Sweden

→ Bengali: সুইডেন (śuiḍen)

→ Cantonese: 瑞典 (seoi⁶ din²)

→ Mandarin: 瑞典 (Ruìdiǎn)

→ Hakka: 瑞典 (Shuì-tién)

→ Korean: 서전 (Seojeon)

→ Vietnamese: Thụy Điển

→ Hindi: स्वीडन (svīḍan)

→ Hokkien: 瑞典 (Sūi-tián)

→ Mandarin: 瑞典 (Ruìdiǎn)

→ Japanese: スウェーデン (Suwēden)

→ Korean: 스웨덴 (Seuweden)

→ Marathi: स्वीडन (svīḍan)

→ Telugu: స్వీడన్ (svīḍan)

Borrowed from Scots Swethin, Swadne (also Swaden), from Middle Dutch Sweden, dative of Swede. Originally used to refer to the people before the late 1600s, later displaced native Old English Swēoland (literally “Swede land”), Swēoþēod (literally “Swede nation”), and Swēorīċe (literally “Swede kingdom”) to refer to the country.

ncog

People often mix up Sweden and Switzerland

Kingdom of Sweden
Kingdom of Sweden#English

A country in Scandinavia in Europe. Official name: Kingdom of Sweden.


Swedish

From Swede + -ish. Cognate with Dutch Zweeds, German Schwedisch.


crown

→ Japanese: クラウン (kuraun)

→ Korean: 크라운 (keuraun)

→ Maori: karauna

From Middle English coroune, from Anglo-Norman corone, from Latin corōna (“crown, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē). Doublet of corona, korona, koruna, krona, króna, and krone. Displaced native Old English corenbēag (“crown”); and Middle English kinehelm, kynehelm, from Old English cynehelm (“crown”).
* (paper size): So called because originally watermarked with a crown.

doublet

Any currency (originally) issued by the crown (regal power) and often bearing a crown (headdress); (translation) various currencies known by similar names in their native languages, such as the korona, koruna, krona, króna, krone.


Stockholm

From Swedish Stockholm, compound of stock (“log”) + holme (“islet”), due to the logs which were put outside of the Stockholm shores to prevent ships from invading.

A municipality, the capital and largest city of Sweden; county seat of Stockholm County, Sweden.


krona

Borrowed from Swedish krona (“crown”). Doublet of corona, crown, korona, koruna, króna, and krone.


nautical mile

Personnel trenches have been constructed or improved in Tantung (40-05-50N 124-21-30E) and along roads 13 nautical miles (nm) south-southwest of Tantung and 1.5 nm west of the border (Figures 2 and 3).

1970 May, “Basic Description”, in Chinese Defensive Activity Along the China-North Korea Border, National Photographic Interpretation Center, published 2011, archived from the original on 2023-12-04, page 1:

An even more impressive nineteenth-century militarized lighthouse is found on the Taiwanese Wuchiu island, located just 20 nautical miles off the Chinese coast. While much of the surrounding military structure has been demolished, its black tower and high walls painted in camouflage colours stand as reminders of the contested history of this small frontier island.

2022, Veronica della Dora, Where Light in Darkness Lies: The Story of the Lighthouse, →ISBN, →OCLC:

A unit of length corresponding approximately to one minute of arc of latitude along any meridian. By international agreement it is exactly 1,852 metres (approximately 6,076 feet or 1.151 statute mile).


Sami

From Northern Sami Sápmi, from one of the Sami languages, of uncertain origin/meaning, but possibly related to Proto-Balto-Slavic *źémē (“land”). More at Sápmi and Sami.

Relating to the Sami people of northern Scandinavia, or the Sami languages.

Samisch

relating to the Sami people or languages


Sound

From the common noun sound (“strait, inlet”).

The strait that separates Zealand (an island of Denmark) from Scania (part of Sweden); also sometimes called by the Danish name, Øresund.

Die Sont

strait that separates Zealand from Scania


Swede

From Middle Low German Swêde, from a Germanic word akin to Old Norse Svíþjóð, Old English Swēoþēod (“Sweden”, literally “Swede nation”), itself from Swēo (“Swede”), from Proto-Germanic *swihô (“Swede”). Cognate with Dutch Zweed, German Schwede. Doublet of suede.

cog

(historical) A member of an ancient North Germanic tribe that inhabited central Sweden

Svear

member of the ancient North Germanic tribe


Lapland

The northern parts of Scandinavia and Finland with the Kola Peninsula in Russia, traditionally inhabited by the Sami people.


sea mile

sea miles (plural)
sea-mile (alternative)
seamile (alternative)

As a former Scandinavian unit of distance, a calque of Danish sømil, Norwegian Bokmål sjømil, and Swedish sjömil, from Danish sø (“sea, nautical, maritime”) + mil (“Danish mile or league”).

(historical) A former version of the nautical mile in Scandinavia equal to 4 minutes of arc or about 4 nmi.


Baltic Sea

A sea in northern Europe, connected to the Atlantic.


öre

Borrowed from Swedish öre, from Latin aureus (“a Roman coin; golden”). Doublet of aureus, eyrir, øre, and oyra.

A Swedish unit of currency that makes up the krona. 100 öre equals one krona.


thaler

dollar

From German Thaler, an abbreviation of Joachimsthaler, after Sankt Joachimsthal, the German city in which some of the earliest thalers were minted in 1518. Doublet of tolar.

(historical, numismatics) A monetary unit used in a number of central and northern European countries, known locally as daalder (Netherlands), daler (Scandinavia), Taler, Thaler (Germany), etc.


fyrk

From Swedish fyrk, from Middle Low German vêreken, from ver/vier (“four”).

(historical) The monetary unit of Sweden between the 15th and 17th centuries, valued at between one-sixth and one-half of an öre.


skilling

From Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish skilling. Doublet of shilling.

(historical) A Scandinavian monetary unit and coin up to the 19th century. (A subdivision of the Swedish riksdaler, the Danish and Norwegian rigsdaler and speciedaler).


Selected by the European Union as the 3-digit number fastest to dial on cellular and rotary phones without the likelihood of accidental dialing caused by hanging up a landline telephone, sometimes interpreted by phone networks as a 1.

When you call 112 in the United Kingdom, the call is automatically rerouted to 999 operators.

The telephone number for emergency services on all GSM cell phones and in the EU, Russia, United Kingdom, Ireland, India, Indonesia, Turkey, Ukraine, Cameroon, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome, the Seychelles, Uganda, East Timor, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Moldova, North Macedonia, Vatican City, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, and Saint Vincent.


Gulf of Bothnia

/ˌɡʌlf əv ˈbɒθniə/

The northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea, separating the countries of Sweden and Finland.


Gutnish

From Swedish gotländsk (“from Gotland”). Equivalent to Got(land) + -ish.

The native language of the island of Gotland in present-day Sweden, used both as a spoken and written language until late medieval times.


Stockholmer

Stockholmers are very proud of their brand new underground railway—they even refrain from putting their feet on the opposite seats—and they have every reason for their pride.

1963 August, W. Shepherd, “Stockholm's modern underground railway”, in Modern Railways, page 99:


Old Swedish

The medieval form of the Swedish language, markedly different from the modern language in having more complex case and gender systems.


riksdaler

(historical) A unit of currency that was used in Sweden between 1777 and 1873.


Kattegat

Borrowed from Dutch Kattegat (literally “cat's gate”), suggesting a narrow passage only a cat could squeeze through.

bor+

A body of water between Jutland and the Swedish mainland.


Svealand

a historical region covering central Sweden


Trollywood

(informal) The Swedish film industry located in Trollhättan.


Scanian

Of or pertaining to Scania, a region of southern Sweden.


Riksdag

/ˈɹiːksdɑːɡ/

The bloodless royalist coup d'état performed against his Riksdag by enlightened ruler Gustavus III of Sweden in August 1772 gave credence to the idea of a European wave of reaction against the excesses of representative government.

2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, page 288:


Elfdalian

From Elfdalia + -an, from Älvdalen in Sweden, literally "river valley," from Swedish älv (“river”) + dal (“valley”).

A linguistic variety of the Scandinavian language continuum spoken in the old parish of Övdaln in Sweden.


ghost rocket

A poem in Copenhagen’s Berlingske Tidende, July 31, 1946, last page, made reference to a recent sensational ghost rocket sighting over Byen, expressing relief that the “rocket” was actually a meteor:

2001, Robert E. Bartholomew, Little Green Men, Meowing Nuns, and Head-hunting Panics: A Study of Mass Psychogenic Illness and Social Delusion, McFarland, page 273:

Many ghost rocket sightings came from Sweden, which is near the Soviet Union. U.S. and British officials convinced the Swedes to study reports of the ghost rockets. The Swedes found pieces of metal that they though came from crashed ghost rockets.

2011, Michael Burgan, Andrew Nichols, Searching for Aliens, UFOs, and Men in Black, Capstone Press, page 11:

The Swedish experts claimed that some 20 percent of the ghost rocket reports appeared to be neither aircraft nor natural phenomena.

2012, Ronald Story, The Mammoth Encyclopedia of Extraterrestrial Encounters, Constable & Robinson Ltd, page 243:

unidentified flying objects
unidentified flying objects

(ufology) Any of the rocket- or missile-shaped unidentified flying objects sighted in 1946, mostly in Sweden and nearby countries.

spökraket

rocket shaped UFOs sighted in 1946 in Sweden


Scandinavian Peninsula

the Scandinavian Peninsula (canonical)
Scandinavian peninsula (alternative)

A peninsula comprising the mainlands of Norway and Sweden, and the northwestern part of Finland (compared to Fennoscandia which comprises all the three countries Norway, Sweden and Finland); the largest peninsula in Europe (with an area of three-quarter million square kilometres).

إِسْكَنْدِينَافِيَا

peninsula in Northern Europe — see also Scandinavia


Ytterby

A village on the island of Resarö in Sweden


Kebnekaise

From Swedish Kebnekaise, from Northern Sami Giebmegáisi, from giebmi (“kettle, cauldron”) + gáisi (“tall mountain”).


Gothenburger

A person from, or an inhabitant of, the Swedish city of Gothenburg.

gøteborger

person from, or an inhabitant of, Gothenburg


Swedophile

Sweden is often in his mind though he is no robotic Swedophile, as one sometimes finds; his theory is more general and its applications would be more diverse.

2013, Jonathan Boswell, Community and the Economy: The Theory of Public Co-operation, Routledge, →ISBN:

On the other hand it was unfashionable to be Swedish-speaking, Swedophile and believing in cooperation with Russia.'44 These contrasting attitudes were not necessarily mutually exclusive; for example, some of the leading Jägers were Swedish-speaking although in other ways they fell into the 'fashionable' category.

2000, John Ernest Oliver Screen, Mannerheim: The Finnish Years, Hurst, →ISBN:

But even a Swedophile must exercise restraint. My memories of Swedish gardens are but one part and that indeed a small one, of my whole impression of Swedish life.

1935, Landscape and Garden: A Quarterly Journal Devoted to Garden Design and Landscape Architecture, volume 2, Arthurs Press, Ltd, page 102:

A person who admires Sweden and things associated with it.


Øresund

Borrowed from Danish Øresund, see there.

Alternative form of Oresund, a strait between Denmark and Sweden.


Oresund Bridge

/ˌɜːsʊnd ˈbɹɪdʒ/

/ˌɜ˞sʊnd ˈbɹɪdʒ/

From Oresund + bridge, a calque of the Danish Øresundsbroen and the Swedish Öresundsbron.

Öresund Bridge (alternative)
Øresund Bridge (alternative)

A road–rail bridge across Oresund between Sweden and Denmark.


Oresund

Borrowed from Danish Øresund, Swedish Öresund, from Old Norse Eyrarsund.

Öresund (alternative)
Øresund (alternative)

A strait in Northern Europe, which separates Denmark and Sweden.


Swedocentric

The question is whether, having abandoned a largely inapplicable Swedocentric standard for other countries, we have arrived at the opposite extreme where no common standards exist any longer.

2012, Peter Koslowski, Andreas Follesdal, Restructuring the Welfare State: Theory and Reform of Social Policy, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 100:

Our perspective is somewhat Swedocentric.

2010, James S. Fishkin, Robert E. Goodin, Population and Political Theory, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 159:

First and foremost, purely cross-sectional studies are trapped in what Michael Shalev (1983) has called the Swedocentric fallacy: ...

1992, Professor Marino Regini, The Future of Labour Movements, SAGE, →ISBN, page 134:

These trends are, firstly, the Swedocentric trend which sees Sweden as a model and all other countries as a deviation from it; ...

interpreted in terms of or centered on Sweden


Swedistan

No, more likely the cowardly Swedes will move away and the MooSlimes will rename it Swedistan. / Swedistan - Future Capital of Eurabia.

2006 June 3, Anonymous Infidel - Scares away the primitives with fire, “Re: OFFICIAL SWEDEN SAYS MUSLIM RAPES, ETC. = OK”, in soc.culture.australian (Usenet):

The Islamic Country of Swedistan.

2016 January 6, MuahMan, “Re: Multiple accounts - OS X vs. Windows”, in comp.sys.mac.advocacy (Usenet):

[“]Swedistan has failed. The ethnic Swedes will soon become a minority. I give it maybe ten years. These new Swedes will have the right to vote and that will be the end of Sweden. In my opinion Sweden is no longer a country I recognize.[”]

2019, Cathrine Thorleifsson, Nationalist Responses to the Crises in Europe: Old and New Hatreds (Research in Migration and Ethnic Relations), Abingdon: Routledge, →ISBN, page unknown:

The hubris of “progressive” politics, and its relentless war against patriarchy, provide a pointed reminder that cultural evolution is 100 percent reversible, as Sweden's violent descent into “Swedistan” amply testifies. Today's “progressive” social democracy is tomorrow's “Stone Age” Islamic theocracy.

2019, Lou Marinoff, On Human Conflict: The Philosophical Foundations of War and Peace, Lanham, MD: Hamilton Books, →ISBN, page 390:

(slang, derogatory, ethnic slur) Sweden, viewed as an Islamic country because of immigration from Islamic countries.


kulning

A Scandinavian vocal musical form with high-pitched echoes, traditionally used to call livestock down from the mountain pastures.


Carolean

en-adj

Carolean (comparative more Carolean, superlative most Carolean)

more Carolean (comparative)
most Carolean (superlative)

From Latin Carolus (“Charles”) + -ean. May be decomposed as Carol (“Charles”) + -ean.

Pertaining to a person named Charles or its variants and cognates; or places, things, or eras so named.

Using the still unfamiliar term, she declared that the nation was now entering a new “Carolean age”.

2022 September 9, Caroline Davies, quoting Liz Truss, “Charles to be proclaimed King at St James’s Palace on Saturday”, in The Guardian:

I have every confidence that in this new Carolean era, the United Kingdom will continue to prosper amid lasting peace and stability under Your Majesty’s leadership.

2023 May 6, Halimah Yacob, “Letter from President Halimah Yacob to His Majesty King Charles III”, in Congratulatory Messages from Singapore Leaders on the Coronation of His Majesty King Charles III:

Of or relating to King Charles I, Charles II, or Charles III.


Carolean

William Cartwright, an elegant minor poet, and one who was to the Caroleans what Tennyson was to the Victorians, is as good an index to the transitional period between poetry and verse as any in the century.

A contemporary of King Charles I, II, or III.


Carolean

Calque of Swedish karolin, ultimately derived from Latin Carolus (“Charles”).

More than three thousand Caroleans froze to death up here in the winter of 1718–19. We still find their remains sometimes.

2016, Marlaine Delargy, transl., The Man Who Wasn't There, Random House, translation of original by Michael Hjorth and Hans Rosenfeldt, →ISBN:

(historical) A soldier (or war veteran) of the Swedish kings Charles XI and Charles XII.


Carolean

the Carolean army

(historical) Of or relating to the Swedish kings Charles XI and Charles XII.


Great Northern War

(historical) A conflict (1700–1721) in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.


Swedish Empire

(historical) A European great power that exercised territorial control over much of the Baltic region from 1611 to 1721.


Era of Great Power

Calque of Swedish stormaktstiden (“the great power period”).

calque

(historical) The time period between 1611 and 1721 when the Swedish Empire thrived in Europe.


Swedish Sign Language

A sign language commonly used in Sweden.


United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway

en-proper noun

the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway

(historical) Former country on the Scandinavian Peninsula that existed from 1814 to 1905, now the separate countries of Norway and Sweden.

De forenede Kongeriger Norge og Sverige

Förenade Konungarikena Sverige och Norge