Changbai

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 長白／长白 (Chángbái).

ARF organizations have established themselves in wide areas of China, too, inhabited largely by Koreans. This year the Changbai County Committee of the ARF has been set up, and the Korean National Liberation League has been formed as part of the ARF inside the country.

1980 [1937 March 29], Kim Il-sung, “Let Us Inspire the People with Hopes of National Liberation by Advancing with Large Forces into the Motherland”, in Kim Il Sung Works, volume 1, Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House, →OCLC, pages 122–123:

The radiation level in Changbai Korean autonomous county – the closest Chinese urban area to the Punggye-ri test facility – climbed gradually from an average of 104.9 nanograys per hour immediately after the test on Sunday to 108.5 on Tuesday, according to figures released by China’s environment ministry.

2017 September 6, Stephen Chen, “China detects rising radiation levels in areas close to North Korean nuclear blast site”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-09-06, Diplomacy & Defense:

Three villages in Changbai County and two cities in the northeastern border province of Jilin, have been designated for the camps, according to the document from China Mobile.

2017 December 11, Jane Perlez, “Fearing the Worst, China Plans Refugee Camps on North Korean Border”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-12-11, Asia Pacific:

But a Chinese businessman we met in Changbai County complained that now, he can only deal in pine mushrooms and pine nuts, which he sells to the United States, Japan and South Korea.

2018 April 12, Sue-Lin Wong, Damir Sagolj, “The Cold Frontier, Part Three: A journey along North Korea's edge”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-06-17, APAC:

“[China’s] Changbai county [in Jilin province] and [North Korea’s] Hyesan [city in Yanggang province] are so tense that one barely sees any cars or people around,” said the source, who also asked to remain unnamed.

2018 September 20, Joonho Kim, Joshua Lipes, “North Korea Shuts Down Illegal Cell Phone Access to Chinese Networks Amid Kim-Moon Summit”, in Leejin Jun, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2018-09-20:

A Korean autonomous county in Baishan, Jilin, China.


Mount Emei

Partial calque from Mandarin 峨眉山 (Éméi Shān).

As his most significant contribution to the vast body of art he emulated, Chang effected a synthesis of two historical modes, the austere tonal ink style of the scholar-artist painter and the brightly colored, vibrantly detailed style of the court artist. The two are joined in his depiction of Mount Emei, a Buddhist pilgrimage site that Chang visited many times.

1992 May 15, Holland Cotter, “Review/Art; Restating and Adapting Images of China's Past”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-26, Arts:

The journey from Chengdu to Mount Emei takes five hours but with quite long stops on the way.

1993, Roger Phillips, Martyn Rix, The Quest for the Rose, New York: Random House, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 52:

“Also, that American on Mount Emei was very white,” he said. “His skin was so white and bad-looking! But you're actually a little yellow—you look more Chinese. Your skin is much better than his!”

2001, Peter Hessler, River Town: Two Years on the Yangtze, London: John Murray, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 202:

Farmers near Mount Emei in Sichuan province blocked a highway to protest against an aluminium company they said was responsible for the leak that contaminated grapes and other crops, the Hong Kong-based Information Center for Human Rights and Democracy said in a fax.

2007 July 13, “China farmers protest toxic gas leak-report”, in Reuters (Latest Crisis), archived from the original on 2022-09-10:

A mountain in Emeishan, Leshan, Sichuan, China.


Zizhong

/ˌ(d)zɪˈd͡ʒɒŋ/

/ˌ(d)zɪˈd͡ʒʊŋ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 資中／资中 (Zīzhōng, literally “middle reaches of the Tuo River in Zi Prefecture (Sichuan)”).

bor

There are, of course, a number of counties where the descendants of pre-Ch'ing natives still constitute a significant portion of the local population. Tzu-chung county, midway between Ch'eng-tu and Chungking testifies:
Tsu-chung does not have any native clans that can be traced back more than six hundred years. [Among the old clans] six- or seven- tenths came from Hupei during the early Ming period.

[1959, Ping-ti Ho, Studies on the Population of China, 1368-1953, Harvard University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 141:

Born in Zizhong County of Sichuan Province, Fu is one of the promising new women poets appearing on the literary scene in recent years.

1992, Julia C. Lin, transl., Women of the Red Plain: An Anthology of Contemporary Chinese Women's Poetry, Penguin Books, Chinese Literature Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 32:

For example, Yucheng in nearby Shanxi Province has a serious H.I.V. epidemic related to blood selling, the government press has reported. More surprising, so does Zizhong in Sichuan Province, more than 500 miles from Henan.

2001 December 11, Elisabeth Rosenthal, “Spread of AIDS in Rural China Ignites Protests”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-27, World:

Tuo River
Zi Prefecture (Sichuan)
Zizhong


Zaozhuang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 棗莊／枣庄 (Zǎozhuāng).

Japanese forces have launched a sweeping counter-offensive in South Shantung, which has brought some forces already to the outskirts of Tsaochwang and Yihsien.

[1938 April 22, F. Tillman Durdin, “JAPANESE PIERCE INTO YIHSIEN AREA; At Outskirts of Beleaguered Town in Wide Offensive Aiming at Suchow CHINESE MASS 200,000 Foes Put at 100,000 in Drive That May Be Crucial--Other Forces Gird Southward Chinese Strengthen Defense Chinese "Nazis" Back Chiang Japanese Bombardment Heavy Seeks Damages From Japan”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-03-11, page 10:

By early evening Thursday, the pollution level in Shanghai was hovering at 340. At least 16 other cities in four provinces in eastern China were also reporting pollution levels over 300. In Zaozhuang, a city of nearly four million in Shandong Province, the pollution index hit 500, the maximum reading on the Chinese scale.

2013 December 5, Austin Ramzy, “Air Pollution Shrouds Eastern China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-07-17, Sinosphere:

A prefecture-level city in Shandong, China.


Xiang'an

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 翔安 (Xiáng'ān).

Sokolov’s phone had GPS and maps, which he had been watching with interest ever since they had left the airport in their wake. They were roaring down Xunjianggang, a strait about three kilometers wide that ran between Xiamen Island and the northeastern district of Xiang’an.

2011, Neal Stephenson, Reamde, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 465:

In general, the residential suitability of all public services in Siming and Huli district were the best,[...]However, the performance in Xiang'an district was the worst, with a 23.56 average residential score and 51.40% regional disparity.

2020, Yu Zhao et al., “Towards Sustainable Urban Communities: A Composite Spatial Accessibility Assessment for Residental Suitability Based on Network Big Data”, in Big Data Research for Social Sciences and Social Impact, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 149:


Tongguzbasti

In order to find clues as to how they lived it might be reasonable to visit the most primitive and isolated oasis community in the Tarim Basin. Arguably this is the village of Tongguzbasti which lies in the delta of the Keriya River, in the middle of the Taklamakan desert[...]

1996, Philip Andrews-Speed, “Herdsmen of Chinese Turkestan”, in Asian Affairs, volume 27, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

Added to the party later were the Chinese guide who had crossed the desert in Blackmore's expedition, and two Chinese cooks. At Tongguzbasti ("the boar trampled"), a remote settlement where the Keriya River trickles away into the sand, we recruited 24 camels, five Uighur camel drivers and the headman's eight-year-old son.

1996 May 18, Christian Tyler, “Life stripped to its essentials in the desert”, in Financial Times, page XII, columns 6–7:

'Oh, yes. A man was brought to us about a year ago. There'd been a big storm along the southern sector of the Taklamakan. It went on for four or five days. This man was a goatherd from Tongguzbasti. He'd gone out into the desert in search of tamarisk, along with a camel for the load. At midday he had some bread and water and lay down for a sleep. When he woke there was a storm the like of which he'd never seen before. There was nothing for it but to hunker down and make the best of it; but at some point - whether it was day or night he couldn't say - he found himself on his feet, shouting and screaming at the noise, and walking for what must have been miles.'

2000, Daniel Easterman, chapter 53, in Incarnation (Fiction), →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 411:

The fifty villagers of Tongguzbasti ("The invading boar") live in a thicket behind a stockade which protects them from the wind and sand.

2004, Christian Tyler, “Separate Tables”, in Wild West China: The Taming of Xinjiang (History/Asia), New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 253:

A week into the trip Korbel told me I was riding well, no trouble at all for him, so we would detour a little to the east, toward an oasis called Tongguzbasti. We would soon pick up a very old route, he told me, one that ran between the Khotan, which we had by then gained, and another riverbed, the Keriya. Along the way we would see something.

2004, Barry Holstun Lopez, Resistance (Fiction), New York: Vintage Books, published 2005, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 105:

The tiny Uighur settlement of Tongguzbasti, 170km (102 miles) north of Keriya beside the rapidly diminishing Keriya Dariya, must rank as one of the most remote places in Xinjiang. It is said to stand on the ruins of the lost city of Keladun, and artefacts dating from the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 222) have been found here. Today about 100 families of Keriya Uighur live here in almost complete isolation.

2008, The Silk Road (Insight Guides), 1st edition, Apa Publications, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 181:


Fuxin

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 阜新 (Fùxīn).

Jehol has a one-million-ton mine at Peipiao and a new open-cut mine at Fuhsin with a five-million-ton capacity. Fuhsin is the site of a large thermal electric plant.

[1955, George B. Cressey, “Resources for Tomorrow”, in Land of the 500 Million: A Geography of China, McGraw-Hill Company, Inc., →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 135:

Four people were killed when a highway bridge collapsed yesterday in Fuxin, Liaoning, and an expert said the high frequency of bridge mishaps this summer was abnormal.

2013 July 17, Stephen Chen, “Four people die after highway bridge collapses in Fuxin, Liaoning”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-31, China:

Mr. Sun’s “Mythological Time” depicts his hometown, Fuxin in Liaoning, a frigid province wedged between North Korea and Inner Mongolia.

2016 December 1, Joyce Lau, “A Chinese Artist Consumed by the Idea of Inevitable Change”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-12-07, Arts:

A prefecture-level city in Liaoning, China.


Shuangqiao

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 雙橋／双桥 (Shuāngqiáo).

The 2.3-square-km Longshuihu village in the Shuangqiao district of Chongqing municipality, also known as "women's town," was based on the local traditional concept of "women rule and men obey," a tourism official told Reuters.

2007 April 26, “"Women's town" to put men in their place”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2016-08-06, Life:

In 2011, former Shuangqiao District and Dazu County were merged as Dazu District with an area of 1436 km² and a population 1.03 million.

2019, Zhijie Wang, “The Practices of Over-Leaping the Middle Income Trap via New Industrialization–A Case Study of Dazu District in Chongqing”, in Yining Li, Zhiqiang Cheng, editors, China's Reform to Overleap the Middle-Income Trap, →DOI, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 211:

(historical) A former district of Chongqing, China.


Jinshan

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 金山 (Jīnshān, literally “Gold Mountain”), named for Dajinshan Island to its south, the highest point of natural elevation in Shanghai Municipality.

der

Jinshan peasants’ paintings, an- other symbol of Shanghai’s Hai Pai style, characteristic of the plain tastes of local peasants, are well known both at home and abroad. The painters are all ordinary peasants. The studio is located in the ancient town Zhujing, Jinshan District.

2008, 王慧敏 [Wang Huimin] et al., editors, 上海旅游 [Shanghai] (China Travel Kit Series), 1st edition, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 13:


Baishan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 白山 (Báishān).

Baishan hydroelectric station is located 39 km from the downstream Hongshi hydroelectric station and 250 km from the downstream Fengman hydroelectric station, Jilin Province, China, on the upper reaches of the Second Songhua River,[...]In Baishan district the weather is very cold in winter (lowest temperature, -44.5°C; highest temperature, 38.8°C; long-term average, 4.3°C).

1986, Zongyan Guo, Zhou Yukun, “Segment-shaped blasting in Baishan hydroelectric station excavations, China”, in Rock engineering and excavation in an urban environment, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 181:

The accident occurred July 1 at a coal mine near Baishan, a city in Jilin province, the Beijing Evening News reported. It said rescue efforts were finally called off this week and the missing miners declared dead.

2001 July 18, “Report: Floods Kill 21 Coal Miners”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-06-22:

A prefecture-level city in Jilin, China.


Wenshan

Most of the chronically poor counties in Yunnan Province in the late 1970s tended to specialize in nongrain crops in the late 1950s. That was particularly true of ten counties, almost half the provincial total of chronically poor counties, located in two contiguous prefectures, Wenshan and Hungho, in tropical southeastern Yunnan.

1983, Nicholas R. Lardy, “Living standards and the distribution of income”, in Agriculture in China's modern economic development, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 185:

The top anti-corruption watchdog in Southwest China’s Yunnan province said on Friday the governor of the burgeoning aluminium hub of Wenshan had been placed under investigation.
Zhang Xiulan, who has been governor of Wenshan prefecture since March 2015, is suspected of “grave violations of discipline and the law,” the Yunnan Province Commission for Discipline Inspection said in a statement, without elaborating.

2021 April 30, Tom Daly, “China graft watchdog probes governor of emerging aluminium hub”, in Richard Chang, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-07-06, ALUMINUM:

A Zhuang and Miao autonomous prefecture in Yunnan, China.

In April of 1944, an American colonel conferred with Nationalist Chinese General Kwan Lin-jen in Wenshan, southern Yunnan Province, on the defense of that region against the Japanese in Indochina. The colonel was helping the general train his troops.

1952 June, Kai-yu Hsu, “Behind Red China's Human Sea Tactics”, in United States Army Combat Forces Journal, volume 2, number 11, →OCLC, page 16:

“The suspect turned to a local police station for help, but was too furious to wait for an investigation,” Xinhua news agency said, citing police in Yunnan Province in southwestern China.[…]
He killed one passer-by and injured another nine, none critically, on Monday morning at the Shuangqiao Garden Plaza in Wenshan county, before being seized by police.

2008 July 16, Lucy Hornby, “China worker stabs 10 after fake money switch”, in Alex Richardson, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-08-09, World News:

A county-level city in Wenshan, Yunnan, China.


Qionghai

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 瓊海／琼海 (Qiónghǎi).

Born in Qionghai on the island of Hainan to a local government official and a stay-at-home mother, Mr. Wang studied environmental engineering at Donghua University in Shanghai, graduating in 1984.

2015 August 4, Brett Cole, “An Exchange in Australia Woos Listings From China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-08-08, DealBook:

Villagers on an electric bike herd their cattle along a road in the town of Boao in Qionghai, Hainan province, China August 11, 2018.

2021 March 19, Twinnie Siu, “China to crack down on use of leanness enhancers in cattle and sheep”, in Kirsten Donovan, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-03-21, Currencies:

A sub-prefectural city in Hainan, China.


Bortala

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠲᠠᠯᠠ (borotal-a).

Urumchi Sinkiang Regional Service in Mandarin at 1300 GMT on 30 October reports that 143d Regimental Farm in Shihhotze Prefecture develops forestry. The same broadcasts reports that 84th Regimental Farm in Poerhtala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture restores award system in efforts to promote animal husbandry.

[1978 November 3 [1978 October 30], “PRC Radio Reports on Activities of Chinese PLA Units”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 214, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Urumchi Sinkiang Regional Service via Editorial Report OW, translation of original in Mandarin, →ISSN, →OCLC, National Affairs, page E 7:

Overall, trade via the new ports of entry on the Xinjiang-Kazakstani border expanded tremendously in the first five years. Six of the new ports are by road: They include[...]The most important route, however, is the railway link that crosses the Chinese-Kazakstani border at Alataw (Ala Shankou), in the Bortala-Mongol Autonomous Prefecture.

1998, Linda Benson, Ingvar Svanberg, China's Last Nomads, M. E. Sharpe, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 201:

The ruling Communist Party’s graft-fighting Central Commission for Discipline Inspection said that Guo Xiangyi, who was a senior official in Xinjiang’s Bortala region, abused his power, took bribes and expropriated land.
Guo, likely a Han Chinese judging by his name, also “faked and changed the ethnicity of his wife and child”, the statement said, without giving details.
While the Uighurs, a Muslim people who speak a Turkic language, are the main minority in Xinjiang, Bortala is home to a large number of ethnic Mongols.

2015 December 24, Ben Blanchard, “Minority report: Chinese official 'faked family's ethnicity'”, in Nick Macfie, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-06-19, World News:

Wenquan is part of the Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, the base of the Chahar in Xinjiang. (Their ancestral home is in present-day Inner Mongolia, where the majority of Chahar in China live.) The prefecture is one of several scattered enclaves that arose from Qing-era garrisons.

2017 June 18, Edward Wong, “Mongolian Warriors and Communist Soldiers: A Frontier Town in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-06-19, Asia Pacific:

A Mongol autonomous prefecture in Xinjiang, China.


Chongyang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 崇陽／崇阳 (Chóngyáng).

At the beginning of 1842, a secret society uprising led by Chung Jen-chieh broke out in Chungyang County, Hupeh Province.

[1976, Compilation Group for the "History of Modern China" Series [《中国近代史丛书》编写组], “Expansion of the War”, in The Opium War [鸦片战争], Peking: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, page 71:

In Hupei, clan schools recorded in local gazetteers amounted to 23 percent of the schools in Huang-kang county, and from 27 to 47 percent of those in Ch'ung-yang county.

[1979, Evelyn Rawski, “The Availability of Elementary Education”, in Education and Popular Literacy in Ch’ing China, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 87:

In the far south-east, Chongyang County had over 5,000 Christians by 1992 meeting in twelve “spontaneous meeting-points” (i.e. house churches) according to the TSPM.

1999, Tony Lambert, “A survey of church growth, province by province”, in China's Christian Millions, Monarch Books, published 2006, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 252:

According to the video released by Xinhua news agency, the picture of the same screen in different places is quite realistic, and the interaction process does not feel the delay, and the movements and expressions are quite smooth and natural. “It’s a strange, magical feeling.” Cheng Ju, deputy to the National People’s Congress and party branch secretary of Dazhi Village, Chongyang County, Hubei province, said. During the interview in Wuhan, she shook hands with Cheng Gong, a reporter from the Xinhua news agency in Beijing.

2020 May 20, “ZTE And WIMI’s Launching of 5G Holographic Cloud Interview with The Same Screen Makes Black Technology Into Reality”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2023-04-01:


Zhoukoudian

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 周口店 (Zhōukǒudiàn).

In the more remote past, 450 million years ago, the Choukoutien area was part of a sea as the presence there of Ordovician limestone proves.

[1975, Lan-po Chia, The Cave Home of Peking Man, Peking: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, page 7:

A Swedish geologist turned archaeologist, Johan Gunnar Andersson, for example led the project that led to the discovery of the “Peking Man” fossils, in the 1920s, at the site of Zhoukoudian, dating to circa 200,000 to 700,000 years ago, and also helped establish evidence of “prehistoric” culture, in the form of early painted ceramics at the Neolithic site of Yangshao, dating to circa 5,000 to 3,000 B.C.

2021 May 11, Rowan K. Flad, “It’s a golden age for Chinese archaeology — and the West is ignoring it”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-05-11, PostEverything:

An area in Fangshan district, Beijing, China.


Luliang

The regional paper Yünnan Daily also carried a report in this respect, as follows: "The Party committee for the Ch'aot'ieh commune in Luliang county, Yünnan province, has been educating the Party members in Party policy, fundamental Party knowledge and current situation, thereby raising their ideological and policy level, through such methods as the opening of training classes...

1961, The Peking Informers, volume 3, Continental Research Institute, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 11:

Yunnan. Since the cultural revolution, this province has completed 31 medium-sized and small chemical fertilizer plants;[…]Luliang County chemical fertilizer works was founded by 39 poor and lower-middle peasants with five earthen jars;[…]

1972 March, Summary of World Broadcasts: Far East, British Broadcasting Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 14:

Many areas have not had rain since at least October. Here in Luliang County, about 70 miles east of Yunnan’s capital, Kunming, no rain has fallen since August.[…]
In mid-March, China’s premier, Wen Jiabao, made a three-day tour of Yunnan, including Luliang County, to pledge government help and urge new water-conservation efforts.[…]
A several-hour tour of Luliang County on Sunday suggested the drought had struck in patchwork fashion.

2010 April 4, Michael Wines, Li Bibo, “Spring Harvest of Debt for Parched Farms in Southern China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-04-06, Asia Pacific, page A4:

In particular, my trip to a Sierbao village in Luliang county, Yunnan province, left a deep impression. Luliang is about 135 kilometres northeast of the provincial capital Kunming.
This is one of China's major tourist routes, served by a brand new national highway. It took me just two hours by bus from Kunming to Luliang county.

2012 September 22, Zhou Xun, “In the villages, a China still living in want”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-05-26, Opinion:

The bureau in September said Luliang County in Yunnan province had inflated its first-half industrial output and fixed-asset investment data by more than 100 percent.

2013 November 15, “China's official copper data overstating output, say smelters”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-10-24:


Qingtongxia

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 青銅峽／青铜峡 (Qīngtóngxiá).

The only thing we could do was to get back into our car and to drive on towards Qingtongxia, about half- way to our destination of Yinchuan. We stayed overnight in Qingtongxia and the next morning decided to pay a visit to the Qingtongxia Reservoir, near which are 108 pagodas that we wanted to see.[...]
Apart from its pagodas, Qingtongxia is also renowned for its 44 temples located in Niushou (Ox Head) Mountain, plus its prairies, forests and vast expanses of reed marshes.

1993 August, Miao Wang, Shi Bao Xiu, “A Ten-Day Trip Across the Hexi Corridor”, in Tu Nai Hsien, editor, From the Pamirs to Beijing: Tracing Marco Polo's Northern Route, Hong Kong: HK China Tourism Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 80, columns 1, 2:

At five in the morning on August 28, during the brief incapacity of Zhou Enlai due to severe angina, Kang Sheng approved a plan of action for Ningxia submitted by the Lanzhou MR: the increasingly serious conflict between two Muslim factions paralyzing Qingtongxia county was—once all other options had been exhausted—to be resolved by having the PLA open fire on civilians. Kang quickly blamed local “party power-holders taking the capitalist road” for the bloodbath that ensued but also expressed regret at the “casualties on both sides,” dismissing as unfounded “rumor” a claim that the total number of dead had been “more than 400.” Eventually, three weeks after the event, he was able to defend himself by saying that the resolution of the Qingtongxia “issue” had been endorsed by Mao and Lin Biao, but what remains unclear is when that endorsement was given, before or after the event. A post-Cultural Revolution official inquiry by the central authorities into Kang Sheng’s involvement in the incident determined that the PLA shot dead 101 and wounded 133 members of “the masses.” An official history produced in Ningxia describes the incident as one involving two opposing factions of the “masses” and has it that the PLA shot dead 104 and wounded 133 members of one of these factions.

2006, Roderick MacFarquhar, Michael Schoenhals, Mao's Last Revolution, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 216:

Here again, a major problem is decentralization. Beijing has faced difficulties enforcing local compliance with new federal regulations. When the central government announced its ambitious campaign to decrease energy consumption, officials in regional capitals like Qingtongxia got straight to work— not to comply, according to Howard French of the New York Times, but rather to find creative ways to avoid the requirements.

2010, Stefan Halper, The Beijing Consensus: How China's Authoritarian Model Will Dominate the Twenty-first Century, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 167:

Russian army members take part in the Sibu/Cooperation-2021 joint drills in Qingtongxia, Ningxia Autonomous Region, China, August 13, 2021.

2021 August 13, “Russian defence minister praises cooperation with China at joint wargames”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-08-13:

A county-level city in Wuzhong, Ningxia, China, formerly a county.


Loudi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 婁底／娄底 (Lóudǐ).

Recently, too, growing numbers of working teachers have struck for higher pay in dozens of places, including 6,000 in Loudi, Hunan, in December, according to Liu and other reports.

2009 February 6, Chris Buckley, “China's rural teachers join rumble of unrest”, in Nick Macfie, Dean Yates, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-12, World News:

Annabelle was found early on a September morning in a box at the orphanage door in the city of Loudi in the province of Hunan.

2010, Ann Hood, The Red Thread, W. W. Norton, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780393339765/page/305/:

A prefecture-level city in Hunan, China.


Xingguo

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 興國／兴国 (Xīngguó).

HSINGKUO county in the hilly region of southern Kiangsi province was one of China’s earliest revolutionary bases.[…]
Surrounded by mountains and crossed by the Lienchiang River, Hsingkuo county lies in a beautiful natural setting.

1972 March, Chi Hung, “An Old Revolutionary Base—Yesterday and Today”, in China Reconstructs, volume 21, number 3, Peking, →OCLC, pages 24–25:

Chen Yi cursed as he had a hundred times since he had been carried from the front in Xingguo county six weeks ago with a bullet wound in his hip which refused to heal.

1985, Harrison E. Salisbury, “A Walk by Moonlight”, in The Long March, Harper & Row, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 5:

There are very few geomancers in Xunwu County; most of them are from Xingguo.

1990, Mao Zedong, translated by Roger Thompson, Report from Xunwu, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 210:

The 800-metre (2,600-foot) experimental Red Rail in southern China’s Xingguo county, Jiangxi province, used powerful magnets rich in rare earth elements to produce a constantly repelling force strong enough to lift a train with 88 passengers in the air, according to a report by state broadcaster China Central Television on Tuesday.

2022 August 10, Stephen Chen, “Chinese scientists say maglev ‘sky train’ floats without power using permanent magnets”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2022-08-10, Science:


Ganzhou

Translingual: Ganzhousaurus

/ˌɡɑnˈd͡ʒoʊ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 贛州／赣州 (Gànzhōu).

Most leather pillows, letter paper, envelopes, enamelware, fans, and water pipes come from Ganzhou and are of the highest quality. The stationery from Ganzhou is made of paper manufactured in China; that from Mei County is made with foreign paper.

1990, Zedong Mao, translated by Roger Thompson, Report from Xunwu, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 71:

The man from the southern city of Ganzhou had been treated in Venezuela on Jan. 28 before returning home on Feb. 5 via Hong Kong and the southern Chinese city of Shenzhen, the National Health and Family Planning Commission said in a statement.

2016 February 10, “China reports first case of imported Zika virus”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-31:

They were last seen in Ganzhou, a large city in southern Jiangxi Province. It is unclear whether the other two were detained.
The group had been investigating labor conditions at the two factories, one in Ganzhou and another in Dongguan. Their preliminary findings, which had not yet been made public, detail that workers were subject to exceptionally long hours.

2017 May 30, Keith Bradsher, “China Detains Activist Who Worked at Manufacturer of Ivanka Trump Shoes”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-10-21, Business Day:

A prefecture-level city in Jiangxi, China.


Sugarloaf Island

The tidal currents set directly through Sugarloaf Channel, except northwestward of Sugarloaf Island where a branch of the outgoing current runs along the northern shore of the island.

1943, “PORT SWATOW”, in Sailing Directions for the Coast of China, U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 524:

Luyu channel, south of the two islets Luyu (Sugarloaf island) and Muyu (Double island), is about 300 yards wide with depth of 6 to 11 fm. in the fairway; north of the islands is the less frequented Eastern channel with depths of 3½ to 8 fm.

1945, China Proper, volume III, Naval Intelligence Division, →OCLC, page 266:

Duly relieved, Edsall the next day stood out at 11:30, conned by a local pilot, Mr. Woods. She steamed down the coast past Sugarloaf Island, Good Cape Lighthouse, Bill and Green islands, and Breaker Point Lighthouse to anchor off South Nine Pin Island (Nam Kwo Chau), near the main shipping lanes, east of the British Crown Colony at Hong Kong.

2008, Donald M. Kehn Jr., A Blue Sea of Blood, Zenith Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 44:

Sugarloaf Channel
Sugarloaf Channel#English

(obsolete) An island in Sugarloaf Channel, Shantou, Guangdong, China, located in the Port of Shantou and having a lighthouse.


Double Island

At the entrance of the bay on which Swatow is located, there is a small island called Double Island, on which foreigners secured a foothold before the port was opened to the outside world.

1891 August, S. B. Partridge, “American Baptist Mission, Swatow, China.”, in The Baptist Missionary Magazine, volume LXXI, number 8, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 370:

In the 1890s, for no known reason, he took against his colleagues, the Swatow pilots stationed at Double Island, and would walk for miles along the coast to intercept incoming vessels before they could reach the official pilots.

1998, Frances Wood, “Private Life and the Social Round”, in No Dogs and Not Many Chinese: Treaty Port Life in China, 1843-1943, John Murray, published 2000, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 138:

In Shanghai we met a Christian captain who had been trading at Swatow. He made a strong case for the needs of that area. British merchants lived on Double Island, and sold opium.

2003, Hudson Taylor, “Called to Swatow”, in Looking Back: An Autobiography (Missions), OMF International, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 84–85:

The truth, however, is that the Edsall was not then in the Amoy-Kulangsu area but instead spent all of the first half of May 1939 at Swatow (Shantou), China, well to the south. Anchored near Double Island, Edsall observed Japanese aerial attacks in support of their ground offensive in the region.

2008, Donald M. Kehn Jr., “Flushdeckers”, in A Blue Sea of Blood: Deciphering the Mysterious Fate of the USS Edsall, Zenith Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 43:

An island in Sugarloaf Channel, Shantou, Guangdong, China, located inwards after Sugarloaf Island and larger than it.


Hengshui

The dust-storms have been not merely unintermittent, but of a frightful character, even for North China. Within the past two or three weeks they have taken the form of violent winds, each of which at sea would almost make a young typhoon. In the Hengshui district we hear that the roof of a theatrical pavilion was blown for miles, and that two children were blown away, one killed, and the other never heard of.

1891 May 29, “Western Shantung”, in North-China Herald, volume XLVI, number 1243, Shanghai, →OCLC, page 662, column 2:

The New China agency reported that numerous building and houses collapsed but that the number of casualties was less than on 8 March, when people had been caught in their sleep. The worst damage was done at Hsing-t’ai, Heng-shui and Shih-chia-chuang [1]; numerous aftershocks (Nos. 186-90) were felt in the same region up to 29 March.

[1970, Annual summary of information on natural disasters 1966, Belgium: Unesco, →OCLC, page 26:

The People's Daily on March 3 demanded that "hsia ma" items be attended to with proper rehabilitation efforts. "Through maximum utilization, dead things should be brought back alive," the editorial on page 1 urged.
Two-thirds of page 2 was devoted to a description of how an iron mill at Hengshui, Hopei province, was torn into pieces and sold at giveaway prices.

1981 April 12, L. Chen, “Disastrous acts of dismounting”, in Free China Weekly, volume XXII, number 14, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

The Voice of China radio said the accident, the latest in a series of deadly industrial incidents, occurred around 8 a.m. in the Hebei province city of Hengshui.

2019 April 25, “11 die as elevator cable snaps at work site in north China”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2024-05-07:

A prefecture-level city in Hebei, China.


Zunyi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 遵義／遵义 (Zūnyì).

In a study published in late July in the Journal of Sleep Research, researchers looked at how 1,619 children in China were doing in terms of sleep. The children, ages 4, 5 and 6, were recruited from 11 preschools in the province of Guizhou, in the city of Zunyi, about 650 miles from Wuhan.

2020 August 17, Perri Klass, “How Children’s Sleep Habits Have Changed in the Pandemic”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-08-17, The Checkup:

A prefecture-level city in Guizhou, China.


Langfang

While there he received a wire from Tuan Ch’i-jui, who was at that time Minister of War and Premier, ordering him to station the bulk of his troops in the vicinity of Langfang, about halfway between Peking and Tientsin.

1966, James E. Sheridan, Chinese Warlord: The Career of Feng Yü-hsiang, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 63:

The city of Langfang in Hebei on Tuesday said its 4.9 million residents will be put under home quarantine for seven days and be subject to mass COVID-10 testing in the latest attempt to curb the spread of the coronavirus.
Two counties under Langfang’s jurisdiction that border Beijing, Guan and Sanhe, had already announced home quarantine measures.

2021 January 11, Jing Wang, Andrew Galbraith, Roxanne Liu, Lusha Zhang, Se Young Lee, “Another Chinese city goes into lockdown amid new COVID-19 threat”, in Michael Perry, Raju Gopalakrishnan, Sam Holmes, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-01-12, Healthcare & Pharma:


Wuzhong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 吳中／吴中 (Wúzhōng).

Global R&D and Commercialization Base, with a first-phase building area of nearly 30,000 square meters, is located in Wuzhong, Suzhou, and is expected to be completed and put into operation in mid-2024 as an integrated base with comprehensive functions, including manufacturing, R&D and office.

2022 October 20, ImmVira, “ImmVira announced to launch the construction of Global R&D and Commercialization Base”, in AP News; PR Newswire, archived from the original on 2023-06-30:


Wuzhong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 吳忠／吴忠 (Wúzhōng).

The river, which is some 3,028 miles long and has a catchment basin of 250,000 sq. miles, rises in the Bayan Kara Shan (15,000 ft) of north-east Tibet and flows as a mountain torrent above Lanchow. Between Lanchow and Wuchung in Ningsia it descends on to the Inner Mongolian plateau and is less torrential although still of considerable strength. At Wuchung it starts on its northward course, known as the Great Bend, across the Ordos Desert.

[1970, T. R. Tregear, An Economic Geography of China, Butterworths, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 60:

In Hui restaurants in towns such as Wuchung and Chungning, restaurant workers wearing the white caps of the Hui nationality serve customers. Most government institutions, factories and schools in different parts of the autonomous region have set up dining rooms for the Huis, where their special foods are served.

[1978 November [1978 October 16], “Religious Life Never Interfered With”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XVII, number 11, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 16:

I was amused when one of my Hui colleagues who was present at an interview corrected a wheat farmer and sideline rope maker in Wuzhong, central Ningxia: "No you are not a 'Hui religion disciple' (Huijiao tu)" he reprimanded, "you are a 'Hui person' (Huimin). Hui believe in Islam (Yisilanjiao), not their own Hui religion."

1991, Dru C. Gladney, Muslim Chinese, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 97:

“The Hui used to live in separate neighborhoods, but these days, non-Muslims are moving to Muslim quarters because they are drawn to our clean food and our system of ethics,” said Ma Youming, 35, the production manager of a hat factory in Wuzhong that exports religious headwear to Indonesia, Malaysia and other Muslim countries.[…]
In places like Wuzhong and Linxia, officials have created special “Muslim products” industrial parks that offer inexpensive land and low taxes. Mr. Ma’s company, Yijia Ethnic Clothing, is among those that have benefited from favorable government policies.

2016 February 1, Andrew Jacobs, “Light Government Touch Lets China’s Hui Practice Islam in the Open”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-02-01, Asia Pacific:

Chinese President Xi Jinping has sought to reassure ethnic minorities that they are part of Beijing’s “common prosperity” programme during a visit to one of the country’s poorest regions.
Xi made the remarks on Monday in Wuzhong, in the Ningxia Hui autonomous region – home to the Hui Muslim ethnic minority in the country’s northwest, according to state media reports on Wednesday.

2020 June 11, William Zheng, “Chinese President Xi Jinping tries to reassure ethnic minorities they won’t be ‘left behind’”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2020-06-11:

A prefecture-level city in Ningxia, China.


Pangong Tso

From Tibetan སྤང་གོང་མཚོ (spang gong mtsho).

The Pangong Tso (lake) is about two and a half miles distant from the low ridge of the Surtokh La, or more properly speaking, its natural bar or bund, but the level of the old lake bed extends up to within a very short distance of the pass. A rise of 150 feet in the waters of the present lake would find them again an exit down the valley to Tanksè. A Trigonometrical station lies close to the water's edge, it bears east-south-east from a rock, a quarter mile distant out in the lake, and is marked with a stone having the usual dot and circle cut on it; its height has been determined trigonometrically to be 13,931 feet above the sea. From this mark-stone, a fine view of the first long reach of this elevated and interesting piece of water is obtained. Its colour is of an intense blue, the water as clear as crystal, but far too saline to be drinkable ; there was quite a true salt water feel in the air as the wind blew off it.

1868 [1866 June 16], H. H. Godwin-Austen, “Notes on the PANGONG LAKE district of LADAKH, from journal made in 1863”, in Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal, page 87:

From this, 14,800 feet, the slope was easy, and, while descending, light snow fell for about half an hour. Ere long I got my first glimpse of the Pangong Tso, with its great blue bosom everywhere indented by spurs of the lofty mountains round it.

1870 [1869 July 8], J. L. Stewart, “Notes of a Botanical Tour in Ladak or Western Tibet”, in Transactions of the Botanical Society, volume X, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 224:

The same valley leads farther off to the northwest, passes the fjord-like Pangong Tso to the south and then becomes part of the Shyok valley; the Shyok comes down from the Karakorum pass, flows south at first along the Karakorum fault and then swings sharply northwest by the little town of Shyok.

1987, Blanche Christine Olschak, Himalayas: Growing Mountains, Living Myths, Migrating Peoples, Facts on File, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 81:

From May to September there is a bi-weekly JKSRTC bus from Leh to Spangmik, a village on the shore of Pangong Tso, which departs from Leh on Saturday and Sunday at 06.30, returning to Leh the following morning at 07.00.

2014, Sophie Lovell-Hoare, Max Lovell-Hoare, Kashmir (Bradt Guides), →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 139:

Thousands of soldiers have been facing off since April on the Line of Actual Control (LAC), or the de facto border, including at the glacial Pangong Tso lake.

2021 February 21, Sanjeev Miglani, “Hundreds protest S.China project over pollution worries”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-10-11:

an endorheic lake in eastern Ladakh and the disputed Aksai Chin


Depsang Plains

There is another route from Baltí Púlú to Sarsil from the Depsang Plains, but it is only used in summer, on account of the cold in these plains being very severe in winter.

1868 [1866 April 22], W. H. Johnson, “Report on his Journey to Ilchí, the Capital of Khotan, in Chinese Tartary.”, in The Journal of the Royal Geographic Society of London, volume XXXVII, London: John Murray, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 39:

It seems to me that I entered the hills, from the Indian side, at Barakau on the 25th of June last; that I reached the ‘top’ on the Depsang plains on the 14th of this month; and that to-day I have emerged on the Central Asian side of the hills into the plains of Eastern Turkestan.

1876 [1874 September 27], J. Scully, “A Contribution to the Ornithology of Eastern Turkestan”, in Allan Hume, editor, Stray Feathers: A Journal of Ornithology for India and its Dependencies, volume IV, Calcutta: Calcutta Central Press, →OCLC, page 59:

The following day I crossed the Depsang plains, 17,000 feet above the level of the sea, and found myself again on the Shyok river, now a very shallow stream.

1895, C. S. Cumberland, “Sporting Wanderings”, in Sport on the Pamirs and Turkistan Steppes, William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, page 18:

Followed two more weeks of marching,—rougher marching this time,—through the core of the lofty mountains that divide India from Central Asia; across the terrible Depsang Plains, seventeen thousand feet up; and over four passes choked with snow; till they came upon a deserted fort, set in the midst of stark space, and knew that here, indeed, was the limit of human habitation. Next day the work of exploration had begun in earnest.

1910, Maud Diver, “The Valley of Decision”, in The Great Amulet, New York: John Lane Company, →OCLC, page 368:

The uplifted western rim of the plateau concealed all the world except a few ice-peaks that lifted above it. One of them was K2, the highest peak in the world bar Mount Everest, but from the Depsang Plains, which are sixteen or seventeen thousand feet, K2 and its companions looked strangely truncated.

1930, Owen Lattimore, “Suget and Karakoram”, in High Tartary, Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, →OCLC, page 345:

Dr Thomson, who was the first Englishman to visit that pass—an 18,000-foot high obstacle astride one of the ancient routes between India and Central Asia—observed to its south-east what are now called the Depsang Plains, the extreme western edge of the desolate wasteland of the northern Tibetan plateau.

1964, Alastair Lamb, “The Aksai Chin Boundary in 1875”, in The China-India Border, Oxford University Press, →OCLC, page 77:

I had to have one last look at the Depsang Plains before we left the next day. No one else seemed particularly enthused, so I set off alone up the long gradual slope behind our cricket pitch. Moving quickly I gained the lip of the plain in forty-five minutes and walked off across its remarkable horizontal surface. So strange a place was it that I felt I could be somewhere as remote and curious as on the moon.

1988, Peter Hillary, Rimo: Mountain on the Silk Road, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 83:

Reports that the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) was constructing a road towards the camp of five tents coincided with the breakdown without resolution of the third “flag meeting” between local commanders from both countries. The two sides are camped within 300 yards of one another in the Depsang plain, a mountainous plateau about 16,000ft above sea level.

[2013 May 3, Francis Elliott, Leo Lewis, “Beijing risks clash with India over a road to row of tents”, in The Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-07-26:

The officials said Chinese troops had advanced in the Depsang Plains, also in Ladakh, in violation of border management and jointly agreed patrolling protocols between the two countries.
Depsang is a strategically important area close to Daulat Beg Oldie, where India in recent years made an airstrip close to China operational.

2020 June 25, Ashok Sharma, Aijaz Hussain, “Indian army chief visits troops near troubled China border”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2023-03-26:

Contrary to reports that reaching a settlement on disengagement at Hot Springs will be easy, this is proving to be a stumbling block. Former military officials say that it is an area that is important to both sides.
“Low hanging fruit? The geography of the area makes it as important as Depsang Plains, if not more. Recall in 1959 the first clash took place here!” Harcharanjit Singh Panag, a retired lieutenant general in the Indian Army tweeted.

2022 March 15, Sudha Ramachandran, “No Breakthrough at 15th Round of China-India Talks”, in The Diplomat, archived from the original on 2022-03-15:

Among the remaining contention points between the two armies is an eastern region called the Depsang Plains. Military analysts said that the Chinese Army was not allowing Indian troops to patrol in that area, even though they have done so for decades. While India’s military is already stretched thin, said Saurav Jha, editor in chief of the Delhi Defense Review, it still needs to keep up a permanent patrol to deter China.

2022 September 9, Sameer Yasir, “2 Years After Deadly Fistfights, India and China Pull Back From Border”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-09-09, Asia Pacific:

A gravelly plain in eastern Ladakh and the disputed Aksai Chin.


Houjie

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 厚街 (Hòujiē).

In the Tungkun, Sheklung, Yashan and Lungkang areas, they encountered and defeated many groups of 200 to 300 Chinese soldiers and reached the line connecting Howkai, Talanghu, Changmutow and Pingshanhu on the evening of November 23rd.

[1938, Tokyo Gazette, volume 2, →OCLC, page 42:

The township of Houjie, for example, had an official population of 75,000, but was also home to another 100,000 migrant workers who kept its 900 factories producing. Because of this new supply of inexpensive labor, most Houjie natives had given up farming to become managers and entrepreneurs with a lifestyle and level of material consumption unimaginable under Mao. As Nicholas Kristof discovered when he visited the township shortly after my own trip, the local Party chief had long since abandoned ideology in favor of the affectations of a tycoon. Rather than making his appointed rounds in a Chinese-made Liberation-brand truck, he was ensconced in a chauffeur-driven air-conditioned Mercedes-Benz 300SEL complete with a bibiji and dageda. Towns like Houjie were commercial free-fire zones that moguls from postindustrial countries could only dream about.

1994, Orville Schell, Mandate of Heaven: The Legacy of Tiananmen Square and the Next Generation of China's Leaders, Touchstone Books, published 1995, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 337:

According to the peasant workers, Huang's body floated up six days after the incident. As for Li's body, it was discovered 8 km to 9 km downstream at Houjie township. Huang's body was cremated on February 23 at Dongguan Crematorium and Li's was cremated on February 25. Their relatives from Guangxi did not get to Dongguan until February 27 and March 1, respectively. So they did not have a chance to bid farewell before the cremation.

2001, Anita Chan, China's Workers Under Assault: The Exploitation of Labor in a Globalizing Economy, M.E. Sharpe, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 40:

The city is divided into thirty-two towns, and each one specializes in manufacturing. Chang’an produces electronic components, Dalang is famous for sweaters, and Houjie makes shoes.

2008, Leslie T. Chang, Factory Girls: From Village to City in a Changing China, New York: Spiegel & Grau, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 19:

The town of Houjie was one of the first within Dongguan prefecture to receive Taiwanese investment.

2010, Karl Gerth, As China Goes, So Goes the World: How Chinese Consumers are Transforming Everything, New York: Hill and Wang, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 71:

In a rundown mall in Houjie, a factory town in the urban sprawl of Dongguan, the HSBC branch stands out with its bright posters and smiling receptionist, but only a handful of customers an hour crossed the threshold during a Reuters visit last week.

2017 April 27, “Empty Pearl River Delta branches a check on HSBC's China plan”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-25, Breaking City News:


Shiqi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 石岐 (Shíqí).

“Abalone King” Yeung Koon-yat’s life has changed dramatically from the extreme poverty he was born into in 1932 in Shiqi, a subdistrict of Zhongshan, Guangdong province.

2022 January 9, Susan Jung, “Born poor, Hong Kong’s ‘Abalone King’ worked his way up to found a three-Michelin-star restaurant by perfecting the cooking of the dried delicacy”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-01-09, Food & Drink:

A subdistrict of Zhongshan, Guangdong, China

Frederick A. Praeger
Shiqi Subdistrict, Guangdong


Chuxiong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 楚雄 (Chǔxióng).

Last March, an ideological worker in Yunnan's Chuxiong prefecture complained in a letter to the newspaper in Kunming that "some parents are greedy and sell their daughters as if they were commodities" and some married women abandoned their husbands and children "to seek ease and comfort and to get more money."

1983 January 6 [1983 January 5], Christopher S. Wren, “CHINA STILL FIGHTING AN OLD ABUSE: WOMEN FOR SALE”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, Section A, page 2:

An Yi autonomous prefecture in Yunnan, China.


Bozhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 亳州 (Bózhōu).

Han Shan-t’ung of Pochou, the leading White Lotus propagandist in northern Anhwei, advertised himself to his followers as a descendant of the artist-emperor Sung Hui-tsung (r. 1100-25), whose capture by the Jurchen invaders had ended the Northern Sung dynasty (960-1126).

[1982, Edward L. Dreyer, “The Rise of the Ming Empire, 1352-1368”, in Early Ming China: A Political History, 1355-1435, Stanford, Cali.: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 17:

In the meantime, LGFVs like Anhui Bozhou Jianan Investment Holding Co Ltd, the financing vehicle for the Bozhou city government in Anhui province, one of China's poorest regions, will continue to struggle to service per capita debt that stood at about 3,100 yuan in 2013 from per capita revenue of just 1,635 yuan.

2015 March 9, Koh Gui Qing, Matthew Miller, Beijing Newsroom, Nate Taplin, Pete Sweeney, “China's deficit plans put squeeze on local government financing”, in John Mair, Will Waterman, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2016-06-07:

Finally, Ms. Wang and her boyfriend took an early train to the northwestern city of Bozhou from Shanghai’s Hongqiao station, then car-pooled with other residents to her hometown near Zhoukou in Henan Province.

2023 January 21, Chang Che, John Liu, “China Cautiously Takes to the Road for Lunar New Year”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-01-22:

A prefecture-level city in Anhui, China.


Longnan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 龍南／龙南 (Lóngnán).

A county-level city in Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China, formerly a county.


Longnan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 隴南／陇南 (Lǒngnán).

During the tour Comrade Hu Yaobang inspected the two Tibetan autonomous prefectures -- Garze and Aba -- in Sichuan and over a dozen counties and districts of Longnan Special Prefecture [Long nan zhuan qu 7150 0589 1413 0575] in Gansu.[…]
In Longnan Prefecture [Long nan di qu 7150 0589 0966 0575], people have gone all out to grow trees and grass in recent years, creating a new experience in developing mountainous areas.

1985 October 8, Chaoren Guo, Huang Chang Changlu, “Hu Yaobang Revisits Route of Long March”, in Daily Report: China, volume I, number 195, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, →ISSN, →OCLC, page K 1:

This form of grassland is mainly located in the mountainous region of Longnan Prefecture, and covers a total area of 12 million mu.

1993, John W. Longworth, Gregory J. Williamson, “Gansu”, in China's Pastoral Region: Sheep and Wool, Minority Nationalities, Rangeland Degradation and Sustainable Development, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 123:

There is the saying, ‘Two heads are better than one’. For example, I talked to over 100 women from different sectors of Longnan Prefecture twice to sensitize them to women’s issues and to build up their confidence. When I was walking down the street, I was often stopped by women who would come up and tell me how much they had changed after they heard my lectures.

1999, Wu Qing, “What I Know about Gender and Development”, in Feminists doing Development: A Practical Critique, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 67:

Thousands of people rioted this week over a resettlement plan in Longnan, a poverty-stricken region of Gansu Province where 1.8 million people were made homeless by the Sichuan earthquake. Protesters in Wudu, a city in Longnan, attacked officials and the police with iron rods, chains, axes and hoes and threw stones, bricks and flowerpots, according to the local government's report of the incident.

2008 October 20, “The Internet drives China to loosen its grip on the media”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-11, Technology:

In nearby Longnan in the neighboring province of Gansu, also jolted by the quake, eight people died in landslides caused by heavy rain, the People’s Daily said.

2017 August 8, Christian Shepherd, David Stanway, Michael Martina, Faith Hung, Ben Blanchard, “Quake in China's Sichuan kills 19, including tourists; injures 247”, in Michael Perry, Clarence Fernandez, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-12, Environment:

The east provinces of Jiangxi and Zhejiang, as well as the northwest city of Longnan, have urged employers to offer the extended weekend so that more people can help to re-energise domestic tourism.

2020 March 26, Charles Bremner, Will Pavia, “Coronavirus: Macron to scrap short working week to ‘win economic war’”, in The Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-08-22:

Landslides backed up a river, trapping 48 people on rooftops in Longnan city in the southern part of Gansu province, according to The Paper, an online news portal.

2020 August 18, “People stranded on rooftops by rain, flooding in China”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-11, Asia & Pacific:

A prefecture-level city in Gansu, China, formerly a prefecture.


Pinggu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 平谷 (Pínggǔ).

In Pinggu, a suburb of Beijing, residents were told that they would receive 50-yuan ($7.60) prizes in cash or merchandise once they had been fully vaccinated.

2021 April 5, Lily Kuo, Lyric Li, “China’s covid vaccine drive is lagging. Free food could help turn things around.”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-04-05, Asia & Pacific:

A district of Beijing, China, formerly a county.


Yanqing

/ˌjɑːnˈt͡ʃɪŋ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 延慶／延庆 (Yánqìng).

Officials from the Yanqing district of Beijing, which houses the section of the wall that was on offer, also said in a statement they had not been notified of the event and had not approved it.

2018 August 8, “Airbnb axes Great Wall of China stay competition after conservation concerns”, in DW News, archived from the original on 2018-08-08, News:

Alpine skiing at the 2022 Olympics will take place in the Yanqing District, where it should be plenty cold but where it snows little and every flake ski racers careen across will be man-made.

2021 December 5, Matthew Futterman, “On its 4-Year Cue, Skiing Re-enters the Spotlight Ahead of Olympics”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-12-05, Olympics:


Mentougou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 門頭溝／门头沟 (Méntóugōu).

Between Saturday evening and Monday at 1 p.m., Beijing recorded an average of about 7 inches of rain. In the city’s Mentougou District, the average was over 12 inches, according to data from Beijing’s weather service, and Fangshan, another district on the capital’s outskirts, recorded even more.

2023 July 31, Chris Buckley, “Two Dead as Heavy Rains Batter Beijing, Putting City on Alert”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-07-31, Asia Pacific:


Miyun

In 1971, the students in the Chinese department specializing in literature and their teachers went to a production brigade in Miyun County on Peking's outskirts to do some investigation work. The heroic deeds of Liu Mao-ching, the brigade's late Party branch secretary who had led the peasants in building a socialist new countryside, inspired them to do creative writing.

1974 [1973 February 2], Theodore Hsi-en Chen, “Taking All Society as their Factory—Peking University's Achievements in Educational Revolution in the Liberal Arts”, in The Maoist Educational Revolution, Praeger Publishers, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 288:

The news agency did not report the details of the accident, which took place in the Miyun County suburb on Thursday night, but it said the Chinese police confirmed there were 37 dead.

2004 February 5, Christine Hauser, “At Least 37 Dead, 15 Injured in Festival Stampede in China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-09-02, Asia Pacific:


Huairou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 懷柔／怀柔 (Huáiróu).

A number of leading members of the Peking municipal government have been helping with drawing up plans. They carried out an investigation in Huaijou county and listed six types of farming areas. Their analysis has helped the local communes to improve their plans for bigger harvests in line with the specific local conditions.

[1965 March 26 [1965 March 25], “Government Workers Leave for Farm Areas”, in Daily Report: Foreign Radio Broadcasts, number 58, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Peking NCNA International Service, →OCLC, page CCC 3:

The first county-level "front-line command" was reportedly established in Huaijou county, Peking, in February 1967.

[1971, Richard Baum, “The Cultural Revolution in the Countryside: Anatomy of a Limited Rebellion”, in Thomas W. Robinson, editor, The Cultural Revolution in China, University of California Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 440:

Recent reports attribute the first walls in the Mu-t’ien-yü valley in Huai-jou county near Peking to the Northern Sung.

[1990, Arthur Waldron, The Great Wall of China: From History to Myth, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 236:


Shunyi

The controversy took off this week after a user of Weibo, a popular Chinese microblog service, accused Mr. Gärtner of insulting Chinese people after a standoff over the parking spot in Shunyi, a district in northeast Beijing where many middle-class foreigners and Chinese live in townhouse communities that rub shoulders with poorer residents who used to be farmers.

2016 November 22, Chris Buckley, “Daimler Executive Is Removed After Accusations of Insulting Chinese”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-11-22, Asia Pacific:

Beijing sealed off 10 areas of its northeastern Shunyi district on Tuesday, the first lockdown in the Chinese capital since the last coronavirus outbreak in the months of June and July.
The city has reported 16 infections and three asymptomatic cases since Dec. 18, when the first cases were found. Most of the cases were in Shunyi, which has banned couriers from entering residential compounds.

2020 December 29, Colin Qian, Ryan Woo, “China's capital locks down part of district in coronavirus fight”, in Clarence Fernandez, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-08-23, Health:

China's capital city Beijing has entered "emergency" mode after seven cases of coronavirus were found. Some villages in Shunyi District have been completely sealed off. While the number of infections appears small, before last week the city of over 21 million had not logged a local case of COVID-19 in 152 days.

2020 December 29, “Coronavirus digest: UK sets another daily record”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2020-12-29, News:


Changping

/(ˈ)t͡ʃɑŋˈpɪŋ/

The hsien consist of Ch'ang-p'ing with the Ming tombs north of the city, Fang-shan where the remains of Peking Man were found southwest of the city, Ta-hsing, T'ung and Shun-yi.

[1968, “PEKING (PEIPING)”, in Encyclopedia Britannica, volume 17, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 533, column 2:

The thirteen tombs of the Ming dynasty occupy 15.6 square miles, rivaling anything constructed for the living. The tombs are located in Changping district, in Beijing, and lie at the foot of the Tianshou Mountains.

1995, Imperial Tombs of China, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 7:

The village, in the Changping District of Beijing, designated the developments as tourism and cultural projects, sidestepping zoning restrictions against purely residential construction on what was classified as agricultural land.

2020 August 7, Steven Lee Myers, Keith Bradsher, “Beijing Launches Another Demolition Drive, This Time in Its Bucolic Suburbs”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-08-07, Asia Pacific:

Beijing has been hoping to avoid the weeks of lockdowns that Shanghai has endured but the growing number of residential buildings under lockdown orders is unnerving residents.
"I've already been working from home but I'm worried I might run out of daily supplies," said a 28-year-old resident of Changping district in north Beijing surnamed Wang after being barred from leaving her compound on Monday.

2022 May 9, Martin Quin Pollard, Brenda Goh, Zhang Yan, Winni Zhou, David Stanway, Ryan Woo, John Geddie, “'Like a prison': Shanghai, Beijing ratchet up COVID restrictions”, in Mark Heinrich, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-09, Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals:


Shijingshan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 石景山 (Shíjǐngshān).

The iron and steel plant of Shih-ching-shan is situated on the Yung-ting Ho, 14 mi. west of the city centre. This plant, first opened in 1920, was completed in 1937 and produced 80,000 tons of pig iron at its peak under Japanese rule. The plant was greatly expanded by the Communists, and annual production increased to more than five times its previous capacity. Beyond Shih-ching-shan, at the end of a rail spur, 20 mi. west of the city centre, are the coal mines of Men-t'ou-kou.

[1968, “PEKING (PEIPING)”, in Encyclopedia Britannica, volume 17, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 533, column 1:

A six-story building was recently completed in Shihchingshan District, Peking Municipality, solving the housing problem for some 130 faculty members of primary and middle schools in the district.

[1978 May 12 [1978 April 26], “Peking Teacher Housing”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 93, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, →OCLC, page K 6:

With the start of the ceremony minutes away Friday night, Zhang’s father had come in from the apartment across the hallway on the second floor of the austere building in the Shijingshan District on Beijing’s West Side.

2008 August 8, Harvey Araton, “In Living Room, a Window Into the Games”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-01-06, Olympics:

In the Shijingshan neighborhood, vaccinated residents were given free entry into all parks — a measure that some Internet users called “a little stingy.”

2021 April 5, Lily Kuo, Lyric Li, “China’s covid vaccine drive is lagging. Free food could help turn things around.”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-04-05, Asia & Pacific:


Haidian

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 海淀 (Hǎidiàn).

We woke up this morning to find ourselves in Communist territory. Advance Red units pushed past Yenching last night and occupied Haitien, the village just south of us on the road to Peiping.

[1949 February 5 [1948 December 16], Samuel Moffett, “Behind the Curtain: Reds Occupy Yenching”, in Presbyterian Life, volume 2, number 3, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 14, column 3:

They planned a large rally for July 26 at Chungkuantsun, a crossroads in the Haitien district, but Peking University students under the direction of Nieh Yuan-tzu blocked the streets with stalled buses and trucks.

[1972, William Hinton, “People Set Aside”, in Hundred Day War: The Cultural Revolution at Tsinghua University, New York and London: Modern Review Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 188:

Six new cases were found in Beijing's central districts of Chaoyang and Haidian. China is seeing a spike in cases due to domestic travel in the past month.

2021 November 11, “Coronavirus digest: Germany reports new record-high case numbers”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2021-11-12:

When a column of smoke appeared on Thursday over the Sitong Bridge overpass in the Haidian district of Beijing, it drew attention to a protester who had hung banners openly bashing China’s top leader by name and criticizing the country’s “zero Covid” policy, including one calling for “freedom and not lockdowns.”[…]
Chinese censors have restricted searches about the episode on Weibo, China’s equivalent of Twitter, blocking certain hashtags, including “Beijing,” “Sitong Bridge” and “Haidian.”

2022 October 14, Daisuke Wakabayashi, Claire Fu, “China’s Internet Censors Race to Quell Beijing Protest Chatter”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-10-14, Asia Pacific:


Daxing

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 大興／大兴 (Dàxīng, “Greatly Prosperous”).

(historical) A former capital of China under the Sui Dynasty, now within Xi'an, Shaanxi.

Huangtukang, or "Yellow Earth Mound", is the name of a well-known commune in Tahsing county south of Peking which I chose out of the many good communes around to visit, for some of its brigades have much to show in the way of dramatic change.

[1973, Rewi Alley, “Peking & Tientsin”, in Travels in China, 1966-71 [中国见闻], Peking: New World Press, →OCLC, page 526:

Even a short item, like Shoes to Strike Roots, by the amateur propaganda team of Tahsing county, near Peking, may use an elementary dialectic. This ten-minute dance provides a reminder of a tradition of the revolutionary wars when village women showed their support for the red soldiers by sewing cloth shoes for them out of pieces of rag.

[1975, Roger Howard, “New Workers' and Peasants' Amateur Theatre”, in Eastern Horizon, volume XIV, number 5, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 47, column 2:

The area, Shoubaozhuang, is not one of the affluent, gated residential compounds springing up around Beijing, but a poor village of rural migrants toiling at low-paying jobs. It was chosen, along with 15 other areas in the Daxing district of Beijing, to be walled off to outsiders, in what officials say is an experimental effort to curb crime. The authorities say the experiment has been a success  the Communist Party-run People’s Daily said the crime rate in the walled villages in Daxing district dropped by 73 percent from April to July this year  and the “walled village” concept is being quickly expanded to other districts outside Beijing’s center that are populated by migrant workers.

2010 October 3, Helen Gao, “Migrant ‘Villages’ Within a City Ignite Debate”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2011-09-28, BEIJING JOURNAL:

The fire broke out Saturday evening in a two-story structure in the Daxing District, about 11 miles south of the Chinese capital’s prosperous downtown. Around 6 p.m., the flames began consuming the building, and thick smoke spilled into the air. Firefighters spent three hours battling the fire, according to a news release from Daxing officials.

2017 November 19, Chris Buckley, “Fire Kills at Least 19 in Beijing Apartment Building”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-11-19, Asia Pacific:


Dongcheng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 東城／东城 (Dōngchéng).

In Beijing’s Dongcheng District where 560,000 residents live, some 936 neighborhood stores, restaurants, health clinics, nurseries, and cultural and educational centers have been established.

1981, Laurence J.C. Ma, “Urban Housing Supply in the People's Republic of China”, in Urban Development in Modern China, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 236:

Dongcheng Wenhuaguan, the culture museum in Dongcheng, acting like an events organizer, also has a similar group that meets every Saturday.

2009 January 2, Gan Tian, “Learning Peking-opera pieces”, in Beijing Today, number 396, →OCLC, page 11:

The soul of old Beijing lives on throughout Dongcheng District, where you'll find the city’s top historic sites and idyllic hutong worth getting lost in.

2015, Stephen Brewer, John Rambow, Caroline Trefler, editors, Fodor's Beijing, 5th edition, Fodor's, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 50:

Beijing so far has reported over 300 cases under the current wave, and authorities on Saturday banned city-wide dining services starting Sunday to May 4 -- an attempt to curb infections during a holiday that is typically an annual peak consumption period.
"It will have a definite impact on sales," a restaurant employee surnamed An told AFP, as she scanned for customers around Beijing's Dongcheng district -- home to historic attractions like the Forbidden City.

2022 May 1, “Beijing tourist sites empty in Covid-stalked public holiday”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2022-05-01:

The KMT’s act of self-humiliation is reminiscent of what happened in 1948, when it was being buffeted by the storm of the Chinese Civil War.
In January of that year, a group of KMT members established the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (中國國民黨革命委員會), which supported the CCP’s call, as one of its “May Day slogans,” to establish a democratic coalition government.
In so doing, the committee sent a friendly message to the CCP.
Today, the committee is a subordinate organization of the CCP, with its headquarters on humble Donghuangchenggen S Street in Beijing’s Dongcheng District (東城).

2022 September 3, 愚工 [Yu Kung], “China shuns friendliness of KMT”, in Julian Clegg, transl., Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-09-03, Editorials, page 8:


Sijiangou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 泗澗溝／泗涧沟 (Sìjiàngōu).

zh-l

泗澗溝／泗涧沟 (Sìjiàngōu)

As a whole the mortuary pottery of Ssu-chien-kou, including all sorts of household vessels, architectural models, human figures and animals is altogether of very fine quality in art. Tomb 16 of Ssu-chien-kou has yielded a[...]

[1982, 香港中文大學中國文化硏究所學報 [The Journal of the Institute of Chinese Studies of the Chinese University of Hongkong], volumes 13-14, Chinese University of Hongkong, →OCLC, page 212:

The tree was excavated from Tomb 8 at Jiyuan, Sijiangou in Henan Province.

1994, Bulletin, numbers 66-67, Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities, Stockholm, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 28:

A tree, made of ceramic glazed in green and red, dating from the Western Han Dynasty, 63 centimeters high was found in a tomb near Sijiangou of the Jiyuan district in the province of Henan.

2002, Silvia Freiin Ebner von Eschenbach, “Trees of Life and Trees of Death in China: The Magical Quality of Trees in a Deforested Country”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, volume 152, number 2, →ISSN, →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 381:

Since the 1970s, models of pottery winnowing-machines have been unearthed continually in Jiyuan and Luoyang, at the Henan province and in Ruicheng, at the Shanxi province. Among them, a winnowing-machine model unearthed in Sijiangou, Jiyuan could be traced back to the period of the Western Han (Fig. 23) [13].

2009, F. Lisheng, T. Qingjun, “Crank-Connecting Rod Mechanism”, in International Symposium on History of Machines and Mechanisms, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 247:

From the Melikawat Ruins in Hotan, Xinjiang (新疆), which belonged to the Later Han Dynasty, and the tomb found in Sijiangou (泗澗溝) Village in Jiyuan (濟源), Henan (河南) Province, nude sculptures of mud and clay were excavated.

2016, Jeong Su-il, The Silk Road Encyclopedia, Seoul Selection U.S.A., Inc., →ISBN, →OCLC, page https://books.google.com/books?id=UgOwDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT1715:

This pottery lamp, one of the multitude of the potteries unearthed in Sijiangou Han tomb, was discovered at the meeting place of the front chamber and the passageway which leads to the back chamber.

2021 May 14, “Red glazed pottery lamp with embracing bears design”, in acf, editor, Henan Museum, archived from the original on 2022-04-02:

An archaeological site in Sijian, Zhicheng, Jiyuan, Henan, China.


Ngawa

In the latest of dozens of deadly immolations to protest Chinese rule, a Tibetan women set herself ablaze and died on March 5 in Tibet’s Ngawa region, the International Campaign for Tibet said.

2015 March 10, Abhishek Madhukar, “China choosing Dalai Lama like Castro naming pope - Tibetan exile leader”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-06, Top News:

The Nhasangs themselves are from Ngaba, which is in the Amdo region of northeastern Tibetan, a cultural borderland where Tibetan and Sichuan traditions meet. China has decreed that Ngaba is within Sichuan Province.

[2022 November 8, Pete Wells, “Restaurant Review: Why Does This Tibetan Kitchen Also Cook Sichuan Food?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-11-08, Food:

A Tibetan and Qiang autonomous prefecture in Sichuan, China.


Lingao

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 臨高／临高 (Língāo).

臨高／临高 (Língāo)

Subsequently, "all Hainan Island was swept by a wave of discrimination, attack, insult and threat against outside cadres [with the result that] everybody was plunged into a state of panic." This came to a climax in December 1956 with a "miniature Hungarian incident" in Linkao county.

[1979, Frederick C. Teiwes, Politics & Purges in China: Rectification and the Decline of Party Norms, 1950-1965, M.E. Sharpe, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 370:

Wang Haibian was among the first few people in Maniao, a fishing community in Lingao County of Hainan Province, south China, to get hooked on drugs in the mid-1990s.

2020 November 27, Li Nan, “Beijing Review: How an addict conquered both his addiction and poverty”, in AP News, PR Newswire, archived from the original on 2023-09-10:


Gaoyao

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 高要 (Gāoyāo).

A man answering the phones at the city government of Gaoyao, located 230 kilometers to the northwest of Hong Kong, confirmed late Monday afternoon that pigs were dying there.[…]
Hong Kong media were full of lurid accounts Monday of pigs staggering around with blood pouring from their bodies in Gaoyao and neighboring Yunfu, both in Guangdong Province.

2007 May 7, Keith Bradsher, “Concerns raised on China's global health disclosures”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-17, Asia Pacific:

A propaganda department of Zhaoqing city’s Gaoyao district, which oversees Lubu town with a population of more than 70,000, said police were injured.
In a post on its official Sina Weibo account, Gaoyao’s Communist Party committee propaganda department said that around noon “some ordinary people who are unaware of the truth led by some troublemakers attempted to storm the Lubu town government” and attacked and injured some police officers who were trying to maintain order. It said those people should surrender themselves to police and people at the government offices should leave the site immediately.[…]
The post by the Gaoyao propaganda department was removed later Sunday afternoon. Photos of the protest also posted on Sina Weibo had earlier apparently been taken down by censors.

2016 July 3, Louise Watt, “Police injured as residents protest incinerator in China”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-31:

Secondly, associated demonstration of the breakdown structure and the progress of government work has been made on government web portals. The governments of Chengdu City, Sichuan Province and Gaoyao District, Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province, have set up special webpages to disclose information about each work task of the government.

2021, He Tian, Yanbin Lv, editors, Assessing Government Transparency in China (2018), →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 59–60:

A district of Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China


Xinchengzi

/ˌʃɪnˈt͡ʃʌŋ(d)zɪ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 新城子 (Xīnchéngzi).

In Xinchengzi, the rural township north of Miyun, farmers are no longer able to draw water from wells, forcing them to buy water from trucks.

2000 May 31, “Capital's main dam shrinking fast”, in South China Morning Post, archived from the original on 2023-06-18:

Two macaques, the only species of monkey native to Beijing municipality, have made surprise appearances this year in Yaoqiaoyu Village, Xinchengzi Town of Miyun County.

2004 February 13, Zhang Ran, “Monkeys Return to Miyun”, in Beijing Today, number 141, →OCLC, page 5:

A town in Miyun district, Beijing, China.


Hongya

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 洪雅.

Finance and Revenue departments in Hungya County have seriously implemented the financial and economic general principle of developing the economy and guaranteeing supplies, grasped revolution and promoted production, actively supported industry and agriculture, promoted the development of production and increased revenue.

[1974 October 15 [1974 October 14], “Revenue Increasing in Two Szechwan Counties”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 200, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Chengtu Szechwan Provincial Service, translation of original in Mandarin, →ISSN, →OCLC, page J 4:

Szechwan.[…]By the end of 1977, Hungya County had some 22,600 oxen in sties.

[1978, Summary of World Broadcasts: The Far East Weekly Supplement, →OCLC, page 17:

The company used the money to buy a mine with 50 million cubic metres of granite in Hongya county, a poor, remote region in western Sichuan.[…]
Hongya has the fourth largest natural forest in China with an area of 72,000 hectares. Ninety per cent of the trees are more than 100 years old.

1998 November 15, Mark O'Neill, “Professor targeted over his TV exposure of illegal logging trade in precious”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-10-09:

In June 1993, Roy Lancaster saw Ribes davidii in the wilds of Hongya County, southwestern Sichuan, growing as an epiphyte in cloud-forest communities at 2700 m, with Rhododendron moupinense, Vaccinium moupinense, and the intriguing pink-flowered, epiphytic Solomon’s seal, Heteropolygonatum xui.

2005, The Jade Garden: New & Notable Plants from Asia, Timber Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 147:


Huaning

Pu was born in 1929 in Huaning County, Yunnan Province. After graduation from senior high school in 1948, he joined the CCP and was sent to rural areas to engage in underground work.

1987, Wolfgang Bartke, “Pu Chaozhu [普朝柱]”, in Who's Who in the People's Republic of China, 2nd edition, K. G. Saur, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 364, column 1:

More than 6,500 Adu people live in central Yunnan Province in southwest China. Approximately 3,500 live in Huaning County within Yuxi Prefecture. Their village names in Huaning are Songzichang, Xinzhai, Keju, and Chengmentong.

2000, Paul Hattaway, Operation China: Introducing all the Pooples of China, Piquant, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 25:

According to a study conducted by Lofstedt, Shusheng, and Johansson (2004), in China high gender ratios of males at birth are due to abortion practices. Between 1984 and 1987 rates of abortions for female fetuses in Huaning County, Yunnan Province, in China increased, creating a ratio of 107 males to 100 females, while between the period from 1988-2000 the ratio rose again to 110 males to 100 females.

2006, Carol Holtz, Suzanne Grisdale, “Global Health in Reproduction and Infants”, in Global Health Care: Issues and Policies, Jones and Bartlett, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, pages 449–450:

The quake damaged over 6,000 homes and affected more than 48,000 residents in Tonghai and Huaning counties and in the district of Jiangchuan, all administered by the city of Yuxi, the provincial civil affairs department said in a statement.

2018 August 14, “Earthquake in China: Magnitude-5 jolt hits Yunnan Province, 18 injured”, in The Financial Express, archived from the original on 2018-08-14, World News:


Honghe

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 紅河／红河 (Hónghé).

The Yi also share an autonomous chou, Hungho, and the adjoining Kiangcheng hsien with the Hani, one of the ethnic groups closely associated with the Yi proper.

[1972, Theodore Shabad, China's Changing Map, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 48:

Most of the chronically poor counties in Yunnan Province in the late 1970s tended to specialize in nongrain crops in the late 1950s. That was particularly true of ten counties, almost half the provincial total of chronically poor counties, located in two contiguous prefectures, Wenshan and Hungho, in tropical southeastern Yunnan.

[1983, Nicholas R. Lardy, “Living standards and the distribution of income”, in Agriculture in China's modern economic development, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 185:

All six victims were being treated in a hospital in Yunnan Province, in southwestern China. According to reports on Thursday from three local news media organizations, they fell ill after being injected with Ciwujia at No. 4 People's Hospital in Honghe prefecture.

2008 October 9, Edward Wong, Huang Yuanxi, “After 3 deaths, China bans an herbal treatment”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-12, Asia Pacific:

The world's top private aluminium producer China Hongqiao Group plans to move 1.93 million tonnes of aluminium capacity to the Honghe prefecture in southwest Yunnan province, a local government notice showed.

2021 December 28, Min Zhang, Tom Daly, “China Hongqiao to move aluminium smelting capacity to Yunnan province”, in Raju Gopalakrishnan, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-05-05, Currencies:

A Hani and Yao autonomous prefecture in Yunnan, China.


Erlitou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 二里頭 (Èrlǐtóu, literally “two Li head”).

der

Continued excavation at the Shang dynasty site at Erlitou in Yenshih county, Honan province, has yielded more finds of importance.

1975 November, Nai Hsia, “The Slaves Were the Makers of History—New archaeological finds on ancient Chinese slave society”, in China Reconstructs, volume XXIV, number 11, China Welfare Institute, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 40, column 2:

Most Chinese archaeologists believe that a site called Erlitou near Luoyang was for a time a Xia capital. If one takes the traditional commentaries and texts seriously, Erlitou was certainly at the right place and the right time to be a Xia capital.

2006, Robert L. Thorp, Visiting China's Past: A Guide to Sites and Resources, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 67–68:

Dr. Wu’s team said its reconstruction of the outburst flood from the Jishi Gorge showed that the ancient textual accounts of the Great Flood “may well be rooted in a historic natural event.” The finding also supports the idea, the researchers say, that archaeological remains found at Erlitou, a site about 1,550 miles downstream from the gorge, may have been the Xia capital, given that the Erlitou culture dates to 1900 B.C., the same time as the Jishi Gorge flood.

2016 August 4, Nicholas Wade, “Scientific Evidence of Flood May Give Credence to Legend of China’s First Dynasty”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-08-04:

The excavation of a 2,000-year-old palace in the village of Erlitou, Yanshi county – which has since been recovered as farmland – led to the site being identified as Zhengxun, the last capital of the Xia, by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. This sparked both excitement and scepticism throughout the academic world.

2017 July 14, Thomas Bird, “The rise and fall of Luoyang, China’s forgotten capital”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-07-15, Long Reads:

A village in Yanshi district, Luoyang, Henan, China.


Naiman

On Saturday, the police detained dozens of residents of Naiman Banner in Inner Mongolia after weeks of protests and violent clashes over fears of pollution from a chemical plant, according to reports from the Southern Mongolian Human Rights Information Center, an advocacy group based in the United States, and Radio Free Asia, a broadcaster funded by the United States government.

2015 April 7, Austin Ramzy, “Leak Causes Another Blast at Chemical Plant Targeted by Protesters”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-05-28, Sinosphere:

A banner in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China.


Bohai Bay

Partial calque of Mandarin 渤海灣／渤海湾 (Bóhǎiwān).

partial calque

The third emerging civilization in Neolithic China during the third millennium B.C. was the Dawenkou culture, with a long-lived tradition of millet farming, located in a broad area from Pohai Bay on the Shantung Peninsula, extended west into the eastern parts of the loess plain and south to the periphery of the Yangtze delta.

[2007, Tai P. Ng, “The Individual, Society and State”, in Chinese Culture, Western Culture: Why must we learn from each other? (Social Sciences), New York, London, Shanghai: iUniverse, Inc., →ISBN, →OCLC, page 198:

As of March this year, pipelines accommodating 17 MW were already installed between Donghai and a pilot wind project in Bohai Bay near Tianjin.

2010 September 7, Manuela Zoninsein, “Chinese Offshore Development Blows Past U.S.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-04-17, ClimateWire:

In 2012, ConocoPhillips and CNOOC reached a $160 million agreement with the Ministry of Agriculture to settle compensation claims related to the spill. ConocoPhillips also said it would help pay for social projects in Bohai Bay and reduce pollutants in the bay.

2015 July 27, “China accepts group’s case against ConocoPhillips, CNOOC”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-06-14:

One of the three major bays of the Bohai Sea, part of the territorial waters of China.


Bohai Sea

Bohai Sea (canonical)
the Bohai Sea (canonical)

Another crisis, the deaths of 70 officers and sailors aboard submarine No. 361 in the Bo Hai Sea in late April, further illustrated Hu's new way of doing business, analysts said.

2003 June 27, John Pomfret, “Chinese Leader Solidifies Power”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-04-19, Politics:

Bohai Sea is on the northeastern coast of China, bounded by Liaodong and Shandong Peninsulas, so pollution there is slow to wash out to the ocean, exacerbating damage to local marine life.

2009 June 22, “Oil slicks poisoning China's Bohai Sea - official”, in Emma Graham-Harrison, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-14, Oil Report:

Then there is the question of the water quality in the Bohai Sea, a large basin that swirls into Beidaihe.
“The water quality is bad,” said Prof. Wang Yamin, of Shandong University Marine College. Runoffs from chemical fertilizer plants have spoiled the sea in the last 30 or so years as China’s economy has grown, he said.

2019 August 22, Jane Perlez, “At Mao’s Beach, China’s Leaders Still Make History as Lifeguards Hide From the Sun”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-08-22, Asia Pacific:

A marginal sea on the east coast of China.


Minhang

From the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 閔行／闵行 (Mǐnháng).

Innovations and new construction of the last decade have brought about remarkable changes in Shanghai’s industrial outlook. A dozen industrial districts, such as Minhang, Woosung and Pengpu, which have been built up or extended, have done much to remedy the inadequacies and overconcentration of the past.

1964, Yu-ti (任育地) Jen, “The Middle and Lower Yangtze Region”, in 中国地理概述 [A Concise Geography of China], Peking: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, page 114:

Unlike the crowds of poor and elderly who often braved repeated arrest to protest the evictions, the opponents of the maglev line have mostly been members of the city's new and fast-growing middle class who live along the proposed train route, in the city's Minhang district.

2007 August 8, Howard W. French, “Dream of high-speed rail may prove Shanghai politician's final nightmare”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-09-02, Asia Pacific:

The sprawling district of Minhang in central Shanghai has implemented new lockdown measures to detect and control COVID-19 transmission risks, the district government said on Thursday.

2022 June 8, “Shanghai's Minhang district announces new lockdown”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-06-09, China:


Qingpu

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 青浦 (Qīngpǔ, literally “Verdant Bank”), a 1542 combination of the name of 青龍／青龙 (Qīnglóng), the principal local town at the time, and 浦 (pǔ, literally “riverbank”) after the many streams flowing into the Wusong River (now Suzhou Creek) in the area.

bor

The result has been that in response to a petition from the people of Chingpu, forwarded by the Shanghai Taotai, in whose jurisdiction the district lies, Viceroy Chou Fu, of Nanking, has informed the Waiwupu as to how matters are, with the request that, as Chingpu is not a Treaty port, nor a dependency of Shanghai district, the Waiwupu should communicate with the British and American Ministers in Peking and ask them to stop all further encroachments into Chingpu district.

[1905 June 16, “The Proposed Municipal Read to the Hills.”, in North-China Herald, volume LXXV, number 1975, Shanghai, →OCLC, page 587, column 2:

Although most of the new commuter towns are "characterless," according to Sun Jiwei, the local government's vice district chief in the Qingpu district, Zhujiajiao New Town, where Cambridge Watertown is situated, is an exception.

2006 April 20, Elaine Louie, “China 's New Home Life”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2006-10-28, Style:


Xuhui

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 徐匯／徐汇 (Xúhuì, literally “Xu Confluence”), a clipping of 徐家匯／徐家汇 (Xújiāhuì, literally “Xu Family Confluence”) in reference to the prominence of the Xu family in the area during the Ming dynasty and the previous junction of several streams and canals in the district's Xujiahui neighborhood.

Because of the pressures exerted, in some areas it was unnecessary for the ch'ü IPPE committees to take any action at all. For example, in Hsühui ch'ü all the firms which the IPPE Committee had intended to inspect came forward and made voluntary confessions, apologizing for their sins.

[1969, John Gardner, “The Wu-fan Campaign in Shanghai: A Study in the Consolidation of Urban Control”, in A. Doak Barnett, editor, Chinese Communist Politics in Action, University of Washington Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 521:

(Hsinlo) and (Hsuchen) neighborhoods in Hsuhui District, which have offered educational classes for educated youths since September and November, respectively, have recently invited returning educated youths to attend these classes free of charge.

[1978 December 15 [1978 December 13], “Shanghai Assists Youths Returning from Countryside”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 242, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Shanghai City Service, translation of original in Mandarin, →OCLC, page G 2:

According to a report from Xuhui District, over 40 of its intersections are blocked.

2018 [1989 June], Rongji Zhu, “Get Organized and Maintain Shanghai's Stability”, in Zhu Rongji on the Record: The Shanghai Years, 1987-1991, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page https://books.google.com/books?id=Fe_WDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT327&lpg=PT327:

Another boy and a woman were also stabbed, but their injuries were not life-threatening, according to a statement from the police in the Xuhui district of Shanghai.

2018 June 28, Austin Ramzy, “Shanghai Knife Attack Kills Two Schoolchildren”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-06-28, Asia Pacific:


Fengxian

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 奉賢／奉贤 (Fèngxián, literally “offer to the worthy”), a 1726 modification of the earlier name 齊賢／齐贤 (Qíxián, literally “equal to the worthy”).

At Fengsien, 45 kilometres due south of Shanghai, a Japanese force attacked a band of 400 guerillas at 4 a.m. on August 13, putting them to flight.

1938 August 24 [1938 August 21], “Japanese Round Up Guerillas”, in North-China Herald and Supreme Court & Consular Gazette, volume CCVIII, number 3707, Shanghai, →OCLC, page 316, column 4:

He found a Rev. Dr. Arthur Cannon at an address on the Shanghai road near to Fengsien.

[1987, Ronald Hardy, “Escape”, in The Wings of the Wind (Fiction), New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 34:

At the Shanghai Fengxian District Huangpu River Flood Prevention Center, which was seeking an accountant, a man who answered the phone said: “We have female employees. We do not discriminate against women. But we want to hire more men, because this work includes night shifts. Women might be frightened to be alone in the building at night.”

2014 September 26, Didi Kirsten Tatlow, Slyvia Zhang, “For Shanghai Jobs, Only ‘Normal Size’ Need Apply”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-19: