Sanmenxia

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 三門峽／三门峡 (Sānménxiá).

China's largest hydroelectric station is under construction at Sanmensia, and will supply power to the industrial centers of Loyang, Sian and Chengchow.

[1961 January [1960], “Basic Shifts in the Structure and Distribution of China's Industry”, in Soviet Geography: Review & Translation, volume II, number 1, New York: American Geographical Society, sourced from Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, seriya geografiya, 1960, No. 2, Pages 28-32 (Вестник Московского университета), translation of original by I. Kh. Ovdiyenko (in Russian), →ISSN, →OCLC, page 52:

Several vehicles were reported to have fallen from the elevated section of the highway after a truck laden with fireworks exploded, severely damaging a roughly 80-meter (262-foot) section of the road.
The incident occurred near the city of Sanmenxia, to the east of Xi'an, in the inland, eastern province of Henan.

2013 February 1, “China highway collapse”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2024-02-02:

Law enforcement in the central Chinese city of Sanmenxia, along the Yellow River, ran a system that over the course of a month this year screened whether residents were Uighurs 500,000 times.

2019 April 14, Paul Mozur, “One Month, 500,000 Face Scans: How China Is Using A.I. to Profile a Minority”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-04-14, Technology:


Pingyu

Two counties—Suiping and Pingyu—in the Hsinyang district of Honan province took the lead in this movement.

1958, India Quarterly, volumes 14-15, Indian Council of World Affairs, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 27:

Sometimes peasants complained. But is is the thorny logic of renzhi that operates in the countryside. Take the case of Cai Yutang, an elderly peasant in Pingyu County in Henan Province. Local officials wanted to collect money from the peasants to pay for an electricity station, but Cai refused to pay.

1994, Nicholas D. Kristof, Sheryl WuDunn, China Wakes: The Struggle for the Soul of a Rising Power, Nicholas Brealey Publishing, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 174:

Retribution was savage after Lu Xianwen denounced this as ‘sabotage of production’ and demanded the punishment of offenders. Cadres in Xiangyang Dian commune in Pingyu county ordered the culprits to be dressed in mourning.

1996, Jasper Becker, Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine, The Free Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 117:

State television, citing officials, confirmed that outbreaks in Enzhou in Hubei Province and Pingyu in Henan Province were indeed the lethal strain, and added a fresh H5N1 outbreak in Nanchang in Jiangxi Province.

2004 February 8, “China Confirms 3 Outbreaks of Bird Flu”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-08-21, Asia Pacific:


Tongbai

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 桐柏 (Tóngbǎi).

This paper records some plant impressions from the Wu-li-tui formation of the Wu-ch'eng basin in T'ung-pai hsien, Honan. The xerophytic Palibinia and small leaves of various kinds of leguminous plants are predominant.

[1978 August 1 [1978 March], “Plant Fossils of Late Eocene From Wu-ch'eng, Honan and Their Significance in Botany and Paleoclimatology”, in People's Republic of China Scientific Abstracts, number 195, →OCLC, page 23:

A large deposit of high-grade natural soda reportedly has been found in Tungpai County of Honan Province, within the Paleogene system of Cenozoic rocks.

[1979, International Minerals/Metals Review, McGraw-Hill, →OCLC, page 19:

China recently announced discovery of a large trona deposit in Tongbai County, ranking it the largest trona deposit in Asia and second only to the Wyoming deposit.

2013 August, Eileen De Guire, “State of raw materials 2013”, in American Ceramic Society Bulletin, volume 92, number 6, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 28:

The Laowan mine in Tongbai county produced 208 tonnes of gold between 2011 and 2019, the bureau said.
Henan is China’s second-largest gold producing province after northeastern Shandong province.

2022 August 23, Emily Chow, “China's Henan province ups gold resource at Laowan mine”, in Richard Pullin, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-07-14, COMMODITIES:

Another Douyin video, uploaded by the police department of Tongbai county in Henan province, showed a policewoman trying to identify spies by quizzing pedestrians about lines from sketch shows that only Chinese people – but not foreigners – would know.

2023 August 26, Jack Lau, “Be alert: China enlists the public in push back at US spying efforts”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-08-27, Politics:


Huaibin

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 淮濱／淮滨.

(2) Huaipin hsien is restored; its present administrative area is the administrative area of the former Huaipin hsien incorporated into Hsi hsien and the two administrative areas of Ch'issu and Changchuang ch'u of the former Huaipin hsien incorporated into Kushih hsien.

[1963, Survey of China Mainland Press, numbers 2889-2909, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2:

In Huaibin County a rich peasant who had earned 9000 yuan in 1981-82 paid for a new primary school and supported two teachers.

1985, John Cleverley, 中國培訓人才之道 [The Schooling of China: Tradition and modernity in Chinese education], George Allen & Unwin, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 261:

Xinyang special region received 1,200-1,400 mm of rain between June and August 1956: 280,000 homes were destroyed and 3.2 million peasants (out of a total of almost 6 million) were left homeless. In the most affected county in the special region and the province, Huaibin, 60 percent of the total surface area was covered by floods and 230,000 out of 440,000 inhabitants left homeless; grain production fell by 66 percent in 1956 and the authorities had to send large amounts of relief.

1995 [1982], Jean-Luc Domenach, “The First Leftist Excesses and Their Consequences (Summer 1955-Winter 1956)”, in A M Berrett, transl., The Origins of the Great Leap Forward: The Case of One Chinese Province [Aux origines du Grand Bond en avant], Westview Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 44:

Luo Ping, an English teacher at the No2 Senior Middle School in Huaibin county, Henan , said: 'We have radio signal blockers installed around all the test centres in the county, although test cheats are not so popular here.'

2009 June 8, “Mainland wages hi-tech war in bid to foil examination cheats”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-10-08:


Wolong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 臥龍／卧龙 (Wòlóng).

A tutor from the Nanyang Museum of Science and Technology of Henan Province brought a “small robot’ to the classroom of the Experiment School in Wolong District of Nanyang.

2008, Xia Hewen [夏和文], “Education”, in Key Words for Better Understanding China [关键词读中国], 1st edition, Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 102:

Located on Wolong Mound, west suburb of Nanyang, the temple was the farmstead of Zhuge Liang, a famous politician and strategist in the Three Kingdoms Period.

2008, Chen Xuejian, editor, Travel Around China, HarperCollins, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 590:

One of these report^([sic – meaning reports]) states that the Wolong District of Nanyang, Henan Province, has built a memorial to honest and upright officials, at which statues representing a number of feudal officials were erected together with ones to comrades Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Liu Shaoqi, and nine marshals of the People’s Republic.

2012 [1998 April 12], Jiang Zemin, “Leading Cadres Need to Increase their Political Discernment and Acuity”, in Selected Works of Jiang Zemin, volume II, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 109:

A man has been detained in Nanyang , Henan province, for allegedly hiring six HIV carriers to intimidate residents into moving out to make way for a real estate project.
More than 10 households left the residential community in Wolong district after the group left threatening messages on building walls, yelled at residents and set off firecrackers at night, The Beijing News reported.

2014 December 26, Huifeng He, Li Jing, “HIV patients hired to ‘intimidate’ people out of homes in Henan province”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-12-26, Society:


Shilong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 石龍／石龙 (Shílóng).

A pipeline transporting ammonia at a chemical factory in Shilong district of Pingdingshan city ruptured at around 6.30am yesterday.

2015 September 19, Nectar Gan, “Children cough blood and animals die as Chinese factory leaks ammonia”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-01-25, China:

A district of Pingdingshan, Henan, China.


Runan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 汝南 (Rǔnán).

Peasants of Junan County, Honan, planted more than 120,000 mou of sesame seed in 1970. Average yield per mou was 19.7 percent higher than that in 1969 and a new record for the county. Delivery of edible oil crops to the state by Junan County in 1970 increased by 14 percent as compared with 1969. The Tangchuang production team of the Lichuang production brigade of Junan County's Sanchiao commune set a record by turning out 222 catties of sesame seed per mou from a total of 60 mou planted is 1970.

[1971 March 23 [1971 March 15], “Honan Sesame Harvest”, in Daily Report: Communist China, volume I, number 56, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Peking NCNA Domestic, translation of original in Chinese, →OCLC, Communist China: Central-South Region, page D 2:

Tian Weiqin had been stationing his army in Runan county since 1921. Conflicts between troops and the local community did not occur until the defeat of the Zhili Army in 1924.

1994, Odoric Y. K. Wou, “Mobilizing the Sectarians: The Communists and the Red Spears”, in Mobilizing the Masses: Building Revolution in Henan, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 55:

The policeman in Runan county, in the poor central province of Henan, has been charged with “endangering public security by dangerous means” after crashing his police van into two street lamp poles, crushing five people to death, the official Xinhua news agency said.

2011 October 30, Ben Blanchard, “"Drunk" policeman's crash sparks protest in China”, in Ron Popeski, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-08-16, World News:


Pingqiao

/ˌpɪŋˈt͡ʃjaʊ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 平橋／平桥 (Píngqiáo).

The dragons' heads no longer exist, but the positions of the tongues are indicated by commas. Initially the design occupied a panel on a bronze surface, as on a gui discovered at Lintong 臨潼, Shaanxi (fig. 10a), or was repeated on a horizontal band, as on a pen excavated at Pingqiao 平橋, Xinyang Shi 新陽市^([sic – meaning 信陽市]), Henan (fig. 10b).

1991, Alain Thote, “The Double Coffin of Leigudun Tomb No. 1: Iconographic Sources and Related Problems”, in Thomas Lawton, editor, 東周楚文化討論會 [New Perspectives on Chu Culture During the Eastern Zhou Period], Princeton University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, pages 30–31:

Haotang village, under the jurisdiction of Pingqiao District, Xinyang City, Henan Province, China, has an area of approximately 20 square kilometres and a population of about 2300.

2019, Yanheng Lu, Junxi Qian, “Towards a material approach in rural geography: Architectural experiments in China’s rural renaissance and reconstruction movements”, in Geoforum, volume 116, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

Located in the suburbs of southeastern Pingqiao District, Xinyang City, Henan Province, Haotang Village has an area of 20.7 km2 and jurisdiction over 18 village groups and 2,385 people.

2021, Xiaoming Wang, Hong Hua, Green Village and Town Construction in China, Beijing: Science Press, →DOI, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 106:


Suiping

The city of Suiping is situated on the Peking-Hankow Railway and is the farthest north of our mission stations. It is the center of a district with a population of approximately 300,000 people who rank comparatively high in literacy.
Suiping was opened as a main station in 1912 when Rev. H. M. Nesse arrived to take charge of the mission work.

1934, White Unto Harvest in China: A Survey of the Lutheran United Mission, the China Mission of the N.L.C.A., 1890-1934, →OCLC, page 76:

Two counties—Suiping and Pingyu—in the Hsinyang district of Honan province took the lead in this movement.

1958, India Quarterly, volumes 14-15, Indian Council of World Affairs, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 27:

Actually they planted so much that there was a surplus. Suiping county alone sold 50,000 tons of turnips and cabbage to the state.

1978 February, Rewi Alley, “The Epic of Chumatien”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XVII, number 2, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 7, column 2:

A letter from Comrade (Li Hezhi), a listener in Suiping County, says: It is a Jiazi year [first year of Chinese 60-year cycle] this year. There will be natural and man-made calamities.

1984 March 22 [1984 March 17], “Henan Letters Reflect Feudal Superstitions”, in Daily Report: China, volume I, number 057, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Zhengzhou Henan Provincial Service, translation of original in Mandarin, →ISSN, →OCLC, PRC Regional Affaris: Central-South Region, page P 2:

The school has also banned students from hand-holding and time alone with each other, pupils from Suiping County No 1 High School in Henan province said on the news-clip platform Pear Video this week.

2019 March 14, Mandy Zuo, “Chinese school segregates boys from girls in cafeteria as part of clampdown on teenage romances”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-03-14, Society:


Queshan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 確山／确山.

Friends told of how at one stage, when the place was literally filled to the last corner, a group had arrived marching from Chuehshan, a hill county in Honan. It had taken them a month to come.

[1973, Rewi Alley, “Some Hunan Journeys”, in 中国见闻 [Travels in China, 1966-71], Peking: New World Press, →OCLC, page 17:

Their retreat to Ying-shang was part of a new plan to turn westward into Honan province along the route taken in February by Ch’en Te-ts’ai, who had tried to capture Hsin-ts’ai with the help of a local Nien force and afterward gone farther west past Ch’üeh-shan to lay siege to Nan-yang beginning March 10th.

[1973, Yu-wen Jen, “The Drive through Chekiang toward Shanghai (1861-1862)”, in The Taiping Revolutionary Movement, Yale University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 464–465:

The territorial base that each network controlled corresponded neatly with a subcounty administrative unit. In Queshan county, for instance, the Red Spears were divided into the Red, Yellow, Green, White, and Black Spears. The Red Spears, the dominant group in the southeast, had 100,000 men and 200 guns, while the Yellow Spears, who occupied the northern part of the county, numbered 40,000 with 100 guns. A mixture of various sectarians coexisted in the west of the county.

1994, Odoric Y. K. Wou, “Mobilizing the Sectarians: The Communists and the Red Spears”, in Mobilizing the Masses: Building Revolution in Henan, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 67:

Li Jinsheng wanted to study law. But because he is blind, virtually the only profession he could train for in China was massage. So he did that and set up a massage business in Queshan County, Henan Province.[…]
Reached by telephone, officials in Queshan County’s education department declined to comment.

2013 December 18, Didi Kirsten Tatlow, “Barred From College Entrance Exams, in a Blow for China’s Blind”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-08-18, Sinosphere:


Biyang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 泌陽／泌阳 (Bìyáng).

That Honan was the locus of manufacture for wares of the splashed black-glazed variety is suggested by the number of examples excavated in that province (for a reference to wares of this type excavated in Hsi-p’ing-hsien, Honan, see Sekai Tōji Zenshū, IX, 191; for a blue-glazed jar—similar in glaze and in the shape and disposition of its spots to the Palace Museum jar mentioned earlier—excavated at Pan-ch’iao, Mi-yang-hsien, Honan, see Wen Wu, 1954/9, Plate 59).

[1968, “Ceramics: Han-Sung”, in Chinese Art from The Cloud Wampler and other Collections in the Everson Museum, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 58:

The village of Nia Seng in Piyang county is famous as the birth place of two famous generals of the Six Dynasties period (AD 222-589). But that county is perhaps more famous today for its luscious pears, perhaps China’s best.[…]
The town was saved. Then there was a militiaman, Liu Hsiao-mo, of the Yangcheng brigade in Shahotien of Piyang county. He took a small boat and res- cued many people.

[1978 February, Rewi Alley, “The Epic of Chumatien”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XVII, number 2, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 5, 7:

For the two to live together is not against the law, but they cannot get a marriage license, as the woman's mental disability means she cannot clearly express her willingness to get married, said a local official in the government of Biyang County of Zhumadian City, Central China's Henan Province on Monday.

2021 March 2, Yameng Lu, “Marriage of 55-year-old man, 20-year-old mentally ill woman triggers debate”, in Global Times, archived from the original on 2021-03-02:


Mengzhou

/ˌmʌŋˈd͡ʒoʊ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 孟州 (Mèngzhōu).

Jiaozuo, for instance, brought forth the proposal "to inaugurate and promote educational modernization across the board," and in the counties with which it is affiliated—such as Mengzhou and Qinyang, the "Three New Classrooms"—in micro-mechanics, electronic teaching and phonetics—are rapidly moving ahead, keeping abreast of the "Three Old Classrooms" of the library, the[...]

1998, Chinese Education and Society, volume 31, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 36:

In the period around 1925, the Wen County police department found itself unable to meet the threat posed by large gangs of armed bandits (insurrectionists, really) operating in Henan Province. One such gang, the Red Spear Society, was already in control of neighboring Bo'ai County 博愛縣 and Mengzhou City 孟洲市^([sic – meaning 孟州市]) (Jiaozuo 焦作, Henan).

2019, Mark Chen, Chen Style Taijiquan Collected Masterworks: The History of a Martial Art, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page https://books.google.com/books?id=C8N_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PP10:

The government of Mengzhou, which oversees Sangpo, declined to comment when reached by phone. But Mengzhou’s mayor said last year that the crackdown was necessary and in accordance with the popular will, according to a statement on the Mengzhou government website.

2019 May 23, David Stanway, Philip Wen, Stella Qiu, “A pollution crackdown compounds slowdown woes in China's heartland”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-09-02:

A county-level city in Jiaozuo, Henan, China.


Ruyang

Translingual: Ruyangosaurus

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 汝陽／汝阳.

A memorial of 1325 says that two Honan men, Chao Ch’ou-ssu and Kuo P’u-sa (Kuo the Bodhisattva), from Hsi-chou (modern Ju-yang county) preached heretical doctrines, saying, "The Buddha Maitreya should possess the world."

[1976, Daniel L. Overmyer, “The White Lotus Tradition”, in Folk Buddhist Religion: Dissenting Sects in Late Traditional China, number 83, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 84:

In 1229, after having served for five years in the academy, Wang E was appointed district assistant in the Kuei-te administration and acting magistrate of the Ch’eng-fu county of Po-chou, both in Honan. A year later, he was promoted to be vice-prefect of Shen-chou, as well as acting magistrate of Ju-yang county in Ts’ai-chou (modern Ju-nan), Honan.

[1993, Hok-lam Chan, “Wang E (1190-1273)”, in Igor de Rachewiltz, Hok-lam Chan, Hsiao Ch’i-ch’ing, Peter W. Geier, May Wang, editors, In the Service of the Khan: Eminent Personalities of the Early Mongol-Yüan Period (1200-1300), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 301:

In October 1991, five months after my arrest, the PSB sent a special team of armed guards to take me and several other prisoners from the detention centre to the Da’an labour camp, which is located in Ruyang County in the north-west part of Henan Province.

2002, Brother Yun, The Heavenly Man: The Remarkable True Story of Chinese Christian Brother Yun, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 201:

Liu said that last week, he and his friends in Henan's Ruyang County helped gather nearly 10,000 signatures of people pledging to boycott Japanese products because of the new textbook approved in Tokyo.

2005 April 20, Edward Cody, “In China, Roots Of Anger Toward Japan Run Deep”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-08-15:


Gushi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 固始 (Gùshǐ).

The provenance of ant nose money is widely spread. The best known finds are those made at the Ch’i-ssŭ-li village in Ku-shih County in southeastern Honan.⁸¹

[1951, Wang Yü-ch’üan, “Money Before Coinage — Cowries and their Imitations”, in Early Chinese Coinage, New York: Sanford J. Durst Numismatic Publications, published 1980, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 79:

In certain places, the Nien succeeded in entirely supplanting the regularly constituted government authority. The result could actually be a considerable improvement for some of the local residents. In Honan’s Ku-shih County, for example, poor people seeking a settlement of their problems flocked to the local Nien chieftain for help.

[1980, Elizabeth J. Perry, “Predators Turn Rebels: The Case of the Nien”, in Rebels and Revolutionaries in North China, 1845-1945, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 116:

In Gushi County in the southern province of Henan, for example, returning workers have been ordered by the government into quarantine centers at empty schoolhouses and on the grounds of bankrupt factories.[…]
Gushi authorities also defended a program to charge migrants for checkups despite a central government regulation promising free health care for SARS patients.
"We only take suspected patients to our ward for isolation and observation," said a health official in Gushi who identified himself only as Zhang.

2003 May 8, John Pomfret, “WHO to Probe Spread Of SARS in Rural China”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-10-21:

Here in Henan’s rural Gushi County, only 73,000 of 1.4 million farmers fall below the official poverty level of $94 a year, which is supposed to be enough to cover basic needs, including maintaining a daily diet of 2,000 calories.

2008 January 13, Howard W. French, “Lives of Poverty, Untouched by China’s Boom”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-05-17, Asia Pacific:


Huangchuan

On February 23, General Chang Fang, Pacification Commissioner, for the special district of South Honan proceeded to Huangchuan to direct his troops in the suppression of the bandits.

1932 March 15 [1932 February 27], “Honan People in Dire Distress”, in North-China Herald, volume CLXXXII, number 3371, Shanghai, →OCLC, page 401, column 2:

Rev. Bly, of the United Lutheran Mission at Huangchuan, Honan, states that probably all of the important leaders in the Honan-Anhui-Hupeh Soviet organization are graduates of universities and colleges, at least one being a returned student from France; some of these were associated with the Hankow Government in 1926-7, and had to flee for their lives at the time of the turn-over.

1968, O. Edmund Clubb, “The Chinese Soviets”, in Communism in China, as Reported from Hankow in 1932, Columbia University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 85:

A survey of Huangchuan County, Henan Province, revealed that, in the period 1979-86, 39.6% of all marriages were through the matchmaker, 37.6% through third-party introductions, 6.9% through relatives’ introductions, and only 15.8% through direct acquaintance, ‘the model of modern marital behaviour’ (1994, 174-5).

1997, Harriet Evans, Women and Sexuality in China: Female Sexuality and Gender Since 1949, Continuum, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 227:

A principal from a Huangchuan county primary school in Xinyang, China’s southeastern Henan province, was sacked last week after two teachers from its nursery section took turns flogging a four-year-old boy.

2013 January 4, Ernest Kao, “Teachers flog four-year-old at Xinyang kindergarten”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-01-04, Opinion:


Huiji

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 惠濟／惠济.

While Zhengzhou had no money to improve its appalling deficiencies in transportation, education, and environmental protection, the government of a relatively poor district of the city, Huiji District, spent massive amounts (more than 700 million RMB or $87 million) in 2003-4 to build an office and residential complex that rivals the White House in size and appearance.

2010, Fei-ling Wang, “Conflict, resistance and the transformation of the hukou system”, in Elizabeth J. Perry, Mark Seiden, editors, Chinese Society: Change, Conflict and Resistance, 3rd edition, Routledge, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 86:

Last July, the woman from Huiji district in Zhengzhou went to the bank to withdraw money, and the teller accidentally gave her 70,000 yuan instead of the 60,000 yuan she requested.

2015 March 27, “Around the nation: woman searches for family 30 years after her abduction”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-03-31, China Insider:

The Huiji district government in Zhengzhou said Thursday that it sent in the bulldozer only after the hospital turned a deaf ear to requests that its CT room and morgue must be demolished to make way for the road project.

2016 January 10, “Chinese official who oversaw hospital demolition fired”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-22:

Although central governmental documents repeatedly emphasize to protect arable land with "the most stringent measures", local governments still have various flexible ways to get what they want.
The most typical case is that, in May 2004, the government of Huiji District of Zhengzhou City moved to the newly completed building in the downtown area.

2019, Hong Sheng, Qian Pu, Research on Efficiency and Fairness of Resources Allocation by China's Governmental Administration (Series on Chinese Economics Research), volume 16, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 309:


Xiping

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 西平.

That Honan was the locus of manufacture for wares of the splashed black-glazed variety is suggested by the number of examples excavated in that province (for a reference to wares of this type excavated in Hsi-p’ing-hsien, Honan, see Sekai Tōji Zenshū, IX, 191; for a blue-glazed jar—similar in glaze and in the shape and disposition of its spots to the Palace Museum jar mentioned earlier—excavated at Pan-ch’iao, Mi-yang-hsien, Honan, see Wen Wu, 1954/9, Plate 59).

[1968, “Ceramics: Han-Sung”, in Chinese Art from The Cloud Wampler and other Collections in the Everson Museum, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 58:

The people of the flood-stricken area of Honan Province, central China, offered to make bigger contributions to the people in quake-afflicted area in Tangshan, recalling how the party and people throughout the country had come to their aid in their time of difficulty. After learning that a number of the wounded had arrived at the Chumachen hospital, an elderly woman of the Wangkouying people's commune in Hsiping County brought a basket of eggs to give the hospital kitchen for the injured.

[1977 January 21 [1977 January 19], “NCNA Feature on Tangshan Earthquake Victims”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 14, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Peking NCNA, →OCLC, PRC National Affairs, page E 14:

In "Shindai ni okeru gigaku," pp. 299-304, Ogawa Yoshiko presents detailed information on the backgrounds of forty-one school managers in Hsi-p’ing county, Honan; almost every one was an official, a chien-sheng, or a shengyüan.

[1979, Evelyn Rawski, “Notes”, in Education and Popular Literacy in Ch'ing China, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 212:

Liu Ruyi, a new recruit, comes from Xiping county in Henan province.

1981 August, Shouyi Zhao, Zhang Kezong, “A Day with Squad Six”, in China Reconstructs, volume XXX, number 8, →OCLC, page 58:

While some local governments ignore the illiteracy problem, others are actively campaigning to teach people to read and write. In the villages of Xiping County in Henan Province in central China, students stop visitors and ask them to read a few characters on a blackboard. Any visitor who cannot read the characters is not allowed to enter the village. This means that illiterates are effectively grounded, and in frustration many have joined the special reading classes offered in each village. Now in Xiping County, according to local officials, only 1.7 percent of those between the ages of 20 and 40 are illiterate.

1994 September 4, Sheryl WuDunn, “China's Rush to Riches”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-26, Section 6, page 38:


Xincai

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 新蔡 (Xīncài).

His first time "outside” was in February 1966. Hsintsai County had asked the Chiliying commune for twenty cotton-growing technicians, and his team picked him as one.

[1974, Li (朱力) Chu, 田洁云 [Tien Chieh-yun], 在七里营人民公社里 [Inside A People's Commune: Report from Chiliying], Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, page 121:

In Hsintsai county, there was Wang Hsin-an, a soldier on reserve. A break in a sluice-gate threatened the land of his brigade and immediate action was necessary so that they could be evacuated over to higher land south.

[1978 February, Rewi Alley, “The Epic of Chumatien”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XVII, number 2, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 6, column 2:

One example of this type of dissension within Nien ranks was reported in Hsin-ts’ai County in 1845. A Nien chief in the county had led sixteen followers to stage a robbery in which they had made off with a sizable haul of animals, clothing, and bedding.[…]
Hsin-ts’ai County (Honan), 113

[1980, Elizabeth J. Perry, Rebels and Revolutionaries in North China, 1845-1945, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 113, 319:

During the Cultural Revolution I was exiled to Xincai County in Henan Province. There, 36 percent of the people starved to death in the early 1960s.

1990, Chen Yizi (陳一諮), quotee, Children of the Dragon: The Story of Tiananmen Square, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 48:

According to unpublished statistics from the United Nations Development Program, the number of families living below the official poverty line in Xincai, the county that includes Donghu, skyrocketed last year, to 270,000 from 40,000. Breadwinners fell ill, and families spent whatever they could scrape together for food and care.

2002 August 25, Elisabeth Rosenthal, “AIDS Scourge in Rural China Leaves Villages of Orphans”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-11-19, World:


Weidong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 衛東／卫东.

The 72 miners were trapped after stored explosives blew up at the Xingdong No.2 Mine in Weidong district of Pingdingshan in Henan province, it said.

2010 June 21, Huang Yan, Lucy Hornby, “Coal mine explosives blast kills 46 in China”, in Sugita Katyal, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-09-27:

Eight mines of Pingdingshan is China's own design and construction of the first large-scale mine, administrative area under the Weidong District, Pingdingshan City .

2017 November, Pei-yang Wang, Feng You-li, “Geological Hazards in Pingdingshan Coal Mine District and Controlling Countermeasures”, in International Journal of Scientific and Technical Research in Engineering, volume 2, number 11, →ISSN, page 23:


Nanzhao

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 南詔／南诏 (Nánzhào).

(historical) a kingdom that flourished in present-day Yunnan, China, between 739 and 902 CE.


Nanzhao

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 南召.

Chang Tiehtou or Iron Head Chang, another bandit ringleader, is now staying at Tenghsien in South Honan, with about 2,000 guns. Tsui Er-tan and Wei Kuo-chu, both famous bandit ringleaders, with about 7,000 guns, who had captured several villages in the Nanchao Hsien region and set some of them on fire are reported to have been defeated by the Government troops.

[1931 April 4 [1931 March 27], “Banditry and Famine in Honan”, in The China Weekly Review, volume 56, number 5, →OCLC, page 156, column 1:

HONAN COUNTY COMMITTEE--On 3 February some 10,000 proletarian revolutionaries, revolutionary masses, and PLA commanders and fighters in Nanchao County held a rally to celebrate the setting up of the Nanchao County revolutionary committee.

[1968, Daily Report: People's Republic of China, numbers 23-42, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 24:

Since foreigners are still prohibited from entering most such areas, I was able to visit only those that had already benefited from international and government-supported microfinance programs (discussed below), specifically Yucheng County in the east and Nanzhao County in the southwest of the province.

2002, Kellee S. Tsai, Back-Alley Banking: Private Entrepreneurs in China, Cornell University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 185:

The couple, who were not named, took the raft trip in a natural park in Nanzhao county in northern Henan province, the report said.

2015 June 8, Angela Meng, “'Tacky' Chinese boyfriend criticised for making river rafting staff salute girlfriend on her birthday”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-06-09, China:


Jianxi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 澗西／涧西.

It was decided to build the industrial district in Chienhsi far to the west, where there are fewer ancient tombs than in other places.

[1978 May, TANG HSIA, “LOYANG, A City Both Ancient and Young”, in China Reconstructs, volume XXVII, number 5, Peking, →OCLC, page 15, column 3:

The Three Kingdom jade cup found in a tomb in the Jianxi district is a masterpiece.

2009, Miriam Clifford, Cathy Giangrande, Antony White, China: Museums, Odyssey Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 121:

The question, given to pupils at 27 primary schools in the district of Jianxi in Luoyang, Henan province, instructed them to watch the video twice before answering four multiple-choice questions. One of the questions was: “What is Huawei’s competitive advantage? A. quality. B. design. C. functionality.”

2019 February 14, Michelle Wong, “Huawei video in Chinese school exam sparks product placement row”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-02-14, People & Culture:


Fangcheng

Chang Shih-chih,⁷¹ whose style was Chi, was a native of Che-yang⁷² of the Nan-yang commandery.

[1972 [Eastern Han], Hsün Yüeh, “Supported by Elder Brother”, in T’ung-tsu Ch’ü, transl., edited by Jack L. Dull, Han Social Structure, Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, sourced from 漢紀 50:1a SPTK ed., translation of original in Chinese, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 266–267:

The raid was conducted in a village about 27 miles south of Fangcheng, a city in Henan province in central China.

1994 February 16, Daniel Southerl, “CHINESE DETAIN 7 CHRISTIAN ACTIVISTS -- 3 FROM U.S.”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-10-29:

Quan Zhaoquan remembers that period well. A resident of Guan Zhuang village in Yangji Township, in Henan’s Fangcheng County, he was the village leader in 1968, a position frequently targeted by Red Guards looking for “capitalist-roaders,” as followers of Mao’s political target Liu Shaoqi were often called.

2003, David Aikman, Jesus in Beijing: How Christianity is Transforming China and Changing the Global Balance of Power, Regnery Publishing, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 75:

Guangdong Chant Group Inc. :
* Says it signed biomass power project with investment at about 320 million yuan in Fangcheng County, Henan Province

2016 November 23, “BRIEF-Guangdong Chant Group signs biomass power project, investment about 320 mln yuan”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2016-11-24, Consumer Goods and Retail:


Fangcheng

Finally, at the beginning of September, the commanders of the two companies of Kwangsi troops defending the unwalled district city of Fang-ch’eng, west of Ch’in-chou, abruptly defected to the revolutionary side. Why they defected is not clear. A native of Kwangsi himself, Wang may have played upon their common provincial ties; or he may have bribed them. In any case, with their help, Wang Ho-shun and several hundred followers captured Fang-ch’eng without a fight on September 3.

[1975, Edward J. M. Rhoads, “Middle Years of the Post-Boxer Decade, II: Revolution”, in China's Republican Revolution: The Case of Kwangtung, 1895-1913, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 115:

The agency also said there was an attack in Fangcheng County in Guanxi^([sic – meaning Guangxi]) Province and artillery fire directed against Yunnan Province

1979 August 25, “China Accuses Vietnam of Raids And Artillery Attack Near Border”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-03-10, page 4:

A district of Fangchenggang, Guangxi, China.


Yiyang

A scene from China’s great drought of 1960. Members of the Sanhsiang people's commune in Yiyang County form a "bucket brigade" to bring water from the Lo River, reduced to a trickle.
China Reconstructs (Peiping), November 1960

1961 May [1961 January 22], “China: Re-educating Capitalists”, in East Europe, A Monthly Review of East European Affairs, volume 10, number 5, New York: Free Europe Committee, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 14, column 1:

Li Ho (790-816), or Li Chang-chi, came from Changku County (present-day Yiyang County) in the province of Honan.

1976, Chung Wen, “Legalist Ideas in Li Ho's Poetry”, in Chinese Literature, number 2, Peking: Foreign Languages Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 94:

2. In 1980, a batch of more than 75 kilograms (about 2,000 pieces) of hollow head spades with slant shoulder and arc foot was excavated at Liuquan Village, Yiyang County, Henan Province².

1990, Zhang Jiqi, “The development of denomination systems in early Chinese coins”, in I.A. Carradice, editor, Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Numismatics, →OCLC, page 527:

Chickens ranged freely down the single mud lane of Wu Yuegou village, pecking at stray seeds and scattering with excited clucks when the dogs came barking.[…]
In this small community in the plains of northern Henan province, and across the rest of China, farmers in remote villages have made a tradition of keeping a few chickens around the barnyard.[…]
Even though the chickens in Li's village have not been vaccinated, officials in surrounding Yiyang County appear to have reacted to the call for action from Beijing. The Communist Party's tight organization at every level of the country's administration has long been an effective tool for handing down orders.

2005 November 20, Edward Cody, “China's Remote Villages Portend A Tough Fight Against Bird Flu”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-12-03:

Piglets at a farm in Yiyang County in China’s Henan Province. China has culled 1.2 million pigs in an effort to contain a deadly swine disease.

2019 September 10, Alexandra Stevenson, Raymond Zhong, “China’s Pork Prices Soar, Adding to Beijing’s Troubles”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-09-10, BUSINESS:


Yiyang

China has confirmed an outbreak of the H5N1 birdflu virus among poultry in the central province of Hunan, but no cases of human infection in the area hit, state media reported on Saturday.
The outbreak was in a village near Yiyang city in Hunan and killed 11,172 birds, a Ministry of Agriculture spokesman told Xinhua news agency.[…]
Yiyang, the site of the outbreak, lies next to Lake Dongting, which hosts many migratory birds.

2007 August 9 [2007 May 19], “China confirms birdflu outbreak among poultry”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-08-23:

A prefecture-level city in Hunan, China.


Nanyang

Translingual: Nanyangosaurus

zh-l

南陽／南阳 (Nányáng)

In one of theſe cities named Nanyang, is found a kind of ſerpent, the ſkin of which is marked with ſmall white ſpots : the Chineſe phyſicians ſteep it in wine, and uſe it afterwards as an excellent remedy againſt the palſy.

1798, “HONAN”, in Dobson's Encyclopædia, volume VIII, Philadelphia: Thomas Dobson, →OCLC, page 639:

Other villagers expressed a mix of resignation and worry. Residents in Nanyang, a city of 1.5 million about 20 miles to the south, have also voiced alarm on the Internet and called for the project to be scuttled.
“Here and around Nanyang, there’s opposition, but that’s futile,” said Li Chaoyong, 50, who builds and repairs homes around Hubin. “But if there are problems again like in Japan ...” His voice trailed off, and he shook his head.

2015 November 21, Chris Buckley, “China’s Nuclear Vision Collides With Villagers’ Fears”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-11-22, Asia Pacific:

China Southern Airlines has been testing the use of facial recognition technology in the city of Nanyang.

2018 April 3, Frank Sieren, “Sieren's China: Facial recognition”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2024-02-22, Technology:

Northern Hubei was centered around Xiangzhou, Xiangyang (modern Xiangfan of Hubei), the seat of local government of Xiangzhou, was a major gathering point for southward emigration out of the Central Plains due to its location at the intersection between the Han River and the trunk road from Nanyang to Jiangling.

2021, Jianxiong Ge, Yunsheng Hu, A Historical Survey of the Yellow River and the River Civilizations, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 184:

A prefecture-level city in Henan, China.


Xixia

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 西峽／西峡 (Xīxiá).

A 3,000-ton-per-year andalusite plant began operation in Xixia County, Hunan Province. The andalusite source for the plant was a deposit with proven reserves of 7.8 million tons.

1990, Michael J. Potter, Kyanite and Related Minerals, United States Bureau of Mines, →OCLC, page 3:

In Xixia county, in central Henan province, schools cleaned out a total of 6,000 books that were “inappropriate or had a poor outer appearance,” and 22,700 that had no value, local media reported.

2020 July 9, Huizhong Wu, “In echo of Mao era, China's schools in book-cleansing drive”, in Sara Ledwith, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2020-07-09, APAC:


Xixia

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 西夏 (Xīxià).

By minibus and taxi Getting here from Yinchuan’s Xingqing district is either expensive or difficult. If you favour the expensive option, just grab a cab — drivers will start the bidding at ¥150 (or more) one-way, though you should be able to get them down to ¥200 return, including they take up to 2hr to reach the tombs. Finally, you could waiting time. Alternatively, green and red buses (no number, though with Xixia written on the front) run from a stop just east of Nanmen Square; these cost just ¥2, though to reach the tombs. Finally, you could split the difference and take a bus to Xixia district (1hr; ¥1), from which it’s a far cheaper taxi-ride to the ruins (¥25 each way).

2014, “The Yellow River”, in Rough Guide to China (Rough Guides), 7th edition, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 225–226:

Zhang called the police after the confrontation. In a statement issued on Sunday, the public security bureau of Yinchuan’s Xixia district said Gao and her family have agreed to talk through the disagreement.

2022 February 15, Mandy Zuo, “Chinese woman dragged away by family in viral bride price dispute video asks the internet to calm down”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2022-02-15:


Shangcai

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 上蔡 (Shàngcài).

I’m an inn boy. I run a little wine shop⁶ here at Three Mile Stop beyond the Northern Pass in Shang-ts’ai County,* where everybody traveling north and south, wheelbarrow pushers, pole bearers, merchants, and what have you, come to have a drink and stay the night.

[1978, George A. Hayden, “P'en-erh kuei (The Ghost of the Pot)”, in Crime and Punishment in Medieval Chinese Drama: Three Judge Pao Plays, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 85:

Working without permission, Dr. Gui Xien, a researcher from neighboring Hubei Province, drew 155 blood samples from farmers in Shangcai County in Henan, where blood selling is common; 96 of them were H.I.V. positive, including blood sellers, their spouses and children, according to another doctor familiar with the study.

2000 October 28, Elisabeth Rosenthal, “In Rural China, a Steep Price Of Poverty: Dying of AIDS”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-06-10, World:

A trip with Zhao through a section of Shangcai County in southern Henan province, a region of small wheat and onion farms 600 miles south of Beijing, is a journey of sadness.

2001 January 11, John Pomfret, “The High Cost of Selling Blood”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-01-31:


Baofeng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 寶豐／宝丰 (Bǎofēng).

News also had been received of a rising at Pao-feng, twenty-three miles west, where the people were mid to be looting the granaries of the wealthy.

[1901, Marshall Broomhall, quoting C. Howard Bird, “My Escape from Siang-Ch’eng”, in Martyred Missionaries of the China Inland Mission, →OCLC, →OL, page 244:

According to the annotations by Tu Yü (杜預), the state of Ying lay to the southwest of present-day Pao Fêng (寶豐) County in Central Honan.

[1960, Mo Jo Ko, “Notes on the Ying Chien Hsien”, in Acta Archaeologica Sinica, number 1, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 8:

Even in October, at the conference on "Whole people take part in developing coal industry" convened in Paofeng County, Honan Province, a deputy minister, while sounding the pits' praises, spoke of the difficulties inherent in the running of pits, like vulnerability to flood-waters because of shallow working and complexity of arranging the drainage and winding systems when the working became deeper.

[1977, Alexander B. Ikonnikov, “Production”, in The Coal Industry of China, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 65:

In late July Father set off from Baofeng County, Henan Province, where the Central Plains Field Army was stationed, to attend the meeting in Xibaipo in his capacity as first secretary of the Central Plains Bureau.

1995 [1993], Maomao (Xiao Rong) Deng, Deng Xiaoping: My Father, Basic Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 427:

The 12 were repairing a shaft at a colliery in Henan province's Baofeng county when an explosion tore through the pit on Friday.

2007 September 4, “Rescuers pull 12 bodies from China coal mine”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-04-07, Latest Crisis:


Wugang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 武岡／武冈 (Wǔgāng).

Hengjiang Village is nestled in the lush mountains of China's Hunan province, just a few kilometers from the bustling city of Wugang.

2009 September 2, Emily Chang, “Plants shut for lead poisoning in south China; thousands sickened”, in CNN, archived from the original on 2009-09-03:

A county-level city in Shaoyang, Hunan, China.


Wugang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 舞鋼／舞钢 (Wǔgāng).

Fraud
Wu-kang district (舞鋼區), Honan province, lies between P'ing-ting-shan city (平頂山市) and Hsü-ch'ang city (許昌市), and[...]

[1980, China News Analysis, numbers 1181-1201, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 5:

The incidents occurred in Henan Province in an area known to have many "house churches."[…]
Mr. Zhang said that 40 worshipers at a house church were arrested on Oct. 26 in the city of Wugang and that more than 100 were detained on Nov. 5 in Nanyang.

1998 November 11, Elisabeth Rosenthal, “China Detains 140 From 2 Protestant Groups”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-27, Section A, page 5:

On October 26, 1998, the PSB assaulted a group of 40 at a house gathering, in Liuwan Village of Wugong County near Wugang City in Henan Province.

2006, Michael D. Suman, The Church in China: One Lord Two Systems, Bangalore, India: SAIACS, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 338:

Wugang in Henan Province announced a citywide lockdown starting July 11, making it the latest Chinese city to enact strict mobility curbs amid the country’s ongoing Covid flareup. The city of about 300,000, home to Wuyang Iron & Steel Co., is requiring all residents to stay at home unless they’re getting tested for Covid, according to a local government statement Monday.

2022 July 12, “China Locks Down a Steel Hub For Three Days on One Covid Case”, in Bloomberg News, archived from the original on 2022-07-12:

A county-level city in Pingdingshan, Henan, China.


Guangshan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 光山.

In a small village in Guangshan county in Henan, Mrs Liu Xiaohua, now aged 65, still vividly remembers the events of thirty-six years ago. One afternoon in 1994, perched on a small footstool, dressed in faded blue cotton trousers and smock, and occasionally smoking a cigarette, she recalled what had happened. On the muddy path leading from her village, dozens of corpses lay unburied. In the barren fields there were others; and amongst the dead, the survivors crawled slowly on their hands and knees searching for wild grass seeds to eat. In the ponds and ditches people squatted in the mud hunting for frogs and trying to gather weeds.

1996, Jasper Becker, Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine, The Free Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 1:

The attack, in the village of Chengping in Henan Province, happened shortly before 8 a.m., said a police officer from Guangshan County, where the village is located.

2012 December 14, “Man Stabs 22 Children in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 15 Deember 2012, Asia Pacific:


Fangchenggang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for the Mandarin 防城港 (Fángchénggǎng).

The capacity of the plant, in the southeast coastal city of Fangchenggang, is set to expand to 30 million tonnes after the third phrase of construction, although the companies have given no time frame for its completion.

2008 September 3, “China launches 30 mln-tn steel project in Guangxi”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-01, Industry, Materials and Utilities:

They were definitely somewhere between Fangchenggang and the Vietnamese border, much closer to the border he thought than the city, but given the fact that they’d fallen asleep and drifted for hours, who really could tell?

2011, Larry Bond, Jim DeFelice, Shock of War (Red Dragon Rising) (Fiction), New York: Tom Doherty Associates, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 129:

Arriving at the Nanning airport, Mr. Qi picked them up and they drove two hours southeast through the limestone hills of central Guangxi province to Fangchenggang.

2011, John D. Kuhns, “Chinese Handcuffs”, in China Fortunes: A Tale of Business in the New World, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 477:

A prefecture-level city in Guangxi, China.


Dadeng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 大嶝 (Dàdèng).

Agricultural zone established on Fujian's Dadeng Island Dadeng town on Dadeng Island, near Xiamen city in Fujian, has been designated an agricultural development zone.

1992, Summary of World Broadcasts: The Far East, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 4:

Dadeng Island, home to the newly built Dadeng Town market, has offered duty-free Taiwanese products since 1999.

2012, Beijing Review, volume 55, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 32:

Xiang'an Administrative District has a coverage area of 412sqkm, a sea area of 134 sqkm and a shoreline of 75km. It has 180sqkm lands that can be used for urban construction and a forest coverage ratio of 31.75%. It has four towns (Xindian, Maxiang, Neicuo and Xinxu), one subdistrict (Dadeng Subdistrict) and one farm (Damaoshan Farm) within its jurisdiction.

2019 October 31, “Xiang'an District”, in Invest Xiamen [投资厦门 厦门市招商办], archived from the original on 2023-03-25:

A subdistrict of Xiang'an district, Xiamen, Fujian, China, formerly a town

Dadeng Island (大嶝岛) In 1988, I was so entranced by my Chinese-English dictionary's 'model English sentences' that I read it cover to cover twice! (Read some of them on page 218). For example, how would you use the word "suppose?" The dictionary suggested, "I suppose she's gone to practice grenade throwing again."
What a hot date she'd make! But after visiting Dadeng Island's Cross-Straits Conflict Museum, I understood what got China's lassies hot under the collar.

2003, William N. Brown, 美丽厦门 [Amoy Magic], Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 186:

Everywhere on the mainland the defeated KMT was forced to retreat except in the Guningtou battle (Quemoy battle) of 1949 when the KMT won a rare victory in a key battle which prevented the Communists from "liberating" Taiwan by force. In the same year, after taking over Xiamen and Dadeng Island, the Communist Party attempted to take over Quemoy and attack Taiwan/Penghu.

2011, Journal of Chinese Overseas, volume 7, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 172:

The Kinmen-Xiamen submarine cable project was launched in 1996, after top ranking officials from Taiwan and China telecommunication companies held a meeting in Taiwan, Lu said. The system has two cables, an 11-kilometer one that runs directly between Kinmen's Lake Tzu and Xiamen's Guanyin Mountain, and a 9.7 km cable between Kinmen's Kuningtou and Xiamen's Dadeng Island, Lu said.

2012 August 21, Esme Chiang, C.J. Lin, “Chunghwa Telecom completes 1st cross-strait cable system”, in Focus Taiwan, archived from the original on 2023-03-25, Business:

4.2.3 Dredging-Produced SSC Increment and Marine Pollution
In and around Xiamen Bay, there are wildlife conservation areas and tourism functional zones (see Fig. 7), for example, the Chinese white dolphin nature reserve in the Xunjiang water, the Xiamen Branchiostoma conservation between Kinmen and Dadeng, the Xiamen rare and endangered species protection zone located to the south of Xiang'an and Dadeng, and a tourism functional zone along the eastern Xiamen coast. In recent years, however, to support the coastal reclamation projects in Xiamen, extensive dredging works have taken place in Xiamen Bay, especially in the shallow water near Xiang'an and Dadeng areas.

2019, Xiao Hua Wang, editor, Sediment Dynamics of Chinese Muddy Coasts and Estuaries, Academic Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 114:

Carrying a luggage, Jiang took a taxi from Xiamen in Fujian province to Dadeng Island, where he rowed towards the Kinmen Islands of Taiwan 1.8 kilometers away.
[...]As the Dadeng Isles, which comprises Dadeng, Xiaodeng and Jiaoyu, are located merely several kilometers away from Taiwan’s offshore county of Kinmen, they were used as military bases during the civil war in 1958.

2021 May 6, Second Chinese man crosses Taiwan Strait in one week, Apple Daily, archived from the original on 2021-06-17:

The invasion force disbanded on Oct. 29, leaving 250 men stationed on the island. On Nov. 28, the White Hawk Defense Force’s first division took over and set up headquarters in today’s Jincheng (金城) area. Meanwhile, the KMT moved the Kinmen County Government office to Dadeng Island (大嶝島) to the north, which is now part of the city of Xiamen.

2022 October 23, Han Cheung, “Taiwan in Time: ‘Eight years of vicissitude’”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-10-23, Features, page 13:

An island in Dadeng, Xiang'an district, Xiamen, Fujian, China


North Col

The way to reach the summit was therefore now getting very much clearer. The North-East Ridge could be reached by the edge of the North Face from the North Col. From the North Col to the summit the way was clear.

1926, Francis Younghusband, The Epic of Mount Everest, London: Edward Arnold & Co., →OCLC, →OL, page 65:

Once I'd established a balance and rhythm to skiing and breathing, I switched off the headlamp. Suddenly my world expanded from a small swath of lit snow to the immense darkness of the place. The tongue of the glacier I was climbing led up toward the North Col, 3,000 feet above me. To my right the great wall of the North Face rose 9,000 feet. On the left, Changtse loomed 5,000 feet high.

1988 April 17, Liz Nichol, “EVEREST IS CHALLENGING_WITHIN LIMITS”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-02:

With the help of yaks, the team set up an advanced base camp at twenty-one thousand feet, below the North Col, a saddle between Everest and Changtse, its satellite peak to the north.

1998, Jim Wickwire, Dorothy Bullitt, Addicted to Danger: A Memoir, Pocket Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 193:

During the course of the reconnaissance, the East Rongbuk Glacier and the North Col were discovered, which seemed to offer a promising route to Everest’s North East Ridge and thence the summit itself.

2003, Jon E. Lewis, editor, The Mammoth Book of How it Happened Everest, London: Constable & Robinson, →ISBN, →OCLC, page xxx:

Norton knew the cruel face of the mountain. From the North Col, the route to the summit follows the North Ridge, which rises dramatically in several thousand feet to fuse with the Northeast Ridge, which, in turn, leads to the peak.

2011, Wade Davis, Into the Silence: The Great War, Mallory and the Conquest of Everest, The Bodley Head, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page xiii:


Tianshui

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 天水 (Tiānshuǐ).

On the map Gansu is shaped like a dumbbell lying obliquely from east to west. Its best known city is Lanjhou, the capital, and also the gateway to the Silk Road. But we did not go there; we were heading for a relatively unknown city a few hundred miles away from Lanjhou, called Tianshuei.[…]
Finally we arrived in Tianshuei, an old, old city with impressive walls, 25 feet or more in height and at least 20 feet in thickness, surrounding the rectangular city, which runs about 1 to 2 miles north to south and 4 to 5 miles east to west.

[2007, “The Years before the End of the War”, in A Girl From Shanghai: The Story of Lillian Hsu, a Medical Geneticist, a NTU Medical College Alumna, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 35–36:

Smoke was used to make Friday’s drill at Yifu Experimental Middle School in Gansu province more realistic, but the volume generated was too large, said the official Xinhua News Agency. It said Friday’s drill was jointly organized by the school and Tianshui city’s Civil Air Defense Office.

2015 September 20, “150 students ill in China after breathing in smoke at drill”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2024-01-07:

We were still recovering from our Sian getaway, and I was still feeling a bit feverish. So sleep was good. Three hours later, we got off in Tienshui. We were in Kansu province now.

[2016, Bill Porter, “Tienshui”, in The Silk Road: Taking the Bus to Pakistan, Counterpoint, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 33:

I arrived in Tianshui an hour before sunset. Here was a city of flyover walkways and half-built skyscrapers that ran mile after bleak mile along the dirty waters of the Jie River. Tianshui was once surrounded by high gateways and spectacular city walls, whose lines followed the river. Modern Tianshui has lost those walls: Only the very oldest residents remember they once existed.

2020 May 11, Anna Sherman, “A Poetic Journey Through Western China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-05-11:

A prefecture-level city in Gansu, in northwestern China.


Dingxi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 定西 (Dìngxī).

In 1973 the esteemed and beloved Premier Chou assigned a mumber of leading comrades of departments concerned under the State Council to investigate the drought situation and help solve difficulties in Tinghsi Prefecture.

[1978 November 7 [1978 November 1], “Why Can't the Hsianghsiang Experience Be Implemented in the Chinghui Irrigtion Area?”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 216, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Lanchow and Peking NCNA Domestic Service, translation of original by Ho Tung-chung (in Chinese), →ISSN, →OCLC, People's Republic of China Northwest Region, page N 2:

On 3 May Hsü Ta’s army made contact with Kökö Temür’s forces near Tinghsi in Kansu.

[1982, Edward L. Dreyer, “Hung-wu: The Period of Consolidation, 1368-1380”, in Early Ming China: A Political History, 1355-1435, Stanford, Cali.: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 72:

For instance, in the arid Dingxi region of Gansu, deforestation forced the local population to tear up the sod to use as fuel, thus further reducing the already inadequate carrying capacity of the land and exacerbating the region’s serious poverty.

1999, The China Human Development Report, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 84:

The quake near the city of Dingxi in Gansu province toppled brick walls and telephone lines, shattered mud-and-tile-roofed houses, and sent cascades of dirt and rock down hillsides that blocked roads and slowed rescue efforts by crews trying to reach remote areas.[…]
“I saw the bulb hanging from the ceiling start swinging wildly around. I woke my two friends and we ran into the bathroom to hide,” said arts student Li Jingui, 21, who was on the fourth floor of a school dormitory in Dingxi when the shaking started.

2013 July 22, “Earthquake kills scores in northwest”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-07-24, World:

A prefecture-level city in Gansu, China.


Tingri

A number of gigantic palaeo-vertebrate fossils dating back 150 to 200 million years have been excavated in Tingri county in Tibet by the scientists with the Chinese Mount Shisha Pangma Mountain-climbing Expedition.[...]
These fossils were located on the slopes of Suje Hill in Tingri county 4,400 metres above sea level.

1964 July, “Rare Fossils”, in Eastern Horizon, volume III, number 7, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 68:

In Tingri county six out of the nine state-run enterprises (including collectives, which are quasi state enterprises) were without a bookkeeper. The county's truck team had not even kept accounts for the past few years.

1991, The Poverty of Plenty, Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 110:

At a reception counter a plump woman sat on a stool, her head cradled on her folded arms, fast asleep. Beside her on the counter were racks of faded brochures in half a dozen languages about the symptoms and treatment of altitude sickness. Behind her were wooden shelves with more than a score of small oxygen bottles fitted with breathing masks, under a sign that proclaimed the bottles to be the property of Tingri County.

2009, Eliot Pattison, “Chapter Seven”, in The Lord of Death, New York: Soho Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 113:

A county of Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.

As we approached Tingri, the valley widened out and bent round to the South. Tingri itself was situated on the side of a small hill in the middle of a great plain, from which, looking to the South, was visible the wonderful chain of snowy peaks, many of them over 25,000 feet in height, which extends Westwards from Mount Everest. We crossed the Ra-chu—a tributary of the Bhong-chu, partly by bridges and partly by fords ; it was split up into a number of small and very muddy channels that took their rise from the Kyetrak Glacier. Tingri was to be our first base for reconnoitring^([sic – meaning reconnoitering]) the Northern and North-western approaches to Mount Everest.

1922, C. K. Howard-Bury, “From Khamba Dzong through Unknown Country to Tingri”, in Mount Everest: The Reconnaissance, 1921, Longmans, Green and Co., →OCLC, →OL, page 70:

Tingri lies at the edge of a vast plain. There are great views of the Himalayan giants to the south, assuming there's no cloud cover. Everest, or the uppermost part of it, is visible to the far left, but from this distance it doesn't look like a mammoth. However, Cho Oyu, straight ahead, looks stunning. It's worth taking a short hike to the south of Tingri for better views; another viewpoint is from the top of the hill above the village, where there are some old fort ruins.

2006 August, Michael Buckley, Tibet (Bradt Travel Guides), 2nd edition, Globe Pequot Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 200:

From there they would literally walk off the map, following a route that in seven days promised to reach Tingri Dzong, the Tibetan military garrison and trading depot that had long been anticipated as the base for the initial explorations of the northern approaches to the mountain.

2011, Wade Davis, Into the Silence: The Great War, Mallory and the Conquest of Everest, The Bodley Head, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 208:

Climbers say that China seems committed to avoiding the mistakes made by the Nepal government by issuing too many permits and increasing traffic. According to reports, China issued permits to only 22 Chinese nationals this year, out of the total 180 permits issued, in a bid to control traffic. The Chinese are also trying to boost their domestic tourism with a new mountaineering center in Tingri.

2018 May 16, Pradeep Bashyal, Annie Gowen, “Climate change, crowding imperil iconic route to top of Mount Everest”, in Washington Post, archived from the original on 2018-05-17:

A town in Tingri County, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.


Longling

Yet, the Chinese are credited with saving many lives by their accurate prediction of two other severe earthquakes with magnitudes registering 7.5 and 7.6 that struck Lungling County in western Yunnan Province on May 29, 1976.

[1981 August, Frank Don, “Earth Alert: Preparing for Earthquakes”, in Earth Changes Ahead, New York: Destiny Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 141-142:

Programmes of rearing captive peacocks are currently under way in Longling county in west Yunnan province, and other peacocks are being preserved in land set aside in forest near Qinghua in the Dali Bai autonomous prefecture and in the capital Kunming's zoological garden.

2006, Christine E. Jackson, “The Green Peacock in the East”, in Peacock, Reaktion Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 132–134:


Shanghang

In June of that year, Lin led a Red Army detachment to the village of Tsaihsi, in the Shanghang county of Fukien Province.

1970, Martin Ebon, “Boy from Hupeh (1907-1930)”, in Lin Piao: The Life and Writings of China's New Ruler, New York: Stein and Day, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 19:

Riverside Pavilion, to the east of Floating Bridge Gate, Shanghang County in western Fukien Province is an unusual pavilion.

1977, Ho Wei, “My Visits to Riverside Pavilion”, in Chinese Literature [中国文学], volume 7, Peking: Foreign Languages Press, page 10:

This 1941 volume contains, for example, Mao's October 1930 investigation of the Jiangxi county of Xingguo and reports on the administration of two subcounty areas in Xingguo and in Shanghang County, Fujian.

1990, “Introduction”, in Roger Thompson, transl., Report from Xunwu, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 38:

Zijin had been ordered to curb gold mining production after a pollution discharge in Shanghang county, Fujian province, and it expected to lose about 1 tonne of gold production this year as a result.

2010 July 28, Donny Kwok, “Zijin says executive detained in toxic spill probe”, in Ken Wills, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-08-27:


Hekou

Hokou County in Yunnan Province and Lao Kay in Vietnam are separated by a river. The two banks of the river are full of wandering Overseas Chinese refugees.

[1978 May 24 [1978 May 21], “57,000 Persecuted Overseas Chinese Residing in Vietnam Have Returned to China”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 101, sourced from Hong Kong TA KUNG PAO, translation of original in Chinese, →ISSN, →OCLC, page N 5:

On Monday night, the New China News Agency said militiamen in Yunnan's Hekou County had ambushed Vietnamese infiltrators before dawn on Sunday, killing four of them and capturing a machine gun and four submachine guns.

1983 April 20, Christopher S. Wren, “PEKING WARNS HANOI ON BORDER CLASHES”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, World:

On arrival at the hamlet of Ying-kuan-chai, over-looked by a ruined Tibetan fort, which we reached by a wooden bridge spanning the stream and by following the latter’s right bank to the end of the valley, I held a meeting of all the drivers, and informed them that the Commissary at Ta-chien-lu had distinctly stated to me that the animals supplied to me at Ta-chien-lu would take me right through to Ho-k’ou, a five days’ march, and that I would have no trouble with change of transport as far as that place.

[2001, Alexander Hosie, “Ta-chien-lu to the Tibetan frontier and back”, in Mr Hosie's Journey to Tibet, 1904: A Report by Mr A. Hosie, His Majesty's Consul at Chengtu, on a Journey from Chengtu to the Eastern Frontier of Tibet, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 82:

A Yao autonomous county in Honghe prefecture, Yunnan, China, near Lào Cai, Vietnam.


Xiangxiang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 湘鄉／湘乡 (Xiāngxiāng).

From the first day, I knew that he was Mao Tse-tung and he knew that I was Siao Shu-tung, which was my school name, since we were distant neighbors in the country region from which we both came. Our homes were approximately thirty kilometers apart, and we lived in neighboring districts. I came from Siangsiang, and he lived across the border in Siangtan.

[1961, Siao-yu, “Back to School”, in Mao Tse-tung and I Were Beggars, Hutchinson & Co., →OCLC, page 31:

This rural character became the backbone of Tseng Kuo-fan’s Hunan Army, which was recruited mainly from the hilly farm areas. Tseng’s home district of Hsiang-hsiang west of the Hsiang River ultimately furnished 52 generals (41.9%) and many of the rank and file,29 while such districts as Pao-ch’ing in the upper Tzu Valley and Hsin-ning near the mountainous Kwangsi border in the south also contributed many officers and men.

[1976, Charlton M. Lewis, Prologue to the Chinese Revolution: The Transformation of Ideas and Institutions in Hunan Province, 1891-1907, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 8:

Mao’s father decided to apprentice Mao to a rice shop in Hsiangtan with which he had some connection. Mao was not against the idea, but he had also heard from his cousin Wen about a new school in his mother’s county of Hsianghsiang which taught— and by radical methods—some of the “new knowledge” of the West, with less emphasis on the classics.

[1980, Dick Wilson, “1893-1910 Child of the Snake”, in The People's Emperor, Mao: A Biography of Mao Tse-tung, Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., →ISBN, →OCLC, page 14:

The accident occurred as more than 400 students at Yucai Middle School in Hunan Province headed back to their dormitories after evening classes.[…]
The injured were taken to three hospitals in Xiangxiang, a city of about 900,000. “They are so young,” said an aide at Hospital No. 2. “They looked so pitiful.”

2009 December 8, Sharon LaFraniere, “China Stampede Kills 8 Students”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-12-25, Asia Pacific:

A county-level city in Xiangtan, Hunan, China, formerly a county.


Xiong'an

c. 2017, from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 雄安 (Xióng'ān); a combination of the names of 雄縣／雄县 (Xióngxiàn, literally “Xiong County”) + 安新 (Ānxīn, literally “Anxin County”), two of the constituent areas of Xiong'an.

Development of Xiong'an New District (XND) is integral to the implementation of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) Integration Initiative. It is intended to ease the non-capital functions of Beijing, optimize regional spatial patterns, and enhance ecosystem services and living environment in this urban agglomeration.

2017 December 28, Wenhui Kuang Kuang, Tianrong Yang, Fengqin Yan, “Examining urban land-cover characteristics and ecological regulation during the construction of Xiong’an New District, Hebei Province, China”, in Journal of Geographical Sciences, volume 28, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

In planning and building the Xiong’an New Area [part of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development program], under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee we should follow the underlying principle of seeking progress while maintaining stability, and reinforcing and implementing the new development concepts.

2018, Jinping Xi, The Governance of China, volume II, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 260:

Taking the planning of Hebei Xiong an New District, which is similar to the Beijing City Sub-center business district, as an example, the general secretary Xi Jinping's report at the nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: to ease the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei with the function of "non Beijing capital" as a "nose" to promote the coordinated development of Beijing Tianjin Hebei, a high starting point plan and a high standard construction of Xiong an new area, so the Xiong an new area is built at the very beginning.

[2019 December, Changjun Wu, “The Current Situation, Problems and Improvement Countermeasures of Industrial Access System in Grand Canal Business District, Beijing City Sub-Center”, in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, volume 4, number 1, →ISSN, page 330:

The latest Water Census, made public this year, prompted rage on Chinese social media when it emerged that Beijing and its nearby administrative annexe of Xiong’an, a new "smart city” built at the behest of President Xi, both enjoy green codes on the basis of projected deliveries of water from the SNWDP.

2020 July 4, “Trickle-down policies”, in The Economist, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 6:

The aim of this work is to better understand smart cities in a unique and complex context such as China analysing the most recent example known as the Xiong an new area.[...]Firms, especially the technological big companies, play a pivotal role in the development of Xiong an new area. They cooperate to design better solutions and to deliver innovative services.[...]On October 2017, Xiong an new area signed a strategic cooperation with Alibaba Group and Ant Financial Group.

[2021, Eleonora Veglianti et al., “Smart City in China: The State of Art of Xiong an New Area”, in Organizing Smart Buildings and Cities: Promoting Innovation and Participation, Springer, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 82, 91:

Around 1.2 million people in Xiong'an New Area -- a new economic zone 100 kilometres southwest of Beijing -- are no longer allowed to enter or leave their residential compounds, local virus prevention staff confirmed to AFP on Friday.
While recent lockdowns in China are publicly announced and widely reported by state media, the Xiong'an restrictions appear to have been introduced by stealth with no public announcements -- sparking confusion among some residents of the area.
[...]While there have been a number of national-level "New Areas" across China, Xiong'an stands out with its location personally designated by President Xi Jinping, according to state media.

2022 January 28, “China quietly locks down area near Beijing with Olympics a week away”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2022-01-28:

If China’s growth continues to stumble, Mr. Xi may have less largess for big technological programs and marquee projects like Xiong’an, an unfinished city of neat boulevards and office blocks outside of Beijing whose design exemplifies his ideas of an orderly, advanced society.

2022 October 14, Chris Buckley, “‘Uncle Xi’ to Exalted Ruler: China’s Leader Embodies His Authoritarian Era”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-10-14:


Baoting

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 保亭 (Bǎotíng).

HAINAN COUNTY FLOODS—The leadership organs at all levels in Paoting County adopted emergency measures to reduce the losses caused by typhoons and rainstorms to the minimum and tried by every way possible to reap n bumper harvest.

[1978 November 15, People's Republic of China, Agriculture, number 12, U. S. Joint Publications Research Service, →OCLC, page 60:

The memorial service for him took place in Tungtsa on the morning of 15 November. Wreaths were sent by[…]responsible comrades of the autonomous prefectural and Chiungchung, Paoting and Paisha County party committees; and (Wang I-ching's) friends, some 190 people in all.[…]
Present at the memorial service were[…]Secretary of the Paoting County party committee (Yang Wen-kuei);[…]and (Wang I-ching's) relatives and friends, some 1,100 people in all.

[1978 November 27 [1978 November 24], “Hainan Holds Memorial Service for Former Cadre”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 228, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Haikow Hainan Island Regional Service, translation of original in Mandarin, →ISSN, →OCLC, Central-South Region, page H 5:

Fifty-two thousand speakers of the Jiamao language were reported in a 1987 study.¹ They live in the southeastern part of Hainan Island, concentrated in the eastern and southern parts of Baoting County, as well as in parts of Lingshui and Qiongzhong counties.

2000, Paul Hattaway, “Li, Jiamao”, in Operation China: Introducing all the Pooples of China, Piquant, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 293:

If you have time to visit only one of the many rainforests in Hainan, then you must visit Yanoda Rainforest Cultural Tourism Zone in Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County.

2019 November 15, Department of Tourism, Culture, Radio, Television and Sports of Hainan Province, “5 great family-friendly holiday attractions on Chinese tropical island of Hainan”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-11-15:

At the opening ceremony, the results of “Hainan Climate Favorable City (County)” in 2021 were announced. After comprehensive evaluation by experts, Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County was awarded the title.

2021 November 17, “Health Expo Stuns Visitors With High-Tech Products And Record-Setting Area”, in AP News, Business Wire, archived from the original on 2023-04-07:

A Li and Miao autonomous county in Hainan, China.


Tarim

Similarly, Lop Nur Lake, in southeastern Xinjiang, which once supported a thriving indigenous culture, dried up for good in the early 1970s. Its lifeline, the Tarim River, which used to skirt the northern fringe of the Taklamakan Desert, has been sucked dry by upstream agriculture.

2002 July 19, “Traffic flows where river once did”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-10-07:

The Tarim River, he notes, used to drain into a large inland lake, which dried up completely in the 1960s.

2013 April 30, Steven Mufson, “China struggles to tap its shale gas”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-10-21, Business:

For several decades, the lower Tarim river, in proximity of the new transport corridors, had been in the eye of a major ecological disaster. The upper part of the 2,030 km river was heavily dammed for agricultural purposes.

2019 June 29, Atul Aneja, “The inescapable revival of the Tarim basin”, in The Hindu, archived from the original on 2020-11-07:


Minhou

We left Foochow after an early breakfast, and after half an hour on a boat ferry that took us from the city environs across the Min River and up a tributary, we landed in Minhou county, and took the highway that led across Yungtai county to Tehua.

1975, Rewi Alley, “Some Fukien Pottery Kilns, Ancient and Modern”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XIV, number 3, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 26, column 2:

Wang, a one-time fan factory worker joined the police force in Minhou county in Fujian in 1979.

2018 February 28, Ben Blanchard, Benjamin Kang Lim, Philip Wen, “Exclusive: Xi confidant set to become China's new spy master - sources”, in Philip McClellan, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2018-11-28, World News:

Since 2015, Tang and his wife, Xing Zhen, have been living in a reclusive, mountainous part of Minhou county, in southeastern Fujian province, about two hours’ drive from the capital, Fuzhou.

2019 November 16, Denise Hruby, “China’s new communes: self-sustainability in Fujian province”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-11-16, Environment:


Hongze

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 洪澤／洪泽 (Hóngzé), bestowed on the lake by Emperor Yang of Sui in 616 out of pleasure encountering rain after an inspection tour through drought-afflicted areas.

Earlier this month, hundreds of aggrieved parents gathered outside the government office in Jinhu County, in the eastern province of Jiangsu, demanding an explanation for why 145 infants had been administered expired doses of the polio vaccine.[…]
This month after the scandal in Jinhu, a video circulated on Weibo and WeChat showing a meeting with local officials and residents from a neighboring district, Hongze.

2019 January 30, Yanzhong Huang, “If a Government Can’t Deliver Safe Vaccines for Children, Is It Fit to Rule?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-01-30, Opinion:


Liaodong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 遼東／辽东 (Liáodōng).

Meronyms: Liaoyang, Shenyang

Bohai Sea is on the northeastern coast of China, bounded by Liaodong and Shandong Peninsulas, so pollution there is slow to wash out to the ocean, exacerbating damage to local marine life.

2009 June 22, “Oil slicks poisoning China's Bohai Sea - official”, in Emma Graham-Harrison, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-14, Oil Report:


Jiaozhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 膠州／胶州 (Jiāozhōu).

A contest on the theme of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) of the “Tell China’s Stories” Contest 2020 was launched in Jiaozhou of Qingdao, East China’s Shandong Province, on August 21, 2020.[…]Liu Jianjun, member of the Standing Committee of the Qingdao Municipal Party Committee, secretary of the Jiaozhou Municipal Party Committee, and secretary of the Party Working Committee and director of the Management Committee of the China-Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Demonstration Zone for Local Economic and Trade Cooperation [of Qingdao], said that Jiaozhou, Qingdao being chosen as the launch location reflected the concrete efforts that Qingdao has made in implementing President Xi Jinping’s directive on building a new platform for international cooperation under the BRI framework, and was a vivid example of achieving economic integration, cultural sharing, and people-to-people communication among BRI countries and regions.

2020 August 24, “BRI-themed contest of “Tell China’s Stories” Contest 2020 launched in Jiaozhou, Qingdao”, in PR Newswire via AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-21:

A county-level city in Qingdao, Shandong, China.


Xuanhua

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 宣化 (Xuānhuà).

Ancient Xuanhua City (宣化古城)
It locates in Xuanhua District, Zhangjiakou. The ancient city was first built in the Tang Dynasty. In the twenty-seventh year of Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty (1394), it was expanded and covered with bricks.

2005 January, Dong Yaohui [董耀会], “Historical Relics on the Great Wall [长城名胜]”, in Tan Baoquan [谭宝泉], transl., The Eternal Great Wall [永远的长城], Beijing: China Nationality Art Photograph Publishing House [中国民族摄影艺术出版社], →ISBN, →OCLC, page 124, column 1:

Several counties and districts of Zhangjiakou city in northern China, which will host some of the Games, are urging residents to get vaccinated, saying it is a "necessary contribution" that they should make for the international event.
As part of the city's vaccination campaign, more than 1,800 unvaccinated visitors were dissuaded from entering a park in the Xuanhua district earlier this month and guided to nearby inoculation sites, according to a social media post by the district-level authorities.

2021 June 16, Roxanne Liu, Ryan Woo, “China ramps up vaccinations, but uneven rollout leaves borders closed”, in Miyoung Kim, Michael Perry, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-06-16, China:

A district of Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China.


Changan

From Mandarin 長安／长安 (Cháng'ān); reinforced by Hanyu Pinyin but lacking the apostrophe required to show the correct characters involved. See 隔音符號／隔音符号 (géyīn fúhào) for more.

In the poems of the historian Pʽan Ku, who belong to the 1st century there are two celebrated for their description of the palaces of Changan and Loyang. He wrote the first of these in order to persuade the emperor not to allow the old imperial buildings at Changan to be destroyed.

1884 September-October, J. Edkins, “Tauism in the Tsʽin and Han Dynasties.”, in The Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal, volume XV, number 5, page 342:

The second line contains a reference to the eastern capital under the T’ang dynasty, viz. the town of Lo yang, near the present Ho nan fu, in the province of Ho-nan, as distinguished from Changan the chief town, otherwise known as Si ngan fu.¹

1891, E. Koch, “On two Stones with Chinese Inscriptions.”, in E. Delmar Morgan, transl., Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 452:

On the streets of Changan, the capital city of the Han Dynasty, there were many pork shops, wine shops and restaurants selling cooked meats and drinks.

1977 February 6, T.K. Yang, “Chopsticks look simple-but beginners may have trouble!”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVIII, number 6, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2, column 5:

He also enjoyed unprecedented favor from the emperor, who appointed him to high-ranking offices, dubbed him prince (a privilege usually reserved for members of the imperial clan), had a mansion built for him in Changan, and granted him the right to mint coins. By 755 An became aware that Chief Minister Yang, a cousin of Yang Guifei, in Changan was plotting to remove him from power and began to fear that he was losing the emperor's favor.

2002, Charles Benn, “History”, in Daily Life in Traditional China: The Tang Dynasty, Greenwood Press, →ISBN, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 10:

(historical, sometimes proscribed) Alternative form of Chang'an, former name of Xi'an, a former capital of China.

The exact sites of Feng and Hao have yet to be verified, but seven pits containing chariots, horses and other Zhou burial objects were discovered at Fengxi, and a concentration of Western Zhou relics and tombs was found in the area of Doumen in Changan County on the east bank of the Feng River.

1991 [1987], Zou Zongxu, translated by Susan Whitfield, The Land Within the Passes: A History of Xian, Viking, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 68:

(sometimes proscribed) Alternative form of Chang'an, a district and former county of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.


Sikang

(1) At about the same time their number was 573,981 in the eastern half of Sikang Province, including nineteen districts east of the Kin-sha River; (2) and 321,945 in the western half.

1949, Han-seng Chen, “The Kamba and their Relations with Central China”, in Frontier Land Systems in Southernmost China, Institute of Pacific Relations, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 73:

The southern limit of the Roe deer in China seems to be about latitude 30°N but in Sikang and Szechwan provinces it may extend slightly south of this latitude in the Kinsha River area.

1972, G. Kenneth Whitehead, “The Deer of Europe and Northern Asia”, in Deer of the world, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 84–85:

Where five channels in the Northwest Passage were known, Ericsson opened a sixth. He found a peak in Sikang Province of western China, in the Amne Machin Range, which was almost a thousand feet higher than Everest, but he lost his instruments and his companions and Mount Everest remained on the books the highest mountain on the planet.

2008 [1946], Ellery Queen, “The Adventure of the Needle's Eye”, in Paul D. Staudohar, editor, Murder: Short & Sweet (Fiction), Chicago: Chicago Review Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 205:


Shaoyang

Top, left, weighing shed of a surface coal mine in Shaoyang, southwestern Hunan.[...]The Executive Yuan is understood to be planting the establishment of three “national industrial defence lines,” namely, a northwestern line with headquarters in Paochi, a southwestern line with headquarters in Shaoyang, and a southeastern line in Kiangchow.

1939 February 4, C. Y. W. [孟長泳] Meng, “China Fights and Rebuilds Simultaneously”, in The China Weekly Review, volume 87, number 10, →OCLC, pages 298–299:

Mr. Tan’s journey from migrant worker to labor organizer began in a small farming community near the city of Shaoyang, in central China’s Hunan Province, where Mao Zedong was born.

2010 June 13, David Barboza, “In China, Unlikely Labor Leader Just Wanted a Middle-Class Life”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-01-31, Global Business:

The four high school graduates were born in a small city of Shaoyang in central China’s Hunan province in 2003, but were transferred to a major regional hospital almost immediately because of their unstable vital signs, reported the Xiaoxiang Morning Herald.

2021 June 9, “Quirky China: Nude chat scam hits fully-clothed man, woman gives birth in street, and quadruplets thank hospital for lives”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-08-25:

A prefecture-level city in Hunan, China.


Yalu

鴨綠／鸭绿 (Yālù)

[...]the Founder of that Family, who took the Name of Yuen, and who is known in Europe by the Name of Zing hi, or Zing his kan, but whom the Chineſe Hiſtory calls Tchin bi ſe, and Tai tſou, after he had conquer’d the King had thoughts of carrying the War into Corea: His General, called Leou co immediately made himſelf Mafter of the Towns ſituated upon the Eaſt of the River Ya lou;[...]

[1739 [1735], P. Du Halde, “Geographical Obſervations on the Kingdom of Corea”, in The General History Of China, 2nd edition, volume IV, →OCLC, page 391:

The Tumen river separates Corea from Manchooria, except in the last few miles of its course, when it flows by Russian territory, the south-eastern corner of Siberia. The Yalu river also divides Corea from Manchooria.

1895, Trumbull White, The War in the East Japan, China, and Corea, Philadelphia: P.W. Ziegler & Co., →OCLC, →OL, page 374:

More recently, work has been opened in a town on the Yalu River, about 500 miles by boat from Dairen.

1935, A. W. Yocum, “From Dairen, Manchuria-Organized 1925”, in Annual of the Southern Baptist Convention, Memphis, TN, page 206:

In an effort to limit the war to the borders of Korea, the United Nations forces were prohibited by political directive from firing across the Yalu River—a prohibition which made a sanctuary of Manchurian territory.

1963, Dwight Eisenhower, Mandate for Change 1953-1956, Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 176:

Soon after the start of the Russian-instigated North Korean invasion of South Korea in June 1950, Peiping sent 200,000 “volunteers” across the Yalu.

1973 May 27, “Mao still embraces Stalin cult”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIV, number 20, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2:

By this time, Kim II Sung already had the assurances of the Chinese that they would not allow his government to fall without a fight. So he retreated to Sinuiju, on the Korean side of the Yalu, just across from the Manchurian industrial center of Antung, and shouted curses over the radio waves at the United Nations, President Syngman Rhee, and the United States.

1984, Edwin P. Hoyt, “To the Yalu”, in On to the Yalu, New York: Stein and Day, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 247:

Positioned near the mouth of the Yalu River, Dandong is China’s largest border town, and much of North Korea’s trade with the world flows across its old bridges or through its deepwater port.

2017 May 12, Jane Perlez, Yufan Huang, Paul Mozur, “How North Korea Managed to Defy Years of Sanctions”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-05-12, Asia Pacific:

A river forming the southern part of the China-North Korea border.

鴨緑江

おうりょくこう、Ōryokukō; おうりょっこう

Banmendian

Other Mandarin-derived geographical terms in Korea


Dagu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 大沽 (Dàgū).

On the shore at Ta-ku (on the northern coast of the mouth of the Pei-ho) they were received by Brigadier General Shuang-jui of the Tientsin garrison, and Wen-ch’ien, Ch’ang-lu salt controller.

[1964, Te-kong Tong, “The Pei-ho Expeditions—An Imperial Game”, in United States Diplomacy in China, 1844-60, Seattle: University of Washington Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 163:

On March 23, MacDonald formally requested that the Foreign Office send two warships to Ta-ku, the nearest port of Peking. The ships were required, he explained, for the protection of British missionaries, since new disturbances were breaking out in Shantung. He supported this appeal by pointing out that the United States was sending one ship to Ta-ku, that Italy had two ships ready to send, and that Germany had the use of her Kiaochow squadron.

[1966, Edmund S. Wehrle, “British Policy and the Boxer Rising”, in Britain, China, and the Antimissionary Riots, 1891-1900, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 154:

With China’s defenses still in an inchoate state of development, British forces seized Guangzhou and the Dagu Forts in northern China, from which they could easily march on Beijing.

2011, Henry Kissinger, “From Preeminence to Decline”, in On China (Foreign Relations / World Politics), New York: Penguin Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 66:

The official said two British warships had been sent to Dagu, the coastal location nearest Beijing, to protect British lives and property. The United States also had sent a warship to Dagu, a response in part to an earlier attack by “secret society” mobs on an American medical mission near Chongjing.

2017, Robert W. Merry, “China”, in President McKinley: Architect of the American Century (Biography & Autobiography), Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 414:

A subdistrict of Binhai district, Tianjin, China


Tumen

圖們／图们 (Túmén)

Another tribe, the Kwiara, live on the frontiers of Korea, on the north bank of the Tumen river, and these are probably also Orochi.

1861, E. G. Ravenstein, The Russians on the Amur, London: Trubner and Co., page 340:

The Tumen river separates Corea from Manchooria, except in the last few miles of its course, when it flows by Russian territory, the south-eastern corner of Siberia.

The Tumen is not yet so important as the Yalu, but with the development of a rival to Vladivostock, now a closed port, in Hunchun, it is acquiring greater importance.

1910, The Provinces of China, Together with a History of the First Year of H.I.M. Hsuan Tung, and an Account of the Government of China, Shanghai: The National Review Office, →OCLC, →OL, page 155:

Springing northeast from Paektu, the cold Tumen River separates Korea from eastern Manchuria and Siberia. On the Yalu and along the swift-flowing tributaries of the Tumen stand the Japanese-built hydroelectric plants which, until the power lines were cut by the Communists at the 38th parallel, provided 90% of the electricity used in all Korea.

1950 July 24, “Background for War”, in Time, volume LVI, number 4, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 30:

A ride along the Chinese shore of the Tumen River illustrated its potential for development.

1997 [1996], Willem van Kemenade, translated by Diane Webb, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Inc., New York: Vintage Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 318:

The Tumen River serves as part of the border between China and North Korea, with the Chinese city of Tumen on the left and the North Korean town of Namyang on the right.

2010 June 9, Sharon LaFraniere, “Views Show How North Korea Policy Spread Misery”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-06-11, Asia Pacific:

A river forming part of the border between Jilin, China and North Korea, and the border between Rasŏn, North Korea and Khasansky district, Primorsky Krai, Russia.

When she was ten years old, he was arrested and never heard from again. After that, Grandmother Hwang was abandoned by her family, and ended up working as a farm laborer in Tumen, China—which was then part of the Japanese empire.

2015, Yeonmi Park, Maryanne Vollers, “Swallows and Magpies”, in In Order to Live: A North Korean Girl's Journey to Freedom (Non-fiction), Penguin Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 31:

Trade between China and North Korea has fallen dramatically because of sanctions, but the U.N. has not sanctioned essentials like food.
Towards the end of the day in Tumen, we watched these women cross into China from North Korea.
Tumen is in Yanbian, an official Korean autonomous region which people call “the third Korea” because around half the two million Chinese of Korean descent are registered there. There is a small missionary community in Yanbian - mainly South Koreans, Americans and Europeans. Some of them help North Korean defectors.

2018 April 12, Sue-Lin Wong, “PART 1 A POROUS BORDER The Cold Frontier”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2018-04-12:

A county-level city in Yanbian, Jilin, China