Xaidulla

Borrowed from Uyghur شەيدۇللا (sheydulla), ultimately from Arabic شَهِيدُ اللّٰه (šahīdu allāh, literally “witness of God”).

der

شَهِيدُ اللّٰه

Thus, embittered and with his career in crisis, Johnson had spent the last season, 1864, rounding off his work in the north-eastern corner of Ladakh. In the process he had again beaten his own world altitude record by reaching a point 23,000 feet above sea level. He had also crossed the Karakoram pass and continued for three days towards Yarkand before turning back. At the time the Maharaja of Kashmir, without apparently consulting the British, had established an advance garrison well beyond the pass at a place called Shahidulla. This excursion of Johnson’s was therefore safe enough and though his survey work there was rather haphazard, he was not censured for crossing the frontier.

[1977, John Keay, Explorers of the Western Himalayas, 1820-1895, published 1996, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 202:

The next day we came to Xaidulla, a cluster of walled compounds, old buildings made of mud brick, new ones of concrete, a few bushes, but mostly a road stop filled with blue trucks driven by Uighurs from Kashgar and Urumqi.

1991, Jeremy Schmidt, Himalayan Passage, Seattle: The Mountaineers, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 119:

Mazar to Dahongliutan [256km] - From Mazar (3,790m) it takes around 9 hours by truck. At Xaidulla there is only a Daoban (Road Maintenance Depot). On the northern side of the river, the old-looking fortress is actually a relatively new structure built during the Kuomintang (Nationalists) Government period.

2000, Atsushi Kanamaru, editor, Mapping the Tibetan World, 1st edition, Kotan Publishing, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 158:

The road turns east and climbs over the Kirgizjangal Pass (kilometre marker 09; 4930m) to the large village of Xaidulla (Sài Túlā; kilometre marker 363; 3700m), the largest town en route.

2011, Bradley Mayhew, Michael Kohn, Daniel McCrohan, Tibet, 8th edition, Lonely Planet, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 355:

Ranbir also had possibly wanted to expand his territory into the fertile Shahidulla (Xaidulla) area of Sinkiang, located north-east of J&K beyond the Karakorams and accessed via the Shimshal Pass, ‘the Gateway to Hunza’.

2015, Christopher Snedden, Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris, Hurst & Company, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page https://archive.org/details/kashmir_20210703/Understanding%20Kashmir%20and%20Kashmiris%20-%20Christopher%20Snedden/page/n91/:

A town in Pishan, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Guma

He started by asking the elders and officials whether they knew of the discovery of any old books in the desert around Guma. Nobody had. Of the list of sites which Islam Akhun had included in his itinerary published by Hoernle, only two were known to them. As both lay close to Guma, Stein rode out to inspect them.

1984, Peter Hopkirk, Foreign Devils on the Silk Road, John Murray, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 77:

固瑪

county in Hotan, Xinjiang, China; town in Pishan, Hotan, Xinjiang, China


Kokterak

Borrowed from Uyghur كۆكتېرەك (köktërek).

The earthquake happened in China , Autonomous Region of Xinjiang (population 16,794,560) . The nearest places are Bexerik, Qaqkum, Azgan, Kokterak, Bora, Yecheng, Pishan, Guma, Sagan, Tou-pa-ko, and Koxtag.

2017, “M 4.5 in China on 20 Apr 2017 03:39 UTC”, in Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System:

A township in Pishan, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang, China.

科克鐵熱克

township in Pishan, Hotan, Xinjiang, China


Zangguy

They sat on the small airfield at Zangguy, serviced and ready to fly.

2001, Ramon Harris, Allegro's Secret, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 262:


Pixna

Uygur farmer Burexi Eli holds her child in the arm outdoors in Pixna Township of Pishan County of Hotan Prefecture, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, July 4, 2015. A 6.5-magnitude earthquake rocked Pishan County of Hotan Prefecture at 9:07 a.m. (0107GMT), with the epicenter recorded at 37.6 degrees north and 78.2 degrees east, according to the China Earthquake Networks Center (CENC). Three people were killed and 71 others injured in the quake. Local government has erected 1,500 tents to accomodate^([sic]) residents affected by the earthquake.

2015 July 3, “Xinjiang earthquake kills 3, injures 71”, in ying, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2015-07-06:

The epicentre was between the Pishan County seat and the Pixna Township.
In Pixna Township, five temporary settlements have been erected for those who lost their homes in the quake.

2015 July 4, “4,000 aftershocks rattle China's earthquake-hit Xinjiang”, in The Economic Times, archived from the original on 2021-08-24:

A Muslim family gathers to celebrate the Eid al-Fitr in Bulakbexi Village of Pixna Township in Pishan County, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, July 18, 2015.

2019 April 18, Abhishek G Bhaya, “China slams allegations of pursuing anti-Muslim policy”, in CGTN, archived from the original on 2019-06-17:


Zhangqiao

/ˈd͡ʒɑŋ.t͡ʃɑʊ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 張橋／张桥 (Zhāngqiáo).

The group of seven had driven up to a village in Zhangqiao town in a minivan late one September night. There, they used home-made traps to catch the geckos, which they planned to sell. But they were caught and the 1,689 geckos that they caught were released back into the wild.

2014 December 22, Zhuang Pinghui, “Chinese men fined for catching almost 1,700 protected wild geckos in one night”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2014-12-23:

A town in Yanling, Xuchang, Henan, China, formerly a township.


Xuchang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 許昌／许昌 (Xǔchāng).

The following autumn Rev. Edwins, in company with Rev. Landahl of the Hauge Mission, fared forth on Chinese carts for central Honan, finally arriving, after many dangers and vicissitudes on the way, at Hsüchow (now Hsüchang) on the Peking-Hankow Railroad.

[1938 December, Gustav Carlberg, The Story of Our China Mission, Board of Foreign Missions of the Augustana Synod, →OCLC, page 6:

Chiang habitually failed to take the advice of competent strategists. One especially harmful display of this tendency came in 1948 when, against the advice of his staff and American advisers, he massed more than fifty divisions around Hsuchang to prevent Communist forces from dominating central China. The result was a complete disaster in which 550,000 Nationalist soldiers were lost, an estimated 325,000 as prisoners.

[2007, Brian Taylor, “Chiang Kai-shek and the Loss of China”, in Washington College International Studies Review, volume IV, page 72:

The police in the Henan city of Xuchang said on Monday that they were investigating a criminal gang headed by a man named Lu Yi whom they say may have used Henan New Fortune Group to amass control of the rural banks, and used fictitious loans to illegally transfer funds.

2022 July 11, Zixu Wang, Austin Ramzy, “Security Forces in China Attack Protesters Seeking Frozen Funds”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-07-11, Business:

A prefecture-level city in Henan, China.


Yanling

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 鄢陵 (Yānlíng).

As suggested by the Yenling County party committee and approved by the Honan party committee, the Hsuchang prefectural party committee decided to adopt disciplinary measures against (Peng Fang-hsin) and others. It also decided to expell (Chen Wen-chin) from the party and dismiss him from the post as deputy chief of the Yenling County Culture and Education Bureau.

[1978 February 22 [1978 February 18], “Honan CCP Committee Dismisses County First Secretary”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 36, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Chengchow Honan Provincial Service, translation of original in Mandarin, →ISSN, →OCLC, Central-South Region, page H 1:

Six men in Yanling county, Henan province, who together caught almost 1,700 wild geckos, have each been fined 2,000 yuan (HK$2,500) for illegal hunting, Dahe Daily reports.

2014 December 22, Pinghui Zhuang, “Chinese men fined for catching almost 1,700 protected wild geckos in one night”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2014-12-23:

Christian worshipers pray during a Christmas service at a village church in Yanling county, Xuchang city, central China's Henan province, in a file photo.

2018 September 5, Yang Fan, Luisetta Mudie, “Protestant Churches in China's Henan Hit by Dawn Police Raids”, in Luisetta Mudie, transl., edited by Luisetta Mudie, Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2018-09-05:

A boy view^([sic – meaning views]) flowers at a flower expo park in Yanling County of Xuchang, central China's Henan Province, Oct. 3, 2018. To boost the rural economy, local authorities have promoted the industry of flowers and plants. The county's output value of flower and plant industry reached 7.1 billion yuan (1.03 billion U.S. dollars) in 2017.

2018 October 5, “Flower and plant industry boosts rural economy in China's Henan”, in Liangyu, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2018-09-05:


Baghchi

A 34-year-old from Hotan, arrested in Baghchi and deprived of political rights for 4 years

2006, China Rights Forum, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 12:

Imin Memtimin, 41, who has played an active role in police operations in Sadiqawat village of Baghchi township^([sic – meaning town]) in Hotan county, was kidnapped from his home on the morning of March 9.

2015 March 23, Roseanne Gerin, Shohret Hoshur, “Police Raids Yield No Clues About Kidnapped Uyghur Village Police Chief”, in Shohret Hoshur, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2015-03-24:

In 2019, a survey in three villages of Baghchi Town, Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture counted a total population of 5,307, with 1,699 people capable of work, of whom, 1,493, or 88 percent, were keen to work outside their home villages. Of the remainder, 180 preferred to work locally in township enterprises, village factories, or poverty-relief cooperatives offering an average monthly salary of RMB3,000; the other 26 wished to start businesses locally, engaging in transport and logistics, property management and household services, construction, hairdressing, catering or retail stores.

2020 September 17, “Full Text: Employment and Labor Rights in Xinjiang”, in huaxia, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2020-09-20:

A survey in three villages of Baghchi Town, Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture counted a total population of 5307 and a labor force of 1,699, among which 1,493 are willing to work outside voluntarily, accounting for 88 percent of the total labor force.

2021 December 14, “The So Called “Forced Labor” Constitutes a Shameless Slander”, in Sayyara, editor, Tianshannet, archived from the original on 2022-02-20:

A town in Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.

巴格其

town in Hotan County, Hotan, Xinjiang, China


Taocheng

From the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 桃城 (Táochéng).

Hengshui City lies in the southeast of Hebei Province, between the east longitude 115°10’ ~ 116°34’ and the north latitude 37°03’ ~ 38°23’. It occupies 8,815 square kilometers with a population of 4.3 million. The Taocheng District where the municipal government is located is 250 kilometers away from the state capital Beijing to the north and 119 kilometers away from the provincial capital Shijiazhuang to the west.

2009, Li Zhanbing, “The City of Hengshui”, in Fu Yuhua, Florentin Smarandache, V. Christianto, editors, Cultural Advantages in China: Tale of Six Cities, InfoLearnQuest, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 39:

For examples, the irrigation price for farmers to pay in Taocheng District of Hengshui City is increased by 0.15 RMB/m³ (from 0.35 to 0.5 RMB/m³), and, at the same time, the government grants a subsidy of 0.05 RMB/m³.

2015, Yue Che, Zhaoyi Shang, “Water Pricing in Colombia: From Bankruptcy to Full Cost Recovery”, in Water Pricing Experiences and Innovations, →ISBN, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 106:

An official from Taocheng District Education Bureau of Hengshui, Hebei province in northern China, said they are investigating the Taocheng Middle School after a lengthy article by a student at the school went viral last week, news portal eastday.com reported.

2022 February 19, Alice Yan, “Chinese authorities investigate private boarding school after student blows whistle on alleged abuse, public shaming and excessive tests”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2022-02-19, Social Welfare:


Taocheng

From the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 陶城 (Táochéng).


Laskuy

Farmer Mettohti Imin, his teenage son Abdusalam Mettohti, and a family friend were taken into custody in late March after confronting “more than 100 police officers” who had come to seize land communally owned by Aktash village in Xinjiang’s Laskuy township^([sic – meaning town]), a resident told RFA’s Uyghur Service.

2013 April 12, Rukiye Turdush, Joshua Lipes., “Three Uyghurs Held for Resisting Land Takeover”, in Rukiye Turdush, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2015-09-08:

Earlier this year, authorities in the township^([sic – meaning town]) of Laskuy, Hotan County^([sic – meaning City]), issued an announcement in the town seat of Aktash Village that “all restaurants and supermarkets in our village should place five different brands of alcohol and cigarettes in their shops” and create “eye-catching displays” to promote the forbidden products. “[A]nybody who neglects this notice and fails to act” the notice warned, “will see their shops sealed off, their business suspended, and legal action pursued against them.”

2015 June 23, Ryan Kilpatrick, “Uyghur exiles blast pre-Ramadan ‘beer competition’ held by Communist Youth League”, in Hong Kong Free Press, archived from the original on 2015-07-03:

In April 2015, authorities in Aktash village, Laskuy township, Hotan county, Hotan prefecture, XUAR, ordered local shopkeepers to sell alcohol and cigarettes — the use of which many local Muslims considered a "sin" and "self-destructive," respectively¹¹⁷- as well as to display the alcohol and cigarettes prominently.¹¹⁸

2015 October 8, Congressional-Executive Commission on China Annual Report 2015, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, published 2015, →OCLC, page 126:

A town in Hotan City, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang, China.

拉斯奎

town in Hotan City, Hotan, Xinjiang, China


Chikan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 赤坎 (Chìkǎn).

Close to 4,000 households are being forced out of a centuries-old town on the western edge of the Pearl River Delta by their local government, which has teamed up with an investment firm to turn it into a tourist attraction.
It’s not what the residents of Chikan’s old town expected when the nearby Kaiping diaolous – fortified, multi-storey dwellings – were put on the World Heritage List by Unesco in 2007.

2017 August 28, He Huifeng, “Families who’ve lived in old Chinese town for generations being kicked out to make way for tourists”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-08-28, China:

A town in Kaiping, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China.


Heshan

zh-l

鶴山／鹤山 (Hèshān)

Local authorities in a southern Chinese city abandoned a plan to build a uranium-processing plant one day after hundreds of local residents protested against it because of safety concerns. The $6 billion project, proposed for the city of Heshan in Guangdong province, was part of national efforts to reduce China’s reliance on coal and boost the use of clean energy.

2013 July 13, “World Digest: July 13, 2013”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-07-01, World:

A county-level city and former county of Jiangmen, Guangdong, China

A town and former township in Ningyang, Tai'an, Shandong, China


Enping

Kwangchow to Enping
It was an early spring morning in 1968 when we left Canton city and, cutting across the Pearl river delta, went west to visit the county town of Enping.

1973, Rewi Alley, 中国见闻 [Travels in China, 1966-71], Peking: New World Press, →OCLC, page 335:

In fact, the Miss China contest nearly did not happen, after officials in the southern city of Enping raided the auditorium.[…]
To comply, he scheduled the Miss China pageant in the obscure city of Enping in Guangdong Province, without much publicity.

2002 July 16, Elisabeth Rosenthal, “Beijing Journal; Here She Comes! (Will China Ever Be the Same?)”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-27, World:


Kaiping

A 24-year-old young man from Kaiping, Kwangtung was nearly drowned while swimming to Hongkong with his 23-year-old cousin last March 25.

1973 April 29, “More refugees from the mainland”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIV, number 16, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

The deal greatly strengthens Westfall’s geographic footprint by adding its first plants in the southeastern United States, specifically in Mocksville and Asheboro, NC, as well in Kaiping, China, in Guangdong Province.

2021 July 2, “Westfall Technik Acquires Multi-Site Consumer Packaging Molder CPP Global; Expands into North Carolina and China”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-18:

A county-level city in Jiangmen, Guangdong, China


Nanhai

A big poster recently appeared in Nanhai County of Kwangtung Province condemning the unpardonable crimes committed by Mao Tse-tung during his notorious lifetime, according to an intelligence source from behind the Iron Curtain.
Entitled "Our debt of blood must be repaid in kind by pro-Mao reptiles," the poster was put on a "revolutionary martyrs' shrine" at Tali Park in Nanhai County on May 16.

1980 July 6, “Poster attack”, in Free China Weekly, volume XXI, number 26, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

The Nanhai district of the Guangdong provincial city of Foshan in the GBA has ordered those Evergrande projects that are still under construction to be taken off the list as approved collaterals for mortgages and other loans.

2021 October 4, Iris Ouyang, “China’s local authorities take a hard look at Evergrande’s projects to ring fence any collapse from hurting their jurisdictions”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-10-04, Business:

A district of Foshan, Guangdong, China; former county of Guangdong, China.

A town in Songzi, Jingzhou, Hubei, China

Grouped around Chung Hai (Middle lake) and Nan Hai (South lake), just west of the Palace museum, are the government buildings of the Chinese Communist regime.

[1968, “PEKING (PEIPING)”, in Encyclopedia Britannica, volume 17, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 533, column 1:

A lake in Zhongnanhai, Xicheng district, Beijing, China.


Guliya

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 古里雅 (Gǔlǐyǎ).

On the Guliya glacier in the western Kunlun, they hand-drilled three cores, including one from the twenty-two-thousand-foot summit that was the highest ever retrieved at the time.

2005, Mark Bowen, Thin Ice: Unlocking the Secrets of Climate in the World's Highest Mountains, New York: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 212:

The area of the Guliya Ice Cap is more than 300 km² and the area at the top is more than 100 km². According to the debris at the terminal end of the glacier, the ice cap is stable. There is no abrupt change in ice layers from the top to the bottom. Thus, the features of the Guliya Ice Cap satisfy the assumptions made for our calculations.

2006, L. DeWayne Cecil, Jaromy R. Green, Lonnie G. Thompson, editors, Earth Paleoenvironments: Records Preserved in Mid- and Low-Latitude Glaciers, volume 9, Kluwer Academic Publishers, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 167:

Guliya Glacier is located in Tibet’s western Kunlun Mountains, one of Earth’s largest supplies of freshwater ice outside of the Arctic and Antarctica.

2017 December 23, Eleanor Imster, Deborah Byrd, “Scientists explain insights from ancient Tibetan ice core”, in Earth & Sky, archived from the original on 2020-02-28:

In 1992, an American-Chinese expedition successfully recovered a 308.6-meter ice core (see drill in photograph) from the Guliya ice cap (35°17'N, 81°29'E; summit 6710 m a.s.l.) in the far western Kunlun Shan on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China (see map). Guliya resembles a "polar" ice cap, is surrounded by vertical 30 to 40 meter ice walls (see photographs) and has internal temperatures of -15.6°, -5.9°, and -2.1°C at 10m, 200m and the base, respectively.

a. 2020, “Guliya Ice Cap, China”, in Ohio State University, archived from the original on 2020-01-26:

In 2015, when researchers embarked on an expedition to retrieve the oldest ice on the planet, they were doing it to look for clues about past climate. But during the journey—to the Guliya ice cap in China’s Tibet (above)—they also found 15,000-year-old viruses—some of them new to science, Vice reports.

2020 January 17, Rodrigo Pérez Ortega, “Ancient viruses found in Tibetan glacier”, in Science, archived from the original on 2020-08-21:

A team of U.S. researchers has found ancient viruses and bacteria in ice from two cores drilled on the summit and plateau of the Guliya ice cap in northwestern Tibetan Plateau, China.

2020 January 31, Natali Anderson, “15,000-Year-Old Viruses and Bacteria Found in Glacier Ice from Tibet”, in Sci-News.com, archived from the original on 2020-02-27:

A team including climate scientists and microbiologists from Ohio State University took two ice cores from the summit of the Guliya ice cap, at 22,000 feet above sea level, in western China in 2015.

2021 July 23, Jack Guy, “Ancient viruses dating back 15,000 years found in Tibetan glacier”, in CNN, archived from the original on 2021-07-24:

An ice cap in Rutog County, Ngari prefecture, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, 35°17'N, 81°29'E


Uzbel

After having travelled along the Ala-Baital defile, and followed the course of the Uzbel-Su, the party reached the Uzbel Pass, which separates the basin of the Kara-Kul from that of the Sary-Kol and Tarun-Gol.[...]The late M. Fedchenko disputed the existence of a meridional range on the east side of the Pamir, saying that Hayward had simply taken the abrupt side of the Pamir for a transverse mountain-range. Captain Kostenko, on the other hand, was impressed with its grandeur. It lies about 53 miles from the Uzbel Pass, and beyond it lies Kashghar, 40 miles further.[...]Through lack of provisions, Captain Kostenko was unable to push on to the Sary-Kol and compelled to return by the Uzbel Pass and the little Chon-Su defile. On emerging from thence, one comes upon a point where three roads converge—one to Badakhshan, one to Kokand (over the Kizyl-Yart), and the other to Kash- ghar (over the Uzbel Pass). The main force of the Alai column was rejoined at Archa-bulak, at the southern base of the Alai range. The whole distance marched by Captain Kostenko’s force, from the mouth of the Kizyl-Yart defile to the Uzbel Pass, was 90 miles.

1877 February 1, Robert Michell, “THE RUSSIAN EXPEDITION TO THE ALAI AND PAMIR IN 1876”, in The Geographical Magazine, volume 4, →OCLC, page 49:

In 1876 Kostenko, from the Uzbel Pass, observed a great peak in this direction, the name of which was given to him as Mustagh Ata, i.e. Father of Ice Mountains.

1896, George N. Curzon, The Pamirs and the Source of the Oxus, →OCLC, →OL, page 51:

If we open up the Atlas of the People's Republic of China we will find that the region of the Pamir, the western extremity of Xinjiang, from the Wuzibieli [Uzbel] Pass¹ to the south down to the Kekelaqukaole Peak (which the Soviet Russians call "Pavel Shveikovsky Peak") is designated as a not limited area. However, on the present-day Soviet Russian maps that area is shown as delimited, i.e., provided with a formal state boundary.

1982 November 18 [1982 July 25], Liu Cunkuan [0491 1317 1401], “The Historical Background of the Pamir Dispute Between China and the USSR”, in China Report: Political, Sociological and Military Affairs, number 363, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1:

After the resolution of the Tajik civil war, China and Tajikistan began to hold talks over disputed sectors. In October 1997, a week of talks at the vice-foreign ministerial level over the territorial dispute achieved “tangible progress” and reached an agreement over the two smaller disputes. The Markansu Valley was divided evenly while China dropped its claim to the Uzbel Pass (map 2.5).

2008, M. Taylor Fravel, “Frontier Disputes in the 1990s”, in Strong Borders, Secure Nation: Cooperation and Conflict in China's Territorial Disputes (Princeton Studies in International History and Politics), Princeton University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 165:

A mountain pass on the border between Akto, Kizilsu prefecture, Xinjiang, China and Murghob district, Gorno-Badakhshan, Tajikistan.

烏孜別里

mountain pass on the China-Tajikistan border


Taxkorgan

Borrowed from Uyghur تاشقورغان (tashqorghan).

The archeological office of the Sinkiang Uighur Autonomous Region museum discovered a large number of ancient tombs in Tashihkuerhkan Tadzhik Autonomous County.

[1977 November 25 [1977 November 20], “Sinkiang Archeological Find Refutes Soviet Distortion of History”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 227, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Urumchi Sinkiang Regional Service, translation of original in Mandarin, →OCLC, page M 2:

The wind had smoothed its sand over the nearby mountains, turning them to ghosts. And beyond the snow-mass of Muztagata we entered the valley of Taxkorgan, the last town in the west.

1990, Great Journeys, Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 35:

Totaling 33,000, the Tajik nationality is mostly concentrated in the Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County, east of the Pamirs in southwestern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The rest are scattered in a few counties south of the Tianshan Mountains within the same autonomous region.

1993, “TAJIK NATIONALITY”, in 曾庆南 [Zeng Qingnan], 张纬雯 [Zhang Weiwen], editors, 中国少数民族风情录 [In Search of China's Minorities], Beijing: New World Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 108:

Tash Qurghan is an autonomous county for the Tajik, therefore the majority of the population is Tajik.

[2003, Ma Rong, “Population Distribution and Relations Among Ethnic Groups in the Kashgar Region, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region”, in China's Minorities on the Move: Selected Case Studies, East Gate Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 114:

The China Earthquake Administration (CEA) said the quake occurred in the remote Taxkorgan County area of Kashgar Prefecture at a depth of 8 km (5 miles). Xinhua said in a microblog post 11 people were also injured.

2017 May 10, Adam Jourdan, “Eight killed when magnitude 5.5 earthquake hits China's northwest”, in Paul Tait, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2017-05-11, Environment:

A Tajik autonomous county in Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China.

塔什庫爾干

autonomous county in Kashgar, Xinjiang, China; a town in Taxkorgan, Kashgar, Xinjiang, China

A town in Taxkorgan, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Xiuyu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 秀嶼／秀屿 (Xiùyǔ).

Since we mainly rely on shipping grain into southern Fujian by sea, we could construct modern docks and warehouses for grain at the ports of Xiamen, Jinzhou, Xiaocuo, and Putian Xiuyu, and organize a special shipping brigade to transport grain in, and to ship out cane sugar, fruits, aquatic products, and special local products.

1987 February 3 [1986 July 5], Wang Zhiqin [3769 1807 0530] [王志勤], Wang Yang [3769 0111] [王仰], “The Crux of the Grain Problem in Fujian and How To Deal With It”, in China Report Economic Affairs, number 007, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Fuzhou FUJIAN LUNTAN [FUJIAN FORUM], No 7 pp 43–45 [福建论坛], translation of original in Chinese, →OCLC, page 87:

Located at Xiuyu, Putian, to the north of Meizhou Bay, the designed capacity for Phase 1 is 2.6Mt pa, with two LNG tanks each with a capacity of 145 000m².

2007, The Journal of Offshore Technology, volume 15, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2:

At least 37 people died in the blaze at the Feida workshop in Putian's Xiuyu district, which broke out at 9.50pm on Sunday, and 19 others were seriously injured, Xinhua reported.

2007 October 24, Raymond Li, “Dozens still missing in Fujian shoe factory fire”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2023-06-07:

The Wuchiu (Wuqiu) Islands are nominally administered in the PRC by the Xiuyu District of the Putian prefecture, but are in reality controlled by the Republic of China, which administers Wuchiu (Wuqiu) as part of Quemoy (Jinmen) County.

2013, Rongxing Guo, Regional China: A Business and Economic Handbook, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 44:

Sun Village now belongs to Wusheng Administrative Village (武盛村) in Daitou Township (埭头镇) of Xiuyu District (秀屿区).

2017, 吴重庆 [Wu Chongqing], “Preface”, in 孙村的路：后革命时代的人鬼神 [The Path to Sun Village: Gods, Ghosts, and People in a Post-Revolutionary Society], →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page XI:

The magazine Bitter Winter reports the government's religious affairs department of Putian spent around $75,000 last month to turn the first floor of the Three-Self Church located in the Xiuyu district's Daitou town into a publicity center to promote the Communist Party and its leaders.

2020 November 23, “Chinese Government Tells Churches to Worship the Communist Party or be Closed”, in Christian Broadcasting Network, archived from the original on 2020-11-23:


Makit

Ecstatic traditional music and dance of the Dolan people from Makit County, Xinjiang. The Dolan musicians will not only treat the audience to Dolan muqam and Dolan folk songs, but also jam with guest musician Mamer in a ground-breaking session that will explore the traditional-improvised music of Xinjiang.

2006 November 10, “The Soul of Dolan”, in Beijing Today, number 284, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 24, column 3:

The residential zone in the seat of Kashgar’s Makit (in Chinese, Maigaiti) county permits detainees to live with their families, but otherwise differs little from the camps where authorities are believed to have held 1.8 million people since April 2017, a source in the region told RFA.

2020 August 4, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Xinjiang Authorities Relocate Camp Detainees to Restricted-Access ‘Residential Area’”, in Mamatjan Juma, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2020-08-05:

A county of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China.

A town in Makit, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Nanri

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 南日 (Nánrì).

Among them, the raid against Nanjih and Tungshan were the largest in size and the lessons and experiences gained the greatest.[…]
4,500 Government troops sailed successively from Kinmen for Nanjih on 10 Oct., 1952. Due to heavy sea, the ships were not moored until 0630, 11 October.

[1971, “Armed Forces Reorganization and National Recovery”, in Wen Ha-hsiung, transl., A Brief History of the Chinese National Revolutionary Forces, 2nd edition, Taipei: Chung Wu Publishing Co., →OCLC, page 265:

The Nationalists also carried out guerrilla raids against Communist-held islands. For example, on 11 October 1952 five thousand Nationalist regulars and guerrillas raided Nanri Island, off the southern coast of Fujian.

1982, Bruce Swanson, Eighth Voyage of the Dragon: A History of China's Quest for Seapower, Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 186:

Fishermen carry a sedan chair and rush to the sea at Nanri Island in Putian, southeast China's Fujian Province, Feb. 22, 2019. This traditional custom named "Chonghai" represents the wishes about the safety of fishermen on the sea and a good harvest in fishing.

2019 February 26, “Traditional custom "Chonghai" of Nanri Island in SE China's Fujian”, in China Internet Information Center, archived from the original on 2019-04-28:

A town in Xiuyu district, Putian, Fujian, China.


Haidao

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 海島／海岛 (Hǎidǎo, literally “islands in the sea”).

In particular, one incident occurred at around 1100 (local time) on 27th May involving Zhexiangyu 3396 and 3398, two iron-clad trawlers of Gongdong village under Haidao township of Xiapu county.

1996, Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific, numbers 2665-2678, British Broadcasting Corporation, →OCLC, page 3:

The villages of Tailu, Beijiao, and Xiubang in the Tailu township in Lienchiang county and Kungtung, Kunghsi, Yantai, and Wenwo in Haidao township in Xiapu county in Fujian Province were randomly selected for this cross-sectional investigation, which took place from July, 2011 to November, 2011.[...]
Inclusion criteria were voluntary participants aged 30 years or more living in Tailu and Haidao townships for more than 5 years.

2014, Pengli Zhu, Feng Huang, Fan Lin, Qiaowei Li, Yin Yuan, Zhonghai Gao, Falin Chen, “The Relationship of Retinal Vessel Diameters and Fractal Dimensions with Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk Factors”, in PLOS One, volume 9, number 9, →DOI, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-06-29, page 2, column 1:

Inhabitants of four villages in Haidao, Xiapu County, and three villages of Tailu, Lianjiang County, in Fujian Province, China, were included in this cross-sectional study, between July and November 2011.

2018, Zhu Pengli, Yuan Yin, Huang Feng, Huang Qiuxia, Li Qiaowei, “A9461 Associations between gene polymorphisms of the apelin–APJ system and the risk of hypertension”, in Journal of Hypertension, →DOI:

An insular township of Xiapu, Ningde, Fujian, China.


Xiapu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 霞浦 (Xiápǔ).

Mr. Hubbard refers to the growth among the Christians at Sharp Peak. Three were received to the Hapuo church on May 12, and the chapel is opened every evening for preaching.

[1889 August, “Foochow Mission. THE RELIGIOUS AWAKENING.”, in The Missionary Herald, volume LXXXV, number VIII, →OCLC, page 329:

In order to receive the Taiwan fishermen compatriots, the Fujian Provincial Revolutionary Committee in early 1978 formally established these reception stations at the four fishing ports of Sansha in Xiapu [Hsiapu],[...]The Sansha reception station in Xiapu received 12 Taiwan fishing boats in 1978 and everytime^([sic]) helped repair the boats and engines, provided fuel and drinking water and purchased grain, meat, vegetables and other foods before they departed.

1979, Daily Report: People's Republic of China, numbers 12-22, →ISSN, →OCLC:

Tropical Storm Kalmaegi slammed into China’s southeastern coast on Friday, after killing six people in neighbouring Taiwan.
The weakening storm made landfall in Xiapu county in Fujian province at 6:10 p.m. (1010 GMT), bringing winds of up to 90 kph the official Xinhua news agency said.

2008 July 18, “Weakened typhoon hits China after 6 die in Taiwan”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-04-07:

2018, Zhu Pengli, Yuan Yin, Huang Feng, Huang Qiuxia, Li Qiaowei, “A9461 Associations between gene polymorphisms of the apelin–APJ system and the risk of hypertension”, in Journal of Hypertension, →ISSN, →OCLC:

On July 15, they set sail for Fuzhou. However, they were struck by a storm on July 18 and floated to Sansha, Xiapu County in Fujian Province. There they got the help of local officials.

2019, Jiangyong Liu, The Diaoyu Islands: Facts and Legality, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 378:


Yong'an

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 永安 (Yǒng'ān).

In Yong’an county, Fujian province, fiberboard is produced from waste lumber.

1982 June, Wu Dongyan, “The Furniture Industry”, in China Reconstructs [中国建设], volume XXXI, number 6, Beijing: China Welfare Institute, →OCLC, page 49:

By the time Comrade Luo Fu⁷⁸ (member of the Military Commission) learned about and objected to this move and the Red Army began to move eastward to Yong’an and Shaxian counties, the favourable situation which had existed in the Fujian People’s Government had changed.

1999 [1995], Chen Yun, Selected Works of Chen Yun, volume I, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 48:

A county-level city in Sanming, Fujian, China, formerly a county


Yengiostang

英吾斯塘

several townships and villages in Xinjiang

A township in Qiemo, Bayingolin prefecture, Xinjiang, China

A township in Maralbexi, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China

With a high survival rate compared to traditional cash crops, marigolds are easier to plant. The flowers, which contain lutein, are widely used in food and medicine. "It offers more economic benefits than cotton and wheat," said Zhu Yubao, Party chief of Yengiostang Township.

2020 September 30, “Xinjiang county smells success in marigold business”, in China Internet Information Center, archived from the original on 2020-09-30:

A township in Yarkant, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China

A village in Teram, Yopurga, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China


Awat

Shajimuhan Momin, the director of the Yengierik township planning office in Awat county was visiting the family of Reyimjan Sadir to 'propagandise and educate his wife about family planning measures'.

2004, Michael Dillon, Xinjiang: China's Muslim Far Northwest, Routledge, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 121:

The field experiment was carried out in Awat county, located in west edge of Taklimakan desert, XinJiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.

2008, Jurat Matruzi, Mamtimin Geni, Ilham Abdureyim, Xamxinur Abdikerem, “Relationship Between Sand Ripple Moving Speed and Wind Speed under Local Wind Tunnel Experiment by Using Natural Sand in Taklimakan Desert”, in Wei Yang, Mamtimin Geni, Tiejun Wang, Zhuo Zhuang, editors, Advances in Fracture and Materials Behavior: Selected, peer reviewed papers of the Seventh International Conference on Fracture and Strength of Solids, (FEOFS2007), Urumqi, China, August 27-29, 2007, volume 2, Trans Tech Publications Ltd, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1051:

In October 2015, RFA reported that authorities in Awat county, Aksu prefecture, had forced 2 of the 109 Uyghurs forcibly deported from Thailand to participate in a film “as a deterrent to others in the area not to flee the country and seek asylum elsewhere.”

2016 October 6, Congressional-Executive Commission on China, Annual Report 2016, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, archived from the original on 2016-11-10, page 285:

A source recently told RFA that residents of Awat (in Chinese, Awati) county, in the XUAR’s Aksu (Akesu) prefecture, had been informed that an “inspection team” would soon be visiting the area, which is home to three re-education camps.

2018 December 12, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Xinjiang Authorities ‘Preparing’ Re-education Camps Ahead of Expected International Monitors”, in Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2018-12-13:

A county of Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang, China

A town in Yarkant, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China

The general pattern is that the closer a township is to Kashgar city, the lower the changes of finding a female donkey in a household. Qoghan, Bäshkeräm, Awat, Yengi-östeng and Döwletbagh are townships which are within a 50-km distance from the city, and where female donkeys are nearly absent.

2010, Donald Wood, editor, Economic Action in Theory and Practice: Anthropological Investigations, via Google Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 172:

A township in Kashgar, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China


Yarkant

In 1870, Tsarist troops occupied Guldja in the north-west of the province. The same year, and again in 1873, the British agent Douglas Forsyth led a mission to Yarkant to establish diplomatic relations with Yakub Beg, the feudal warlord of Kashgaria, who was consolidating his rule over the area.

1994, Christa Paula, The Road to Miran, HarperCollins, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 17:

Kishen Singh headed north again in 1873, when he and Nain Singh accompanied British diplomats to the city of Yarkant (now in the Chinese region of Xinjiang Uyghur). The following year, he explored the area south of Yarkant and ventured into the rugged Pamir Mountains of Afghanistan. His greatest achievements, however, was yet to come.

1999, “Singh, Kishen”, in Explorers from Ancient Times to the Space Age, volume 3, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 73:

On the south side of the Taklimakan Desert stands a Central Asian oasis, the edge of a dusty city that was once the centre of a great Buddhist kingdom. As early as the second century A.D., Yarkant (Suoju, Shache, or So-ch'e in Chinese) was responsible for ideas and texts that changed the Chinese empire. These days Yarkant is a market town for low-income Uighurs, Islamic farmers and herders who have lived here for more than a millennium, and a strategic base for China's domestic security forces. With some of the lowest annual incomes in China, these ethnic-minority farmers and herders scratch out a living based on the trickle of moisture that flows from the Kunlun mountain range to the near south. Yarkant is literally wedged in between the outer edge of the Himalayas and a vast desert filled with hidden energy treasure.

2009, Gordon Laird, The Price of a Bargain, McClelland & Stewart, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 195:

A court in the far western region sentenced 12 people to death on Monday for an attack in Xinjiang's southern Yarkant county on July 28, in which the government said 59 "terrorists" were gunned down by security forces, while 37 civilians were killed.

2014 October 15, “China broadcaster says Xinjiang attack mastermind sought Islamic state”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2016-01-08:


Shijing

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 石井 (Shíjǐng).

The day 1 February marks the 320h anniversary of the recovery of Taiwan by national hero Zheng Chenggong. With profound reverence, this reporter recently paid a visit to Shijing Township of Nanan County, Fujian Province, the hero's native place.

1982 February 12 [1982 February 2], “Beijing Views Native Place of Zheng Chenggong”, in China Report: Political, Sociological and Military Affairs, number 271, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 43:

Shijing, a township in Nan’an County west of Quanzhou was the ancestral home of Zheng Chenggong (1624-1662), also known as Koxinga, the famous Ming loyalist general who succeeded in chasing the Dutch out of Taiwan in the early Qing dynasty.

1990 December, An Ge, “Western Shores of the Straits”, in China Tourism, number 126, H.K. China Tourism Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 20-21:

A town in Nan'an, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.


Nan'an

From the pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 南安 (Nán'ān).

A county-level city in Quanzhou, Fujian, China.


Nan'an

From the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 南岸 (Nán'àn).

Chicken is cooked in a variety of ways and two popular dishes are spicy chicken (làzi jī 辣子鸡) and a spicy chicken appetizer (kǒushuǐ jī 口水鸡) that's served cold. Chongqing's spring chicken (mineral water spring, not the season) is a local specialty. It's so good there's a whole street (nánshān quánshuǐjī yītiáojiē 南山泉水鸡一条街) dedicated to serving it. The chickens can be found by Nanshan Park at Huangjueya in the Nan'an District (南岸区黄桷垭南山公园).

2004, Intercontinental's Best of China, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 403:

On November 14, 2011, Heywood had checked in to the Lucky Holiday Hotel in the Nan'an district of Chongqing. Some twenty-six hours later, he was found dead in his hotel room. The apparent cause of death was alcohol poisoning. Heywood's wife traveled from their home in Beijing to Chongqing, and with her agreement, Heywood's body was cremated. There was no autopsy.

2013, Noah Feldman, “A Glimpse into the New China”, in Cool War: The Future of Global Competition, New York: Random House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 56:

Several areas along Nanbin Road in Nanan district were flooded, with water rushing into the main halls of a Hilton Hotel, according to footage on Pear Video.

[2020 August 20, Phoebe Zhang, “Chinese megacity Chongqing braces for record flood”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2020-08-20:


Saghan

As a rule, those coming from Atush, Kashgar city, and surrounding areas first stopped to pray at the Häzriti Begim Mazar in Yengisar's Saghan village before continuing on the Ordam (Fig. 3).

2016, Kashgar Revisited: Uyghur Studies in Memory of Ambassador Gunnar Jarring, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 238:

Yusupjan, a security worker in Yengisar county’s Saghan village, said his sister’s friend may have been terrified and made up the story in order to save herself from further questioning.

2017 September 19, Shohret Hoshur, Richard Finney, “Uyghur Woman Handed 10-Year Prison Term Over Headscarf Claim”, in Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2017-09-20:

An officer at the Saghan township police station told RFA that at least one other policeman from the township, who had been promoted and served for the last five years as an assistant officer patrolling China’s border, was fired after his relatives were arrested for “extremism.”

2017 November 6, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Families of Uyghur Police Officers Among Those Detained in Xinjiang’s Kashgar”, in Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2018-02-02:

A town in Yengisar, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China, formerly a township.


Yengisar

On 3 April, Abudure Yimu and Aihaiti Alabai, backbone members of the counterrevolutionary armed rebellion in Baren Township, went to Aigusi Township in Yengisar County to buy horses for battle. They offered a price as high as 2,000 yuan to buy a good horse owned by Danixi in San Village. The horse won several champions during races in Yengisar County.

1990 June 19 [1990 April 23], Shi Jian, Dong Jianshneg, Yusufujiang, Shi Linjie, “Report on the Quelling of the Counterrevolutionary Rebellion in Baren Township”, in Daily Report: China, number 118, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 59, column 2:

Adil (sometimes spelled Ahdili after the Chinese transcription A-di-li Wu-shou-er), like any Chinese hero, endured great hardships to get where he is today. He was born in Yengisar (in the Kashgar district) in 1971 as the sixth generation scion of a family famous for dawaz.

2007, James A. Millward, Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang, London: Hurst & Company, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 357:

An official surnamed Niu in Urumqi who was paired with a Uyghur family in a village in Yengisar county, Kashgar, at the end of 2016, told the Global Times that local villagers welcomed the stay of those "relatives," as they have been in contact for a year.

2018, Zhang Hui, “Xinjiang officials assigned as relatives to Uyghur villagers for ethnic unity campaign”, in Global Times, archived from the original on 2020-02-15:

In Yengisar county, south of Kashgar, one mosque hung a photo of Chinese President Xi Jinping inside its premises, where most posters were dedicated to warning against religious extremism and promoting ethnic harmony.

2019, Eva Xiao, Pak Yiu, “Razed mosques and pervasive surveillance make for a tense Ramadan in China’s Xinjiang”, in Hong Kong Free Press:

In Kashgar, for example, the county of Yengisar warned this year of a “huge shortfall” from spending on security and said that it had accumulated 1 billion renminbi, or about $150 million, in previously undeclared “invisible debt.”

2019 May 22, Chris Buckley, Paul Mozur, Austin Ramzy, Aaron Krolik, “How China Uses High-Tech Surveillance to Subdue Minorities”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-05-22, Asia Pacific:

英吉沙

county in Kashgar, Xinjiang; town in Yengisar, Kashgar, Xinjiang

We passed a good deal of motor transport on the road which led to Yengisar and Yarkant. Kashgar is a trucking centre, and at night, then around dawn, one can hear convoys starting out to cross deserts and mountains.

1976, Rewi Alley, “Kashgar and Khotan in South Sinkiang”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XV, number 5, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 15, column 1:

Sixty-eight kilometeres southeast of Kashgar is the small town of Yengisar, whose 400-year history of knife-making has made it famous throughout Xinjiang. A Yengisar knife is essential for every Uygur man, who wears it slung around his waist. A knife is especially important during the melon season, when it is produced with a ceremonial flair and thoroughly cleaned before use by cutting off the base of a melon. Knives are carefully chosen; hand-made ones encrusted with stones and inlaid with silver are highly valued, but just as effective are the sturdier ones with bone or horn handles and carving on the blade.

1993, Judy Bonavia, The Silk Road From Xi'an to Kashgar, Passport Books, NTC Publishing Group, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 276:

More knives for sale in Yengisar, China. The Uighur craft of knife-making is often passed from father to son.

2014 September 17, Julie Makinen, “Great Read: For China’s Uighurs, knifings taint an ancient craft”, in Los Angeles Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-10-16:

A town in Yengisar, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Egus

[1990 June 19 [1990 April 23], Shi Jian, Dong Jianshneg, Yusufujiang, Shi Linjie, “Report on the Quelling of the Counterrevolutionary Rebellion in Baren Township”, in Daily Report: China, number 118, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 59, column 2:

Memet’s three sons, including the one who had drunk alcohol, were also arrested by authorities in Egus township's No. 4 village, in Yengisar, for the incident between February and June this year, she said.

2017 November 8, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Xinjiang Authorities Jail Uyghur ‘Religious Extremist’ For Scolding Son For Drinking”, in Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 02 Feburary 2018:

A township in Yengisar, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Yengiyer

Authorities also noted plans to carry out education in atheism, according to the report. Authorities in Yengiyer township, Yengisar county, Kashgar district, called for teachers to visit students' homes during Ramadan to convey state policy and provide information on the "harms" of fasting, according to an August 4 report on the Yengisar County Government Web site. They also called for "resolutely examining and putting a stop to" students and teachers participating in "unlawful activities" such as fasting, entering religious venues, and participating in "underground scripture study sites."

2011 October 11, “Xinjiang Authorities Implement Ramadan Curbs Amid Renewed Pledges for Tight Controls Over Religion”, in Congressional-Executive Commission on China, archived from the original on 2014-09-19:

Officers at the Egus and nearby Yengiyer township police stations would not comment on the reason of Memet’s imprisonment when contacted by RFA, but also did not deny that he is being held in Urumqi No. 1 Prison. One official from Egus confirmed that Tursun is currently being held in a re-education camp.

2017 November 8, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Xinjiang Authorities Jail Uyghur ‘Religious Extremist’ For Scolding Son For Drinking”, in Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2018-02-02:


Longhai

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 龍海／龙海 (Lónghǎi).

Longhai, in Zhangzhou municipality, is offering a profit tax rebate as an incentive to lure foreign investment.

1996 September 11, “Longhai tax breaks to attract foreigners”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-09-28:


Gangwei

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 港尾 (Gǎngwěi).

Also on 30 April, Trawler No. 1107 of Jinyu Island, Gangwei Town, Longhai County, Zhangzhou City was fishing a few nautical miles off Penghu Island when it was forcibly towed away by a KMT gunboat. The 16 crew members on board were detained for seven days by the garrisoned troops and were only released on 8 May.

1990 May 31 [1990 May 30], “Incidents of Kuomintang Troops Shooting at and Towing Away Fishing Boats Along the Coast of Fujian Province Occur Over and Over Again”, in Daily Report: China, number 105, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from China News Service, translation of original in Chinese, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 67, column 1:

The Shenwo gneissic granite (DS-24-2) in the Gangwei area, south of Xiamen, belongs to the southern PDMB.

2012 October, Qian Liu, Jin-Hai Yu, Qin Wang, Bin Su, Mei-Fu Zhou, Hai Xu, Xiang Cui, “Ages and geochemistry of granites in the Pingtan–Dongshan Metamorphic Belt, Coastal South China: New constraints on Late Mesozoic magmatic evolution”, in Lithos, volume 150, →DOI, →ISSN, page 277:

An entrance guard clears mud at the gate of government of Gangwei Township in Longhai of Zhangzhou City, southeast China's Fujian Province, July 19, 2013.

2013 July 20, “Cimaron brings heavy rains to Fujian”, in China Internet Information Center, archived from the original on 2013-07-20:

[…]we left Amoy at Four, arrived near Kang Beh [Gangwei 港尾] at 5 1⁄2, and walked Sunday morning before breakfast to the hot springs;[…]

2017, Koos Kuiper, quoting De Grijs, The Early Dutch Sinologists (1854-1900), Brill Publishers, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 188:

A town in Longhai, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China, formerly a township.


Yopurga

In Yopurga County, the enrollment and consolidation rates for school-age children are 98 percent, while the rate for the elimination of illiteracy in the 12-to-40 age group exceeds 96 percent. The county has been certified by the People's Autonomous Region Government as Xinjiang’s best county at universalizing elementary education and eliminating illiteracy. Yopurga is one of Xinjiang's poor counties, but it nevertheless jumped to the top in those two areas.

1986 January 24 [1985 August 15], “Reform of Minority Nationality Education Discussed”, in China Report, Political, Sociological and Military Affairs, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, pages 109–110:

The Yopurga district [southeast of Kaxgar] had a grain surplus from the fifties up to the sixties; it was able to transfer 5 to 6 million jin and often as much as 7 million jin of cereals [2,500—3,500 tonnes] to other places. The arable land of the whole district is now completely salinized. Since 1970, this grain surplus district has become a grain deficit district (Chen Hua, 1983b, p. 3).

1987, T. Hoppe, edited by Bernhard Glaeser, Learning from China? Development and Environment in Third World Countries, Allen & Unwin, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 63:

In 2016, the Xinjiang PSB also issued a “Notice to Fully Carry Out the Construction of Three-Dimensional Portraits, Voiceprint and DNA Fingerprint Biometrics Collection System” (关于全面开展三维人像、声纹、DNA指纹生物信息采集系统建设相关工作的通知). But the full document is not publicly available. It is unclear who is targeted for such collection; how this information is to be used, shared, or stored; the rationale behind the collecting; or how one challenges the collection. A separate call for tender issued by the Yopurga County Police Bureau, Kashgar, Xinjiang, cited the “notice” and stated that the biometric collection is part of “stability maintenance.” Regional authorities have revealed little about these new efforts.

2017 May 15, “China: Police DNA Database Threatens Privacy”, in Human Rights Watch, archived from the original on 2017-05-16:

Zhu is an official at the commerce department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. A year ago, she was tasked with assisting the poverty alleviation work in a village under Yopurga County, some 1,500 km away from the regional capital of Urumqi.
Yopurga is located at the western edge of the Taklimakan, the largest desert in China, and local farmers used to grow wheat, cotton and dates.

2019 January 6, “Across China: Potato planting turns desert into land of fortune”, in mmm, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2019-01-06:

A county of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Huangqu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 黃渠／黄渠 (Huángqú).

In a Gansu court record, Dui Hua discovered an incident leading to the arrest of more than thirty Almighty God members. On December 6, 2012, 32 members of the Almighty God group entered a busy area near a Huangqu Township government building in Dunhuang city to distribute religious texts and perform religious songs and dance.

2018 June, “PRISONER UPDATE”, in Dui Hua Foundation, archived from the original on 2021-04-11:

Tourists visit a forest of desert poplar or populus euphratica in Huangqu Town, Dunhuang City, Northwest China's Gansu Province. During the autumn months, the town has drawn tourists eager to see the striking golden leaves of the trees against clear, blue skies.

2018 October 12, “Golden leaves draw tourists to northwestern county (1/6)”, in Yao Lan, editor, China News Service, archived from the original on 2018-10-20:

A town in Dunhuang, Jiuquan, Gansu, China.


Zhuanqukou

jwänʹchüʹkōʹ

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 轉渠口／转渠口.

Generally, the water level had a rising trend in the north of Huangqu town and Zhuanqukou town and along both sides of Dang river, but the level in the east and west of Danghe had a[...]

2011, Juncang Yang, Zhiheng Li, “The dynamic trends and prevention countermeasures of groundwater in Danghe irrigation, Dunhuang basin”, in 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection, →DOI, →OCLC:

A middle-aged famer from Zhuanqukou Village says that his annual income from the crops is only 2,000 yuan (US$322.2 yuan), a number which is barely there. Water shortage has become a bottleneck for the economic development of Dunhuang, Gansu Province.

2014 April 8, “The endless dry spells of Dunhuang”, in China Internet Information Center, archived from the original on 2021-05-24:

In addition, according to the monitoring data of groundwater level twice per year in the Danghe irrigation area from 2008 to 2010, the declined range of 0.10–0.50 m/a was mainly occurred from Suzhou town to Mengjiaqiao town and the Northeastern Mogao town; the declined range of 0.10–0.30 m/a was mainly distributed from Zhuanqukou, Guojiabao to Mogao town and around them; the declined range of 0.10–0.20 m/a was mainly distributed in the south of the Dunhuang irrigation area and other districts.

2016 June, “Land use/land cover change and driving effects of water environment system in Dunhuang Basin, northwestern China”, in Environmental Earth Sciences, volume 75, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-07-25, page 9:

A nurse of the Dunhuang medical community gives a patient an intravenous injection at the central hospital of Zhuanqukou town, Dunhuang city, Gansu province, Nov 27, 2018

2018 November 28, “Dunhuang medical community improves treatment”, in State Council of the People's Republic of China, archived from the original on 2021-05-24:

There are nine towns in Dunhuang, Shazhou Town, Mogao Town, Yueyaquan Town, Zhuanqukou Town, Qili Town, Yangguan Town, Suzhou Town, Guojiapuzhen Village and Huangqu Village.

2022, Jinbao Liu, “Thosuand's Years of Vicissitudes About Dunhuang”, in Ming Chen, Meng Wang, transl., The General Theory of Dunhuang Studies, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2:


Tailu

From the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 苔菉 (Táilù).

There is a large surplus of labour in Tailu commune of Lianjiang County, Fujian Province.

1981, Beijing Review, volume 24, →OCLC, page 17:

At about 0110 on 6 August, four crew members of the "Minlianyu 0210" fishing boat of Nan Village of Lianjiang County’s Tailu Town were looking for fishing tackle near the Latou Reef south of the Xiyin Island, when troops of the Taiwan authorities on Xiyin Island fired at them and 28-year old^([sic – meaning year-old]) captain Chen Yingtong of the fishing boat was wounded twice in the left side of his chest.

1995 August 10 [1995 August 9], ARATS, quotee, “ARATS Condemns Killing of Mainland Fisherman”, in Daily Report: China, number 95-154, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Beijing XINHUA Domestic Service, translation of original in Chinese, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 68, columns 1–2:

The fishing vessel and crew members returned to Tailu township in the early morning of 12th April.[...]two metal-cased trawlers from Tailu township, Lianjiang County[...]

1998, Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific, numbers 3202-3214, BBC Monitoring, →ISSN, →OCLC:

The bus was traveling from Tailu Town, in Lianjiang County, to Fuzhou City. Most of the passengers were residents of Tailu Town.

2004 August 24, “17 Killed as Bus Plummets Down Slope”, in China Internet Information Center, archived from the original on 2004-08-24:

The villages of Tailu, Beijiao, and Xiubang in the Tailu township in Lienchiang county and Kungtung, Kunghsi, Yantai, and Wenwo in Haidao township in Xiapu county in Fujian Province were randomly selected for this cross-sectional investigation, which took place from July, 2011 to November, 2011.[...]
Inclusion criteria were voluntary participants aged 30 years or more living in Tailu and Haidao townships for more than 5 years.

2014, Pengli Zhu, Feng Huang, Fan Lin, Qiaowei Li, Yin Yuan, Zhonghai Gao, Falin Chen, “The Relationship of Retinal Vessel Diameters and Fractal Dimensions with Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk Factors”, in PLOS One, volume 9, number 9, →DOI, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 2, column 1:

Fishermen reinforce the fishing gear on the shore in Houwan Village of Tailu Town in Lianjiang County, southeast China's Fujian Province, July 10, 2018, as Typhoon Maria, the eighth typhoon this year, approaches the Chinese coast.

2018 July 11, “Residents evacuated, boats moored as Typhoon Maria approaches China”, in Yurou, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2018-07-15:

A town in Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.

A village in Tailu, Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China


Huangqi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 黃岐／黄岐 (Huángqí).

黃岐／黄岐 (Huángqí)

The Luotuan Bay, embraced by the Jianjiang Peninsula in the northeastern part of Luoyuan County and the Huangqi Peninsula in Lianjiang County, is a good deep-water harbour in the southeastern water area of China.

1985, 中國沿海十四城, 北京光明日報社, →OCLC, page 307:

According to Taiwanese media, schema provided by Matsu Defense Command to international media during a recent visit to the island inadvertently confirmed the deployment of the Ray Ting-2000 (“Thunderbolt 2000”) MRL by showing artillery ranges that went well beyond that of artillery pieces deployed on the islands, specifically 240 mm howitzers M1, which can reach targets about 23 km inside China. The schema presented to journalists showed targets 40 km inland, including the Huangqi Peninsula, the entire Minjiang estuary, as well as Pingtan and beyond.

2013 June 11, J. Michael Cole, “Taiwan’s New Rocket Launchers?”, in The Diplomat, archived from the original on 2013-12-22:

Beigan Island belongs to Matsu Islands; the geographical position is located Taiwan's Northwest approximately 114 nautical miles, approaches mainland China Fujian's Minjiang River and Huangci peninsula.

[2020s, “Beigan introduction”, in Beigan Township Administration, Matsu, archived from the original on 2021-06-23:

A peninsula in Lianjiang, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.

When a fishing boat of Huangqi township of Fujian's Lianjiang county, which was engaged in nongovernmental trade, was having a transaction with a Matzu trader near the waters of Matzu island on the afternoon of 23 April, the troops garrisoned in Matzu opened fire at them, killing one and injuring two.

1995 May 2 [1995 April 28], “Matzu Troops Fire at Fishermen, Killing One”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, numbers 95-084, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, translation of original by Zhou Xiang (0719 5046) [周翔], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 88, column 2:

Cleaners clear the floating waste at a fishing harbour in Huangqi Township of Lianjiang County, southeast China's Fujian Province, June 6, 2017. Local authorities have devoted efforts to regularly clear the floating garbage along the seashore.

2017, “Local authorities make efforts to clear floating garbage along seashore in SE China”, in Zhang Dongmiao, editor, Xinhua News Agency:


Haifeng

海豐／海丰 (Hǎifēng)

The special group of Red Guards with strong group consciousness and collective grievances were offspring of regional cadres who were the subject of discrimination and suppression imposed by national leaders and their policy of breaking regionalism. Grievances of this kind have been strong in Kwangtung province. In Haifeng county, for example, the first group of Red Guards was composed of the children of cadres punished by the national leaders in past "anti-provincialism" campaigns. The children wanted revenge and their opponents were the children of northern or outside cadres.

1976, Alan P. L. Liu, Political Culture & Group Conflict in Communist China, Clio Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 68:

Kwangtung produced her own fair share of militarists, including the first Kuomintang governor of the province, Ch’en Chiung-ming of Haifeng county, Wei Pang-p’ing, and Hsu Ch’ung-chih.

1977, Roy, Jr. Hofheinz, The Broken Wave: The Chinese Communist Peasant Movement, 1922-1928, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 115:

A court in southern China has handed out jail terms of up to 10 years to nine people from a Chinese fishing village once seen as a cradle of grassroots democracy after finding them guilty of illegal protests and other charges.[…]
The Haifeng County court said in a statement late on Monday the nine had been jailed for crimes including illegal demonstrations, disturbing traffic and intentionally spreading false information.

2016 December 26, Ben Blanchard, “China jails nine over protests in 'democracy' village”, in Paul Tait, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2016-12-27, World:


Payzawat

Local government officials confirmed for the first time this month that an organized uprising against Chinese rule took place as late as the early 1980s.
Moslem peasants in Payzawat, 100 kilometres east of Kashgar, raided a military armoury and attacked Han Chinese with the stolen weapons. Units of the People's Liberation Army crushed the rebellion, with many deaths, local people from the Moslem Uighur ethnic group said.
Kashgar's vice-mayor Mohamed Emin, a Uighur but a non-Moslem Communist Party member, said a group "bent on destroying ethnic unity" had been responsible.
Payzawat - called Jiashi County by Peking - is closed to foreigners although overseas tour groups now regularly visit Kashgar. Local sources said the rebellion followed riots in Kashgar in 1981 that exploded when a Chinese shopkeeper shot dead a Uighur peasant who had parked a donkey-cart load of manure outside his premises.

1988 May 24, Andrew Roche, “Racial tensions simmer on China's ancient Silk Road”, in Jerusalem Post, volume 56, number 16834, via Internet Archive, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 6:

In the early 1980s, the local people rose up in armed rebellion against the Chinese presence in the regional centre of Payzawat. The Chinese army was called in to put down the uprising and the death toll was high.

1994, Pierre-Antoine Donnet, translated by Tica Broch, Tibet: Survival in Question, Zed Books Ltd, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 134:

According to official Chinese media, Payzawat (Jiashi) has a population of at least 300,000, while Maralbeshi (Bachu) has a population of 260,000. Both counties are 90 percent Uyghur.

2003, “DEATH TOLL RISING FAST IN XINJIANG QUAKE”, in Radio Free Asia:

Emin travelled from Khotan to Payzawat and agreed to combine his forces with those of Temur to launch an attack on Kashgar.

2014, Michael Dillon, Xinjiang and the Expansion of Chinese Communist Power: Kashgar in the Early Twentieth Century, Routledge, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 32:

The women's federation in Payzawat County, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, along with other government bodies there, has undertaken multiple means to help underprivileged women from ethnic minorities start up their own businesses or find employment in their hometowns in recent years.

2016, Wang Jiangpin, “Multiple Efforts Introduced to Help Ethnic Women in Start-ups and Employment”, in Hewater Liu, editor, All-China Women's Federation, archived from the original on 2020-03-21:

A 5.4-magnitude earthquake hit Payzawat County of Kashgar Prefecture in northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region at 00:05 a.m. Saturday (Beijing Time), according to the China Earthquake Networks Center (CENC).

2020 January 18, “5.4-magnitude earthquake hits Xinjiang: CENC”, in yan, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2020-03-21:


Kargilik

At present, a 1 360-km drifting route by raft from the Yarkant Bridge of Yecheng (Kargilik) to the Daxihaizi reservoir of Wensu County has been opened.

1997, Travelling around Xinjiang: A Land of Enchantment, Beijing: Science Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 155, column 3:

While over 90 percent of Kargilik's 500,000-strong population are Uygurs, Manas, regarded as the western gateway to Urumqi, has a Han majority. Memet had met few Han people in Kargilik. In Manas, he made friends with the community easily, despite the fear mongering in the past that the Han were taking over Uygur jobs. "My Han friends ask me to dinner during the Spring Festival," Memet told Beijing Review.

2017 February 23, Li Fangfang, “Opportunity in Diversity”, in Beijing Review, archived from the original on 2017-02-22:

Kargilik mosque — all gone
Satellite images taken in September 2018 and April 2019 appear to show that a mosque in Kargilik county, southwest Xinjiang, had been demolished completely. The two structures in the red box serve as location markers for the before and after images.

2019, Alexandra Ma, “Before-and-after photos show how China is destroying historical sites to monitor and intimidate its Muslim minority”, in Business Insider, archived from the original on 2019-04-28:

Zhu arrived in Xinjiang in 1975 as a “sent-down youth,” part of a Communist Party initiative that sent educated urban youths to live in the countryside to further China’s Maoist revolution. A member of China’s Han ethnic majority, he was 17 when he departed prosperous Jiangsu province on China’s east coast for Kargilik, a remote county amid the deserts and steppes of China’s far northwest. Uighurs, the region’s largest ethnic group, had long chafed under official discrimination and economic marginalization under Beijing.

2019 November 24, Sasha Chavkin, “Xinjiang’s Architect Of Mass Detention: Zhu Hailun”, in International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, archived from the original on 2019-11-24:


Pingtan

The shipwrecked group travelled by junk next day to Pingtan Island and four days later sailed to Hongkong.

1957 March 15, “Shipwrecked”, in Peace News, number 1081, page 2:

Peiping radio said a U.S. Navy aircraft violated Chinese Communist air space over Pingtan and White Dog islands off the coastal province of Fukien Sunday and added that a Red foreign ministry spokesman was "authorized to issue its 58th serious warning against the intrusion."

1959 July 20, “U.S. Plane Accused Of Air Violation”, in The Cumberland News, volume 21, number 239, Cumberland, Maryland, sourced from Tokyo (AP), page 1, column 8:

The Chinese military today began a third round of military exercises in waters near Fujian's Pingtan Dao, causing a feeling of insecurity on Wuqiu [Wuchiu], Jinmen [Kinmen], and Mazu [Matsu] that are garrisoned by Taiwan troops.

1996 March 21 [1996 March 18], He Jixiong (0149 2623 7160) [何机雄], “There Is a Feeling of Insecurity on Jinmen, Mazu, and Other Islands”, in Daily Report: China, number 96-056, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Hong Kong ZHONGGUO TONGXUNSHE, translation of original in Chinese, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 75, column 2:

The author went to Tungchu on 20 March, just two days after the PLA manoeuvres started on Pingtan Island. Though two-thirds of the civilian population had provisionally left Tungchu, the atmosphere was relaxed and, in the five hours spent there, the author was able to hear the remote sound of PRC guns just[…]

1997, Greg Austin, Missile Diplomacy and Taiwan's Future: Innovations in Politics and Military Power, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 14:

The 1.1 billion yuan ($152 million) sea bridge will connect Pingtan Island, located in the Taiwan Strait, to Fuqing, a city on the main landmass of eastern Fujian Province, Xinhua said.

2007 October 13, “China to build sea bridge to 5th-largest island”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-06-15, World News:

Chinese state media said that exercises to simulate an air and sea "blockade" around Taiwan had started Wednesday, but offered little solid evidence to back up the claim. Later Thursday, images showed military helicopters flying past Pingtan island, one of Taiwan's closest points to mainland China.

2022 August 4, Brad Lendon, “China fires missiles near Taiwan in live-fire drills as PLA encircles island”, in CNN, archived from the original on 2022-08-04:

Although some Fuqin City residents have managed to go to the United States illegally, most have chosen to go to Japan, also illegally (Gu 1993). The other sending community is Pingtan County, located east of Fuqin City. Many of its residents have illegally immigrated to Taiwan, which is only about seventy sea miles away (Chang 1995).

1999, Ko-lin Chin, Smuggled Chinese: Clandestine Immigration to the United States, Philadelphia: Temple University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 13:

China held live-fire military drills in the Taiwan Strait on Saturday as U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi prepared to arrive in Asia. The exercises took place off the coast of Fujian province opposite Taiwan. A warning issued by the local maritime safety agency said the drills would be conducted near Pingtan, a county about 80 miles from Hsinchu city across the strait in northwestern Taiwan.

2022 July 30, “A roundup of news from around the world.”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-08-01, National:

A town in Huiyang district, Huizhou, Guangdong, China


Tancheng

From the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 郯城.

SHANGHAI, (AP) An inspired Chinese army claimed capture of Matowchen, walled town four miles northwest of Tancheng, as continued “rapid progress” was reported today in erasing the second big Japanese offensive in South Shantung province.
Matowchen was considered by Chinese commanders the key to Tancheng, which had become the southernmost point of the Japanese advance toward the Lunghai railway, 15 miles away.

1938 May 5, “Chinese Continue Rout of Invaders”, in Santa Ana Journal, volume 4, number 4, Santa Ana, California, →OCLC, page 1:

In the past diamonds had sometimes been found along the border between Linshu and Tancheng counties. Years ago before liberation Wei’s two brothers had picked up two small ones and a peasant in Tancheng county had found one. But these had been seized by the puppet village heads and had fallen into the hands of the Japanese invaders.

1978 November, “A Great Diamond”, in China Reconstructs, volume XXVII, number 11, →OCLC, page 36, columns 1, 2:

Then following a lull in January, incidents picked up again after the Chinese New Year, spreading south to Tancheng and further east to Fei county.

1987, Joseph W. Esherick, The Origins of the Boxer Uprising, University of California Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 188:


Tancheng

From the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 潭城 (Tánchéng).

Tancheng on the island of Pingtan, in China’s Fujian Province, is pictured on Oct. 23 last year. Pingtan is physically China’s closest spot to Taiwan.

2014 February 9, “FEATURE: China woos Taiwan with offshore ‘common homeland’”, in Taipei Times, sourced from AFP, PINGTAN, China, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-03-28, Taiwan News, page 3:

A town in Pingtan, Fuzhou, Fujian, China


Nezerbagh

Borrowed from Uyghur نەزەرباغ (nezerbagh).

A Uyghur officer from the Nezerbagh township police station on the outskirts of Kashgar also refused to comment on the notice, but acknowledged that a special regulation is currently in place in the region to control the purchase and sale of tools with blades on them, as well as how the items are used.

2015 September 14, Eset Sulaiman, Joshua Lipes, “Authorities in Xinjiang Require Special Permits to Buy Kitchen Knives”, in Eset Sulaiman, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2015-09-29:

After receiving information about the implementation of the Sanxin Huodong campaign in Kashgar (in Chinese, Kashi) city’s Nezerbagh township, RFA’s Uyghur Service contacted a government employee there who refused to comment on the situation.

2020 January 9, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Uyghurs in Xinjiang Ordered to Replace Traditional Décor With Sinicized Furniture”, in Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2020-01-10:

A town in Kashgar, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China, formerly a township.


Doletbagh

Doletbagh is a small town located in the southeast part of Kashgar with a population of about 14,000, 97 per cent of whom are Uighurs.

2011 December 30, B. Raman, “Uighurs Strike Again In Xinjiang – Analysis”, in Eurasian Review, archived from the original on 2016-03-04:

RFA confirmed the detention of Haji—one of the region’s wealthiest businessmen—in a phone call to Kashgar’s Doletbagh police station, in Kashgar’s Yuan Fang district, which has since taken over operation of his hotel.

2018 May 7, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Chinese Authorities Detain Uyghur Hotelier in Xinjiang’s Kashgar City”, in Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2018-05-07:


Shamalbagh

Borrowed from Uyghur شامالباغ (shamalbagh).

“The group tried to attack people inside casino, but they failed to enter because the security guards immediately closed the door, so the group attacked bystanders in front of the establishment,” said a police officer from Kashgar’s Shamalbagh police station, which has jurisdiction over the area.

2015 March 16, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Chinese Police Shoot Four Uyghurs Dead After Casino Knife Attack”, in Shohret Hoshur, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2015-04-07:

Shamalbagh Town Food Street resumes business too! At noon on March 23, diners enjoy food in the food street and start a happy new week.

2020 March 27, “An article with the smell of delicious food: the following food streets and night markets in Xinjiang are open!”, in Cheng Li, editor, Tianshannet, archived from the original on 2020-05-18:

Recently, I've come across cases of Uyghurs who have come to Beijing to petition because they didn't receive reasonable compensation when their houses were torn down. For example, several dozen households only received 350 yuan per square meter when they were evicted in Shamalbagh, Kashgar.

2022 [2012 December 13], Ilham Tohti, “We Uyghurs Have No Say (2012)”, in We Uyghurs Have No Say: An Imprisoned Writer Speaks, Verso, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 135–136:


Qoghan

T. Where is he?
S. He is in the Qoghan quarter, he will be here directly.

1934, Rachel Orde Wingate, Dialogues in the Eastern Turki Dialect on Subjects of Interest to Travellers, →OCLC, page 13:

The general pattern is that the closer a township is to Kashgar city, the lower the changes of finding a female donkey in a household. Qoghan, Bäshkeräm, Awat, Yengi-östeng and Döwletbagh are townships which are within a 50-km distance from the city, and where female donkeys are nearly absent.

2010, Donald Wood, editor, Economic Action in Theory and Practice: Anthropological Investigations, via Google Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 172:

Mahat Hasan was one of 50 men detained by Chinese authorities in Barin town’s Qoghan village.[...]Mahat Hassan died last month in prison, becoming the fifth Uyghur of the Qoghan villagers to perish while serving a life sentence, according to his wife Asim Khan.

2012 March 22, Mamatjan Juma, Joshua Lipes, “Supporting a Loved One in Jail”, in Mamatjan Juma, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2012-03-24:

“This is a really religious family,” Sawut said. “We had been watching them closely, which is why they moved to Qoghan, outside Kashgar city, though some of them remained behind.”

2015 June 29, Shohret Hoshur, Richard Finney, “Uyghur Attackers Came From 'Religious Family'”, in Mamatjan Juma, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2015-09-19:

A township in Kashgar, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Aykol

On August 7, on the eve of the Eid holiday marking the end of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan, police in Aykol township, Aksu prefecture, reportedly sought to prevent residents from another village from engaging in cross-village worship,¹⁰⁵ and detained several Uyghur men for engaging in "illegal religious activities."

2013 October 10, Congressional-Executive Commission on China, Annual Report 2013, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, page 169:

A poor villager named Habibulla Mamut from Aykol Town of Aksu City applied for a position with an electrical appliance company in Hangzhou at a local job fair, was offered the post, and earned RMB55,000 that year, raising himself and his family out of poverty.

2020 September 17, “Full Text: Employment and Labor Rights in Xinjiang”, in huaxia, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2020-09-20:

Authorities in Aykol township of Aksu city (in Chinese, Akesu) city allowed only Uyghurs over the age of 50 to participate in worship services during the holiday on July 20-23, the officer from the district’s police station told RFA last week.[...]The senior police officer in Aykol told RFA that more than 170 Uyghurs accused of violating regulations regarding Eid prayers are currently being held in custody, though he said he could not comment on their whereabouts or whether they were being detained in “re-education” camps or detention centers.[...]Following this year’s Eid prayers in Aksu, police checked the identification cards and searched the homes of those who attended prayer services to verify that they were over 50 years old, said an Aykol resident who declined to be named for safety reasons.

2021 July 30, Shohret Hoshur, Roseanne Gerin, “Police in China’s XUAR Question Uyghurs For Attending Eid Prayers Without Permission”, in Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2021-07-30:

A town in Aksu, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang, China

August 2013 was a particularly violent month. On the eve of the Id al Fitr festival that signifies the end of Ramadan, clashes between police and local Uyghurs in Kargilik (Yecheng) County, which lies between Kashgar and Khotan, left between fifteen and twenty-two Uyghurs dead and there was further violence that month at Aykol, a township in Poskam (Zepu) County to the south of Yarkand, also at the end of Ramadan.

2019, Michael Dillon, Xinjiang in the Twenty-First Century: Islam, Ethnicity and Resistance, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 264:

A township in Poskam, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China

A village in Aykol, Poskam, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China


Tokkuzak

In Tokkuzak town of Kashgar, over hundred students and teachers were arrested for performing collective prayer.

2005 July 20, Rebiya Kadeer, “Letter from Rebiya Kadeer, Human Rights Activist, to the Congress of the United States”, in Falun Gong and China's Continuing War on Human Rights, →OCLC, page 3:

Chinese President Xi Jinping (C) poses for a group photo with pupils and teachers of the central primary school in Tokkuzak Township, Shufu County, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, April 28, 2014. Xi made an inspection tour in Xinjiang from April 27 to 30.

2014 May 4, “President Xi Jinping makes inspection tour in Xinjiang (4)”, in People's Daily, archived from the original on 2021-05-02:

A teacher instructs a student in calligraphy at the central primary school in Tokkuzak Township, Shufu County, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.

2017, Jia Zhao, Huang Xiaoxi, “Clapper talk, calligraphy changing Uygur life”, in Shanghai Daily:

The official could not say which of Gulnisa’s poems got her arrested, what crime Gulnisa had been charged with, or whether she had a trial. But he did confirm that she is serving her sentence in Mush Women’s prison in Tokkuzak (Toukezhake) township in Kashgar (Kashi) prefecture.

2021 December 15, Shohret Hoshur, “Uyghur poet imprisoned on separatism charges in China’s Xinjiang”, in Roseanne Gerin, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2021-12-15:

A town in Shufu, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China


Shaptul

Farther on we passed the villages of Kazan Kul and Shaptul ; a weekly market is held at the latter.
"Beyond Fyzabad habitations became scarcer, and ceased altogether at Yengi Awat, forty-six miles from Kashgar.

1876, Thomas Edward Gordon, The Roof of the World, Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, →OCLC, page 69:

Officials in Hotan (Hetian) prefecture’s Qaraqash (Moyu) county recently told RFA that they had been ordered to send 40 percent of area residents to re-education camps, and said they were having trouble meeting the quota.
Authorities in Peyziwat’s Shaptul township have said they were informed at an online staff meeting in June that 80 percent of people arrested there were to be “severely punished,” or jailed.
Reports suggest similar orders have been given in other areas of the region, and that authorities are detaining as many Uyghurs as possible in re-education camps and jail, regardless of their age, prior service to the Communist Party, or the severity of the accusations against them.

2017 October 31, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Uyghur ‘Political Criminals’ Jailed Without Trial in Xinjiang’s Kashgar Prefecture”, in Alim Seytoff, Mamatjan Juma, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2017-11-01:

In Shaptul Township, farmers had not yet received their land contracts, and since this situation and farmer's conditions did not see any significant change betwen the two fieldworks, in 2012 the research team decided to choose a random sample of farmers for informal interviews, even if their contracts had not been distributed yet.

2020, Alessandra Cappelletti, Socio-Economic Development in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region: Disparities and Power Struggle in China's North-West, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 244:

But a Communist Party cadre in Peyziwat’s Shaptul township told RFA on Feb. 17 that area roads had been closed off and local officials have been too busy to bring supplies to families confined to their homes as part of the quarantine there, which went into effect on Jan. 23.

2020 February 26, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Uyghur Former Detainee of Xinjiang Internment Camp Denied Treatment Amid Coronavirus Quarantine”, in Elise Anderson, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2020-02-27:

A town in Payzawat, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China, formerly a township


Poskam

There was once, long, long ago, a very old man who was a saint, and whom everyone revered. He lived in a little shop and made, better than anyone, chereks, which are fine Chinese boots of a special shape of which he has left the secret, and which are only made in Poskam.

1909, Henry de Bouillane de Lacoste, translated by J. G. Anderson, Around Afghanistan, London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd., →OCLC, →OL, page 106:

Poskam (Zepu) County is 30 km to the east of Yarkand and is the petroleum and natural gas producing hub of southern Xinjiang. The Tajik Ethnic village in Poskam County consists of a few smaller settlements scattered around the Boyluq area.

2019, Dagikhudo Dagiev, Carole Faucher, editors, Identity, History and Trans-Nationality in Central Asia (Central Asian Studies Series), →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL:

Subtype ST3 was dominant in most of the counties surveyed, with ST1 appearing to be the predominant subtype in the Lop county and only ST1 being identified in the Poskam county (Table 1).

2020, Meng Qi et al., “Genetic diversity of Blastocystis in kindergarten children in southern Xinjiang, China”, in Parasites & Vectors, volume 13, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

In an article posted in 2018 on the Chinese social media platform WeChat, Behtiyar Ablimit, a committee member of the ruling Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in Poskam county in southern Xinjiang, attested to the government’s proscription of nikah, while contradicting Chinese official statements, which often emphasize that the religious rights of Uighurs are “fully respected” in Xinjiang.

2020 October 2, Asim Kashgarian, “Uighur Couple, Official’s Article Confirm China’s Ban on Islamic Marriage Vow”, in Voice of America, archived from the original on 2020-10-05:

A county of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China


Seyli

An official from neighboring Kashgar (Kashi) prefecture’s Poskam (Zepu) county, who also asked to remain unnamed, told RFA that authorities have been instructed to “make sure that everything is safe” while patrolling the streets of the county, and that they had been provided with notebooks including a list of “the names and pictures of individuals on record” to be detained.
One suspect on the list was identified as Abdusemet Metkerim, 23, from Talbagh village, in Poskam’s Seyli township.
“He had illegal religious video materials in his possession,” the official said of Metkerim, adding that authorities had issued a warrant in the young man’s name in September.

2018 January 8, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Uyghur Detentions Continue in Xinjiang, Despite Pledge to End With Party Congress”, in Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2018-01-09:


Yilkiqi

Chinese authorities have shot dead at least 15 ethnic Uyghurs in a desert area in Xinjiang, accusing them of terrorism and illegal religious activity, in the latest violence to rock the troubled northwestern region of China, according to police sources.
They were among a group of more than 20 Uyghurs surrounded and fired upon by police in a lightning raid last week in the Yilkiqi township in Kargilik (in Chinese, Yecheng) county in Kashgar prefecture, the sources said.

2013 August 25, Shohret Hoshur, Parameswaran Ponnudurai, “At Least 15 Uyghurs Killed in Police Shootout in Xinjiang”, in Mamatjan Juma, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2021-04-01:

In August, paramilitary police officers not far from Kashgar shot at least 32 men, killing a dozen, during a raid on what was described as a secret “munitions center”; a few days later at least a dozen other Uighurs were killed as they prayed at a farmhouse in Yilkiqi township, according to Radio Free Asia. The authorities said the men were taking part in “illegal religious activities” and training for a terrorist attack, but did not provide further details.

2013 October 7, Andrew Jacobs, “Uighurs in China Say Bias Is Growing”, in New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-10-08, Asia Pacific:

In August, a Chinese policeman was killed in an incident in Yilkiqi described by state media as an “anti-terrorism” operation, but overseas media said 22 Uighurs were shot dead in the confrontation.

2013 December 17, Agence France-Presse, “Clash in China's Xinjiang kills 16”, in Dhaka Tribune, volume 1, number 263, page 6:

In the only state media reference to an August 2013 incident in Yilkiqi, the Kashgar Daily reported on the heroism of a member of the security forces who was allegedly killed during a clash with so-called terrorists. By contrast, Radio Free Asia reported that 22 Uighurs were gunned down while at prayer. According to local sources, the bodies of the dead were buried in a mass grave in order to cover up the killings.

2013, Alim Seytoff, “China's darkest corner”, in Index on Censorship, volume 42, number 4, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-01-22, page 116:

In 2013, four major incidents took place in Xinjiang.[...]Subsequently, on 20 August, 15 Uighurs were killed by police in a^([sic]) 'anti-terror campaign' in Yilkiqi township in Yecheng (Kargilik) county in Kashgar prefecture.

2014, Srikanth Kondapalli, “Internal Security Challenges in China”, in Satish Kumar, editor, India's National Security: Annual Review 2013, Routledge, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 303:

A police helicopter had monitored the group at a house in Yilkiqi township in the southwestern Xinjiang prefecture of Kashgar for a week.

2016, Edward Mickolus, Terrorism, 2013-2015: A Worldwide Chronology, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 85:

A township in Kargilik, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China


Yengimehelle

From Uyghur يېڭىمەھەللە (yë'ngimehelle).

The group was set up at the end of January to assist police in their investigation into the flag-burning incident that occurred at Xaniqa mosque in the county’s Yengimehelle township.

2015 April 16, Shohret Hoshur, Roseanne Gerin, “Police Conduct Raids in Xinjiang a Year After Flag Burning at Mosque”, in Shohret Hoshur, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2015-10-24:

A town in Xayar, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang, China, formerly a township.

According to an April 24 report on the Peyziwat (Jiashi) county (Kashgar district) government Web site, government and Communist Party officials in Yéngi Mehelle (Yingmaili) township gathered the büwi of 10 local villages for training in government and Party policy toward religion and to sign a pledge to "uphold stability." Based on the pledge, the women will refrain from "wearing veils or long dresses, teaching religious texts to students, and forcing other individuals to participate in religious activities."

[2009 August 20, “Xinjiang Authorities Train, Seek to Regulate Muslim Women Religious Figures”, in Congressional-Executive Commission on China, archived from the original on 2014-09-19:

A township in Payzawat, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Xayar

The copper seal of the Qiang elders was unearthed at Sheket in Xayar County in 1958.

1989, 郑平 [Zheng Ping], 洛安吉 [Luo Anji], transl., 新疆风物志 [Xinjiang: the Land and the People], Beijing: New World Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 150:

Akkum slope zone: Luntai fracture is this zone's northern boundary. It extends south to near Tarim He and the western boundary is near Xayar County.

1990 May 21, Kang Yuzhu, “Results of Hydrocarbon Exploration in Tarim Basin”, in JPRS Report Science and Technology China: Energy, page 26:

Figure 2 illustrates a series of temperatures at Xayar, southern Xinjiang that was reconstructed using a correlation between temperature and a tree ring index. Compared with the average temperature in the last 170 years, the temperature was lower from early this century to the 1920s. It has increased since the late 1920s.

1994, Zhang Guoan, Yang Qing, Jiao Jian, Su Minggang, “Climatic Change and Its Environmental Effects During This Century in Xinjiang, China”, in Richard G. Zepp, editor, Climate-Biosphere Interactions: Biogenic Emissions and Environmental Effects of Climate Change, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 281:

Internet cafes in Aksu prefecture's Shayar county are frequented by young men from the mostly Muslim Uyghur ethnic group. But the cafes are staffed by Chinese workers who mistreat their clientele, Uyghurs there said.

[2009 February 6, Shohret Hoshur, Joshua Lipes, “Ethnic Tensions in Xinjiang’s Internet Cafes”, in Shohret Hoshur, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2009-04-23:

Xayar County is located in the Ugen River Basin which is one of the branches of the Tarim River.

2014, C.A. Brebbia, H. Bjornlund, editors, Sustainable Irrigation and Drainage V: Management, Technologies and Policies, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 4:

Xinjiang Xayar Prison is located in Xayar County, Aksu District, Southern Xinjiang, which is about 1,130 kilometers away from Urumqi.

2019, Han Lianchao, Cotton: The Fabric Full of Lies, Citizen Power Initiatives for China, page 42:

A county of Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang, China


Aqal

Barred Warbler Sylvia nisoria 5+ males holding territory in a popular grove in Aqal town. Described as rare in China (Cheng 1987).

1992, R. Grimmett, H. Taylor, “Recent bird observations from Xinjiang Autonomous Region, China, 16 June to 5 July 1988”, in Forktail, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 146:

Separated by the line from Aksu, through Aqal to Markit, a suite of varicoloured mudstone, silty mudstone and sandy conglomerate interbeds with intercalations of andesite, basalt and dacite outcrops in the east, and in the west there is a set of granular carbonate and grey-back sandy mudstone interbeds with the[…]

1996, Field Trip Guide: Stratigraphy, Paleontology, Sedimentology, Petroleum and Coal Geology, volume 1, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 1112-10:

At Aqal, the Middle Ordovician Qilang and Yingan formations are c. 320 m thick, but are completely absent in the Mystery Canyon, 100 km to the west.

2009, Sebastian Turner, Structural Evolution of the Northwest Tarim Basin, China, Imperial College London, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-03-02, page 64:

A town in Kalpin, Aksu prefecture, Xinjiang, China, formerly a township


Kalpin

Chinese authorities in the restive far western region of Xinjiang have demolished a mosque for refusing to put up signs in support of this August's Beijing Olympics, an exiled group said on Monday.
The mosque was in Kalpin county near Aksu city in Xinjiang's rugged southwest, the World Uyghur Congress said.

2008 June 23, Ben Blanchard, “China demolishes mosque for not supporting Olympics: group”, in Nick Macfie, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2016-04-04, World:

A quake hit the juncture of Kalpin and Akqi counties, in [the] Tianshan Mountains, northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, late Friday, Feb 20, 2009, affecting more than 14,800 people.

2009 February 25, “Quakeproof houses in NW China prove stable”, in Sina Corp, archived from the original on 2009-03-02:

Strain TRM 45387T was isolated from a saline-alkali soil collected from Kalpin county, Xinjiang Province, north-west China (40° 22′ N 79° 08′ E).

2015, Ling-Ling Lv, Yue-Feng Zhang, Li-Li Zhang, “Glycomyces tarimensis sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from a saline-alkali habitat”, in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, volume 65, number 5, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

Another company with ties to U.S. businesses is Xinjiang Nuodun Garment, which has made several shipments of men’s and women’s trousers to four companies in the U.S. The supplier was founded in July 2017, a few months after the re-education policy kicked off, and is based in Kalpin county, Aksu prefecture.

2019 November 16, Juozapas Bagdonas, “Tracking Down the Fruits of Xinjiang’s Forced Labor Industry”, in The Diplomat, archived from the original on 2019-11-16: