Wuchang

The Metropolis Vuchang, lieth on the Southern Shore of the River Kiang, though ſomewhat diſtant, but may be gone to in Boats along Channels, convey'd thither out of the River.

[1671, Arnoldus Montanus, translated by John Ogilby, Atlas Chinensis, London: Tho. Johnson, translation of original in Dutch, →OCLC, page 517:

The tribute to be paid to England after the unfortunate war of 1840, the great unproductive consumption of opium, the drain of the precious metals by this trade, the destructive influence of foreign competition on native manufactures, the demoralized condition of the public administration, produced two things: the old taxation became more burdensome and harassing, and new taxation was added to the old. Thus in a decree of the Emperor, dated Peking, Jan 5 1853, we find orders given to the viceroys and governors of the southern provinces of Wuchang and Hanyang to remit and defer the payment of taxes, and especially not in any case to exact more than the regular amount; for otherwise, says the decree, “how will the poor people be able to bear it?” And “Thus, perhaps,” continues the Emperor, “will my people, in a period of general hardship and distress, be exempted from the evils of being pursued and worried by the tax-gatherer.” Such language as this, and such concessions we remember to have heard from Austria, the China of Germany, in 1848.

1853 June 14, Karl Marx, “Revolution in China and in Europe”, in New-York Daily Tribune, archived from the original on 2020-11-01, page 17:

Yochow fell to the Nationalists August 22. Alarmed, Wu hastened from North China. Before he arrived at Hankow, however, the Nationalists had penetrated the province and were advancing on Wuchang, sister-city of Hankow.

1938, Robert Berkov, Strong Man of China: The Story of Chiang Kai-shek, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, page 55:

Eleven soldiers were poisoned to death at Wuchang in Hupeh province last February 18. Two cooks were arrested on charges of deliberately poisoning the food.

1973 July 1, “Discipline lax in Red army”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIV, number 25, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3, column 2:

By 1911, there were rumours of revolution, and Stursberg was worried by reports that Foochow was in the hands of revolutionaries. A mutiny of the troops in Wuchang on October 10 had spread to city after city.

2002, Peter Stursberg, No Foreign Bones in China, University of Alberta Press, →ISBN, page 92:

The Wuchang mobile cabin hospital, built in the Hongshan Stadium in Wuhan’s Wuchang District, was completed within 29 hours; the state media championed this as a sign of ‘Chinese speed’ or the ‘Chinese experience’.

2021 July 21, Ralph Litzinger, Yanping Ni, “Inside the Wuhan cabin hospital: Contending narratives during the COVID-19 pandemic”, in China Information, volume 35, number 3, →DOI, page 347:

The video indicates that Mr. Chen is a 41-year-old who worked in a company’s finance office and never went to the Huanan market. Official reports said that he lived in the Wuchang district in Wuhan, miles from the market.

2021 November 18, Carl Zimmer, Benjamin Mueller, Chris Buckley, “First Known Covid Case Was Vendor at Wuhan Market, Scientist Claims”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-11-18, The Coronavirus Pandemic:


Ezhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 鄂州 (Èzhōu).

Tienlin said to me that in the district of Yochow and Ochow [Wuchang], the poor farmers as a rule raise only two sons and one daughter, and kill babies at birth beyond this number.

[1947 [1083], Su Tung-po, “Letter to Chu Kang-shu, Chief Magistrate of Ochow”, in Lin Yutang, Rhoda Hoff, editors, China: Adventures in Eyewitness History, Henry Z. Walck, published 1965, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 18:

The neighboring city of Huanggang, which has a population of roughly 6 million, said it would join Wuhan’s quarantine from midnight on Thursday. The nearby city of Ezhou, home to 1 million people, has also shut down its railway stations.

2020 January 23, Adam Taylor, “Wuhan: The Chinese mega-city at the center of coronavirus outbreak”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-01-23, Asia:

The building, on the outskirts of Ezhou, a city on the southern bank of the Yangtze River, is hailed as the world’s biggest free-standing pig farm, with a second, identical hog high-rise opening soon.

2023 February 8, Daisuke Wakabayashi, Claire Fu, “China’s Bid to Improve Food Production? Giant Towers of Pigs.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-02-08:

A prefecture-level city in Hubei, China.


Yunling

The great Himalayan chain which forms the southern boundary of its land of origin, is intercepted on the south-east confines of Tibet by a transverse mountain system, originating with the Yunling and allied ranges, and also forming the ultra-Indian peninsulas, by which the Hoangho is forced far north, and ultimately finds its way into the Gulf of Pecheli.

1876, A. R. McMahon, The Karens of the Golden Chersonese, London: Harrison, →OCLC, pages 1–2:

We have seen that SAUNDERS in this region has three tremendous ranges, more enormous than even those of Richthofen. He even goes so far as to make Himalaya continue uninterruptedly, to the N. E., and to make the Yunling Mountains of western China practically one and the same fold as the Himalaya.

1922, Sven Hedin, Southern Tibet, volume 7, Stockholm, →OCLC, page 332:

Topographically, the province is divided roughly into two major sections with the valleyland of the Yuanjiang River and the low-lying dale east of the Yunling Range as the demarcation line: the Hengduan Mountains are to the west and the Eastern Yunnan Plateau is to the east.

1992, Shunwu Zhou, “Yunnan Province”, in China Provincial Geography [中国分省地理], Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 386:

Black and white coloring, Mohican haircut, buxom lips and cute faces wearing a human smile, Yunnan golden monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti), also known as the black/black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys, roam in the rugged Yunling Range in southwestern Yunnan Province.

2021 November 12, Xinyi Song, “Endeavoring to protect golden monkeys”, in Shanghai Daily, archived from the original on 2021-11-15:

A mountain range in Yunnan, in southern China


Xicheng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin Chinese 西城 (Xīchéng, literally “west city”).

The city of Peking has 85 neighborhoods, each with more than 50,000 residents (Luo, 1980). The Fengsheng Neighborhood in the Xicheng District of Peking, for example, has 14,136 families and 52,978 persons.

1983, Clifton W. Pannell, Laurence J. C. Ma, China: The Geography of Development and Modernization, V. H. Winston & Sons, →ISBN, page 85:

In Xixingsheng lane of the Xicheng District, more than 20 armed policemen were beaten up by mobs; some were badly injured, and the others’ whereabouts are unknown.

1989, Yi Mu, Mark V. Thompson, Crisis at Tiananmen: Reform and Reality in Modern China, San Francisco: China Books, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 229:

Xicheng The sector immediately west of the Forbidden City, Xicheng is the site of some of the most extensive old hutong (alleyway) neighborhoods left in Beijing.

2000, J. D. Brown, Beijing (Frommer's), Foster City, CA: IDG Books, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, →OL, page 36:

In Beijing, authorities ordered all cinemas closed until November 14 in the capital's Xicheng district, which lies west of Tiananmen Square and is home to over a million people.

2021 October 30, “China cracks down over 'serious' Covid outbreak”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2021-10-30:

A district in downtown Beijing, China, comprising the sections immediately west of the Forbidden City.


Penglai

A romanization of Mandarin 蓬萊／蓬莱 (Pénglái)

the Japanese development of the Chinese legend

Should the enemy land in the Penglai area (northeastern part of Shantung Peninsula) part of the 12th Independent Garrison Unit will oppose it.

1956 August, Army Operations in China January 1944 - August 1945, Eighth United States Army, page 210:

Born in Penglai, on the coast of Shandong, in 1888, Miss Pruitt grew up in an inland village where for many years hers was the only Western family.

1985 August 11, Robert D. McFadden, “IDA PRUITT, 96, WHO FOSTERED FRIENDSHIP WITH THE CHINESE”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, Section 1, page 36:

In 1956 the government deprivatized all small businesses. The Penglai District collectivized the pig's head meat sellers into one production team.

1996, Guanlong Cao, “Pigs' Heads”, in Guanlong Cao, Nancy Moskin, transl., The Attic: Memoir of a Chinese Landlord's Son, University of California Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 59:

A district of Yantai, in eastern Shandong, China (famous for its mirages out at sea), formerly known as Tengchow and since renamed for a mythical island.


Dengzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 鄧州／邓州 (Dèngzhōu).

According to Ying Mingquan (director of the People’s Armed Forces Department of Dengzhou Municipality, Henan Province, and standing member of the Dengzhou Municipal Party Committee), a military standing member should play three roles: the role of publicist (xuanchuan yuan), the role of a military leader with local responsibilities (zhandou yuan), and the role of liaison (lianluo yuan).

2007, Civil-Military Relations in Today's China: Swimming in a New Sea, M.E.Sharpe, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 120:

Zhang Haixin, 46, a farmer in Dengzhou, was arrested last November on charges of forging government documents, after years of quietly working to protect the land of villagers who felt they had nowhere else to turn.[…]
She helped postpone a land grab in her village by leading a group of petitioners to the cities of Dengzhou, Henan’s provincial capital Zhengzhou and even Beijing, starting in 2009.

2014 May 2, Mimi Lau, “Dengzhou villager creates fake but effective 'government office' to fight illegal land grabs”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2014-05-03, China:

A county-level city in Nanyang, Henan, China.

鄧州

a county-level city in Nanyang, Henan, China


Taiye Lake

From the pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese 太液池 (Tàiyèchí) (Tàiyèchí, "Great Flowing Pond").

the emperor and his family live on an island in the Taiye Lake, which is all that remains of the Jin city

2008, Richard Platt, Beijing, Kingfisher, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 16:

one of several artificial lakes located in the imperial Chinese gardens of Chang'an and Beijing


Lake Tai

Partial calque from Mandarin 太湖 (Tài Hú, “the Great Lake”).

SOUTCHEOU, a city of the firſt rank, in the province of Kiangnan, in China, beautifully and agreeably ſituated on a river which communicates with the Lake Tai.

1801, John Walker, The Universal Gazetteer, 3rd edition, London, →OCLC, page https://archive.org/details/universalgazette00walk_0/page/n775/:

The village chosen for my investigation is called Kaihsienkung, locally pronounced kejiug’on. It is situated on the south-east bank of Lake Tai, in the lower course of the Yangtze River and about eighty miles west of Shanghai.

1939, Hsiao-tung (費孝通) Fei, 江村經濟 [Peasant Life in China], London: George Routledge and Sons, →OCLC, →OL, pages 9–10:

At Lake Tai on the border of the wealthy coastal provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, water levels hit 4.49 metres on Wednesday, 0.69 metres above the official warning level, according to government data.[…]
Though still short of the 4.97-metre record set in 1999, Lake Tai is on the rise. Nearby Shanghai is already taking precautions, opening its sluice gates to discharge excess floodwaters.

2020 July 15, David Stanway, “Residents at China's giant lake unfazed as rainfall breaks records”, in Giles Elgood, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-15, Environment:

a large freshwater lake west of Shanghai in eastern China


West Lake

Calque of Chinese 西湖 (Xī Hú, literally “west lake”)

calque

Marco Polo, the Venetian traveller, who visited China about the year 1200, speaks of it, as "pre-eminent above all other cities in the world, in point of grandeur and beauty, as well as from its abundant delights, which might lead an inhabitant to imagine himself in paradise;" and in another place describing Si-wu or West Lake, an artificial sheet of water just without the city wall, he says: "All around the lake are beautiful palaces and houses, so wonderfully built that nothing can possibly surpass them; they belong to the great and noble men of the city. In the middle of the lake are two islands, on one of which stands a palace so wonderfully adorned that it seems worthy of belonging to the emperor."

1869, Helen S. C. Nevius, Our Life in China, New York: Robert Carter and Brothers, →OCLC, page 129:

One of the few ancient relics of the original Monastery is to be found within, the Lo Han Pagoda, with its marvelous carvings of sixteen Lo Han. These sixteen Lo Han are one of the three great wonders or glories of Hangchow, the other two being the West Lake and the River Bore.

1922, Robert F. Fitch, “The Fifth Itinerary”, in Hangchow Itineraries, Kelly & Walsh, →OCLC, page 33:

HANGCHOW, China, Feb. 26 (UPI)—President Nixon and Premier Chou En‐lai strolled through picturesque gardens of cameiias, pansies and magnolias today then went boating on West Lake, one of China's leading scenic attractions.

1972 February 27, “Nixon and Chou Stroll and Go Boating in Hangchow”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-07-04, page 30:

Hangchow cuisine can be summed up with the phrase "southern ingredients, northern style" (南菜北烹). This means that the varieties of fish, shrimp, and other crustaceans in Hangchow's much-celebrated historic West Lake are prepared in northern-style, sweet and sour-based flavors.

2001 September 28, Sen-lun Yu, “Restaurant of the week: Tien Hsiang Lo (天香樓)”, in Taipei Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-02-24, Features, page 10:

A former imperial capital famed for its West Lake and surrounding temples, Hangzhou has lately grown famous as the hometown of internet commerce giant Alibaba.

2021 August 22, “Top official in eastern China’s Hangzhou under investigation”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2021-08-22:

Slender West Lake
Slender West Lake#English

(inexact) Synonym of Slender West Lake, a lake in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.


Chang'an

From the atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 長安／长安 (Cháng'ān).

長安

Xi'an as a former imperial Chinese capital — see also Xi'an

The Chinese government started laying intercity high-speed track in 2005, and today, its network is the longest and most heavily relied upon of any nation’s. Six hours are enough to devour the over 900 miles from Shanghai to Xi’an, the landlocked capital of Shaanxi Province in China’s central northwest, standing on the bones of the imperial city of Chang’an. In the seventh and eighth centuries A.D., this was the center of not only China but the globe — the eastern origin of the trade routes we call the Silk Road and the nexus of a cross-cultural traffic in ideas, technology, art and food that altered the course of history as decisively as the Columbian Exchange eight centuries later. A million people lived within Chang’an’s pounded-earth walls, including travelers and traders from Central, Southeast, South and Northeast Asia and followers of Buddhism, Taoism, Zoroastrianism, Nestorian Christianity and Manichaeism. All the while, Shanghai was a mere fishing village, the jittery megapolis of the future not yet a ripple on the face of time.

2020 May 11, Ligaya Mishan, “Eating in Xi’an, Where Wheat and Lamb Speak to China’s Varied Palette”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-05-11:

At the height of its prominence during the Tang dynasty (618-907), Xi’an, then known as Chang’an, was one of the world’s largest and most populous cities, although its history actually stretches back more than 6,500 years to the Neolithic period.[…]
Since Han dynasty diplomat Zhang Qian blazed a trail westward from Chang’an more than 2,000 years ago, trade and traditions from around the world have flowed along the Silk Road, shaping Xi’an’s uniquely cosmopolitan culture.

2020 September 29, The Information Office of Xi'an Municipal Government, “Spellbinding Xi`an: Where Ancient and Modern Collide”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2020-11-11, Paid Content:

(historical) An ancient capital of various Chinese empires, located within present-day Xi'an.

This aerial photo shows the site of the mud slide in Weiziping Village of Luanzhen Township on the outskirts of Chang’an District, Xi’an of northwest China’s Shaanxi Province 12 August 2023.[…]
The landslide occurred on Friday night in Weiziping village in Chang’an district shortly after heavy rains and floods in the province.
Two houses in Chang’an were washed away and nearby roads, bridges, power supply facilities were damaged.

2023 August 13, “At least 4 dead after landslide in north China’s Xi’an”, in EFE, archived from the original on 2023-11-19:

A district and former county of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.


Yan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 燕 (Yān).


Qi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 祁 (Qí).


Qi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 淇 (Qí).

Opposition to Yüeh’s regime was not limited to Ying-yang. In Ch’i County, located about 120 kilometers to the east, Red Spear resistance was even more pronounced.[…]The richest county in Honan, Ch'i had a long history of tax resistance.

[1980, Elizabeth J. Perry, “The Red Spears”, in Rebels and Revolutionaries in North China, 1845-1945, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 164:

Three communes in Qi county, also in the heart of the plain in north-eastern Henan, have a total of 334 joint-household enterprises involving 1771 households, 6.6% of all households (Ma Renping 1981a).

1985, Frank Leeming, Rural China Today, Longman, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 95:


Wei

A river in China, a tributary of the Yellow River.


Yanzi

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 燕子 (Yànzǐ), meaning "swallow" (the bird).

A town in Hefeng, Enshi prefecture, Hubei, China, formerly a township.


Longxi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 隴西／陇西 (Lǒngxī).

In early 1971 we received a box of fossils and a letter from a worker at an alcohol plant in Lunghsi county, Kansu province.

[1973 November, Chen Chang, “Fossils Sent from Across the Land”, in China Reconstructs, volume XXII, number 11, Peking, →OCLC, page 43, column 3:

Middle and primary schools in Lunghsi County, Fukien, have vigorously popularized part-time work and part-time study activities. Before liberation, Lunghsi County was very backward in education, but after liberation, particularly since the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, Lunghsi has made rapid progress in education.

[1975 October 7 [1975 September 4], “Fukien County Schools Combine Study, Work Activity”, in Translations on People's Republic of China, number 320, United States Joint Publications Research Service, sourced from Peking NCNA Domestic Service, →OCLC, page 9:

I come from Longxi County in Gansu Province.

1997, Dongdong Dai, “Shepherd Girl”, in Howard Giskin, editor, Chinese Folktales, Lincolnwood, Illinois: NTC Publishing, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 54:

The launch marks Luoyang the first city to be featured in the iQIYI Chinese Historic City Universe (iCHCU), which, encompassing a variety of content drawing inspiration from Beijing, Guangzhou, Longxi county of Dingxi, Dunhuang, Nanjing, and other Chinese cities, aims to bridge between China’s local culture and iQIYI’s global audience.

2021 November 29, “iQIYI Debuts Original Series Luoyang Globally, As Part of Its IP Universe”, in AP News, PR Newswire, archived from the original on 2021-11-29:


Guigang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 貴港／贵港 (Guìgǎng).

Early offerings--many of them packaged in sultry covers featuring buxom women in silk pajamas--were huge sellers. But when copycats and counterfeiters drove down margins, Chan switched to real estate, snapping up 200 acres of land in the city of Guigang and erecting dozens of office towers and residential developments. Among his most ambitious recent projects: a luxury Guigang housing complex dubbed "Wealthy Persons' New Town."[…]
Chan's business partners swear he's loaded, an assessment shared by some of Guangxi's most influential citizens.

2000 August 1, Clay Chandler, “A Golden Goose in Red China? Entrepreneur Bets Millions That Foie Gras Will Fatten Export Figures”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-08-28:

The site, however, is relatively close to Guigang, a city with a river port and waterway connections to the Pearl River Delta, one of the world’s most densely populated regions.

2018 May 10, Dominique Patton, “China's multi-story hog hotels elevate industrial farms to new levels”, in Tom Hogue, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2019-02-10, Business News:

A prefecture-level city in Guangxi, China.

貴港

a prefecture-level city in Guangxi, China


Longshan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 龍山／龙山 (Lóngshān) (Lóngshān, lit. "Dragon Mountain")

Various placenames in China and Taiwan
A district of Liaoyuan, Jilin, China.

Various placenames in China and Taiwan
A county of Xiangxi, Hunan, China.


Longshan

From the pinyin romanization of Mandarin 隴山／陇山 (Lǒngshān).


Qinzhou

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 秦州 (Qínzhōu).

Qincheng (now called Qinzhou) District Court, in Gansu Province's Tianshui City, in Northwestern China, also saw high numbers of counterrevolutionary trials during the early 1950s.

2018, William Hurst, “Law and Revolution: Mobilizational Justice and Charismatic Politics”, in Ruling Before the Law: The Politics of Legal Regimes in China and Indonesia (Cambridge Studies in Law and Society), Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 109:

A district in modern Tianshui, Gansu, China.


Qinzhou

Borrowed from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 欽州／钦州 (Qīnzhōu).

A businessman in the southwestern region of Guangxi has pleaded guilty to charges of killing and eating at least three tigers last year, the state-run news agency Xinhua reported.
Prosecutors in the city of Qinzhou said the defendant, identified only as Mr. Xu, “has a quirky appetite for eating tiger penis and drinking tiger blood,” Xinhua said.

2014 June 13, Shaojie Huang, “Businessman Guilty of Killing and Eating Tigers”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-07-12, Sinosphere:

U.S. remote-control maker Universal Electronics Inc (UEIC.O) told Reuters it struck a deal with authorities in Xinjiang to transport hundreds of Uyghur workers to its plant in the southern Chinese city of Qinzhou, the first confirmed instance of an American company participating in a transfer program described by some rights groups as forced labor.

2021 October 8, Cate Cadell, “EXCLUSIVE US electronics firm struck deal to transport and hire Uyghur workers”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-10-07:


Hankou

From the Mandarin 漢口／汉口 (Hànkǒu, “Mouth of the Han River”).

zh-l

Marcia Aldrich Thompson was born on Oct. 2, 1923, in the Central Chinese city of Hankou (now part of Wuhan) where her father, Newell, was an executive with the Standard Oil Company of New York.

2018 April 10, Sam Roberts, “Marcia Thompson, Prudent Promoter of the Arts, Dies at 94”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-04-11, Obituaries:

Authorities in Wuhan, the epicenter of China's outbreak and location of the majority of its deaths, quickly identified the funeral business as a potential source of transmission.
The local civil affairs bureau in late January ordered all funerals for confirmed COVID-19 victims to be handled at a single funeral home in the city's Hankou district.

2020 March 19, Angelo Amante, Parisa Hafezi, Hayoung Choi, Elisa Anzolin, Emilio Parodi, David Stanway, Joan Faus, Padraic Halpin, Emma Farge, Kate Kelland, Dan Williams in Jerusalem, Andrew RC Marshall, “'There are no funerals:' Death in quarantine leaves nowhere to grieve”, in Sara Ledwith, Jason Szep, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-05-18, World:

A former city and treaty port; since 1949 an area in the city of Wuhan, Hubei, China.


Jincheng

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 晉城／晋城 (Jìnchéng).

/d͡ʒɪnˈt͡ʃɛŋ/

/d͡ʒinˈt͡ʃʌŋ/

A sprawling, mountainous administrative region in the south of Shanxi province, Jincheng is still dominated by coal. Though many pits have been shut, the craggy landscape bears the scars of decades of excessive mining.

2018 November 26, David Stanway, Joseph Campbell, Muyu Xu, Shanghai newsroom, “Smog war casualty: China coal city bears brunt of pollution crackdown”, in Philip McClellan, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2018-11-27, World News:

A prefecture-level city in Shanxi, China.


Demchok

A village in Zhaxigang, Gar, Ngari, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.


Line of Actual Control

For decades, India and China have been locked in a bitter dispute along a 2,100-mile border known as the Line of Actual Control. Indian defense officials say that Chinese military forces have been increasingly laying claim to territories that have long been under India’s control.[…]
India’s Army said in a statement on Monday that troops from each side had disengaged from the Line of Actual Control, which is patrolled by soldiers from both countries.

2022 December 13, Sameer Yasir, Emily Schmall, “Indian and Chinese Soldiers Again Trade Blows at Disputed Border”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-12-13, Asia Pacific:

However, a major sore point in Indo-Chinese relations remains an ongoing standoff at the countries' de facto border, the Line of Actual Control (LAC), in the Himalayas, which analysts say is indicative of a larger rivalry.

2023 August 23, Wesley Rahn, Murali Krishnan, Yuchen Li, “BRICS: Can China and India overcome differences at summit?”, in Shamil Shams, editor, Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2023-08-24, Politics:

The line which separates the Indian-administered union territory of Ladakh from Chinese-administered territory of Aksai Chin.


Trans-Karakoram Tract

A closer look at the foreign-occupied Indian state of Jammu- Kashmir reveals some unsettling coincidences. The Chinese control the Aksai Chin portion. The Pakistanis control Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas. They ceded the Trans-Karakoram Tract (along the northern frontier of Gilgit-Baltistan agency) to the PRC in 1963. It was in those Northern Areas that the Taliban reinforcement route and al-Qaeda base camp were reported in 2001 and 2002, respectively. (Refer back to Map 7.4.)

2007, H. John Poole, Dragon Days: Time for "Unconventional" Tactics, Illustrated, Posterity Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 129:

And what would Middleton tell him—the truth? That he believed Chernayev and a great many other Russians saw an arms race on the subcontinent as inevitable. Worse, that China, before that arms race proceeded much further, would invade Kashmir from its own controlled areas in Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract, doing so for the water, contriving some pretext for the offensive such as protecting an otherwise expendable ethnic minority.

2009, The Copper Bracelet, published 2010, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 164:

The Aksai Chin region, forming nearly one-sixth of the area of Jammu and Kashmir, is controlled by China, which has no intention of relinquishing its jurisdiction. The same is true of the Trans-Karakoram Tract, part of the pre-1947 state which Islamabad transferred to China as stipulated in the 1963 Sino-Pakistani border agreement.

2012, Dilip Hiro, Apocalyptic Realm: Jihadists in South Asia, Yale University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 289:

Greater Kashmir (also known as the Princely State of Kashmir and Jammu) includes territories administered by India, Pakistan and China. In the west are the provinces of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan; to the north and east are Aksai Chin and the Trans-Karakoram Tract; and the south and central parts are the regions of Jammu, the Kashmir Valley and Ladakh. Historically nomads, traders and the population at large could move back and forth across Kashmir (and beyond) at will. This mobility ended with the solidification of borders following conflicts between India and Pakistan, and India and China, in the 20th century (see History, page 14), and Kashmir has been fractured ever since.

2014, Sophie Lovell-Hoare, Max Lovell-Hoare, Kashmir (Bradt Guides), →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 3:

An area along both sides of the Shaksgam River which is de facto administered by China as part of Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, but which was claimed by Pakistan until 1963, and which is claimed by India (as part of Ladakh).


Xingjiang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 興江／兴江 (Xīngjiāng).

/ʃɪŋˈd͡ʒ(i)æŋ/

A township in Xingguo, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China


Liao

A romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation of 僚 (Liáo)

Synonym of Rau, a people of southeastern China


Pu'er

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 普洱 (Pǔ'ěr). As the tea, shortened from Pu'er tea.

An earthquake measuring 6.4 on the Richter scale struck Pu'er City, Yunnan Province, early last Sunday.

2007 June 8, “Earthquake kills three”, in Beijing Today, →OCLC, page 3:

In order to improve the quality of Pu'er Tea, Pu'er City strengthened the construction of ecological tea orchards bases.

2011, Xiaoxi Li, Jiancheng Pan, editors, China Green Development Index Report 2011, →ISBN, page 200:

Lancang Lahu Autonomous County is an autonomous county under the jurisdiction of Pu'er City in south-western Yunnan Province.

2018, Ralph E. Harbach, Culicipedia, CABI, →ISBN, page 206:

A prefecture-level city in Yunnan, China.


Mohan

From Mandarin 磨憨 (Móhān) or Lü ᦢᦸᧈᦠᦱᧃ (ḃoa¹ḣaan).

bor

Lü ᦢᦸᧈᦠᦱᧃ (ḃoa¹ḣaan)

At least 30 Uyghurs were apprehended at the town of Mohan on the border with Laos in Yunnan’s Mengla county in late September, and scores of others were detained around the province in recent weeks, a Uyghur merchant in the province told RFA’s Uyghur Service.

2013 October 3, Shohret Hoshur, Rachel Vandenbrink, “100 Uyghurs Rounded Up in Police Hunt in Yunnan”, in Shohret Hoshur, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2014-10-30:

A Southeast Asia media delegation recently participated in the "China-Laos Railway Journey", at the invitation by the People's Government of Yunnan Province, to visit Kunming, Pu'er and Xishuangbanna, and learnt of the immigration and customs procedures at the transit station in Mohan, located at the China-Laos border.

2023 June 21, Bernama, “Stricter procedures entering China via railways from Southeast Asia”, in The Straits Times, archived from the original on 2023-06-22:

A border town neighbouring Laos in Mengla County, Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan, China.


Yuan River

Partial calque of Mandarin 沅江 (Yuán Jiāng).

partial calque

It is said at Hankau that boats can travel up stream 4000 li by three different routes—the Yangtse Chiang, the Yuan river in Hu Nan, and the Han river.

1898 September, W. R. Carles, “THE YANGTSE CHIANG”, in The Geographical Journal, volume XII, number 3, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 236:

Now that the Japanese menace has been removed, at least temporarily, refugee farmers and artisans are drifting back to their homes in Hunan, south of the Yuan River. On the long hard trek from Taoyuan our party of military attaches and correspondents met them on hard lumpy paths, crossing winter paddy fields.

1944 January 3 [1943 December 29], Brooks Atkinson, “MANY ATROCITIES LISTED BY CHINESE; Barbarity of Japanese Held to Be Psychopathic Compensation for Lack of Charm”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-12-02, page 3:

General Fu Yu-te commanded an army of 100,000 which assembled in Hu-kuang Province (Hu-pei and Hu-nan area). Aside from a part of his army which he dispatched post-haste to Wu-san (present-day Wei-ning in western Kuei-chou)(See Photos 7 and 8), he personally led the main body. He entered Kuei-chou from Hu-nan along the Yuan River route.

1954, Herold J. Wiens, “The history of South Chinese tribal movements and migrations”, in Han Chinese Expansion in South China, Shoe String Press, published 1967, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 88:


Red River

They have also identified the fault in the earth's crust along which this motion took place. It is a belt of severely altered rocks more than 600 miles long, from Tibet to the Gulf of Tonkin. The Red River, which flows from China across Vietnam into the gulf, follows this zone.

1990 February 20, “SCIENCE WATCH; How Indochina Moved”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-25, Section C, page 13:

Thanks to the Red River, the principal watercourse that disgorges into the gulf, the coastal region has long enjoyed a navigable connection to the foothills of the gulf's mountainous hinterland (modern Laos, northern Vietnam, and Yunnan) and to the peoples of the region and the valuable local products that historically flowed downriver from them to the sea.

2011, Li Tana, “The Tongking Gulf Through History: A Geopolitical Overview”, in Nola Cooke, Li Tana, James A. Anderson, editors, The Tongking Gulf Through History, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 5:

A river in northern Vietnam and Yunnan, southern China.

紅河

the Red River of Yunnan in southern China and of northern Vietnam


Yuanjiang

From the pinyin romanization of Mandarin 沅江 (Yuánjiāng, “Yuan River”).

AN advanced fishing village in learning from the Tachai Brigade, the Kuanchushan Production Brigade of Wantzuhu Commune in Yuanchiang County lies on Tungting Lake in central China's Hunan Province.

[1971, Peking Review, volume 14, →OCLC, page 17:

In the eyes of many Chinese, the boy was a heartless criminal who deserved to be punished. But in China, where the minimum age of criminal responsibility is 14, he could not be held legally responsible. The boy was released by the authorities in the town of Yuanjiang, in Hunan Province, with no conditions.

2018 December 14, Amy Qin, “12-Year-Old in China Kills His Mother, Then Returns to School, Igniting an Outcry”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-12-14, Asia Pacific:

The hot days had been accumulating over the past few weeks, with Yuanjiang in Hunan province having exceeded 95 degrees (35 Celsius) for 22 straight days as of Friday.

2023 April 17, Dan Stillman, “Historic Asia heat breaks hundreds of records, with extremes in Thailand and China”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-12-02, Weather:

A county-level city in Yiyang, Hunan, China, along the Yuan River


Beihai

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 北海 (Běihǎi, literally “North Sea”).

The port was opened to foreign trade by the Chefoo Convention of 1876, and in the succeeding period a considerable traffic was developed by coolies and transport animals between Pei-hai and the Hsi Chiang Valley of Kwangsi Province.

[1968, Theodore Shabad, “PEI-HAI”, in Encyclopedia Britannica, volume 17, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 529, columns 1-2:

The city of Beihai in the southern province of Guangxi said in a statement online that the four boys — three of them aged 12 and one of them 11 — were searching in a city bay Saturday afternoon when they drowned.

2014 September 28, “4 boys in China drown while searching for eggs”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-06-22:

A prefecture-level city in Guangxi, in southern China.

The pure waters of the Northern Lake (Pei-hai) originated in the Jade Spring Mountain and passed through the long Grand Canal and flowed through Shih-ch'a Lake. Then it fed into the Central Lake (Chung-hai) and the Southern Lake (Nan-hai), all the way to the Tung-tzu River.

[1978, Chih-yen Hsia, translated by Liang-lao Dee, The Coldest Winter in Peking, Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Co., →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 311:

Beijing is changing fast to get ready for the Olympics -- definitely wander the hutongs before they are demolished. If you're looking for a cheap place to stay run by the nicest of people, try Downtown Backpackers (No. 85, Nanluogu Alley, Dongcheng District). It's in the middle of a nice little hutong area a short walk from the Houhai/Beihai Lakes area.

2006 September 3 [2006 July 26], Lili, quotee, “The Frugal Traveler Sees the World”, in The New York Times, National edition, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-01-18, Section 5/Travel, page 1:


Jiading

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 嘉定 (Jiādìng, literally “Commendable Order”), after one of the era names under Emperor Ningzong of the Song Dynasty.

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Seven satellite towns are currently being built outside Shanghai based on European models. "German Town" will be situated in Anting Town, Jiading District, home to an international automotive center.

2004 April 20, “Architect Sheds Father's Legacy in China”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2016-04-14, Culture:

Supporters insist the series is growing in China, noting that attendance at the Chinese GP has picked up since 2010 when F1 boss Bernie Ecclestone accused local organizers of not promoting the race "properly" and suggesting no one in Shanghai would have known a race was taking place.[…]
Local firms in Jiading district near the track are eager to capitalize, and those tied to the automotive industry are running electric car demonstrations and other activities to draw fans.

2013 April 10, Michael Casey, “Formula One slow to catch on in China”, in USA Today, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-04-11:

A subdistrict of Jiading, Shanghai, China.


Songjiang

The atonal Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 松江 (Sōngjiāng, literally “Pine River”).

The explosion rocked the Riteng Computer Accessory Co., a wholly owned subsidiary of Pegatron, in Shanghai’s Songjiang district.[…]
Wu told the AP in China: “Our hearts go out to the people who were hurt in Songjiang. We are working closely with Pegatron to understand the cause of this accident.”

2011 December 20, Hayley Tsukayama, “Report: Apple partner Pegatron under scrutiny after blast”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2011-12-20, Tech:

A statement issued Monday by the Shanghai government and posted on its Web site said that there were piglets in the river as well as adult swine weighing hundreds of pounds. Residents in the Songjiang district, the area southwest of downtown Shanghai where most of the pigs have been discovered, said this was not the first time they had seen dead pigs in the Huangpu.

2013 March 11, Edward Wong, “Thousands of Dead Pigs Found in Chinese River”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-03-11, Asia Pacific:

A district of Shanghai, China, located along the Grand Canal and formerly the principal city of the region.

(historical) A former province in China. Capital: Mudanjiang


Shaoxing

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 紹興／绍兴 (Shàoxīng), named for an era of the Song dynasty.

Now, demand is waning in the United States, and Shaoxing, a coastal city that is one of the world’s biggest textile centers, has fallen victim to the global downturn.

2009 February 27, David Barboza, “A Textile Capital of China Is Hobbled by a Downturn Gone Global”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2011-04-01, World Business:

A prefecture-level city in eastern Zhejiang, China, along the southern shore of Hangzhou Bay, the site of the former capitals of the Yue kingdom and Kuaiji Commandery.

Cambridge University Press
Chinese History: A New Manual
Harvard University Press
Shaoxing


Kuaiji

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 會稽／会稽 (Kuàijī).

IN 240 B.C., Lu Buwei, the Prime Minister of China under the first Emperor of the Qin dynasty, directed the compilation of an encyclopedia of all that was known. Called the "Spring and Autumn Annals," the encyclopedia included myriad tales, this among them:
"The King of Yue stopped at Kuaiji. There, he poured wine in the river. His men drank from the waters and then fought with a hundredfold more energy."

1988 August 31, Edward A. Gargan, “China's Heady and Heralded Yellow Wine From Shaoxing”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-12-15, Home & Garden, page 3:

A mountain near Shaoxing, Zhejiang, in China legendarily associated with Yu the Great.


Taiping

From Mandarin Chinese 太平 (Tàipíng, literally “Great Peace, Great Pacified Region”).

Chiang-su was the main centre of the great Tʻai Pʻing rebellion, Nanking being the rebel capital from 1853 to 1864.

[1898, Harlan P. Beach, Dawn on the Hills of Tʻang, New York, →OCLC, page 154:

From the age of thirteen, Huang Pin-hung was able to study paintings in private collections that were being dispersed in the area around his ancestral home in She-hsien, An-hui Province, in the wake of the T’ai-p’ing Rebellion; he was particularly impressed by the works of Tung Ch’i-ch’ang (1555-1636) and Cha Shih-piao (1615-98).

[2004, Jason C. Kuo, “Introduction”, in Transforming Traditions in Modern Chinese Painting: Huang Pin-hung's Late Work, Peter Lang, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 6:

The Nien Rebellion was made up of insurgents who opposed the Qing dynasty, which also had to contend with yet another movement, the Taiping, which was active in the south.

2015, Valerie M. Hudson, The Hillary Doctrine : Sex and American Foreign Policy, Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 81:

(historical) The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, a rebel state in southern, eastern, and central China during the mid-19th century.

Taiwan’s coastguard has said it plans to hold rescue drills in waters around Taipei’s sole territorial holding in the disputed South China Sea at the end of this month, and that the drills could involve its navy.
The exercises to be held around Itu Aba, known by Taiwan as Taiping, would include drills in rescuing shipwrecked personnel, the coastguard said. More details would be released later, it said in a statement on its website late on Sunday.
“Currently the navy regularly patrols near Taiping Island. We don’t rule out the navy playing a supporting role in future humanitarian rescue drills being held near Taiping,” the Coast Guard Administration said in the statement.

2016 November 20, J.R. Wu, “Taiwan says it plans rescue drills in South China Sea this month”, in Paul Tait, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2016-11-21, Emerging Markets:

Taiping, also known as Itu Aba, is the biggest natural feature in the Spratly islands. It is currently occupied by Taiwan but is also claimed by China, the Philippines and Vietnam.

2022 April 28, “China says Taiwan ‘playing with fire’ over alleged Taiping Island plans”, in Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2022-04-28:

Taiping, also known as Itu Aba, the largest of the naturally occurring Spratly Islands (Nansha Islands, 南沙群島), lies 1,600 kilometers southwest of Kaohsiung and is administered as part of the special municipality's Cijin District.

2023 June 11, Joseph Yeh, “Vietnam's accusation of sovereignty infringement "unacceptable": Taiwan”, in Focus Taiwan, archived from the original on 2023-06-11, Politics:

Various districts, towns, townships, mountains, and islands in China, Taiwan, and Malaysia.

Parit is a small town of roughly 2,000 people in the state of Perak, deep in the rural heartland of Malaysia, with no distinguishing feature other than its attractive location on the banks of a muddy river, which served as the backdrop to a few scenes in the 1999 movie “Anna and the King.” Once a convenient and bustling stopping-off point on the winding road from Ipoh, the state capital, to Taiping in the north, Parit suffered from the construction of the North-South Expressway in the 1990s, which diverted passing trade away from the town.

2015 July 23 [2015 July 22], Tash Aw, “A Return to the Malaysian Village”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-07-22, Opinion:

In Taiwan province, a gathering attended by 10,000 people was held at Pingling military camp in Taiping village, Taichung county.

1981 April 5, “Youths in ROC vow to carry out national goals”, in Free China Weekly, volume XXII, number 13, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 4:

In tracing the history of the cases, it found that a 60-year-old female patient in Taichung's Taiping District Xinguang Borough began experiencing symptoms including fever in mid-August.

2018 September 6, M. Chuang, “登革熱再增7病例 中市6例.高市1例 [CDC Confirms Seven New Dengue Fever Cases]”, in Public Television Service, archived from the original on 2018-09-07:

(historical) Taiping Prefecture, a former prefecture of China located west of Nanjing during the Ming and Qing dynasties.


Qiantang

/t͡ʃiˌænˈtæŋ/

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
Qian Liu
Qiantang
Tang dynasty
Wuyue

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 錢塘／钱塘 (Qiántáng), named for the dyke constructed on the river by Qian Liu, ruler of Wuyue, one of the Ten Kingdoms that succeeded the Tang dynasty.

In the Province of Chekiang, near the chief City of Hangcheu, runs a River, which in regard of its courſe, is called ſometimes Che, at other times Cientang, and in ſome places Cingan.

[1669, John Nievhoff, translated by John Ogilby, An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, →OCLC, page 238:

The Choushan Archipelago of Chekiang, visited by both the cold and warm currents, is rich in fishes of cold- and warm-water origin which come in search of the nutritious food washed down by the Yangtse and Chientang waters. Choushan is now China’s biggest fishing ground.

[1964, 任育地 [Jen Yu-ti], “Seas”, in 中国地理概述 [A Concise Geography of China], Peking: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, →OL, page 46:

The prince had the two old canals of the Wu kings widened, deepened, and lined with rock. Then he extended the canal around Tai Hu, and south to the Chientang River.

[1967, Lyn Harrington, “Sui—"The Son of a Talented Father Shows Talent"”, in The Grand Canal of China, Rand McNally & Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 27:

The Severn has England's best bore, but it is less impressive than some others. North America has a spectacular one on the Petitcodiac River in New Brunswick. India has several. The Amazon has one. The greatest of all is said to be on the Qiantang River in Hangzhou, China.

1985 December 22, Roy Reed, “HERE COMES THE SEVERN BORE”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, Section 10, page 23:

To the west and beyond the lake to the south was the broad river the Qiantang, at its widest almost two miles across, at its narrowest, at least half a mile.

2002, R. Keith Schoppa, Song Full of Tears: Nine Centuries of Chinese Life at Xiang Lake, Westview Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 3:

“Tides: The Science and Spirit of the Ocean” Author, surfer and sailor Jonathan White discusses his book, in which he recounts being under Arctic ice with an Inuit elder, hunting for mussels in the dark cavities left behind at low tide, a race with the “Silver Dragon,” a 25-foot tidal bore that surges 80 miles up the Qiantang River, and interviewing monks who live in a tide-wreathed monastery on Mont Saint-Michel, France.

2017 April 20, Gerri Marmer, “D.C. community and cultural events, April 20-27, 2017”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-04-20, Social Issues:

A river in China, flowing north and east through Zhejiang into Hangzhou Bay.


Lushan

In the village of Tunghua in Lushan county of Honan Province a child bride, Li Hsiu-yuan, demanded a divorce, but the local officials were against it, and for three months, the case hung fire.

1959, C. K. Yang, The Chinese Family in the Communist Revolution, M.I.T. Press, published 1972, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 82:


Jingpo

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 鏡泊湖／镜泊湖 (Jìngpō Hú, literally “mirror lake”), named for the supposed clarity of its waters.

zh-l

An extensive alternation of the Manchoukuo Government's project for the establishment of a gigantic State-owned hydroelectric power-house near the Chingpo Lake in Mutankiang Province, is recommended in an official report just submitted by the party of experts which was recently dispatched to the spot to conduct further investigations into the project.

[1938 April, “Chingpo Power Project Revised”, in The Far Eastern Review, volume XXXIV, number 4, Shanghai, →OCLC, page 151, column 2:

Many if not most young people in China like to write poems and the friends who were with me at Chingpo Lake were no exception to the rule.[…]
Thirty-six kilometres from the sanitorium at Chingpo Lake, and we came inside the re- mains of the outer walls of the capital of Po- hai Kingdom, of which more anon.

[1971, Rewi Alley, “Mutankiang”, in Eastern Horizon, Hong Kong: Eastern Horizon Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 9, columns 1, 2:

He was fishing on a lake called Jingpo Hu in northeast China, caught a bass - which the Chinese call Ao Hua Yu - that weighed more than five pounds -but was told that some of the lake's bass were over 30 pounds.[…]
The group then goes to Jingpo Hu (Mirror Lake) for five or six days of fishing - for lake trout and muskellunge as well as bass.

1982 March 28, Stanley Carr, “Travel Advisory; NORDIC HERITAGE AND WESTERN WAGONS”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, Section 10, page 3:

JINGPO LAKE 镜泊湖
Jingpo, or “Mirror,” Lake, south of Mudanjiang, was formed by volcanic explosions near the Mudan River over 5000 years ago. Despite throngs of summer tourists, Jingpo Lake Reserve can be surprisingly peaceful due to its sprawling size.

2005, Shelley Jiang, editor, Let's Go: China (Let's Go), 1st edition, New York: St. Martin's Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 237:

A lake on the Mudan River in northern China.


Nanshan

From Mandarin Chinese 南山 ("South Mountain"; "any southern mountain, hill, range, or island").

for Japanese placenames derived from the same characters

for Korean placenames derived from the same characters

In the election on May 9, Chen Huibin won, but the other candidate, Wu Haining, cried foul. As Chen was preparing for a five-year term as the local delegate, starting with the fourth Nanshan District People’s Congress held on May 27, Wu claimed the election was fraudulent and reported it to the Shenzhen and Nanshan District People’s Congress Standing Committee.

2003 June 13, Ivy Zhang, “Was the Right Person Elected?”, in Beijing Today, number 108, →OCLC, page 8, column 1:

Shenzhen’s Nanshan District is scattered with state-of-the-art high-rises, impressive corporate headquarters, government buildings, five-star hotels, and fancy shopping malls.

2012, Behzad Yaghmaian, The Accidental Capitalist: A People's Story of the New China, Pluto Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 160:

On Tuesday, the Shenzhen Nanshan District Court sentenced Wang Jianmin, 63, to five years and three months in jail and Guo Zhongxiao, 41, to two years and three months, Wang’s lawyer, Chen Nansha, said.[...]
The Shenzhen Nanshan District Court, district government and foreign affairs office did not immediately respond to a request comment. The Hong Kong police said arrests in mainland China were outside of their jurisdiction.

2016 July 26, Tris Pan, Lindsy Long, Sharon Shi, Clare Baldwin, “Two Hong Kong magazine executives jailed in China - lawyer”, in Robert Birsel, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-07, World News:

Various towns, districts, and subdistricts of China.

A district of Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, across Deep Bay from Hong Kong


Gushan

From the pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese 孤山 (Gūshān; "Lonely Mountain, an isolated mountain, hill, or island").


Yandang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 雁蕩／雁荡 (Yàndàng, literally “Wild Goose Pond”).

bor

A town in Yueqing, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.


Jinhua

/d͡ʒɪnˈhwɑː/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 金華／金华 (Jīnhuá, literally “golden flourishing”).

der

From Wenchow there was a bus route to Kinhua, the provincial capital; and from Kinhua a railroad led straight inland to Nanchang.

[1941, Joy Homer, Dawn Watch in China, →OCLC, page 6:

An international flock of young architects has left its imprint on Jinhua, a city about four hours south of Shanghai. Since March 2004, 17 pavilions have risen there, all set on a 44-acre riverfront park.

2005 October 9, Andrew Yang, “The Remix; Art Park”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-29, Magazine:

Over 370 people were detained, prosecuted or otherwise reprimanded in the case, police in Jinhua city said in a statement on their website. Jinhua is in Zhejiang province on China’s eastern coast, a zone known for its shadowy financial networks.

2015 November 20, Erika Kinetz, Yu Bing, Fu Ting, “China breaks up $64 billion underground banking network”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2023-03-07:

A major city in central Zhejiang, in eastern China.


Leihe

The moderately sensitive area was the buffer region one kilometer away from the water source, involving in part the the^([sic]) Leihe development region and the town of Kongwan.

2011, Jing Zhang, Ke Wang, Xinming Chen, Wenjuan Zhu, “Combining a Fuzzy Matter-Element Model with a Geographic Information System in Eco-Environmental Sensitivity and Distribution of Land Use Planning”, in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, volume 8, number 4, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1216:

There are 10 town^([sic – meaning towns]) in Yicheng City, that are Xiaohe, Zhenji, Kongwan, Liuhou, Wangji, Banqiao, Liushui, Yancheng, Nanying and Leihe.

2013, Wenling Jiang, Yu He, “Space Distribution Pattern Research and Optimization Analysis of Rural Settlements in Yicheng City”, in Sustainable Cities Development and Environment Protection, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 50:

In Liaohe Village, Leihe Town, Yicheng City, the clean and tidy hardened road, the interesting cultural wall, and the green farm yard seem to be in a beautiful picture. Material life has become better, cultural life is also colorful, and local villagers are immersed in the festive celebration of the festival, displaying various folk culture programs.

2022 January 26, “Starting from happiness - Xiangyang City held a special program activity for the benefit of grass-roots culture in the New Year”, in LaiTimes, archived from the original on 2022-10-13:

A town in Yicheng, Xiangyang, Hubei, China.


Xiangtan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 湘潭 (Xiāngtán, literally “[place of the] Xiang River eddy”).

bor

Mao’s hometown, Xiangtan City, in Hunan Province, is spending $2.5 billion on public events celebrating him.

2013 December 25, Gao Wenqian, “China Must Purge Mao's Ghost”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-12-26, Opinion:

The Industry Foundation of the Chinese city of Xiangtan, in the southern province of Hunan, Geely-backed GLy Capital and South Korea's Mirae Asset also participated in the capital raise, according to the statement.

2022 October 26, Roxanne Liu, Kane Wu, “Chinese automaker Geely's new energy brand Farizon raises over $300 mln”, in Bernadette Baum, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2010-10-26, Autos & Transportation:

A prefecture-level city in Hunan, China, on the lower Xiang River.


Tarim Basin

More surprises were in store. In the last two decades, Chinese archeologists digging in the same region, the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang Province, have uncovered more than 100 naturally mummified corpses of people who lived there 4,000 to 2,400 years ago.

1996 May 7, John Noble Wilford, “Mummies, Textiles Offer Evidence Of Europeans in Far East”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2009-08-07, SCIENCE:

At Cherchen, the only town of any size in the entire southeastern quadrant of the Tarim Basin (itself an oval 400 by 800 miles in diameter, mostly desert), they learned that locals had discovered an extensive antique cemetery on a plateau above the nearby hamlet of Zaghunluq.

1999, Elizabeth Wayland Barber, The Mummies of Ürümchi, W. W. Norton & Company, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 43:

The Tarim basin currently has an annual production capacity of over 2 million tonnes of condensate and 10 bcm of natural gas.

2019 October 4, Aizhu in Singapore Chen, Sun Yilei in Shanghai, “PetroChina unit strikes high oil, gas flows in deep Tarim well”, in Kenneth Maxwell, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2019-10-05, Commodities:

An endorheic basin in Xinjiang, northwest China, occupying an area of about 906,500 km2 (350,000 sq mi).


Linyi

China has banned electro-shock therapy as a treatment for Internet addiction, citing uncertainty in the safety and effectiveness of the practice after criticism in the local media.
The Ministry of Health announcement followed recent media reports about a controversial psychiatrist in Linyi, Shandong Province, who administered electric currents to nearly 3,000 teenagers in an attempt to rid them of their Internet habit.

2009 July 14, Liu Zhen, Lucy Hornby, “China bans electro-shock therapy for Internet addicts”, in Miral Fahmy, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-13, Lifestyle:

A prefecture-level city in southern Shandong, China.


Huai'an

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 淮安 (Huái'ān).

In 486 B.C., King Fu Chai of Wu, in an attempt to seek supremacy in the north, constructed the Han Canal from Jiangdu to Huai'an, both in modern Jiangsu Province, so that the Huaihe River was linked with the Changjiang River.

1982, Bai Shouyi (白寿彝), editor, 中国通史纲要 [An Outline History of China] (China Knowledge Series), Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, page 103:

Three have died in the last month, said the Information Center for Human Rights and Democracy, a Hong Kong-based watchdog group. They include Zhang Zhenggang, 36, a bank clerk from Huaian in Jiangsu Province, who the center said was beaten with wooden clubs on March 25 and lapsed into a coma.

[2000 April 21, Elisabeth Rosenthal, “China Admits Banned Sect Is Continuing Its Protests”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-10-16, International:

The new cases in Wuhan, along with infections in the nearby cities of Jingzhou and Huanggang since Saturday, were linked to cases in the city of Huaian in Jiangsu province, said Li Yang, vice director of the Hubei province disease control centre.

[2021 August 2, Ryan Woo, “China's Wuhan to test all 12 million residents as Delta variant spreads”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-08-04, China:

A prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu, in eastern China.

淮安

a prefecture-level city in eastern China


Huaibei

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 淮北 (Huáiběi).

The Yangtse and Huai Rivers cut through Anhwei, dividing it into three areas from north to south — Huaipei, Huainan and Wannan.
The greater part of Huaipei, the area north of the Huai, consists of plain less than 50 metres above sea level. In the past it was almost all dry land, growing mainly wheat and sweet potatoes.

[1964, Yu-ti (任育地) Jen, “The Middle and Lower Yellow River Region”, in 中国地理概述 [A Concise Geography of China], Peking: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, page 122:

The biggest project completed this year was the construction of a 150‐mile waterway linking Honan, Anhwei and Kiangsu Provinces across the Huaipei Plain.[…]
The Huaipei plain project was launched in 1966, but in Hupeh Province 600,000 workers re portedly took only six months to build a 60 mile‐long canal.

[1970 July 6 [1970 July 5], “CHINESE MASSES WORK ON CANALS”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-10-08, page 7:

The newspaper said that in the central Chinese town of Huaipei, every purchaser of a pack of Unity cigarettes also had to buy a pack of Chianghuai cigarettes, even though they were considered a much inferior brand.

[1978 September 5, Jay Mathews, “Between Puffs, Chinese Warned on Cigarette Hazards”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-04:

The wall fell on the schoolgirls as they gathered on the sidelines of an outdoor basketball game at Tongren Middle School in the city of Huaibei, the Anhui Administration of Work Safety said on its official website.

2014 December 8, “5 Chinese students die after school wall collapses”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2023-03-12:

A prefecture-level city in northern Anhui, China.


Wei River

/ˈweɪ ˌɹɪvə(ɹ)/

Partial calque from Mandarin 渭河 (Wèihé, literally “Wei river”)

The fact, therefore, that the Tae pings, when they raised the siege of Hwae king on the 1st September marched westwards by it into Shan se, shows that the Imperial forces were strong enough to prevent their descent by the Wei river.

1856, Thomas Taylor Meadows, The Chinese and their Rebellions, London: Smith, Elder & Co., →OCLC, page 176:

Leaving Kuanyint'ang there is a drop into a ravine and then a stiff climb of a few hundred feet to reach the pass over a range of mountains, the watershed between the Lo and Yellow rivers. This ridge is really the end of one of the principal ranges of the Ch'inling Shan, the one which runs east and west right across Shensi immediately south of the Wei River.

1921, Eric Teichman, Travels of a Consular Officer in North-West China, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →OCLC, →OL, page 3:

THERE WAS NO China, only a collection of squabbling states, before the short-lived but powerful Qin dynasty (221-206 B.C.) brought terror and unity to the land. The Qin were the first to stake their capital here, on the Wei River, but the country’s Han majority — now the world’s biggest ethnic group, more than a billion strong, representing nearly one out of every six people on earth — take their name from the Qin’s successor, the Han dynasty, which raised a new capital nearby, Chang’an, in 202-200 B.C.

2020 May 11, Ligaya Mishan, “Eating in Xi’an, Where Wheat and Lamb Speak to China’s Varied Palette”, in New York Times, archived from the original on 2020-05-11:

A major river in west-central China's Gansu and Shaanxi provinces, and the largest tributary of the Yellow River.


Ningpo

In Ningpo, the ninth City of the Province of Chekiang, both ſides of the Artificial Rivers, for ſeveral miles together, are made up with Stone : At the end of every River lyes a Sluce, through which all Veſſels muſt paſs before they come into it.

1669, John Nievhoff, translated by John Ogilby, An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, page 229:

In the Lower Yangtze plain section of Chekiang, rice is associated with winter wheat and with silk and cotton. Cotton is also cultivated-on the south shore of Hangchow Bay, chiefly around Yüyao, from where it is shipped to Shanghai and Ningpo.

1956, Theodore Shabad, China's Changing Map: A Political and Economic Geography of the Chinese People's Republic, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, page 153:

The Shang-yü gazetteer describes the increasing unruliness of tenants from the Opium War period on, and rather disingenuously places all the blame on the unrest stirred up by the British invasion of Ningpo at that time.

1986, James H. Cole, Shaohsing: Competition and Cooperation in Nineteenth-Century China, University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 32:

She grew up in Chevy Chase; Long Beach, Calif.; Ningpo, China; and Geneva as the family moved because of her father's Navy assignments.

2006 October 28, “Obituaries”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-10-15:

The men from Ningpo who'd moved to Shanghai and created banking empires are just the type of bankers Jack likes: tight-lipped.

2018, Paul French, City of Devils, Picador, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 51:

Yamei Kin was born in 1864 in the eastern Chinese city of Ningpo, now called Ningbo, to a Chinese pastor and his wife, according to an annotated bibliography of Kin’s life that was published in 2016 by the SoyInfo Center in California.

2018 October 17, Mark Ives, “Overlooked No More: Yamei Kin, the Chinese Doctor Who Introduced Tofu to the West”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-10-17, Obituaries:

Alternative form of Ningbo, a port-city, prefecture-level city, and subprovincial city in Zhejiang, China


Wusong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 吳淞／吴淞 (Wúsōng).

A subdistrict of Baoshan District in Shanghai, China.


Langya

zh-l

瑯琊／琅琊 (Lángyá)

National Day in China is like the Fourth of July at home — firecrackers and fireworks, picnics and outings, patriotic speeches and all the pomp that circumstance can muster. For the foreign experts at Nanjing University it meant an all-day outing to Mount Langya in Anhui Province.

1985 October 1, James Friend, edited by Beverly Friend, China Journal: A World of Difference, volume I, Lincolnwood, Ill.: Friendly Books, published 2008, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 93:

Risesun Real Estate Development Co Ltd
* Says unit signed cooperative development framework agreement with Langya Mountain scenic area management committee
* Says two entities mainly cooperate on construction of service economy demonstration area in Langya Mountain scenic area

2017 August 9, “BRIEF-Risesun Real Estate Development unit signs cooperative development framework agreement”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-15, Financials:


Liangguang

From the pinyin romanization of Mandarin 兩廣／两广 (Liǎngguǎng, “the Two Expanses”).

She was one of the first to ship champagne to the East - China received 48 bottles of Veuve Clicquot in 1847, around the same time as the Treaty of Canton was signed between Sweden-Norway and Qiying, the viceroy of Liangguang.

2015 December 19, Nellie Ming Lee, “Behind many great champagnes is an even greater woman”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-12-30, FOOD & DRINK:

The Qing viceroyalty which oversaw the two provinces


Lan

Drivers can take the exit and head north to Kelan, south to Jingle, or west onto a hill road that leads to Lan County in Lüliang City.

2020, Shunmin (鲁顺民) Lu, Yang Yao (杨遥), Chen Kehai (陈克海), 掷地有声：从山西看中国脱贫攻坚 [Pathway to Prosperity: China's Poverty Alleviation with a Case Study of Shanxi Province], →ISBN, page https://books.google.com/books?id=qKIwEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT414:


Liwan

A district of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.


Erenhot

Borrowed from Mongolian ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠡ
ᠬᠣᠲᠠ (eriyee qota) / Эрээн хот (Ereen xot).

At the border town of Erenhot, the people working beside the track look up and smile as the train enters China and begin to applaud.

1988 March, Paul Theroux, “China Passage”, in National Geographic Magazine, volume 173, number 3, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 298:

Cheng would have to stop him further down in the Gobi’s dunes around the railhead of Erenhot, and so it was to Erenhot, the railhead on the border of China’s Inner Mongolia and Mongolia, that many of the reserves from Beijing’s Sixty-fifth Army Group were now being sent.

1993, Ian Slater, WWIII: Asian Front (Fiction), Fawcett Gold Medal Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 218:

Erenhot—known for little more than being a border town, a required stop for motorists and trains, as well as rich fossil territory.[...]"We cannot let you be seen," she shouted to him, when the first lights of Erenhot—and Zamyn-Uud, a little farther across the border between Mongolia and China— flickered into view. "No one would understand!"

2009 August, Marjorie Liu, The Fire King, Leisure Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 72–73:

On Monday, disease-hit Erenhot in Inner Mongolia banned travel in and out of the city and ordered residents to stay at home, while an outbreak in Ejin county prompted authorities earlier this week to shutter tourist sites and restrict travel.

2021 October 22, “Beijing launches new mass testing wave after four Covid cases found”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2021-10-22:

A county-level city in Xilingol, Inner Mongolia, China.


Tianfu

Translingual: tianfuensis

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 天府 (Tiānfǔ).

Chengdu's growth story continues with the Tianfu New District development, a huge new business district that will spread over more than 1,500 square kilometres of land to the south of the city.

2012 April 25, Sascha Matuszak, “Push to become hi-tech manufacturing base”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-11-10:

The central government has approved plans by Sichuan province to set up the new Tianfu business district as part of plans to accelerate development in western China.

2014 October 14, “PRESS DIGEST- China - Oct 15”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2016-05-31:

The new city is called Tianfu; it was designed by the architecture firm Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill, and is being brought to life by the Beijing Vantone Real Estate Co., in partnership with the Chengdu municipal government — of course.
Tianfu is designed to provision its 80,000 residents with all the latest green features bundled into a 13 sq km satellite city that sits very much removed from the downtown core of Chengdu.

2015, Wade Shepard, “A new city, a new identity”, in Ghost Cities of China: The Story of Cities without People in the World's Most Populated Country, London: Zed Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 129:

Tianfu New Area, a state-level new area approved by the Chinese government in October 2014, has a planned total area of 1,578 km2, including 564km2 directly managed by Chengdu Municipal Corporation.

2020 October 26, “Tianfu New Area, China Aims To Provide “Tianfu New Area Experience” To Park City Residents”, in AP News, sourced from Accesswire and The Chengdu Management Committee of Sichuan Tianfu New Area, archived from the original on 2024-10-06:

A new area in Sichuan, China, in Chengdu and Meishan.


Chaoyang

Translingual: chaoyangensis

/(ˈ)t͡ʃaʊˈjæŋ/

Any of several towns, cities and districts in China:

A prefecture-level city in Liaoning, China.

Peiping's public security bureau has been paralyzed by mob actions, according to an intelligence report reaching Taipei.
The report said that since the Tienanmen uprising last April 6 each branch of the city's security bureau has been raided by mobs three to five times.
The Chaoyang branch of the bureau received the brunt of the mob attacks, the report said. It was visited by angry rioters nine times in a single month, and 14 of its officials were killed.

1977 March 6, “Mobs raid offices of public security bureau”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVIII, number 9, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

Six new cases were found in Beijing's central districts of Chaoyang and Haidian. China is seeing a spike in cases due to domestic travel in the past month.

2021 November 11, “Coronavirus digest: Germany reports new record-high case numbers”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2021-11-12:

Seventy people have tested positive in Beijing since Friday. In the capital’s fashionable Chaoyang district, home to most of those cases, the government initially ordered all 3.5 million residents to take three P.C.R. tests over the next five days.

2022 April 25, Nancy Wartik, “China and the World Wait”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-04-25, Briefing:

Beijing reported 50 local cases on Thursday, a day after it said people in Chaoyang, its most populous district, should work from home.[…]
But Feng Yinhao, a massage parlour employee in Chaoyang district, said Beijing was "still normal" compared to the country's largest city, Shanghai.

2022 May 5, “Millions in Beijing urged to work from home to fight Covid”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2022-05-05:


Chaoyang

/(ˈ)t͡ʃaʊˈjæŋ/

Dr. R. E. Worley was appointed to this work in 1903, but his devoted, self-sacrificing service was brief, for in the summer of 1907 he was drowned while crossing Swatow Bay after his regular weekly visit to Chaoyang, where he had a dispensary.

1907, Missions in China, Boston, Mass.: American Baptist Missionary Union, →OCLC, page 46:

A district of Shantou, Guangdong, China.


Beishan

Translingual: beishanensis, Beishanlong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 北山 (Běishān).

The Hohsi Corridor is long, narrow and easily passable. Over 1,000 kilometres in length, it is bordered on the south by the Chilien Mountains and on the north by the broken, slightly lower Peishan Mountains. It is penetrated by the rolling sand from Inner Mongolia. The corridor, though an arid area, is constantly watered by the melting snow and ice from the Chiliens. The irrigation system here goes back 2,000 years, when agriculture was originally developed on the oases on which most of the towns and villages have since arisen.

[1964, Yu-ti (任育地) Jen, 中国地理概述 [A Concise Geography of China], Peking: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, page 195:

The desert division of China is essentially composed of the Alashan Plateau (including the Beishan Mountains and the Hexi Corridor), two great inland basins (the Junggar and the Tarim) and their surrounding high mountains (mainly the Tianshan and the Altay).

1986, Zhao Songqiao (Chao Sung-chiao), Physical Geography of China, Science Press, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 170:

In the Beishan Mts., the Jinta Formation is unconformably overlain by the Fangshankou Group.

1987, Geotectonic Evolution of China, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 36:

The wall, from the Ming period, which is still intact, stretches south-westwards to the foothills of the Qilianshan and approximately northwards to the Beishan.

1993, China (Insight Guides), 2nd edition, Singapore: Houghton Mifflin Company, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 231:

China now has a centralized spent fuel facility in Lanzhou (Gansu). The current storage capacity of 550 tonnes could be doubled, but still will not be sufficient to cope with the greater volume in future. China has been considering another repository, in Beishan Mountain in Inner Mongolia.

2008 August 25, “CHINA: Nuclear expansion faces obstacles”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-03, World:

A subdistrict of Chuanying district, Jilin, Jilin, China.

A subdistrict of Yanji, Yanbian, Jilin, China.

A subdistrict of Xiangyang district, Hegang, Heilongjiang, China.

A subdistrict of Lingdong district, Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang, China.

A subdistrict of Xinxing district, Qitaihe, Heilongjiang, China.

A subdistrict of Aimin district, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China.

A subdistrict of Xihu district, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

A subdistrict of Macun district, Jiaozuo, Henan, China.

A town in Qingtian, Lishui, Zhejiang, China.

A town in Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China.

A town in Longhui, Shaoyang, Hunan, China.

A town in Yizhou district, Hechi, Guizhou, China.

A township in Suibin, Hegang, Heilongjiang, China.

A township in Duchang, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.

A township in Dazhou district, Dazhou, Sichuan, China.

A township in Xide, Liangshan, Sichuan, China.

A township in Minhe, Haidong, Qinghai, China.

A township in Menyuan, Haibei, Qinghai, China.

A village in Bo'ao, Qionghai, Hainan, China.

(historical) A village in Lingshanwei, Huangdao district, Qingdao, Shandong, China.


Loess Plateau

The Loess Plateau
China’s Loess Plateau is the most widely distributed loess area on earth. This loess is a deep deposit of paleosol, and the plateau is most systematically and completely developed for crops (Zhu Xianmo, 1986).

1993, Dazhong Wen, “Soil erosion and conservation in China”, in David Pimentel, editor, World Soil Erosion and Conservation, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 64:

First excavated in A.D. 1963 at Lantian (near Xi’an) on the warm temperate Loess Plateau, the Lantian people lived about 800,000 to 600,000 years before the present.

1994, Zhao Songqiao, Geography of China, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 48:

A plateau that covers an area of some 640,000 km² in the upper and middle reaches of China's Yellow River.

黃土高原

plateau that covers an area in China's Yellow River


Ju

From various romanizations of various Chinese characters. As a prefecture, from Chinese 矩州 (Jǔzhōu, “Carpenter's-Square Prefecture”).


Ordos

Genghis Khan
Loess Plateau
Ordos
Yuan dynasty

From Classical Mongolian ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠰ (ordos, “palaces”), from Classical Mongolian ᠣᠷᠳᠣ (ordo, “palace”) + ᠊ᠰ (-s, plural suffix); probably from Proto-Turkic *or- (“army, place of staying of the army, ruler etc.”). Originally in reference to the portable mausoleums of Genghis Khan (known as the "eight white yurts"), which were used following the fall of the Yuan dynasty in 1368. These were entrusted to caretakers, who worshipped at the mausoleums as the "soul guards" of the khan, and who moved to the Ordos plateau in the years following. After a time, both the people and their territory took the name, due to the presence of the mausoleums there.

der

The Chinese Moslems, who constitute the largest minority, number about 700,000. They are organized in two autonomous chou and three autonomous hsien. The Wuchung Moslem Autonomous Chou, situated east of the Yellow River in former Ningsia Province, was called the Hotung (“east of the river”) chou until April, 1955, when it was renamed for its capital. The Wuchung chou has a population of 230,000, 62 per cent of whom are Moslems. The Wuchung chou includes the east-bank section of the Ningsia irrigated plain, adjoins the Ordos desert and passes southeastward into the loesslands. The autonomous chou was set up in April, 1954.

1956, Theodore Shabad, China's Changing Map: A Political and Economic Geography of the Chinese People's Republic, New York: Frederick A. Praeger, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 246:

The river, which is some 3,028 miles long and has a catchment basin of 250,000 sq. miles, rises in the Bayan Kara Shan (15,000 ft) of north-east Tibet and flows as a mountain torrent above Lanchow. Between Lanchow and Wuchung in Ningsia it descends on to the Inner Mongolian plateau and is less torrential although still of considerable strength. At Wuchung it starts on its northward course, known as the Great Bend, across the Ordos Desert.

1970, T. R. Tregear, An Economic Geography of China, Butterworths, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 60:

A region of China, enclosed by the great northern bend of the Yellow River and the Wei River to the south; also called Ordos Loop.


Wuhu

The report said the investigation has extended to Wuhu, in Anhwei Province, and Hangchow in Chekiang Province.

1973 June 17, “Attempt on Maoist leader in Shanghai”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIV, number 23, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

Inhabitants of the urban districts of Wuhu in Anhui Province awoke on Sunday morning to official orders to stay at home and get tested — daily — until the government decides that it has stamped out cases of the Omicron variant, which is straining China’s “zero Covid” policy to its limits.
The Wuhu government said it took the drastic step after one school student tested positive. Despite the stay-at-home command, many in Wuhu rushed out to stock up on food before the restrictions took full force, videos and pictures online show.

2022 April 19, Chris Buckley, “China’s Covid shutdowns go far beyond Shanghai.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-04-19, World:

For quotations using this term, see Citations:Wuhu.

A prefecture-level city in southeastern Anhui, China.

蕪湖

a prefecture-level city in southeastern Anhui province in China


Nanchong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 南充 (Nánchōng).

Her mother had recently had minor surgery, so Qin decided it was a good time to leave the golf company and move back to her hometown of Nanchong, a city in Sichuan province some 200 km (125 miles) east of Chengdu.

2017 October 17, John Ruwitch, Anita Li, “Cash and coffee: a young woman's path in a changing China”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-07, Regulatory News:

A prefecture-level city in Sichuan, China.

南充

a prefecture-level city in Sichuan, China


Hexi Corridor

Partial calque from Mandarin and from the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 河西走廊 (Héxī Zǒuláng).

Su-pei Mongol Autonomous Hsien is situated in the western portion of the Ho-hsi Corridor of Kansu Province, bordering A-k'o-sai Kazakh Autonomous Hsien...

[1964 April 14 [1963 November 20], “Small Su-pei Mongol Hsien Grows”, in Communist China Digest, number 117, Joint Publications Research Service, sourced from Peiping, Kuang-ming Jih-pao, →OCLC, page 17:

The geological structure of the Alashan Plain is more complex. The central portion of it was composed of ancient pre-Sinian deposits which were gradually overlaid by a mantle of Quaternary sands, but crop out on the surface in the elevations. The northern part is composed of Paleozoic and Mesozoic (chiefly Cretaceous) sediments while the southern piedmont portion (i.e., the Hohsi Corridor) was filled by beds of Paleozoic sedimentary and Meso-Cenozoic continental deposits which reach particularly great thickness in certain depressions such as the Chiuch’uan, Kanchou and Chaoshui.

[1969, “Northwest China: The Mongolian-Sinkiang Region”, in The Physical Geography of China, volume II, Frederick A. Praeger, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 212:

When we were in Zhangye we consulted a map and saw that the Ruoshui River has its source in the Qilian Mountains, then winds north through the Hexi Corridor and into the desert. It then flows through the forests of Ejin Banner and pours into two lakes — the Gaxun Nur and the Sogo Nur.

1993 August, Miao Wang, Shi Bao Xiu, “A Detour Through the Desert to Etzina”, in Tu Nai Hsien, editor, From the Pamirs to Beijing: Tracing Marco Polo's Northern Route, Hong Kong: HK China Tourism Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 94, column 1:

Dust-fall sampling along the Hexi Corridor shows that while it is traditionally believed that dust storm activity peaks in spring to early summer, the pattern is more complex (Figure 2.2).

2003, Geology and Health: Closing the Gap, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 17:

(historical) Part of the Northern Silk Road running northwest from the bank of the Yellow River. Consisting of a string of oases, it was the most important route from North China to the Tarim Basin and Central Asia for traders and the military.


Anju

'This is the worst drought I've ever experienced,' said Nie Zhongchang, a 61-year-old peasant in Anju district, Suining , one of the worst-hit cities in Sichuan. 'All the paddies have dried up.'

2006 August 22, Bill Savadove, “Rainfall brings only brief respite to drought-hit regions”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-07-24:

On June 3, 2011, in Buyun Town (Anju District, Suining, Sichuan), four candidates for secretary of the township Party committee were elected by more than 150 representatives of Party members, people and village officials graduated from universities and colleges through secret ballot.

2012, chapter 10, in The Strength of Democracy: How will the CPC march ahead, China Intercontinental Press (五洲传播出版社), →ISBN, →OCLC, page 264:


Jining

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 濟寧／济宁 (Jǐníng).

To top it off, the central branch in Jining loudly endorsed the experience of Teng County by declaring, at the region’s meeting of county bank managers and agricultural credit co-operative directors, “learn from Teng County; continue to mine the potential; go all out in savings accounts. Don’t be put off by this kind or that kind of interference!”

1980, Hugh Thomas, transl., Comrade Editor: Letters to the People's Daily, Hongkong: Joint Publishing Co., →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 195:

A prefecture-level city in southwestern Shandong, China.


Jining

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 集寧／集宁 (Jíníng).

Vatican spokesman Matteo Bruni confirmed Tuesday that Monsignor Antonio Yao Shun had received a papal mandate. He was therefore legitimately consecrated bishop of Jining, in Inner Mongolia, at a ceremony Monday.

2019 August 27, “First Chinese bishop consecrated with pope’s OK after deal”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2023-03-07:

A district of Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia, China; former county-level city in Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia, China.


Rizhao

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 日照 (Rìzhào).

A video of tanks in China went viral on Monday 18 July, 2022, with social media users claiming it shows the Chinese government suppressing protesters in Henan over the ongoing banking scandals. However, the video was actually filmed in Rizhao City in Shandong Province and according to our sources, the tanks were deployed as part of military drills.

2022 July 21, Yu-Hsiang Wang, “Did the Chinese government really deploy military tanks to suppress protesters in Henan province?”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2022-07-21:

In China, authorities said they might soon shoot down an unidentified flying object over waters near the northern city of Rizhao, The South China Morning Post reported.

2023 February 12, Daniel E. Slotnik, Amelia Nierenberg, “Your Monday Briefing: U.S. Destroys U.F.O.s”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-02-13, Briefing:


South China

DAIREN, South Manchuria, Oct. 12. -- South China with its Communists, the Yangtse Valley with rampant anti-foreignism and incessant civil warfare and Peking with Marshal Chang Tso-lin attempting to consolidate his dictatorship and found a stable central Government -- these seem to be the major constituents of the Chinese problem until one visits Manchuria.

1927 November 13, Hallett Abend, “GRIM STRUGGLE ON TO RULE MANCHURIA; China, Russia and Japan Bid for Supremacy of Vast Domain, Realizing It May End in War. DAIREN A SPOTLESS CITY Built by Japan, It Is Clean and Modern In Contrast to Dirty and Inefficient Towns of South. GRIM STRUGGLE ON TO RULE MANCHURIA”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-01-16, EDITORIALE, page 1:

Confronted with the challenge of economic restructuring in the context of the noninterventionist policy of the Hong Kong government, local manufacturers had amore limited ability to pursue technological upgrading than their counterparts in Taiwan, South Korea, and Singapore had. Their survival strategy was to take advantage of the new availability of the massive supply of cheap labor and cheap industrial land in South China.

1998, Ching Kwan Lee, Gender and the South China Miracle, University of California Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, pages 45–46:

The seasonal change of the winds, in the Asian monsoon system, drove long distance mobility on the south China coast.

2001, Carolyn Cartier, Globalizing South China, Blackwell Publishers, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 89:

As they spent much time in prayer for the nearly eight million people of Kwangsi, South China, God began calling some of them to that field of service so that within the next five years seventeen from the same class were serving in South China.

2007, Martha L. Charles Pepper, “Missionary Training, 1893-1896”, in All the Way to China: The story of Isaac L. Hess and his Landis cousins who went to South China as pioneer missionaries in the 1890s, Morgantown, PA: Masthof Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 33:


Siyi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 四邑 (Sìyì).

Aside from these two deltas, other densely-populated areas are the southern Mu-ming Plain in western Kwangtung and Ssu-i (including Hsin-hui, Kai-ping, Tai-shan, and En-ping) where the population density per square kilometer averages 300.

[1956, Jen-ts'ai (梁仁采) Liang, 广东经济地理 [Economic Geography of Kwangtung], Peiping, →OCLC, pages 15–16:

People in the Ssu-i (the four counties — T'ai-shan, K'ai-p'ing, Hsin-hui, En-p'ing), for example, though not far from Canton, have their own distinct dialect, which is scarcely intelligible to an ordinary Cantonese.

[1969, Ezra Vogel, Canton under Communism: Programs and Politics in a Provincial Capital 1949-1968, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 24:

Report by village enumerates death and property losses in the Siyi region resulting from the Japanese invasion which began on 3 March 1941.

1986, Him Mark Lai, A History Reclaimed: An Annotated Bibliography of Chinese Language Materials on the Chinese of America, University of California, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 4:

Experts say up to 80 percent of the Chinese in North America came from the so called “Say-yat” region in the Pearl River Delta -- a group of four districts including Kaiping and Taishan.

[2007 June 28, James Pomfret, “Chinese diaspora villages made World Heritage site”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-03-01, SCIENCE & SPACE:

Xinhui, Taishan, Kaiping, and Enping, collectively; four former counties that now are a part of Jiangmen, Guangdong, China.


Nan Mountains

Partial calque from Mandarin 南嶺／南岭 (Nánlǐng).

zh-l

南嶺／南岭 (Nánlǐng)

The Nan Mountains (Nan Ling) are composed of many ranges running from north-east to south-west. These ranges form the watershed between the Yangtze to the north and the Pearl (Zhu) River to the south. The main peaks along the watershed are above 5,000 feet (1,500 metres), and some are more than 6,500 feet (2,000 metres). But a large part of the land to the south of the Nan Mountains is also hilly; flatland does not exceed 10 per cent of the total area.

2008, The Britannica Guide to Modern China, Running Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 14:

Together with the Guangxi region, Guangdong is clearly separated from the Yangtze River basin by the Nan Mountains, the southernmost of the major Chinese mountain ranges running from east to west.

2011, Kenneth Pletcher, editor, The Geography of China, Britannica Educational Publishing, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 341:

A group of mountain ranges in South China running through Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hunan.

南嶺

mountain ranges in South China running through Guangxi, Guangdong and Hunan


Qin Mountains

Partial calque from Mandarin 秦嶺／秦岭 (Qínlǐng)

秦嶺／秦岭 (Qínlǐng)

The Qin Mountains support an especially rich variety of plant and animal life. This mountain range bisects China east to west and is the watershed for the Yellow River (Huang He) to the north and the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) to the south.

1996, Liz Laider, Keith Laidler, “Eastern Plains and Yangtze Wetlands”, in China's Threatened Wildlife, Blandford, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 115:

At first glance, the residents of Dragon Range seem unlikely victims of industrial pollution. Here in the Qin Mountains, about 600 miles southwest of Beijing, people cultivate lush fields of corn and wheat carved into the mountainside like stairs.

2001 November 5, Philip P. Pan, “Cancer-Stricken Chinese Village Tries to Pierce a Wall of Silence”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-08-20:

To determine which cities qualified for free heating, planners employed the traditional division between northern and southern China that runs along the line of the Qin Mountains and Huai River.
The Huai-Qinling line is an arbitrary boundary dating to imperial times, though it corresponds roughly to the 33rd parallel of latitude and the zero degrees Celsius isotherm in January.

2014 May 21, John Kemp, “COLUMN-For polluted China, gas is a matter of life or death: Kemp”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2014-05-21, Energy:

A major east-west mountain range in southern Shaanxi province, China.


Northeast China Plain

1. Corn-gaoliang-soybean-spring wheat area: the three north-eastern provinces of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang, that is, the whole of the Northeast China Plain.[...]
The Northeast China Plain is becoming a major grain-producing area because of its relatively high level of farm mechanization and increasing crop yields.

1982, Robert C. Hsu, Food for One Billion: China's Agriculture Since 1949, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 18:

The first large-scale oil field (Daqing or “Great Celebration,” Color Plate 10) was discovered in the northern Northeast China Plain in 1959, and China became self-sufficient in petroleum for the first time in 1965.

1994, Zhao Songqiao, Geography of China, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 44:

Oil
China has made great strides in oil production. It is the fifth largest producer in the world. Proven oil reserves for China are ranked ninth in the world, similar to the United States, with up to 24 billion barrels. The country, which is the third largest consumer in the world, became self-sufficient in 1965. This was, in part, because of a large oil field discovered in the northern Northeast China Plain.

2003, Gary T. Whiteford, China (Modern World Nations), Chelsea House, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, pages 94–95:

A plain located in Northeast China lying between the Greater and Lesser Khingan and Changbai mountains.


Fen River

The cities west of the Fen River, where Taning is situated, were visited by him in 1869, but it is hardly possible that the copy of the Gospel which ultimately fell into the hands of Chang the Buddhist priest was one of those sold on that occasion, for the stamp upon the cover with the address at Taiyuanfu points to a later date when a station had been opened.

1921, Marshall Broomhall, In Quest of God: the Life Story of Pastors Chang & Ch'ü, Buddhist Priest & Chinese Scholar, Religious Tract Society, →OCLC, →OL, page 23:

This painting, which is the large central one in the Chinese Fresco Gallery on the ground floor of the Museum, is 38 feet, 2 inches long, and 18 feet, 11 inches high. It is known to have come from the Hsing Hua Ssŭ, "Monastery of Joyful Conversion", which is about ten miles south east of Chi-shan in South Shansi (Lat. 35°35ʹ, Long. 111°01ʹ). The monastery is located in the Chi Mountains, a range which forms part of the southern watershed of the Fen River, on which the town of Chi-shan is situated. In the Chi-shan Hsien Chih the official gazetteer of Chi-shan county, the location of Hsing Hua Monastery is recorded and the date of its founding is given as A.D. 592, in the Sui Dynasty.

1950 August [1937 July], W. C. White, H. E. Fernald, “Chinese Frescoes from the Royal Ontario Museum Toronto”, in Bulletin of the Royal Ontario Museum of Archaeology, Revised edition, number 12, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 6:

A prehistoric site of late Pleistocene age, which was especially prepared for our visit, was seen at Ting-ts'un, above the Fen River (Shansi).

1977, F. Clark Howell, “Introduction”, in Paleoanthropology in the People's Republic of China, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 3:

Taiyuan, the capital of the province, lies on the upper reaches of the Fen surrounded by irrigated ricelands, orchards and vineyards on the mountain slopes, with enormous seams of coal underground. In Shansi all roads lead to Taiyuan, but the roads that radiate out of Taiyuan in every direction lead nowhere.

[1983, William Hinton, “Introduction: Shansi, Land of the Oxhide Lanterns”, in Shenfan, New York: Vintage Books, published 1984, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page xxxiv:

About three hours in, the land leveled off and the horizon gave way to a jumbled skyline, broken by the Fen River. This was not how I had pictured Taiyuan: expecting history and poignancy, I would instead find Prada and Paul Smith.

2008 August 10, Aric Chen, “Bridging Generations on China’s High Plateau”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-02-10, Travel:

According to state media, 59 national meteorological stations reported the highest ever recorded daily rainfall, and 63 their highest accumulative total over the period. The Fen River reached its highest level in four years, they said.
Torrential rains fell for several days last week across the province. In 12 hours overnight to Thursday morning, Shanxi, which ordinarily has an average of 31.3mm for the month, had an average 119.5mm across the province.

2021 October 11, “China floods: bus falls into river as heavy rains destroy homes”, in The Guardian, archived from the original on 2021-10-12:


Sui

At P’inglin (north-east of the present Sui county, Hupeh), more than one thousand people rose under Ch’en Mu, calling themselves the “P’inglin Army”.

1954, Mao Tse-tung, Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung, volume 3, Bombay: People's Publishing House, →OCLC, page 248:

Shen-nung’s geographical origin has been controversial. According to a peasant tradition he was born in a village at the northern border of the county of Sui in Hupei and has been worshipped there (Ching-chou-chi in T’P’YL 189, 6b).

1968, Wolfram Eberhard, translated by Alide Eberhard, The Local Cultures of South and East China, Leiden: E. J. Brill, →OCLC, →OL, page 220:

In the past, Mao Pao was ferried across the river [in time of danger] because earlier he had set free a tortoise,⁵ and the marquis of Sui received a pearl because he had saved a snake.⁶
[...]⁶ Sui was a principality (in Sui County in modern Hupeh Province) in the Warring States period. The marquis of Sui once saved a wounded snake. In return, the snake searched for a large pearl in the river and gave it to the marquis.

1978, “The Chun-shan Wolf”, in Conrad Lung, transl., edited by Y. W. Ma and Joseph S. M. Lau, Traditional Chinese Stories, New York: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 117:

By 1985, a volume of the famous scholar Jao Tsung-I/Rao Zongyi (together with Tseng Hsien-tung/Zeng Xiantong) appeared under the title “Studies on the Inscriptions of the Bells and Chimes From the Tomb of Marquis Yi of the Tseng State at Sui-Hsien” (Province of Ho-pei/Hebei, county of Sui).

1989, Fritz A. Kuttner, “Bronze Bells”, in The Archaeology of Music in Ancient China, 1st edition, New York: Paragon House, published 1990, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 31:

Mr Zeng returned to Sui county, about 200km north of Wuhan, on January 21 to celebrate the Chinese new year with his parents.[...]“If the disease drags on for two months, the start-up I work for will go under and I’ll lose my job,” he said. “There is nothing I can do about this except hope the epidemic will end soon. I am ready to spend a few months in Sui County.”

2020 February 7, Don Weinland, Sun Yu, Xinning Liu, “Chinese villages build barricades to keep coronavirus at bay”, in Financial Times, archived from the original on 2020-02-08: