Moscow

Ultimately from Old East Slavic Москов- (Moskov-), originally referring to the Moskva River, probably from Proto-Slavic *mosky (“swamp, dampness, moisture”). Perhaps related to Czech moskva (“raw bread”), Slovak mozga (“puddle”), Polish Mozgawa, and more distantly Latvian mazgāt (“to wash, rinse”), Sanskrit मज्जति (májjati, “to sink”), Latin mergō (“to dive”), all from Proto-Indo-European *mesg- (“to plunge, dip”). Cognate with Russian промозглый (promozglyj, “dank”). Doublet of Moskva.

der

Moscow Oblast, an oblast of Russia, surrounding the city, which itself is not part of the oblast.

莫斯科州

Moscow Oblast, surrounding the city of Moscow


Leningrad

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Leningrad.wav

Leningrad Oblast
Saint Petersburg
en:Vladimir Lenin

Borrowed from Russian Ленингра́д (Leningrád), from Ле́нин (Lénin, “Lenin”) + град (grad, “city”). Named in honour of Vladimir Lenin.

An oblast of Russia, which surrounds, but no longer contains, Saint Petersburg, its former administrative centre.


Moskva

Transliteration of Russian Москва́ (Moskvá). Doublet of Moscow.

transliteration

Alternative form of Moscow, an oblast of Russia, surrounding the city of Moscow.


Astrakhan

/ˈæstɹəkɑːn/

Borrowed from Russian А́страхань (Ástraxanʹ).


Vladimir

From Macedonian and Russian Владимир (Vladimir) and reinforced by Medieval Latin Vladimirus, name of several saints in the Eastern Orthodox Church, from Old East Slavic Володимѣръ (Volodiměrŭ), Old Church Slavonic Владимѣръ (Vladiměrŭ), from Proto-Slavic *Voldiměrъ (which see for more), equivalent to владь (vladĭ, “power”) (which is from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“be strong”)) and мѣръ (měrŭ, “great”), changed by folk etymology into миръ (mirŭ, “peace”). Compare Waldemar.

Vladmir

from Russian, stress on the last syllable


Arkhangelsk

From Russian Арха́нгельск (Arxángelʹsk).

bor

Арха́нгельск


Sakhalin

From Russian Сахали́н (Saxalín), which was borrowed from Manchu ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ (sahaliyan, “black”), probably from the expression Manchu ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ
ᡠᠯᠠ
ᠠᠩᡤᠠ
ᡥᠠᡩᠠ (sahaliyan ula angga hada, “the peak at the estuary of the Amur river (literally: black river)”). Ultimately from Proto-Tungusic *sakalīn (“black”).

der

ᠰᠠᡥᠠᠯᡳᠶᠠᠨ ᡠᠯᠠ ᠠᠩᡤᠠ ᡥᠠᡩᠠ

Toyohara

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Russian Ю́жно-Сахали́нск (Júžno-Saxalínsk))

豊原 (とよはら; Toyohara) - alternative Japanese name for Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

An oblast of Russia, located on the island.


Novosibirsk

From Russian Новосиби́рск (Novosibírsk), from но́вый (nóvyj, “new”) and Сиби́рь (Sibírʹ, “Siberia”).

bor

Новосиби́рск


Novgorod

/ˈnɔːv.ɡə.ɹət/

From Russian Но́вгород (Nóvgorod, “Newtown”). Doublet of Novigrad.


Volgograd

Borrowed from Russian Волгогра́д (Volgográd).


Yaroslavl

Borrowed from Russian Яросла́вль (Jaroslávlʹ).


Amur

Borrowed from Russian Аму́р (Amúr), from an Evenki language such as Solon amur (“river”). Doublet of amur.

An oblast in far eastern Russia; its administrative centre is Blagoveshchensk.


Belgorod

/ˈbɛl.ɡəˌɹɑd/

/ˈbɛl.ɡəˌɹɒd/

From Russian Бе́лгород (Bélgorod, literally “white city”), from бе́лый (bélyj, “white, light”) + го́род (górod, “town, city”). Doublet of Belgrade, Beograd, and Berat.


Nizhny Novgorod

Borrowed from Russian Ни́жний Но́вгород (Nížnij Nóvgorod, literally “lower Newtown”).

Ни́жний Но́вгород

An oblast and federal subject of Russia.


Chelyabinsk

An oblast of Russia, near the Ural Mountains.


Kursk

Borrowed from Russian Курск (Kursk), referring to the Kur River.

Ку́рский кра́тер

impact crater in Kursk Oblast, Central Russia

Курск

settlement in Bolshevrudskoye, Volosovsky, Leningrad, Northwestern Russia

Central Federal District
Central Federal District#English

A city in Kursk Oblast, the administrative centre of Kursky Raion and Kursk Oblast, Central Federal District, Russia, first mentioned in 1032, scene in 1943 of the largest battle in human history.

An oblast of the Central Federal District, Russia, established in 1934 from the bipartition of the Central Black Earth Oblast.


Smolensk

Borrowed from Russian Смоле́нск (Smolénsk).


Murmansk

Borrowed from Russian Му́рманск (Múrmansk).


Irkutsk

Borrowed from Russian Ирку́тск (Irkútsk).


Kemerovo

Borrowed from Russian Ке́мерово (Kémerovo).


Saratov

Borrowed from Russian Сара́тов (Sarátov).

Volga Federal District
Volga Federal District#English

An oblast of the Volga Federal District, European Russia, Russia. Seat: Saratov.


Ulyanovsk

Borrowed from Russian Улья́новск (Ulʹjánovsk), named (1924) after Vladimir Ulyanov, better known as Lenin.


Orenburg

Borrowed from Russian Оренбу́рг (Orenbúrg).


Tyumen

Borrowed from Russian Тюме́нь (Tjuménʹ).


Kirov

Borrowed from Russian Ки́ров (Kírov). Renamed in 1934, after Sergey Kirov (1886–1934), a Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet communist assassinated in 1934.


Ivanovo

Borrowed from Russian Ива́ново (Ivánovo).


Kurgan

From Russian Курга́н (Kurgán), from Russian курга́н (kurgán, “kurgan, burial mound”), from Turkic (compare Turkish kurgan (“fortress”)).


Oryol

Borrowed from Russian Орёл (Orjól, literally “eagle”).


Orel

Alternative spelling of Oryol, an oblast of Russia.


Tambov

Borrowed from Russian Тамбо́в (Tambóv), from a Moksha language word meaning wetland, although it sounds like a Russian surname.


Kostroma

Borrowed from Russian Кострома́ (Kostromá).


Magadan

Borrowed from Russian Магада́н (Magadán).


Sverdlovsk

Transliteration of Russian Свердло́вск (Sverdlóvsk).


Rostov

Transliteration of Russian Росто́в (Rostóv). The surname comes from Russian рост (rost, “growth”). The etymology of the city's name is unclear.


Kursk Oblast

From Russian Курская область (Kurskaja oblastʹ).

der

Курская область


Chita Oblast

(historical) a former federal subject of Russia with center at Chita; existed until it merged with Chita Oblast to form Agin-Buryat Okrug on March 1, 2008