Guyuan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 固原 (Gùyuán).

Pengyang county was administered by Guyuan before 1988. In contrast to Guyuan, Pengyang is relatively wealthy.

2004, Peter Ho, “The Wasteland Auction Policy in Northwest China: Solving Environmental Degradation and Rural Poverty?”, in Rural Development in Transitional China: The New Agriculture, →ISBN, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 125:

Mr. Zhang said a main goal of moving people from Xihaigu was to turn the hills green, with a parallel planting program. More than two million acres have been converted to forest and pasture land, he said, citing the Guyuan area, where forest coverage was 22 percent last year, up from 4 percent in the 1980s.

2016 October 25, Edward Wong, “Resettling China’s ‘Ecological Migrants’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-10-27, World:

A prefecture-level city in Ningxia, China.


Zhongwei

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 中衛／中卫 (Zhōngwèi).

The Central Weather Bureau in Taipei pinpointed the epicenter of the August 16 earthquake on the Chinese mainland at a spot in the vicinity of Chungwei, Ninghsia province.[…]
Chungwei is located on a railway near the Great Wall. It is close to the boundary of Kansu. The earthquake was powerful enough to damage the ancient wall, according to seismologists.

[1976 August 22, “Second quake”, in 自由中國週報 [Free China Weekly], volume XVII, number 33, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3, column 3:

WE GET OFF the train in the town of Zhongwei in the largely Muslim Ningxia autonomous region.

1980 March, Rick Gore, “Journey to China's Far West”, in National Geographic Magazine, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 310, column 1:

At Zhongwei we disembarked to visit a place named Shapotou, which means "at the head of a sandy slope." The name describes the location, the edge of the Tengger, a shamo where dunes creep along the foothills of the Xiangshan, an east-west mountain range.

1982, The Desert Realm, National Geographic Society, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 223:

The new projects approved by the commission include a rail link between Taiyuan, the capital of Shanxi Province in central China, and the city of Zhongwei in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in the northwest, state media reported.

2006 July 3, David Lague, “China devotes funds to impoverished west - Business - International Herald Tribune”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-12, International Business:


Namcha Barwa

Today, with nearly all the great peaks already climbed (except Namcha Barwa, 25,700 feet, which the Chinese are reserving for themselves, having tried and failed three times so far), mountaineers try for new and harder routes, as well as faster times, forever narrowing the safety margin.

1985 March 7, Michael Kernan, “Call of the Climb”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-09-01:

A mountain in Mêdog, Nyingchi, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.


Nagqu

The Dalai Lama gave few details about the boy or how he was discovered. He said only that the child was born in the Lhari district in Nagqu four months after the previous Panchen Lama died in January 1989.

1995 May 15, “Tibet Buddhists Call Boy, 6, Reincarnation of No. 2 Monk”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-03-05, Section A, page 6:

A prefecture-level city in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China.


Bei'an

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 北安 (Běi'ān).

Inside back: Wheat harvest at the Pei-an County State Farm, Heilungkiang province.

[1972 January, China Reconstructs, volume XXI, number 1, China Welfare Institute, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1:

Han and originally from Bei’an, a city further south in Heilongjiang known for its high-security jail, large psychiatric facility and a preponderance of criminal gangs, he was now running his own English school in Heihe.

2014, David Eimer, “Along the Amur”, in The Emperor Far Away: Travels at the Edge of China, Bloomsbury USA, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 297:

A county-level city in Heihe, Heilongjiang, China.


Lingwu

Savings deposits of some of the commune peasants in Wuchung and Lingwu counties, where people of the Hui nationality live in compact communities, increased by more than 30 percent and 100 percent respectively last year. In four people's communes in Lingwu County where 92 percent of the population is of the Hui nationality, total grain output last year topped 1976 by 70 percent and considerable progress was made in the diverisfied^([sic – meaning diversified]) economy.

1978 January 27 [1978 January 27], “Grain Production, Bank Savings Increase in Ningsia”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 19, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Peking NCNA, →ISSN, →OCLC, page M 1:

The stone implements unearthed along with Hetao Man are very small in size. In spite of some similarities, they are markedly different from those found at Shuidonggou in Lingwu County in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Therefore, the stone implements of these two sites should not be classified together into a “Hetao Culture” (Ordos Culture).

1980, Atlas of Primitive Man in China, Beijing: Science Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 127:

Our hardest day now lay ahead. The road made a big detour to the south via Lingwu, crossing the Yellow River by the only bridge for many miles before turning north again for Yinchuan, the capital of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.

1987, Robin Hanbury-Tenison, “Between the Desert and the Green”, in A Ride Along the Great Wall, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 150:

Yongning county is only 12.9 percent Hui, a relatively small minority in contrast to neighboring Lingwu county in the southeast, which is 47 percent Hui, and southern Jingyuan county, which is 97 percent Hui (the highest concentration of Hui in one county in China, see Map 2).

1991, Dru C. Gladney, Muslim Chinese, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 119:

For the next two centuries, Nestorian Christianity, known as Jing Jiao (“Resplendent Religion”) in Chinese, spread within the empire, with churches in cities as far apart as Lingwu (in present-day Ningxia), Chengdu and Guangzhou.

2018 March 21, Wee Kek Koon, “What happened to China’s early Christians and why did the Nestorian doctrine die out?”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2018-03-24:

A county-level city in Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.


Yumen

Rich oil has been found in the vicinity of Yumen County north of the Chilien, and a new oil city has been built there.

1958, Chun-heng Wang, “The Shensi-Kansu-Chinghai Region”, in A Simple Geography of China (China Knowledge Series), Peking: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, page 202:

Irrigation systems expanded agriculture, and Yü-men, in the early 1960s, was rapidly growing into a transport and petroleum centre, with refineries, by-product plants, and oil-well machinery plants.

[1964, Joseph Earle Spencer, “YÜ-MEN”, in Encyclopedia Britannica, volume 23, →OCLC, page 926B, column 1:

After landing at Chiuchuan, we set out immediately up a macadamised highway to the oil municipality of Yumen situated up on the slopes of the Chilien Mountains in what was once known as Yumen County.

1973, Rewi Alley, “Through the Kansu Panhandle and Down the Old Silk Road”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XII, number 6, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 20, column 2:

Yumen is in a high-altitude corner of the poor northwestern province of Gansu. A single oil field is its gushing but fragile economic base.

2008 April 17, “Many of China's 'resource' towns are dying”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-05-24, International Business:

A county-level city in Jiuquan, Gansu, China, formerly a county.


Altyn Tagh

From Uyghur ئالتۇن تاغ (altun tagh, “golden mountain”).

der

THIS is a personal story, with a physical background stretching from the River Don in Russia across Siberia, down through Mongolia and Northwestern China to the lofty, inhospitable Altyn Tagh, first step to the Kunlun ranges bordering Tibet.

1942 October 4, Jane Spence Southron, “Secret Army; THE GOLDEN HORDE. By La Selle Gilman. 466 pp. New York Smith & Durrell. $2.75.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-08:

Tibet is awash in superlatives. It is the highest country on earth and the most mountainous, with three-quarters of the country’s territory lying at 16,000 feet or higher, a full three miles above sea level. It’s ringed by world-class mountain ranges on three sides. In the north, the Altyn Tagh range separates Tibet from China’s Xinjiang province and the Gobi desert.

2011, Stephan Talty, “An Examination of Prior Memories”, in Escape from the Land of Snows (History), New York: Crown Publishers, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 12:

From the Qaidam basin, trains will tunnel through the Altyn-Tagh — a mountain range that separates the eastern Tarim basin from the Tibetan plateau.

2019 June 29, Atul Aneja, “The inescapable revival of the Tarim basin”, in The Hindu, archived from the original on 2020-11-07:


Greater Khingan

"I swear the real Jonathan Marl is miles away in the Great Khingan Range in the gulag at Pokotu."[…]
"What about Jonathan?"
"That he was being held prisoner in Manchuria, Pokotu in the Great Khingan Range to be exact."

[1984 December, Gloria Vitanza Basile, chapter 26, in The Sting of the Scorpion (Global 2000 Trilogy), volume III (Fiction), New York: Pinnacle Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 463, 464:

The north Eurasian plain is not only Russia's geographical setting, but also her fate. From the Carpathians in the west to the Greater Khingan range in the east, a huge expanse of flat, open territory dominates the Eurasian continent.

2001 July 8, Geoffrey Hosking, “"Russia and the Russians: A History"”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-16, First Chapter:

The second outbreak is in the remote Greater Khingan Mountains in Inner Mongolia, where 210 of the 222 wild boar raised on the farm died, the ministry said in a separate statement. The rest have been slaughtered, it said.

2019 February 24, Ben Blanchard, Hou Xiangming, “China reports two new African swine fever outbreaks”, in Himani Sarkar, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-05-25, ワールド:

The Company’s current facility is located in Tahe County, Heilongjiang Province, near the Greater Khingan Range, in close proximity to its suppliers.

2022 January 31, “CN Energy’s Subsidiary Completes New Manufacturing Facility”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-30:


Shizuishan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 石嘴山 (Shízuǐshān).

I again entered civilization at Shih-tsui-tzu (officially called Shih-tsui-shan), a wretched town of 700 or 800 houses in a barren sandy plain. Three or four miles further south, however, I entered a very fertile region, between the Yellow river and the rugged A-la-shan, watered by five canals, which are supplied with water from the Yellow river, and which distribute it through countless irrigation channels over the surrounding fields.

[1911 March, George Pereira, “A Journey Across the Ordos”, in The Geographical Journal, volume XXXVII, number 3, London: Royal Geographical Society, page 264:

Moving west from Paotowchen there is only one highway, which many camel trains from Kansu follow in winter, but which is almost deserted in summer when the Yellow River is ice free. This road leads through Santaoho, a Roman Catholic Mission village near the elbow of the river, through Shihtsuishan, where there is a carefully guarded pass and a large garrison, and on into the populous Ninghsia district of Kansu, altogether an eighteen day journey of about 1,300 11 through thinly settled country in which a pestilence would travel with difficulty and in which it could have been most effectually checked at any of half a dozen points.

[1918 April, Rodney Gilbert, “Pneumonic Plague in China”, in Asia, volume XVIII, number 4, American Asiatic Association, page 344, columns 2, 3:

In Shizuishan, Ningxia's northernmost city, there was only one mainly Yihewani mosque before 1949, later destroyed in 1966.

1991, Dru C. Gladney, Muslim Chinese, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 162:

Tuesday morning’s explosion occurred at a small coal mine when 20 miners were working underground in the city of Shizuishan in the northwestern region of Ningxia, the official Xinhua News Agency said. State broadcaster CCTV had said in the morning that the blast had killed 19 people, but later reported 18 deaths.[…]
Calls to the Shizuishan city government Wednesday rang unanswered.

2016 September 28, “Explosion kills 18 in ‘illegal’ coal mine in northern China”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-07-21:


Yalong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 雅礱／雅砻.

Even among the tributaries of the two great rivers of China, many rivers may be found of considerable length, and some scarcely inferior to the largest rivers of Europe. At the head of these are the Han-shwuy, which, rising in the mountains between Shense and Kansuh, empties itself into the Yang-tsze-keang at Han-yang-Foo, in Hoopih,—and the Ya-lung-keang, which rises in Kokonor, and after running for some time nearly parallel with the Yang-tsze-keang, empties itself into that river on the borders of Szechuen and Kansuh.

[1832 June, Le Ming-che Tsing-lae, “Ta Tsing Wan-neen Yih-tung King-wei Yu-too,—"A general geographical map, with degrees of latitude and longitude, of the Empire of the Ta-tsing Dynasty—may it last for ever."”, in The Chinese Repository, volume I, number 2, Canton, →OCLC, page 38:

Even among the tributaries of the two great rivers of China, many rivers may be found of cansiderable^([sic – meaning considerable]) length, and some scarcely inferior to the largest rivers of Europe. At the head of these are the Han-shwuy, which, rising in the mountains between Shense and Kansuh, empties itself into the Yangtsze keäng at Hanyang foo, in Hoopih,—and the Yalung keäng, which rises in Koko-nor, and after running for some time nearly parallel with the Yangtsze keäng, empties itself into that river on the borders of Szechuen and Kansuh.

[1833 [1832 June], Le Mingche Tsinglae, “Ta Tsing Wan-neën Yih-tung King-wei Yu-too,—"A general geographical map, with degrees of latitude and longitude, of the Empire of the Ta Tsing Dynasty—may it last for ever."”, in The Chinese Repository, 2nd edition, volume I, number 2, Canton, →OCLC, page 38:

A bridge over the Yalong River in Ganzi County, in Sichuan Province.

2008 April 3, Michael Benanav, “Caught Between a Crackdown and a Tibetan Welcome”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2008-04-06, Travel:

I was just a few kilometres outside Garze on the Yalong River, which started its journey on the Qinghai plateau and ended over 1,300 kilometres later when it poured into the Yangtze in the very southernmost corner of Sichuan.

2016, Richard Loseby, chapter 10, in A Boy of China (Non-fiction), HarperCollins, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 131:


Dasi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 大寺.

The rain, which started on Wednesday evening, hit the northern part of the city the hardest. Dasi township in the suburban Xiqing district was the worst-affected area, receiving 34.5 centimeters of rain, according to the Tianjin Meteorological Bureau.

2012 July 27, “Tianjin hit with heavy rainfall”, in China Internet Information Center, archived from the original on 2012-07-28:

A town in Xiqing district, Tianjin, China.


Xiong'an New Area

Partial calque from Mandarin 雄安新區／雄安新区 (Xióng'ān Xīnqū).

zh-l

雄安新區／雄安新区 (Xióng'ān Xīnqū)

But on Saturday, China declared that an area that sprawls across three local counties will someday become Xiongan New Area, a gleaming economic powerhouse reminiscent of earlier developments that helped put China’s economy on its fast-growth trajectory.

[2017 April 3, Ailin Tang, “Within Hours, Plans for a Quiet Corner of China Send Home Prices Soaring”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-04-03, Business:

In planning and building the Xiong’an New Area [part of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei coordinated development program], under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee we should follow the underlying principle of seeking progress while maintaining stability, and reinforcing and implementing the new development concepts.

2018, Xi Jinping, The Governance of China, volume II, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 260:

Around 1.2 million people in Xiong'an New Area -- a new economic zone 100 kilometres southwest of Beijing -- are no longer allowed to enter or leave their residential compounds, local virus prevention staff confirmed to AFP on Friday.
[...]While there have been a number of national-level "New Areas" across China, Xiong'an stands out with its location personally designated by President Xi Jinping, according to state media.

2022 January 28, “China quietly locks down area near Beijing with Olympics a week away”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2022-01-28:


Xibaipo

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 西柏坡 (Xībǎipō).

On April 22, 1948, P'eng Teh-huai's troops recovered Yenan. In May, Mao Tse-tung and the headquarters of the CCP Central Committee moved from northern Shensi to Hsipaipo Village, Pingshan Hsien, Hopei Province in anticipation of an early nationwide victory.

[1967, Franklin W. Houn, “The Final Conquest of Power: 1945-1949”, in A Short History of Chinese Communism, Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 71:

On the eighteenth of April, Chou En-lai, who had been away on another mission, arrived at Hsi-pai-p’o, a small community a few miles northwest of the city of Shih-chia-chuang in Hopeh province. The Chairman did not join him there until the twenty-seventh of May, whereupon they settled into Hsi-pai-p’o for what turned out to be ten months. Then the Chairman moved on to their final destination, the ancient capital of Peking, less than two hundred miles to the northeast. At Hsi-pai-p’o the Chairman continued to write prolifically (on land reform, Party discipline, military strategy, and the KMT).

[1977, Roxane Witke, “On the Road to Peking”, in Comrade Chiang Ch’ing, Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, pages 217–218:

In a square in front of a Communist Party memorial hall at Xibaipo in northern China, row upon row of party members stood, raised their fists and chanted the party oath in unison.[...]
Xibaipo was an important Communist Party base during China's civil war, which ended in 1949 with the victorious communists sweeping to power.[...]
Party researchers and officials told Reuters the large numbers of visitors at Xibaipo reflects a national push to get people, especially party members and cadres, to get involved with the upcoming anniversary.
Schools are also taking part. At Xibaipo, in Hebei province, a large group of students was lined up, given small national flags and told to recite their Communist Youth League oaths, just as the senior party members were doing.

2021 May 25, Martin Pollard, “Chinese visit 'red' sites ahead of 100th Communist Party anniversary”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-05-25:

A town in Pingshan, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, in northeastern China.


Pingshan

THE remains of the capital of the State of Chungshan founded by nomadic people from the north provide additional insight into life in the Warring States period (475-221 B.C.). Excavation was done between 1974 and 1977 in present-day Pingshan county, which is just northwest of the city of Shihchiachuang in western Hopei province.

1979 January, “Capital of One of the Warring States”, in China Reconstructs, volume XXVIII, number 1, China Welfare Institute, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 40, column 1:

And the hotels for pilgrims at Mt. Wu-t’ai were not the only ones in China: at the Yün-chü monastery of Mount Fang (in P’ing-shan county in modern Hopeh) there was an “equitable refectory” (i-fan t’ing).¹⁴⁹ Some chapels were even constructed for the specific purpose of providing a shelter to travelers.

[1995, Jacques Gernet, “The Circuit of Giving”, in Franciscus Verellen, transl., Buddhism in Chinese Society: An Economic History from the Fifth to the Tenth Centuries (Studies in Asian Culture), New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 225:

Mr. Cao was born in Pingshan county in Hebei Province, in northern China. He was a composer from the age of 16 and reportedly wrote more than 1,500 songs.

1999 April 28, Eric Pace, “Cao Huoxing, 75; Wrote Patriotic Chinese Music”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-27, World:

Two sisters died after drinking the yogurt, which was placed with a notebook and a pencil in a plastic bag on the way to the other kindergarten in Pingshan County.
Shijiazhuang Intermediate People’s Court in northern China found both the headmaster and the accomplice guilty of poisoning and sentenced them to death, CCTV said.

2014 April 5, “China sentences 2 to death in fatal poisoning”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-09-07:

A county of Shijiazhuang, Hebei, in northeastern China.


Meixian

Borrowed from Mandarin 梅縣／梅县 (Méixiàn) via Hanyu Pinyin.

The first county centre gone through, that of Tsengcheng, was full of new construction. After it, the language on the road right on into the Meihsien prefecture was Hakka.
It took us five hours to get to Hoyuan, where we had lunch and a nap, starting out on the road again at three in the afternoon, and finally coming to rest in Wuhua, our first stop in the Meihsien prefecture, at nine in the evening.

[1977 May, Rewi Alley, “Meihsien—the Great Hakka Centre”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XVI, number 5, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 16:

Mr. Ye's more recent roots are in a county of Guangdong called Meixian, which is now a city in the northeast part of the province.

1990 March 1, Sheryl WuDunn, “A Hero in Canton, a Harbinger of Prosperity”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-05-25:

A former county of Guangdong, China, ancestral home of many Hakka emigrants

Among them, the Minnan and Hakka peoples are collectively called benshengren, as they mostly moved to Taiwan before 1945. Specifically, most Minnan people, nearly 70 percent of Taiwan’s total population, can trace their ancestry to today’s Quanzhou and Zhangzhou in East China’s Fujian province; today’s Longyan city in Fujian province and Meixian district in South China’s Guangdong province are the ancestral homes for the majority of the Hakka people — making up about 15 percent of the total.

2020 July 28, Taiwan Affairs Office, “Basic facts about Taiwan”, in State Council of the People's Republic of China, archived from the original on 2020-07-31:


Tiantongyuan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 天通苑 (Tiāntōngyuàn).

‘Ham’ amateur radio operators in Tiantongyuan, a community in northern Beijing, are using the airwaves to search for an elderly mum who has been missing for over a week.

2006 August 25, Xubo Jiang, “Amateur radio enthusiasts search for missing mum”, in Beijing Review, number 273, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 2, column 1:

Tiantongyuan (天通苑) is an apartment complex and neighborhood in northern Beiing’s Changping District that was established in 1999. As of July 2009 it had over 600,000 residents, and it is the largest of such complexes in Asia. Residents of Tiantongyuan all have access to a website called Jiazhu Tiantongyuan (家住天通苑), which means "living in Tiantongyuan."

2011, Eric Gordon, Adriana de Souza e Silva, “Globalization”, in Net Locality: Why Location Matters in a Networked World, Wiley-Blackwell, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 163:

Another key event was the spontaneous mobilization of the Tiantongyuan neighbourhood in greater Beijing in 2008, which was an effort to modify the route plan of line no.5 of the Beijing subway system so that the neighbourhood could be more conveniently connected.

2011, Chunrong Liu, “Contested ground: community and neighbourhood”, in Xiaowei Zang, editor, Understanding Chinese Society, Routledge, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 72:

Nevertheless, China’s investment in subway systems is overwhelmingly positive. And there are also encouraging signs, too, that Chinese cities are beginning to shape urban development around public transport hubs. For example, Tiantongyuan, a high-density community of giant housing blocks in the suburbs of northern Beijing, has three subway stations.

2012, Tom Miller, China's Urban Billion: The story behind the biggest migration in human history, Zed Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 137:

A community of Changping district, Beijing, China.


Kiang

A romanization of various Mandarin words rendered jiāng, jiáng, jiǎng, or jiàng in pinyin and particularly used for Chinese 江 (Jiāng, “The River”), frequently used in Chinese in specific reference to the Yangtze.

All China was formerly divided by the Chineſe Emperour Xunus into 12 Provinces; afterwards the Emperour Yua, who took upon him the Government after the death of Xunus, about 260 years before the Incarnation of our Saviour, reduced all China into Nine Provinces, which only at that time comprehended the Northern Parts of China, and had for their Confines the River Kiang. But after that they had Conquered the Southern parts by degrees, and had ſomewhat civilized the Inhabitants, the whole Kingdom of China was divided into 15 Provinces : Amongſt theſe alſo they reckon the Province of Leaotung, which is ſituated on the Weſt of Peking, where the great Wall begins, and the Hanging Iſland of Corea; both which pay Tribute to the Emperour.

1669 [1665], John Nievhoff, translated by John Ogilby, An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, translation of original in Dutch, →OCLC, page 6:

The series of these great events began in the year 1333, fifteen years before the plague broke out in Europe: they first appeared in China. Here a parching drought, accompanied by famine, commenced in the tract of country watered by the rivers Kiang and Hoai.

1888, J. F. C. Hecker, “Causes.-Spread.”, in B. G. Babington, transl., The Black Death and the Dancing Mania, →OCLC, page 24:

The cult center of this vast playground for water spirits and connoisseurs of water was on the mainland in a region on the east shore of the lake that came to be known as Pa-ling. Its official name in T’ang times was sometimes Yüeh-yang and sometimes Yüeh-chou. This is where the waters of the lake merged with those of the Hsiang and the Kiang—but then their shores were certainly contoured differently than now. This worshipful place was at the northern limit of the goddess's domain; still it remained the most ancient and venerable heart of that domain. It had been a sacred center in the distant past, belonging to the marshes of Yün-meng "Cloud Dream," extending north and south on both sides of the Kiang,⁴¹ in the kingdom of Ch’u:

1973, Edward H. Schafer, “The Medieval Cult of the Great Water Goddesses”, in The Divine Woman: Dragon Ladies and Rain Maidens in T’ang Literature, University of California Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 58:

(obsolete) Synonym of Yangtze, the chief river of central China.


Heaven Lake

Thirteenth in population (30,000,000) among the world’s nations, but only 42nd in area, Korea is washed on three sides by salt water—the Japan Sea, the Korea Strait, and the Yellow Sea (see map). It can be said to begin with a mountain, the far northern peak of Paektu (White Head), coated with glistening pumice and sheltering in its ancient crater the deep Dragon Prince’s Pool.

[1950 July 24, “Background for War”, in Time, volume LVI, number 4, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 30:

More than half of the visitors to Changbaishan are families, and many come from big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou in the south.[…]
Many visitors also make the journey up the mountain, about 12 miles from the resort, in a series of buses and death-defying van rides — a day trip that affords the meteorologically fortunate with a view of Heaven Lake in its crater.

2015 August 11, Anna Fifield, “‘Is this really China?’ Euro-style resort offers a slow haven for a new elite.”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-09-10, World:

Today the volcano that straddles the border between China and North Korea is tranquil. Hot springs simmer on the surrounding peaks, wild blueberries grow on its green slopes and a crystal-clear pool called Heaven Lake fills its crater.

2016 December 9, Nicholas St. Fleur, “Only a Rumbling Volcano Could Make North Korea and the West Play Nice”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-12-09, Science:

Moon and Kim took a cable car together to Heaven Lake, a caldera at the top of the mountain, and walked around the area with their wives and officials from both sides.
Pictures showed Moon and Kim smiling and posing with their wives, and Moon filling a bottle with water from the lake.
“The Chinese envy us because they can’t go down to the lake from their side but we can,” Kim said.
“We should write another chapter of history between the North and the South by reflecting our new history on this Heaven Lake.”

2018 September 20, Hyonhee Shin, Joyce Lee, Soyoung Kim, Haejin Choi, Pyongyang Press Corps., “Fulfilling a dream, South Korea's Moon visits sacred North Korean mountain with Kim”, in Lincoln Feast, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2018-11-13, World News:

It left behind a spectacular caldera, with steep walls plunging down from the rim to the shores of Chonji crater lake -- Heaven Lake in English -- with the China frontier running through its placid blue waters.
Made up of rainwater and snowmelt, it is the source of the two rivers that form the border, the Tumen running to the northeast and the Amnok to the southwest, known as the Yalu in China, where the mountain is called Changbaishan.

2019 September 19, “The cataclysm that created a Korean icon”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2022-04-30:

A lake in Mount Paektu on the border between Jilin, China and Samjiyon, Ryanggang Province, North Korea.


Kosrap

Sources contacted by the UAA were not able to confirm the details of the account in the official reports. However, sources living nearby the village where the raid is thought to have taken place – a village called Kosrap in Aktu County, around 20 miles south of Kashgar – do report a significantly increased security presence. UAA’s sources claim police are checking identity papers and searching vehicles in the vicinity of Kosrap Village; meanwhile, official reports claim that police are still searching for people who escaped from the alleged camp, supposedly either before or during the raid.

2007 January 9, Uyghur American Association, “East Turkestan: Claims of Uyghur Terrorism Still Lack Substance”, in Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, archived from the original on 2010-09-03:

A township in Akto, Kizilsu, Xinjiang, China.


Seriqbuya

Borrowed from Uyghur سېرىقبۇيا (sëriqbuya).

Details of the assault were sparse, but the news agency said the attackers in Selibuya had been armed with knives and axes. Calls to the authorities in Kashgar, about 100 miles from the police station, and in the nearby town of Bachu were not answered.[…]
The deputy chief of the police station at Selibuya, Hesen Ablet, told Radio Free Asia that when he got to the station after being summoned to assist, “there were already four or five bodies lying on the ground.”

[2013 November 17, Jane Perlez, “9 Attackers and 2 Officers Reported Killed in Tense Western China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-11-18, Asia Pacific:

As with the Baren incident, there are official and alternative accounts of the events reported in Seriqbuya Town, Maralbeshi (Ch. Bachu) County, Kashgar Prefecture, on 23 April 23 2013.

2019, Pablo A. Rodríguez-Merino, “Old ‘counter-revolution’, new ‘terrorism’: historicizing the framing of violence in Xinjiang by the Chinese state”, in Central Asian Survey, volume 38, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 35:

Prison authorities transferred the prisoners’ bodies to police stations in various Maralbeshi townships, including Seriqbuya, about one week prior to Eid, which marks the end of the Islamic holy month of Ramadan, said a source in Maralbeshi.
The residential committee employee contacted by RFA said she visited Metniyaz’s family about 40 days ago to monitor his funeral.
The delivery of the body created a stir in Seriqbuya town, witnesses said.

2023 May 24, Shohret Hoshur, “Uyghur motorcycle repairman’s corpse released by prison in Kashgar prefecture”, in Roseanne Gerin, Malcom Foster, editors, Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2024-02-01, RFA Uyghur:

A town in Maralbexi, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Koxlax

Hotan River, 400 mi/644 km long, S XINJIANG UYGUR AUTONOMOUS REGION, NW CHINA; rises in KUNLUN mountains in two branches—the Karakax (left) and the Yurungkax (right), which form the HOTAN RIVER at Koxlax; flows N, through TAKLIMAKAN DESERT, but rarely reaching the TARIM.

2008, Saul B. Cohen, editor, The Columbia Gazetteer of the World, 2nd edition, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 1607, column 2:

The upper reaches encompass the river source to the mountain pass, and the middle reaches extend from the mountain pass to the intersection (ie, Koxlax) of the two tributaries. The lower reach includes the river section between the Koxlax and Xiaota Hydrologic Stations with a length of 319 km.

2016, Hongwei Guo et al., “Study of suitable oasis scales based on water resource availability in an arid region of China: a case study of Hotan River Basin”, in Environmental Earth Sciences, volume 75, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

The waters of two rivers, the Yurungkash or Baiyu he 白玉河 (White Jade River) and the Karakash or Heiyu he 黑玉河 (Black Jade River), were indispensable for establishing human culture in Khotan. These two rivers unite near Koxlax (about 200 km north of Khotan) and together form the Khotan River.

2021, The Buddha’s Words and Their Interpretations, Shin Buddhist Comprehensive Research Institute, →ISBN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-10-24, page 137:

A village in Hotan County, Hotan prefecture, Xinjiang, China.


Mazartag

Borrowed from Uyghur مازارتاغ (mazartagh).

In the course of marine incursion and sedimentation, the sea only reached the Wuqia area during the late Eocene, but in Palaeocene - middle Eocene, marine conditions extended eastwards into the desert of the Mazartag area, and southwards, probably into the Aqqik area of Lop.

1996, Zhou Zhiyi, W. T. Dean, editors, Phanerozoic Geology of Northwest China, Beijing: Science Press, →OCLC, page 125:

Several small mountain ranges and chains, composed of sandstones and clays of Cenozoic age (i.e., formed within about the past 65 million years), rise in the western part of the desert. The arc-shaped Mazartag Mountains, located between the Hotan and Yarkand (Ye’erqiang) river valleys, arch toward the southwest.

2011, “Major and Other Notable Deserts of the World”, in John P. Rafferty, editor, Deserts and Steppes, 1st edition, Encyclopedia Britannica, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 106:

Two days later I was in the middle of the Taklamakan desert. I had driven there, along a new road that cuts past a major landmark, the low lying ridge of the Mazartag mountains that come to an abrupt end at the Hetian river. There’s a ruined Tibetan fort on the top of the mountains’ end, overlooking the river. It dates from the 18th century when the Tibetan empire stretched northwards to the Tianshan mountains. Below the fort was the site of a resupply point from the expedition. I wanted to show my children.[...]
We had an eventful drive through a blinding sandstorm, a couple of police checkpoints, and then along a sandy track off the main road that was too much for the car. We dug it out. Then the rain began—rain, in the desert. We set up camp and cooked supper. The wind had died to nothing. It was a beautiful evening. In the west the Mazartag ridge glowed red in the setting sun.

2013 August 25, Mark Kitto, “Phantom enemies”, in Prospect, archived from the original on 2013-08-27, Essays:

A mountain range in Xinjiang, China, in the Taklamakan Desert.


Ulugqat

Geluo Ridge on the upper reaches of the Kizil River is in present-day Ulugqat (Ulugchat), an important mountain pass for going beyond China’s territory on the Silk Road.

1989, Muqi (车慕奇) Che, “From Kizil Thousand-Buddha Grottoes to Kizil River Valley”, in 丝绸之路今昔 [The Silk Road, Past and Present], Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 241:

"Any idea what Paul was doing in Xinjiang?"
"No. The country around Ulugqat is still a forbidden zone."

2004, Old Boys, 1st edition (Fiction), The Overlook Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 18:

One village school near Ulugqat county close to China’s western border said students were prohibited from entering mosques, according to a party-affiliated news site, Pingan Net.

2014 July 4, Michael Martina, “Muslims in China's Xinjiang told to ignore Ramadan customs”, in Nick Macfie, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-08-16, World News:


Renhuai

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 仁懷／仁怀 (Rénhuái).

Upon entering Szechwan they found that the province was strongly defended by both the Central and the local government troops. Therefore they turned back to Tsunyi, pushed on to Jenhuai and Maot’ai where the Red soldiers bathed their tired feet in pools of the vintage wine for which Maot’ai was famous.

[1965, Jerome Chʼên, “The Long March”, in Mao and the Chinese Revolution, Oxford University Press, →OCLC, page 190:

Near the city of Renhuai, a foundation stone has already been laid for Maotai Airport, The Dongfang Daily has reported.

2012 May 30, Didi Kirsten Tatlow, “Do You Know the Way to Wuliangye?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-05-31, Asia Pacific:

A county-level city in Zunyi, Guizhou, China.


Kaying

From Chinese 嘉應／嘉应, likely via Cantonese.

Four of the Maryknoll territories are in South China, the Vicariates of Kongmoon, Wuchow and Kaying and the Prefecture of Kweilin.

1940, John Joseph Considine, When the Sorghum Was High: A Narrative Biography of Father A. Donovan of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, A Maryknoll Missioner Slain by Bandits in Manchukuo, Longmans, Green and Co., page 181:

He had been vicar‐general from 1956 to 1966. He was previously a missionary in Kaying in southern China, receiving the assignment in 1938.

1978 November 29, “Rev. John F. Donovan, A Maryknoll Vicar, 71”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-02-08, Section B, page 12:

In 1925, the Paris society offered Maryknoll another territory in the northeast corner of Kwangtung Province, inhabited by Hakka-speaking people. Father Ford was put in charge, picking Kaying, the Hakka cultural center, as his own main base, and set about developing the area.

1990, Albert J. Nevins, American Martyrs: From 1542, Our Sunday Visitor, Inc., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 139–141:

Interestingly, Nakagawa cites a Chinese translation of Campbell that was published in 1951 by the Perak Public Association of the Hakkas and also in 1923 in Kaying, translated by a Hakka of Meixian district.

1994, Nicole Constable, Christian Souls and Chinese Spirits: A Hakka Community in Hong Kong, University of California, →ISBN, page 36:

After his ordination, he was sent as a Missionary to Guangdong, China. He was appointed the first bishop of Kaying on June 18, 1935. While he was the bishop of Kaying, he built a seminary for the education of native-born Chinese priests.

2016, Landon J. DePasquale, “Ford, Francis Xavier”, in George Thomas Kurian, Mark A. Lamport, editors, Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States, volume 2, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 904, column 1:

A former prefecture of Guangdong, China; now Meizhou.


Xuancheng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 宣城 (Xuānchéng).

On that very day half of a large Japanese force was trapped and completely destroyed near Hsuancheng in East China, 80 miles south of Nanking. It was a Chinese victory which not only helped along the celebration of Double-Ten Day, but added the right note to another important event of the moment, the formal inauguration of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek as President of the Republic.

[1943 October 18, “Double-Ten Day”, in Pathfinder, Washington, D.C.: Pathfinder Company, →OCLC, page 13, column 2:

Trees and houses are submerged by floodwater in a village in Xuancheng, in east China’s Anhui province.

2016 July 21, Angela Fritz, “This year’s monsoon floods are the second-costliest on record in China”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-07-22, Capital Weather Gang:

Take Zhou Hua, the owner of a factory in Xuancheng, China, that months ago made children’s clothing. In February, as the coronavirus swept across his country, he rushed to buy mask machines and spent roughly $500,000 transforming his plant.

2020 April 3, Jack Nicas, “It’s Bedlam in the Mask Market, as Profiteers Out-Hustle Good Samaritans”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-04-03:

A prefecture-level city in Anhui, China.


Longtan

A forest fire brigade member transfers vegetables in Longtan District, Jilin of northeast China's Jilin Province, March 30, 2022.

2022 April 2, “Xinhua Photo Daily April 2, 2022”, in huaxia, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2022-04-02:


Heze

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 菏澤／菏泽 (Hézé).

The army under Prince Sengalintsin, a famous Manchu general, was surrounded at Hotse in southwestern Shantung, and its supplies were cut off.

[1959 August, “Nien Movement and National Minority Risings”, in Tung Chi-ming [董集明], editor, An Outline History of China [簡明中国历史] (China Knowledge Series), Second edition, Peking: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, pages 233-234:

The official New China News Agency said that five hours after the quake 30 people in Heze and Dongming Counties in Shandong had been reported dead. Several thousand houses in Heze County were destroyed, the agency said.
Authorities in Heze County, on the border between Anhui and Shandong Provinces, said that casualty reports were sketchy but that one death and up to 100 injuries had been recorded in their area.
The quake jolted most residents from their beds. Nearly everyone was asleep, said Li Jimin, a government official in Heze, 400 miles south of Peking.

1983 November 8, “QUAKE IN CHINA KILLS AT LEAST 30”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, page A6:

First, Communist rule had already proved unhealthy for certain kinds of businessmen in the liberated areas due to the ban on trade in many types of non-essential consumer items. We have already noted the resentment this caused among merchants in and around the town of Hotse, Shantung, even though the Communists were trying to be “especially polite” to the business community there.

[1999, Suzanne Pepper, Civil War in China: The Political Struggle 1945-1949, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 367:

At the same time, heavy rain in Shandong province's Heze county meant chaos for railway timetables, including the Beijing-Kowloon line.

2004 July 18, “Flooding swamps many provinces, and more to come”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-06-14:

A prefecture-level city in Shandong, China.


Shamian

No Chinaman, except those employed by foreigners, is allowed to cross any of the bridges over the stream, which completely surrounds the foreign settlement, and makes the suburb of Shameen a perfect island.

[1879 [1877 March 1], Anna Brassey, “To Canton Up the Pearl River”, in A Voyage in the 'Sunbeam': Our Home on the Ocean for Eleven Months, 6th edition, Toronto: Rose-Belford Publishing, →OCLC, page 383:

Last year, more than 1,500 American families came to this hotel to lodge, tour and shop while waiting to have their adoptions approved by Chinese and American authorities.
Because the hotel is located in the consulate district on Shamian Island, a tiny, flowery strip of land that is tethered to the city of Guangzhou (formerly known as Canton), there is no better place to stay.

2003 March 31, David Barboza, “A Chinese Hotel, Full of Proud American Parents”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-01-28:

Today, Shamian Island is a shadow of its former self. For the 85 years leading up to the first Opium War between China and Britain in 1841, it was the centre of the universe for foreigners doing business in China, being the only port open to foreign trade.

2004 August 25, Michael Taylor, “Past waits patiently for a blast”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-11-05:

A less bustling, less overwhelming — okay, I’ll say it — more Westernized part of town is Shamian Island, a territory created as a result of the Second Opium War and deeded to the British and French in 1859. Americans arriving for adoptions come here to process the papers. (The U.S. Consulate General operates from four locations scattered throughout Guangzhou. A centralized building, now under construction, is expected to open in 2013.)
On a rare solo excursion, I wander Shamian’s broad pedestrian walkway, lined with elegant Baroque, neo-classical and Palladian architecture.

2012 January 7, Necee Regis, “In Guangzhou, China, plenty to discover — and to buy”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-10-23, Travel:

“Significant work remains,” Froman told a business lunch at a venue on Shamian Island, on the banks of the Pearl River, a historical trading port for China and the West over centuries past, in the city formerly known as Canton.

2015 November 22, James Pomfret, Michael Martina, “U.S. pushes China on market access, little progress seen”, in Nick Macfie, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-08-27, Business News:

An island in Liwan district, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China


Yanji

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 延吉 (Yánjí)

The influx into the Chientao (間島) of Corean farmers, hunters, and trappers had long been a burning question before the Governments of China and Japan finally agreed by the Chientao Convention of 1909 or China-Corean Frontier Agreement to recognize the Tumen river as the boundary between Corea and China, and to open Lungchingtsun (龍井村) along with three other places to foreign residence and trade. A Chinese Custom House was accordingly opened here on 1st January 1910, but was made subordinate to the Hunchun (琿春) Customs.² It remained in this subordinate position till July 1924 when the head office was transferred to Lungchingtsun,³ while Hunchun—at which in accordance with the Manchurian Convention of 1905 a Custom House had been opened on 27th December 1909—fell into the position of a branch office. The reason for this deposition of Hunchun was the advent in 1923 of the T’ien T’u (天圖) light railway which running through Lungchingtsun to Yen Chi Fu (延吉府) connected both places with the frontier district of Kaishantun, and thence through Kainei (Hui Ning 會甯) to the Corean port of Seishin.

[1938, Stanley F. Wright, “From the Revision that Failed to the Peking Tariff Conference of 1925-1926”, in China's Struggle for Tariff Autonomy: 1843-1938, Paragon Book Gallery, →OCLC, page 406:

In eastern Manchuria alone, there is a growing tendency to refuse to surrender among the army units stationed in Helong and Yanji; thousands of soldiers, in groups or individually, have already risen up in Wangqing, Antu and other districts.

1980 [1931 December 16], Il-sung Kim, “On Organizing and Waging Armed Struggle Against Japanese Imperialism”, in Kim Il Sung Works, volume 1, Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House, →OCLC, page 38:

In a separate case, North Korea in April sentenced 62-year-old Kim Dong-chul to 10 years in prison with hard labor for “perpetrating . . . subversive plots and espionage” against the state.
Kim, who became an American citizen in 1987 and lived in Fairfax County, Va., moved in 2001 to the Chinese city of Yanji, on the border with North Korea.

2016 September 24, Anna Fifield, “North Korea shows no sign of wanting to talk about releasing two Americans”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-09-24, Asia & Pacific:

I traveled from Yanji to Dandong, along China’s border with North Korea, to learn how tensions are affecting life there.

2017 September 26, Chris Buckley, “Snapshots Along the River Where China Meets North Korea”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-09-26:

A county-level city in Yanbian prefecture, Jilin, China.


Dongying

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for the Mandarin 東營／东营 (Dōngyíng).

2) THIS EQUIPMENT IS CONSIGNED TO THE CHINA PETROLEUM AND GAS EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, PEKING, FOR INSTALLATION AT TUNGYING, SHANTUNG PROVINCE, AND AT HSIENHSIANG, HONAN PROVINCE, WITH TWO SYSTEMS AT EACH LOCATION OPERATING INDEPENDENTLY OF EACH OTHER (I.E. UNCONNECTED) FOR USE IN OIL EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT, E.G. WELL-LOGGING AND ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA DERIVED FROM WELL-LOGGING AND PERFORATING EQUIPMENT.

[1976, “State Department Cable”, in US State Department, page 2:

Laura and Michael Knotts, instructors in the English department, have accepted one-year teaching appointments in the People's Republic of China. They will teach American and British Literature, Business and Technical Writing, Composition, and Conversational English at the East China Petroleum Institute in Dongying, Shandong Province.

1985 June 6, “Knottses Going to China”, in Campus Communique, volume XIV, number 40, UNCW Development Office, →OCLC, page 3:

The announcement of the revised death toll by the Dongying city government, which administers Lijin County, said that some of the bodies were “blown to pieces” and that family members’ “mood was stable.”

2015 September 7, Austin Ramzy, “Report on Toll From Shandong Blast Is Called ‘Coldblooded’”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-21:

Chinese President Xi Jinping on Wednesday inspected the ecological conservation work at the estuary of the Yellow River in the city of Dongying during his inspection tour in east China’s Shandong Province.

2021 October 21, “CCTV+: Xi inspects ecological conservation work at Yellow River estuary”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-29:


Pengyang

Pengyang county was administered by Guyuan before 1988. In contrast to Guyuan, Pengyang is relatively wealthy. Farmers earn a considerable income through tobacco cultivation, which can yield an annual gross income of Rmb 1,500-2,000 per mu. In 1996, the cultivated area of tobacco in Pengyang was 11,000 mu.⁷

2004, Peter Ho, “The Wasteland Auction Policy in Northwest China: Solving Environmental Degradation and Rural Poverty?”, in Rural Development in Transitional China: The New Agriculture, →ISBN, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 125:

A woman boils water in a kettle using solar energy panels at a village of Pengyang county, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, December 4, 2007. China wants rich economies to back a fund to speed the spread of greenhouse gas-cutting technology in poor nations as it seeks to persuade delegates at global warming talks the focus of responsibility belongs on the West.

2007 December 4, “China wants Bali talks to back technology fund”, in Nick Macfie, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-07-21, Environment:

The southern counties were relatively less developed during 2002 to 2004. In 2002, there was only one county with a normal development level and there were two (Jixi and Jingyuan) that were at the 'undeveloped' level. This situation for the Southern Province worsened in 2003: four counties (Jixi, Jingyuan, Haiyuan and Pengyang) were at the 'undeveloped' level. In 2004, Pengyang County upgraded to 'underdeveloped'; however, the other three counties were still undeveloped.

2009, “Fuzzy Sets in Regional Development Analysis: A case study of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Western China”, in Huhua Cao, editor, Ethnic Minorities and Regional Development in Asia, Amsterdam University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 60:

Pengyang County is on the rim of the south of Ningxia's Hui Autonomous Region. It is on the east side of Liupan Mountain.

2016, Lili Xun, “Intra-county Migration in Ningxia—A Case Study of Pengyang County and Xiji County”, in Ecological Migration, Development and Transformation: A Study of Migration ..., →DOI, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 136:


Longde

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 隆德 (Lóngdé).

For fifteen miles, as far as the district city of Lung-te Hsien, the road runs direct east up a valley and was in excellent condition.

[1914, Alexander Hosie, On the Trail of the Opium Poppy, volume I, Boston: Small, Maynard & Company, →OCLC, page 146:

In a personal interview with Prof. Chen Zhongxiang from Ningxia University in September 1999 I was told that 85 per cent of the budget of Longde county come from taxes of its suspended village Chahu in Pingluo county.

2004, Peter Ho, Rural Development in Transitional China: The New Agriculture, →ISBN, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 189:

In a water pollution case of China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation (CBCGDF) v. Longde County People's Government of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and other eight defendants, the plaintiff CBCGDF claimed that Longde County Government was negligent in supervision and tolerated for a longtime local enterprises to discharge pollutants into the river, resulting in pollution of the drinking water source in the downstream of Jingning County.

2020, “Claims in Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation in China: Problems and Solutions”, in Sustainability and Law: General and Specific Aspects, →DOI, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 394:


Yuanzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 原州 (Yuánzhōu).

Yuanzhou District of Ningxia Province
At the onset, it should be clarified that upon the start of the Tsinghua Education-to-Aid-the-Poor Project, Yuanzhou district was far more advanced than Huade County in the area of distance education. Since 2000, Yuanzhou district has been involved in two national projects—"Applying Information Technology in Education" and "Modern Distance Education in Rural Areas"—both of which are funded by the Chinese government in partnership with certain international organizations.

2008 April, Richard C. Larson, M. Elizabeth Murray, “Distance Learning as a Tool for Poverty Reduction and Economic Development: A Focus on China and Mexico”, in Journal of Science Education and Technology, volume 17, number 2, Springer, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 182, column 2:

Ma, 52, has served as secretary of the Yinchuan Youth League Committee, head of the general office of the Ningxia Hui autonomous region Youth League and deputy party secretary of Guyuan county.
He was promoted to deputy party secretary of Yuanzhou district of Guyuan city in 2002 and in 2006 became deputy head of the forestry administration.

2012 December 17, Pinghui Zhuang, “Ningxia Hui official faces corruption inquiry”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-12-30:


Xiji

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 西吉.

Huo Kui-hua, a Hui woman from Hsi-chi Hsien, accused Ma at the meeting and said that during the “April 2” revolt Ma Chen-wu’s bandit followers in Hsi-chi Hsien forced her father to join them. Because her father refused to comply, these bandits first cut off his legs and then burned him to death.

[1972, Donald E. MacInnis, “Religion and Feudalism”, in Religious Policy and Practice in Communist China: A Documentary History, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 170:

Muslim villagers here in southern Ningxia, known as the Hui Autonomous Region, say that no official from the Xiji County government, 20 miles away, has ever hiked into this desperately poor hamlet to offer assistance to the peasants, most of whom cannot afford to send their children to school and for whom medical care is nonexistent.

1996 October 26, Patrick E. Tyler, “In China's Outlands, Poorest Grow Poorer”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-26, World:

In Xiji County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, boarding school students ate nothing but potato noodles. They were found to have vitamin C, calcium and iron deficiencies.

2011 April 1, Annie Wei, “Microbloggers bring rural students a free lunch”, in Beijing Today, →OCLC, page 3, column 2:

A monitor shows the vital signs of a victim who was injured during a stampede at a mosque, in a hospital in Xiji county of Guyuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region January 5, 2014 in this picture released by Chinese official Xinhua News Agency.

2014 January 5, Jonathan Standing, “Stampede at China religious event kills 14: state media”, in Michael Perry, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-07-21, Emerging Markets:


Jingdezhen

/ˈd͡ʒɪŋ.də.d͡ʒən/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 景德鎮／景德镇 (Jǐngdézhèn).

Now that tradition is being revived at the roots. Young people are moving to study in Jingdezhen, a river town in the southern Chinese province of Jiangxi.

2017 January 31, Edward Wong, “Ancient Porcelain Arts Thrive Again in a Chinese River Town”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-02-01, Asia Pacific:

A prefecture-level city in Jiangxi, China, known for porcelain.


Jingyuan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 涇源／泾源 (Jīngyuán).

The sex ratio in the 35-39 and older age groups among the Mongolian people in Inner Mongolia was over 110, while that of the 65 plus age group was as high as 138. In other places, such as the Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County in Xinjiang and the Jingyuan County in Ningxia, the sex ratio of the old people was also high.

1988, “Population of Minority Nationalities”, in New China's Population, Macmillan Publishing Company, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 205, column 1:

Yongning county is only 12.9 percent Hui, a relatively small minority in contrast to neighboring Lingwu county in the southeast, which is 47 percent Hui, and southern Jingyuan county, which is 97 percent Hui (the highest concentration of Hui in one county in China, see Map 2).

1991, Dru C. Gladney, Muslim Chinese, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 119:

A resident of Lizhuang village, Liupanshan town, Jingyuan county, Ningxia Hui autonomous region named Liu Fangying sews handbags at a factory that was established for poverty alleviation purposes in Shizi village known as Quanxiang on March 18, 2020. She commutes to work because she does not live nearby and usually packs a lunch to save time.

2020 March 24, Jingyan Teng, “Poverty alleviation factories resume operations in Ningxia”, in China Internet Information Center, archived from the original on 2021-04-21:


Jingyuan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 靖遠／靖远 (Jìngyuǎn).

North-west of Lanzhou, it attains a maximum thickness of 334 m, while in Jingyuan County, Gansu Province, a thickness of 505 m has been reported (Huang et al., 2000).

2013, Andrew S. Goudie, “Aeolian Geomorphology”, in Arid and Semi-arid Geomorphology, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 133:


HRD

Spatial differentiation and dynamic changes in micro-geomorphology were studied based on acoustic data interpretation from a wide range (3 200 km2) of the Huanghe (Yellow) River delta (HRD).[…]There were seven typical micro-geomorphologic features in the shallow and surface areas of the HRD, including buried ancient channels, stratigraphic disturbances, scour troughs, sand waves, pits, erosional remnants, and sand spots.[…]From the perspective of acoustic profile interpretations, the scale, range, and spatial locations of the micro-geomorphology in the HRD revealed seasonal variation characteristics, and the spatial distributions displayed significant regional differentiation characteristics.

2023 April 28, Ping Li, Yongde Jin, Wei Gao, Xiaolong Zhao, “Spatial differentiation and dynamic mechanism of micro-geomorphology based on acoustic spectrum data of the Huanghe (Yellow) River Delta”, in Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, volume 41, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-04, Abstract:

Huanghe River Delta
Huanghe River Delta#English

Yellow River Delta
Yellow River Delta#English

Shandong Peninsula
Shandong Peninsula#English

Initialism of Huanghe River Delta.; Abbreviation of Yellow River Delta.; A region of China on the Yellow River/Huanghe, at its delta regions by the Shandong Peninsula, on the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, marginal seas of the Pacific Ocean.


Jinshi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 津市 (Jīnshì).

A county-level city in Changde, Hunan, China.


Fuyuan

In the Pacha Island area in Fuyuan County of Heilungkiang Province, China, Soviet troops, after provoking the July 8 armed conflict, have incessantly dispatched many gunboats and aircraft to intrude into that area for various provocative activities.

1969 September [1969 August 19], Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, “Chinese Government Lodges Strong Protest With Soviet Government”, in Liberation, volume 2, number 11, Pragati Printers, page 96:

The tiger, one of two to enter China from Russia’s Amur border region, bit and killed 15 goats and left another three missing on Sunday and Monday on a farm in Heilongjiang province’s Fuyuan county, China’s official Xinhua News Agency reported.

2014 November 26, “Putin’s tiger ravages goat farm in northeast China”, in AP News:

The attacks took place Sunday night at a farm on Heixiazi Island of Fuyuan County in Heilongjiang Province, south of Siberia,[…]

2014 November 26, Edward Wong, “Another Feline Incursion From Russia Into China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-11-27, Asia Pacific:

A county-level city in Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.


Lake Khanka

Partial calque of Russian о́зеро Ха́нка (ózero Xánka)

partial calque

о́зеро Ха́нка

While deciduous forests form the dominant type of vegetation, considerable areas are covered by the so-called Amur steppes, located in the Amur region, along the lower Amur River, and around Lake Khanka.

1951, Theodore Shabad, “Soviet Far East”, in Geography of the USSR; A Regional Survey, New York: Columbia University Press, →OCLC, page 313:

Lake Khanka (or Hanka), called by the Chinese Hsing-K’ai-Hu, lies on the border between eastern Manchuria and the extreme southern panhandle of the Soviet Far East known as the Maritime Kray.

1965, “Lake Khanka”, in Standard Encyclopedia of the World's Rivers and Lakes, New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 136, column 1:

Chinese endurance swimmer Zhang Jie is aiming to learn how to sleep and eat on the go before attempting a record 40-hour open water marathon across Lake Khanka in August.

2010 April 28, Nick Mulvenney, “Fearless Zhang aims to eat and sleep in 40-hour swim”, in Patrick Johnston, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-07-31:

A Siberian tiger that wandered into a Russian village from China was videotaped attacking a car, terrifying its occupants, and then literally running over a female farmer as villagers attempted to scare it away from the area.
The incident occurred in the village of Turiy Rog in the Russian province of Primary^([sic – meaning Primorsky/Primorye]) on the northwestern shore of Lake Khanka.

2021 April 28, David Strege, “Siberian tiger attacks car, runs over farmer in scary encounters”, in USA Today, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-04-28:

A lake on the border between Mishan, Jixi, Heilongjiang, China and Primorsky Krai, Russia.


Boli

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 勃利 (Bólì).

The construction project of the (Taoshan) Reservoir, the largest one ever built in Heilungkiang, is under way. Located 10 kilometers east of the Chitaiho Municipality in Poli County, the reservoir will have a total water storage capacity of 648 million cubic meters.

[1978 November 15 [1978 September 24], “Heilungkiang Reservoir”, in Translations on People's Republic of China, number 467, U. S. Joint Publications Research Service, sourced from Harbin Heilungkiang Provincial Service, translation of original in Mandarin, →OCLC, page 55:

In Heilongjiang Province alone, 14 graphite deposits are reported, with 1 occurrence near Jixi City reportedly containing 300 Mmt of surface-minable material (31) and another large deposit located in the Heling area of Boli County.

1987, Catharine T. Fogg, Edward H. Boyle, Jr., “Major CPEC Flake Graphite Producers”, in Flake and High Crystalline Graphite Availability—Market Economy Countries: A Minerals Availability Appraisal, number 9122, Bureau of Mines, United States Department of the Interior, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 40, column 1:

The upper part of the combo photo taken in 2008 shows Wang Xifa working at home in Hengtai Village of Boli County, northeast China's Heilongjiang Province.

2018 December 17, “Migrant workers contribute talents to development of China's cities”, in ZX, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2020-08-10:

A county of Qitaihe, Heilongjiang, China


Cheng'an

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 成安 (Chéng'ān).

Photos obtained by CNN from an attendee at a village funeral in Cheng'an County in Hebei Province show mourners of all ages, including children, watching the performance.
The attendee, who asked not to be identified, said he was visiting family during the Lunar New Year holiday. While he was there, one of the elderly villagers died so he went to the funeral.

2015 April 24, Euan McKirdy, “What a send-off: China's funeral strippers told to cover up”, in CNN, archived from the original on 2015-04-24:


Lhoka

The government is also trying to end the rural tradition of sending children to study in the monasteries, arguing that they should attend secular schools. "In the monasteries, they only learn Tibetan and the sutras," said Deji, the top government official in Lhoka prefecture, who like many Tibetans has only one name. "They won't be well-educated because they won't have physics or chemistry or other modern subjects."

2003 September 19, Philip P. Pan, “In the Name of the Panchen Lama”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-01-29:

On Tuesday, Radio Free Asia, which is financed by the United States government, reported that a large number of the detainees being held in Lhasa had been released that day, while at least 200 others being held in Lhoka, outside Lhasa, were still in custody.

2012 April 7, Edward Wong, “China Said to Detain Returning Tibetan Pilgrims”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-04-07, Asia Pacific:

Dawa, a 55 year-old herder resettled in Lhoka prefecture’s Gongkar county, proudly showed visiting officials and journalists how each member of the family now has a separate room.[…]
In Lhoka’s Tradruk monastery, the secular management office has obtained funds for the latest renovation of this 12-century-old institution, one of the earliest Buddhist constructions in Tibet.

2015 September 30, Artiz Parra, “China micromanages Tibet, floods it with money to woo locals”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2024-03-23:

A woman walks in a purpose built village for Tibetans who have been relocated from high-altitude locations in what the authorities call a poverty alleviation program during a government organised tour in Gongga County, Lhoka City, near Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, October 14, 2020.

2022 August 8, Roxanne Liu, Ryan Woo, “China's Tibet region faces rare COVID flareup, fresh curbs imposed”, in Toby Chopra, Bernadette Baum, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-08-08, Asia Pacific:

A prefecture-level city in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China.


Shannan

People in Sangjih County in Shannan Prefecture are now working to complete in the shortest possible time a 30 km canal across 10 hills, 13 gullies and seven cliffs.

1976, Summary of World Broadcasts: The Far East. Weekly Supplement, →OCLC, page 4:

Tsetong, the capital of Shannan prefecture, has merged with Nêdong into a sprawl of Tibetan and Chinese buildings.

1992, Robert Strauss, “Yarlung Valley Monasteries & Sites”, in Tibet: A Travel Survival Kit (Lonely Planet), 2nd edition, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 130, column 1:

The second generation of Tibetan cadres arose, also in surrounding provinces, during the march of the People’s liberation Army into Tibet itself in the early 1950s. In social origin and motivation they were much like the first group, though in numbers much greater. Among them I met and interviewed Lobsang Tsechen, originally a carpenter, who in the 1960s became a vice-chairman of the Tibet Autonomous Region; Zhen Ying, of peasant origin, who became the vice-Party secretary of Xigatse prefecture; Dorje Ben, a former “masterless man” (which unfortunately meant he could be mistreated by any superior without the protection of his “owner”) who became vice-head of the Lokha (Shan Nan) prefecture; and an industrial administrator, Shirob Watsa, assistant director of the important Auto Vehicle Repair Works of the Tibet Autonomous Region, who as a young man had had his knees shattered by order of his serf owner (after the democratic reform in Tibet they had been surgically repaired so that he could walk, but still with a bad limp).

[2005, Israel Epstein, “Tibet”, in My China Eye: Memoirs of a Jew and a Journalist, 1st edition, San Francisco: Long River Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 278:

June 19-21: Tibet; flame travels to Shannan Diqu and Lhasa.

2008 March 30, “The Olympic flame's journey to the opening ceremony”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-08-11, Asia Pacific:

Chinese Premier Li Keqiang visited Tibet's capital Lhasa, the Yarlung Zangbo (Brahmaputra) river and the cities of Nyingchi and Shannan between Jul. 25-27, official news agency Xinhua reported.

2018 July 29, “Chinese premier completes secretive Tibet visit”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2018-07-29:

A prefecture-level city in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China, on the border with Bhutan.


Gaotian

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 高田 (Gāotián).

Compared With the scenery of Xingping that of Gaotian is more colourful. Gaotian lies In the south of the town of Yangshuo. Along both sides of the rivers, rice fields and villages form into a pastoral scene, which changes its colour in different seasons.

2004 March, Li River: A Photographic Collection of Teng Bin, Jieli Publishing House, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 61:

Gaotian is located in the Yueliang (Moon) Hill scenic area in Gaotian Township, Yangshuo County. The Jinbao River, Yulong River, both branches of the Lijiang River, merge here as the Tianjia River and flow back into the Lijiang River.

2006 May/June, Teng Bin, “10 Best Views in Yangshuo”, in China Tourism, number 303, H.K. China Tourism Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 28, column 1:

Gaotian Town[…]高田镇[…]
The attached Yangshuo Village Inn has delectable rooms too, if you need somewhere to kip after your fill. It’s not easy to find, in a village called Li Village (历村 Lì Cūn), before you reach Gāotián Town.
Minibuses (¥2) run from Yángshuò to Gāotián. Before Gāotián, disembark at Li Village and it’s a five-minute walk to the restaurant.

2017, Damian Harper et al., “Guǎngxī”, in China (Lonely Planet), 15th edition, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 626, column 1:

A town in Yangshuo, Guilin, Guangxi, China.


Linjiang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 臨江／临江 (Línjiāng).

In mid-December the enemy sent eight complete divisions to invade the Linchiang area, arrogantly blustering: "We will drive the Communists into the Yalu to bite at the ice. We will drive them up the Changpai Mountains to chew on the rocks."

[1967 January, Tso-peng Li, “Three Campaigns to the South of the Sungari River”, in China Reconstructs, volume XVI, number 1, China Welfare Institute, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 11, column 3:

Although the entire Communist force was driven back to the Korean border by early November, the commanders of the Fourth Column derived some satisfaction from their near destruction of the Nationalist 25th Division, after a fierce four-day battle at Hsin-k’ai-ling, west of K’uantien.* Moreover, their planned withdrawal to the vicinity of Linchiang in southwestern Kirin Province had diverted the Nationalists from exerting major pressure against Lin Piao’s main force at Harbin and Yüshu.

[1973, William W. Whitson, Chen-hsia Huang, “The Fourth Field Army Elite”, in The Chinese High Command: A History of Communist Military Politics, 1927-71, Macmillan Publishers, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 306:

A county-level city in Baishan, Jilin, China.


Hunjiang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 渾江／浑江 (Húnjiāng).


Fusong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 撫松／抚松 (Fǔsōng).

Fusong county in China’s cold northeastern Jilin province shut the courses at Wanda’s Changbaishan International Resort, a statement on the local government’s website dated Oct. 13 shows.[…]
The Fusong government said it had on Oct. 9 ordered the resort to cease operations at its golf courses.

2017 October 16, Adam Jourdan, Matt Miller, “In the rough - China closes Wanda golf courses in chilly northeast”, in Himani Sarkar, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-03-18, Business News:

Li Tianyu, 32, a host and owner of a Taobao shop in Jilin’s Fusong county, said it took him three years to gain 130,000 followers. He made his debut broadcast in 2018, after being convinced by a friend that live commerce had big potential.

2022 January 10, Jane Cai, “In China, live-stream sales success stretches from wealthy influencers to savvy farmers”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-01-10, China:


Suzhou Creek

Partial calque from Mandarin 蘇州河／苏州河 (Sūzhōu Hé)

zh-l

蘇州河／苏州河 (Sūzhōu Hé)

Holonym: Shanghai

The play centres on a Jewish-run cafe on the northern bank of Shanghai's Suzhou Creek, where Shana, the daughter of the cafe owner, finds herself pursued by both a Japanese official, Mr. Suzuki, as well as Song Yao, a Chinese resistance fighter.

2012 March 23, Royston Chan, Elaine Lies, “Play tells tale of Jewish refugees in WW2 Shanghai”, in Paul Casciato, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-10-13, Lifestyle:

Suzhou Creek was little more than an open sewer for decades as its murky waters coursed through the heart of Shanghai. Now, it teems with life along verdant banks that stretch for 26 miles.

2021 June 1, Keith Bradsher, “China’s Concrete Jungles Make Room for Green Space”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-06-01, Square Feet:

A creek in Shanghai, China, between Lake Tai and the Huangpu River.


Longjiang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 龍江／龙江 (Lóngjiāng), "Dragon River".

The reasons Chiang failed and the Communists succeeded appear from these examples. Everywhere in Manchuria's rural areas the "recovering armies" authorized by Chiang and led by landlords lived by requisitions which the peasants saw as loot. Governor Yu of Tsitsihar told me that these "recovering armies" had seized 10,500 head of livestock in Chinghsing County, 14,300 in Kannan County, 18,825 Lungchiang County, and so on.

[1949, Anna Louis Strong, “The Chinese Conquer China”, in The Chinese Conquer China, Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, →OCLC, →OL, page 240:

Colonel Zhai was born into a poor family in a village in Heilongjiang's Longjiang county, and he might never have realised his dream if not for his mother, who sold toasted sunflower seeds to pay for his education.

2008 September 27, “Zhai Zhigang: long wait to realise dream”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-03-12:

Four former prison guards in northeast China's Heilongjiang Province were handed jail terms from a year and four months to two and a half years on Friday for turning a blind eye to a prisoner who seduced and blackmailed a number of women while behind bars.
The four defendants stood trial at Longjiang County People's Court in the city of Qiqihaer on Friday morning.

2015 December 25, “Four prison guards sentenced for NE China prison scandal”, in Global Times, archived from the original on 2019-11-13:

A county of Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China

A former village in Zhejiang, China, now part of Longgang.


Erligang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 二里崗 (Èrlǐgǎng).

Shang bronzes predating the thirteenth century BC were first found at Erligang, in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. The finds at Erligang include the site of an early Shang city wall and, around it, the remains of workshops that made pottery, bone implements and bronzes.

1995, “The Early and Middle Shang: The Formative Period”, in Ancient Chinese Bronzes in the Shanghai Museum, →OCLC, page 12:

A village in Henan, China, site of the Bronze-Age Erligang culture


Litong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 利通 (Lìtōng).

Located in the north of Ningxia, Yinchuan borders the Shizuishan city in the north and the Litong District of Wuzhong City in the south.

2019, Rui Jian, “Sacred and Secular: Cultural Connotations of the Eid Rite of Hui Nationality in Yinchuan, Ningxia”, in 2019 International Conference on Humanities, Cultures, Arts and Design (ICHCAD 2019), →DOI, archived from the original on 2021-08-13, page 310:

Ningxia Women and Children's Activity Center hosted a lecture tour about parent-child reading and family education. The activity center, the Women's Federation of Wuzhong City and the Women's Federation of Litong District visited a children's welfare center in Wuzhong City, to give care and warmth to the children.

2020 January 17, “Ningxia Establishes Volunteers' Teams to Care for Disadvantaged Children in Winter Vacation”, in Wang Liyan, editor, All-China Women's Federation, archived from the original on 2020-01-18:

Aerial photo taken on Aug. 5, 2021 shows the Wuzhong Yellow River bridge which connects Qingtongxia City with Litong District of Wuzhong City in northwest China's Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.

2021 August 8, “Aerial view of Qingtongxia City in China's Ningxia”, in huaxia, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2021-08-09:


Hongsibu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 紅寺堡／红寺堡 (Hóngsìbǔ).

紅寺堡／红寺堡 (Hóngsìbǔ)

One reason for Beijing's newfound urgency in chipping away at that staggering level of emissions can be found in the dusty, unprepossessing town of Hongsibu.[…]
The resettlement project is the most ambitious of its kind in China and perhaps the world. Officials see it as a triumph of government benevolence and engineering. “Its^([sic]) a miracle in poverty reduction, to take a piece of wasteland and transform it,” said Zheng Yaliang, Communist party secretary for Hongsibu. “Very few countries could do this.”

2015 November 15, Emma Graham-Harrison, “The coal boom choking China”, in The Guardian, archived from the original on 2015-06-05:

Neat rows of new houses, leafy streets, and beaming faces—this picturesque bucolic scene that greeted us when we visited Hongde Village the in Hongsibu District, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in northwest China on June 15, 2020.

2020, Qiushi, volume 12, number 1, →ISSN, →OCLC, page https://www.google.com/books/edition/QIUSHI/jbkoEAAAQBAJ?gbpv=1&pg=PT682:

Tan (2017) undertook a survey in Hongsibu, central Ningxia, which is the largest single environmental resettlement area in China, receiving up to 170,000 people between 2001 and 2010. The author finds that climate impacts are repeated in the relocation area, inducing households to pursue a new relocation; besides, households with low socioeconomic status and those with more local kinship ties were less likely to plan for relocation.

2021, Oscar A. Gómez, “Population Movements and Human Society”, in Climate Change, Disaster Risks, and Human Security: Asian Experience and Perspectives, →DOI, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 207:


Shapotou

沙坡頭／沙坡头 (Shāpōtóu)

Next morning we drive to Shapotou on the edge of the Tengger Desert. Behind us churns the Yellow River, looking viscous with its load of ocher silt.

1980 March, Rick Gore, “Journey to China's Far West”, in National Geographic Magazine, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 310, column 1:

At Zhongwei we disembarked to visit a place named Shapotou, which means "at the head of a sandy slope." The name describes the location, the edge of the Tengger, a shamo where dunes creep along the foothills of the Xiangshan, an east-west mountain range.

1982, The Desert Realm, National Geographic Society, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 223:

Shapotou District is located on the southeast periphery of the Tengger Desert, bordering the Yellow River, with annual precipitation averaging 180 mm.

1995, Land Degradation and Desertification in Asia and the Pacific Region, →OCLC, page 279:

Zhang Zhishan, deputy chief of the Shapotou desert research and testing station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, checks the cyanobacteria breeding pool in a greenhouse in the Shapotou District of Zhongwei City, northwest China's Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, May 30, 2018. Shapotou, whose name was derived from high sand dunes, is located on the southern edge of the Tengger Desert. For half a century, Shapotou is renowned for curbing desertification by mainly making straw checkerboard sand barriers in large scale.

2018 June 22, “Shapotou Curbs Desertification by Making Straw Checkerboard Sand Barriers”, in Chen Na, editor, Chinese Academy of Sciences, archived from the original on 2022-07-21:


Tongxin

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 同心 (Tóngxīn).

On June 1 of the same year he again ordered his henchmen, Ma-tung and Chen Ju-chin, to lead a revolt in Chen-chia-fen, T’ung-hsin Hsien.

[1972, Donald E. MacInnis, “Religion and Feudalism”, in Religious Policy and Practice in Communist China: A Documentary History, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 170:

The first Hui autonomous county was set up in the 1930s in Tongxin, southern Ningxia, as a demonstration of the early Communists' goodwill toward the Hui.

1991, Dru C. Gladney, Muslim Chinese, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 87:

At the bottom of Ningxia's economic ladder are peasants like Ma Junyi, 65, who lives in a cave he burrowed out of a hillside in Tongxin county, 120 miles south of Yinchuan. The average annual per capita income for Tongxin's farmers is $50, which puts Mr. Ma and his neighbors in the village of Wudaoling above the government's official poverty line.

1996 May 14, Richard Tomlinson, “Poverty Meets Consumerism in Inland China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-12-29, World:

In August 2018, in Ningxia's Tongxin county, authorities attempted to demolish the Weizhou Grand Mosque, claiming it lacked the right building permits.[…]
In Ningxia's Tongxin county, a rare female-only Islamic school once renowned across China's north-central and west is being readied for demolition after it was shut down last year to make way for residential development.

2019 September 26, Emily Feng, “'Afraid We Will Become The Next Xinjiang': China's Hui Muslims Face Crackdown”, in NPR, archived from the original on 2019-09-26:

National Imagery and Mapping Agency
Tongxin


Haiyuan

After interviewing older people and gathering information from many available sources, the scientists presented a preliminary report identifying 58 kinds of domestic and wild animals that had shown unusual activities before those earthquakes. As an example, one chapter of the report describes that before the magnitude 8.5 earthquake, China’s largest, struck in Haiyuan County, Ninghsia Province, northwestern China, in 1920, wolves ran about in packs, sparrows flew around wildly, and dogs barked in a most unusual way.

1978 November-December, Ling-huang Shen, “Can Animals Help to Predict Earthquakes?”, in Earthquake Information Bulletin, volume 10, number 6, United States Geological Survey, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 232–233:

In Tunghsin and Haiyuan counties north of the Liupan Mountains the Red Army helped the Hui people set up the Yuhai Hui Autonomous Government in August 1936, the first self-governing Hui power in Chinese history.

1979 February, Yu-huai Ma, “Twenty Years of the Ningsia Hui Autonomous Region”, in China Reconstructs, volume XXVIII, number 2, Peking, →OCLC, page 34, column 2:

– China, 1920: up to 235,000 reported killed
This earthquake, measured at 8.3, hit the Haiyuan county of the northern province of Ningxia and caused aftershocks for several years.

2017 September 8, “Most powerful and deadly quakes of the past 100 years”, in Al Jazeera, archived from the original on 2021-06-25:

His cousin, a contractor who led him to the job three years ago, only started working last week after the Lunar New Year break, said Zou, who hails from a village in Haiyuan county, Ningxia, in China’s northwest.

2020 May 3, Mandy Zuo, “Food delivery jobs put bread on the table for Chinese confronted with pandemic crisis and unemployment”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-05-03, Society:


Zhongning

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 中寧／中宁 (Zhōngníng).

On 17 June Yinchuan claims that wheat rust has been found in a production brigade of Chungning County due to laxness in controlling this disease during the past several days when the brigade was busy transplanting rice.

[1965 July 14, “Reports on Insect Pests and Plant Disease”, in Daily Report: Foreign Radio Broadcasts, number 134, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, →OCLC, Communist China Regional Affairs, page DDD 1:

In Hui restaurants in towns such as Wuchung and Chungning, restaurant workers wearing the white caps of the Hui nationality serve customers. Most government institutions, factories and schools in different parts of the autonomous region have set up dining rooms for the Huis, where their special foods are served.

[1978 November [1978 October 16], “Religious Life Never Interfered With”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XVII, number 11, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 16:

A resident was given a fright by their housekeeper who was standing outside the 9th floor of a building without safety measures in northwestern China. Video shot in Zhongning County in Ningxia Province on November 29 shows a housekeeper standing outside a flat on the 9th floor to clean the windows.

2021 November 29, “Housekeeper gives Chinese resident a fright after standing outside 9th floor window without safety measures”, in Yahoo! Philippines, archived from the original on 2022-07-22:

The teenager called police in Zhongning county, Ningxia region during the wedding on November 24 to say she was being forced into the illegal marriage against her will, according to a post by the local Justice Bureau Monday.

2021 December 10, Cheryl Ho, “Police in China send girl, 14, back to parents who allegedly tried to sell her into marriage for $40,000”, in CNN, archived from the original on 2021-12-15:

National Imagery and Mapping Agency
Zhongning


Dawukou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 大武口 (Dàwǔkǒu).

Six years ago, Shizuishan proposed to build a garden city in the desert and initiated another great "water campaign." It planned to create within five years a wetland of about 43 square kilometers with a perennial lake area of 20 square kilometers in the Dawukou District (大武口区) where the municipal government is located.

2011, Yu Chen, “Environmental Crisis in Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, and Shaanxi”, in The China Environment Yearbook, volume 5, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 159:

There are numerous cases of resolving group visits. For example, based on the service advantage of "grid management", Chaoyang Subdistrict in Dawukou District, Shizuishan City, Ningxia Province, successfully resolved a group petition incident caused by the reconstruction of the gate of Ningmei Taixi Kindergarten in its jurisdiction (Wang & Lan, 2011).

2021, Wang Bin, Communication and Community in the New Media Age, →ISBN, →OCLC, page https://books.google.com/books?id=m-0rEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT155:

Dawukou District in the city of Shizuishan, northwest China's Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, is known for the saline and alkaline land located at the foot of Helan Mountain that is very hostile to agriculture.
The district, part of an old coal-mining region that closed five years ago, has taken up the challenge of transforming the local economy, embracing green agriculture despite the poor soil and lack of water.

2022 June 30, “Across China: Farmers breathe life into soil in old coal-mining area”, in China Internet Information Center, archived from the original on 2022-07-22:

A district of Shizuishan, Ningxia, China.

Dawukou
National Imagery and Mapping Agency


Pingluo

Mining. Ningxia has reserves of coal in the Pingluo area near the eastern border.

1979, Frederic M. Kaplan, Julian M. Sobin, Stephen Andors, Encyclopedia of China Today, Eurasia Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 39:

In a personal interview with Prof. Chen Zhongxiang from Ningxia University in September 1999 I was told that 85 per cent of the budget of Longde county come from taxes of its suspended village Chahu in Pingluo county.

2004, Peter Ho, Rural Development in Transitional China: The New Agriculture, →ISBN, →ISSN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 189:

Shahu Lake is at Pingluo County, 47 kilometers from Yinchuan. The southern part of Shahu Lake is covered with sand and the northern part is water.

2006 August 11, “Ningxia — a cool journey to ancient ruins”, in Beijing Today, number 271, →ISSN, →OCLC, Travel China, page 20, column 3:

Aerial photo taken on July 7, 2022 shows combine harvesters working at wheat fields in Xiaodianzi Village of Pingluo County, northwest China's Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. As wheat harvest season comes, local agricultural sector in Pingluo County conducted series of trainings for villagers to ensure harvest with high quality and efficiency.

2022 July 7, “Local agricultural sector conducts trainings for villagers to ensure harvest efficiency in NW China”, in huaxia, editor, Xinhua News Agency, archived from the original on 2022-07-07:


Helan

One Ningxia economist, a conservative, argued that the chengbao system should be the main thrust of reform for some time. Another argued strongly, however, that priority should be given to reform of the ownership system and that much greater encouragement should be given to private enterprises. This man cited a recently organized private enterprise that made auto parts in Helan County near Yingchuan^([sic – meaning Yinchuan]) as a success story and an example of what was needed.

1993, A. Doak Barnett, “Han and Hui: Ningxia”, in China's Far West: Four Decades of Change, Westview Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 133:

Desheng Industrial Park Located in Helan County, this is a base for about 400 enterprises. It has industrial chains from Muslim food and commodities to trade and logistics, new materials and bio-pharmaceuticals, which have ¥80 billion in fixed assets.

2013, Rongxing Guo, “Ningxia”, in Regional China: A Business and Economic Handbook, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 228:

Photovoltaic panels at a fish breeding base in Helan county, north-west Ningxia Hui autonomous region. The county has many wetlands and lakes in the Yellow River basin.

2021 August 25, Matt Fidler, “Reading festival and Extinction Rebellion protest: Wednesday’s best photos”, in The Guardian, archived from the original on 2021-08-29:


Huinong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 惠農／惠农.

To assess the feasibility of conjunctive water-use and use of shallow groundwater, a site was selected in the Huinong District of Shizuishan, Ningxia, where field experiments were conducted by using (1) Yellow River water[…]

2006, Agricultural Water Management in China, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 44:

Intense industrial activities could result in massive accumulations of trace elements in the soil and risk the terrestrial ecosystems and human health. A total of 119 topsoil samples from a typical industrial area, Huinong District, Ningxia, Northwest China, were collected, and the contents of six trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) were determined.[…]It is suggested that effective remediation measures for Cd and As, in particular, should be properly employed for the sustainable development of the soil and groundwater, while reducing the risk of elements to the local residents in Huinong District.

2020, “Trace Elements in Soils of a Typical Industrial District in Ningxia, Northwest China: Pollution, Source, and Risk Evaluation”, in Sustainability, volume 12, number 5, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-07-22:

The various local authorities in Ningxia have also made innovations in terms of the specific resettlement of "ecomigrants".[…]Huinong District has provided housing, one mu of land, one job position to resettled households, which would also be[…]

2020 [2017], “Poverty Alleviation Through Population Resettlement and Rural Livelihoods”, in Rural Livelihood and Environmental Sustainability in China, →DOI, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 294–295:

Panshi church is a house church in Huinong District, Shizuishan. The church was raided during its Sunday service on December 5, 2021.

2022 February 22, Yu Bing, “Panshi church raided and preacher arrested”, in ChinaAid, archived from the original on 2022-03-10:


Yanchi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 鹽池／盐池 (Yánchí).

Two other stations—in Yanchi County, Ningxia, and Fengning County, Hebei— also study methods for rehabilitating and improving desertified rangeland.[…]
A project on the control and rehabilitation of desertified lands in Yanchi County includes the monitoring of productivity of vegetation in 23 permanent sites (9 on sand land, 4 on lowland, 10 on high plateau); experimentation with rangeland improvement in different habitats, mainly drifting sands and degraded vegeta¬ tion; and the introduction of more than 40 species of forage plants to improve or control rangeland quality.

1992, “Gansu and Qinghai”, in Grasslands and Grassland Sciences in Northern China, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 165:

Improved resource management has also been observed in the grassland protection of Yanchi county, located in the central region of Ningxia.[…]In order to protect the degrading grasslands, Yanchi county has forbidden grazing in grasslands since 2002 of which 5.5 million Mu were contracted out to households during 2002-03.

2011, “The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Adaptation in China”, in Climate Change Challenges in the Mekong Region, Chiang Mai University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 99:

The new factory, which started operating on Tuesday last week, could be about to change that.
Located inside a natural gas processing plant in Yanchi county, Ningxia, it is the first facility in China that can produce helium at a commercial scale, according to a statement from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which designed and built it.

2020 July 28, Stephen Chen, “China opens first large-scale helium plant as it tries to reduce reliance on US imports”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-07-27, Science:


Jinfeng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 金鳳／金凤 (Jīnfèng).

金鳳／金凤 (Jīnfèng)

Yinchuan is divided into three parts from east to west: Xixia, Jinfeng and Xingqing. All the main sights and the main bus station are located in Xingqing. The train station lies inconveniently in the west end of Jinfeng, some 12km away from Xingqing; given this location it may be wise to buy tickets at the downtown booking office (daily 9am—6pm) on Xinhua Xi Jie.

2011, David Leffman, “The Yellow River”, in Rough Guide to China (Rough Guides), 6th edition, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 212:

As we will see in the following analysis, the migration settlements in Jinfeng District and Xingqing District adopt different modes of industrial support.

2016, Lili Xun, “Inter-county Migration in Ningxia: A Case Study of Heshun New Village and Binhe Home”, in Ecological Migration, Development and Transformation: A Study of Migration and Poverty Reduction in Ningxia, →DOI, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 152:

People line up for nucleic acid testing at a residential compound during the third round of mass testing for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Jinfeng district of Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China November 1, 2021.

2021 November 2, Ryan Woo, Roxanne Liu, Liangping Gao, “China Won't Give up on Its Zero-Tolerance COVID Policy Soon - Experts”, in Kim Coghill, Ana Nicolaci da Costa, editors, U.S. News & World Report, archived from the original on 2022-04-28:


Xingqing

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 興慶／兴庆 (Xīngqìng).

Aerial photo shows residents lining up for nucleic acid tests at a testing site in Xingqing District of Yinchuan, northwest China's Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Oct. 23, 2021.

2022 February 16, Fred Guterl, “The Rift Between the U.S. and China Is a Global Health Hazard”, in Newsweek, archived from the original on 2022-02-16:


Yongning

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 永寧／永宁 (Yǒngníng).

Yongning county is only 12.9 percent Hui, a relatively small minority in contrast to neighboring Lingwu county in the southeast, which is 47 percent Hui, and southern Jingyuan county, which is 97 percent Hui (the highest concentration of Hui in one county in China, see Map 2).

1991, Dru C. Gladney, Muslim Chinese, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 119:

The next day we went to visit a village named Najiahu in Yongning County, which is located to the south of Yinchuan. The inhabitants here are nearly all Muslims.

1993 August, Miao Wang, Shi Bao Xiu, edited by Tu Nai Hsien, From the Pamirs to Beijing: Tracing Marco Polo's Northern Route, Hong Kong: HK China Tourism Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 82, column 2:

China’s agriculture ministry on Sunday reported a new African swine fever outbreak in the northwestern region of Ningxia.
The outbreak occurred on a farm with 57 live pigs in Yongning county, infecting pigs and killing 13, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said in a statement.

2019 January 20, Philip Wen, “China reports African swine fever outbreak in Ningxia region”, in John Stonestreet, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2019-01-21, Health News: