Huinan

The agency said the train plowed into the bus on an unattended crossing in Huinan county, Jilin Province, on Wednesday.

1989 January 19, “32 Are Killed and 41 Injured In Chinese Bus-Train Crash”, in The New York Times, sourced from Reuters, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-25, World:


Dongchang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 東昌／东昌 (Dōngchāng).

At the conference, a responsible comrade of the provincial Public Security Department spoke to relay the guidelines of the national antidrug work conference and three typical units—the Dongchang District of Tonghua city, Jian city, and Dunhua city—introduced their experiences in the antidrug work.

1991 November 29 [1991 September 25], Wang Chengyong (3769 2052 0516), “Resolutely and Effectively Crack Down on Criminal Activities Related to Drugs”, in Daily Report: China, number 230, sourced from Changchun JILIN RIBAO p 1, translation of original in Chinese, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 68, column 1:


Tiantai

A town in the county-level city of Chishui, prefecture-level city of Zunyi, Guizhou, China.

A town in the Yuanzhou District, prefecture-level city of Yichun, Jiangxi, China.

A town in the county-level city of Dehui, prefecture-level city of Changchun, Jilin, China.

A township in Xuanhan County, prefecture-level city of Dazhou, Sichuan, China.


Xinghua

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 興化／兴化 (Xīnghuà).

One of the most respected authors in China today, Bi Feiyu was born in Xinghua in the province of Jiangsu and grew up during the Cultural Revolution.

2012 June 21, “Contributors to Global Agenda June 2012”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-09-12, Opinion:

A county-level city in Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.


Haotang

Located in Pingqiao District of Xinyang, Henan Province, Haotang Village was ordinary and underdeveloped. In recent decades, many villagers had gone out to make a living because farming in the village could bring them only meager income.[…]In 2009, Li Changping, director of the Institute of China New Rural Planning and Design, who had long been devoted to the three major issues of the countryside, namely, agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and Sun Jun, the advocator and organizer of Beijing Green Cross, began their sustainable development and construction experiment in Haotang Village.

2017, Zhang Xiaode [张孝德], Ye Peihong [叶培红], “Haotang Village: Keep the Original Flavor Of the Village”, in Zhou Gang [周钢], transl., Dreams in Rural China [有根的中国梦], 1st edition, Beijing: New World Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 291:

Haotang village, under the jurisdiction of Pingqiao District, Xinyang City, Henan Province, China, has an area of approximately 20 square kilometres and a population of about 2300. Haotang lacks tourism resources and an industrial base for the development of secondary and tertiary activities and has in recent years slid into a rural recession.

2019, Yanheng Lu, Junxi Qian, “Towards a material approach in rural geography: Architectural experiments in China’s rural renaissance and reconstruction movements”, in Geoforum, volume 116, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

Located in the suburbs of southeastern Pingqiao District, Xinyang City, Henan Province, Haotang Village has an area of 20.7 km2 and jurisdiction over 18 village groups and 2,385 people. The green village construction community of Haotang Village is[…]

2021, Xiaoming Wang, Hong Hua, Green Village and Town Construction in China, Beijing: Science Press, →DOI, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 106:

A residential community of Wulidian, Pingqiao district, Xinyang, Henan, China, formerly a village.


Liupanshui

“In recent years earnings from farming were low, everyone let land go fallow,” said Tao Yongpan, an official at Mount Niangniang, a cluster of villages in the Liupanshui area of western Guizhou that served as an inspiration for policies promoted by Mr. Chen. “Soil erosion was serious and farmland was left idle. Rural production was on the slide.”

2017 September 12, Chris Buckley, “After Toiling in Rural China, a Protégé of Xi Jinping Joins Party’s Top Tiers”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-09-12, Asia Pacific:

A prefecture-level city in Guizhou, China.


Dongtou

He said more than 1.6 million tourists visited Dongtou county - which is an island - last year. Most visitors were from Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Shanghai, but the number from inland provinces had increased rapidly in recent years.

2009 April 20, “Yours for 15m yuan - a 30-year lease on an uninhabited island”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-07-24, Latest:

A district of Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China, formerly a county.


Yinhai

On 29 April 2011 the Yinhai District People's Court in Beihai, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, sentenced Xu Kun to four years in prison and a fine of 200,000 yuan (US$31,427) for "illegal business activity" for operating a parking lot.

2012, “Barriers to Accessing Effective Remedies”, in Standing Their Ground: Thousands Face Violent Eviction in China, Amnesty International, →OCLC, page 33:


Tieshangang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 鐵山港／铁山港.

The next day, the last Sunday of January, Senior Pastor Zhang Yezhong of Beihai Church in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, along with the David Choir members, attended the Sunday worship service at a village gathering site in Xingang^([sic – meaning Xinggang]) Town, Tieshangang District.

2024 February 1, John Zhang, “Churches Across China Care for Believers Before Chinese New Year”, in China Christian Daily, archived from the original on 2024-04-16:


Haicheng

In mid-March, just after the passing of the amended CPL and after nine months of detention, he was finally allowed to meet his family, as prosecutors agreed to change his detention location from a police facility to a residential one, which should have been his home, even under the current CPL guidelines. However, he was instead locked up in a flat in Beihai's Haicheng district - the location of the office of the prosecutor in charge of investigating his case.

2012 April 5, “Amendments to criminal law need greater detail”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-20:


Qinglong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 晴隆 (Qínglóng).


Pu'an

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 普安.


Wangmo

A county of Qianxinan prefecture, Guizhou, China.


Xingren

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 興仁／兴仁 (Xīngrén).

Xingren county, in Guizhou province, also started military training last September for officials who were believed to be unqualified or negligent.

2015 April 20, Mandy Zuo, “Chinese civil servants have to learn discipline on PLA boot camp”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-04-23, Society:

A county-level city in Qianxinan, Guizhou, China.


Xingyi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 興義／兴义 (Xīngyì).

Local officials in Xingyi, Guizhou, denied that Mr. Wang’s death was driven by despair over his financial situation and inability to educate his younger children. But there was widespread speculation that it was so, with Mr. Wang having spent the days before his death anxiously asking local officials about the fine, which he couldn’t afford to pay, according to Chinese media reports.

2014 June 16, Didi Kirsten Tatlow, “Father’s Day Plea to Educate China’s ‘Illegal’ Children”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-05-27, Sinosphere:


Zhenfeng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 貞豐／贞丰.

Fourteen people were killed in a coal mine accident in China's southwest Guizhou province, the official Xinhua news agency said on Sunday after a 10-day rescue operation.
A collapse at the Shunxun coal mine in Zhenfeng county trapped the 14 people on Feb. 25.

2022 March 6, Min Zhang, Muyu Xu, Ryan Woo, “Coal mine accident in China's Guizhou kills 14 -Xinhua”, in Christopher Cushing, editor, Reuters, sourced from Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2022-03-06, China:


Qianxinan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 黔西南 (Qiánxīnán).

The blast occurred in the Shazi district of Qianxinan city in Guizhou province, Xinhua said. No deaths have been reported.[…]
The fire was out as of 2:30 a.m. on Monday (7.30 p.m. BST on Sunday), the municipal government of Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture said on its official Weibo account.

2018 June 11, Dominique Patton, Meng Meng, “CNPC gas pipeline explosion injures 24 people in southwest China - government”, in Joseph Radford, Tom Hogue, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-11-28:

A Buyei and Miao autonomous prefecture in Guizhou, China.


Anlong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 安龍／安龙 (Ānlóng).

Amid the lush landscape of Guizhou in China a drone video shows a natural wonder: a series of mountains with a striking resemblance to the Egyptian pyramids.
The footage has captivated social media users worldwide, and its virality has sparked online debate.
Some speculate that the mountains in Anlong county conceal the tombs of ancient emperors while others believe they were crafted by the same extraterrestrial beings purported to have built the pyramids of Egypt.

2024 March 20, Zhang Tong, “Ancient mystery: netizens captivated by pyramid formations in southern China”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-03-20, Science:


Ceheng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 冊亨／册亨 (Cèhēng).

The Supreme People's Procuratorate also said yesterday it had launched separate investigations into four former law enforcers suspected of corruption, Xinhua reported.
The four suspects are Sun Hai, former deputy chief of the provincial prison administration in Hebei; Liu Xianming, former police chief of Ceheng county, Guizhou; Wu Jianming, a former judge in Nancheng county, Jiangxi; and Lin An, a former prosecutor stationed at a local prison in Inner Mongolia.

2014 August 27, Andrea Chen, “China issues new rule to stop wealthy from buying their way out of jail”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-08-30, China:


Kherlen

The Khustyn Bulag site group is located in the upper basin of the Kherlen River in Tuv Aimag in Mongolia. It is located on a wide flat terrace on the northeastern shore of the Zuun Baidlag River, a tributary of the Kherlen River, and consists of many sites from the Paleolithic Age to the nineteenth century.

2022, Isao Usuki, “Introduction and Deployment of the Ceramic Industry in the Xiongnu Empire”, in Tomoko Nagatomo, Maria Shinoto, Daisuke Nakamura, editors, Kilns in East and North Asia: The adoption of ceramic industries (Archaeology of East Asia), volume 7, Oxford: BAR Publishing, →DOI, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 128:

A river in China and Mongolia, periodical tributary of Argun.


Nancheng

Our family was originally from Nancheng county, Fuzhou district, Jiangxi province. Nancheng dates back to ancient times, to the days when Liu Bang ruled as the first Han dynasty emperor, and Nancheng belonged to Yuzhang district.

2018 [2013], Rao Pingru, translated by Nicky Harman, Our Story: A Memoir of Love and Life in China, Square Peg, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 26:


Rushan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 乳山 (Rǔshān).

An ongoing case in Rushan, Shandong province illustrates that no matter what potential benefit nuclear power might have in mitigating China’s energy demands (currently assumed but undemonstrated), the nuclear alternative makes no sense without public support. Construction has been held up due to citizen resistance.

2007 December 22, Yu Jie, “Answers from Yu Jie”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-01-22, China and the Environment:

A county-level city in Weihai, Shandong, China.


Huancui

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 環翠／环翠.

The food safety administration in Weihai’s Huancui district said it had sent samples of the cooking oil collected from the school for testing and was waiting for the results.

2018 November 10, Mandy Zuo, “Chinese school kitchen used filthy oil to cook children’s meals, parents say”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-11-10, People & Culture:


Wendeng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 文登 (Wéndēng).

Aung Myat Min’s brother, who requested anonymity because he is still working in Wendeng district, told RFA that most factories in Weihai are working alongside the police and are likely holding about 300 Myanmar migrants who are being used as unpaid laborers.

2021 November 17, Eugene Whong, “China detains at least 400 Myanmar migrants for more than a year”, in Khin Maung Nyane, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2021-11-17:


Rongcheng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 榮成／荣成 (Róngchéng).

China has launched a new high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear plant in the eastern coastal province of Shandong, the first to make use of 'pebble bed reactor' (PBR) technology developed by state-run China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC).
The first unit of the Shidaowan reactor project, built near the city of Rongcheng in collaboration with the energy group Huaneng and Beijing's Tsinghua University, has now been connected to the grid, CNNC said on Monday.

2021 December 20, David Stanway, “China puts pioneering 'pebble bed' nuclear reactor into operation”, in Kenneth Maxwell, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-12-20, Commodities:


Deqing

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 德清 (Déqīng).

Enforcement is spotty at best. Shen Yulin, the environmental protection director for Deqing County, where the Haijiu factory is located, said 65 inspectors were responsible for a region of nearly 400 square miles, with more than 2,000 factories.

2011 June 15, Sharon LaFraniere, “Lead Poisoning in China: The Hidden Scourge”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-10-03, Asia Pacific:


Emeishan

Pernod unveiled on Thursday plans for a 13-hectare malt whisky distillery site in Emeishan, Sichuan, which is due to begin production in 2021. The distillery will have a Chinese master distiller to produce a malt whisky catering to local tastes.

2019 August 29, Dominique Vidalon, “Pernod launches share buyback, new investments in U.S., China”, in Sudip Kar-Gupta, Deepa Babington, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-06-03, Business:

A county-level city in Leshan, Sichuan, China.


Huma

Workers in China’s northernmost province of Heilongjiang are using explosives to clear a river of ice jams in an effort to prevent flooding. Ice jams are river blockages caused by melting ice that can cause floods or raised water levels. Authorities in Huma county arranged for the ice detonation in a river on the border with Russia, as temperature rises have caused the river to thaw at a faster rate.

2022 March 31, Harvey Kong, “Chinese workers take explosive approach to clear ice jams”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-03-31, Society:

A county of Dahingganling prefecture, Heilongjiang, China.


Altishahr

Chinese scholars organise Altishahr's history by the dynasties, even during those dynasties when they had no control over it. They treat the region as a border area of the motherland, instead of a place with its own history and traditions. "This approach has doomed standard histories in the eyes of most [Uygurs]," Thum writes.
Altishahr did not become part of the Chinese empire until 1759, when the emperor, Qianlong, sent an enormous army to conquer the Dzungar Mongols who then controlled the region. The Dzungar were defeated, leaving the Qing empire in control of Altishahr.

2014 August 24, Mark O'Neill, “Ancient manuscripts tell of proud, independent people”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-02-21, Lifestyle:


Fujin

A county-level city in Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.


Xingtai

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 邢臺／邢台 (Xíngtái).

Little detailed information is available on the series of violent shocks which occurred in Hopeh province, north-eastern China, in March 1966. The earthquake of 7 March (No. 184), whose epicentre was located in the region of Hsing-t’ai, about 400 km south-west of Pekin, probably caused extensive damage since the magnitude was 7 and the focus shallow.[…]
The New China agency reported that numerous buildings and houses collapsed but that the number of casualties was less than on 8 March, when people had been caught in their sleep. The worst damage was done at Hsing-t’ai, Heng-shui and Shih-chia-chuang [1]; numerous aftershocks (Nos. 186-90) were felt in the same region up to 29 March.

[1970, “Earthquakes”, in Annual summary of information on natural disasters 1966, Belgium: Unesco, →OCLC, page 26:

A prefecture-level city in Hebei, China.


Fuyang

State media has praised a doctor in Fuyang, Anhui province, for alerting experts about the outbreak of the deadly hand, foot and mouth disease when her colleagues insisted the cases were just colds or flu.
The official People's Daily carried a tribute with the headline 'We salute you, Fuyang's Liu Xiaolin', comparing her to a doctor who helped lead the fight against the deadly Sars virus.

2008 May 10, Chloe Lai, “Doctor hailed as a hero for sounding alarm on outbreak”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-30, World:

A prefecture-level city in Anhui, China.


Cangzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 滄州／沧州 (Cāngzhōu).

Hebei Province, which surrounds Beijing, is China’s top steel-producing province. Steel plants play a big role in air and water pollution, but the city of Cangzhou’s answer to the problem is an anti-smoking campaign.
A Hebei official newspaper, Yanzhao Dushi Bao, reported in July that local officials in Cangzhou held a public meeting pledging their commitment to the anti-smoking cause. With smoke billowing from the chimneys of factories in the distance, officials promoted the slogan: “Curbing air pollution starts with me!”

2013 October 29, Yu Hua, “Jokes, Lies and Pollution in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-11-04, Opinion:


Woody Island

According to Japanese sources, Peking has maintained some sort of naval bases on Woody (Yung-hsing) Island and Lincoln (Tung) Island in the eastern Paracels since at least 1958. Several patrol vessels and supply ships were sighted there in mid-1971, along with shore-based radar installations; and the flotilla that clashed with the Vietnamese in 1974 numbered seven ships, including Komar-class gunboats equipped with Styx missiles.

1977, Selig S. Harrison, “Danger Zones in the South China Sea”, in China, Oil and Asia: Conflict Ahead?, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 192:

Initial plans call for ships to visit Woody Island, called Yongxing Island by China, though tourists would not be allowed to leave their boat.

2012 April 10, “China stakes claim to islands with "Princess Coconut" voyage”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-03-18, Business:

Recently, Professor Sam Bateman, a Senior Fellow in the Maritime Security Programme at the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, presented another line of argument. He pointed out that China's oil rig is 120 miles from Vietnam's coast, and 80 miles from China's Woody (Yongxing) Island which is unquestionably subject to the island regime under the current UNCLOS provisions, and consequently entitled to its own EEZ and continental shelf.

2014 May 20, Gabriel Domínguez, “Beijing 'prepared to defend rights' in South China Sea”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2019-10-25, Asia:

China has reportedly deployed anti-ship and surface-to-air missiles, along with electronic jammers and other equipment, on islands it built on disputed reefs in the Spratly Islands, some of which have runways.
It also landed a bomber aircraft on Woody Island in the Paracels group, sparking alarm among rival claimants and the United States. Washington has no territorial claims in the region but has declared that freedom of navigation and overflight in the waters is in U.S. national interest.

2018 July 2, “Recent developments surrounding the South China Sea”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2024-03-21:

In April, it created two new administrative districts to govern the islands it controls in the Paracel and Spratly chains. China’s Navy also said that it had succeeded it growing cabbage and other vegetables in the sand of Woody Island, helping to feed the growing number of troops stationed there.

2020 May 24, Steven Lee Myers, “Why China’s Move to Rein in Hong Kong is Just the Start”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-05-24, Asia Pacific:

An island of the Paracel Islands in the South China Sea administered under Sansha, Hainan, China (claimed by Taiwan (ROC) and Vietnam).


Yueqing

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 樂清／乐清 (Yuèqīng).

Officials in the city of Yueqing in Zhejiang Province, which supervises Mr. Qian’s home village, insist that the photographs show nothing more than an unfortunate traffic accident.

2010 December 28, Xiyun Yang, Edward Wong, “Suspicious Death Ignites Fury in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-12-29, Asia Pacific:

A county-level city in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.


Yongjia

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 永嘉 (Yǒngjiā).

Nearly five million people in Zhejiang Province have been affected by the storm, Typhoon Lekima, which made landfall early Saturday, according to the reports. Many of the deaths occurred in Yongjia County, near the city of Wenzhou, when the collapse of a natural dam set off a flash flood that swept away several people in the fast-moving waters, said CCTV, the state-run broadcaster.

2019 August 11, Amy Qin, “Death Toll From Typhoon Lekima in China Rises to 30”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-08-11, Asia Pacific:


Rui'an

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 瑞安 (Ruì'ān).

Mr. Li, 63, spent his entire career until last autumn working his way up through a series of municipal and provincial administrations on China’s prosperous eastern seaboard, along the way cultivating his relationship with Mr. Xi.
He began his career in an irrigation station, then a tool factory in Rui’an, a county on the outskirts of Wenzhou, one of the most entrepreneurial cities in China. He worked his way up to the post of Communist Party leader of Wenzhou, a position he held for three years until 2004.

2023 March 13, Keith Bradsher, Chang Che, Chris Buckley, Amy Chang Chien, John Liu, Li You, “China’s New Premier Needs to Revive Growth. How Far Will Loyalty Get Him?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-13, Xi's Third Term:


Cangnan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 蒼南／苍南 (Cāngnán).

It said 81 people were killed in the southeastern city of Wenzhou, including at least 43 people in suburban Cangnan county. Another 11 people were missing in Wenzhou, the agency said.
Bodies of the dead in Cangnan, which included eight children, were discovered amid the debris of collapsed houses, Xinhua said.

2006 August 11, “Typhoon Saomai kills more than 100 in China - Asia - Pacific - International Herald Tribune”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-10-29, Asia Pacific:


Wencheng

The landslides Wednesday in Zhejiang province, south of the financial hub of Shanghai, followed Typhoon Megi, which brought heavy rains and high winds to China and Taiwan this past week.[…]
The second landslide in Wencheng county killed five people, with one person still missing, an official at the county’s flood control office said Saturday.

2016 September 30, “13 dead, 20 still missing in China after typhoon landslides”, in AP News, sourced from Beijing (AP), archived from the original on 2024-09-25:


Taishun

The accident occurred in Taishun county in coastal Zhejiang province when the bus collided with a truck and fell more than 10 metres (more than 30 feet) into the Pengxi reservoir and sank, Xinhua said.

2007 August 10, “Dozen feared dead as China bus falls in reservoir”, in Reuters, sourced from Xinhua news agency, archived from the original on 2024-10-09:


Maizhokunggar

From Tibetan མལ་གྲོ་གུང་དཀར (mal gro gung dkar).

bor

མལ་གྲོ་གུང་དཀར


Dagzê

Jiang Zaiping, the vice chief of the Public Security Bureau in Lhasa, said investigators have arrested the suspects responsible for arson attacks on three shops - including the clothing outlet where five young women were burned to death - and one in nearby Dagze county, the Tibet Daily newspaper reported Monday.

[2008 March 31, Jim Yardley, “Olympic torch begins uncertain journey from Beijing”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-06-19, Asia Pacific:


Qüxü

At the end of 2005, the UN’s then Special Rapporteur on Torture, Dr Manfred Nowak, became the first official international observer to visit Chushur Prison south-west of Lhasa following its opening in April, 2005. The prison, on the site of a detention facility that had been there since the 1960s, is in an area south-west of Lhasa in Chushur county, near Nyethang (Chinese: Niedang), off the road leading south from Lhasa towards Shigatse. While once a rural area, it is now much more built-up, like the rest of Lhasa. Dr Nowak noted that in this prison as well as others he visited in Lhasa there was: “a palpable level of fear and censorship”.

[2018 October 3, “CHINA’S CONTROL STATE IN LHASA”, in International Campaign for Tibet, archived from the original on 2018-10-18:


Damxung

The weather is subject to abrupt, unpredictable changes, and it is not uncommon to encounter a snowstorm on the pass between Damxung and Lake Namtso even in midsummer. Bring food and soft drinks from Lhasa. Beer is available in Damxung.
The road from Lhasa to Damxung follows Tibet's main route to Golmud and Qinghai for 167 kilometres (104 miles).

1997, Elizabeth B. Booz, “Lhasa”, in Odyssey Illustrated Guide to Tibet, 2nd edition, Hong Kong: Local Colour Ltd, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 128:


Doilungdêqên

From Tibetan སྟོད་ལུང་བདེ་ཆེན (stod lung bde chen).

སྟོད་ལུང་བདེ་ཆེན

(ii) Dolungdeqen-Lhunzhub Subregion[…]
The northern belt runs from the southeast of Nam Co—Degen, east through Doilungdeqen County, passing south of Nam Co to Sangba; the middle and southern belts lie north and south of the Cretaceous red bed basin north of Lhasa.

[1988, Yin Jixiang, Xu Juntao, Liu Chengjie, Li Huan, “The Tibetan plateau: regional stratigraphic context and previous work”, in The Geological Evolution of Tibet: Report of the 1985 Royal Society-Academia Sinica Geotraverse of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, London: The Royal Society, sourced from Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series A, volume 327 (no. 1594), pages 1–413, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 36:


Chengguan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 城關／城关 (Chéngguān).

People rest in the shade beneath a government propaganda banner in Chinese and Tibetan near a neighborhood Tibetan Buddhist shrine in the Chengguan district of Lhasa in western China's Tibet Autonomous Region, as seen during a rare government-led tour of the region for foreign journalists, Thursday June 3, 2021.

2024 May 21, “Report says China is accelerating the forced urbanization of rural Tibetans”, in AP News, sourced from TAIPEI, Taiwan, archived from the original on 2024-05-23, World News:


Jingzhao

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 京兆 (Jīngzhào).

(historical) Former name of Xi'an, The capital of Shaanxi Province, China, under the Yuan Dynasty.


Yuchingkou

From Mandarin 餘慶溝／余庆沟, Wade–Giles romanization: Yü²-chʻing⁴-kou¹.

They shall also be responsible for the supervision of the operations in the semi-official yard at Yuchingkou so that effective reforms may be instituted.

1915 September, “Gold Mining in Heilungkiang”, in The Far Eastern Review, volume XII, number 4, →OCLC, page 159, columns 2–3:

Then, down this stream, some thirty miles southwest of the Huma District, is another gold field which caused a tremendous stir at one time. No less than 15,000 miners were reported to have rushed into this field of Yuchingkou, but of late, like so many other gold fields in North Manchuria, it has lost much of its drawing power.

1925, Adachi Kinnosuke, “Mining and Mineral Wealth”, in Manchuria: A Survey, New York: Robert M. McBride & Company, →OCLC, page 203:


Triton Island

THIS was a case of salvage by the master, owners, and crew of the Blakely, against the proceeds of goods and stores saved out of the Martha, a wreck on Triton Island, in lat 15° 47' N., long, 111° 11' E..[…]
The Martha, on a voyage from Liverpool to Canton, with a very valuable cargo, was wrecked in the China Sea, about 500 miles S.S.W. of Macao, on the reef of Triton Island, only a few feet above the level of the sea—surrounded perpendicularly by coral rocks,[…]

1840, Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the High Court of Admiralty, volume III, pages 434-435:

TRITON ISLAND, or BANK, in lat. 15° 46ʹ N., lon. 111° 11ʹ E., by chronometers, extends in a N.W. and S.E. direction about 3 or 4 miles, according to a plan of it sent to me by Captain Brown, of the Triton ; the north part is a sandy lump, about 20 feet high, sloping down in a low point to the S. Eastward, with high breakers projecting a great way in that direction ; another reef projects from its N.W. end, and, like the preceding dangers, there are no soundings near it.
This is thought to be the southernmost and westernmost danger of the Paracels ; it bears from Pulo Canton, which is the nearest land of Cochin-China, E. by N., distant 122 miles.

1843, James Horsburgh, “The Paracels, with the Banks and Dangers in the Northern part of the China Sea”, in The India Directory, or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, and the Interjacent Ports of Africa and South America: comp. Chiefly from Original Journals of the Honourable Company's Ships, and from Observations and Remarks, Resulting from the Experience of Twenty-one Years in the Navigation of those Seas, volume II, London: Wm. H. Allen and Co., →OCLC, page 359:

On the 16th inst., they arrived at the Paracels, where they found the Phra Nang in the same position as before—aground on a coral reef on Triton Island, the south-western unit of the group.

1902 November 25, “The Return of the 'Phra Nang.'”, in China Mail, number 12,380, →OCLC, page 5, column 4:

Ly Son fishermen confirm they get very close, sometimes working within 10 nautical miles of the islands and reefs inside what China claims as territorial waters.
They seek shellfish and edible seaweeds in shallow water as well as fish such as tuna, mackerel and jacks further out, sometimes on trips that can take 35 days.
Significantly, they confirm not only fishing near Triton Island - the nearest to Vietnam - but also Bombay reef and Lincoln Island further east and up to North Reef, a route that passes the Chinese naval base on Woody Island.

2011 May 30, Greg Torode, “Disputed islands are prized catch”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-04-16:

The United States vessel, the missile destroyer Curtis Wilbur, entered the waters off Triton Island in the Paracel Islands chain on Saturday without giving China notice in an exercise intended to challenge “excessive maritime claims” by China and two other countries, said Mark Wright, a Pentagon spokesman. Vietnam and Taiwan also claim Triton Island, though the Navy operation appeared to be aimed at China.[…]
Triton Island, known by the Chinese as Zhongjian Island, is close to the area in the South China Sea where the China National Offshore Oil Corporation, a major energy company, moved an oil rig in 2014, resulting in a standoff between vessels of Vietnam and China, and a sharp deterioration in relations between the countries.

2016 January 30, Jane Perlez, “U.S. Challenges China’s Claim of Islands With Maritime Operation”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-01-30, Asia Pacific:

The USS Stethem, an American guided-missile destroyer, sailed within 12 nautical miles of Triton Island, a small landmass in the Paracel Islands chain, on Sunday, a U.S. defense official said, marking the second such operation since President Trump took office.[…]
Triton Island is claimed by China, Vietnam and Taiwan.[…]
Many of these nations have laid claim to islands in the South China Sea, some of which are no more than tiny strips of sand and reef. The last time the U.S. Navy sailed near Triton Island was in January 2016, when the USS Curtis Wilbur came within 12 miles of its shores. The Pentagon did not notify any of the island’s claimants before that operation.

2017 July 3, Thomas Gibbons-Neff, Simon Denyer, “China accuses U.S. of ‘serious provocation’ as warship sails near disputed island”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-07-03, World:

In the Paracel Islands, a new helipad, wind turbines and large radar towers have been built. The radar towers on Triton Island could be used in China's disputes with Vietnam and with the US over freedom of navigation operations, which the US Navy has used to back its perceived right to free passage in international waters.

2018 May 19, “China lands nuclear strike-capable bombers on disputed South China Sea island”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2018-05-20, News:

China appears to be constructing an airstrip on a disputed South China Sea island that is also claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan, according to satellite photos analyzed by The Associated Press.
The work on Triton island in the Paracel group mirrors construction on seven human-made islands in the Spratly group to the east which have been equipped with airstrips, docks and military systems, although it currently appears to be somewhat more modest in scale.

2023 August 16, Jon Gambrell, “China appears to be building an airstrip on a disputed South China Sea island”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2023-08-16, World News:


Lincoln Island

LINCOLN ISLAND, in lat. 16° 40ʹ N., lon. 112° 42ʹ E., is about 3 miles in circuit, surrounded by a reef to the distance of a mile ; it is low, covered with small brush-wood, and has a spring of excellent water near three coco-nut trees in its centre. There are 20 fathoms close to the rocks at the south and west sides, and the soundings appear to extend about 2 miles off, but the water is deep on the east side. This is the easternmost island of the Paracels.
PYRAMID ROCK, in lat. 16° 36ʹ N., lon. 112° 37ʹ E., about 6 miles to the S.W. of Lincoln Island, has no soundings close to; but the pilot said that soundings were continued in a narrow line, from the south part of Lincoln Island to the shoal seen by the ship Bombay Merchant in 1800.

1843, James Horsburgh, “The Paracels, with the Banks and Dangers in the Northern part of the China Sea”, in The India Directory, or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, and the Interjacent Ports of Africa and South America: comp. Chiefly from Original Journals of the Honourable Company's Ships, and from Observations and Remarks, Resulting from the Experience of Twenty-one Years in the Navigation of those Seas, volume II, London: Wm. H. Allen and Co., →OCLC, page 358:

LINCOLN ISLAND, the S.E. point of which is in lat. 16° 39ʹ 34" N., long. 112° 44ʹ 23" E., is 1¼ mile long, N.W. and S.E., three-quarters of a mile wide, and about 20 ft. high ; it is covered with brushwood, and surrounded by a coral reef, dry at low water, which extends 1¼ mile from its S.E. point, half a mile from its North and East sides, and about a cable's length from its S.W. side. A narrow coral shoal runs off to the southward from its S.E. point, which is said by Horsburgh to extend 11 miles ; time did not admit of its being properly examined by the Rifleman, but judging from the soundings that were obtained, the dangerous part of this shoal does not appear to extend farther than 3 miles from the island. Grood anchorage can be obtained in the N.E. monsoon under its lee in 8 to 10 fathoms, coral, about half a mile from the shore. The spring of excellent water in the centre of this island, mentioned by Horsburgh, is merely a well dug by the Hainan fishermen close to a stunted cocoa-nut tree, into which the salt water filters.
PYRAMID ROCK bears S.W. ¼ W., distant 7½ miles, from the S.E. point of Lincoln Island, and 10½ miles N.W. by W. from the South end of the bank extending southwards from that island. Between Lincoln Island and the Pyramid there are depths of 27 to 31 fathoms.
H.M.S. Dido, in 1844, observed a shoal about 10 miles to the eastward of Lincoln Island. It is shown on the chart as a doubtful danger in lat. 16° 45ʹ N., long. 112° 54ʹ E.

1878, Alexander George Findlay, A Directory for the Navigation of the Indian Archipelago, China, and Japan, 2nd edition, Richard Holmes Laurie, page 643:

The Captain was extremely anxious, as the Typhoon struck him when his ship was between the Paracels and Macclesfield Bank. After the weather cleared he found himself in soundings about 20 miles South of Lincoln Island.

1912 October 16, “THE LAST TYPHOON.”, in The China Mail, number 15,485, →OCLC, page 5, column 3:

LINCOLN ISLAND
LATITUDE 16° 40ʹ N., LONGITUDE 112° 44ʹ E.
The eastern island of the Paracel group, about 2 kilometers long, with a maximum elevation of about 5 meters. It is covered with bushes and has a well in its center. Lincoln Island, according to Aso, has an area of 1,720,000 m², of which 756,000 m² are covered by phosphate.

1950, George Evelyn Hutchinson, “Guano Islands in the South China Sea, in the Seas of the East Indian Archipelago, and in the Adjacent Parts of the Indian Ocean”, in Survey of Existing Knowledge of Biogeochemistry. 3, The Biogeochemistry of Vertebrate Excretion (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History), volume 96, →OCLC, page 280, column 1:

According to Japanese sources, Peking has maintained some sort of naval bases on Woody (Yung-hsing) Island and Lincoln (Tung) Island in the eastern Paracels since at least 1958. Several patrol vessels and supply ships were sighted there in mid-1971, along with shore-based radar installations; and the flotilla that clashed with the Vietnamese in 1974 numbered seven ships, including Komar-class gunboats equipped with Styx missiles.

1977, Selig S. Harrison, “Danger Zones in the South China Sea”, in China, Oil and Asia: Conflict Ahead?, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 192:

However, with the potential for oil and the presence of fish in the vicinity, jurisdiction over these resources under an EEZ or Continental Shelf claim would be valuable. Macclesfield Bank would fall within such a claim radiating from Lincoln Island in the Paracel Group.

1985, Daniel J. Dzurek, “Boundary and Resource Disputes in the South China Sea”, in Ocean Yearbook 5, University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 272:

1. The U.S. side has made a full investigation of the incidents that the Chinese side brought to its attention on March 24, 1972.²
The U.S. side has verified that the ship and aircraft in question on the dates cited went within twelve nautical miles of the Paracel Islands but at no time moved closer to the Islands than three nautical miles. The ship and aircraft were conducting surveillance on an infiltration trawler engaged in carrying contraband in the vicinity of Lincoln (Tung) Island in the Paracels.
In the interest of U.S.-Chinese relations the U.S. side has issued instructions that henceforth a distance of at least twelve nautical miles should be maintained from the Paracel Islands. This is without prejudice to the U.S. positions either on the territorial sea question or the various claims to the Paracel Islands.

2006 [1972 April 3], “Message From the Government of the United States to the Government of the People's Republic of China”, in Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969-1972, volume XVII, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 873:

The Chinese research team first found evidence of a destructive historical wave on Lincoln Island (Hewu Island, 和五島) located in the middle of the South China Sea, in 2013.
They discovered rocks and corals that had been moved 200m from the shoreline and concluded only a major force of water could have been responsible.

2019 January 5, “Huge tsunami struck China in 1076”, in Taipei Times, sourced from AFP, HONG KONG, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-01-04, World News, page 5:

Tuoi Tre (Youth) newspaper reported that Wednesday’s incident happened near Lincoln Island, a rock in the Paracels that is occupied by China but claimed by both China and Vietnam.[…]
Lincoln Island is roughly 25 nautical miles southeast of Woody Island, China’s largest military base in the Paracels and one of China’s main administrative centers in the South China Sea.

2020 June 12, Drake Long, “China Rams Vietnamese Fishing Vessel Near Paracel Islands”, in Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2020-06-13:

Ma, who did not give his full name, said he filmed Liaoning's operational drills on the morning and afternoon of April 16 before his trawler left the Paracel Islands ahead of a planned live-fire exercise the next day.
"All the fishing vessels in the area left on the evening of April 16," he said, adding that he lost signal on his phone after the Chinese military shut down the cell towers on Lincoln Island, which he referenced with the Chinese name "Dong Dao."

2021 April 21, John Feng, “U.S. Navy Warship Shadows China Aircraft Carrier in Video”, in Newsweek, archived from the original on 2021-04-21:


Minqin

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 民勤 (Mínqín).

A county of Wuwei, Gansu, in northwestern China.


Liangzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 涼州／凉州 (Liángzhōu).

A district of Wuwei, Gansu, in northwestern China.


Bairi

For transcriptome, immunohistochemistry and staining, we selected six healthy white yaks that were ~18 months old from the Bairi Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu, China.

2023 September 19, Xinfeng Liu, Wenyu Liu, Johannes A. Lenstra, Zeyu Zheng, Xiaoyun Wu, Jiao Yang, Bowen Li, Yongzhi Yang, Qiang Qiu, Hongyu Liu, Kexin Li, Chunnian Liang, Xian Guo, Xiaoming Ma, Richard J. Abbott, Minghui Kang, Ping Yan, Jianquan Liu, “Evolutionary origin of genomic structural variations in domestic yaks”, in Nature Communications, volume 14, number 5617 (2023), →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-02-14:

A Tibetan autonomous county in Wuwei, Gansu, in northwestern China.


Gulang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 古浪 (Gǔlàng).

Wu Dengfan, a 40-year-old farmer from Gulang county in Gansu who worked at a gold mine close to the Mongolian border from 1996 to 2006, had a similar experience.
“We even preferred not to wear masks inside the mine, because it made breathing even more difficult,” said Wu, who has stage II pneumoconiosis. “When we finished our work and came out of the mine, each of us was completely covered in dust.”

2018 January 13, Alice Yan, “These migrant workers helped China prosper. Now they’re dying and not getting the help they need”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-01-13, People & Culture:


Shangsi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 上思 (Shàngsī).

The Yongping garrison was located between Siming prefecture and Môn Châu, or modern-day Na Cham. The Qianlong garrison was located at modern-day Shangsi county in southern Guangxi.

2007, James Anderson, “Notes”, in The Rebel Den of Nùng Trí Cao: Loyalty and Identity Along the Sino-Vietnamese Frontier, University of Washington Press; NUS Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 213:

A county of Fangchenggang, Guangxi, China.


Dongxing

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 東興／东兴 (Dōngxīng).

China accused Vietnam today of more armed border provocations in the last 10 days of July. The New China News Agency said child was killed July 28 by Vietnamese gunfire at the border town of Dongxing.

1979 August 5 [1979 August 4], “China Charges Vietnam Gunfire”, in The New York Times, sourced from PEKING (Reuters), →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-06-04, page 12:

A county-level city in Fangchenggang, Guangxi, China.


Gangkou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 港口 (Gǎngkǒu).

A district of Fangchenggang, Guangxi, China.


Jiuduansha

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 九段沙 (Jiǔduànshā).

A shoal and group of islands in the Yangtze River in Pudong district, Shanghai, China.


Tree Island

The Paracel Islands stretch 105-nm from northeastern Tree Island to southwestern Triton Island and 100-nm from northwestern North Reef to southeastern Herald Bank.

2014 June, Clarence J. Bouchat, “Introduction”, in The Paracel Islands and U.S. Interests and Approaches in the South China Sea, Carlisle, PA: United States Army War College Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 3:

The pictures, provided by private satellite firm Planet Labs, follow reports in January showing work undertaken on nearby Tree Island (Jhaoshu Island, 趙述島) and other features in the Paracels, which are also claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam.

2017 March 16, “China begins new construction work in Paracel Islands”, in Taipei Times, sourced from Reuters, HONG KONG, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-03-15, Front Page, page 1:

Smaller-scale work had continued in the Paracel Islands, including a new helipad and wind turbines on Tree Island and two large radar towers on Triton Island.

2017 December 15, David Brunnstrom, Sue-Lin Wong, “While focus is on North Korea, China continues South China Sea buildup: think tank”, in James Dalgleish, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-05-02, World:

Zhaoshu Island (ZSI) is one of the main coral reef islands of the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea. Its geographical coordinates are 16°59′N, 112°16′E, and an area of about 0.22 km2. It is formed by the accumulation of white coral skeletal and shell sands on a reef platform, and is about 4.4 m above sea level. There are lots of hard disk phosphorous lime soil on the island, and the vegetation is mostly Scaevola sericea.

2021, Ming Chen, Fenzhen Su, Fei Cheng, Yu Zhang, Xuege Wang, “Development of a comprehensive assessment model for coral reef island carrying capacity(CORE-CC)”, in Scientific Reports, volume 11, number 3917, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-11-18:


Huanggu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 皇姑 (Huánggū).

Consider the story of one lowly tax bureau in the district of Huanggu, one of the ten districts in Shenyang, the capital city of Liaoning Province in northeast China. In 1995, the Huanggu GS branch bureau had jurisdiction over a taxpayer population that included close to 8,000 private firms.

2022, Wei Cui, The Administrative Foundations of the Chinese Fiscal State, Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 40:

A district of Shenyang, Liaoning, China.


Tianjun

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 天峻 (Tiānjùn).

Most Chinese lawyers have low expectations about the independence of Chinese courts, but many were still shocked to see a judge in northwest China receive real-time instructions from his supervisors in the middle of a trial earlier this month.
The incident took place on May 11 at the Tianjun county court in Haixi Mongol and Tibetan autonomous prefecture in the northwestern province of Qinghai.

2024 May 19, Phoebe Zhang, “Chinese lawyers accuse court officials of interfering in trial, slam ‘blatant sabotage’ of legal system”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-19, Politics:

A county of Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China.


Da Qaidam

The USGS said the epicentre of the quake was 161 km (101 miles)) north-northeast of Golmud at a depth of 9.9 km (6.2 km). Golmud is an industrial city that is dependent upon potassium mining.
Xinhua said some mud houses in Da Qaidam, near the epicentre, had cracks in their walls and a few huts had collapsed. Schools have also been closed.

2008 November 10, Liu Zhen, Ben Blanchard, Lucy Hornby, “Strong quake hits China's Qinghai region”, in Ken Wills, Sanjeev Miglani, editors, Reuters, sourced from BEIJING, archived from the original on 2024-06-15, World:

An administrative zone in Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai, China.


Dulan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 都蘭／都兰 (Dūlán).

But critics argue that moving these farmers, who are mainly Han Chinese and members of the minority Hui, Tu and Salar ethnic groups, will further erode the position of the Tibetan inhabitants of Dulan County in Haixi Prefecture, where the farmers are to be resettled and which is a designated Tibetan and Mongolian Autonomous Area. Tibetans are already in a minority there.

1999 May 30, Paul Lewis, “U.S. May Try To Stop Loan Seen as Bad For Tibetans”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-27, World:


Gaoyang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 高陽／高阳 (Gāoyáng).


Louxing

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 婁星／娄星.


Lengshuijiang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 冷水江 (Lěngshuǐjiāng).

A county-level city in Loudi, Hunan, China.


Lianyuan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 漣源／涟源 (Liányuán).


Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County

Totaling 33,000, the Tajik nationality is mostly concentrated in the Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County, east of the Pamirs in southwestern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The rest are scattered in a few counties south of the Tianshan Mountains within the same autonomous region.

1993, “TAJIK NATIONALITY”, in 曾庆南 [Zeng Qingnan], 张纬雯 [Zhang Weiwen], editors, 中国少数民族风情录 [In Search of China's Minorities], Beijing: New World Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 108:

A Tajik autonomous county in Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Yuhuan

On Tuesday, state-run media reported that a 57-year-old man in Yuhuan County, Zhejiang Province, staggered and collapsed on Sunday afternoon near the turn of a small lane.[…]
The head of his village in Yuhuan County told The Beijing News that Mr. Chen was a heavy drinker, and when drunk had often quarreled with other villagers and fallen down.

2015 February 4, Jess Macy Yu, “A Man’s Death Strikes a Nerve in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-08-18, Sinosphere:

A county-level city in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.


Jiaojiang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 椒江.


Dachen

The drills are near the Dachen islands, which Taiwan controlled until 1955 until being evacuated after other nearby islands were seized by Chinese forces in a bloody battle.
Taiwan still controls the Matsu and Kinmen islands, off the coast of China's Fujian province, held since the defeated Republic of China government fled to Taipei after losing a civil war with Mao Zedong's communists

2023 June 13, Ryan Woo, Albee Zhang, Ben Blanchard, “China holds live-fire drills in East China Sea north of Taiwan”, in Robert Birsel, editor, Reuters, sourced from BEIJING (Reuters), archived from the original on 2023-06-13, Asia Pacific:

A group of islands in Jiaojiang district, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.


Old Barag

A banner in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, China.


New Barag

A left banner in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, China.


Ergun

A county-level city in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, China.


Jiagedaqi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 加格達奇／加格达奇 (Jiāgédáqí).

An administrative zone in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, China.


Jalainur

Ultimately from Mongolian Далай нуур (Dalaj nuur, “the Hulun Lake”), from далай (dalaj) and нуур (nuur, “lake”).

der

A district of Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, China.


Zalantun

Few Ewenki in this part of China have ever heard the Gospel, although a different subgroup of the Ewenki, living near Hailar much further northwest of Zalantun, is reported to contain more than 100 Ewenki Orthodox Christians.

2001 February, Paul Hattaway, China's Unreached Cities, volume 1, Chiang Mai, Thailand: Darawan Printing, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 108, column 2:


Songling

The Daheishan porphyry Mo deposit is located in the Songling District, Heilongjiang Province. The deposit yields proven resources of 0.06 Mt Mo accompanied with thousands of tons of Cu and Pb–Zn.

2014 April [2014 March 27], Xinlu Hu, Shuzhen Yao, Mouchun He, Zhenju Ding, Yubao Cui, Jun Shen, Bin Chen, Bopeng Zhu, “Geochemistry, U–Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotope Studies of the Daheishan Porphyry Mo Deposit in Heilongjiang Province, NE China”, in Resource Geology, volume 64, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 104, column 2:


Yakeshi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 牙克石 (Yákèshí).

Temperatures in Yakeshi in Inner Mongolia (內蒙古) dropped to minus 28 degrees Celsius yesterday, while Harbin (哈爾濱) in Heilongjiang (黑龍江) province experienced minus 19 degrees.

2016 January 21, Alice Yan, Lai Ying Kit, Mimi Lau, “Incredible scenes as mainland shoppers strip supermarket shelves ahead of big chill”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-01-22, China:


Morin Dawa

A Daur autonomous banner in Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, China.


Huanren

A Manchu autonomous county in Benxi, Liaoning, China.


Xihu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 溪湖 (Xīhú).

For the small factories, the cleanup of Benxi caused economic hardship including closure or production restrictions. The Xihu District EPB director, Mrs. Gao, talked about their predicament:[…]

2006, Liu Yu, Pan Wei, Shen Mingming, Song Guojun, Vivian Bertrand, Mary Child, Judith Shapiro, “The Politics and Ethics of Going Green in China: Air Pollution Control in Benxi City and Wetland Preservation in the Sanjiang Plain”, in Joanne Bauer, editor, Forging Environmentalism: Justice, Livelihood, and Contested Environments, M.E. Sharpe, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 51:


Menghai

A county of Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China.


Haizhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 海州 (Hǎizhōu).

In December 1973, another Han tomb with a wooden vault was excavated at Nanmen 南门 Brigade, Wangtuan 王疃 Village, Haizhou District. Wangtuan Village is about 2.5 km southeast of Haizhou and the Han tomb is situated on the east slope of the Jiaoshan 礁山 Hill.

1985, Nan Po [南波], “Shiqi Yao's Tomb of the Western Han Dynasty at Haizhou, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province [江苏连云港市海州西汉侍其繇墓]”, in Albert E. Dien, Jeffrey K. Riegel, Nancy T. Price, editors, Chinese Archaeological Abstracts. 3, Eastern Zhou to Han, volume 10, Los Angeles, sourced from Kaogu 1975.3: 169-177, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 1150, column 1:

江苏连云港市海州西汉侍其繇墓

On November 6, 1948, 300,000 Communist troops of the East China Field Army attacked the Nationalist Seventh Army near Haizhou District, Lianyungang, and the long-awaited Huai-Hai Campaign began.

2012, Kevin Tian Yang, “Huai-Hai Campaign”, in Xiaobing Li, editor, China at War, ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 173, column 2:

Only one other preserved “wet” corpse of more than 2,000 years is known. It is from a Former Han tomb found by accident while digging a road in 2002 at Shuanglong village 雙龍村, Haizhou district 海州区, Lianyungang 連雲港, Jiangsu province.

2012, Endymion Wilkinson, “Qin-Han [秦漢]”, in Chinese History: A New Manual, 3rd revised edition, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 724, column 2:

A district of Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China.


Mudan

A river in Heilongjiang, China, tributary of Songhua (Sungari).


Dongfeng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 東豐／东丰.


Dongliao

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 東遼／东辽.


Jiangzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for Mandarin 江州.


Daxin

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for Mandarin 大新 (Dàxīn).


Tiandeng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for Mandarin 天等 (Tiānděng).

A case in point is a group of teachers in Guangxi's Tiandeng County, apparently still dominated by leftists. By July 1984 the social and political climate was so inhospitable that 15 teachers were forced to leave the area, even though they did not have proper documentation to do so, and more were planning to do the same.

1985, “Chinese Observance of Internationally Recognized Human Rights”, in Human Rights Developments in the People's Republic of China from October 1983 through September 1984 (China Rights Annals), number 1, East Gate Books, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 49:


Xuanwei

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for Mandarin 宣威 (Xuānwēi).

Nonsmoking women in an area of China’s Yunnan province die of lung cancer at a rate 20 times that of their counterparts in other regions of the country — and higher than anywhere else in the world.[…]
Like others in rural China, the families of Xuanwei County use coal for heat and for cooking. As the coal burns, particles of silica are released with the vapor and inhaled. Women, who do the cooking, face the greatest exposure.

2010 January 11, Sindya N. Bhanoo, “Coal Is Linked to Cancer in China Province”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-01-14, Health:

A county-level city in Qujing, Yunnan, China.


Dachang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for Mandarin 大廠／大厂 (Dàchǎng).

A Hui autonomous county in Langfang, Hebei, China.


Anci

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for Mandarin 安次 (Āncì).


Guangyang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for Mandarin 廣陽／广阳 (Guǎngyáng).


Yongqing

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for Mandarin 永清 (Yǒngqīng).


Gu'an

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for Mandarin 固安 (Gù'ān).


Dacheng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for Mandarin 大城.


Bazhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for Mandarin 霸州 (Bàzhōu).

A county-level city in Langfang, Hebei, China.


Wen'an

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for Mandarin 文安 (Wén'ān).

For years, Mao Da, an environmental researcher, has studied the plastic industry in Wen’an County, near Beijing. Workers there used to sort through food and medical waste by hand, he said. Nonrecyclable material was buried in pits near farmland.
“It was an environmental and public health catastrophe,” Mr. Mao said.

2019 May 28, Raymond Zhong, Carolyn Zhang, “Food Delivery Apps Are Drowning China in Plastic”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-05-28, Technology:


Xianghe

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for Mandarin 香河 (Xiānghé).

Xianghe County to which the “new city” belongs, is in Hebei province, about 45 kilometers (30 miles) east of Beijing. Like almost every other local government in China, Xianghe’s has an urbanization target: 60% by 2017, up from around 50% today and ahead of the national target of 60% by 2020.

2016 [2014 April 19], “Urban and Rural”, in David Shambaugh, editor, The China Reader: Rising Power, 6th edition, Oxford University Press, sourced from The Economist, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 216, column 2:


Dokha

A documentary aired by the state broadcaster, CCTV, showed how a Chinese official went to Dokha, a village in Tibet, to persuade residents to move to a new village called Duolonggang, 10 miles from Arunachal Pradesh. / He encountered some resistance. Tenzin, a lay Buddhist practitioner, insisted that Dokha’s land was fertile, producing oranges and other fruit. “We can feed ourselves without government subsidies,” he said. / The official criticized Tenzin for “using his age and religious status to obstruct relocation,” according to a state media article cited by Human Rights Watch in a report. / In the end, all 143 residents of Dokha moved to the new settlement.

2024 August 8, Muyi Xiao, Agnes Chang, “China’s Great Wall of Villages”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-08-11:

A former village in Ganden, Mêdog, Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.


Daguan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for Mandarin 大關／大关 (dàguān).


Yushui

According to China’s electoral law, only the ‘official representative candidates’ are legal candidates for the county and village elections, being nominated and recommended by the political parties, civil organizations and the electorate. Thus, ‘independent’ candidates are considered illegal. For instance, a female xiagang worker in Jiangxi Province, Liu Ping, was placed under tight police surveillance after she declared her intention to stand in Xinyu City’s Yushui District elections.

2013, Emile Kok-Kheng Yeoh, “Evolving Agencies amid Rapid Social Change: Political Leadership and State-Civil Society Relations in China”, in James Rajasekar, Loo-See Beh, editors, Culture and Gender in Leadership: Perspectives from the Middle East and Asia, Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 91:


Xinyu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 新余 (Xīnyú).

A fire in a commercial building in southeastern China killed at least 39 people on Wednesday, as emergency workers raced to rescue people still trapped inside.
The fire broke out around 3:30 p.m. local time in Xinyu, a city in Jiangxi Province, in the basement of a building that housed an internet cafe on the ground floor and an educational center upstairs, according to Chinese state media and a local government announcement.

2024 January 24, Vivian Wang, Joy Dong, Li You, Chris Buckley, Siyi Zhao, “Building Fire in China Kills at Least 39, With Others Trapped”, in The New York Times, sourced from Beijing, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-01-24, Asia Pacific:

A prefecture-level city in Jiangxi, China.


Heyuan

Translingual: Heyuannia

A large prefecture-level city in Guangdong, in southeast China.


Gulin

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 古藺／古蔺.


Huguang

THis Province of Huquang, divided in the middle by the River Kiang, into a Northern and Southern part, is not inferior to the others in bigneſs ; for it begins in the South in twenty ſix Degrees and twenty Minutes Northern-Latitude, and ends in thirty four Degrees, a Tract of hundred thirty ſeven Leagues and a half ; its length extends to ſeven Degrees, a Tract of a hundred fifty five Leagues.

[1671, Arnoldus Montanus, translated by John Ogilby, Atlas Chinensis, London: Tho. Johnson, translation of original in Dutch, →OCLC, page 517:


Raoping

In Guangdong Province in southeastern China, 22 kinds of fees and taxes have been slapped on private businessmen by 17 different departments. In Raoping County, 265 privately employed households were made to pay an old man's rent for the county's care of the elderly.

1984 September 15 [1984 September 14], Christopher S. Wren, “FREE ENTERPRISE IN CHINA: THE UNBROKEN SHACKLES”, in The New York Times, sourced from Peking, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, World:


Mingshui

A county of Suihua, Heilongjiang, China.


Fiery Cross Reef

Dr. Collingwood, in his "Rambles of a Naturalist," describes a scene of marvellous submarine beauty in the China seas. He speaks of Fiery Cross Reef on a day when the sea was so calm that the ship’s anchor could be distinctly seen sixty or seventy feet from the surface. Rowing over a two-fathom patch, he allowed the boat to drift slowly, and gazed on the sea treasures beneath him.

1871, William Jones, “Submarine Scenery”, in The Broad, Broad Ocean and Some of Its Inhabitants, London: Frederick Warne and Co., page 182:

Fiery Cross Reef is about 14 nmi long. U.S. Defense Mapping Agency charts indicate that it is submerged at high tide in its natural state,⁴⁷ but other sources claim it has one rock at its southwest end that is about the size of a table and is 0.6 meter above water at high tide.⁴⁸ This reef has been converted into an artificial island and now contains a supply base, a helipad, a 300-meter pier capable of handling 4,000-ton ships, and an ultra-modern oceanographic observation station that can receive and transmit messages through satellites and provide vital meteorological data to passing aircraft and ships.⁴⁹

1997, Mark J. Valencia, Jon M. Van Dyke, Noel A. Ludwig, “Analyzing the South China Sea Claims Under International Law”, in Sharing the Resources of the South China Sea, Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, published 1999, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, International Law, page 22:

China's landing of an aircraft at Fiery Cross Reef has already drawn criticism from its neighbors, among them Vietnam, which said China's move violated Hanoi's sovereignty. The Philippines, a US ally, said Monday it was also considering a formal protest.

2016 January 5, “Beijing sea flight test on disputed island draws rebukes from US, neighbors”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2016-01-05, China:

Sansha City has two districts, both created in April 2020.²¹² The Xisha District (西沙区) People’s Government is based on Woody Island and has jurisdiction over the Paracel Islands and Zhongsha Islands.²¹³ The Nansha District (南沙区) People’s Government is based on Fiery Cross Reef and has jurisdiction over the Spratly Islands.²¹⁴ Each district assumably has a district party committee as well.²¹⁵ Though publicly available information on these new districts is scarce, the establishment of Xisha District and Nansha District will likely improve Sansha’s administrative capacity and expand localized policymaking.²¹⁶

2021 January, Zoe Haver, “China Maritime Report No. 12: Sansha City in China's South China Sea Strategy: Building a System of Administrative Control”, in CMSI China Maritime Reports, number 12, China Maritime Studies Institute [中国海事研究所], →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-01-05, page 29:

A reef and artificial island in the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea, administered as part of Sansha, Hainan, China, and claimed by the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam.


Jinta

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 金塔 (Jīntǎ).


Guazhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 瓜州 (Guāzhōu).


Qixia

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 棲霞／栖霞 (Qīxiá).

The blast occurred at 2 p.m. local time (0600 GMT) on Sunday at the Hushan mine in Qixia, under the administration of Yantai city in Shandong province. But it was not until 8 p.m. the next day - 30 hours later - that it was reported to Qixia's emergency department, Xinhua said.

2021 January 13, Se Young Lee, Tom Daly, Min Zhang, “Rescuers try to reach 22 trapped after Chinese gold mine blast”, in Kevin Liffey, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-11-23:

A county-level city in Yantai, Shandong, China.


Yongzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 永州 (Yǒngzhōu).

A prefecture-level city in Hunan, China.


Xigu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 西固 (Xīgù).


Qumarlêb

Tenzin Sherab (pictured) was the oldest of five siblings from a village in Chumarleb (Chinese: Qumarleb/Qumalai), Yushu (Kyegu) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture (the Tibetan area of Kham). According to exile Tibetan sources, his nomad family had been resettled to Chumarleb under the Chinese authorities’ policies of settlement, land confiscation, and fencing of pastoral areas inhabited by Tibetans, dramatically curtailing their livelihoods.

[2013 May 29, “Tibetan nomad self-immolates and dies in Yushu”, in International Campaign for Tibet, archived from the original on 2013-10-02:


Yushu

2013 May 29, “Tibetan nomad self-immolates and dies in Yushu”, in International Campaign for Tibet, archived from the original on 2013-10-02:

A Tibetan autonomous region in Qinghai, China.

A county-level city in Yushu, Qinghai, China.


Poindo

Continue up the Kyi Chu’s right bank along a dirt track. In 2 1/4 hr reach the small town of Lhündrub Xian (formerly Phongdo Dzong).

[1994, Victor Chan, “Pilgrimage and Trekking Routes”, in Tibet Handbook, Moon Publications, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 561:

A township in Lhundrub, Lhasa, Tibet, China.


Wulingyuan

A district of Zhangjiajie, Hunan, China.


Sangzhi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 桑植 (Sāngzhí).

Steep sandstone ravines carve across Sangzhi county, a part of Hunan province with little industry or even agriculture. But multistory homes with faux-European balustrades line county road 420. They are the rewards of laboring in cities like Shenzhen — and monuments to the human cost.

2019 December 15, Gerry Shih, “They built a Chinese boomtown. It left them dying of lung disease with nowhere to turn.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-12-16, Asia & Pacific:


Vuladdore Reef

A reef in the Paracel Islands in the South China Sea, administered as part of Sansha, Hainan, China, and claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam.


Leping

A county-level city in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China.


Fengcheng

A county-level city in Dandong, Liaoning, China.


Qingyang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 青陽／青阳 (Qīngyáng).


Qingyang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 慶陽／庆阳 (Qìngyáng).

The privately run school will be closed and a new public school will open at the same location, the Qingyang city government said. The bus, originally a nine-seat van, was carrying 62 children and two adults when it crashed with a truck in Gansu Province on Wednesday.

2011 November 21, “China: Kindergarten Owner Arrested in Bus Crash”, in The New York Times, sourced from Associated Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2011-11-22, Section A, page 8:

A prefecture-level city in Gansu, China.


Raskam

Similarly, on the upper valleys of the Raskam river, a major tributary of the Yarkand river in Sinkiang, the Mir possessed certain rights of cultivation which he valued as this was the only direction in which he could expand his territory to accommodate any population increase: to the south he was effectively hemmed in by other states.

1964, Alastair Lamb, “Hunza, the Pamirs, and Aksai Chin in 1912”, in The China-India Border, Oxford University Press, →OCLC, page 98:

A river in China, the upper part of Yarkand.


Guangchang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 廣昌／广昌 (Guǎngchāng).


Xilingol

From Mongolian ᠰᠢᠯᠢ
ᠶᠢᠨ
ᠭᠣᠣᠯ (sili yin ɣool).

ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ


Panshi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 磐石 (Pánshí).

A county-level city in Jilin, Jilin, China.


Huadian

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 樺甸／桦甸 (Huàdiàn).


Jiaohe

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 蛟河 (Jiāohé).


Shulan

And on Sunday, Shulan in Jilin Province declared that it was at “high risk” from the epidemic after a rash of at least 15 infections around the area that started with a woman who was reported to have no history of contact with known cases.

2020 May 12, “Under Coronavirus Lockdown, India’s Carbon Emissions Plunge: Live Coverage”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-05-12, The Coronavirus Outbreak:


Zijinshan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 紫金山 (Zǐjīnshān).

A mountain in Xuanwu district, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.


Hainam

From Hainanese 海南 (Hái-nâm). Doublet of Hainan and Hailam.

An island off the coast of southern China.

A province off the coast of southern China, primarily made up of Hainam Island.


Luichew

From either or both Leizhou Min 雷州 and Hokkien 雷州 (Lûi-chiu). Doublet of Leizhou and Luichow.

A peninsula in Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.

A county-level city in Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.


Hailam

From either or both Hokkien 海南 (Hái-lâm) or Hainanese 海南. Doublet of Hainan and Hainam.

A province off the coast of southern China, primarily made up of Hailam Island.


Minya Konka

Borrowed from Tibetan མི་ཉག་གངས་དཀར་རི་བོ (mi nyag gangs dkar ri bo).

bor

མི་ཉག་གངས་དཀར་རི་བོ


Zhili

(historical) A former administrative region of China, later reformed into Hebei province.


Songyuan

A prefecture-level city in Jilin, China.


Laibin

A prefecture-level city in Guangxi, China.


Panjin

A prefecture-level city in Liaoning, China.


Ulanqab

A prefecture-level city in Inner Mongolia, China.


Wulian

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 五蓮／五莲.


Yizhou

(historical) A former prefecture and former province of China.


Ninglang

An Yi autonomous county in Lijiang, Yunnan, China.


Yongsheng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 永勝／永胜 (Yǒngshèng).


Panzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 盤州／盘州 (Pánzhōu).

A county-level city in Liupanshui, Guizhou, China.


Shuicheng

A district of Liupanshui, Guizhou, China.


Liuzhi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 六枝 (Liùzhī).

A special district of Liupanshui, Guizhou, China.


Boketu

A town in Yakeshi, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia, China.