endangered rhino to help save species”, in The Japan Times:

Taiwan's army is also expected to carry out live-fire drills in Hsinchu county as well as several offshore islands.

2022 March 15, William Yang, “Taiwan's military tests new capabilities to deter China threat”, in Wesley Rahn, editor, Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2022-03-15, Asia:

شِينْجُو

a city in northern Taiwan; a county in northern Taiwan


Sinan

A county of South Jeolla Province, South Korea.


Zgierz

Lodz Voivodeship
Lodz Voivodeship#English

A city and county of Lodz Voivodeship, Poland.


Kalisz

Greater Poland Voivodeship
Greater Poland Voivodeship#English

A city and county of Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland.


Koszalin

Unadapted borrowing from Polish Koszalin.

ubor

West Pomeranian Voivodeship
West Pomeranian Voivodeship#English

A city and county of West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland.


Isfahan

Ultimately derived from Classical Persian اِصْفَهَان (isfahān), from Old Persian *spādānah (“army, adj.”) or *spādānām (“of the armies”), from 𐎿𐎱𐎠𐎭 (spādaʰ, “army”), from Proto-Iranian *cwáHdah (“army”), q.v.

der+

Esfahan (alternative)
Ispahan (alternative)


Fingal

From Irish Fine Gall (literally “race of the Norsemen”).

der

A county of Ireland north of Dublin, formed in 1994 from parts of County Dublin.


Jönköping

/ˈjɜːnt͡ʃɜːpɪŋ/


Urmia

Probably from Assyrian Neo-Aramaic ܐܘܪ (w-r, “city”), a common Assyrian name for cities around Mesopotamia, and ܡܝܐ (miyā, “water”), referring to the great lake nearby.


Skåne

A county in southern Sweden, alternatively called Scania County in English.


Karaj

Borrowed from Persian کرج (karaj). See there for more.


Qom

Borrowed from Iranian Persian قم (qom), from Classical Persian قم (qum).

Ghom (alternative)
Qum (alternative)
Q'um (alternative)


Chiayi

From Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 嘉義／嘉义 (Jiāyì) Wade-Giles romanization: Chia¹-yi⁴.

zh-l

嘉義／嘉义 (Jiāyì)

Chiai (alternative)
Chia-i (alternative)
Chia-yi (alternative)
Jiayi (alternative)

Under the social security program, the government will expand insurance coverage to include dependents of public functionaries, and establish more clinics in Tainan, Chiayi, and Hsinchu countries^([sic – meaning counties]).

1980 January 13, “Continued stress on people's welfare”, in Free China Weekly, volume XXI, number 2, Taipei, page 1:

In my next move, I sent one of my aides to Chiayi County to sign a contract to lease a landfill.

2014, Jerome A. Cohen, Lu Hsiu-lien, Ashley Esarey, My Fight for a New Taiwan, University of Washington Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 240:

In the battle of Tap'ulin (present-day Talin) in Chiayi County, the Taiwan Volunteers beat the Japanese and won back some territory, "an event unprecedented since the start of the Sino-Japanese War," which lifted the morale of the people.

2015, Wan-yao Chou (周婉窈), translated by Carole Plackitt and Tim Casey, A New Illustrated History of Taiwan, Taipei: SMC Publishing, →ISBN, page 160:

The most eye-popping example of the exotic funeral occurred in Taiwan last year, when 50 women in lingerie pole-danced on moving black cars at the funeral of politician Tung Hsiang.
The Chiayi County Council speaker “enjoyed a buzz” so the funeral was designed to give him “a happy departure,” his son said, according to reports.

2018 September 3, Anna Fifield, “First day of kindergarten? Chinese school welcomes kids with a pole dancer”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-09-04, WorldViews:

While the Executive Yuan is considering setting up science parks in Pingtung and Chiayi counties, there is some criticism about whether science parks are needed in every city and county.

2021 January 16, Lin Chia-nan, “Planned science parks in Chiayi, Pingtung panned”, in Taiwan News, archived from the original on 2021-01-15:


Iași

Alternative form of Iasi, a city and county of Romania.


Londonderry

From London + Derry, its name until the early 17th century when by decree of a charter granted by James I to a group of London merchants the current name was imposed.

County Londonderry
Londonderry (disambiguation)

One of the six traditional counties of Northern Ireland, known as County Londonderry or County Derry.


Värmland

A county in west-central Sweden, which borders onto Norway.


Jämtland

A province and county in central Sweden.


Södermanland

From Swedish Södermanland, from Old Swedish Suþermannaland.


Västerbotten

Borrowed from Swedish Västerbotten, from väster (“western”) + botten (“bottom, basin”).

A historical province and county in northern Sweden.


Östergötland

A county in Östergötland province, Sweden.


Mashhad

Borrowed from Persian مشهد (mašhad), from Arabic مشهد (mašhad).


Somersetshire

In that part of the western division of this kingdom which is commonly called Somersetshire, there lately lived, and perhaps lives still, a gentleman whose name was Allworthy […]

1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:

What have Hampshire and the contiguous areas got that Gloucestershire, Somersetshire and Wiltshire have not?

1962 April, “Death from Natural Causes?”, in Modern Railways, page 218:

(archaic) The English county of Somerset.


Greater Manchester

John Stalker, Deputy Chief Constable of Greater Manchester, England, was asked to go to Northern Ireland to investigate killings by security forces of six unarmed men in three separate incidents in a five-week period in 1982.

1991, Human Rights Watch, Human rights in Northern Ireland, page 71:

For example, of the thousand or so textile factories that survive in Greater Manchester, among the most tangible reminders of the country's leading role in the Industrial Revolution, only 100 (10 percent) are listed.

2001, Ismail Serageldin et al., Historic cities and sacred sites: cultural roots for urban futures, page 251:

In the post-family phase, growth rates are less than the national average, with a degree of localised growth in the industrial towns of Greater Manchester, West Lancashire and districts of North Cheshire though not in Merseyside.

2004, K.K.Sharma, Tourism and Regional Development, page 166:

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

A metropolitan county in northwest England comprising the cities of Manchester and Salford, and the metropolitan boroughs of Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford and Wigan. Greater Manchester borders Merseyside, Cheshire, Lancashire, West Yorkshire and Derbyshire


Bushehr

Booshehr (alternative)
Bushire (alternative)


Antrim

A county in northeastern Northern Ireland.


Chaves

From Galician, Portuguese, and Spanish Chaves, a city and castle in Portugal. Doublet of Chavez.

Ellipsis of Chaves County: a county of New Mexico, United States.


Brașov

A county in Transylvania, in central Romania.


Mureș

A county of Transylvania, Romania, with the administrative centre in Târgu Mureș.


Broomfield

en-proper noun

Broomfield (countable and uncountable, plural Broomfields)

From Old English brōm (“broom, gorse”) + feld (“field”).

A consolidated city and county in Colorado, United States.


Kerman

Kermān (alternative)
Kirman (alternative)
Kirmān (alternative)
Karman (alternative)


Queens County

→ French: Comté de Queens (calque)

The county of New Brunswick is so named as a show of loyalty to the British monarchy.
The county of Nova Scotia is so named as a show of loyalty to the British monarchy.
The county of Prince Edward Island is named after Queen Charlotte (1744 - 1818).

A county of New York, coterminous with the New York City borough of Queens.

Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island#English

A county of Prince Edward Island, Canada.


Minnehaha County

Borrowed from Dakota mníȟaȟa (“waterfall" or "rapids”) (mní (“water”) + ȟaȟa (“curling”)) + English county.

bor

One of 66 counties in South Dakota, United States. County seat: Sioux Falls.

Minnehaha Falls in Minneapolis was independently named from the same Dakota word

Minnehaha Park in Minneapolis was named after the Minnehaha Falls within it

Minnehaha Trail is named after the Minnehaha Park

Minneapolis was named by blending the same Dakota word and Ancient Greek πόλις

the fictional woman in a Longfellow poem

Minnehaha was named after the Minneapolis waterfall


Moody County

One of 66 counties in South Dakota, United States. County seat: Flandreau.

Gideon C. Moody
Moody County, South Dakota


Brookings County

One of 66 counties in South Dakota, United States. County seat: Brookings.


Ceredigion

/kɛɹəˈdɪɡiən/

/kɛɹəˈdɪɡiɒn/

A county of Wales, formerly known as Cardiganshire; the county town is Aberaeron.


Hualien

From Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 花蓮 /花莲 (Hua¹-lien²).

Hua-lien (alternative also)
Hualian (alternative Hanyu-Pinyin)
Hwalien (alternative)

Save some time by flying from Taipei to Hualien (45 minutes) in order to drive part-way along the hand-chiseled East Coast Highway. This road goes through spectacular Taroko Gorge, where marble walls rise from 1,000 to 2,000 feet above the sea. One section goes through 85 tunnels, which have windows cut in the sides to facilitate sightseeing.

1962 October 2, “Foreign Travel : In the Pacific . . . and in Britain . . . some travel bargains”, in Sunset, page 16:

The 120-mile East-West Cross-Island Highway, running from just outside Hualien, a city facing the Pacific, across the island's high mountain spine to Tungshih, near Taichung, is on no account to be missed.
...
Midway down the island, the Suao-Hualien Highway dips and snakes for 69 tortuous miles across the face of black-rock cliffs that plunge as much as 2,600 feet into the perpetually raging Pacific.

1989 December 2, Arthur Zich, “That Other China”, in Connoisseur, pages 134-135:

Cheng Yen begins each day at 3:50 a.m., awakening from a floor mat in her monastery outside Taiwan's mountainous coastal city of Hualien.[...]
Her standing in Taiwan is so high that all three presidential candidates in the March election traveled to Hualien to seek her blessing.

2000 October 24, “Cheng Yen”, in BusinessWeek, page 72:

The 2020 Citizens Sports Games are almost here. This year the setting is none other than the beautiful scenery of Hualien.
These games for the general public will kick off on Oct. 17 and showcase 28 events over six days. More than 15,000 people are expected to converge on Hualien to watch the action.

2020 October 7, 0:00 from the start, in 2020 Citizens Sports Games bring athletes to the beautiful scenery of Hualien, Formosa Television:

A train derailed and the roof of a platform collapsed at Dongli Station in Hualien County, President Tsai Ing-wen of Taiwan said in a message on Facebook.

2022 September 18, Austin Ramzy, “Powerful Earthquake Strikes Taiwan, Killing at Least 1”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-09-19, Asia Pacific:

Taiwan television stations showed footage of buildings at precarious angles in the sparsely populated eastern county of Hualien, near the quake's epicentre.[…]
Taiwan's Central Weather Administration said the earthquake registered the second-highest intensity of an "Upper 6" in Hualien county, on the 1-7 intensity scale.

2024 April 3, Ben Blanchard, Shanghai and Hong Kong newsrooms, Bernard Orr, “Taiwan hit by strongest quake in 25 years, buildings damaged”, in Tom Hogue, Himani Sarkar, Lincoln Feast, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-04-03, Asia Pacific:


Nantou

From Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 南投 (Nántóu) Wade–Giles romanization: Nan²-tʻou².

The island-wide spleen survey carried out in 1953 (Demos, Ch'enk & Hsieh, 1954; Wu, 1956) showed the following pattern of malaria endemicity in Taiwan (see Fig. 2):
(i) hypoendemic regions (spleen rate below 10%) at altitudes of over 1000 metres (with the exception of a few villages at altitudes of 1000-1300 metres in Nantou Hsien of Central Taiwan), and the municipal centres, southwestern coastal townships, and Penghu;[…]

1958, “Malaria Control and Eradication in Taiwan Progress Report, May 1952 to June 1957”, in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, volume 19, number 4, page 601:

He confidently tends his crops and rears his family in Nantou County on Formosa's gardenlike west-central plain.

1965, Albert Ravenholt, “Awakening the Land”, in The World Book Yearbook, page 135:

Hardest hit by the flooding and landslides was Nantou County, where 14 persons were reported killed, two injured and several others missing.

1983 June 12, “People working together soften impact of floods”, in Free China Weekly, volume XXIV, number 23, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

Taiwan President Ma Ying-jeou on Thursday approved a visit next week by the Dalai Lama to the typhoon-hit island in a move analysts say could damage Taipei's efforts to improve ties with China.
"We have decided to agree to the Dalai Lama's visit to pray for the souls of the deceased and seek blessings for the survivors of the typhoon," Ma told reporters in central Nantou county.

2009 August 27, “Dalai Lama invite incurs Chinese wrath”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2010-07-22:


Pingtung

c. 1940s, from Wade–Giles romanization of Chinese 屏東 (Píngdōng) Wade-Giles romanization: Pʻing²-tung¹.

P'ing-tung (alternative also)
Ping Tung (alternative also)
Pingdong (alternative Hanyu-Pinyin)

Another obvious deficiency of the Nationalists is their lack of understanding of the importance of maintaining equipment. They're great at repairing equipment, but they also have a talent for wrecking it. At the Pingtung air base is a hangar full of airplane engines, 101 of them at last count. They haven't run a mile, and they are rotten with rust.

1953 February 9, Harold Lavine, “Chiang's Troops: They Are Rarin' to Fight Back”, in Newsweek, volume XLI, number 6, page 33:

Following article was published in Central News Agency's English Bulletin of October 28, 1947:
"President of the Executive Yuan, Chang Chun, returned to the capital at 2:50 this afternoon from Taiwan, after having taken off from Pingtung, Taiwan at 10:40 in the morning.

1972, The Ambassador in China (Stuart) to the Secretary of State (Foreign Relations of the United States 1947), volume 7, numbers 894A.00/11-447, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, page 468:

The Taiwan Provincial Government has decided to spend US$6.4 million in three years starting this fiscal year to build a tourist recreation park near Fuku Bay in Pingtung county in Southern Taiwan.

1983 January 30, “Aboriginal cultural park”, in Free China Weekly, volume XXIV, number 5, Taipei, page 2:

Villagers and tourists watch as a wooden boat is engulfed by flames during a traditional ceremony in Pingtung county, Taiwan, yesterday to celebrate the end of the eight-day Donggang Wang Ye festival.

2009 October 18, “Fire sail in Taiwan”, in The Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-08-22:

"This is really a genuine Paiwan outfit?" I asked.
"Absolutely," said Jenny. "The gods smile upon anyone who wears this. That's why it feels so uncomfortable. They feel your suffering and your sacrifice."
"It hurts, all right," said Nancy.
"It's painful to look at, too!" I said. Nancy slapped my shoulder.
"It's the real thing," said the girl with the innocent face. "I'm from Pingtung. My grandmother was part Paiwan."

2014, Ed Lin, Ghost Month, Soho Press, →ISBN, page 207:

A family walked through floodwaters in Pingtung County in southern Taiwan on Saturday, as Typhoon Nesat drenched the island.

2017 July 31, Russell Goldman, “On Heels of Typhoon Nesat, a Second Storm Hits Taiwan”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-08-01, Asia Pacific:

屏東 /屏东

county in southern Taiwan; city in southern Taiwan


Taitung

From Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 臺東／台東 (Táidōng, literally “eastern Taiwan”) Wade–Giles romanization: Tʻai²-tung¹, from Taitung Prefecture (臺東直隸州), created ca. 1887.

zh-l

T'aitung (alternative also)
T'ai-tung (alternative also)
Taidong (alternative Hanyu-Pinyin)

A thorough reorganization and redivisioning of the island was now necessitated. In former days, Formosa comprised one complete prefecture, four districts and three sub-prefectures. Now the island became a province with four prefectures (Taipeh, Taiwan, Tainan, and Taitung), eleven districts, and three sub-prefectures.

1903, James W. Davidson, The Island of Formosa Past and Present, page 244:

In 1987 and 1988, 12 deaths among prisoners were questioned by Taiwan human rights groups. Incidents occurred in prisons and detention centers under the jurisdiction of both civil and military authorities. In one instance, eight prison guards were convicted in July for torturing to death a Taitung detention center prisoner. They received sentences ranging from 10 months to 4 years.

1989 February 2, “Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1988”, in United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Government Printing Office, page 785:

In 1995, an earthquake demolished a school in Taitung County, but fortunately this occurred at night when no students were inside.

1998, Robert Storey, Taiwan (Lonely Planet), 4th edition, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 14:

During the 1990s the annual landings of sailfish off Taiwan ranged between 600 and 2000 metric tons, of which approximately 54% came from waters off Taitung (eastern Taiwan).

2004 January 2, Wei-Chuan Chiang, Chi-Lu Sun, Su-Zan Yeh, “Age and growth of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) in waters off eastern Taiwan”, in Fishery Bulletin, volume 102, number 1, page 251:

The gray sand and rock coastline of Taitung county is almost 144 miles long, but few people live there, thanks to its penchant for typhoons and earthquakes. The Chinese did not establish themselves in the region until the late nineteenth century, and even by the 1970s few Mandarin-speaking Nationalist Chinese had made their way south to Taitung.

2010, Mei-Ling Hopgood, Lucky Girl, Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 36:

Taiwan could opt to conserve some of its fighters. It has an air base, Hualien, connected to a shelter tunneled into a mountain that is large enough to house 200 aircraft. Another smaller second facility, Taitung, also has been reported.²⁴
. . .
²⁴The larger of the two shelters is called Jiashan (also spelled Chashan), an aircraft sanctuary tunneled into a mountain next to Hualien air base, while a smaller shelter is located at the Taitung air base (Wendell Minnick, "Taiwan's Hidden Base Will Safeguard Aircraft," Defense News, May 3, 2010).

2016, Air Defense Options for Taiwan, RAND Corporation, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 17:

The quake was centered in Taitung County and registered a preliminary magnitude of 6.8, Taiwan’s Central Weather Bureau said.[…]
A magnitude-6.4 earthquake that struck on Saturday night was also centered in Taitung County, the Central Weather Bureau said.

2022 September 18, Austin Ramzy, “Powerful Earthquake Strikes Taiwan”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-09-18, Asia Pacific:


Miaoli

From the Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 苗栗 (Miáolì), Wade–Giles romanization: Miao²-li⁴.

Wood-carving, one of Taiwan's leading folk arts, is concentrated on the small village of Sanyi in Miaoli county in north-central Taiwan, where the people have traditionally had the necessary skills and ample access to timber materials.[…]
Woodcarving is one of Taiwan's leading folk arts, and Sanyi village in Miaoli county is the center of production.

1982 June 13, “Wood-carving art thrives in small town”, in Free China Weekly, volume XXII, number 23, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2:

Jack, 31, who lives with his boyfriend of nine years in Miaoli County in the west of Taiwan, has created an embryo in a country in Europe and is currently in the process of having it transferred to the surrogate.

2019 December 22, Rik Glauert, “FEATURE -Taiwan emerges as new market for LGBT+ surrogacy after gay marriage law”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-08, Non-cyclical Consumer Goods:

Under the measures announced last week by the authorities in the central county of Miaoli, thousands of migrant workers, mostly from Vietnam and the Philippines, are prevented from leaving their dormitories except to travel to and from their jobs at high-tech factories.

2021 June 18, Amy Chang Chien, Amy Qin, “In Taiwan, some foreign tech workers are confined indoors to tackle an outbreak.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-06-18, Asia Pacific:


Penghu

From the Wade-Giles romanization of Mandarin 澎湖 (Pénghú), Wade–Giles romanization: Pʻêng²-hu².

P'eng-hu (alternative also)
Pênghu (alternative also)

We may remark here, that the Pescadore Group of islands forms one of the six districts which constitute Táiwán fú 臺灣府, the department of Táiwán, or Formosa. The Group is called by the Chinese, in their statistical works, Panghú ting, 澎湖廳, or the district of Panghú, and is under the immediate government of a magistrate, a subordinate of the prefect, or chífú, of Formosa. He resides at Mákung (Macon, as the place is called by foreigners), and has under his command a few hundred soldiers.

[1845 June, Richard Collinson, “Sailing Directions for the Panghú, or Pescadore Archipelago, with notices of the islands.”, in The Chinese Repository, volume XIV, number 6, Canton, →OCLC, page 249:

A total of 829 Vietnamese refugees is now being cared for in Penghu (the Pescadores) with the assistance of the Free China Relief Association (FCRA) and military personnel on the islands between Taiwan and the mainland of China.
. . .
A special bank account has been opened at a post office in Penghu to collect the cash donations for future distribution to the refugees.
The Penghu county government is planning to set up an overseas middle school on the island for young refugees.

1978 December 17, “Home in Penghu for Vietnam refugees”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIX, number 50, Taipei, page 2:

The aircraft took off from Taiwan’s southern city of Kaohsiung, headed for the island of Makong, but crash-landed in Huxi township of Penghu County, the main island of an archipelago also known as the Pescadores.
“It was thunderstorm conditions during the crash,” said Hsi Wen-guang, a spokesman for the Penghu County Government Fire Bureau.

2014 July 23, “TransAsia Airways Taiwan crash leaves dozens dead”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2014-07-24:

The high-speed passenger ship Natchan Rera resumed operation on Wednesday (Aug. 31) to ply the route between Tainan’s Anping Harbor and the outlying island county of Penghu three days a week, according to a press release from Tainan’s Tourism and Travel Bureau.

2022 September 1, George Liao, “High-speed ferry services between Taiwan’s Tainan and Penghu resume operation”, in Taiwan News, archived from the original on 2022-09-02:

The anchorage is at Mako (Makyū or Makun) on the principal island of Penghu.

1911, PESCADORES (Encyclopædia Britannica), volume 21, page 282:

From his base at Amoy the Emperor Kanghi dispatched a fleet of 600 junks against Formosa. In two naval battles, on July 1 and 7, 1683, they defeated the Formosans, and occupied Penghu, one of the Pescadores Islands, forming the key of Taiwan.

1926, Hosea Ballou Morse, The Chronicles of the East India Company trading to China, volume 1, Clarendon Press, page 48:

The Japanese constructed a formidable naval base at Mako (Makung Harbor), on Penghu, largest of the islands.

1946, PESCADORES (The American Annual An Encyclopedia of the Events of 1945), Americana Corporation, page 593:

Mr. Tung apparently plans to lay up 10 tankers at Penghu, an island off West Taiwan (see map, page 1).

1975 July 18, “ULCCs plan goes ahead”, in Marine Week, volume 2, number 29, London, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 7, column 2:

Mr Lee descended on Penghu, one of the Pescadores, with a population of 90,000, in the afternoon, immediately after military jets had buzzed the airstrip to ensure his safety. Penghu lies in the middle of the Taiwan Strait.
Addressing a large rally, he compared himself to the native goddess Matsu, who gave her life for others. "Your President should love and protect the people like her," he said. "Matsu will not abandon Penghu, and I will not either."

1996 March 15, Jonathan Mirsky, “Taiwan President visits islanders to bolster morale”, in The Times, number 65,528, →ISSN, →OCLC, Overseas News, page 15, column 1:

Short for Penghu Island, the largest of the Pescadores, an archipelago in the Taiwan Strait, part of the Republic of China (Taiwan)

Penghu Island

FORMOSA
During the Cairo Conference in November, 1943, it was agreed among President Chiang Kai-Shek, President Roosevelt, and Prime Minister Churchill that China should recover all the territories she had lost to Japan, including Fomosa (Taiwan) and the Pescadores (Penghu) Islands ceded to the invaders after the first Sino-Japanese War in 1894-95.

1947, Hollington K. Tong, editor, China Handbook, page 33:

In the Penghu Islands, the fourth agricultural region, scanty rainfall, poor soils, and strong winds, limit agricultural production to sweet potatoes and peanuts.

1966 December, “Taiwan”, in Alice Taylor, editor, Focus, volume 17, number 4, American Geographical Society, page 4:

Koxinga's son Jheng Jing succeeded his father and ruled for the next 20 years until his death, when his son, only 12 years old, was placed on the throne. A year later, in 1684, the Jheng navy was all but wiped out near the Penghu Islands.

2004, Phil Macdonald, National Geographic Traveler: Taiwan, National Geographic Society, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 32:

The supersonic missile flew for about two minutes toward the Penghu Islands, in the direction of China, but did not cross the midway line in the Taiwan Strait between Taiwan and China, said the official, Vice Adm. Mei Chia-shu.

2016 July 1, Austin Ramzy, “Taiwan Navy Accidentally Fires Antiship Missile, Killing Fisherman”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-07-01, Sinosphere:

The theatre command said the exercises took place near Taiwan's Penghu islands, which are in the Taiwan Strait and are home to a major air base, and showed close up video of the islands taken by a Chinese air force aircraft.

2022 August 15, Ryan Woo, Ben Blanchard, “Angry China stages more drills near Taiwan as U.S. lawmakers visit”, in Himani Sarkar, Robert Birsel, Raissa Kasolowsky, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-08-15, Asia Pacific:

Penghu, an archipelago made up of 97 islands, is located in the middle of the Taiwan Strait.

Short for Penghu Islands, the Pescadores collectively.


Aurora County

Named for Aurora, Roman goddess of the dawn

One of 66 counties in South Dakota, United States. County seat: Plankinton.


Huntingdon and Peterborough

Soke of Peterborough
Soke of Peterborough

A short-lived former county of East Anglia, England. Created from the merger of the Soke of Peterborough and the county of Huntingdonshire. Created in 1965 and absorbed into Cambridgeshire in 1974.


Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely

A county in East Anglia, England, created in 1965 by the merger of the administrative counties of Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely and absorbed into an enlarged Cambridgeshire in 1974.


Hamadan

From Persian همدان (hamadân), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭧𐭬𐭲𐭠𐭭 (Ahmadān), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎥𐎶𐎫𐎠𐎴 (Hagmatāna-). Doublet of Ecbatana; see that entry for more.

Hamadān (alternative)
Hamedan (alternative)
Hamedān (alternative)


Hunedoara

A county in western Romania, whose capital city is Deva.


Yunlin

From Mandarin 雲林 /云林 (Yúnlín) Wade–Giles romanization: Yün²-lin².

Yun-lin (alternative also)
Yün-lin (alternative also)

During the year new districts for working camphor have been opened up, viz., Yunlin in the beginning of the year and Kagee at the end.

1894 June, China For the Year 1893 on the Trade of Tainan (Diplomatic and Consular Reports on Trade and Finance), London, page 5:

Lieutenant-Colonel Imahashi writes as follows from Yunlin to one of his friends in Tokyo:-
"On the 15th of July, my force made a thorough search among the mountains...We are now encamped at Yun-lin, and are engaged reconnoitering its neighborhood.

1896 August 15, “Formosan Affairs”, in The Japan Weekly Mail, volume XXVI, number 7, Yokohama, page 176:

The first engagement in which strong opposition was encountered was in the vicinity of Yunlin (Unrin), which was reached on the morning of the 7th by the left column.

1903, James W. Davidson, editor, The Island of Formosa Past and Present, pages 358–359:

On June 3 the governor of Taiwan announced a five-year project to develop the underground water resources in Yunlin, where rice yields were expected to be increased by 60,000 to 80,000 metric tons a year after the plan was completed.

1959, “Taiwan”, in The Americana Annual 1959, Kingsport Press, page 744:

The major shrimp fishing grounds of Taiwan are off the coast of southwestern Taiwan from Yunlin to Kaohsiung, waters west of Penghu (Pescadores Islands), and the northern part of the Taiwan Strait.

1961 February, “Taiwan: Shrimp Industry”, in Commercial Fisheries Review, volume 23, number 2, page 60:

When Lei Chen was seized a young Formosan named Su Tung-chi courageously came forward to sign a petition seeking clemency for the elderly journalist. Su was of a prominent family in the Yunlin area, a graduate of Meiji University in Tokyo, and a very popular leader in his home district.

1965, George H. Kerr, Formosa Betrayed, page 448:

Su Tung-chi, who had persuaded his Yunlin assembly to pass a resolution asking President Chiang to pardon Lei, was sent to prison on sedition charges in 1962, and was later reported either to have been killed or to be undergoing "thought reform".

1970, Douglas Mendel, The Politics of Formosan Nationalism, University of California Press, page 116:

Premier Chiang Ching-kuo (left) visited two cooperative farms and a tidal land reclamation project in Yunlin County in south-west Taiwan March 18. He talks with a farmer in Taiwan dialect through an interpreter.

1973 March 25, “Rice plan to aid farmers”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIV, number 11, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1:

The plane, a twin-engined B-1900, also carried three lieutenant colonels, one major, one captain, one sergeant and one engineer. It crashed in bad weather in Yunlin county on its way from Taipei to Chia-i, the officials said.

1990 August 21, “Top Taiwan Military Officers Among 18 Killed in Air Crash”, in New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-25, page A3:

Yao Chia-wen went to the prosecutor's office in Yunlin County to the north to prepare a legal defense.

2014, Lu Hsiu-lien, Ashley Esarey, My Fight for a New Taiwan, University of Washington Press, →ISBN, page 121:

Pili International Multimedia (8450.TWO), which makes Taiwan's longest-running television show featuring the puppets at its studio in central Taiwan's Yunlin County, says it wants to use NFTs as another source of revenue.

2022 March 31, Ann Wang, “Taiwan puppeteers look to NFTs to keep their art alive”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-04-01, Future of Money:


Changhua

/(ˈ)t͡ʃæŋˈhwɑ/

From Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 彰化 (Zhānghuà), Wade-Giles romanization: Chang¹-hua⁴.

Chang-hua (alternative also)
Changhwa (alternative)
Chang-hwa (alternative)
Jhanghua (alternative)
Zhanghua (alternative Hanyu-Pinyin)

That is why Yeh Hui-chen goes contentedly every day to her family ranch in the Mt. Bank area of Changhua county in central Taiwan to pursue her chosen profession.[...]In the past, the inhabitants eked out a meager living by growing pineapples and plums, which had to be carried out on foot through the rugged mountain area on the border of Changhua and Nantou counties.

1979 February 18, “'Cowgirl' finds contentment, prosperity on the land”, in Free China Weekly, volume XX, number 6, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2:

In Changhua County's Fenyuan village, I came across some old pineapple growers. The harvest was unexpectedly good this year, but the agricultural cooperative was unable to purchase their surplus.

2000, Shui-Bian Chen, “Learning and Transformation”, in David J. Toman, transl., The Son of Taiwan: The Life of Chen Shui-Bian and His Dreams for Taiwan, Taiwan Publishing Co., Ltd., →ISBN, →OCLC, page 26:

The president made the remarks during an inspection tour of the central county of Changhua where he visited a new-style touch fasteners manufacturing firm and an industrial park.

2003 June 18, “President Chen Inspects an Industrial Park in Changhua County”, in Office of the President of the Republic of China (Taiwan):

Taiwan has confirmed new outbreaks of bird flu at two farms in Changhua County, and culled more than 13,000 chickens and ducks, the island's animal and plant health inspection and quarantine bureau said on Saturday.

2018 January 20, “Taiwan reports new bird flu cases”, in yan, editor, Xinhua News Agency:


Kinmen

:zh:金門機場
Columbia University Press
Kinmen
Kinmen Airport
Mandarin (late imperial lingua franca)

From the Nanking court dialect (later Postal Romanization) romanization of Mandarin 金門 (Jīnmén), from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/, parallel with names for the four townships of Kinmen Island: Kincheng, Kinhu, Kinning, and Kinsha.

Jinmen (alternative Hanyu-Pinyin)
Chinmen (alternative)
Chin-men (alternative)

金門 /金门

county of the Republic of China (Taiwan)

The Kinmen County Government reported that during the past four months of Red bombardment of Kinmen, a total of 105 civilians were killed and 312 wounded.

1959 February, “Chronology”, in Free China Review, volume IX, number 2, Taipei: Henry Kung, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 54, column 2:

Kinmen County, an island chain with a population of 76,000, is catering to Chinese tourists by converting military facilities into tourist traps and building museums with wartime themes.

2007 February 14, Ralph Jennings, “Chinese tourists flock to Taiwan's Kinmen island”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2016-07-10:

Shiyu, or Lion Islet, part of Kinmen County, one of Taiwan’s offshore islands, seen in front of Xiamen, China, on September 8, 2015.

2015, Alan Taylor, “Taiwan's Kinmen Islands, Only a Few Miles From Mainland China”, in The Atlantic:


Lienchiang

Lienkong (alternative)
Lien-chiang (alternative also)
Lianjiang (alternative Hanyu-Pinyin)
Lienkiang (alternative)

From the Wade–Giles romanization of the Mandarin for 連江／连江 (Liánjiāng), Wade–Giles romanization: Lien²-chiang¹.

Matsu. JCRR in FY1964 continued to provide local farmers with seeds of superior varieties of dryland crops and vegetables, and selected five young farmers for training in cultural techniques in Taiwan. Technical assistance was given by the agricultural experiment station of the Lienchiang County Government.

1963, General Report of the Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction, Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 115:

The 6-ton fishing boat Kuanghua 16638 was slammed by the communist vessel near the Liuchuan reefs off the coast of Chukuang and drifted toward Nanchu after the collision. Because of the alertness of its owner Li Tsu-shun and the crew, the boat successfully avoided a head-on collision with the communist vessel. The communist atrocity has drawn the keen attention of the commander of the Matsu defense district who has instructed the frontline island defenders to closely watch the movement of communist vessels. In addition, he has instructed the Lienchiang county government to aid the affected fishermen in repairing their damaged fishing boat so that they can resume fishing operations.

1978 January 5 [1977 December 30], “PRC Vessel Collides with ROC Fishing Boat off Matsu”, in Daily Report: Asia & Pacific, volume IV, number 3, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, →ISSN, →OCLC, page B 2:

In 1955, this administration was assigned responsibility for Lienchiang 連江縣, Changle, and Loyuan counties. Military government was reinstated in Matsu in 1956, and various outlying islands were brought under the administration of Lienchiang County.

1993, Republic of China Yearbook 1993, Government Information Office, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 126:

A three year project to study bird ecology in the area, coordinated by Wild Bird Federation of Taiwan (formerly Chinese Wild Bird Federation) and financed by Agriculture Improvement Bureau of Lienchiang County began in April 1996 and improved our understanding of the bird fauna.

2000, Liang Chieh-teh, Chang Shou-hua, Fang Woei-horng, “Little-known Oriental Bird”, in Oriental Bird Club, number 32, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 18:

The offshore islands of Matsu belong to Lienchiang county and cover a total area of 25,052 ha. They are composed of five large and several smaller islands, which are administratively divided into the four villages of Nangan, Beigan, Jyuguang and Dongyin. According to the national census of 1997 5,360 people live on the Matsu islands with more than 60% of the population living in Nangan.

2013, Meng-Kan Chen, Hsiu-Hsi Chen, “Increased cancer mortality in Taiwanese inter-island migrants”, in Geospatial Health, volume 7, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-08-08, page 252, column 2:

Surplus revenues from the Matsu Liquor Factory account for around 45 percent of the money raised directly by the Lienchiang County government every year. That's why County Commissioner Liu Tseng-ying has called for the distillery to double its revenues and profits.

2017 March 20, 3:32 from the start, in Makers of Matsu’s unique kaoliang liquor look to tap into foreign markets, Formosa Television:

The remote offshore areas set forth in the subparagraph 3 of paragraph 1 include:[…]
3. Beigan Township, Nangan Township, Jyuguang Township and Dongyin Township under the jurisdiction of Lienchiang County, Fuchien Province.

2019 October 17, “Article 10”, in Fee-charging Standards for the Use of State-operated Airport, Navigation Aids and Related Facilities, archived from the original on 2022-03-02, page 6:

On a clear day, up to hundreds of Chinese dredging ships illegally mining for sand can be spotted from the Matsu Islands. The islands, administered as Lienchiang County by Taipei, are located 200 kilometers from the main island of Taiwan, but only 20 kilometers off the coast of China’s Fujian province. Once on the frontlines of the Cold War between the Communists and the Taiwan-based Nationalists, the islands currently face a different type of threat. People in Matsu are concerned about the increasing numbers of illegal dredgers pumping tons of sand from the seabed, often invading waters within 6,000 meters of the islands, which are considered restricted waters by Taiwan’s coast guard.[...]
Wen Lii is director of the Democratic Progressive Party’s newly-launched Lienchiang County Chapter, located on the Matsu Islands, 20 kilometers off the coast of China’s Fujian Province. He is an analyst on foreign policy and regional security issues.

2020, Wen Lii, “From Taiwan to the Philippines, Chinese Illegal Dredging Ships Wreak Environmental Havoc”, in The Diplomat, archived from the original on 2020-08-12:

“There are at least hundreds of [Chinese] squid boats. It used to be just one or two dots of green, but now you see a complete line of green,” said Lai Wen-Chi, chief of the Fisheries and Husbandry Section of the Lienchiang county government, which oversees Matsu. Lai said vessels, which Taiwan officials say convey fishermen mostly from Fujian province, have surged in number in the past two years, with this year being the worst.[...]
Officials have not raised the issue of the green lights, said Wang Chung Ming, deputy head of Lienchiang county, because the impact would be “very limited.”

2021 October 15, Alicia Chen, Lily Kuo, “Green sky at night over Taiwan’s islands heralds a different kind of squid game”, in Washington Post, archived from the original on 2021-10-15:

Wang Chung Ming, the head of Lienchiang County, as the Matsu islands are officially called, said he and the legislator from Matsu went to Taipei shortly after the internet broke down to ask for help, and was told they would get priority in any future internet backup plans.[…]
Wang, the head of Lienchiang County, said he had mentioned the cables on a recent visit to China, where he had met an executive from China Mobile.

2023 March 8, Huizhong Wu, Johnson Lai, “Taiwan suspects Chinese ships cut islands’ internet cables”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-11, Business; republished as “Chinese ships cut internet of Taiwan’s outlying islands”, in AP News, 2023 April 18, archived from the original on 2023-03-08:

Two undersea cables connecting Lienchiang County (Matsu) with Taiwan proper were disrupted due to “natural deterioration” and could be repaired by next month, the Ministry of Digital Affairs said today.[…]
So far this year, Taiwan has reported four cases of disruptions in undersea cables, compared with only three both last year and in 2023, Chiueh said.
In 2023, the two undersea cables connecting Lienchiang were cut, disconnecting the Internet.
Authorities said two Chinese vessels caused the disruption, but that there was no evidence that Beijing deliberately tampered with the cables.
Taiwan has since worked to boost its communication resilience for emergencies including a conflict with China, such as a trial program to use low-Earth orbit satellites for remote areas including Lienchiang.

2025 January 22, Sam Garcia, “Matsu undersea cables disrupted by natural causes: ministry”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2025-01-22, Front Page, page 1:

A county of Taiwan, synonymous with the Matsu Islands.

連江 /连江

administrative name for the Matsu Islands; county and river in eastern China


Gwent

Borrowed from Welsh Gwent, from Old Welsh Guent, from Latin Venta Silurum, a Roman colony in Britannia.

A former county of South Wales, renamed in 1974 from Monmouthshire.


Dalarna

A county in central Sweden, known as Kopparberg County until 1997.


Yazd

From Persian یزد (yazd), see it for more.


Berwickshire

From Berwick + -shire; Berwick-upon-Tweed was part of Scotland at the time of the county's formation.

Scottish Borders
Scottish Borders#English

A lieutenancy area and historical county of the Scottish Borders council area, Scotland.


Zadar

A county of Croatia. County seat: Zadar.


Baranya

An administrative county in southern Hungary.


Csongrád-Csanád

Unadapted borrowing from Hungarian Csongrád-Csanád.


Dorsetshire

/ˈdɔː(ɹ)sɪtʃɪə(ɹ)/

Towards the end of the first world war, construction was begun on a branch to connect Bovington Camp with the London & South Western Railway at Wool, Dorsetshire.

1954 October, “The Why and the Wherefore: Bovington Camp Branch”, in Railway Magazine, page 735:


Rutlandshire

It has been suggested that the school authorities at Uppingham considered the name inappropriate, because the Southern Railway had no connection with Rutlandshire.

1955 October, “The Why and the Wherefore: "Schools" Class Locomotive No. 923”, in Railway Magazine, page 734, about a loco named "Uppingham":

(archaic) The English county of Rutland.


Isle of Ely

Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely
Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely

A historical area in northern Cambridgeshire, England; administered as its own county between 1890 and 1965, when it was absorbed into Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely.


Los Angeles County

The California counties include Alameda, Los Angeles, Sacramento, San Diego, San Francisco, San Bernardino, Ventura and others. Cities include Los Angeles, Oakland, San Francisco, San Diego, San Jose, Long Beach, Malibu, Culver City and Huntington Beach (see the full list below).

2025 May 30, Mark Sternfield, “Trump administration targets California ‘sanctuary’ cities, counties”, in KTLA:

One of 58 counties in California, United States. County seat: Los Angeles. The single most populous county in the United States, with over 10,000,000 inhabitants.


Stirlingshire

A historical county and registration county of Scotland, based in Stirling. The historic county was absorbed into Central Region in 1975.


Gorgan

From Iranian Persian گرگان (gorgân), from Classical Persian گرگان (gurgān); see it for more. Related to Hyrcania.


Ahvaz

From Persian اهواز (ahvâz), from Arabic أَهْوَاز (ʔahwāz) and اَلْأَهْوَاز (al-ʔahwāz), a shortened form of سُوق الْأَهْوَاز (sūq al-ʔahwāz), a partial-calque of Middle Persian Hūǰestān-vāčār (literally “the market of Khuzestan”), name of a major town in Sassanian-era Khuzestan; see Khuzestan for more.


Galveston

→ Spanish: Galveston

From Galvez + -ton. From Galvez' Town, from Spanish Gálvez. Named after Spanish Vice-Roy of New Spain Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Count of Gálvez. The island and bay were renamed Gálvez in 1783 by Spanish navigator José Antonio de Evia, for Bernardo de Gálvez, who supported American Independence. The bay and island were subsequently renamed after the port town that itself took on the name of the island on which it sits.

named-after

en:Galveston (disambiguation)
en:Galveston, Texas

Galveston County
Galveston County#English

Ellipsis of Galveston County: a county of Texas, United States. County seat: Galveston.


Varaždin

A county of Croatia. County seat: Varaždin.


Kings County

→ French: Comté de Kings (calque)

The county of New Brunswick is so named as a show of loyalty to the British monarchy.
The county of Nova Scotia is so named as a show of loyalty to the British monarchy.
The county of Prince Edward Island is named after George III (1738 - 1820).

One of 58 counties in California, United States. County seat: Hanford. Named after the Kings River.

One of 62 counties in New York, United States; it is coterminous with the New York City borough of Brooklyn.

A county of Prince Edward Island, Canada.


Wigtownshire

Dumfries and Galloway
Dumfries and Galloway#English

A historical county, registration county, and lieutenancy area in southwest Scotland, part of Dumfries and Galloway since 1975. The former county town was Wigtown.


Kirkcudbrightshire

A historical county, registration county, and lieutenancy area in the informal Galloway area of southwestern Scotland.


Santa Fe County

One of 33 counties in New Mexico, United States. County seat: Santa Fe.


Galveston County

One of 254 counties in Texas, United States. Largest city: League City. County seat: Galveston.


Monroe County

One of 67 counties in Alabama, United States. County seat: Monroeville.

One of 75 counties in Arkansas, United States. County seat: Clarendon.

One of 67 counties in Florida, United States, which includes the Florida Keys and part of the Everglades. County seat: Key West.

One of 159 counties in Georgia, United States. County seat: Forsyth.

One of 102 counties in Illinois, United States. County seat: Waterloo.

One of 92 counties in Indiana, United States. County seat: Bloomington.

One of 99 counties in Iowa, United States. County seat: Albia.

One of 120 counties in Kentucky, United States. County seat: Tompkinsville.

One of 83 counties in Michigan, United States. County seat: Monroe.

One of 82 counties in Mississippi, United States. County seat: Aberdeen.

One of 114 counties in Missouri, United States. County seat: Paris.

One of 62 counties in New York, United States. County seat: Rochester.

One of 88 counties in Ohio, United States. County seat: Woodsfield.

One of 67 counties in Pennsylvania, United States. County seat: Stroudsburg.

One of 95 counties in Tennessee, United States. County seat: Madisonville.

One of 55 counties in West Virginia, United States. County seat: Union.

One of 72 counties in Wisconsin, United States. County seat: Sparta.


Stephens County

One of 159 counties in Georgia, United States. County seat: Toccoa. Named after Alexander H. Stephens.

One of 77 counties in Oklahoma, United States. County seat: Duncan. Named after John Hall Stephens.

One of 254 counties in Texas, United States. County seat: Breckenridge. Named after Alexander H. Stephens.


Međimurje

A county of Croatia. County seat: Čakovec.


Bristole

(obsolete) Bristol, a city, county, and unitary authority in southwest England.


McClain County

Named for Charles M. McClain, an Oklahoma constitutional convention attendee.

One of 77 counties in Oklahoma, United States. County seat: Purcell.


Trimble County

One of 120 counties in Kentucky, United States. County seat: Bedford.


Norfolk County

One of 14 counties in Massachusetts, United States. County seat: Dedham. There are two exclaves of the county, Cohasset and Brookline.


Walton County

Walton County, Florida
Walton County, Georgia

DeFuniak Springs
DeFuniak Springs#English

One of 67 counties in Florida, United States. County seat: DeFuniak Springs. Named after Col. George Walton Jr.

One of 159 counties in Georgia, United States. County seat: Monroe. Named after George Walton.


Stone County

From either stone (lower case) or Stone (surname).

Stone County, Arkansas
Stone County, Mississippi
Stone County, Missouri

One of 75 counties in Arkansas, United States. County seat: Mountain View. It was named after natural stone formations.

One of 82 counties in Mississippi, United States. County seat: Wiggins. Named after John Marshall Stone.

One of 114 counties in Missouri, United States. County seat: Galena. Named after William Stone, a pioneer.


New Castle County

Named after Newcastle (Newcastle upon Tyne), England.

One of 3 counties in Delaware, United States. Seat: Wilmington.


Kent County

→ French: Comté de Kent (calque)

Several are named after Kent in England.

A county of New Brunswick, Canada, named after Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn.

One of 3 counties in Delaware, United States. County seat: Dover.

One of 23 counties in Maryland, United States. County seat: Chestertown.

One of 83 counties in Michigan, United States. County seat: Grand Rapids. Named after James Kent.

One of 5 counties in Rhode Island, United States. County seat: East Greenwich.

One of 254 counties in Texas, United States. County seat: Jayton. Named after Andrew Kent


Sussex County

One of 3 counties in Delaware, United States. County seat: Georgetown. Formerly known as Deale County in colonial America.

One of 21 counties in New Jersey, United States. County seat: Newton.

One of 95 counties in Virginia, United States. County seat: Sussex.


Lincoln County

Named after Abraham Lincoln, except where noted.

One of 75 counties in Arkansas, United States. County seat: Star City.

One of 64 counties in Colorado, United States. County seat: Hugo.

One of 159 counties in Georgia, United States. County seat: Lincolnton. Named after Benjamin Lincoln.

One of 44 counties in Idaho, United States. County seat: Shoshone.

One of 105 counties in Kansas, United States. County seat: Lincoln Center.

One of 120 counties in Kentucky, United States. County seat: Stanford. Named after Benjamin Lincoln.

One of 16 counties in Maine, United States. County seat: Wiscasset. Named after Lincoln, England.

One of 87 counties in Minnesota, United States. County seat: Ivanhoe.

One of 82 counties in Mississippi, United States. County seat: Brookhaven.

One of 114 counties in Missouri, United States. County seat: Troy. Named after Benjamin Lincoln.

One of 56 counties in Montana, United States. County seat: Libby.

One of 93 counties in Nebraska, United States. County seat: North Platte.

One of 16 counties in Nevada, United States. County seat: Pioche.

One of 33 counties in New Mexico, United States. County seat: Carrizozo.

One of 100 counties in North Carolina, United States. County seat: Lincolnton. Named after Benjamin Lincoln.

One of 77 counties in Oklahoma, United States. County seat: Chandler.

One of 36 counties in Oregon, United States. County seat: Newport.

One of 66 counties in South Dakota, United States. County seat: Canton.

One of 95 counties in Tennessee, United States. County seat: Fayetteville. Named after Benjamin Lincoln.

One of 39 counties in Washington, United States. County seat: Davenport.

One of 55 counties in West Virginia, United States. County seat: Hamlin.

One of 72 counties in Wisconsin, United States. County seat: Merrill.

One of 23 counties in Wyoming, United States. County seat: Kemmerer.


Choctaw County

One of 67 counties in Alabama, United States. County seat: Butler.

One of 82 counties in Mississippi, United States. County seat: Ackerman.

One of 77 counties in Oklahoma, United States. County seat: Hugo.


Johnson County

Benjamin Johnson
w:Benjamin Johnson (judge)

One of 75 counties in Arkansas, United States. County seat: Clarksville. Named after Benjamin Johnson.

Herschel Vespasian Johnson
w:Herschel Vespasian Johnson

One of 159 counties in Georgia, United States. County seat: Wrightsville. Named after Herschel Vespasian Johnson.

Richard Mentor Johnson
w:Richard Mentor Johnson

One of 102 counties in Illinois, United States. County seat: Vienna. Named after Richard Mentor Johnson.

One of 92 counties in Indiana, United States. County seat: Franklin. Named after John Johnson, a Justice of the Supreme Court of Indiana.

One of 99 counties in Iowa, United States. County seat: Iowa City. Named after Richard Mentor Johnson.

Thomas Johnson
w:Thomas Johnson (Kansas politician)

One of 105 counties in Kansas, United States. County seat: Olathe. Named after Thomas Johnson, a Kansan politician.

One of 120 counties in Kentucky, United States. County seat: Paintsville. Named after Richard Mentor Johnson.

One of 114 counties in Missouri, United States. County seat: Warrensburg. Named after Richard Mentor Johnson.

One of 93 counties in Nebraska, United States. County seat: Tecumseh. Named after Richard Mentor Johnson.

One of 95 counties in Tennessee, United States. County seat: Mountain City. Named after Thomas Johnson, an early settler.

One of 254 counties in Texas, United States. County seat: Cleburne. Named after Middleton Johnson, a Texas Ranger, soldier and politician.

One of 23 counties in Wyoming, United States. County seat: Buffalo. Named after E. P. Johnson, a Cheyenne attorney.


Soke of Peterborough

Huntingdon and Peterborough
Huntingdon and Peterborough

A historic area associated with the City and Diocese of Peterborough in England, at one time part of Northamptonshire. It became an administrative county in 1888, and was merged with Huntingdonshire in 1965, becoming the county of Huntingdon and Peterborough.


Worcester County

The county in Massachusetts is named after the city of Worcester.

One of 23 counties in Maryland, United States. County seat: Snow Hill.

One of 14 counties in Massachusetts, United States. County seat: Worcester.


Harper County

One of 105 counties in Kansas, United States. County seat: Anthony.

One of 77 counties in Oklahoma, United States. County seat: Buffalo.


Hot Spring County

Named after the hot springs at Hot Springs, Arkansas, which were formerly in the county.

One of 75 counties in Arkansas, United States. County seat: Malvern.


Carroll County

Named after Charles Carroll, except where noted.

One of 75 counties in Arkansas, United States. County seats: Berryville and Eureka Springs.

One of 159 counties in Georgia, United States. County seat: Carrollton.

One of 102 counties in Illinois, United States. County seat: Mount Carroll.

One of 92 counties in Indiana, United States. County seat: Delphi.

One of 99 counties in Iowa, United States. County seat: Carroll.

One of 120 counties in Kentucky, United States. County seat: Carrollton.

One of 23 counties in Maryland, United States. County seat: Westminster.

One of 82 counties in Mississippi, United States. County seats: Carrollton and Vaiden.

One of 114 counties in Missouri, United States. County seat: Carrollton.

One of 10 counties in New Hampshire, United States. County seat: Ossipee.

One of 88 counties in Ohio, United States. County seat: Carrollton.

w:William Carroll (Tennessee politician)

One of 95 counties in Tennessee, United States. County seat: Huntingdon. Named after William Carroll.

One of 95 counties in Virginia, United States. County seat: Hillsville.


Chester County

Named after Chester, England (Pennsylvania), Robert I. Chester (Tennessee), and possibly after the county seat in South Carolina.

One of 67 counties in Pennsylvania, United States. County seat: West Chester.

One of 46 counties in South Carolina, United States. County seat: Chester.

One of 95 counties in Tennessee, United States. County seat: Henderson.


Geneva County

Named after the county seat, which in turn was named after Geneva, New York and Geneva, Switzerland.

One of 67 counties in Alabama, United States. County seat: Geneva.


Mills County

One of 99 counties in Iowa, United States. County seat: Glenwood.

One of 254 counties in Texas, United States. County seat: Goldthwaite. Named after John T. Mills.


Oneida County

After the Oneida tribe (New York and Wisconsin), and Oneida Lake, New York (Idaho).

One of 44 counties in Idaho, United States. County seat: Malad City.

One of 62 counties in New York, United States. County seat: Utica.

One of 72 counties in Wisconsin, United States. County seat: Rhinelander.


Hancock County

One of 159 counties in Georgia, United States. County seat: Sparta.

One of 102 counties in Illinois, United States. County seat: Carthage.

One of 92 counties in Indiana, United States. County seat: Greenfield.

One of 99 counties in Iowa, United States. County seat: Garner.

One of 120 counties in Kentucky, United States. County seat: Hawesville.

One of 16 counties in Maine, United States. County seat: Ellsworth.

One of 82 counties in Mississippi, United States. County seat: Bay St. Louis.

One of 88 counties in Ohio, United States. County seat: Findlay.

One of 95 counties in Tennessee, United States. County seat: Sneedville.

One of 55 counties in West Virginia, United States. County seat: New Cumberland.


Middlesex County

All are presumably named after the former county of Middlesex in England.

County of Middlesex (alternative)
Middlesex Co. (alternative)

One of 8 counties in Connecticut, United States. There is no county seat.

One of 14 counties in Massachusetts, United States. There is no county seat (formerly two, in Lowell and Cambridge).

One of 21 counties in New Jersey, United States. County seat: New Brunswick.

One of 95 counties in Virginia, United States. County seat: Saluda.


Addison County

From the town of Addison in the county, which was named after Joseph Addison.

One of 14 counties in Vermont, United States. Shire town: Middlebury.


Mower County

One of 87 counties in Minnesota, United States. County seat: Austin.


Scioto County

From an Indian word referring to deer and deer hunting. See also Scioto River.

One of 88 counties in Ohio, United States. County seat: Portsmouth.


Cole County

One of 114 counties in Missouri, United States. County seat: Jefferson City.


Plymouth County

One of 99 counties in Iowa, United States. County seat: Le Mars. It was named after Plymouth, MA.

One of 14 counties in Massachusetts, United States. County seats: Plymouth and Brockton.


Montgomery County

Named after Richard Montgomery, except where noted.

Lemuel P. Montgomery
w:Lemuel P. Montgomery

A number of counties in the United States:

One of 67 counties in Alabama. County seat: Montgomery. Named after Lemuel P. Montgomery.

One of 75 counties in Arkansas. County seat: Mount Ida.

One of 159 counties in Georgia. County seat: Mount Vernon.

One of 102 counties in Illinois. County seat: Hillsboro.

One of 92 counties in Indiana. County seat: Crawfordsville.

One of 99 counties in Iowa. County seat: Red Oak.

One of 105 counties in Kansas. County seat: Independence.

One of 120 counties in Kentucky. County seat: Mount Sterling.

One of 23 counties in Maryland. County seat: Rockville.

One of 82 counties in Mississippi. County seat: Winona.

Montgomery County
Montgomery County#English

One of 114 counties in Missouri. County seat: Montgomery City. Named after Richard Montgomery or Montgomery County, Tennessee.

One of 62 counties in New York. County seat: Fonda.

One of 100 counties in North Carolina. County seat: Troy.

One of 88 counties in Ohio. County seat: Dayton.

One of 67 counties in Pennsylvania. County seat: Norristown.

John Montgomery
w:John Montgomery (pioneer)

One of 95 counties in Tennessee. County seat: Clarksville. Named after John Montgomery.

One of 254 counties in Texas. County seat: Conroe. Named after Montgomery, Texas.

One of 95 counties in Virginia. County seat: Christiansburg.


Mercer County

One of 102 counties in Illinois, United States. County seat: Aledo. Named after Hugh Mercer.

One of 120 counties in Kentucky, United States. County seat: Harrodsburg. Named after Hugh Mercer.

One of 114 counties in Missouri, United States. County seat: Princeton. Named after John Francis Mercer.

One of 21 counties in New Jersey, United States. County seat: Trenton. Named after Hugh Mercer.

One of 53 counties in North Dakota, United States. County seat: Stanton. Named after William Henry Harrison Mercer.

One of 88 counties in Ohio, United States. County seat: Celina. Named after Hugh Mercer.

One of 67 counties in Pennsylvania, United States. County seat: Mercer. (which is named after Hugh Mercer).

One of 55 counties in West Virginia, United States. County seat: Princeton.


Lafayette County

All named after the Marquis de Lafayette.

One of 75 counties in Arkansas, United States. County seat: Lewisville.

One of 67 counties in Florida, United States. County seat: Mayo.

One of 82 counties in Mississippi, United States. County seat: Oxford.

One of 114 counties in Missouri, United States. County seat: Lexington.

One of 72 counties in Wisconsin, United States. County seat: Darlington.


Edmunds County

One of 66 counties in South Dakota, United States. County seat: Ipswich.


Essex County

One of 14 counties in Massachusetts, United States. County seats: Salem and Lawrence.

One of 21 counties in New Jersey, United States. County seat: Newark.

One of 62 counties in New York, United States. County seat: Elizabethtown.

One of 14 counties in Vermont, United States. Shire town: Guildhall.

One of 95 counties in Virginia, United States. County seat: Tappahannock.


El Dorado County

One of 58 counties in California, United States. County seat: Placerville.


Nevada County

One of 75 counties in Arkansas, United States. County seat: Prescott. It was so named as it is roughly the shape of the state of Nevada when inverted.

One of 58 counties in California, United States. County seat: Nevada City. Named after the city, in 1851, not the state of Nevada which was created in 1861.


Vermilion County

Vermillion County
Vermillion County#English

One of 102 counties in Illinois, United States. County seat: Danville. It borders onto Vermillion County in Indiana.

Vermilion County
Vermilion River (Wabash River)


Vermillion County

Named after the (southbound) Vermilion River, the spelling is apparently influenced by French vermillon.

Vermilion County
Vermilion County#English

One of 92 counties in Indiana, United States. County seat: Newport. It borders onto Vermilion County in Illinois.


Fountain County

Named after Major James Fontaine, whose name was spelt in different ways.

One of 92 counties in Indiana, United States. County seat: Covington.


Sullivan County

One of 92 counties in Indiana, United States. County seat: Sullivan. Named after Daniel Sullivan.

One of 114 counties in Missouri, United States. County seat: Milan. Named after Major General John Sullivan.

One of 10 counties in New Hampshire, United States. County seat: Newport. Named after John Sullivan.

One of 62 counties in New York, United States. County seat: Monticello. Named after John Sullivan.

One of 67 counties in Pennsylvania, United States. County seat: Laporte. Named after Charles C. Sullivan.

One of 95 counties in Tennessee, United States. County seat: Blountville. Named after John Sullivan.


Hamilton County

Most are named after Alexander Hamilton, except Iowa (William W. Hamilton) and Texas (James Hamilton Jr.).

One of 67 counties in Florida, United States. County seat: Jasper.

One of 102 counties in Illinois, United States. County seat: McLeansboro.

One of 92 counties in Indiana, United States. County seat: Noblesville.

One of 99 counties in Iowa, United States. County seat: Webster City.

One of 105 counties in Kansas, United States. County seat: Syracuse.

One of 93 counties in Nebraska, United States. County seat: Aurora.

One of 62 counties in New York, United States. County seat: Lake Pleasant.

One of 88 counties in Ohio, United States. County seat: Cincinnati.

One of 95 counties in Tennessee, United States. County seat: Chattanooga.

One of 254 counties in Texas, United States. County seat: Hamilton.


Bucks County

From the short form of Buckinghamshire in England.

One of 67 counties in Pennsylvania, United States. County seat: Doylestown.


Schuylkill County

One of 67 counties in Pennsylvania, United States. County seat: Pottsville.